UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

 

Commission file number. 0-12015

 

 

 

 

HEALTHCARE SERVICES GROUP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(215) 639-4274

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the 1934 Act:

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES o     NO þ

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES o     NO þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ  NO o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  þ     Accelerated filer  o     Non-accelerated filer  o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
YES o  NO þ

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock (Common Stock, $.01 par value) held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the close of business on June 30, 2007 was approximately $769,611,000 based on closing sale price of the Common Stock on the NASDAQ National Market on that date. The Registrant does not have any non-voting common equity.

 

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock (Common Stock, $.01 par value) as of the latest practicable date (February 15, 2008). 42,922,000

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for the Registrant’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 20, 2008 have been incorporated by reference into Parts II and III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

Part I

 

References made herein to “we,” “our,” “us”, or “the Company” include Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries; Summit Services Group, Inc. (whose operations were fully integrated into Healthcare Services Group, Inc. on January 1, 2007), HCSG Supply, Inc. and Huntingdon Holdings, Inc., unless the context otherwise requires.

 

Item I.  Business.  

 

(a)  General

The Company is a Pennsylvania corporation, incorporated on November 22, 1976. We provide housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and food services to the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. Based on the nature and similarities of the services provided, our business operations consist of two business segments (Housekeeping and Food). We believe that we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry services to the long-term care industry in the United States, rendering such services to approximately 2,100 facilities in 47 states as of December 31, 2007. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.

 

On September 18, 2006, effective as of August 31, 2006, our wholly-owned subsidiary HCSG Merger, Inc acquired 100% of the common stock of Summit Services Group, Inc. (“Summit”) in a transaction accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Summit is a provider of professional housekeeping, laundry and food services to long-term care and related facilities. The acquisition of Summit expanded and complimented our position of being the largest provider of such services to the long-term care industry in the United States. As of January 1, 2007, Summit’s operations were fully integrated into Healthcare Services Group, Inc. Additionally, we operate two wholly-owned subsidiaries, HCSG Supply, Inc. (“Supply”) and Huntingdon Holdings, Inc. (“Huntingdon”). Supply purchases, warehouses and distributes essentially all of the supplies and equipment used in providing our Housekeeping segment services. Supply also warehouses and distributes a limited number of supply items used in providing our Food segment services. Huntingdon invests our cash and cash equivalents.

 

The information called for herein is discussed below in Description of Services, and within Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

 

General

We provide management, administrative and operating expertise and services to the housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and food service departments of the health care industry.

 

We are organized into, and provide our services through two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and food services (“Food”).

 

The services provided by Housekeeping consist primarily of the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.

 

Food, which began operations in 1997, consists of providing for the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs, and the purchasing and preparing of the food for delivery to the patients.

 

Both segments provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the management and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We

also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a one year service term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days notice after the initial 90-day period.

 

Our labor force is interchangeable with respect to each of the services within Housekeeping. Our labor force with respect to Food is specific to it. There are many similarities in the nature of the services performed by each segment. However, there are some significant differences in the specialized expertise required of the professional management personnel responsible for delivering the services of the respective segments. We believe the services of each segment provide opportunity for growth.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, GGNSC Holdings LLC (doing business as Golden Horizons), our major client, accounted for 16% of our total revenues. In 2007, we derived 15% and 21% of Housekeeping and Food revenues, respectively, from such client. At December 31, 2007, amounts due from such client represented less than 1% of our accounts receivable balance. This client completed its previously announced merger on March 14, 2006. Our relationship with the successor entity remains under the same terms and conditions as existed prior to the merger. Although we expect to continue the relationship with this client, there can be no assurance thereof. The loss of such client, or a significant reduction in the revenues we receive from this client, would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of our two operating segments. In addition, if such client changes its payment terms it would increase our accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and cash and cash equivalents.

An overview of each of our segments follows:

 

Housekeeping

Housekeeping services.  Housekeeping services is our largest service sector, representing approximately 56% or $325,033,000 of consolidated revenues in 2007. This service involves cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing resident areas in our clients’ facilities. In providing services to any given client facility, we typically hire and train the hourly employees employed by such facility prior to our engagement. We normally assign two on-site managers to each facility to supervise and train hourly personnel and coordinate housekeeping services with other facility support functions. Such management personnel also oversee the execution of a variety of quality and cost-control procedures including continuous training and employee evaluation and on-site testing for infection control. The on-site management team also assists the facility in complying with Federal, state and local regulations.

 

Laundry and linen services.  Laundry and linen services represents approximately 24% or $140,531,000 of consolidated revenues in 2007. Laundry services involve the laundering and processing of the residents’ personal clothing. We provide laundry service to all of our housekeeping clients. Linen services involve providing, laundering and processing of the sheets, pillow cases, blankets, towels, uniforms and assorted linen items used by our clients’ facilities. At some facilities that utilize our laundry and linen services, we install our own equipment. Such installation generally requires an initial capital outlay by us ranging from $5,000 to $150,000 depending on the size of the facility, installation and construction costs, and the amount of equipment required. We could incur relocation or other costs in the event of the cancellation of a linen service agreement where there was an investment by us in a corresponding laundry installation. The hiring, training and supervision of the hourly employees who perform laundry and linen services are similar to, and performed by the same management personnel who oversee the housekeeping services hourly employees located at the respective client facility. In some instances we own linen supplies utilized at our clients’ facilities and therefore, maintain a sufficient inventory of linen supplies to ensure their availability.

 

Maintenance and other services.  Maintenance services consist of repair and maintenance of laundry equipment, plumbing and electrical systems, as well as carpentry and painting. This service sector’s total revenues of $2,155,000 represent less than 1% of consolidated revenues.

 

Laundry installation sales.  We (as a distributor of laundry equipment) sell laundry installations to our clients which generally represent the construction and installation of a turn-key operation. We generally offer payment terms, ranging from 36 to 60 months. During the years 2005 through 2007, laundry installation sales were not material to our operating results as we prefer to own such laundry installations in connection with performance of our service agreements.

 

Food

Food services.  We began providing food services in 1997. Food services represented 19% or $110,002,000 of consolidated revenues in 2007. Food services consist of the development of a menu that meets the residents’ dietary needs, purchasing and preparing the food to assure that residents receive an appetizing meal, and participation in monitoring the residents’ on-going nutritional status. On-site management is responsible for all daily food service activities, with regular support being provided by a district manager specializing in food service, as well as a registered dietitian. We also provide consulting services to facilities to assist them in cost containment and improve their food service operations.

Operational Management Structure

By applying our professional management techniques, we generally can contain or control certain housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and food service costs on a continuing basis. We manage and provide our services through a network of management personnel, as illustrated below.

 

 

Each facility is managed by an on-site Facility Manager, an Assistant Facility Manager, and if necessary, additional supervisory personnel. Districts, typically consisting of eight to twelve facilities, are supported by a District Manager and a Training Manager. District Managers bear overall responsibility for the facilities within their districts. They are generally based in close proximity to each facility. These managers provide active support to clients in addition to the support provided by our on-site management team. Training Managers are responsible for the recruitment, training and development of Facility Managers. A division consists of a number of regions within a specific geographical area. Divisional Vice Presidents manage each division. At December 31, 2007 we maintained 40 regions within five divisions. Each region is headed by a Regional Vice President/Manager. Some regions also have a Regional Director who assumes primary responsibility for marketing our services within the respective region. Regional Vice Presidents/Managers and Regional Directors provide management support to a number of districts within a specific geographical area. Regional Vice Presidents/Managers and Regional Directors report to Divisional Vice Presidents who in turn report to the President/Chief Operating Officer and Senior Vice Presidents. We believe that our divisional, regional and district organizational structure facilitates our ability to obtain new clients, and our ability to sell additional services to existing clients.

 

Market

The market for our services consists of a large number of facilities involved in various aspects of the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals. Such facilities may be specialized or general, privately owned or public, profit or not-for-profit, and may serve patients on a long-term or short-term basis. The market for our services is expected to continue to grow as the elderly population increases as a percentage of the United States population and as government reimbursement policies require increased cost control or containment by the constituents that comprise our targeted market.

 

The American Health Care Association estimates that there are approximately 16,300 nursing homes in the United States with about 1.78 million beds and 1.45 million residents. The facilities primarily range in size

from small private facilities with 65 beds to facilities with over 500 beds. We generally market our services to facilities with 100 or more beds. We believe that approximately 15% of our target market, long-term care facilities, currently use outside providers of housekeeping and laundry services.

 

Marketing and Sales

Our services are marketed at four levels of our organization: at the corporate level by the Chief Executive Officer, President/Chief Operating Officer and the Senior Vice Presidents; at the divisional level by Divisional Vice Presidents; at the regional level by the Regional Vice Presidents/Managers and Regional Directors; and at the district level by District Managers. We provide incentive compensation to our operational personnel based on achieving budgeted earnings and to our Regional Directors based on achieving budgeted earnings and new business revenues.

 

Our services are marketed primarily through referrals and in-person solicitation of target facilities. We also utilize direct mail campaigns and participate in industry trade shows, health care trade associations and healthcare support services seminars that are offered in conjunction with state or local health authorities in many of the states in which we conduct our business. Our programs have been approved for continuing education credits by state nursing home licensing boards in certain states, and are typically attended by facility owners, administrators and supervisory personnel, thus presenting marketing opportunities for us. Indications of interest in our services arising from initial marketing efforts are followed up with a presentation regarding our services and a survey of the service requirements of the facility. Thereafter, a formal proposal, including operational recommendations and recommendations for proposed savings, is submitted to the prospective client. Once the prospective client accepts the proposal and signs the service agreement, we can set up our operations on-site within days.

 

Government Regulation of Clients

Our clients are subject to government regulation. Congress has enacted a number of major laws during the past decade that have significantly altered government reimbursement for nursing home services, including the Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (“BBA”), the Benefits Improvement and Protection Act of 2000 (“BIPA”), and the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (“DRA”).

 

As a result of the BBA’s repeal of the “Boren Amendment” federal payment standard for Medicaid payments to nursing facilities, there is ongoing risk that budget constraints or other factors will cause states to reduce Medicaid reimbursements to nursing homes or fail to make payments to nursing homes on a timely basis. BIPA enacted a multi-year phase-out of certain governmental transfers that had boosted Medicaid payment rates, and these reduced federal payments have impacted the aggregate available funds.

 

The DRA’s stated goal of reducing federal Medicaid spending by $6.9 billion over five years has financial implications for nursing homes, as do the incentives it put in place for the use of community-based services, since increased use of home and community-based services and the corollary rebalancing of long term care funding towards a more non-institutional approach will likely put downward pressure on nursing home rate increases. In addition, changes to Medicaid asset transfer rules made in the DRA could exacerbate the nursing home Medicaid under-funding problem by increasing the incidence of uncompensated care. Most recently, there is significant federal pressure to reduce the maximum provider tax that states have been increasingly relying on to fund nursing home reimbursement.

 

Although all of these laws directly affect how clients are paid for certain services, we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs. Accordingly, all of our contractual relationships with our clients continue to determine the clients’ payment obligations to us. However, because clients’ revenues are generally highly reliant on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. (See “Liquidity and Capital Resources”).

 

The prospects for legislative action, both on the Federal and State level, regarding funding for nursing homes are uncertain. We are unable to predict or to estimate the ultimate impact of any further changes in

reimbursement programs affecting our clients’ future results of operations and/or their impact on our cash flows and operations.

 

Service Agreements/Collections

We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for our management and hourly employees located at clients’ facilities. We provide services on the basis of a management agreement for a very limited number of clients. In such agreements, our services are comprised of providing on-site management personnel, while the hourly and staff personnel remain employees of the respective client.

 

We typically adopt and follow the client’s employee wage structure, including its policy of wage rate increases, and pass through to the client any labor cost increases associated with wage rate adjustments. Under a management agreement, we provide management and supervisory services while the client facility retains payroll responsibility for its hourly employees. Substantially all of our agreements are full service agreements. These agreements typically provide for a one year term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day period. As of December 31, 2007, we provided services to approximately 2,100 client facilities.

 

Although the service agreements are cancelable on short notice, we have historically had a favorable client retention rate and expect to continue to maintain satisfactory relationships with our clients. The risk associated with short-term service agreements have not materially affected either our linen and laundry services, which may from time-to-time require a capital investment, or our laundry installation sales, which may require us to finance the sales price. Such risks are often mitigated by certain provisions set forth in the agreements entered into with our clients.

 

We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for these collection problems and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $6,142,000, $622,000 and $1,425,000 in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively (See Schedule II-Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, for year-end balances). These provisions represent 1.1%, .1% and .3%, as a percentage of total revenues, for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. In making our credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluation and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss. Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows, as discussed in “Government Regulation of Clients” and “Risk Factors” of this report. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

Competition

We compete primarily with the in-house support service departments of our potential clients. Most healthcare facilities perform their own support service functions without relying upon outside management firms. In addition, a number of local firms compete with us in the regional markets in which we conduct business. Several national service firms are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than us, although historically, such firms have concentrated their marketing efforts on hospitals rather than the long-term care facilities typically serviced by us. Although the competition to provide service to health care facilities is strong, we believe that we compete effectively for new agreements, as well as renewals of existing agreements, based upon the quality and dependability of our services and the cost savings we believe we can usually implement for existing and new clients.

Employees

At December 31, 2007, we employed approximately 4,250 management, office support and supervisory personnel. Of these employees, 300 held executive, regional/district management and office support positions, and 3,950 of these employees were on-site management personnel. On such date, we employed approximately 19,600 hourly employees. Many of our hourly employees were previously support employees of our clients. We manage, for a very limited number of our client facilities, the hourly employees who remain employed by those clients.

 

Approximately 12% of our hourly employees are unionized. The majority of these employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements that are negotiated by individual client facilities and are assented to by us, so as to bind us as an “employer” under the agreements. We may be adversely affected by relations between our client facilities and the employee unions. We are also a direct party to negotiated collective bargaining agreements covering a limited number of employees at a few facilities serviced by us. We believe our employee relations are satisfactory.

 

Our Housekeeping segment provides services in Canada, although essentially all of its revenues and net income, 99% in each category, are earned in one geographic area, the United States. The Food segment only provides services in the United States.

 

Healthcare Services Group, Inc. is a reporting company under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and files reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission” or “SEC”). The public may read and copy any of our filings at the Commissioner’s Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330. Additionally, because we make filings to the Commission electronically, you may access this information at the Commission’s internet site: www.sec.gov. This site contains reports, proxies and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission.

 

Website Access

Our website address is www.hcsgcorp.com. Our filings with the Commission, as well as other pertinent financial and Company information are available at no cost on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after the filing of such reports with the Commission.

We make forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, in this report and documents incorporated by reference into this report, other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, and in our press releases. Such forward-looking statements are not historical facts but rather are based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, our beliefs and assumptions. Generally they may include statements on: projections of revenues, net income, earnings per share, cash flows and other financial data. Additionally, we may make forward-looking statements relating to business objectives of management and evaluations of the market we serve. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or objectives to differ materially from those projected. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

We have described below what we believe are our most significant risk factors, which may be beyond our control and could cause results to differ significantly from our projections.

 

We have one client, a nursing home chain, which due to its significant contribution to our total revenues, we consider a major client.

Golden Horizons, our major client accounted for 16% of our 2007 total consolidated revenues, consisting of 15% and 21% of our Housekeeping and Food revenues, respectively. At December 31, 2007, amounts due from such client represented less than 1% of our accounts receivable balance. This client completed its previously announced merger on March 14, 2006. Our relationship with the successor entity remains under the same terms and conditions as existed prior to the merger. Although we expect to continue the relationship with this client, there can be no assurance thereof. The loss of such client, or a significant reduction in the revenues we receive from such client, would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of our two operating segments. In addition, if such client changes its payment terms it would increase our accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and cash and cash equivalents.

 

Our clients are concentrated in the health care industry.

We provide our services primarily to providers of long-term care. Congress has enacted a number of major laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or may alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. Because our clients’ revenues are generally highly reliant on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the future.

 

We have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability and workers’ compensation insurance.

Under our insurance plans for general liability and workers’ compensation, predetermined loss limits are arranged with our insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost. We regularly evaluate our claims pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims estimate. Our evaluation is based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

We provide services in 47 states and are subject to numerous local taxing jurisdictions within those states.

The taxability of our services is subject to various interpretations within the taxing jurisdictions of our markets. Consequently, in the ordinary course of business, a jurisdiction may contest our reporting positions with respect to the application of its tax code to our services. A jurisdiction’s conflicting position on the

taxability of our services could result in additional tax liabilities which we may not be able to pass on to our clients or could negatively impact our competitive position in the respective location. Additionally, if we or one of our employees fail to comply with applicable tax laws and regulations we could suffer civil or criminal penalties in addition to the delinquent tax assessment.

 

We primarily provide our services pursuant to agreements which have a one year term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days’ notice after the initial 90-day service agreement period.

We do not enter into long-term contractual agreements with our clients for the rendering of our services. Consequently, our clients can unilaterally decrease the amount of services we provide or terminate all services pursuant to the terms of our service agreements. Any loss of a significant number of clients during the first year of providing services, for which we have incurred significant start-up costs or invested in an equipment installation, could in the aggregate materially adversely affect our consolidated results of operations and financial position.

 

We are dependent on the management experience of our key personnel.

We manage and provide our services through a network of management personnel, from the on-site facility manager up to the executive officers of the company. Therefore, we believe that our ability to recruit and sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and our ability to successfully execute projected growth strategies. Our professional management personnel are the key personnel in maintaining and selling additional services to current clients and obtaining new clients.

 

We may in general be adversely affected by inflationary or market fluctuations in the cost of products consumed in providing our services or our cost of labor.

The prices we pay for the principal items we consume in performing our services are dependent primarily on current market prices. Additionally, our cost of labor may be influenced by unanticipated factors in certain market areas or increases in collective bargaining agreements of our clients, to which we assent. Although we endeavor to pass on such increased costs to our clients, any inability or delay in passing on such increases in costs could negatively impact our profitability.

 

Market expectations are high and rely greatly on execution of our growth strategy and related increases in financial performance.

Management believes the historical price increases of our Common Stock reflect high market expectations for our future operating results. In particular, our ability to attract new clients, through organic growth or acquisitions, has enabled us to execute our growth strategy and increase market share. If, in the event we are not able to continue historical client and revenue growth rates, our operating performance may be adversely affected. Any failure to meet the market’s high expectations for our revenue and operating results may have an adverse effect on the market price of our Common Stock.

 

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

 

Item 2.  Properties.

We lease our corporate offices, located at 3220 Tillman Drive, Suite 300, Bensalem, Pennsylvania 19020. We also lease office space at other locations in Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Florida, Illinois, California, Colorado, Georgia, and New Jersey. These locations serve as divisional or regional offices providing management and administrative services to both of our operating segments in their respective geographical areas.

 

We lease warehouse space in Bristol, Pennsylvania accommodating the operations of HCSG Supply, Inc. Supplies and equipment warehoused and distributed out of this location are used by both operating segments in providing their respective services.

We are also provided with office and storage space at each of our client facilities.

 

Management does not foresee any difficulties with regard to the continued utilization of all of the aforementioned premises. We also believe that such properties are sufficient for our current operations.

 

We presently own laundry equipment, office furniture and equipment, housekeeping equipment and vehicles. Such office furniture and equipment, and vehicles are primarily located at our corporate office, warehouse, and divisional and regional offices. We have housekeeping equipment at all client facilities where we provide services under a full service housekeeping agreement. Generally, the aggregate cost of housekeeping equipment located at each client facility is less than $2,500. Additionally, we have laundry installations at approximately 130 client facilities. Our cost of such laundry installations ranges between $5,000 and $150,000. We believe that such laundry equipment, office furniture and equipment, housekeeping equipment and vehicles are sufficient for our current operations.

 

Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.

As of December 31, 2007, there were no material pending legal proceedings to which we were a party, or as to which any of our property was subject, other than routine litigation or claims and/or proceedings believed to be adequately covered by insurance.

 

Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

Not applicable.

PART II

 

(a)  Market Information

Our common stock, $.01 par value (the “Common Stock”), is traded under the symbol “HCSG” on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. On February 15, 2008, there were 42,922,000 shares of Common Stock outstanding and held by non-affiliates.

 

The high and low sales price quotations for our Common Stock during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 ranged as follows (adjusted, where applicable, to reflect the 3 for 2 stock split in the form of a 50% common stock dividend on July 17, 2007):

 

 

 

(b)  Holders

We have been advised by our transfer agent, American Stock Transfer and Trust Company, that we had 680 holders of record of our Common Stock as of February 15, 2008. Based on reports of security position listings compiled for the 2007 annual meeting of shareholders, we believe we may have approximately 3,500 beneficial owners of our Common Stock.

 

(c)  Dividends

We have paid regular quarterly cash dividends since the second quarter of 2003. During 2007, we paid regular quarterly cash dividends totaling $17,736,000.

 

A summary of such 2007 cash dividend payments follows:

 

 

Additionally, on January 22, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $.13 per common share, which was paid on February 15, 2008 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 4, 2008.

 

On July 17, 2007, our Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split in the form of a 50% common stock dividend which was paid on August 10, 2007 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 3, 2007. All fractional shares were rounded up. The effect of the stock dividend was to increase Common Shares outstanding by approximately 14,200,000 shares.

 

Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or as to the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a

regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.

 

(d)  Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

The following table sets forth for the Company’s equity compensation plans, on an aggregated basis, the number of shares of its Common Stock subject to outstanding options, the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, and the number of shares remaining available for future award grants as of December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

(e)  Performance Graph

 

Copyright ^© 2008 Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
www.researchdatagroup.com/S&P.htm

 

 

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*

Among Healthcare Services Group, Inc., The S&P 500 Index

And The S&P Health Care Distributors Index

 

 

* $100 invested on 12/31/02 in stock or index-including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31.

 

Copyright ^© 2008, Standard & Poor’s, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. www.researchdatagroup.com/S&P.htm

 

 

 

 

Recent sales of Unregistered Securities

 

None

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

None

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.

The following selected condensed consolidated financial data has been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, included elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

 

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements

 

This report and documents incorporated by reference into this report contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), as amended, are not historical facts but rather based on current expectations, estimates and projections about our business and industry, our beliefs and assumptions. Words such as “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “will”, “goal”, and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The inclusion of forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us that any of our plans will be achieved. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Such forward looking information is also subject to various risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, risks arising from our providing services exclusively to the health care industry, primarily providers of long-term care; credit and collection risks associated with this industry; one client accounting for approximately 16% of revenues in 2007-(see notes 1 and 10, ”Major Client” in the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements); risks associated with our acquisition of Summit Services Group, Inc.; our claims experience related to workers’ compensation and general liability insurance; the effects of changes in, or interpretations of laws and regulations governing the industry, including state and local regulations pertaining to the taxability of our services; and the risk factors described in Part I in this report under ”Government Regulation of Clients”, ”Competition”, ”Service Agreements/Collections”, and under Item IA “Risk Factors”. Many of our clients’ revenues are highly contingent on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates, which Congress has affected through the enactment of a number of major laws during the past decade. These laws have significantly altered, or threatened to alter, overall government reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms. The overall effect of these laws and trends in the long-term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from

clients, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future. Additionally, our operating results would be adversely affected if unexpected increases in the costs of labor and labor related costs, materials, supplies and equipment used in performing services could not be passed on to our clients.

 

In addition, we believe that to improve our financial performance we must continue to obtain service agreements with new clients, provide new services to existing clients, achieve modest price increases on current service agreements with existing clients and maintain internal cost reduction strategies at our various operational levels. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to sustain the internal development of managerial personnel is an important factor impacting future operating results and successfully executing projected growth strategies.

 

Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to provide the reader with information that will be helpful in understanding our financial statements including the changes in certain key items in comparing financial statements period to period. We also intend to provide the primary factors that accounted for those changes, as well as a summary of how certain accounting principles affect our financial statements. In addition, we are providing information about the financial results of our two operating segments to further assist in understanding how these segments and their results affect our consolidated results of operations. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements as of December 31, 2007 and the year then ended and the notes accompanying those financial statements contained herein under Item 8.

 

As disclosed in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the September 18, 2006 Summit acquisition was effective as of August 31, 2006. As of January 1, 2007, Summit’s operations were fully integrated into Healthcare Services Group, Inc. The Summit results of operations, for the period September 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006 are included in our 2006 consolidated results of operations and financial information presented below. Such impact, when material and quantifiable, is discussed where we believe it would contribute to the reader’s understanding of our financial statements.

 

As disclosed in Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, a cumulative effect of adjusting our deferred compensation liability resulted from applying the provisions of Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 (“SAB No. 108”). We have adopted SAB No. 108 at December 31, 2006 and for the year then ended. Historically, the appreciation on our Common Stock held in our Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) trust account was not recognized in the reporting of the deferred compensation liability. In accordance with the guidance provided by Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 97-14 (“EITF No. 97-14), we increased our recorded deferred compensation liability to reflect the current fair market value of our shares held in the Plan trust account. Prior to the adoption of SAB No. 108, we used the “rollover” method described therein in evaluating the materiality of financial statements’ adjustments. We determined the impact from the adjustment to be immaterial to the year ended December 31, 2006 and prior periods’ financial results under the “rollover” method. Additionally, we have evaluated the adjustment using the dual approach method described in SAB No. 108. Pursuant to the guidance of SAB No. 108, the adjustment to the liability was accomplished by the recording in 2006 of the cumulative effect, as of January 1, 2006, a $1,432,000 ($856,000 net of income taxes) increase to correct the liability balance as of December 31, 2005. Offsetting this increase to our liability was a corresponding charge to retained earnings 2006 beginning balance. Additionally, the 2006 financial statements were effected by the adjustment through an approximately $970,000 ($605,000 net of income taxes) increase to the liability with a corresponding charge to deferred compensation expense to reflect the changes in fair market value during 2006. Of this adjustment, approximately $530,000 ($335,000 net of income taxes) was applicable to previously reported 2006 periods through September 30, 2006 and $440,000 ($270,000 after income taxes) impacted our 2006 fourth quarter results. Reported results for periods prior to January 1, 2006 have not been adjusted.

 

Overview

We provide housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and food services to the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the

United States. We believe that we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry services to the long-term care industry in the United States, rendering such services to approximately 2,100 facilities in 47 states as of December 31, 2007. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.

 

We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the management and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a one year service term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days notice after the initial 90-day period.

 

We are organized into two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and food services (“Food”).

 

The services provided by Housekeeping consist primarily of the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility.

 

Food consists of providing for the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs, and the purchasing and preparing of the food for delivery to the patients.

 

In addition to Summit (whose operations were fully integrated into Healthcare’s on January 1, 2007), we operate two wholly-owned subsidiaries, HCSG Supply, Inc. (“Supply”) and Huntingdon Holdings, Inc. (“Huntingdon”). Supply purchases, warehouses and distributes the supplies and equipment used in providing our Housekeeping segment services. Huntingdon invests our cash and cash equivalents.

 

Consolidated Operations

The following table sets forth, for the years indicated, the percentage which certain items bear to consolidated revenues:

 

 

Subject to the factors noted in the Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements included in this report, we anticipate our financial performance in 2008 to be comparable to the 2007 percentages presented in the above table as they relate to consolidated revenues.

 

Housekeeping is our largest and core reportable segment, representing approximately 80% of 2007 consolidated revenues. Food revenues represented approximately 19% of 2007 consolidated revenues. Additionally, other ancillary services accounted for 1% of 2007 consolidated revenues.

Although there can be no assurance thereof, we believe that in 2008 each of Housekeeping’s and Food’s revenues, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, will remain approximately the same as their respective 2007 percentages noted above. Furthermore, we expect the sources of growth in 2008 for the respective operating segments will be primarily the same as historically experienced. Accordingly, although there can be no assurance thereof, the growth in Food is expected to come from our current Housekeeping client base, while growth in Housekeeping will primarily come from obtaining new clients.

 

2007 Compared with 2006

The following table sets forth 2007 income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis, as well as the percentage increases (decreases) of each compared to 2006 amounts. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions, as well as transactions between reportable segments and our warehousing and distribution subsidiary.

 

 

Revenues

 

Consolidated

Consolidated revenues increased 12.9% to $577,721,000 in 2007 compared to $511,631,000 in 2006 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.

 

We have one client, a nursing home chain (“Major Client”), which in 2007 and 2006 accounted for 16% and 18%, respectively, of consolidated revenues. At both December 31, 2007 and 2006 amounts due from such client represented less than 1% of our accounts receivable balance. This client completed its previously announced merger on March 14, 2006. Our relationship with this successor entity remains under the same terms and conditions as established prior to the merger. Although we expect to continue the relationship with this client, there can be no assurance thereof, and the loss of such client, or a significant reduction in the revenues we receive from this client, would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of our two operating segments. In addition, if such client changes its payment terms it would increase our accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and cash and cash equivalents.

 

Reportable Segments

Housekeeping’s 13.5% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from an increase of 7.6% attributable to service agreements entered into with new clients and a 5.9% increase in revenues related to the Summit acquisition.

 

Food’s 8.5% net growth in reportable segment revenues is primarily a result of providing this service to an increasing number of existing Housekeeping clients. The Summit acquisition accounted for 1.5% of the increase.

 

We derived 15% and 21%, respectively, of Housekeeping and Food’s 2007 revenues from our Major Client.

Costs of services provided

 

Consolidated

Cost of services provided, on a consolidated basis, as a percentage of consolidated revenues for 2007 decreased to 85.4% from 85.7% in 2006. The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators that we manage on a consolidated basis in evaluating our financial performance.

 

 

The increase in bad debt provision resulted primarily from nursing homes filing for bankruptcy. The workers’ compensation and general liability insurance expense decrease is primarily a result of reduced payments to claimants due to improved claims’ experience.

 

Reportable Segments

Cost of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, for 2007 decreased to 90.4% from 90.8% in 2006. Cost of services provided for Food, as a percentage of Food revenues, for 2007 increased to 97.4% from 96.6% in 2006.

 

The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators, as a percentage of the respective segment’s revenues, that we manage on a reportable segment basis in evaluating our financial performance:

 

 

The decrease in Housekeeping labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, resulted primarily from efficiencies achieved. The decrease in Housekeeping supplies resulted primarily from better management of supplies’ consumption, as well as comparing these costs to a greater revenue base.

 

The increase in Food labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Food revenues, resulted primarily from not managing these costs as efficiently as compared to prior periods. The increase in Food segment supplies, as a percentage of Food segment revenues, is a result of vendor price increases.

 

Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Consistent with our 12.9% growth in consolidated revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $3,088,000. However, as a percentage of total consolidated revenues, these expenses decreased to 7.0% in 2007 as compared to 7.3% in 2006. The .3% percentage decrease is primarily attributable to our ability to control these expenses and comparing them to a greater revenue base in the current period.

 

Consolidated Investment and Interest Income

Investment and interest income, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, decreased to .7% in 2007 compared to 1.0% in 2006. The decrease is primarily attributable to the decrease in market value of the investments held in our Deferred Compensation Fund and reduced interest income earned resulting from lower cash and cash equivalents’ average balances.

 

Income before Income Taxes

 

Consolidated

As a result of the discussion above related to revenues and expenses, consolidated income before income taxes for 2007 increased to 8.3%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 8.0% in 2006.

Reportable Segments

Housekeeping’s 18.5% increase in income before income taxes is attributable to the improvement in the gross profit earned at the client facility level and the gross profit earned on the 13.5% increase in reportable segment revenues.

 

Food’s income before income taxes decreased 16.7% on a reportable segment basis which is primarily attributable to a decline in the gross profit earned at certain clients’ facility level operations, as well as additional costs incurred in the initiative of repositioning the direct management of Food to the respective geographical Housekeeping divisional management teams. These factors were partially offset by the gross profit earned on the 8.5% increase in reportable segment revenues.

 

Consolidated Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate increased to 38.5% for the year ended December 31, 2007 from 37.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily a result of an increase in pre-tax book income, decreasing the favorable impact of tax-exempt income, and the impact of state income taxes. Absent any significant change in federal, or state and local tax laws, we expect our effective tax rate for 2008 to be approximately the same as realized in 2007. Our 38.5% effective tax rate differs from the federal income tax statutory rate principally because of the effect of state and local income taxes.

 

Consolidated Net Income

As a result of the matters discussed above, consolidated net income for 2007 increased to 5.1%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 5.0% in 2006.

 

2006 Compared with 2005

The following table sets forth 2006 income statement key components that we use to evaluate our financial performance on a consolidated and reportable segment basis, as well as the percentage increases of each compared to 2005 amounts. The differences between the reportable segments’ operating results and other disclosed data and our consolidated financial statements relate primarily to corporate level transactions, as well as transactions between reportable segments and our warehousing and distribution subsidiary.

 

 

Revenues

 

Consolidated

Consolidated revenues increased 9.7% to $511,631,000 in 2006 compared to $466,291,000 in 2005 as a result of the factors discussed below under Reportable Segments.

 

Revenues from our Major Client accounted for 18% and 19%, of consolidated revenues in 2006 and 2005, respectively. At both December 31, 2006 and 2005 amounts due from such client represented less than 1% of our accounts receivable balance.

 

Reportable Segments

Housekeeping’s 9.9% net growth in reportable segment revenues resulted primarily from an increase of 6.0% attributable to service agreements entered into with new clients and a 3.9% increase in revenues related to the Summit acquisition.

Food’s 9.2% net growth in reportable segment revenues is primarily a result of providing this service to an increasing number of existing Housekeeping clients. The Summit acquisition accounted for 1.3% of the increase.

 

We derived 16% and 26%, respectively, of Housekeeping and Food’s 2006 revenues from our Major Client.

 

Costs of services provided

 

Consolidated

Cost of services provided, on a consolidated basis, as a percentage of consolidated revenues for 2006 decreased to 85.7% from 87.1% in 2005. The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators that we manage on a consolidated basis in evaluating our financial performance.

 

 

The decrease in bad debt provision resulted primarily from improved collection experience. The workers’ compensation and general liability insurance expense decrease is primarily a result of reduced payments to claimants due to improved claims’ experience.

 

Reportable Segments

 

Cost of services provided for Housekeeping, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, for 2006 decreased to 90.8% from 91.5% in 2005. Cost of services provided for Food, as a percentage of Food revenues, for 2006 decreased to 96.6% from 97.2% in 2005.

 

The following table provides a comparison of the primary cost of services provided-key indicators, as a percentage of the respective segment’s revenues, that we manage on a reportable segment basis in evaluating our financial performance:

 

 

The decrease in Housekeeping labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Housekeeping revenues, resulted primarily from efficiencies achieved. The minor increase in Housekeeping supplies resulted primarily from vendor price increases.

 

The decrease in Food labor and other labor costs, as a percentage of Food revenues, resulted primarily from efficiencies achieved. The decrease in Food segment supplies, as a percentage of Food segment revenues, is a result of price decreases in vendor purchasing agreements.

 

Consolidated Selling, General and Administrative Expense

Consistent with our 9.7% growth in consolidated revenues, selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $4,620,000. However, as a percentage of total consolidated revenues, these expenses only increased to 7.3% in 2006 as compared to 7.0% in 2005. The .3% percentage increase is primarily attributable to additional deferred compensation expense resulting from the fair value increase on assets held in our deferred compensation plan participants’ trust account, other share-based compensation plan expense and the amortization expense recorded on the intangible assets derived from the Summit acquisition.

 

Consolidated Investment and Interest Income

Investment and interest income, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, increased to 1.0% in 2006 compared to .7% in 2005. The increase is primarily attributable to improved rates of return on our cash and cash

equivalents’ investments and the increase in market value of the investments held in our Deferred Compensation Fund.

 

Income before Income Taxes

 

Consolidated

As a result of the discussion above related to revenues and expenses, consolidated income before income taxes for 2006 increased to 8.0%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 6.6% in 2005.

 

Reportable Segments

Housekeeping’s 18.6% increase in income before income taxes is attributable to the improvement in the gross profit earned at the client facility level and the gross profit earned on the increase in organic reportable segment revenues. Approximately 7.3% of the increase is related to Summit’s results.

 

Food’s income before income taxes increased 29.0% on a reportable segment basis which is primarily attributable to an improvement in the gross profit earned at the client facility level and the gross profit earned on the increase in organic reportable segment revenues. Approximately 9.4% of the increase is related to Summit’s results.

 

Consolidated Income Taxes

Our effective tax rate decreased slightly to 37.5% at December 31, 2006 from 38% in 2005. Absent any significant change in federal, or state and local tax laws, we expect our effective tax rate for 2007 to be approximately the same as realized in 2006. Our 37.5% effective tax rate differs from the federal income tax statutory rate principally because of the effect of state and local income taxes.

 

Consolidated Net Income

As a result of the matters discussed above consolidated net income for 2006 increased to 5.0%, as a percentage of consolidated revenues, compared to 4.1% in 2005.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.

 

We consider the three policies discussed below to be critical to an understanding of our financial statements because their application places the most significant demands on our judgment. Therefore, it should be noted that financial reporting results rely on estimating the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. Specific risks for these critical accounting policies and estimates are described in the following paragraphs. For these estimates, we caution that future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Any such adjustments or revisions to estimates could result in material differences to previously reported amounts.

 

The three policies discussed are not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our accounting policies. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by accounting standards generally accepted in the United States, with no need for our judgment in their application. There are also areas in which our judgment in selecting another available alternative would not produce a materially different result. See our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, which contain accounting policies and other disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (the “Allowance”) is established as losses are estimated to have occurred through a provision for bad debts charged to earnings. The Allowance is evaluated based on our

periodic review of accounts and notes receivable and is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

 

We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In making credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risks associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluations, and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss.

 

In accordance with the risk of extending credit, we regularly evaluate our accounts and notes receivable for impairment or loss of value and when appropriate, will provide in our Allowance for such receivables. We generally follow a policy of reserving for receivables due from clients in bankruptcy, clients with which we are in litigation for collection and other slow paying clients. The reserve is based upon our estimates of ultimate collectibility. Correspondingly, once our recovery of a receivable is determined through either litigation, bankruptcy proceedings or negotiation to be less than the recorded amount on our balance sheet, we will charge-off the applicable amount to the Allowance.

 

Our methodology for the Allowance is based upon a risk-based evaluation of accounts and notes receivable associated with a client’s ability to make payments. Such Allowance generally consists of an initial amount established based upon criteria generally applied if and when a client account files bankruptcy, is placed for collection/litigation and/or is considered to be pending collection/litigation.

 

The initial Allowance is adjusted either higher or lower when additional information is available to permit a more accurate estimate of the collectibility of an account.

 

Summarized below for the years 2005 through 2007 are the aggregate account balances for the three Allowance criteria noted above, net write-offs of client accounts, bad debt provision and allowance for doubtful accounts.

 

 

At December 31, 2007, we identified accounts totaling $9,363,000 that require an Allowance based on potential impairment or loss of value. An Allowance totaling $4,284,000 was provided for these accounts at such date. Actual collections of these accounts could differ from that which we currently estimate. If our actual collection experience is 5% less than our estimate, the related increase to our Allowance would decrease net income by approximately $156,000.

 

Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends, as more fully discussed under Liquidity and Capital Resources below, and as further described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K in Part I under “Risk Factors”, “Government Regulation of Clients” and “Service Agreements/Collections”, change in such a manner as to negatively impact the cash flows of our clients. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Accrued Insurance Claims

 

We currently have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, which comprise approximately 29% of our liabilities at December 31, 2007. Our accounting for this plan is affected by various uncertainties because we must make assumptions and apply judgment to estimate the ultimate cost to settle reported claims and claims incurred but not reported as of the balance sheet date. We address these uncertainties by regularly evaluating our claims’ pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims estimate. Our evaluations are based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/ or industry trends result in an unfavorable change, it would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. Under these plans, predetermined loss limits are arranged with an insurance company to limit both our per-occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.

 

For workers’ compensation, we record a reserve based on the present value of future payments, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims. The present value of the payout is determined by applying an 8% discount factor against the estimated value of the claims over the estimated remaining pay-out period. Reducing the discount factor by 1% would reduce net income by approximately $71,000. Additionally, reducing the estimated payout period by six months would result in an approximate $115,000 reduction in net income.

 

For general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated ultimate amounts to be paid for known claims. The estimated ultimate reserve amount recorded is derived from the estimated claim reserves provided by our insurance carrier reduced by an historical experience factor.

 

Asset Valuations and Review for Potential Impairment

We review our fixed assets, goodwill and other intangible assets at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. This review requires that we make assumptions regarding the value of these assets and the changes in circumstances that would affect the carrying value of these assets. If such analysis indicates that a possible impairment may exist, we are then required to estimate the fair value of the asset and, as deemed appropriate, expense all or a portion of the asset. The determination of fair value includes numerous uncertainties, such as the impact of competition on future value. We believe that we have made reasonable estimates and judgments in determining whether our long-term assets have been impaired; however, if there is a material change in the assumptions used in our determination of fair value or if there is a material change in economic conditions or circumstances influencing fair value, we could be required to recognize certain impairment charges in the future. As a result of our most recent reviews, no changes in asset values were required.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

At December 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $92,461,000 and working capital of $167,217,000 compared to December 31, 2006 cash and cash equivalents of $72,997,000 and working capital of $140,627,000. We view our cash and cash equivalents as our principal measure of liquidity. Our current ratio at December 31, 2007 increased to 7.0 to 1 compared to 6.1 to 1 at December 31, 2006. This increase resulted primarily from higher cash balances and the increase in accounts and notes receivable resulting primarily from our 12.9% increase in revenues, as well as the increase in inventories resulting primarily from the increase in the number of client facilities we service. On an historical basis, our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and have required limited capital resources. We believe our current and near term cash flow positions will enable us to fund our continued anticipated growth.

 

Operating Activities

The net cash provided by our operating activities was $25,771,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The principal sources of net cash flows from operating activities for 2007 were net income, including non-cash charges to operations for bad debt provisions, and depreciation and amortization. Additionally, operating activities’ cash flows increased by $2,261,000 as a result of the timing of payments for accrued payroll,

accrued and withheld payroll taxes. The operating activity that used the largest amount of cash during the year ended December 31, 2007 was a net increase of $9,205,000 in accounts and notes receivable and long-term notes receivable resulting primarily from the 12.9% growth in the Company’s 2007 revenues. Additionally, cash flows from operating activity were reduced by a $2,477,000 increase in inventories and supplies, and a $2,134,000 decrease in accounts payable and other accrued expenses resulting from the timing of such payments.

 

Investing Activities

Our principal use of cash in investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $1,505,000 for the purchases of housekeeping equipment, computer software and equipment, and laundry equipment installations. See “Capital Expenditures” below.

 

Financing Activities

We have paid regular quarterly cash dividends since the second quarter of 2003. During 2007, we paid to shareholders regular quarterly cash dividends totaling $17,736,000 as follows.

 

 

Additionally, on January 22, 2008, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $.13 per common share which was paid on February 15, 2008 to shareholders of record as of the close of business February 4, 2008.

 

Our Board of Directors reviews our dividend policy on a quarterly basis. Although there can be no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends or the amount of the dividend, we expect to continue to pay a regular quarterly cash dividend. In connection with the establishment of our dividend policy, we adopted a Dividend Reinvestment Plan in 2003.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2007, we received proceeds of $5,462,000 from the exercise of stock options by employees and directors. Additionally, as a result of deductions derived from the stock option exercises, we recognized an income tax benefit of $6,616,000.

 

Line of Credit

We have a $30,000,000 bank line of credit on which we may draw to meet short-term liquidity requirements in excess of internally generated cash flow. Amounts drawn under the line of credit are payable upon demand. At December 31, 2007, there were no borrowings under the line of credit. However, at such date, we had outstanding a $27,725,000 irrevocable standby letter of credit which relates to payment obligations under our insurance programs. As a result of the letter of credit issued, the amount available under the line of credit was reduced by $27,725,000 at December 31, 2007.

 

The line of credit requires us to satisfy two financial covenants. Such covenants, and their respective status at December 31, 2007 were as follows:

 

 

As noted above, we complied with both financial covenants at December 31, 2007 and expect to continue to remain in compliance with all such financial covenants. This line of credit expires on June 30, 2008. We believe the line of credit will be renewed at that time.

Accounts and Notes Receivable

We expend considerable effort to collect the amounts due for our services on the terms agreed upon with our clients. Many of our clients participate in programs funded by federal and state governmental agencies which historically have encountered delays in making payments to its program participants. Congress has enacted a number of laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or may alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. Because our clients’ revenues are generally reliant on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates and mechanisms, the overall effect of these laws and trends in the long term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, have resulted in and could continue to result in significant additional bad debts in the near future. Whenever possible, when a client falls behind in making agreed-upon payments, we convert the unpaid accounts receivable to interest bearing promissory notes. The promissory notes receivable provide a means by which to further evidence the amounts owed and provide a definitive repayment plan and therefore may ultimately enhance our ability to collect the amounts due. At December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, we had $9,473,000 and $13,406,000, net of reserves, respectively, of such promissory notes outstanding. Additionally, we consider restructuring service agreements from full service to management-only service in the case of certain clients experiencing financial difficulties. We believe that such restructurings may provide us with a means to maintain a relationship with the client while at the same time minimizing collection exposure.

 

We have had varying collection experience with respect to our accounts and notes receivable. When contractual terms are not met, we generally encounter difficulty in collecting amounts due from certain of our clients. Therefore, we have sometimes been required to extend the period of payment for certain clients beyond contractual terms. These clients include those who have terminated service agreements and slow payers experiencing financial difficulties. In order to provide for these collection problems and the general risk associated with the granting of credit terms, we have recorded bad debt provisions (in an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts) of $6,142,000, $622,000 and $1,425,000 in the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These provisions represent approximately 1.1%, .1% and .3%, as a percentage of total revenues for such respective periods. In making our credit evaluations, in addition to analyzing and anticipating, where possible, the specific cases described above, we consider the general collection risk associated with trends in the long-term care industry. We also establish credit limits, perform ongoing credit evaluation and monitor accounts to minimize the risk of loss. Notwithstanding our efforts to minimize credit risk exposure, our clients could be adversely affected if future industry trends change in such a manner as to negatively impact their cash flows. If our clients experience a negative impact in their cash flows, it would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

At December 31, 2007, amounts due from our Major Client represented less than 1% of our accounts receivable balance. If such client changes its payment terms, it would increase our accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and cash and cash equivalents.

 

Insurance Programs

We have a Paid Loss Retrospective Insurance Plan for general liability and workers’ compensation insurance. Under these plans, pre-determined loss limits are arranged with an insurance company to limit both our per occurrence cash outlay and annual insurance plan cost.

 

For workers’ compensation, we record a reserve based on the present value of future payments, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported, that are developed as a result of a review of our historical data and open claims. The present value of the payout is determined by applying an 8% discount factor against the estimated value of the claims over the estimated remaining pay-out period.

 

For general liability, we record a reserve for the estimated ultimate amounts to be paid for known claims. The estimated ultimate reserve amount recorded is derived from the estimated claim reserves provided by our insurance carrier reduced by an historical experience factor.

We regularly evaluate our claims’ pay-out experience, present value factor and other factors related to the nature of specific claims in arriving at the basis for our accrued insurance claims’ estimate. Our evaluation is based primarily on current information derived from reviewing our claims experience and industry trends. In the event that our claims experience and/or industry trends result in an unfavorable change, it would have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

 

Capital Expenditures

The level of capital expenditures is generally dependent on the number of new clients obtained. Such capital expenditures primarily consist of housekeeping equipment purchases, laundry and linen equipment installations, and computer hardware and software. Although we have no specific material commitments for capital expenditures through the end of calendar year 2008, we estimate that for the period we will have capital expenditures of $2,000,000 to $3,000,000 in connection with housekeeping equipment purchases and laundry and linen equipment installations in our clients’ facilities, as well as expenditures relating to internal data processing hardware and software requirements. We believe that our cash from operations, existing cash and cash equivalents balance and credit line will be adequate for the foreseeable future to satisfy the needs of our operations and to fund our anticipated growth. However, should these sources not be sufficient, we would, if necessary, seek to obtain necessary working capital from such sources as long-term debt or equity financing.

 

Material Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no material off-balance sheet arrangements, other than our irrevocable standby letter of credit previously discussed.

 

Effects of Inflation

Although there can be no assurance thereof, we believe that in most instances we will be able to recover increases in costs attributable to inflation by passing through such cost increases to our clients.

Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

We do not utilize financial instruments for trading purposes and hold no derivative financial instruments, other financial instruments or derivative commodity instruments that could expose us to significant market risk. Our primary market risk exposure with regard to financial instruments is to changes in interest rates, which would impact interest income earned on investments.

 

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

The Stockholders and Board of Directors of

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 

As discussed in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment as of January 1, 2006, in connection with the adoption of SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements”. Also, as discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for share-based compensation effective January 1, 2006 in connection with the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Shared-Based Payment”.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Healthcare Services Group Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated February 12, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion.

 

 

Edison, New Jersey

February 12, 2008

 

The management of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. (“Healthcare” or the “Company”), is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the Company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the Company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and includes those policies and procedures that:

 

1. Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;

 

2. Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

 

3. Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

The Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.

 

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting, as prescribed above, for the period covered by this report. Based on our evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 is effective as a whole.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

The Company’s independent auditors have audited, and reported on, the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. This report appears on page 31.

 

 

The Stockholders and Board of Directors of

Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

 

We have audited Healthcare Services Group, Inc.’s (a Delaware Corporation) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Healthcare Services Group, Inc.’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’ Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on Healthcare Services Group, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Healthcare Services Group, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and our report dated February 12, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

Edison, New Jersey

February 12, 2008

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

See accompanying notes

 

 

See accompanying notes.

 

 

Nature of Operations

We provide housekeeping, laundry, linen, facility maintenance and food services to the health care industry, including nursing homes, retirement complexes, rehabilitation centers and hospitals located throughout the United States. We believe that we are the largest provider of housekeeping and laundry services to the long-term care industry in the United States rendering such services to approximately 2,100 facilities in 47 states as of December 31, 2007. Although we do not directly participate in any government reimbursement programs, our clients’ reimbursements are subject to government regulation. Therefore, they are directly affected by any legislation relating to Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement programs.

 

We provide our services primarily pursuant to full service agreements with our clients. In such agreements, we are responsible for the management and hourly employees located at our clients’ facilities. We also provide services on the basis of a management-only agreement for a very limited number of clients. Our agreements with clients typically provide for a one year service term, cancelable by either party upon 30 to 90 days notice after the initial 90-day period.

 

On September 18, 2006 (effective as of August 31, 2006) we acquired Summit Services Group, Inc (“Summit”). The Summit results of operations for the period September 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006 are included in our consolidated results of operations and financial information presented. On January 1, 2007 all of Summit’s operations were fully integrated into our operations.

 

We are organized into two reportable segments; housekeeping, laundry, linen and other services (“Housekeeping”), and food services (“Food”).

 

The services provided by Housekeeping consist primarily of the cleaning, disinfecting and sanitizing of patient rooms and common areas of a client’s facility, as well as the laundering and processing of the personal clothing belonging to the facility’s patients. Also within the scope of this segment’s service is the laundering and processing of the bed linens, uniforms and other assorted linen items utilized by a client facility. Food, which began operations in 1997, consists of providing for the development of a menu that meets the patient’s dietary needs, and the purchasing and preparing of the food for delivery to the patients.

 

In addition to Summit, we operate two wholly-owned subsidiaries, HCSG Supply, Inc. (“Supply”) and Huntingdon Holdings, Inc (“Huntingdon”). Supply purchases, warehouses and distributes the supplies and equipment used in providing our Housekeeping segment services. Huntingdon invests our cash and cash equivalents.

 

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Healthcare Services Group, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Summit Services Group, Inc., HCSG Supply, Inc. and Huntingdon Holdings, Inc. after elimination of intercompany transactions and balances.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of short-term, highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less at time of purchase.

 

Inventories and Supplies

Inventories and supplies include housekeeping, linen and laundry supplies, as well as food provisions. Inventories and supplies are stated at cost to approximate a first-in, first-out (FIFO) basis. Linen supplies are amortized over a 24 month period.

 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Additions, renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repair costs are expensed when incurred. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of,

the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in income. Depreciation is provided by the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives: laundry and linen equipment installations—3 to 7 years; housekeeping and office equipment—3 to 7 years; autos and trucks—3 years.

 

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from our service agreements with clients are recognized as services are performed.

 

As a distributor of laundry equipment, we occasionally sell laundry installations to certain clients. The sales in most cases represent the construction and installation of a turn-key operation and are for payment terms ranging from 24 to 60 months. Our accounting policy for these sales is to recognize the gross profit over the life of the payments associated with our financing of the transactions. During 2007, 2006 and 2005 laundry installation sales were not material.

 

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes has been determined using the asset and liability approach of accounting for income taxes. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted.

 

In accordance with SFAS 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” (“SFAS No. 109”), deferred tax assets should be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The future realization of our net deferred tax assets depends on the availability of sufficient future taxable income. In making this determination, we considered all available positive and negative evidence and made certain assumptions. We considered, among other things, the overall business environment and our historical earnings. We performed this analysis as of December 31, 2007 and determined that there was sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be realized. We will assess the need for a deferred tax asset valuation allowance on an ongoing basis considering factors such as those mentioned above, as well as other relevant criteria.

 

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share reflects the weighted-average common shares outstanding and dilutive common shares, such as those issuable upon exercise of stock options.

 

Share-Based Compensation

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 123R, “Share-Based Payment”, (“SFAS No. 123R” or the “Statement”). This Statement is a revision of SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (“SFAS 123”), and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB No. 25”) and its related implementation guidance. On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123R using the modified prospective method. Therefore, financial results for prior periods have not been adjusted. SFAS No. 123R focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The Statement requires entities to recognize compensation expense for awards of equity instruments to employees based on the grant-date fair value of those awards (with limited exceptions). SFAS No. 123R also requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation expense to be reported as financing cash flows, rather than as an operating cash flow as prescribed under the prior accounting rules. This requirement reduces net operating cash flows and increases net financing cash flows in periods after adoption. Total cash flow remains unchanged from what would have been reported under prior accounting rules.

Prior to the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, we followed the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB No. 25 to account for our employee stock options and share purchase rights. Accordingly, no compensation expense was recognized for share purchase rights granted in connection with the issuance of stock options under any of our Stock Option Plans, or through our 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) for periods ended prior to January 1, 2006. The adoption of SFAS No. 123R primarily resulted in a change in our method of recognizing the fair value of share-based compensation. Specifically, the adoption of SFAS No. 123R has resulted in our recording compensation expense for employee stock options and ESPP rights.

 

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed when incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, advertising costs were not material.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We account for long-lived assets in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”. We periodically review the carrying amounts of long-lived assets to determine whether current events or circumstances warrant adjustment to such carrying amounts. Any impairment is measured by the amount that the carrying value of such assets exceeds their fair value, primarily based on estimated discounted cash flows. Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate the fair value of assets. Assets to be disposed of are carried at the lower of their financial statement carrying amount or fair value, less cost to sell.

 

Identifiable Intangible Assets and Goodwill

We apply the provisions of SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations” and SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” in accounting for our goodwill and other identifiable intangible assets. SFAS No. 141 addresses the initial recognition and measurement of goodwill and other intangible assets acquired in a business combination. SFAS No. 142 addresses the initial recognition and measurement of intangible assets acquired outside of a business combination, whether acquired individually or with a group of other assets, and the accounting and reporting for goodwill and other intangible assets subsequent to their acquisition.

 

Identifiable intangible assets with finite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective lives.

 

We review the carrying values of identifiable assets with indefinite lives and goodwill at least annually to assess impairment because these assets are not amortized. Additionally, we review the carrying value of any intangible asset or goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. We assess impairment by comparing the fair value of an identifiable intangible asset or goodwill with its carrying value. Impairments are expensed when incurred.

 

Treasury Stock

Treasury stock purchases are accounted for under the cost method whereby the entire cost of the acquired stock is recorded as treasury stock. Gains or losses on the subsequent reissuance of shares are credited or charged to additional paid in capital.

 

Three-for-Two Stock Splits

On July 17, 2007 our Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split in the form of a 50% common stock dividend which was paid on August 10, 2007 to shareholders of record at the close of business on August 3, 2007. Additionally, on April 19, 2005, our Board of Directors declared a three-for-two stock split in the form of a 50% common stock dividend which was paid on May 2, 2005 to shareholders of record at the close of business on April 29, 2005. All share and per common share information for all periods presented have been adjusted to reflect the three-for-two stock splits.

 

Use of Estimates in Financial Statements

In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of

revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates are used for, but not limited to, our allowance for doubtful accounts, accrued insurance claims, asset valuations and review for potential impairment, and deferred tax benefits. The estimates are based upon various factors including current and historical trends, as well as other pertinent industry and regulatory authority information. We regularly evaluate this information to determine if it is necessary to update the basis for our estimates and to compensate for known changes.

 

Concentrations of Credit Risk

SFAS No. 105, “Disclosure of Information about Financial Instruments with Off-Balance-Sheet Risk and Financial Instruments with Concentrations of Credit Risk”, requires the disclosure of significant concentrations of credit risk, regardless of the degree of such risk. Financial instruments, as defined by SFAS No. 105, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts and notes receivable. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents were invested with one large financial institution located in the United States.

 

Our clients are concentrated in the health care industry, primarily providers of long-term care. Many of our clients’ revenues are highly contingent on Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement funding rates. Congress has enacted a number of major laws during the past decade that have significantly altered, or threatened to alter, overall government reimbursement for nursing home services. These changes and lack of substantive reimbursement funding rate reform legislation, as well as other trends in the long-term care industry have affected and could adversely affect the liquidity of our clients, resulting in their inability to make payments to us on agreed upon payment terms. These factors, in addition to delays in payments from clients, have resulted in, and could continue to result in, significant additional bad debts in the near future.

 

Major Client

Our Major Client’s percentage contribution to revenues and accounts receivable balances is summarized below:

 

 

Our Major Client completed its previously announced merger on March 14, 2006. Our relationship with the successor entity remains under the same terms and conditions as established prior to the merger. Although we expect to continue the relationship with this client, there can be no assurance thereof. The loss of such client, or a significant reduction in the revenues we receive from this client, would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of our two operating segments. In addition, if such client changes its payment terms it would increase our accounts receivable balance and have a material adverse effect on our cash flows and cash and cash equivalents.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying value of financial instruments (principally consisting of cash and cash equivalents, accounts and notes receivable and accounts payable) approximate fair value based on their short-term nature. We estimate the fair value of our other financial instruments, such as deferred compensation funding, through the use of public market prices, quotes from financial institutions and other available information.

 

We have certain notes receivable that either do not bear interest or bear interest at a below market rate. Therefore, such notes receivable of $2,449,000 and $3,201,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively, have been discounted to their present value and are reported at such values of $2,301,000 and $2,698,000 at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (“SFAS No. 157”). Among other requirements, SFAS No. 157 defines fair value and establishes a framework for measuring fair value and also expands disclosure about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities. SFAS No. 157 is effective beginning the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. We are required to adopt SFAS no. 157 on January 1, 2008. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of this interpretation.

 

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“SFAS No. 159”), which permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. This election is irrevocable. SFAS No. 159 will be effective in the first quarter of fiscal 2008. We are currently assessing the potential impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 159 will have on our financial statements.

 

In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes” (“FIN 48”), an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”. FIN 48 requires that a position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not (i.e. a likelihood of more than fifty percent) that the position would be sustained upon examination by tax authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than fifty percent likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The effective date for the Company is January 1, 2007. Upon adoption, the cumulative effect of applying the recognition and measurement provisions of FIN 48, if any, shall be reflected as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB Statement 141R, “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141R”) was issued. SFAS 141R replaces SFAS 141. SFAS 141R requires the acquirer of a business to recognize and measure the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree at fair value. SFAS 141R also requires transactions costs related to the business combination to be expensed as incurred. SFAS 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The effective date for the Company will be January 1, 2009. We have not yet determined the impact of SFAS 141R related to future acquisitions, if any, on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

On September 18, 2006, effective as of August 31, 2006, our wholly-owned subsidiary HCSG Merger, Inc acquired 100% of the common stock of Summit Services Group, Inc (“Summit”) in a transaction accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. Summit is a provider of professional housekeeping, laundry and food services to long-term care and related facilities. We believe the acquisition of Summit expands and compliments our position of being the largest provider of such services to the long-term care industry in the United States. In conjunction with the acquisition, the aggregate consideration to the Summit shareholders was comprised of a cash payment of approximately $9,460,000 and the issuing of approximately 554,000 shares of our common stock to such selling shareholders of Summit (valued at approximately $8,516,000). Additionally as of December 31, 2007, we incurred transactions costs of approximately $477,000, consisting primarily of accounting and legal fees, as well as unrealized income tax benefits recorded by Summit prior to the acquisition. In addition to the consideration paid, certain former shareholder/employees of Summit entered into employment agreements with us pursuant to which each former shareholder/employee is to receive a stated annual salary. As of January 1, 2007, Summit’s operations were fully integrated into Healthcare Services Group, Inc.

 

We have allocated the purchase price, as detailed below, to the Summit assets acquired and liabilities assumed at estimated fair market values, considering a number of factors, including the use of an independent appraisal.

 

 

The determination of the components of the $7,500,000 of acquired Identifiable Intangible Assets listed in the above table as of the acquisition date are as follows; $6,700,000 was assigned to Customer Relationships which have a weighted-average amortization period of seven years and $800,000 was assigned to Non-compete Agreements with a weighted-average amortization period of eight years. In 2007 and 2006, we recorded amortization expense related to the Identified Intangible Assets of approximately $1,057,000 and $352,000, respectively. The Goodwill has an indefinite life and, accordingly, is not being amortized, but will be subject to periodic impairment testing at future periods in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”. The acquired goodwill is allocated to Housekeeping and Food in the amounts of $12,008,000 and $1,401,000, respectively. The estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years is as follows: