Form 10-Q






UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2011
 
Commission file number 1-5805

JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of
(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)
Identification No.)
 
 
270 Park Avenue, New York, New York
10017
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)

(212) 270-6000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
T Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
T Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer T Accelerated filer o .
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) o Smaller reporting company o .

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o Yes T No
 
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of July 31, 2011: 3,899,050,011
 



FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
Page
Part I - Financial information
 
Item 1
 
 
98
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010

99
 
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income
(unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010

100
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the six months ended
June 30, 2011 and 2010

101
 
102
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
183
 
Consolidated Average Balance Sheets, Interest and Rates (unaudited) for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010

184
 
186
Item 2
 
 
3
 
4
 
6
 
11
 
14
 
17
 
48
 
49
 
52
 
57
 
61
 
92
 
92
 
96
 
97
Item 3
191
Item 4
191
Part II - Other information
 
Item 1
192
Item 1A
192
Item 2
193
Item 3
195
Item 5
195
Item 6
195


2






JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(unaudited)
(in millions, except per share, headcount and ratio data)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
As of or for the period ended,
 
2Q11
 
1Q11
 
4Q10
 
3Q10
 
2Q10
 
2011
 
2010
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
 
$
26,779

 
$
25,221

 
$
26,098

 
$
23,824

 
$
25,101

 
$
52,000

 
$
52,772

Total noninterest expense
 
16,842

 
15,995

 
16,043

 
14,398

 
14,631

 
32,837

 
30,755

Pre-provision profit(a)
 
9,937

 
9,226

 
10,055

 
9,426

 
10,470

 
19,163

 
22,017

Provision for credit losses
 
1,810

 
1,169

 
3,043

 
3,223

 
3,363

 
2,979

 
10,373

Income before income tax expense
 
8,127

 
8,057

 
7,012

 
6,203

 
7,107

 
16,184

 
11,644

Income tax expense
 
2,696

 
2,502

 
2,181

 
1,785

 
2,312

 
5,198

 
3,523

Net income
 
$
5,431

 
$
5,555

 
$
4,831

 
$
4,418

 
$
4,795

 
$
10,986

 
$
8,121

Per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income per share: Basic
 
$
1.28

 
$
1.29

 
$
1.13

 
$
1.02

 
$
1.10

 
$
2.57

 
$
1.84

Diluted
 
1.27

 
1.28

 
1.12

 
1.01

 
1.09

 
2.55

 
1.83

Cash dividends declared per share(b)
 
0.25

 
0.25

 
0.05

 
0.05

 
0.05

 
0.50

 
0.10

Book value per share
 
44.77

 
43.34

 
43.04

 
42.29

 
40.99

 
44.77

 
40.99

Common shares outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average: Basic
 
3,958.4

 
3,981.6

 
3,917.0

 
3,954.3

 
3,983.5

 
3,970.0

 
3,977.0

Diluted
 
3,983.2

 
4,014.1

 
3,935.2

 
3,971.9

 
4,005.6

 
3,998.6

 
4,000.2

Common shares at period-end
 
3,910.2

 
3,986.6

 
3,910.3

 
3,925.8

 
3,975.8

 
3,910.2

 
3,975.8

Share price(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High
 
$
47.80

 
$
48.36

 
$
43.12

 
$
41.70

 
$
48.20

 
$
48.36

 
$
48.20

Low
 
39.24

 
42.65

 
36.21

 
35.16

 
36.51

 
39.24

 
36.51

Close
 
40.94

 
46.10

 
42.42

 
38.06

 
36.61

 
40.94

 
36.61

Market capitalization
 
160,083

 
183,783

 
165,875

 
149,418

 
145,554

 
160,083

 
145,554

Selected ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity (“ROE”)
 
12
%
 
13
%
 
11
%
 
10
%
 
12
%
 
13
%
 
10
%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)
 
17

 
18

 
16

 
15

 
17

 
18

 
15

Return on assets (“ROA”)
 
0.99

 
1.07

 
0.92

 
0.86

 
0.94

 
1.03

 
0.80

Overhead ratio
 
63

 
63

 
61

 
60

 
58

 
63

 
58

Deposits-to-loans ratio
 
152

 
145

 
134

 
131

 
127

 
152

 
127

Tier 1 capital ratio
 
12.4

 
12.3

 
12.1

 
11.9

 
12.1

 
 
 
 
Total capital ratio
 
15.7

 
15.6

 
15.5

 
15.4

 
15.8

 
 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio
 
7.0

 
7.2

 
7.0

 
7.1

 
6.9

 
 
 
 
Tier 1 common capital ratio(d)
 
10.1

 
10.0

 
9.8

 
9.5

 
9.6

 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets
 
$
458,722

 
$
501,148

 
$
489,892

 
$
475,515

 
$
397,508

 
$
458,722

 
$
397,508

Securities
 
324,741

 
334,800

 
316,336

 
340,168

 
312,013

 
324,741

 
312,013

Loans
 
689,736

 
685,996

 
692,927

 
690,531

 
699,483

 
689,736

 
699,483

Total assets
 
2,246,764

 
2,198,161

 
2,117,605

 
2,141,595

 
2,014,019

 
2,246,764

 
2,014,019

Deposits
 
1,048,685

 
995,829

 
930,369

 
903,138

 
887,805

 
1,048,685

 
887,805

Long-term debt(e)
 
279,228

 
269,616

 
270,653

 
271,495

 
260,442

 
279,228

 
260,442

Common stockholders’ equity
 
175,079

 
172,798

 
168,306

 
166,030

 
162,968

 
175,079

 
162,968

Total stockholders' equity
 
182,879

 
180,598

 
176,106

 
173,830

 
171,120

 
182,879

 
171,120

Headcount
 
250,095

 
242,929

 
239,831

 
236,810

 
232,939

 
250,095

 
232,939

Credit quality metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
$
29,146

 
$
30,438

 
$
32,983

 
$
35,034

 
$
36,748

 
$
29,146

 
$
36,748

Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans
 
4.16
%
 
4.40
%
 
4.71
%
 
4.97
%
 
5.15
%
 
4.16
%
 
5.15
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans excluding purchased credit-impaired loans(f)
 
3.83

 
4.10

 
4.46

 
5.12

 
5.34

 
3.83

 
5.34

Nonperforming assets
 
$
13,240

 
$
14,986

 
$
16,557

 
$
17,656

 
$
18,156

 
$
13,240

 
$
18,156

Net charge-offs(g)
 
3,103

 
3,720

 
5,104

 
4,945

 
5,714

 
6,823

 
13,624

Net charge-off rate(g)
 
1.83
%
 
2.22
%
 
2.95
%
 
2.84
%
 
3.28
%
 
2.02
%
 
3.88
%
Wholesale net charge-off rate
 
0.14

 
0.30

 
0.49

 
0.49

 
0.44

 
0.21

 
1.14

Consumer net charge-off rate(g)
 
2.74

 
3.18

 
4.12

 
3.90

 
4.49

 
2.96

 
5.03

(a)    Pre-provision profit is total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
(b)
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors increased the Firm's quarterly common stock dividend from $0.05 to $0.25 per share.
(c)
Share prices shown for JPMorgan Chase’s common stock are from the New York Stock Exchange. JPMorgan Chase's common stock is also listed and traded on the London Stock Exchange and the Tokyo Stock Exchange.
(d)
Tier 1 common capital ratio (“Tier 1 common ratio”) is Tier 1 common divided by risk-weighted assets. The Firm uses Tier 1 common capital (“Tier 1 common”) along with the other capital measures to assess and monitor its capital position. For further discussion, see Regulatory capital on pages 57–60 of this Form 10-Q.
(e)
Effective January 1, 2011, the long-term portion of advances from Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) was reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. Prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(f)
Excludes the impact of home lending purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans. For further discussion, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 86–88 of this Form 10-Q.
(g)
Net charge-offs and net charge-off rates for the fourth quarter of 2010 include the effect of $632 million of charge-offs related to the estimated net realizable value of the collateral underlying delinquent residential home loans. Because these losses were previously recognized in the provision and allowance for loan losses, this adjustment had no impact on the Firm's net income.

3





MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section of the Form 10-Q provides management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”). See the Glossary of terms on pages 186–189 for definitions of terms used throughout this Form 10-Q. The MD&A included in this Form 10-Q contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Firm’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements. For a discussion of such risks and uncertainties, see Forward-looking Statements on page 97 and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 192193 of this Form 10-Q, and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 5–12 of JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“2010 Annual Report” or “2010 Form 10-K”), to which reference is hereby made.
INTRODUCTION
JPMorgan Chase & Co., a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with $2.2 trillion in assets, $182.9 billion in stockholders’ equity and operations in more than 60 countries as of June 30, 2011. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small business, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S. and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), a national bank with branches in 23 states in the U.S.; and Chase Bank USA, National Association (“Chase Bank USA, N.A.”), a national bank that is the Firm’s credit card issuing bank. JPMorgan Chase’s principal nonbank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMorgan Securities”), the Firm’s U.S. investment banking firm.
JPMorgan Chase’s activities are organized, for management reporting purposes, into six business segments, as well as Corporate/Private Equity. The Firm’s wholesale businesses comprise the Investment Bank, Commercial Banking, Treasury & Securities Services and Asset Management segments. The Firms consumer businesses comprise the Retail Financial Services and Card Services segments. A description of the Firm’s business segments, and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases, follows.
Investment Bank
J.P. Morgan is one of the world’s leading investment banks, with deep client relationships and broad product capabilities. The clients of the Investment Bank (“IB”) are corporations, financial institutions, governments and institutional investors. The Firm offers a full range of investment banking products and services in all major capital markets, including advising on corporate strategy and structure, capital-raising in equity and debt markets, sophisticated risk management, market-making in cash securities and derivative instruments, prime brokerage, and research.
Retail Financial Services
Retail Financial Services (“RFS”) serves consumers and businesses through personal service at bank branches and through ATMs, online banking and telephone banking, as well as through auto dealerships and school financial-aid offices. Customers can use more than 5,300 bank branches (third-largest nationally) and more than 16,400 ATMs (second-largest nationally), as well as online and mobile banking around the clock. More than 30,900 branch salespeople assist customers with checking and savings accounts, mortgages, home equity and business loans, and investments across the 23-state footprint from New York and Florida to California. Consumers also can obtain loans through more than 16,500 auto dealerships and can get student loans certified by more than 1,900 schools and universities nationwide.
Card Services
Card Services (“CS”) is one of the nation’s largest credit card issuers, with over $125 billion in loans and over 65 million open accounts. In the six months ended June 30, 2011, customers used Chase cards to meet $163 billion of their spending needs. Through its merchant acquiring business, Chase Paymentech Solutions, CS is a global leader in payment processing and merchant acquiring.
Commercial Banking
Commercial Banking (“CB”) delivers extensive industry knowledge, local expertise and dedicated service to nearly 25,000 clients nationally, including corporations, municipalities, financial institutions and not-for-profit entities with annual revenue generally ranging from $10 million to $2 billion, and nearly 35,000 real estate investors/owners. CB partners with the Firm’s other businesses to provide comprehensive solutions, including lending, treasury services, investment banking and asset management, to meet its clients’ domestic and international financial needs.

4





Treasury & Securities Services
Treasury & Securities Services (“TSS”) is a global leader in transaction, investment and information services. TSS is one of the world’s largest cash management providers and a leading global custodian. Treasury Services (“TS”) provides cash management, trade, wholesale card and liquidity products and services to small- and mid-sized companies, multinational corporations, financial institutions and government entities. TS partners with IB, CB, RFS and Asset Management businesses to serve clients firmwide. Certain TS revenue is included in other segments’ results. Worldwide Securities Services holds, values, clears and services securities, cash and alternative investments for investors and broker-dealers, and manages depositary receipt programs globally.
Asset Management
Asset Management (“AM”), with assets under supervision of $1.9 trillion, is a global leader in investment and wealth management. AM clients include institutions, retail investors and high-net-worth individuals in every major market throughout the world. AM offers global investment management in equities, fixed income, real estate, hedge funds, private equity and liquidity products, including money-market instruments and bank deposits. AM also provides trust and estate, banking and brokerage services to high-net-worth clients, and retirement services for corporations and individuals. The majority of AM’s client assets are in actively managed portfolios.


5





EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of MD&A highlights selected information and may not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of events, trends and uncertainties, as well as the capital, liquidity, credit and market risks, and the critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm and its various lines of business, this Form 10-Q should be read in its entirety.
Economic environment
The U.S. economic recovery continued in the second quarter of 2011, though the pace seemed to have slowed, due, in part, to the major disruptions in the global supply chain for the auto industry as a result of the earthquake and tsunami in Japan and the sharp rise in oil prices during the first half of the year. Labor market indicators were weaker than anticipated in the second quarter and the struggling housing and construction sectors remained depressed. However, household spending and business investment in equipment and software continued to expand.
To promote a faster pace of economic recovery, the Federal Reserve maintained its existing policy of reinvesting principal payments from its securities holdings and completed the purchase of $600 billion of longer-term Treasury securities in the second quarter. The Federal Reserve also held the target range for the federal funds rate at zero to one-quarter percent and continued to indicate that economic conditions were likely to warrant a low federal funds rate for an extended period.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
$
26,779

 
$
25,101

 
7
 %
 
$
52,000

 
$
52,772

 
(1
)%
Total noninterest expense
16,842

 
14,631

 
15

 
32,837

 
30,755

 
7

Pre-provision profit
9,937

 
10,470

 
(5
)
 
19,163

 
22,017

 
(13
)
Provision for credit losses
1,810

 
3,363

 
(46
)
 
2,979

 
10,373

 
(71
)
Net income
5,431

 
4,795

 
13

 
10,986

 
8,121

 
35

Diluted earnings per share
1.27

 
1.09

 
17

 
2.55

 
1.83

 
39

Return on common equity
12
%
 
12
%
 
 
 
13
%
 
10
%
 
 
Capital ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 capital
12.4

 
12.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 common
10.1

 
9.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Business overview
JPMorgan Chase reported second-quarter 2011 net income of $5.4 billion, or $1.27 per share, on net revenue of $26.8 billion. Net income was up 13% compared with net income of $4.8 billion, or $1.09 per share, in the second quarter of 2010. ROE for the quarter was 12%, unchanged from the prior year. Current-quarter results included a $1.0 billion pretax ($0.15 per share after-tax) benefit from a reduction in the allowance for loan losses in Card Services; an $837 million pretax ($0.12 per share after-tax) benefit from securities gains in Corporate; a $1.0 billion pretax ($0.15 per share after-tax) expense for estimated costs of foreclosure-related matters in Retail Financial Services; and $1.3 billion pretax ($0.19 per share after-tax) of additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage-related matters, in Corporate.
The increase in net income for the second quarter of 2011 was driven by higher net revenue and a significantly lower provision for credit losses, largely offset by higher noninterest expense. Net revenue growth resulted from higher levels of principal transactions revenue, investment banking fees and asset management, administration and commissions revenue, partially offset by lower net interest income and lower securities gains. The decrease in the provision for credit losses reflected improvement in the credit environment. The increase in noninterest expense was driven by higher noncompensation expense due to additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage-related matters, and expense for the estimated costs of foreclosure-related matters.
The Firm’s second-quarter results reflected strong earnings and solid client flows in the Investment Bank, record revenue and continued loan growth in Commercial Banking, and solid performance across most other businesses. Retail Banking within Retail Financial Services continued to demonstrate good underlying performance, but RFS overall continued to be negatively affected by high expenses for mortgage-related issues, including a $1.0 billion expense for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters. Results for the second quarter also reflected continued improvement in credit trends across the consumer and wholesale portfolios. With respect to the credit card portfolio, delinquencies and net charge-offs improved, and the Firm reduced loan loss reserves by $1.0 billion as estimated losses declined. With respect to the mortgage portfolio, delinquency and net charge-off trends improved modestly compared with the prior quarter; however, net charge-offs remained high, and credit losses are expected to remain elevated.


6





JPMorgan Chase’s balance sheet remained strong, ending the second quarter with a Basel I Tier 1 Common ratio of 10.1%. This strong and growing capital base enabled the Firm to repurchase $3.5 billion of common stock during the quarter. Total firmwide credit reserves at quarter-end were $29.1 billion, resulting in a firmwide loan loss coverage ratio of 3.83%, excluding purchased credit-impaired loans. Total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2011, was $182.9 billion.
Net income for the first six months of 2011 was $11.0 billion, or $2.55 per share, compared with $8.1 billion, or $1.83 per share, in the first half of 2010. The increase was driven by a significantly lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense and lower net revenue. The lower provision for credit losses reflected an improved credit environment. The modest decline in net revenue for the first six months of the year was driven by lower net interest income, mortgage fees and related income and securities gains, largely offset by higher levels of principal transactions revenue, investment banking fees and asset management, administration and commissions revenue. The increase in noninterest expense compared with the first six months of 2010 was driven by expenses taken for the estimated costs of foreclosure-related matters in RFS and higher compensation expense.
During the first six months of 2011, JPMorgan Chase provided credit to and raised capital of over $990 billion for its clients. The Firm originated mortgages to more than 360,000 people; provided credit cards to approximately 4.6 million people; lent or increased credit to more than 16,800 small businesses; lent to more than 800 not-for-profit and government entities, including states, municipalities, hospitals and universities; extended or increased loan limits to approximately 3,000 middle-market companies; and lent to or raised capital for more than 5,000 other corporations. JPMorgan Chase is the #1 Small Business Administration lender in the U.S. with more loans made than any other lender. In 2009 and 2010, the Firm lent more than $7 billion and $10 billion, respectively, to small businesses, and has committed to lend at least $12 billion in 2011. The Firm remains committed to helping homeowners and preventing foreclosures; since the beginning of 2009, JPMorgan Chase has offered 1,177,000 trial modifications to struggling homeowners.
The discussion that follows highlights the performance of each business segment compared with the prior-year quarter and presents results on a managed basis. For more information about managed basis, as well as other non-GAAP financial measures used by management to evaluate the performance of each line of business, see pages 14–16 of this Form 10-Q.
Investment Bank net income increased from the prior year, reflecting higher net revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by a lower benefit from the provision for credit losses. The increase in net revenue was largely driven by higher investment banking fees and solid client revenue in Fixed Income and Equity Markets. Credit Portfolio revenue was a loss, primarily reflecting the negative net impact of credit-related valuation adjustments, largely offset by net interest income and fees on retained loans. The provision for credit losses was a smaller benefit in the second quarter of 2011 compared with the second quarter of 2010 and reflected a reduction in the allowance for loan losses, largely due to net repayments. Noninterest expense decreased, driven by lower compensation expense. The prior-year results included the impact of the U.K. Bank Payroll Tax.
Retail Financial Services net income decreased compared with the prior year as higher noninterest expense was largely offset by a lower provision for credit losses and higher net revenue. The increase in net revenue was driven by higher mortgage fees and related income, deposit balances, debit card income, deposit-related fees and investment sales revenue, partially offset by lower loan balances due to portfolio runoff. The provision for credit losses decreased, as delinquency trends and net charge-offs modestly improved compared with the prior year. However, the current-quarter provision continued to reflect elevated losses in the mortgage and home equity portfolios. Noninterest expense increased, driven by elevated foreclosure and default-related costs, including $1.0 billion for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters.
Card Services net income increased compared with the second quarter of 2010 driven by a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower net revenue. The decrease in net revenue was driven by a decline in net interest income, reflecting lower average loan balances (including the impact of the Kohl’s portfolio sale), the impact of legislative changes and a decreased level of fees. These decreases were largely offset by lower revenue reversals associated with lower net charge-offs. The provision for credit losses decreased from the prior year, reflecting lower net charge-offs and a $1.0 billion reduction in the allowance for loan losses due to lower estimated losses. Noninterest expense increased, due to higher marketing expense and the inclusion of the Commercial Card business. Sales volume, excluding the Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios, was $83.1 billion, an increase of 10% from the prior year.
Commercial Banking net income decreased, driven by an increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by record net revenue. Record net revenue was driven by growth in liability balances, wider loan spreads, higher investment banking revenue and growth in loan balances, partially offset by spread compression on liability products. The provision for credit losses was an expense compared with a benefit in the prior-year. Noninterest expense increased, primarily reflecting higher headcount-related expense. End-of-period loans of $102.7 billion, up 7% compared with the second quarter 2010, have increased for four consecutive quarters. Average liability balances of $162.8 billion have increased 19% from the second quarter 2010.
Treasury & Securities Services net income increased from the prior year, driven by higher net revenue and the credit allocation benefit related to the Global Corporate Bank (“GCB”), partially offset by higher noninterest expense. Worldwide Securities Services net revenue increased, driven by higher market levels, higher net interest income and net inflows of assets under custody. Assets

7





under custody were a record $16.9 trillion, an increase of 14% from the prior year. Treasury Services net revenue was relatively flat as higher trade loan volumes and higher deposit balances were largely offset by the effect of the transfer of the Commercial Card business to CS and lower spreads on deposits. Higher noninterest expense was driven by continued investment in new product platforms, primarily related to international expansion, partially offset by the transfer of the Commercial Card business to CS.
Asset Management net income increased from the prior year, reflecting higher net revenue, predominantly offset by higher noninterest expense. The growth in net revenue was driven by the effect of higher market levels, net inflows to products with higher margins, higher valuations of seed capital investments, higher deposit and loan balances, and higher performance fees. The increase in revenue was partially offset by narrower deposit spreads. Assets under supervision of $1.9 trillion increased 17% from the prior year due to the effect of higher market levels and net inflows to long-term products, partially offset by net outflows from liquidity products. Noninterest expense increased, largely resulting from an increase in headcount and higher performance-based compensation.
Corporate/Private Equity net income decreased compared with the second quarter of 2010. Private equity revenue increased, primarily driven by gains on sales and net increases in investment valuations. Net interest income and securities gains decreased from the prior year. Noninterest expense was higher and included $1.3 billion of additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage-related matters. Noninterest expense in the prior year included $694 million of additional litigation reserves.
2011 Business outlook
The following forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Firm’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements. See Forward-Looking Statements on page 97 and Risk Factors on pages 192–193 of this Form 10-Q.
JPMorgan Chase’s outlook for the second half of 2011 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies, financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these linked factors will affect the performance of the Firm and its lines of business.
In the Mortgage Banking, Auto & Other Consumer Lending business within RFS, if mortgage interest rates remain at current levels or rise in the future, management anticipates that loan production and margins will be negatively affected, resulting in lower revenue for this business for full-year 2011 when compared with 2010. In addition, revenue in 2011 will continue to be negatively affected by continued elevated levels of repurchases of mortgages previously sold, predominantly to U.S. government-sponsored entities (“GSEs”). Management estimates that realized repurchase losses could be approximately $1.2 billion on an annualized basis for the remainder of 2011.
The Firm expects noninterest expense in Mortgage Banking, Auto & Other Consumer Lending to remain, for the remainder of the year, at elevated levels similar to those incurred in the first half of 2011 (excluding the $1.7 billion expense incurred during the first half of 2011 for various estimated costs related to foreclosure delays and potential settlements with federal and state officials). These higher levels of noninterest expense are expected in light of increased servicing costs to enhance the Firm’s mortgage servicing processes, particularly loan modification and foreclosure procedures, and comply with the Consent Orders entered into with the banking regulators. (See Enhancements to Mortgage Servicing on pages 84–85 and Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q for further information about the Consent Orders.) It is also possible that the Firm will incur additional fees and assessments related to foreclosure delays as well as other costs in connection with the potential settlement of the governmental investigations related to the Firm’s mortgage servicing procedures.
In the Real Estate Portfolios business within RFS, management believes that, based on the current outlook for delinquencies and loss severity, total quarterly net charge-offs could be approximately $1.2 billion. Given current origination and production levels, combined with management’s current estimate of portfolio runoff levels, the residential real estate portfolio is expected to decline by approximately 10% to 15% annually for the foreseeable future. The annual reduction in the residential real estate portfolio is expected to reduce net interest income in each period, including a reduction of approximately $700 million for full-year 2011 from the 2010 level, assuming no changes in interest rates during the year. However, over time, the reduction in net interest income is expected to be more than offset by an improvement in credit costs and lower expenses. As the portfolio continues to run off, management anticipates that approximately $1.0 billion of capital may become available for redeployment each year, subject to the capital requirements associated with the remaining portfolio.
In CS, given current high repayment rates, management expects end-of-period outstandings for the Chase portfolio (excluding the Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios) could be between $115 billion and $120 billion by the end of 2011. Management estimates that the Washington Mutual portfolio could decline to $10 billion by the end of 2011.
Net charge-off rates for both the Chase and Washington Mutual credit card portfolios are anticipated to continue to improve. If current delinquency trends continue, management anticipates the net charge-off rate for the Chase portfolio (excluding the Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios) could be approximately 4.5% for the third quarter of 2011. Recent reserve

8





releases from the credit card allowance for loan losses reflect the continued improvement in the credit cycle. Management anticipates that as credit card net charge-offs begin to stabilize towards a normal through-the-cycle level, releases from the allowance will decline and eventually abate.
Economic data for the first half of 2011 seemed to imply that U.S. economic growth has slowed, and high unemployment rates and the difficult housing market have been persistent. Ongoing weak economic conditions, combined with elevated delinquencies and ongoing discussions regarding mortgage foreclosure-related matters with federal and state officials, continue to result in a high level of uncertainty in the residential real estate portfolio. Further declines in U.S. housing prices and increases in the unemployment rate remain possible; were this to occur, currently anticipated results for both RFS and CS could be adversely affected.
In IB, TSS and AM, revenue will be affected by market levels, volumes and volatility, which will influence client flows and assets under management, supervision and custody. In addition, the wholesale credit environment will influence levels of charge-offs, repayments and provision for credit losses for IB, CB and TSS.
In Private Equity, within the Corporate/Private Equity segment, earnings will likely continue to be volatile and be influenced by capital markets activity, market levels, the performance of the broader economy and investment-specific issues. Corporate’s net interest income levels will generally trend with the size and duration of the investment securities portfolio. Corporate net income, excluding Private Equity, and excluding significant litigation expense and significant nonrecurring items, is anticipated to trend toward approximately $300 million per quarter. Furthermore, continued repositioning of the investment securities portfolio in Corporate, changes in the mix of loans within the consumer loan portfolio and other factors, including continued low interest rates, could result in further downward pressure on the Firm’s net interest margin in the third quarter of 2011.
The Firm faces litigation in its various roles as issuer and/or underwriter in mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) offerings, primarily related to offerings involving third parties other than the GSEs. It is possible that these matters will take a number of years to resolve; their ultimate resolution is inherently uncertain and reserves for such litigation matters may need to be increased in the future.
Management and the Firm’s Board of Directors continually evaluate ways to deploy the Firm’s strong capital base in order to enhance shareholder value. Such alternatives could include the repurchase of common stock and warrants, increasing the common stock dividend and pursuing alternative investment opportunities. The Firm expects to utilize the authorized $15.0 billion, multi-year common equity repurchase program, of which up to $8.0 billion is approved by the Federal Reserve for 2011, to, at a minimum, repurchase the same amount of shares that it issues for employee stock-based incentive awards. Beyond this, the Firm intends to repurchase its common equity only when the Firm is generating capital in excess of that which is needed to fund its organic growth and when, in management’s judgment, such repurchases provide excellent value to the Firm’s existing shareholders. Management and the Board will continue to assess and make decisions regarding alternatives for deploying capital, as appropriate, over the course of the year. Any planned future dividend increases over the current level, or planned use of the repurchase program over the repurchases approved for 2011, will be reviewed by the Firm with its banking regulators before taking action.

9





Regulatory developments
JPMorgan Chase is subject to regulation under state and federal laws in the U.S., as well as the applicable laws of each of the various other jurisdictions outside the U.S. in which the Firm does business. The Firm is currently experiencing a period of unprecedented change in regulation and such changes could have a significant impact on how the Firm conducts business. The Firm continues to work diligently in assessing and understanding the implications of the regulatory changes it is facing, and is devoting substantial resources to implementing all the new rules and regulations while meeting the needs and expectations of its clients. While the Firm has made a preliminary assessment of the likely impact of certain of the anticipated changes, as more fully described below, the Firm cannot, given the current status of the regulatory developments, quantify the possible effects on its business and operations of all of the significant changes that are underway. See Risk Factors on pages 192–193 of this Form 10-Q for additional information.
In February 2011, pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), the FDIC issued a final rule changing its methodology for calculating the deposit insurance assessment rate for large banks. The new rule changes the assessment base from insured deposits to average consolidated total assets less average tangible equity, and changes the assessment rate calculation. These changes became effective on April 1, 2011, and, based on the Firm’s understanding of the final rule, are expected to result in an aggregate annualized increase of approximately $500 million in the assessments that the Firm’s bank subsidiaries pay to the FDIC.
In June 2011, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) adopted rules implementing the Durbin Amendment provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which limits the amount the Firm may charge for each debit card transaction it processes. Based on the Firm’s current understanding of the final rules, which become effective on October 1, 2011, it is anticipated that such rules will result, absent mitigation, in a decline in aggregate annualized gross revenue for Retail Banking of approximately $1.0 billion, beginning in the fourth quarter of 2011. The Firm is considering various actions it may take to mitigate some of the anticipated decline in revenue over time, though any mitigating actions are not expected to wholly offset the loss of revenue. Accordingly, the final effect of this regulation cannot be determined at this time.
The Firm will also be affected by the requirements of Section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act, and specifically the provisions prohibiting proprietary trading and restricting the activities involving private equity and hedge funds (the “Volcker Rule”). However, the revenue and net earnings generated by the Firm’s proprietary trading activities represent a de minimis portion of the revenue and net earnings of the IB line of business and of the Firm overall. The Firm ceased some proprietary trading activities during 2010, and is planning to cease its remaining proprietary trading activities within the timeframe mandated by the Volcker Rule. In addition, the application of the Volcker Rule to the Firm’s private equity and hedge fund activities in its AM and IB lines of business, as well as in the Corporate/Private Equity sector, is not expected to have a significant effect on the revenue or net earnings of the Firm or those lines of business. The Firm expects that certain private equity and hedge fund activities or investments expected to be within the scope of the Volcker Rule will be redeemed or liquidated within the timeframe mandated by the Volcker Rule and the Firm is currently assessing alternative means by which either to exit any remaining activities and investments or conform them to the requirements of the Volcker Rule within the timeframe mandated.
While regulators have not yet proposed many of the rules to implement the Volcker Rule, in order to begin planning for its implementation, the Firm has attempted to identify the activities it expects to be affected by the Volcker Rule. In this regard, the Firm defines “proprietary trading” as the trading of securities, derivatives, or futures (or options on any of the foregoing) that is predominantly used to realize gains from short-term movements in prices for the Firm’s own account. The Firm’s proprietary trading activities are typically conducted separately from other business activities and segregated organizationally and physically from client market-making and other client-driven businesses as well as from risk management activities. The Firm’s definition of proprietary trading does not include client market-making, long term investment activities or risk management activities. However, until the remainder of the implementing rules are adopted, the Firm will not know the extent to which the Volcker Rule will affect its ability to engage in these activities.
In June 2011, the Basel Committee and the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”) announced that certain global systemically important banks (“GSIBs”) would be required to maintain additional capital, above the Basel III Tier 1 common equity minimum, in amounts ranging from 1% to 2.5%, depending upon the bank’s systemic importance. Furthermore, in order to provide a disincentive for banks facing the highest required level of Tier 1 common equity to “increase materially their global systemic importance in the future,” an additional 1% charge could be applied. JPMorgan Chase estimates that its Basel III Tier 1 common ratio was approximately 7.6% at the end of the second quarter of 2011. This level is well in excess of that which is required today under existing rules and is greater than the level the Firm expects will be required under the proposed rules for up to five years, including the additional buffer for GSIBs. The Firm expects that its strong capital position and significant earnings power will allow it to actively grow its business and rapidly meet any proposed Basel III requirements as they are phased in. The Firm intends to keep its capital ratios approximately at current levels, subject to regulatory approval, as management does not see a need to manage to higher ratios ahead of time.

10





CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment. For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations, see pages 92–95 of this Form 10-Q and pages 149–154 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Revenue
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Investment banking fees
$
1,933

 
$
1,421

 
36
  %
 
$
3,726

 
$
2,882

 
29
  %
Principal transactions
3,140

 
2,090

 
50

 
7,885

 
6,638

 
19

Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,649

 
1,586

 
4

 
3,195

 
3,232

 
(1
)
Asset management, administration and commissions
3,703

 
3,349

 
11

 
7,309

 
6,614

 
11

Securities gains
837

 
1,000

 
(16
)
 
939

 
1,610

 
(42
)
Mortgage fees and related income
1,103

 
888

 
24

 
616

 
1,546

 
(60
)
Credit card income
1,696

 
1,495

 
13

 
3,133

 
2,856

 
10

Other income
882

 
585

 
51

 
1,456

 
997

 
46

Noninterest revenue
14,943

 
12,414

 
20

 
28,259

 
26,375

 
7

Net interest income
11,836

 
12,687

 
(7
)
 
23,741

 
26,397

 
(10
)
Total net revenue
$
26,779

 
$
25,101

 
7
  %
 
$
52,000

 
$
52,772

 
(1
)%

Total net revenue for the second quarter of 2011 was $26.8 billion, an increase of $1.7 billion, or 7%, from the second quarter of 2010. Revenue growth was driven by higher levels of principal transactions revenue, investment banking fees, and asset management, administration and commissions revenue, largely offset by lower net interest income. For the first six months of 2011, total net revenue was $52.0 billion, a modest decline compared with the first six months of 2010, as lower net interest income, mortgage fees and related income, and securities gains more than offset revenue growth from higher levels of principal transactions revenue, investment banking fees, and asset management, administration and commissions revenue.
Investment banking fees increased compared with both the second quarter and first six months of 2010 and were a record for the first six months of 2011. Debt underwriting fees were also a record for the first six months of 2011. Advisory fees, debt underwriting fees and equity underwriting fees were higher in both periods of comparison, as industry-wide M&A and capital-raising volumes increased from their 2010 levels. For additional information on investment banking fees, which are primarily recorded in IB, see IB segment results on pages 19–22 of this Form 10-Q.
Principal transactions revenue increased compared with the second quarter and first six months of 2010, primarily driven by gains on sales and net increases in investment valuations in Corporate/Private Equity, as a result of continued improvement in market conditions related to certain portfolio investments. Trading revenue increased in the second quarter of 2011 compared with the second quarter of 2010 but decreased in the first half of 2011 compared with the first half of 2010. Client revenue in IB remained solid in both periods of comparison, reflecting the strength and depth of the client franchise. For additional information on principal transactions revenue, see IB and Corporate/Private Equity segment results on pages 19–22 and 46–47, respectively, and Note 6 on pages 124–125 of this Form 10-Q.
Lending- and deposit-related fees increased in the second quarter of 2011 compared with the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by the introduction of a new checking account product offering in RFS, and the conversion of some existing checking accounts into the new product offering; partially offset by the impact of nonsufficient fund/overdraft (“NSF/OD”) regulatory and policy changes. For the first six months of 2011, lending- and deposit-related fees declined slightly compared with the prior year, reflecting lower deposit-related fees in RFS associated, in part, with the impact of the aforementioned regulatory and policy changes. These declines were partially offset by higher lending-related fees in IB. For additional information on lending- and deposit-related fees, which are mostly recorded in RFS, CB, TSS and IB, see RFS on pages 23–32, CB on pages 36–38, TSS on pages 39–41 and IB segment results on pages 19–22 of this Form 10-Q.
Asset management, administration and commissions revenue increased from the second quarter and first six months of 2010. The increases reflected higher asset management fees in AM, driven by the effect of higher market levels and net inflows to longer-term products with higher margins. To a lesser extent, higher administration fees in TSS, reflecting the effect of higher market levels and net inflows of assets under custody, also contributed to the increases in revenue. For additional information on these fees and commissions, see the segment discussions for AM on pages 42–45 and TSS on pages 39–41 of this Form 10-Q.
Securities gains decreased from the second quarter and first six months of 2010, resulting primarily from the repositioning of the portfolio in response to changes in the interest rate environment and rebalancing exposures. For additional information on securities gains, which are mostly recorded in the Firm's Corporate segment, see the Corporate/Private Equity segment discussion on pages 46–47 of this Form 10-Q.

11





Mortgage fees and related income increased compared with the second quarter of 2010, driven by an increase in production revenue, reflecting wider margins and lower levels of repurchase losses; this increase was largely offset by a decrease in net mortgage servicing revenue due to lower MSR risk management revenue. Mortgage fees and related income decreased compared with the first six months of 2010; the decrease was driven by a $1.1 billion decline in the fair value of the MSR asset that was recognized in the first quarter of 2011 related to a revised cost to service assumption incorporated into the valuation to reflect the estimated impact of higher servicing costs to enhance servicing processes – particularly loan modification and foreclosure procedures, and higher estimated costs to comply with Consent Orders entered into with banking regulators. The decline in the fair value of the MSR asset also resulted from a decrease in interest rates. Partially offsetting the decrease was an increase in production revenue, driven by the impact of higher mortgage origination volumes and wider margins, as well as lower levels of repurchase losses. For additional information on mortgage fees and related income, which is recorded primarily in RFS, see RFS's Mortgage Banking, Auto & Other Consumer Lending discussion on pages 27-29 of this Form 10-Q. For additional information on repurchase losses, see the Mortgage repurchase liability discussion on pages 53-56 and Note 21 on pages 167-171 of this Form 10-Q.
Credit card income increased in both the second quarter and first half of 2011. The increase in the quarter largely reflected higher net interchange income associated with higher customer charge volume on debit and credit cards, as well as lower partner revenue-sharing (a contra-revenue item) due to the impact of the Kohl's portfolio sale. The increase in the first six months of 2011 was driven by higher net interchange income, partially offset by lower revenue from fee-based products. For additional information on credit card income, see the CS and RFS segment results on pages 33–35, and pages 23–32, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Other income increased compared with the second quarter and first six months of 2010, driven by valuation adjustments on certain assets and incremental income from recent acquisitions in IB, as well as higher valuations of seed capital investments in AM. Higher auto operating lease income in RFS, resulting from growth in lease volume, also contributed to the increase.
Net interest income decreased in the second quarter and first six months of 2011 compared with the prior year. The declines in both periods were driven by lower yields on securities; lower average loan balances and yields, primarily in CS and RFS, reflecting the expected runoff of credit card balances and residential real estate loans; lower fees on credit card receivables, reflecting the impact of legislative changes; and lower yields on deposits. The decrease was offset partially by lower revenue reversals associated with lower credit card charge-offs, and higher average deposit balances. The Firm's average interest-earning assets were $1.8 trillion in the second quarter of 2011, and the net yield on those assets, on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE”) basis, was 2.72%, a decrease of 34 basis points from the second quarter of 2010. For the first six months of 2011, average interest-earning assets were $1.7 trillion, and the net yield on those assets, on an FTE basis, was 2.80%, a decrease of 39 basis points from the first six months of 2010. For further information on the impact of the legislative changes on the Consolidated Statements of Income, see CS discussion on credit card legislation on page 79 of JPMorgan Chase's 2010 Annual Report.
Provision for credit losses
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Wholesale
$
(117
)
 
$
(572
)
 
80
  %
 
$
(503
)
 
$
(808
)
 
38
  %
Consumer, excluding credit card
1,117

 
1,714

 
(35
)
 
2,446

 
5,448

 
(55
)
Credit card
810

 
2,221

 
(64
)
 
1,036

 
5,733

 
(82
)
Total consumer
1,927

 
3,935

 
(51
)
 
3,482

 
11,181

 
(69
)
Total provision for credit losses
$
1,810

 
$
3,363

 
(46
)%
 
$
2,979

 
$
10,373

 
(71
)%

The provision for credit losses decreased significantly compared with the second quarter and first six months of 2010. The credit card provision was down from both prior-year periods, driven primarily by improved delinquency trends and a reduction in the allowance for loan losses as a result of lower estimated losses. The consumer, excluding credit card, provision was also down from both prior-year periods, reflecting improving delinquency and charge-off trends in 2011 across most portfolios and the absence of additions to the allowance for loan losses. The wholesale provision reflected a lower benefit for both the second quarter and first six months of 2011 compared with the prior-year periods. For a more detailed discussion of the loan portfolio and the allowance for credit losses, see the segment discussions for RFS on pages 23–32, CS on pages 33–35, IB on pages 19–22 and CB on pages 36–38, and the Allowance for credit losses section on pages 86–88 of this Form 10-Q.


12





Noninterest expense
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Compensation expense(a)
$
7,569

 
$
7,616

 
(1
)%
 
$
15,832

 
$
14,892

 
6
  %
Noncompensation expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy
935

 
883

 
6

 
1,913

 
1,752

 
9

Technology, communications and equipment
1,217

 
1,165

 
4

 
2,417

 
2,302

 
5

Professional and outside services
1,866

 
1,685

 
11

 
3,601

 
3,260

 
10

Marketing
744

 
628

 
18

 
1,403

 
1,211

 
16

Other (b)(c)
4,299

 
2,419

 
78

 
7,242

 
6,860

 
6

Amortization of intangibles
212

 
235

 
(10
)
 
429

 
478

 
(10
)
Total noncompensation expense
9,273

 
7,015

 
32

 
17,005

 
15,863

 
7

Total noninterest expense
$
16,842

 
$
14,631

 
15
 %
 
$
32,837

 
$
30,755

 
7
  %
(a)
The three and six months ended June 30, 2010, included a payroll tax expense related to the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) Bank Payroll Tax on certain compensation awarded from December 9, 2009, to April 5, 2010, to relevant banking employees.
(b)
Included litigation expense of $1.9 billion and $3.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, compared with $792 million and $3.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively.
(c)
Included foreclosed property expense of $174 million and $384 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, compared with $244 million and $547 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively.

Total noninterest expense for the second quarter of 2011 was $16.8 billion, an increase of $2.2 billion, or 15%, compared with the second quarter of 2010. Total noninterest expense for the first six months of 2011 was $32.8 billion, up by $2.1 billion, or 7%, compared with the first six months of 2010. The increases in both periods of comparison were due to higher noncompensation expense, which included elevated levels of litigation expense related to mortgage-related matters and an increase in other expense for foreclosure-related matters. Higher compensation expense also contributed to the increase in noninterest expense for the first half of 2011.
Compensation expense decreased slightly from the second quarter of 2010, as the prior-year results included the impact of the U.K. Bank Payroll Tax in IB. Compensation expense increased from the first six months of 2010, due to higher salary and benefits expense in IB, as well as additions to the sales force and employees engaged in default-related matters associated with the serviced portfolio in RFS, and front office staff in AM; these increases were partially offset by the aforementioned payroll tax in IB in 2010.
The increase in noncompensation expense in the second quarter of 2011 was due to higher litigation expense, which included an addition of $1.3 billion to litigation reserves in Corporate predominantly for mortgage-related matters; and a $1.0 billion expense for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters in RFS. Noncompensation expense for the first six months of 2011 was also affected by these items, together with an additional $650 million expense for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters in RFS in the first quarter of 2011. Litigation expense in the first half of 2011 decreased from the prior year, as the aforementioned charges for mortgage-related matters were lower than those incurred in 2010. For a further discussion of litigation expense, see the Litigation reserve discussion in Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q.
In addition to the items mentioned above, the following items in noncompensation expense were higher in the second quarter and first six months of 2011: professional services expense, due to Consent Orders and foreclosure-related matters in RFS and continued investments in new product platforms in the businesses; marketing expense in CS; and all other expense, reflecting higher FDIC assessments in 2011 and additional operating expense related to business activities in IB. For a discussion of amortization of intangibles, refer to the Balance Sheet Analysis on pages 49–51, and Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
Income tax expense
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except rate)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Income before income tax expense
$
8,127

 
$
7,107

 
$
16,184

 
$
11,644

Income tax expense
2,696

 
2,312

 
5,198

 
3,523

Effective tax rate
33.2
%
 
32.5
%
 
32.1
%
 
30.3
%

The increase in the effective tax rate during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, compared with the prior-year periods was primarily the result of higher reported pretax income and changes in the mix of income subject to U.S. federal, state and local taxes, as well as lower tax benefits recognized upon the resolution of tax audits. These factors were partially offset by deferred tax benefits associated with state and local income taxes. For additional information on income taxes, see Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 92–95 of this Form 10-Q.


13





EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
The Firm prepares its consolidated financial statements using accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”); these financial statements appear on pages 98–101 of this Form 10-Q. That presentation, which is referred to as “reported" basis, provides the reader with an understanding of the Firm’s results that can be tracked consistently from year to year and enables a comparison of the Firm’s performance with other companies’ U.S. GAAP financial statements.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, management reviews the Firm’s results and the results of the lines of business on a “managed” basis, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the business segments) on a FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from tax-exempt securities and investments that receive tax credits is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable securities and investments. This non-GAAP financial measure allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the lines of business.
Tangible common equity (“TCE”), a non-GAAP financial measure, represents common stockholders’ equity (i.e., total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock) less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets (other than MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. ROTCE, a non-GAAP financial ratio, measures the Firm’s earnings as a percentage of TCE. In management’s view, these measures are meaningful to the Firm, as well as analysts and investors, in assessing the Firm's use of equity and in facilitating comparisons with competitors.
Management also uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the business-segment level, because it believes these other non-GAAP financial measures provide information to investors about the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and, therefore, facilitate a comparison of the business segment with the performance of its competitors. Non-GAAP financial measures used by the Firm may not be comparable to similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.

14





The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
 
Three months ended June 30, 2011
(in millions, except per share and ratios)
Reported
Results
 
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments
 
Managed
basis
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,933

 
$

 
$
1,933

Principal transactions
3,140

 

 
3,140

Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,649

 

 
1,649

Asset management, administration and commissions
3,703

 

 
3,703

Securities gains
837

 

 
837

Mortgage fees and related income
1,103

 

 
1,103

Credit card income
1,696

 

 
1,696

Other income
882

 
510

 
1,392

Noninterest revenue
14,943

 
510

 
15,453

Net interest income
11,836

 
121

 
11,957

Total net revenue
26,779

 
631

 
27,410

Noninterest expense
16,842

 

 
16,842

Pre-provision profit
9,937

 
631

 
10,568

Provision for credit losses
1,810

 

 
1,810

Income before income tax expense
8,127

 
631

 
8,758

Income tax expense
2,696

 
631

 
3,327

Net income
$
5,431

 
$

 
$
5,431

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.27

 
$

 
$
1.27

Return on assets
0.99
%
 
NM

 
0.99
%
Overhead ratio
63

 
NM

 
61

 
Three months ended June 30, 2010
(in millions, except per share and ratios)
Reported
Results
 
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments
 
Managed
basis
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,421

 
$

 
$
1,421

Principal transactions
2,090

 

 
2,090

Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,586

 

 
1,586

Asset management, administration and commissions
3,349

 

 
3,349

Securities gains
1,000

 

 
1,000

Mortgage fees and related income
888

 

 
888

Credit card income
1,495

 

 
1,495

Other income
585

 
416

 
1,001

Noninterest revenue
12,414

 
416

 
12,830

Net interest income
12,687

 
96

 
12,783

Total net revenue
25,101

 
512

 
25,613

Noninterest expense
14,631

 

 
14,631

Pre-provision profit
10,470

 
512

 
10,982

Provision for credit losses
3,363

 

 
3,363

Income before income tax expense
7,107

 
512

 
7,619

Income tax expense
2,312

 
512

 
2,824

Net income
$
4,795

 
$

 
$
4,795

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.09

 
$

 
$
1.09

Return on assets
0.94
%
 
NM

 
0.94
%
Overhead ratio
58

 
NM

 
57

















15





 
Six months ended June 30, 2011
(in millions, except per share and ratios)
Reported
Results
 
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments
 
Managed
basis
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
3,726

 
$

 
$
3,726

Principal transactions
7,885

 

 
7,885

Lending- and deposit-related fees
3,195

 

 
3,195

Asset management, administration and commissions
7,309

 

 
7,309

Securities gains
939

 

 
939

Mortgage fees and related income
616

 

 
616

Credit card income
3,133

 

 
3,133

Other income
1,456

 
961

 
2,417

Noninterest revenue
28,259

 
961

 
29,220

Net interest income
23,741

 
240

 
23,981

Total net revenue
52,000

 
1,201

 
53,201

Noninterest expense
32,837

 

 
32,837

Pre-provision profit
19,163

 
1,201

 
20,364

Provision for credit losses
2,979

 

 
2,979

Income before income tax expense
16,184

 
1,201

 
17,385

Income tax expense
5,198

 
1,201

 
6,399

Net income
$
10,986

 
$

 
$
10,986

Diluted earnings per share
$
2.55

 
$

 
$
2.55

Return on assets
1.03
%
 
NM

 
1.03
%
Overhead ratio
63

 
NM

 
62

 
Six months ended June 30, 2010
(in millions, except per share and ratios)
Reported
Results
 
Fully tax-equivalent adjustments
 
Managed
basis
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
2,882

 
$

 
$
2,882

Principal transactions
6,638

 

 
6,638

Lending- and deposit-related fees
3,232

 

 
3,232

Asset management, administration and commissions
6,614

 

 
6,614

Securities gains
1,610

 

 
1,610

Mortgage fees and related income
1,546

 

 
1,546

Credit card income
2,856

 

 
2,856

Other income
997

 
827

 
1,824

Noninterest revenue
26,375

 
827

 
27,202

Net interest income
26,397

 
186

 
26,583

Total net revenue
52,772

 
1,013

 
53,785

Noninterest expense
30,755

 

 
30,755

Pre-provision profit
22,017

 
1,013

 
23,030

Provision for credit losses
10,373

 

 
10,373

Income before income tax expense
11,644

 
1,013

 
12,657

Income tax expense
3,523

 
1,013

 
4,536

Net income
$
8,121

 
$

 
$
8,121

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.83

 
$

 
$
1.83

Return on assets
0.80
%
 
NM

 
0.80
%
Overhead ratio
58

 
NM

 
57

Average tangible common equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended
 
Six months ended
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
 
June 30,
2010
Common stockholders’ equity
$
174,077

 
$
159,069

 
$
171,759

 
$
157,590

Less: Goodwill
48,834

 
48,348

 
48,840

 
48,445

Less: Certain identifiable intangible assets
3,738

 
4,265

 
3,833

 
4,285

Add: Deferred tax liabilities(a)
2,618

 
2,564

 
2,607

 
2,553

Tangible common equity
$
124,123

 
$
109,020

 
$
121,693

 
$
107,413

(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
Other financial measures
The Firm also discloses the allowance for loan losses to total retained loans, excluding home lending PCI loans. For a further discussion of this credit metric, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 86–88 of this Form 10-Q.

16





BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. The business segment financial results presented reflect the current organization of JPMorgan Chase. There are six major reportable business segments: the Investment Bank, Retail Financial Services, Card Services, Commercial Banking, Treasury & Securities Services and Asset Management, as well as a Corporate/Private Equity segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were essentially a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results allocates income and expense using market-based methodologies. For a further discussion of those methodologies, see Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 67–68 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The Firm continues to assess the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.
Business segment capital allocation changes
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons, economic risk measures and regulatory capital requirements. The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity. Effective January 1, 2011, capital allocated to CS was reduced and that of TSS was increased. For further information about these capital changes, see Line of business equity on pages 60–61 of this Form 10-Q.
Segment Results – Managed Basis(a) 
The following table summarizes the business segment results for the periods indicated.
Three months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

Investment Bank(b)
$
7,314

$
6,332

16
  %
 
$
4,332

$
4,522

(4
)%
 
$
2,982

$
1,810

65
  %
Retail Financial Services
7,976

7,809

2

 
5,637

4,281

32

 
2,339

3,528

(34
)
Card Services
3,927

4,217

(7
)
 
1,622

1,436

13

 
2,305

2,781

(17
)
Commercial Banking
1,627

1,486

9

 
563

542

4

 
1,064

944

13

Treasury & Securities Services
1,932

1,881

3

 
1,453

1,399

4

 
479

482

(1
)
Asset Management
2,537

2,068

23

 
1,794

1,405

28

 
743

663

12

Corporate/Private Equity(b)
2,097

1,820

15

 
1,441

1,046

38

 
656

774

(15
)
Total
$
27,410

$
25,613

7
 %
 
$
16,842

$
14,631

15
 %
 
$
10,568

$
10,982

(4
)%

Three months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
Net income
 
Return on equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Investment Bank(b)
$
(183
)
$
(325
)
44
  %
 
$
2,057

$
1,381

49
  %
 
21
%
14
%
Retail Financial Services
1,128

1,715

(34
)
 
582

1,042

(44
)
 
8

15

Card Services
810

2,221

(64
)
 
911

343

166

 
28

9

Commercial Banking
54

(235
)
NM

 
607

693

(12
)
 
30

35

Treasury & Securities Services
(2
)
(16
)
88

 
333

292

14

 
19

18

Asset Management
12

5

140

 
439

391

12

 
27

24

Corporate/Private Equity(b)
(9
)
(2
)
(350
)
 
502

653

(23
)
 
                NM

NM

Total
$
1,810

$
3,363

(46
)%
 
$
5,431

$
4,795

13
 %
 
12
%
12
%








17





Six months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

Investment Bank(b)
$
15,547

$
14,651

6
  %
 
$
9,348

$
9,360

  %
 
$
6,199

$
5,291

17
  %
Retail Financial Services
14,251

15,585

(9
)
 
10,899

8,523

28

 
3,352

7,062

(53
)
Card Services
7,909

8,664

(9
)
 
3,177

2,838

12

 
4,732

5,826

(19
)
Commercial Banking
3,143

2,902

8

 
1,126

1,081

4

 
2,017

1,821

11

Treasury & Securities Services
3,772

3,637

4

 
2,830

2,724

4

 
942

913

3

Asset Management
4,943

4,199

18

 
3,454

2,847

21

 
1,489

1,352

10

Corporate/Private Equity(b)
3,636

4,147

(12
)
 
2,003

3,382

(41
)
 
1,633

765

113

Total
$
53,201

$
53,785

(1
)%
 
$
32,837

$
30,755

7
 %
 
$
20,364

$
23,030

(12
)%

Six months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
Net income
 
Return on equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Change

 
2011

2010

Investment Bank(b)
$
(612
)
$
(787
)
22
  %
 
$
4,427

$
3,852

15
  %
 
22
%
19
%
Retail Financial Services
2,454

5,448

(55
)
 
374

911

(59
)
 
3

7

Card Services
1,036

5,733

(82
)
 
2,254

40

NM

 
35

1

Commercial Banking
101

(21
)
NM

 
1,153

1,083

6

 
29

27

Treasury & Securities Services
2

(55
)
NM

 
649

571

14

 
19

18

Asset Management
17

40

(58
)
 
905

783

16

 
28

24

Corporate/Private Equity(b)
(19
)
15

NM

 
1,224

881

39

 
NM

NM

Total
$
2,979

$
10,373

(71
)%
 
$
10,986

$
8,121

35
 %
 
13
%
10
%
(a)
Represents reported results on a tax-equivalent basis.
(b)
Corporate/Private Equity includes an adjustment to offset IB’s inclusion of a credit allocation income/(expense) to TSS in total net revenue; TSS reports the credit allocation as a separate line on its income statement (not within total net revenue).


18





INVESTMENT BANK
For a discussion of the business profile of IB, see pages 69–71 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 4 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,922

 
$
1,405

 
37
 %
 
$
3,701

 
$
2,851

 
30
 %
Principal transactions
2,309

 
2,105

 
10

 
5,707

 
6,036

 
(5
)
Lending- and deposit-related fees
218

 
203

 
7

 
432

 
405

 
7

Asset management, administration and commissions
548

 
633

 
(13
)
 
1,167

 
1,196

 
(2
)
All other income(a)
236

 
86

 
174

 
402

 
135

 
198

Noninterest revenue
5,233

 
4,432

 
18

 
11,409

 
10,623

 
7

Net interest income
2,081

 
1,900

 
10

 
4,138

 
4,028

 
3

Total net revenue(b)
7,314

 
6,332

 
16

 
15,547

 
14,651

 
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(183
)
 
(325
)
 
44

 
(612
)
 
(787
)
 
22

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,564

 
2,923

 
(12
)
 
5,858

 
5,851

 

Noncompensation expense
1,768

 
1,599

 
11

 
3,490

 
3,509

 
(1
)
Total noninterest expense
4,332

 
4,522

 
(4
)
 
9,348

 
9,360

 

Income before income tax expense
3,165

 
2,135

 
48

 
6,811

 
6,078

 
12

Income tax expense
1,108

 
754

 
47

 
2,384

 
2,226

 
7

Net income
$
2,057

 
$
1,381

 
49

 
$
4,427

 
$
3,852

 
15

Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
21
%
 
14
%
 
 
 
22
%
 
19
%
 
 
Return on assets
0.98

 
0.78

 
 
 
1.08

 
1.12

 
 
Overhead ratio
59

 
71

 
 
 
60

 
64

 
 
Compensation expense as a percentage of total net revenue(c)
35

 
46

 
 
 
38

 
40

 
 
Revenue by business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Advisory
$
601

 
$
355

 
69

 
$
1,030

 
$
660

 
56

Equity underwriting
455

 
354

 
29

 
834

 
767

 
9

Debt underwriting
866

 
696

 
24

 
1,837

 
1,424

 
29

Total investment banking fees
1,922

 
1,405

 
37

 
3,701

 
2,851

 
30

Fixed income markets(d)
4,280

 
3,563

 
20

 
9,518

 
9,027

 
5

Equity markets(e)
1,223

 
1,038

 
18

 
2,629

 
2,500

 
5

Credit portfolio(a)(f)
(111
)
 
326

 
        NM
 
(301
)
 
273

 
        NM
Total net revenue
$
7,314

 
$
6,332

 
16

 
$
15,547

 
$
14,651

 
6

(a)
IB manages traditional credit exposures related to Global Corporate Bank (“GCB”) on behalf of IB and TSS. Effective January 1, 2011, IB and TSS share the economics related to the Firm’s GCB clients. IB recognizes this sharing agreement within all other income. The prior-year period reflected the reimbursement from TSS for a portion of the total costs of managing the credit portfolio on behalf of TSS.
(b)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits related to affordable housing and alternative energy investments as well as tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $493 million and $401 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and $931 million and $804 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(c)
The compensation expense as a percentage of total net revenue ratio for the second quarter of 2010 and year-to-date of 2010 excluding the payroll tax expense related to the U.K. Bank Payroll Tax on certain compensation awarded from December 9, 2009, to April 5, 2010, to relevant banking employees, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was 37% and 36%, respectively. IB excludes this tax from the ratio because it enables comparability between periods.
(d)
Fixed income markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
(e)
Equities markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and Prime Services.
(f)
Credit portfolio revenue includes net interest income, fees and loan sale activity, as well as gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, for IB’s credit portfolio. Credit portfolio revenue also includes the results of risk management related to the Firm's lending and derivative activities. See pages 67–88 of the Credit Risk Management section of this Form 10-Q for further discussion.


19





Quarterly results
Net income was $2.1 billion, up 49% from the prior year, reflecting higher net revenue and lower noninterest expense, partially offset by a lower benefit from the provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $7.3 billion, compared with $6.3 billion in the prior year. Investment banking fees were up 37% to $1.9 billion, consisting of debt underwriting fees of $866 million (up 24%), equity underwriting fees of $455 million (up 29%), and advisory fees of $601 million (up 69%). Fixed Income and Equity Markets revenue was $5.5 billion, compared with $4.6 billion in the prior year, reflecting solid client revenue. Credit Portfolio revenue was a loss of $111 million, primarily reflecting the negative net impact of credit-related valuation adjustments, largely offset by net interest income and fees on retained loans.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $183 million, compared with a benefit of $325 million in the prior year. The current-quarter benefit primarily reflected a reduction in the allowance for loan losses, largely due to net repayments. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to end-of-period loans retained was 2.10%, compared with 3.98% in the prior year, driven by the improved quality of the loan portfolio. Net charge-offs were $7 million, compared with net charge-offs of $28 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $4.3 billion, down 4% from the prior year. The decrease was driven by lower compensation expense. The prior-year results included the impact of the U.K. Bank Payroll Tax.
Return on equity was 21% on $40.0 billion of average allocated capital.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $4.4 billion, up 15% from the prior year, primarily reflecting higher net revenue, partially offset by a lower benefit from the provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $15.5 billion, compared with $14.7 billion in the prior year. Investment banking fees were a record, up 30% to $3.7 billion, consisting of record debt underwriting fees of $1.8 billion (up 29%), advisory fees of $1.0 billion (up 56%), and equity underwriting fees of $834 million (up 9%). Fixed Income and Equity Markets revenue was $12.1 billion, compared with $11.5 billion in the prior year, reflecting solid client revenue. Credit Portfolio revenue was a loss of $301 million, primarily reflecting the negative net impact of credit-related valuation adjustments, largely offset by net interest income and fees on retained loans.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $612 million, compared with a benefit of $787 million in the prior year. The current-year benefit primarily reflected a reduction in the allowance for loan losses, largely as a result of net repayments and loan sales. Net charge-offs were $130 million, compared with net charge-offs of $725 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $9.3 billion, approximately flat from the prior year. Compensation expense was flat to the prior year, as higher salaries & benefits and performance-based compensation expense was predominantly offset by the absence of the U.K. Bank Payroll Tax in the current period. Noncompensation expense was also approximately flat to the prior year.
Return on equity was 22% on $40.0 billion of average allocated capital.






20





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount and ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
$
56,107

 
$
54,049

 
4
 %
 
$
56,107

 
$
54,049

 
4
 %
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
3,466

 
3,221

 
8

 
3,466

 
3,221

 
8

Total loans
59,573

 
57,270

 
4

 
59,573

 
57,270

 
4

Equity
40,000

 
40,000

 

 
40,000

 
40,000

 

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
841,355

 
$
710,005

 
18

 
$
828,662

 
$
693,157

 
20

Trading assets-debt and equity instruments
374,694

 
296,031

 
27

 
371,841

 
290,091

 
28

Trading assets-derivative receivables
69,346

 
65,847

 
5

 
68,409

 
65,998

 
4

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
54,590

 
53,351

 
2

 
53,983

 
55,912

 
(3
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
4,154

 
3,530

 
18

 
3,995

 
3,341

 
20

Total loans
58,744

 
56,881

 
3

 
57,978

 
59,253

 
(2
)
Adjusted assets(b)
628,475

 
527,520

 
19

 
619,805

 
517,135

 
20

Equity
40,000

 
40,000

 

 
40,000

 
40,000

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
27,716

 
26,279

 
5

 
27,716

 
26,279

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
7

 
$
28

 
(75
)
 
$
130

 
$
725

 
(82
)
Nonperforming assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)(c)
1,494

 
1,926

 
(22
)
 
1,494

 
1,926

 
(22
)
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
193

 
334

 
(42
)
 
193

 
334

 
(42
)
Total nonperforming loans
1,687

 
2,260

 
(25
)
 
1,687

 
2,260

 
(25
)
Derivative receivables
18

 
315

 
(94
)
 
18

 
315

 
(94
)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
83

 
151

 
(45
)
 
83

 
151

 
(45
)
Total nonperforming assets
1,788

 
2,726

 
(34
)
 
1,788

 
2,726

 
(34
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
1,178

 
2,149

 
(45
)
 
1,178

 
2,149

 
(45
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
383

 
564

 
(32
)
 
383

 
564

 
(32
)
Total allowance for credit losses
1,561

 
2,713

 
(42
)
 
1,561

 
2,713

 
(42
)
Net charge-off rate(a)(d)
0.05
%
 
0.21
%
 
 
 
0.49
%
 
2.61
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained(a)(d)
2.10

 
3.98

 
 
 
2.10

 
3.98

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)(c)(d)
79

 
112

 
 
 
79

 
112

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
2.83

 
3.95

 
 
 
2.83

 
3.95

 
 
Market risk-average trading and credit portfolio VaR – 95% confidence level
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
$
45

 
$
64

 
(30
)
 
$
47

 
$
66

 
(29
)
Foreign exchange
9

 
10

 
(10
)
 
10

 
12

 
(17
)
Equities
25

 
20

 
25

 
27

 
22

 
23

Commodities and other
16

 
20

 
(20
)
 
15

 
18

 
(17
)
Diversification (e)
(37
)
 
(42
)
 
12

 
(38
)
 
(46
)
 
17

Total trading VaR(f)
58

 
72

 
(19
)
 
61

 
72

 
(15
)
Credit portfolio VaR(g)
27

 
27

 

 
27

 
23

 
17

Diversification (e)
(8
)
 
(9
)
 
11

 
(8
)
 
(9
)
 
11

Total trading and credit portfolio VaR
$
77

 
$
90

 
(14
)
 
$
80

 
$
86

 
(7
)
(a)
Loans retained included credit portfolio loans, leveraged leases and other accrual loans, and excluded loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value.
(b)
Adjusted assets, a non-GAAP financial measure, equals total assets minus: (1) securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed less securities sold, not yet purchased; (2) assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”); (3) cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory and other purposes; (4) goodwill and intangibles; and (5) securities received as collateral. The amount of adjusted assets is presented to assist the reader in comparing IB’s asset and capital levels to other investment banks in the securities industry. Asset-to-equity leverage ratios are commonly used as one measure to assess a company's capital adequacy. IB believes an adjusted asset amount that excludes the assets discussed above, which were considered to have a low risk profile, provides a more meaningful measure of balance sheet leverage in the securities industry.
(c)
Allowance for loan losses of $377 million and $617 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(d)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the allowance coverage ratio and net charge-off rate.

21





(e)
Average value-at-risk (“VaR”) was less than the sum of the VaR of the components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect reflects the fact that the risks were not perfectly correlated. The risk of a portfolio of positions is therefore usually less than the sum of the risks of the positions themselves.
(f)
Trading VaR includes substantially all trading activities in IB, including the credit spread sensitivities of certain mortgage products and syndicated lending facilities that the Firm intends to distribute; however, particular risk parameters of certain products are not fully captured, for example, correlation risk. Trading VaR does not include the debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) taken on derivative and structured liabilities to reflect the credit quality of the Firm. See VaR discussion on pages 88-91 and the DVA sensitivity table on page 91 of this Form 10-Q for further details.
(g)
Credit portfolio VaR includes the derivative credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”), hedges of the CVA and mark-to-market (“MTM”) hedges of the retained loan portfolio, which are all reported in principal transactions revenue. This VaR does not include the retained loan portfolio, which is not MTM.
According to Dealogic, for the first six months of 2011, the Firm was ranked #1 in Global Investment Banking fees generated based on revenue, and #1 in Global Syndicated Loans; #1 in Global Debt, Equity and Equity-related; and #2 in Global Announced M&A; #2 in Global Long-Term Debt; and #3 in Global Equity and Equity-related, based on volume.
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2011
 
Full-year 2010
Market shares and rankings(a)
Market Share
 
 
Rankings
 
Market Share
 
 
Rankings
Global investment banking fees(b)
8.8

%
 
 #1
 
7.6

%
 
 #1
Debt, equity and equity-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
6.9

 
 
1
 
7.2

 
 
1
U.S.
11.5

 
 
1
 
11.1

 
 
1
Syndicated loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
12.4

 
 
1
 
8.5

 
 
2
U.S.
22.8

 
 
1
 
19.2

 
 
2
Long-term debt(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
6.8

 
 
2
 
7.2

 
 
2
U.S.
11.5

 
 
1
 
10.9

 
 
2
Equity and equity-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global(d)
7.2

 
 
3
 
7.3

 
 
3
U.S.
11.9

 
 
2
 
13.1

 
 
2
Announced M&A(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
20.5

 
 
2
 
16.4

 
 
3
U.S.
33.9

 
 
1
 
23.1

 
 
3
(a)
Source: Dealogic. Global Investment Banking fees reflects ranking of fees and market share. Remainder of rankings reflects transaction volume rank and market share.
(b)
Global Investment Banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf deals.
(c)
Long-term debt tables include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities; and exclude money market, short-term debt, and U.S. municipal securities.
(d)
Equity and equity-related rankings include rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(e)
Global announced M&A is based on transaction value at announcement; all other rankings are based on transaction proceeds, with full credit to each book manager/equal if joint. Because of joint assignments, market share of all participants will add up to more than 100%. M&A for year-to-date 2011 and full-year 2010 reflects the removal of any withdrawn transactions. U.S. announced M&A represents any U.S. involvement ranking.
International metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Total net revenue(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
2,478

 
$
1,544

 
60
 %
 
$
5,070

 
$
4,419

 
15
 %
Asia/Pacific
762

 
901

 
(15
)
 
1,884

 
1,889

 

Latin America/Caribbean
337

 
248

 
36

 
664

 
558

 
19

North America
3,737

 
3,639

 
3

 
7,929

 
7,785

 
2

Total net revenue
$
7,314

 
$
6,332

 
16

 
$
15,547

 
$
14,651

 
6

Loans retained (period-end)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
15,370

 
$
12,959

 
19

 
$
15,370

 
$
12,959

 
19

Asia/Pacific
6,211

 
5,697

 
9

 
6,211

 
5,697

 
9

Latin America/Caribbean
2,633

 
1,763

 
49

 
2,633

 
1,763

 
49

North America
31,893

 
33,630

 
(5
)
 
31,893

 
33,630

 
(5
)
Total loans
$
56,107

 
$
54,049

 
4

 
$
56,107

 
$
54,049

 
4

(a)
Regional revenues are based primarily on the domicile of the client and/or location of the trading desk.
(b)
Includes retained loans based on the domicile of the customer. Excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value.

22





RETAIL FINANCIAL SERVICES
For a discussion of the business profile of RFS, see pages 72–78 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 4 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

 
2010

 
Change

 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
823

 
$
780

 
6
 %
 
$
1,569

 
$
1,621

 
(3
)%
Asset management, administration and commissions
501

 
433

 
16

 
988

 
885

 
12

Mortgage fees and related income
1,100

 
886

 
24

 
611

 
1,541

 
(60
)
Credit card income
572

 
480

 
19

 
1,109

 
930

 
19

Other income
409

 
413

 
(1
)
 
773

 
767

 
1

Noninterest revenue
3,405

 
2,992

 
14

 
5,050

 
5,744

 
(12
)
Net interest income
4,571

 
4,817

 
(5
)
 
9,201

 
9,841

 
(7
)
Total net revenue(a)
7,976

 
7,809

 
2

 
14,251

 
15,585

 
(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
1,128

 
1,715

 
(34
)
 
2,454

 
5,448

 
(55
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,030

 
1,842

 
10

 
4,001

 
3,612

 
11

Noncompensation expense
3,547

 
2,369

 
50

 
6,778

 
4,771

 
42

Amortization of intangibles
60

 
70

 
(14
)
 
120

 
140

 
(14
)
Total noninterest expense
5,637

 
4,281

 
32

 
10,899

 
8,523

 
28

Income before income tax expense
1,211

 
1,813

 
(33
)
 
898

 
1,614

 
(44
)
Income tax expense
629

 
771

 
(18
)
 
524

 
703

 
(25
)
Net income
$
582

 
$
1,042

 
(44
)
 
$
374

 
$
911

 
(59
)
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
8
%
 
15
%
 
 
 
3
%
 
7
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
71

 
55

 
 
 
76

 
55

 
 
Overhead ratio excluding core deposit intangibles(b)
70

 
54

 
 
 
76

 
54

 
 
(a)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments associated with tax-exempt loans to municipalities and other qualified entities of $2 million and $5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $5 million and $10 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(b)
RFS uses the overhead ratio (excluding the amortization of core deposit intangibles (“CDI”)), a non-GAAP financial measure, to evaluate the underlying expense trends of the business. Including CDI amortization expense in the overhead ratio calculation would result in a higher overhead ratio in the earlier years and a lower overhead ratio in later years; this method would therefore result in an improving overhead ratio over time, all things remaining equal. The non-GAAP ratio excluded Retail Banking's CDI amortization expense related to prior business combination transactions of $60 million and $69 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $120 million and $139 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Quarterly results
Retail Financial Services reported net income of $582 million, compared with $1.0 billion in the prior year.
Net revenue was $8.0 billion, an increase of $167 million, or 2%, compared with the prior year. Net interest income was $4.6 billion, down by $246 million, or 5%, reflecting the impact of lower loan balances due to portfolio runoff, largely offset by an increase in deposit balances. Noninterest revenue was $3.4 billion, up by $413 million, or 14%, driven by higher mortgage fees and related income, debit card income, deposit-related fees and investment sales revenue.
The provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion, a decrease of $587 million from the prior year. While delinquency trends and net charge-offs have improved compared with the prior year, the current-quarter provision continued to reflect elevated losses in the mortgage and home equity portfolios. See Consumer credit portfolio on page 78 of this Form 10-Q for the net charge-off amounts and rates. To date, no charge-offs have been recorded on PCI loans.
Noninterest expense was $5.6 billion, an increase of $1.4 billion, or 32%, from the prior year driven by elevated foreclosure and default-related costs including $1.0 billion for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters.
Year-to-date results
Retail Financial Services reported net income of $374 million, compared with $911 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $14.3 billion, a decrease of $1.3 billion, or 9%, compared with the prior year. Net interest income was $9.2 billion, down by $640 million, or 7%, reflecting the impact of lower loan balances due to portfolio runoff and narrower loan spreads. Noninterest revenue was $5.1 billion, down by $694 million, or 12%, driven by lower mortgage fees and related income, partially offset by higher debit card income and investment sales revenue.

23





The provision for credit losses was $2.5 billion, a decrease of $3.0 billion from the prior year. While delinquency trends and net charge-offs improved compared with the prior year, the current-year provision continued to reflect elevated losses in the mortgage and home equity portfolios. Additionally, the prior year provision included an addition to the allowance for loan losses of $1.2 billion for the purchased credit-impaired portfolio. See Consumer credit portfolio on page 78 of this Form 10-Q for the net charge-off amounts and rates. To date, no charge-offs have been recorded on PCI loans.
Noninterest expense was $10.9 billion, an increase of $2.4 billion, or 28%, from the prior year driven by elevated foreclosure and default-related costs including $1.7 billion for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters.
 
Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount and ratios)
2011

 
2010

 
Change

 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
349,182

 
$
375,329

 
(7
)%
 
$
349,182

 
$
375,329

 
(7
)%
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Loans retained
301,926

 
330,329

 
(9
)
 
301,926

 
330,329

 
(9
)
    Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
13,558

 
12,599

 
8

 
13,558

 
12,599

 
8

Total loans
315,484

 
342,928

 
(8
)
 
315,484

 
342,928

 
(8
)
Deposits
379,376

 
359,974

 
5

 
379,376

 
359,974

 
5

Equity
28,000

 
28,000

 

 
28,000

 
28,000

 

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
352,836

 
$
381,906

 
(8
)
 
$
358,520

 
$
387,854

 
(8
)
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Loans retained
305,131

 
335,308

 
(9
)
 
308,816

 
339,131

 
(9
)
    Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
14,613

 
14,426

 
1

 
16,058

 
15,734

 
2

Total loans
319,744

 
349,734

 
(9
)
 
324,874

 
354,865

 
(8
)
Deposits
379,848

 
362,010

 
5

 
376,261

 
359,486

 
5

Equity
28,000

 
28,000

 

 
28,000

 
28,000

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
127,837

 
116,879

 
9

 
127,837

 
116,879

 
9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
1,223

 
$
1,761

 
(31
)
 
$
2,549

 
$
4,199

 
(39
)
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    Nonaccrual loans retained
8,273

 
10,457

 
(21
)
 
8,273

 
10,457

 
(21
)
    Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
142

 
176

 
(19
)
 
142

 
176

 
(19
)
Total nonaccrual loans(b)(c)(d)
8,415

 
10,633

 
(21
)
 
8,415

 
10,633

 
(21
)
Nonperforming assets(b)(c)(d)
9,406

 
11,907

 
(21
)
 
9,406

 
11,907

 
(21
)
Allowance for loan losses
16,358

 
16,152

 
1

 
16,358

 
16,152

 
1

Net charge-off rate(e)
1.61
%
 
2.11
%
 
 
 
1.66
%
 
2.50
%
 
 
Net charge-off rate excluding PCI loans(e)(f)
2.08

 
2.75

 
 
 
2.16

 
3.26

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to ending loans retained(e)
5.42

 
4.89

 
 
 
5.42

 
4.89

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to ending loans retained excluding
     PCI loans(e)(f)
4.90

 
5.26

 
 
 
4.90

 
5.26

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(b)(e)(f)
138

 
128

 
 
 
138

 
128

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to total loans
2.67

 
3.10

 
 
 
2.67

 
3.10

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to total loans excluding PCI loans(b)
3.41

 
4.00

 
 
 
3.41

 
4.00

 
 
(a)
Loans at fair value consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as trading assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These loans totaled $13.3 billion and $12.2 billion at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Average balances of these loans totaled $14.5 billion and $12.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $16.0 billion and $13.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
(c)
Certain of these loans are classified as trading assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(d)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.1 billion and $8.9 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) real estate owned insured by U.S. government agencies of $2.4 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively; and (3) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”), of $558 million and $447 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally. For further

24





discussion, see Note 13 on pages 134148 of this Form 10-Q which summarizes loan delinquency information.
(e)
Loans held-for-sale and loans accounted for at fair value were excluded when calculating the allowance coverage ratio and the net charge-off rate.
(f)
Excludes the impact of PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction. These loans were accounted for at fair value on the acquisition date, which incorporated management's estimate, as of that date, of credit losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. An allowance for loan losses of $4.9 billion and $2.8 billion was recorded for these loans at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which was also excluded from the applicable ratios. To date, no charge-offs have been recorded for these loans.
RETAIL BANKING
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Noninterest revenue
$
1,887

 
$
1,684

 
12
  %
 
$
3,643

 
$
3,386

 
8
  %
Net interest income
2,707

 
2,712

 

 
5,366

 
5,347

 

Total net revenue
4,594

 
4,396

 
5

 
9,009

 
8,733

 
3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
42

 
168

 
(75
)
 
161

 
359

 
(55
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
2,705

 
2,633

 
3

 
5,507

 
5,210

 
6

Income before income tax expense
1,847

 
1,595

 
16

 
3,341

 
3,164

 
6

Net income
$
1,102

 
$
914

 
21

 
$
1,993

 
$
1,812

 
10

Overhead ratio
59
%
 
60
%
 
 
 
61
%
 
60
%
 
 
Overhead ratio excluding core deposit intangibles(a)
58

 
58

 
 
 
60

 
58

 
 
(a)
Retail Banking uses the overhead ratio (excluding the amortization of CDI), a non-GAAP financial measure, to evaluate the underlying expense trends of the business. Including CDI amortization expense in the overhead ratio calculation would result in a higher overhead ratio in the earlier years and a lower overhead ratio in later years; this method would therefore result in an improving overhead ratio over time, all things remaining equal. The non-GAAP ratio excluded Retail Banking’s CDI amortization expense related to prior business combination transactions of $60 million and $69 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $120 million and $139 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Quarterly results
Retail Banking reported net income of $1.1 billion, an increase of $188 million, or 21%, compared with the prior year. Net revenue was $4.6 billion, up 5% from the prior year. Net interest income was $2.7 billion, flat to the prior year, as the impact from higher deposit balances was offset predominantly by the effect of lower deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $1.9 billion, an increase of 12%, driven by higher debit card revenue, deposit-related fees and investment sales revenue. The provision for credit losses was $42 million, compared with $168 million in the prior year. Net charge-offs were $117 million, compared with $168 million in the prior year. Noninterest expense was $2.7 billion, up 3% from the prior year, due to sales force increases and new branch builds.
Year-to-date results
Retail Banking reported net income of $2.0 billion, an increase of $181 million, or 10%, compared with the prior year. Net revenue was $9.0 billion, up 3% from the prior year. Net interest income was $5.4 billion, flat to the prior year, as the impact from higher deposit balances was offset predominantly by the effect of lower deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $3.6 billion, an increase of 8%, driven by higher debit card and investment sales revenue. The provision for credit losses was $161 million, compared with $359 million in the prior year. Net charge-offs were $236 million, compared with $359 million in the prior year. Noninterest expense was $5.5 billion, up 6% from the prior year, resulting from sales force increases and new branch builds.

25





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business banking origination volume (in millions)
$
1,573

 
$
1,222

 
29
 %
 
$
2,998

 
$
2,127

 
41
 %
End-of-period loans owned
17.1

 
16.6

 
3

 
17.1

 
16.6

 
3

End-of-period deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Checking
136.3

 
123.5

 
10

 
136.3

 
123.5

 
10

Savings
178.1

 
161.8

 
10

 
178.1

 
161.8

 
10

Time and other
41.9

 
50.5

 
(17
)
 
41.9

 
50.5

 
(17
)
Total end-of-period deposits
356.3

 
335.8

 
6

 
356.3

 
335.8

 
6

Average loans owned
$
17.1

 
$
16.7

 
2

 
$
17.0

 
$
16.8

 
1

Average deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Checking
$
136.5

 
$
123.6

 
10

 
$
134.3

 
$
121.7

 
10

Savings
176.8

 
162.8

 
9

 
174.0

 
160.7

 
8

Time and other
43.1

 
51.4

 
(16
)
 
44.0

 
53.5

 
(18
)
Total average deposits
356.4

 
337.8

 
6

 
352.3

 
335.9

 
5

Deposit margin
2.87
%
 
3.05
%
 
 
 
2.89
%
 
3.03
%
 
 
Average assets
$
28.3

 
$
28.4

 

 
$
28.5

 
$
28.7

 
(1
)
Credit data and quality statistics (in millions, except ratios)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
117

 
$
168

 
(30
)
 
$
236

 
$
359

 
(34
)
Net charge-off rate
2.74
%
 
4.04
%
 
 
 
2.80
%
 
4.31
%
 
 
Nonperforming assets
$
784

 
$
920

 
(15
)
 
$
784

 
$
920

 
(15
)
Retail branch business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment sales volume (in millions)
$
6,334

 
$
5,756

 
10

 
$
12,918

 
$
11,712

 
10

Number of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Branches
5,340

 
5,159

 
4

 
5,340

 
5,159

 
4

ATMs
16,443

 
15,654

 
5

 
16,443

 
15,654

 
5

Personal bankers
23,308

 
20,170

 
16

 
23,308

 
20,170

 
16

Sales specialists
7,630

 
6,785

 
12

 
7,630

 
6,785

 
12

Active online customers (in thousands)
18,085

 
16,584

 
9

 
18,085

 
16,584

 
9

Checking accounts (in thousands)
26,266

 
26,351

 

 
26,266

 
26,351

 



26





MORTGAGE BANKING, AUTO & OTHER CONSUMER LENDING
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Noninterest revenue
$
1,498

 
$
1,256

 
19
  %
 
$
1,379

 
$
2,274

 
(39
)%
Net interest income
667

 
792

 
(16
)
 
1,482

 
1,685

 
(12
)
Total net revenue
2,165

 
2,048

 
6

 
2,861

 
3,959

 
(28
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
132

 
175

 
(25
)
 
263

 
392

 
(33
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
2,561

 
1,243

 
106

 
4,666

 
2,489

 
87

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
(528
)
 
630

 
           NM
 
(2,068
)
 
1,078

 
        NM
Net income/(loss)
$
(454
)
 
$
364

 
           NM
 
$
(1,391
)
 
$
621

 
        NM
Overhead ratio
118
%
 
61
%
 
 
 
163
%
 
63
%
 
 
Quarterly results
Mortgage Banking, Auto & Other Consumer Lending reported a net loss of $454 million, compared with net income of $364 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $2.2 billion, an increase of $117 million, or 6%, from the prior year. Mortgage Banking net revenue was $1.3 billion, compared with net revenue of $1.2 billion in the prior year. Auto & Other Consumer Lending net revenue was $835 million, down by $15 million.
Mortgage Banking net revenue in the second quarter of 2011 included $1.1 billion for mortgage fees and related income, $124 million of net interest income and $106 million of other noninterest revenue. Mortgage fees and related income comprised $544 million of net production revenue, $533 million of servicing operating revenue and $23 million of MSR risk management revenue. Production revenue, excluding repurchase losses, was $767 million, an increase of $91 million, reflecting wider margins. Total production revenue was reduced by $223 million of repurchase losses, compared with repurchase losses of $667 million in the prior year. Servicing operating revenue declined 6% from the prior year, due to run-off of the servicing portfolio. MSR risk management revenue declined by $288 million from the prior year.
The provision for credit losses, predominantly related to the student and auto loan portfolios, was $132 million, compared with $175 million in the prior year. Auto loan net charge-offs were $19 million, compared with $58 million in the prior year. Student loan and other net charge-offs were $135 million, compared with $150 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $2.6 billion, up by $1.3 billion from the prior year. The increase was driven by $1.0 billion for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters, as well as an increase in default-related expense for the serviced portfolio.
Year-to-date results
Mortgage Banking, Auto & Other Consumer Lending reported a net loss of $1.4 billion, compared with net income of $621 million in the prior year.
Net revenue was $2.9 billion, a decrease of $1.1 billion, or 28%, from the prior year. Mortgage Banking net revenue was $1.3 billion, compared with net revenue of $2.2 billion in the prior year. Auto & Other Consumer Lending net revenue was $1.6 billion, down by $154 million, predominantly as a result of the discontinuation of tax refund anticipation lending.
Mortgage Banking net revenue in the first half of 2011 included $611 million of mortgage fees and related income, $395 million of net interest income and $210 million of other noninterest revenue. Mortgage fees and related income comprised $803 million of net production revenue, $1.0 billion of servicing operating revenue and a $1.2 billion MSR risk management loss. Production revenue, excluding repurchase losses, was $1.4 billion, an increase of $337 million, reflecting higher mortgage origination volumes and wider margins. Total production revenue was reduced by $643 million of repurchase losses, compared with repurchase losses of $1.1 billion in the prior year. Servicing operating revenue declined 4% from the prior year. MSR risk management revenue declined by $1.7 billion from the prior year, reflecting a $1.1 billion decline in the fair value of the MSR asset that was recognized in the first quarter of 2011 related to a revised cost to service assumption incorporated into the valuation to reflect the estimated impact of higher servicing costs to enhance servicing processes – particularly loan modification and foreclosure procedures, and higher estimated costs to comply with Consent Orders entered into with banking regulators. The decline in the fair value of the MSR asset also resulted from a decrease in interest rates.
The provision for credit losses, predominantly related to the student and auto loan portfolios, was $263 million, compared with $392 million in the prior year. Auto loan net charge-offs were $66 million, compared with $160 million in the prior year. Student loan and other net charge-offs were $215 million, compared with $214 million in the prior year.


27





Noninterest expense was $4.7 billion, up by $2.2 billion, or 87%, from the prior year, driven by $1.7 billion recorded for estimated litigation and other costs of foreclosure-related matters, as well as an increase in default-related expense for the serviced portfolio.
Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2011

 
2010

 
Change

 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
End-of-period loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
$
46.8

 
$
47.5

 
(1
)%
 
$
46.8

 
$
47.5

 
(1
)%
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs(a)
14.3

 
13.2

 
8

 
14.3

 
13.2

 
8

Student and other
14.0

 
15.1

 
(7
)
 
14.0

 
15.1

 
(7
)
Total end-of-period loans owned
75.1

 
75.8

 
(1
)
 
75.1

 
75.8

 
(1
)
Average loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
$
47.0

 
$
47.5

 
(1
)
 
$
47.3

 
$
47.2

 

Prime mortgage, including option ARMs(a)
14.1

 
13.6

 
4

 
14.1

 
13.0

 
8

Student and other
14.1

 
16.7

 
(16
)
 
14.3

 
17.6

 
(19
)
Total average loans owned(b)
75.2

 
77.8

 
(3
)
 
75.7

 
77.8

 
(3
)
Credit data and quality statistics (in millions, except ratios)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
$
19

 
$
58

 
(67
)
 
$
66

 
$
160

 
(59
)
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
(2
)
 
13

 
         NM
 
2

 
19

 
(89
)
Student and other
135

 
150

 
(10
)
 
215

 
214

 

Total net charge-offs
152

 
221

 
(31
)
 
283

 
393

 
(28
)
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
0.16
%
 
0.49
%
 
 
 
0.28
%
 
0.68
%
 
 
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
(0.06
)
 
0.39

 
 
 
0.03

 
0.30

 
 
Student and other
3.84

 
4.04

 
 
 
3.03

 
2.80

 
 
Total net charge-off rate(b)
0.81

 
1.17

 
 
 
0.75

 
1.05

 
 
30+ day delinquency rate(c)(d)(e)
1.55

 
1.43

 
 
 
1.55

 
1.42

 
 
Nonperforming assets (in millions)(f)
$
893

 
$
1,013

 
(12
)
 
$
893

 
$
1,013

 
(12
)
Origination volume:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage origination volume by channel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
20.7

 
$
15.3

 
35

 
$
41.7

 
$
26.7

 
56

Wholesale(g)
0.1

 
0.4

 
(75
)
 
0.3

 
0.8

 
(63
)
Correspondent (g)
10.3

 
14.7

 
(30
)
 
23.8

 
30.7

 
(22
)
CNT (negotiated transactions)
2.9

 
1.8

 
61

 
4.4

 
5.7

 
(23
)
Total mortgage origination volume
34.0

 
32.2

 
6

 
70.2

 
63.9

 
10

Student
$

 
$
0.1

 
NM

 
$
0.1

 
$
1.7

 
(94
)
Auto
5.4

 
5.8

 
(7
)
 
10.2

 
12.1

 
(16
)
Application volume:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage application volume by channel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
        Retail
$
33.6

 
$
27.8

 
21

 
$
64.9

 
$
48.1

 
35

        Wholesale(g)
0.3

 
0.6

 
(50
)
 
0.6

 
1.4

 
(57
)
        Correspondent(g)
14.9

 
23.5

 
(37
)
 
28.5

 
41.7

 
(32
)
Total mortgage application volume
$
48.8

 
$
51.9

 
(6
)
 
$
94.0

 
$
91.2

 
3

Average mortgage loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(h)
$
14.6

 
$
12.6

 
16

 
$
16.1

 
$
13.5

 
19

Average assets
124.4

 
123.2

 
1

 
126.4

 
124.0

 
2

Repurchase reserve (ending)
3.2

 
2.0

 
60

 
3.2

 
2.0

 
60

Third-party mortgage loans serviced (ending)
940.8

 
1,055.2

 
(11
)
 
940.8

 
1,055.2

 
(11
)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (average)
947.0

 
1,063.7

 
(11
)
 
952.9

 
1,070.1

 
(11
)
MSR net carrying value (ending)
12.2

 
11.8

 
3

 
12.2

 
11.8

 
3

Ratio of MSR net carrying value (ending) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (ending)
1.30
%
 
1.12
%
 
 
 
1.30
%
 
1.12
%
 
 
Ratio of annualized loan servicing revenue to third-party mortgage loans serviced (average)
0.43

 
0.45

 
 
 
0.44

 
0.43

 
 
MSR revenue multiple(i)
3.02x

 
2.49x

 
 
 
2.95x

 
2.60x

 
 

28





 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Supplemental mortgage fees and related income details
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change

 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Net production revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production revenue
$
767

 
$
676

 
13
 %
 
$
1,446

 
$
1,109

 
30
 %
Repurchase losses
(223
)
 
(667
)
 
67

 
(643
)
 
(1,099
)
 
41

Net production revenue
544

 
9

 
NM

 
803

 
10

 
           NM
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan servicing revenue
1,011

 
1,186

 
(15
)
 
2,063

 
2,293

 
(10
)
Other changes in MSR asset fair value
(478
)
 
(620
)
 
23

 
(1,041
)
 
(1,225
)
 
15

Total operating revenue
533

 
566

 
(6
)
 
1,022

 
1,068

 
(4
)
Risk management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to inputs or
      assumptions in model(j)
(960
)
 
(3,584
)
 
73

 
(1,711
)
 
(3,680
)
 
54

Derivative valuation adjustments and other
983

 
3,895

 
(75
)
 
497

 
4,143

 
(88
)
Total risk management
23

 
311

 
(93
)
 
(1,214
)
 
463

 
           NM
Total net mortgage servicing revenue
556

 
877

 
(37
)
 
(192
)
 
1,531

 
           NM
Mortgage fees and related income
$
1,100

 
$
886

 
24

 
$
611

 
$
1,541

 
(60
)
(a)
Predominantly represents prime loans repurchased from Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) pools, which are insured by U.S. government agencies. See further discussion of loans repurchased from Ginnie Mae pools in Mortgage repurchase liability on pages 53–56 of this Form 10-Q.
(b)
Total average loans owned included loans held-for-sale of $76 million and $1.9 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $104 million and $2.4 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating the net charge-off rate.
(c)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, total end-of-period loans owned included loans held-for-sale of $221 million and $434 million, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating the 30+ day delinquency rate.
(d)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $10.1 billion and $9.8 billion, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(e)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, excluded loans that are 30 days or more past due and still accruing, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $968 million and $988 million, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(f)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.1 billion and $8.9 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) real estate owned insured by U.S. government agencies of $2.4 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively; and (3) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $558 million and $447 million, respectively, that are 90 days or more past due. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(g)
Includes rural housing loans sourced through brokers and correspondents, which are underwritten under Rural Housing Authority guidelines.
(h)
Loans at fair value consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as trading assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Average balances of these loans totaled $14.5 billion and $12.5 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $16.0 billion and $13.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(i)
Represents the ratio of MSR net carrying value (ending) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (ending) divided by the ratio of annualized loan servicing revenue to third-party mortgage loans serviced (average).
(j)
Of the total decrease recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2011, $1.1 billion related to a revised cost to service assumption incorporated into the valuation in the first quarter of 2011 to reflect the estimated impact of higher servicing costs to enhance servicing processes, particularly related to loan modification and foreclosure procedures, and higher estimated costs to comply with Consent Orders entered into with banking regulators. The $1.7 billion change due to changes in inputs and assumptions also included a decrease in the fair value of the MSR asset resulting from a decrease in interest rates. Declining interest rates have the effect of decreasing the fair value of the MSR asset and increasing the fair value of the derivatives used for risk management purposes. For additional information on MSRs, see Note 3 and Note 16 on pages 102–114 and 159–163, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.

29





REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIOS
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Noninterest revenue
$
20

 
$
52

 
(62
)%
 
$
28

 
$
84

 
(67
)%
Net interest income
1,197

 
1,313

 
(9
)
 
2,353

 
2,809

 
(16
)
Total net revenue
1,217

 
1,365

 
(11
)
 
2,381

 
2,893

 
(18
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
954

 
1,372

 
(30
)
 
2,030

 
4,697

 
(57
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
371

 
405

 
(8
)
 
726

 
824

 
(12
)
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
(108
)
 
(412
)
 
74

 
(375
)
 
(2,628
)
 
86

Net income/(loss)
$
(66
)
 
$
(236
)
 
72

 
$
(228
)
 
$
(1,522
)
 
85

Overhead ratio
30
%
 
30
%
 


 
30
%
 
28
%
 



Quarterly results
Real Estate Portfolios reported a net loss of $66 million, compared with a net loss of $236 million in the prior year. The improvement was driven by a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower net revenue.
Net revenue was $1.2 billion, down by $148 million, or 11%, from the prior year. The decrease was driven by a decline in net interest income as a result of lower loan balances due to portfolio runoff, partially offset by wider loan spreads.
The provision for credit losses was $954 million, compared with $1.4 billion in the prior year. The current-quarter provision reflected a $418 million reduction in net charge-offs, driven by a modest improvement in delinquency trends.
Noninterest expense was $371 million, down by $34 million, or 8%, from the prior year, reflecting a decrease in foreclosed asset expense.
Year-to-date results
Real Estate Portfolios reported a net loss of $228 million, compared with a net loss of $1.5 billion in the prior year. The improvement was driven by a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower net revenue.
Net revenue was $2.4 billion, down by $512 million, or 18%, from the prior year. The decrease was driven by a decline in net interest income as a result of lower loan balances due to portfolio runoff and narrower loan spreads.
The provision for credit losses was $2.0 billion, compared with $4.7 billion in the prior year. The current-year provision reflected a $1.4 billion reduction in net charge-offs driven by improved delinquency trends. Also, the prior-year provision included an addition to the allowance for loan losses of $1.2 billion for the Washington Mutual PCI portfolios.
Noninterest expense was $726 million, down by $98 million, or 12%, from the prior year, reflecting a decrease in foreclosed asset expense.

30





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change
Loans excluding PCI(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
End-of-period loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
82.7

 
$
94.8

 
(13
)%
 
$
82.7

 
$
94.8

 
(13
)%
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
47.0

 
53.1

 
(11
)
 
47.0

 
53.1

 
(11
)
Subprime mortgage
10.4

 
12.6

 
(17
)
 
10.4

 
12.6

 
(17
)
Other
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
 
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
Total end-of-period loans owned
$
140.9

 
$
161.5

 
(13
)
 
$
140.9

 
$
161.5

 
(13
)
Average loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
84.0

 
$
96.3

 
(13
)
 
$
85.5

 
$
97.9

 
(13
)
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
47.6

 
54.3

 
(12
)
 
48.4

 
55.5

 
(13
)
Subprime mortgage
10.7

 
13.1

 
(18
)
 
10.9

 
13.4

 
(19
)
Other
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
 
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
Total average loans owned
$
143.1

 
$
164.7

 
(13
)
 
$
145.6

 
$
167.8

 
(13
)
PCI loans(a) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
End-of-period loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
23.5

 
$
25.5

 
(8
)
 
$
23.5

 
$
25.5

 
(8
)
Prime mortgage
16.2

 
18.5

 
(12
)
 
16.2

 
18.5

 
(12
)
Subprime mortgage
5.2

 
5.6

 
(7
)
 
5.2

 
5.6

 
(7
)
Option ARMs
24.1

 
27.3

 
(12
)
 
24.1

 
27.3

 
(12
)
Total end-of-period loans owned
$
69.0

 
$
76.9

 
(10
)
 
$
69.0

 
$
76.9

 
(10
)
Average loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
23.7

 
$
25.7

 
(8
)
 
$
23.9

 
$
26.0

 
(8
)
Prime mortgage
16.5

 
18.8

 
(12
)
 
16.7

 
19.1

 
(13
)
Subprime mortgage
5.2

 
5.8

 
(10
)
 
5.3

 
5.8

 
(9
)
Option ARMs
24.4

 
27.7

 
(12
)
 
24.8

 
28.2

 
(12
)
Total average loans owned
$
69.8

 
$
78.0

 
(11
)
 
$
70.7

 
$
79.1

 
(11
)
Total Real Estate Portfolios  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
End-of-period loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
106.2

 
$
120.3

 
(12
)
 
$
106.2

 
$
120.3

 
(12
)
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
87.3

 
98.9

 
(12
)
 
87.3

 
98.9

 
(12
)
Subprime mortgage
15.6

 
18.2

 
(14
)
 
15.6

 
18.2

 
(14
)
Other
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
 
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
Total end-of-period loans owned
$
209.9

 
$
238.4

 
(12
)
 
$
209.9

 
$
238.4

 
(12
)
Average loans owned:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
107.7

 
$
122.0

 
(12
)
 
$
109.4

 
$
123.9

 
(12
)
Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
88.5

 
100.8

 
(12
)
 
89.9

 
102.8

 
(13
)
Subprime mortgage
15.9

 
18.9

 
(16
)
 
16.2

 
19.2

 
(16
)
Other
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
 
0.8

 
1.0

 
(20
)
Total average loans owned
$
212.9

 
$
242.7

 
(12
)
 
$
216.3

 
$
246.9

 
(12
)
Average assets
$
200.1

 
$
230.3

 
(13
)
 
$
203.6

 
$
235.2

 
(13
)
Home equity origination volume
0.3

 
0.3

 

 
0.5

 
0.6

 
(17
)
(a)
PCI loans represent loans acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction for which a deterioration in credit quality occurred between the origination date and JPMorgan Chase's acquisition date. These loans were initially recorded at fair value and accrete interest income over the estimated lives of the loans as long as cash flows are reasonably estimable, even if the underlying loans are contractually past due.
Included within Real Estate Portfolios are PCI loans that the Firm acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction. For PCI loans, the excess of the undiscounted gross cash flows expected to be collected over the carrying value of the loans (the “accretable yield”) is accreted into interest income at a level rate of return over the expected life of the loans.
The net spread between the PCI loans and the related liabilities are expected to be relatively constant over time, except for any basis risk or other residual interest rate risk that remains and for certain changes in the accretable yield percentage (e.g., from extended loan liquidation periods and from prepayments). As of June 30, 2011, the remaining weighted-average life of the PCI loan portfolio is expected to be 6.9 years. For further information, see Note 13, PCI loans, on pages 145–146 of this Form 10-Q. The loan balances are expected to decline more rapidly in the earlier years as the most troubled loans are liquidated, and more slowly thereafter as the remaining troubled borrowers have limited refinancing opportunities. Similarly, default and servicing expense are expected to be higher in the earlier years and decline over time as liquidations slow down.
To date the impact of the PCI loans on Real Estate Portfolios’ net income has been modestly negative. This is due to the current net spread of the portfolio, the provision for loan losses recognized subsequent to its acquisition, and the higher level of default and servicing expense associated with the portfolio. Over time, the Firm expects that this portfolio will contribute positively to net income.

31





Credit data and quality statistics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Net charge-offs excluding PCI loans(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
592

 
$
796

 
(26
)%
 
$
1,312

 
$
1,922

 
(32
)%
Prime mortgage, including options ARMs
198

 
273

 
(27
)
 
359

 
749

 
(52
)
Subprime mortgage
156

 
282

 
(45
)
 
342

 
739

 
(54
)
Other
8

 
21

 
(62
)
 
17

 
37

 
(54
)
Total net charge-offs
$
954

 
$
1,372

 
(30
)
 
$
2,030

 
$
3,447

 
(41
)
Net charge-off rate excluding PCI loans(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
2.83
%
 
3.32
%
 
 
 
3.09
%
 
3.96
%
 
 
Prime mortgage, including options ARMs
1.67

 
2.02

 
 
 
1.50

 
2.72

 
 
Subprime mortgage
5.85

 
8.63

 
 
 
6.33

 
11.12

 
 
Other
4.01

 
8.42

 
 
 
4.29

 
7.46

 
 
Total net charge-off rate excluding PCI loans
2.67

 
3.34

 
 
 
2.81

 
4.14

 
 
Net charge-off rate - reported:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
2.20
%
 
2.62
%
 
 
 
2.42
%
 
3.13
%
 
 
Prime mortgage, including options ARMs
0.90

 
1.09

 
 
 
0.81

 
1.47

 
 
Subprime mortgage
3.94

 
5.98

 
 
 
4.26

 
7.76

 
 
Other
4.01

 
8.42

 
 
 
4.29

 
7.46

 
 
Total net charge-off rate - reported
1.80

 
2.27

 
 
 
1.89

 
2.82

 
 
30+ day delinquency rate excluding PCI loans(b)
5.98
%
 
6.88
%
 
 
 
5.98
%
 
6.88
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
14,659

 
$
14,127

 
4

 
$
14,659

 
$
14,127

 
4

Nonperforming assets(c)
7,729

 
9,974

 
(23
)
 
7,729

 
9,974

 
(23
)
Allowance for loan losses to ending loans retained
6.98
%
 
5.93
%
 
 
 
6.98
%
 
5.93
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to ending loans retained excluding PCI loans(a)
6.90

 
7.01

 
 
 
6.90

 
7.01

 
 
(a)
Excludes the impact of PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction. These loans were accounted for at fair value on the acquisition date, which incorporated management's estimate, as of that date, of credit losses over the remaining life of the portfolio. An allowance for loan losses of $4.9 billion and $2.8 billion was recorded for these loans at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, which was also excluded from the applicable ratios. To date, no charge-offs have been recorded for these loans.
(b)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the delinquency rate for PCI loans was 26.20% and 27.91%, respectively.
(c)
Excludes PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of the individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.


32





CARD SERVICES
For a discussion of the business profile of CS, see pages 79–81 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 4 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data(a)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card income
$
1,123

 
$
908

 
24
 %
 
$
2,021

 
$
1,721

 
17
 %
All other income(b)
(107
)
 
(47
)
 
(128
)
 
(223
)
 
(102
)
 
(119
)
Noninterest revenue(c)
1,016

 
861

 
18

 
1,798

 
1,619

 
11

Net interest income
2,911

 
3,356

 
(13
)
 
6,111

 
7,045

 
(13
)
Total net revenue
3,927

 
4,217

 
(7
)
 
7,909

 
8,664

 
(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
810

 
2,221

 
(64
)
 
1,036

 
5,733

 
(82
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
355

 
327

 
9

 
719

 
657

 
9

Noncompensation expense
1,163

 
986

 
18

 
2,248

 
1,935

 
16

Amortization of intangibles
104

 
123

 
(15
)
 
210

 
246

 
(15
)
Total noninterest expense(d)
1,622

 
1,436

 
13

 
3,177

 
2,838

 
12

Income before income tax expense
1,495

 
560

 
167

 
3,696

 
93

 
        NM
Income tax expense
584

 
217

 
169

 
1,442

 
53

 
        NM
Net income
$
911

 
$
343

 
166

 
$
2,254

 
$
40

 
        NM
Financial ratios(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
28
%
 
9
%
 
 
 
35
%
 
1
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
41

 
34

 
 
 
40

 
33

 
 
(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, the commercial card business that was previously in TSS was transferred to CS. There is no material impact on the financial data; prior-year periods were not revised. The commercial card portfolio is excluded from business metrics and supplemental information where noted.
(b)
Includes the impact of revenue sharing agreements with other JPMorgan Chase business segments.
(c)
Includes Commercial Card noninterest revenue of $75 million and $147 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively.
(d)
Includes Commercial Card noninterest expense of $69 million and $144 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively.
Quarterly results
Net income was $911 million, compared with $343 million in the prior year. The improved results were driven by a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower net revenue.
End-of-period loans were $125.5 billion, a decrease of $17.5 billion, or 12%, from the prior year. Average loans were $125.0 billion, a decrease of $21.3 billion, or 15%, from the prior year. The declines in both end-of-period and average loans were consistent with expectations. The end-of-period and average loan totals also reflected the impact of the Firm’s sale of the $3.7 billion Kohl’s portfolio on April 1, 2011.
Net revenue was $3.9 billion, a decrease of $290 million, or 7%, from the prior year. Net interest income was $2.9 billion, down by $445 million, or 13%. The decrease in net interest income was driven by lower average loan balances (including the impact of the Kohl’s portfolio sale), the impact of legislative changes and a decreased level of fees. These decreases were largely offset by lower revenue reversals associated with lower charge-offs. Noninterest revenue was $1.0 billion, an increase of $155 million, or 18%, from the prior year. The increase was driven by lower partner revenue-sharing due to the impact of the Kohl’s portfolio sale, higher net interchange income and the transfer of the Commercial Card business to CS from TSS in the first quarter of 2011. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, noninterest revenue increased 9%.
The provision for credit losses was $810 million, compared with $2.2 billion in the prior year. The current-quarter provision reflected lower net charge-offs and a reduction of $1.0 billion to the allowance for loan losses due to lower estimated losses. The prior-year provision included a reduction of $1.5 billion to the allowance for loan losses. The net charge-off rate was 5.82% (5.81% including loans held-for-sale), down from 10.20% in the prior year. The 30+ day delinquency rate was 2.98%, down from 4.96% in the prior year. Excluding the Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios, the net charge-off rate1was 5.28%, down from 9.02% in the prior year; and the 30+ day delinquency rate was 2.73%, down from 4.48% in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $1.6 billion, an increase of $186 million, or 13%, from the prior year, due to higher marketing expense and the inclusion of the Commercial Card business. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, noninterest expense increased 8%.

33





Year-to-date results
Net income was $2.3 billion, compared with $40 million in the prior year. The improved results were driven by a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower net revenue.
Average loans were $128.8 billion, a decrease of $22.3 billion, or 15%, from the prior year. The decline in average loans was consistent with expectations and also reflected the impact of the Firm’s sale of the $3.7 billion Kohl’s portfolio on April 1, 2011.
Net revenue was $7.9 billion, a decrease of $755 million, or 9%, from the prior year. Net interest income was $6.1 billion, down by $934 million, or 13%. The decrease in net interest income was driven by lower average loan balances (including the impact of the Kohl’s portfolio sale), the impact of legislative changes and a decreased level of fees. These decreases were largely offset by lower revenue reversals associated with lower charge-offs. Noninterest revenue was $1.8 billion, an increase of $179 million, or 11%, from the prior year. The increase was driven by the transfer of the Commercial Card business to CS from TSS in the first quarter of 2011 and higher net interchange income, partially offset by lower revenue from fee-based products. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, noninterest revenue increased 2%.
The provision for credit losses was $1.0 billion, compared with $5.7 billion in the prior year. The current-year provision reflected lower net charge-offs and a reduction of $3.0 billion to the allowance for loan losses due to lower estimated losses. The prior-year provision included a reduction of $2.5 billion to the allowance for loan losses. The net charge-off rate was 6.40% (6.32% including loans held-for-sale), down from 10.99% in the prior year. Excluding the Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios, the net charge-off rate1 was 5.75%, down from 9.80% in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $3.2 billion, an increase of $339 million, or 12%, from the prior year, due to the inclusion of the Commercial Card business and higher marketing expense. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, noninterest expense increased 7%.
For further information on the credit card legislative changes, see CS discussion on page 79 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

1 Includes loans held-for-sale, which are non-GAAP financial measures, to provide more meaningful measures that enable comparability with prior periods.
Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount, ratios and where otherwise noted)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Financial ratios(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Percentage of average loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest revenue
3.26
%
 
2.36
%
 
 
 
2.82
%
 
2.16
%
 
 
Net interest income
9.34

 
9.20

 
 
 
9.57

 
9.41

 
 
Net revenue
12.60

 
11.56

 
 
 
12.39

 
11.57

 
 
Provision for credit losses
2.60

 
6.09

 
 
 
1.62

 
7.66

 
 
Risk adjusted margin(b)
10.00

 
5.47

 
 
 
10.76

 
3.91

 
 
Noninterest expense
5.20

 
3.94

 
 
 
4.98

 
3.79

 
 
Pretax income (“ROO”)
4.80

 
1.54

 
 
 
5.79

 
0.12

 
 
Net income
2.92

 
0.94

 
 
 
3.53

 
0.05

 
 
Business metrics, excluding Commercial Card(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales volume (in billions)
$
85.5

 
$
78.1

 
9
 %
 
$
163.0

 
$
147.5

 
11
 %
New accounts opened
2.0

 
2.7

 
(26
)
 
4.6

 
5.2

 
(12
)
Open accounts(c)
65.4

 
88.9

 
(26
)
 
65.4

 
88.9

 
(26
)
Merchant acquiring business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank card volume (in billions)
$
137.3

 
$
117.1

 
17

 
$
263.0

 
$
225.1

 
17

Total transactions (in billions)
5.9

 
5.0

 
18

 
11.5

 
9.7

 
19

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
125,523

 
$
142,994

 
(12
)
 
$
125,523

 
$
142,994

 
(12
)
Equity
13,000

 
15,000

 
(13
)
 
13,000

 
15,000

 
(13
)
Selected balance sheet data (average)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
132,443

 
$
146,816

 
(10
)
 
$
135,262

 
$
151,864

 
(11
)
Loans(d)
125,038

 
146,302

 
(15
)
 
128,767

 
151,020

 
(15
)
Equity
13,000

 
15,000

 
(13
)
 
13,000

 
15,000

 
(13
)
Headcount(e)
21,765

 
21,529

 
1

 
21,765

 
21,529

 
1



34





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount, ratios and where otherwise noted)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Credit quality statistics – retained(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
1,810

 
$
3,721

 
(51
)%
 
$
4,036

 
$
8,233

 
(51
)%
Net charge-off rate(d)
5.82
%
 
10.20
%
 
 
 
6.40
%
 
10.99
%
 
 
Delinquency rates
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30+ day
2.98
%
 
4.96
%
 
 
 
2.98
%
 
4.96
%
 
 
90+ day
1.55

 
2.76

 
 
 
1.55

 
2.76

 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
8,042

 
$
14,524

 
(45
)
 
$
8,042

 
$
14,524

 
(45
)
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
6.41
%
 
10.16
%
 
 
 
6.41
%
 
10.16
%
 
 
Supplemental information(a)(f)(g)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (period-end)
$
113,766

 
$
127,379

 
(11
)
 
$
113,766

 
$
127,379

 
(11
)
Average loans
112,984

 
129,847

 
(13
)
 
116,179

 
133,495

 
(13
)
Net interest income(h)
8.60
%
 
8.47
%
 
 
 
8.85
%
 
8.67
%
 
 
Net revenue(h)
12.01

 
10.91

 
 
 
11.79

 
10.91

 
 
Risk adjusted margin(b)(h)
8.71

 
4.21

 
 
 
9.51

 
3.30

 
 
Net charge-offs
$
1,471

 
$
2,920

 
(50
)
 
$
3,277

 
$
6,486

 
(49
)
Net charge-off rate(i)
5.22
%
 
9.02
%
 
 
 
5.69
%
 
9.80
%
 
 
30+ day delinquency rate
2.71

 
4.48

 
 
 
2.71

 
4.48

 
 
90+ day delinquency rate
1.41

 
2.47

 
 
 
1.41

 
2.47

 
 
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (period-end)
$
112,366

 
$
127,379

 
(12
)
 
$
112,366

 
$
127,379

 
(12
)
Average loans
111,641

 
129,847

 
(14
)
 
114,874

 
133,495

 
(14
)
Net interest income(h)
8.77
%
 
8.47
%
 
 
 
9.02
%
 
8.67
%
 
 
Net revenue(h)
11.95

 
10.91

 
 
 
11.73

 
10.91

 
 
Risk adjusted margin(b)(h)
8.61

 
4.21

 
 
 
9.43

 
3.30

 
 
Net charge-offs
$
1,470

 
$
2,920

 
(50
)
 
$
3,276

 
$
6,486

 
(49
)
Net charge-off rate(i)
5.28
%
 
9.02
%
 
 
 
5.75
%
 
9.80
%
 
 
30+ day delinquency rate(j)
2.73

 
4.48

 
 
 
2.73

 
4.48

 
 
90+ day delinquency rate(k)
1.42

 
2.47

 
 
 
1.42

 
2.47

 
 
(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, the commercial card business that was previously in TSS was transferred to CS. There is no material impact on the financial data; prior-year periods were not revised. The commercial card portfolio is excluded from business metrics and supplemental information where noted.
(b)
Represents total net revenue less provision for credit losses.
(c)
Reflects the impact of portfolio sales in the second quarter of 2011.
(d)
Total average loans include loans held-for-sale of $276 million and $1.6 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. There were no loans held-for-sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010. These amounts are excluded when calculating the net charge-off rate. The net charge-off rate including loans held-for-sale, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, was 5.81% and 6.32% for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively.
(e)
Headcount includes 1,274 employees related to the transfer of the commercial card business from TSS to CS in the first quarter of 2011.
(f)
Supplemental information is provided for Chase, excluding Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios and including loans held-for-sale, which are non-GAAP financial measures, to provide more meaningful measures that enable comparability with prior periods.
(g)
For additional information on loan balances, delinquency rates, and net charge-off rates for the Washington Mutual portfolio, see Consumer credit portfolio on pages 77–86, and Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q.
(h)
As a percentage of average loans.
(i)
Total average loans include loans held-for-sale of $276 million and $1.6 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, and are included when calculating the net charge-off rate. There were no loans held-for-sale for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010.
(j)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the 30+ day delinquent loans for Chase, excluding Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios were $3,070 million and $5,703 million, respectively.
(k)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the 90+ day delinquent loans for Chase, excluding Washington Mutual and Commercial Card portfolios were $1,600 million and $3,144 million, respectively.

35





COMMERCIAL BANKING
For a discussion of the business profile of CB, see pages 82–83 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 4 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
281

 
$
280

 
 %
 
$
545

 
$
557

 
(2
)%
Asset management, administration and commissions
34

 
36

 
(6
)
 
69

 
73

 
(5
)
All other income(a)
283

 
230

 
23

 
486

 
416

 
17

Noninterest revenue
598

 
546

 
10

 
1,100

 
1,046

 
5

Net interest income
1,029

 
940

 
9

 
2,043

 
1,856

 
10

Total net revenue(b)
1,627

 
1,486

 
9

 
3,143

 
2,902

 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
54

 
(235
)
 
NM

 
101

 
(21
)
 
NM

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
219

 
196

 
12

 
442

 
402

 
10

Noncompensation expense
336

 
337

 

 
668

 
661

 
1

Amortization of intangibles
8

 
9

 
(11
)
 
16

 
18

 
(11
)
Total noninterest expense
563

 
542

 
4

 
1,126

 
1,081

 
4

Income before income tax expense
1,010

 
1,179

 
(14
)
 
1,916

 
1,842

 
4

Income tax expense
403

 
486

 
(17
)
 
763

 
759

 
1

Net income
$
607

 
$
693

 
(12
)
 
$
1,153

 
$
1,083

 
6

Revenue by product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending(c)
$
880

 
$
649

 
36

 
$
1,717

 
$
1,307

 
31

Treasury services(c)
556

 
665

 
(16
)
 
1,098

 
1,303

 
(16
)
Investment banking
152

 
115

 
32

 
262

 
220

 
19

Other
39

 
57

 
(32
)
 
66

 
72

 
(8
)
Total Commercial Banking revenue
$
1,627

 
$
1,486

 
9

 
$
3,143

 
$
2,902

 
8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IB revenue, gross(d)
442

 
333

 
33

 
751

 
644

 
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking
$
789

 
$
767

 
3

 
$
1,544

 
$
1,513

 
2

Commercial Term Lending
286

 
237

 
21

 
572

 
466

 
23

Corporate Client Banking(e)
339

 
285

 
19

 
629

 
548

 
15

Real Estate Banking
109

 
125

 
(13
)
 
197

 
225

 
(12
)
Other
104

 
72

 
44

 
201

 
150

 
34

Total Commercial Banking revenue
$
1,627

 
$
1,486

 
9

 
$
3,143

 
$
2,902

 
8

Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
30
%
 
35
%
 
 
 
29
%
 
27
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
35

 
36

 
 
 
36

 
37

 
 
(a)
CB client revenue from investment banking products and commercial card transactions is included in all other income.
(b)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities that provide loans to qualified businesses in low-income communities as well as tax-exempt income from municipal bond activity of $67 million and $49 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $132 million and $94 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2011, product revenue from commercial card and standby letters of credit transactions is included in lending. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the impact of the change was $114 million and $221 million, respectively. In prior-year periods, it was reported in treasury services.
(d)
Represents the total revenue related to investment banking products sold to CB clients.
(e)
Corporate Client Banking was known as Mid-Corporate Banking prior to January 1, 2011.

36





Quarterly results
Net income was $607 million, a decrease of $86 million, or 12%, from the prior year. The decrease was driven by an increase in the provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher net revenue.
Net revenue was a record $1.6 billion, up by $141 million, or 9%, from the prior year. Net interest income was $1.0 billion, up by $89 million, or 9%, driven by growth in liability balances, wider loan spreads and higher loan balances, partially offset by spread compression on liability products. Noninterest revenue was $598 million, up $52 million, or 10%, compared with the prior year, driven by higher investment banking revenue.
Revenue from Middle Market Banking was $789 million, an increase of $22 million, or 3%, from the prior year. Revenue from Commercial Term Lending was $286 million, an increase of $49 million, or 21%. Revenue from Corporate Client Banking was $339 million, an increase of $54 million, or 19%. Revenue from Real Estate Banking was $109 million, a decrease of $16 million, or 13%.
The provision for credit losses was $54 million, compared with a benefit of $235 million in the prior year. Net charge-offs were $40 million (0.16% net charge-off rate) and were largely related to commercial real estate; this compared with net charge-offs of $176 million (0.74% net charge-off rate) in the prior year. The allowance for loan losses to end-of-period loans retained was 2.56%, down from 2.82% in the prior year. Nonaccrual loans were $1.6 billion, down by $1.4 billion, or 47%, from the prior year, primarily reflecting commercial real estate repayments and loan sales.
Noninterest expense was $563 million, an increase of $21 million, or 4%, from the prior year, primarily reflecting higher headcount-related expense.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.2 billion, an increase of $70 million, or 6%, from the prior year. The increase was driven by higher revenue, largely offset by an increase in the provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $3.1 billion, up by $241 million, or 8%, compared with the prior year. Net interest income was $2.0 billion, up by $187 million, or 10%, driven by growth in liability balances, wider loan spreads and higher loan balances, partially offset by spread compression on liability products. Noninterest revenue was $1.1 billion, an increase of $54 million, or 5%, from the prior year largely driven by higher investment banking revenue.
Revenue from Middle Market Banking was $1.5 billion, an increase of $31 million, or 2%, from the prior year. Revenue from Commercial Term Lending was $572 million, an increase of $106 million, or 23%. Revenue from Corporate Client Banking was $629 million, an increase of $81 million, or 15%. Revenue from Real Estate Banking was $197 million, a decrease of $28 million, or 12%.
The provision for credit losses was $101 million, compared with a benefit of $21 million in the prior year. Net charge-offs were $71 million (0.14% net charge-off rate) and were largely related to commercial real estate, compared with $405 million (0.85% net charge-off rate) in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $1.1 billion, an increase of $45 million, or 4% from the prior year largely reflecting higher headcount-related expense.




37





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount and ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
$
102,122

 
$
95,090

 
7
 %
 
$
102,122

 
$
95,090

 
7
 %
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
557

 
446

 
25

 
557

 
446

 
25

Total loans
102,679

 
95,536

 
7

 
102,679

 
95,536

 
7

Equity
8,000

 
8,000

 

 
8,000

 
8,000

 

Selected balance sheet data (average):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
143,560

 
$
133,309

 
8

 
$
141,989

 
$
133,162

 
7

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
100,857

 
95,521

 
6

 
99,849

 
95,917

 
4

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
1,015

 
391

 
160

 
886

 
344

 
158

Total loans
101,872

 
95,912

 
6

 
100,735

 
96,261

 
5

Liability balances
162,769

 
136,770

 
19

 
159,503

 
134,966

 
18

Equity
8,000

 
8,000

 

 
8,000

 
8,000

 

Average loans by client segment:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking
$
40,012

 
$
34,424

 
16

 
$
39,114

 
$
34,173

 
14

Commercial Term Lending
37,729

 
35,956

 
5

 
37,769

 
36,006

 
5

Corporate Client Banking(a)
13,062

 
11,875

 
10

 
12,720

 
12,065

 
5

Real Estate Banking
7,467

 
9,814

 
(24
)
 
7,537

 
10,124

 
(26
)
Other
3,602

 
3,843

 
(6
)
 
3,595

 
3,893

 
(8
)
Total Commercial Banking loans
$
101,872

 
$
95,912

 
6

 
$
100,735

 
$
96,261

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
5,140

 
4,808

 
7

 
5,140

 
4,808

 
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
40

 
$
176

 
(77
)
 
$
71

 
$
405

 
(82
)
Nonperforming assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(b)
1,613

 
3,036

 
(47
)
 
1,613

 
3,036

 
(47
)
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans held at fair value
21

 
41

 
(49
)
 
21

 
41

 
(49
)
Total nonaccrual loans
1,634

 
3,077

 
(47
)
 
1,634

 
3,077

 
(47
)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
197

 
208

 
(5
)
 
197

 
208

 
(5
)
Total nonperforming assets
1,831

 
3,285

 
(44
)
 
1,831

 
3,285

 
(44
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
2,614

 
2,686

 
(3
)
 
2,614

 
2,686

 
(3
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
187

 
267

 
(30
)
 
187

 
267

 
(30
)
Total allowance for credit losses
2,801

 
2,953

 
(5
)
 
2,801

 
2,953

 
(5
)
Net charge-off rate
0.16
%
 
0.74
%
 
 
 
0.14
%
 
0.85
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
2.56

 
2.82

 
 
 
2.56

 
2.82

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(b)
162

 
88

 
 
 
162

 
88

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans
1.59

 
3.22

 
 
 
1.59

 
3.22

 
 
(a)
Corporate Client Banking was known as Mid-Corporate Banking prior to January 1, 2011.
(b)
Allowance for loan losses of $289 million and $586 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

38





TREASURY & SECURITIES SERVICES
For a discussion of the business profile of TSS, see pages 84–85 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 5 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount and ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
314

 
$
313

 
 %
 
$
617

 
$
624

 
(1
)%
Asset management, administration and commissions
726

 
705

 
3

 
1,421

 
1,364

 
4

All other income
143

 
209

 
(32
)
 
282

 
385

 
(27
)
Noninterest revenue
1,183

 
1,227

 
(4
)
 
2,320

 
2,373

 
(2
)
Net interest income
749

 
654

 
15

 
1,452

 
1,264

 
15

Total net revenue
1,932

 
1,881

 
3

 
3,772

 
3,637

 
4

Provision for credit losses
(2
)
 
(16
)
 
(88
)
 
2

 
(55
)
 
    NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit allocation income/(expense)(a)
32

 
(30
)
 
       NM
 
59

 
(60
)
 
    NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
719

 
697

 
3

 
1,434

 
1,354

 
6

Noncompensation expense
719

 
684

 
5

 
1,366

 
1,334

 
2

Amortization of intangibles
15

 
18

 
(17
)
 
30

 
36

 
(17
)
Total noninterest expense
1,453

 
1,399

 
4

 
2,830

 
2,724

 
4

Income before income tax expense
513

 
468

 
10

 
999

 
908

 
10

Income tax expense
180

 
176

 
2

 
350

 
337

 
4

Net income
$
333

 
$
292

 
14

 
$
649

 
$
571

 
14

Revenue by business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury Services
$
930

 
$
926

 

 
$
1,821

 
$
1,808

 
1

Worldwide Securities Services
1,002

 
955

 
5

 
1,951

 
1,829

 
7

Total net revenue
$
1,932

 
$
1,881

 
3

 
$
3,772

 
$
3,637

 
4

Revenue by geographic region(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
691

 
617

 
12

 
1,321

 
1,186

 
11

Asia/Pacific
299

 
233

 
28

 
575

 
452

 
27

Latin America/Caribbean
80

 
71

 
13

 
156

 
116

 
34

North America
862

 
960

 
(10
)
 
1,720

 
1,883

 
(9
)
Total net revenue
$
1,932

 
$
1,881

 
3

 
$
3,772

 
$
3,637

 
4

Trade finance loans by geographic region (period-end)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
6,184

 
$
2,898

 
113

 
$
6,184

 
$
2,898

 
113

Asia/Pacific
15,736

 
9,802

 
61

 
15,736

 
9,802

 
61

Latin America/Caribbean
4,553

 
3,008

 
51

 
4,553

 
3,008

 
51

North America
1,000

 
693

 
44

 
1,000

 
693

 
44

Total finance loans
$
27,473

 
$
16,401

 
68

 
$
27,473

 
$
16,401

 
68

Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
19
%
 
18
%
 
 
 
19
%
 
18
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
75

 
74

 
 
 
75

 
75

 
 
Pretax margin ratio
27

 
25

 
 
 
26

 
25

 
 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans (c)
$
34,034

 
$
24,513

 
39

 
$
34,034

 
$
24,513

 
39

Equity
7,000

 
6,500

 
8

 
7,000

 
6,500

 
8

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
52,688

 
$
42,868

 
23

 
$
50,294

 
$
40,583

 
24

Loans (c)
33,069

 
22,137

 
49

 
31,190

 
20,865

 
49

Liability balances
302,858

 
246,690

 
23

 
284,392

 
247,294

 
15

Equity
7,000

 
6,500

 
8

 
7,000

 
6,500

 
8

Headcount
28,230

 
27,943

 
1

 
28,230

 
27,943

 
1

(a)
IB manages traditional credit exposures related to the GCB on behalf of IB and TSS. Effective January 1, 2011, IB and TSS share the economics related to the Firm’s GCB clients. Included within this allocation are net revenues, provision for credit losses, as well as expenses. The prior-year period reflected a reimbursement to IB for a portion of the total costs of managing the credit portfolio. IB recognizes this credit allocation as a component of all other income.
(b)
Revenue and trade finance loans are based on TSS management’s view of the domicile of clients.
(c)
Loan balances include trade finance loans, wholesale overdrafts and commercial card. Effective January 1, 2011, the commercial card loan business (of approximately $1.2 billion) that was previously in TSS was transferred to CS. There is no material impact on the financial data; the prior-year period was not revised.

39





Quarterly results
Net income was $333 million, an increase of $41 million, or 14%, from the prior year.
Net revenue was $1.9 billion, an increase of $51 million, or 3%, from the prior year. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, net revenue was up 6%. Worldwide Securities Services net revenue was $1.0 billion, an increase of $47 million, or 5%. The increase was driven by higher market levels, higher net interest income and net inflows of assets under custody. Treasury Services net revenue was $930 million, relatively flat compared with the prior year, as higher trade loan volumes and higher deposit balances were largely offset by the transfer of Commercial Card business to Card Services in the first quarter of 2011 and lower spreads on deposits. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, TS net revenue increased 7%.
TSS generated firmwide net revenue of $2.6 billion, including $1.6 billion by Treasury Services; of that amount, $930 million was recorded in Treasury Services, $556 million in Commercial Banking and $65 million in other lines of business. The remaining $1.0 billion of firmwide net revenue was recorded in Worldwide Securities Services.
Noninterest expense was $1.5 billion, an increase of $54 million, or 4%, from the prior year. The increase was mainly driven by continued investment in new product platforms, primarily related to international expansion, partially offset by the transfer of the Commercial Card business to Card Services. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, TSS noninterest expense increased 9%.
Results for the quarter included a $32 million pretax benefit related to the allocation between IB and TSS associated with credit extended to Global Corporate Bank (GCB) clients. IB manages core credit exposures related to the GCB on behalf of IB and TSS. Effective January 1, 2011, IB and TSS share the economics related to the Firm's GCB clients. Included within this allocation are net revenues and provision for credit losses as well as expenses.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $649 million, an increase of $78 million, or 14%, from the prior year.
Net revenue was $3.8 billion, an increase of $135 million, or 4%, from the prior year. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, net revenue was up 7%. Worldwide Securities Services net revenue was $2.0 billion, an increase of $122 million, or 7%. The increase was driven by higher market levels, net inflows of assets under custody, and higher net interest income. Treasury Services net revenue was $1.8 billion, relatively flat compared with the prior year, as higher trade loan volumes and higher deposit balances were largely offset by the transfer of Commercial Card business to Card Services in the first quarter of 2011 and lower spreads on deposits. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, TS net revenue increased 7%.
TSS generated firmwide net revenue of $5.0 billion, including $3.0 billion by Treasury Services; of that amount, $1.8 billion was recorded in Treasury Services, $1.1 billion in Commercial Banking and $128 million in other lines of business. The remaining $2.0 billion of firmwide net revenue was recorded in Worldwide Securities Services.
Noninterest expense was $2.8 billion, an increase of $106 million, or 4%, from the prior year. The increase was mainly driven by continued investment in new product platforms, primarily related to international expansion, partially offset by the transfer of the Commercial Card business to Card Services. Excluding the impact of the Commercial Card business, TSS noninterest expense increased 9%.
Results for the year-to-date included a $59 million pretax benefit related to the allocation between IB and TSS associated with credit extended to GCB clients.



40





Selected metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
TSS firmwide disclosures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury Services revenue - reported
$
930

 
$
926

 
 %
 
$
1,821

 
$
1,808

 
1
 %
Treasury Services revenue reported in CB(a)
556

 
665

 
(16
)
 
1,098

 
1,303

 
(16
)
Treasury Services revenue reported in other lines of business
65

 
62

 
5

 
128

 
118

 
8

Treasury Services firmwide revenue(b)
1,551

 
1,653

 
(6
)
 
3,047

 
3,229

 
(6
)
Worldwide Securities Services revenue
1,002

 
955

 
5

 
1,951

 
1,829

 
7

Treasury & Securities Services firmwide revenue(b)
$
2,553

 
$
2,608

 
(2
)
 
$
4,998

 
$
5,058

 
(1
)
Treasury Services firmwide liability balances (average)(c)
375,432

 
303,224

 
24

 
357,436

 
304,159

 
18

Treasury & Securities Services firmwide liability balances (average)(c)
465,627

 
383,460

 
21

 
443,894

 
382,260

 
16

TSS firmwide financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury Services firmwide overhead ratio(a)(d)
59
%
 
54
%
 
 
 
58
%
 
55
%
 
 
Treasury & Securities Services firmwide overhead ratio(a)(d)
67

 
64

 
 
 
67

 
65

 
 
Firmwide business metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets under custody (in billions)
$
16,945

 
$
14,857

 
14

 
$
16,945

 
$
14,857

 
14

Number of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.$ ACH transactions originated
959

 
970

 
(1
)
 
1,951

 
1,919

 
2

Total U.S.$ clearing volume (in thousands)
32,274

 
30,531

 
6

 
63,245

 
59,200

 
7

International electronic funds transfer volume (in thousands)(e)
63,208

 
58,484

 
8

 
124,150

 
114,238

 
9

Wholesale check volume
608

 
526

 
16

 
1,140

 
1,004

 
14

Wholesale cards issued (in thousands)(f)
23,746

 
28,066

 
(15
)
 
23,746

 
28,066

 
(15
)
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$

 
$

 

 
$

 
$

 

Nonaccrual loans
3

 
14

 
(79
)
 
3

 
14

 
(79
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
74

 
48

 
54

 
74

 
48

 
54

Allowance for lending-related commitments
41

 
68

 
(40
)
 
41

 
68

 
(40
)
Total allowance for credit losses
115

 
116

 
(1
)
 
115

 
116

 
(1
)
Net charge-off rate
%
 
%
 
 
 
%
 
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.22

 
0.20

 
 
 
0.22

 
0.20

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
 NM  
 
343

 
 
 
             NM
 
343

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.01

 
0.06

 
 
 
0.01

 
0.06

 
 
(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, certain CB revenues were excluded in the TS firmwide metrics; they are instead directly captured within CB’s lending revenue by product. The impact of this change was $114 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011, and $221 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011. In previous periods, these revenues were included in CB’s treasury services revenue by product.
(b)
TSS firmwide revenue includes foreign exchange (“FX”) revenue recorded in TSS and FX revenue associated with TSS customers who are FX customers of IB. However, some of the FX revenue associated with TSS customers who are FX customers of IB is not included in TS and TSS firmwide revenue. The total FX revenue generated was $165 million and $175 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $325 million and $312 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(c)
Firmwide liability balances include liability balances recorded in CB.
(d)
Overhead ratios have been calculated based on firmwide revenue and TSS and TS expense, respectively, including those allocated to certain other lines of business. FX revenue and expense recorded in IB for TSS-related FX activity are not included in this ratio.
(e)
International electronic funds transfer includes non-U.S. dollar Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) and clearing volume.
(f)
Wholesale cards issued and outstanding include U.S. domestic commercial, stored value, prepaid and government electronic benefit card products. Effective January 1, 2011, the commercial card portfolio was transferred from TSS to CS.

41





ASSET MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of the business profile of AM, see pages 86–88 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Introduction on page 5 of this Form 10-Q.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset management, administration and commissions
$
1,818

 
$
1,522

 
19
%
 
$
3,525

 
$
3,030

 
16
 %
All other income
321

 
177

 
81

 
634

 
443

 
43

Noninterest revenue
2,139

 
1,699

 
26

 
4,159

 
3,473

 
20

Net interest income
398

 
369

 
8

 
784

 
726

 
8

Total net revenue
2,537

 
2,068

 
23

 
4,943

 
4,199

 
18

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
12

 
5

 
140

 
17

 
40

 
(58
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
1,068

 
861

 
24

 
2,107

 
1,771

 
19

Noncompensation expense
704

 
527

 
34

 
1,303

 
1,041

 
25

Amortization of intangibles
22

 
17

 
29

 
44

 
35

 
26

Total noninterest expense
1,794

 
1,405

 
28

 
3,454

 
2,847

 
21

Income before income tax expense
731

 
658

 
11

 
1,472

 
1,312

 
12

Income tax expense
292

 
267

 
9

 
567

 
529

 
7

Net income
$
439

 
$
391

 
12

 
$
905

 
$
783

 
16

Revenue by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Banking
$
1,289

 
$
1,153

 
12

 
$
2,606

 
$
2,303

 
13

Institutional
704

 
455

 
55

 
1,253

 
999

 
25

Retail
544

 
460

 
18

 
1,084

 
897

 
21

Total net revenue
$
2,537

 
$
2,068

 
23

 
$
4,943

 
$
4,199

 
18

Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
27
%
 
24
%
 
 
 
28
%
 
24
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
71

 
68

 
 
 
70

 
68

 
 
Pretax margin ratio
29

 
32

 
 
 
30

 
31

 
 
Quarterly results
Net income was $439 million, an increase of $48 million, or 12%, from the prior year. These results reflected higher net revenue, predominantly offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $2.5 billion, an increase of $469 million, or 23%, from the prior year. Noninterest revenue was $2.1 billion, up by $440 million, or 26%, due to the effect of higher market levels, net inflows to products with higher margins, higher valuations of seed capital investments and higher performance fees. Net interest income was $398 million, up by $29 million, or 8%, due to higher deposit and loan balances, partially offset by narrower deposit spreads.
Revenue from Private Banking was $1.3 billion, up 12% from the prior year. Revenue from Institutional was $704 million, up 55%. Revenue from Retail was $544 million, up 18%.
The provision for credit losses was $12 million, compared with $5 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $1.8 billion, an increase of $389 million, or 28%, from the prior year, largely resulting from an increase in headcount and higher performance-based compensation.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $905 million, an increase of $122 million, or 16%, from the prior year. These results reflected higher net revenue and a lower provision for credit losses, predominantly offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $4.9 billion, an increase of $744 million, or 18%, from the prior year. Noninterest revenue was $4.2 billion, up by $686 million, or 20%, due to the effect of higher market levels, net inflows to products with higher margins, higher loan originations and higher valuations of seed capital investments. Net interest income was $784 million, up by $58 million, or 8%, due to higher deposit and loan balances, partially offset by narrower deposit spreads.
Revenue from Private Banking was $2.6 billion, up 13% from the prior year. Revenue from Institutional was $1.3 billion, up 25%. Revenue from Retail was $1.1 billion, up 21%.

42





The provision for credit losses was $17 million, compared with $40 million in the prior year.
Noninterest expense was $3.5 billion, an increase of $607 million, or 21%, from the prior year, largely resulting from an increase in headcount and higher performance-based compensation.
Business metrics
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount, ranking data, and where otherwise noted)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Number of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client advisors(a)
2,282

 
2,083

 
10
 %
 
2,282

 
2,083

 
10
 %
Retirement planning services participants (in thousands)
1,613

 
1,653

 
(2
)
 
1,613

 
1,653

 
(2
)
JPMorgan Securities brokers
437

 
403

 
8

 
437

 
403

 
8

% of customer assets in 4 & 5 Star Funds(b)
50
%
 
43
%
 
16

 
50
%
 
43
%
 
16

% of AUM in 1st and 2nd quartiles:(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 year
56
%
 
58
%
 
(3
)
 
56
%
 
58
%
 
(3
)
3 years
71
%
 
67
%
 
6

 
71
%
 
67
%
 
6

5 years
76
%
 
78
%
 
(3
)
 
76
%
 
78
%
 
(3
)
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
51,747

 
$
38,744

 
34

 
$
51,747

 
$
38,744

 
34

Equity
6,500

 
6,500

 

 
6,500

 
6,500

 

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
74,206

 
$
63,426

 
17

 
$
71,577

 
$
62,978

 
14

Loans
48,837

 
37,407

 
31

 
46,903

 
37,007

 
27

Deposits
97,509

 
86,453

 
13

 
96,386

 
83,573

 
15

Equity
6,500

 
6,500

 

 
6,500

 
6,500

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
17,963

 
16,019

 
12

 
17,963

 
16,019

 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
33

 
$
27

 
22

 
$
44

 
$
55

 
(20
)
Nonaccrual loans
252

 
309

 
(18
)
 
252

 
309

 
(18
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
222

 
250

 
(11
)
 
222

 
250

 
(11
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
9

 
3

 
200

 
9

 
3

 
200

Total allowance for credit losses
231

 
253

 
(9
)
 
231

 
253

 
(9
)
Net charge-off rate
0.27
%
 
0.29
%
 
 
 
0.19
%
 
0.30
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.43

 
0.65

 
 
 
0.43

 
0.65

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
88

 
81

 
 
 
88

 
81

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.49

 
0.80

 
 
 
0.49

 
0.80

 
 
(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, the methodology used to determine client advisors was revised. Prior periods have been revised.
(b)
Derived from Morningstar for the U.S., the U.K., Luxembourg, France, Hong Kong and Taiwan; and Nomura for Japan.
(c)
Quartile ranking sourced from: Lipper for the U.S. and Taiwan; Morningstar for the U.K., Luxembourg, France and Hong Kong; and Nomura for Japan.


43





Assets under supervision
Assets under supervision were $1.9 trillion, an increase of $284 billion, or 17%, from the prior year. Assets under management were $1.3 trillion, an increase of $181 billion, or 16%. Both increases were due to the effect of higher market levels and net inflows to long-term products, partially offset by net outflows from liquidity products. Custody, brokerage, administration and deposit balances were $582 billion, up by $103 billion, or 22%, due to the effect of higher market levels and custody and brokerage inflows.
ASSETS UNDER SUPERVISION(a) (in billions)
 
 
 
 
As of the quarter ended June 30,
 
2011

 
2010

Assets by asset class
 
 
 
 
Liquidity
 
$
476

 
$
489

Fixed income
 
319

 
259

Equities and multi-asset
 
430

 
322

Alternatives
 
117

 
91

Total assets under management
 
1,342

 
1,161

Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
 
582

 
479

Total assets under supervision
 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640

Assets by client segment
 
 
 
 
Private Banking
 
$
291

 
$
258

Institutional(b)
 
708

 
651

Retail(b)
 
343

 
252

Total assets under management
 
$
1,342

 
$
1,161

Private Banking
 
$
776

 
$
653

Institutional(b)
 
709

 
652

Retail(b)
 
439

 
335

Total assets under supervision
 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640

Mutual fund assets by asset class
 
 
 
 
Liquidity
 
$
421

 
$
440

Fixed income
 
105

 
79

Equities and multi-asset
 
176

 
133

Alternatives
 
9

 
8

Total mutual fund assets
 
$
711

 
$
660

(a)
Excludes assets under management of American Century Companies, Inc., in which the Firm had a 40% and 42% ownership at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(b)
In the second quarter of 2011, the client hierarchy used to determine asset classification was revised, and the prior-year periods have been revised.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions)
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Assets under management rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
1,330

 
$
1,219

 
$
1,298

 
$
1,249

Net asset flows:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity
 
(16
)
 
(29
)
 
(25
)
 
(91
)
Fixed income
 
12

 
12

 
28

 
28

Equities, multi-asset and alternatives
 
7

 
1

 
18

 
7

Market/performance/other impacts
 
9

 
(42
)
 
23

 
(32
)
Ending balance, June 30
 
$
1,342

 
$
1,161

 
$
1,342

 
$
1,161

Assets under supervision rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
 
$
1,908

 
$
1,707

 
$
1,840

 
$
1,701

Net asset flows
 
12

 
(4
)
 
43

 
(14
)
Market/performance/other impacts
 
4

 
(63
)
 
41

 
(47
)
Ending balance, June 30
 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640

 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640


44





International metrics
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in billions, except where otherwise noted)
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Total net revenue (in millions)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
 
$
478

 
$
381

 
25
%
 
$
917

 
$
766

 
20
%
Asia/Pacific
 
257

 
214

 
20

 
503

 
436

 
15

Latin America/Caribbean
 
251

 
124

 
102

 
416

 
248

 
68

North America
 
1,551

 
1,349

 
15

 
3,107

 
2,749

 
13

Total net revenue
 
$
2,537

 
$
2,068

 
23

 
$
4,943

 
$
4,199

 
18

Assets under management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
 
$
298

 
$
239

 
25

 
$
298

 
$
239

 
25

Asia/Pacific
 
119

 
95

 
25

 
119

 
95

 
25

Latin America/Caribbean
 
37

 
24

 
54

 
37

 
24

 
54

North America
 
888

 
803

 
11

 
888

 
803

 
11

Total assets under management
 
$
1,342

 
$
1,161

 
16

 
$
1,342

 
$
1,161

 
16

Assets under supervision
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
 
$
353

 
$
282

 
25

 
$
353

 
$
282

 
25

Asia/Pacific
 
161

 
127

 
27

 
161

 
127

 
27

Latin America/Caribbean
 
94

 
68

 
38

 
94

 
68

 
38

North America
 
1,316

 
1,163

 
13

 
1,316

 
1,163

 
13

Total assets under supervision
 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640

 
17

 
$
1,924

 
$
1,640

 
17

(a)
Regional revenue is based on the domicile of clients.


45





CORPORATE / PRIVATE EQUITY
For a discussion of the business profile of Corporate/Private Equity, see pages 89–90 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Selected income statement data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2011
 
2010
 
Change
 
2011
 
2010
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal transactions
$
745

 
$
(69
)
 
  NM
 
$
2,043

 
$
478

 
327
 %
Securities gains
837

 
990

 
(15
)%
 
939

 
1,600

 
(41
)
All other income
265

 
182

 
46

 
343

 
306

 
12

Noninterest revenue
1,847

 
1,103

 
67

 
3,325

 
2,384

 
39

Net interest income (a)
218

 
747

 
(71
)
 
252

 
1,823

 
(86
)
Total net revenue(b)
2,065

 
1,850

 
12

 
3,577

 
4,207

 
(15
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(9
)
 
(2
)
 
(350
)
 
(19
)
 
15

 
     NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
614

 
770

 
(20
)
 
1,271

 
1,245

 
2

Noncompensation expense(c)
2,097

 
1,468

 
43

 
3,240

 
4,509

 
(28
)
Subtotal
2,711

 
2,238

 
21

 
4,511

 
5,754

 
(22
)
Net expense allocated to other businesses
(1,270
)
 
(1,192
)
 
(7
)
 
(2,508
)
 
(2,372
)
 
(6
)
Total noninterest expense
1,441

 
1,046

 
38

 
2,003

 
3,382

 
(41
)
Income before income tax expense/(benefit)
633

 
806

 
(21
)
 
1,593

 
810

 
97

Income tax expense/(benefit)
131

 
153

 
(14
)
 
369

 
(71
)
 
     NM
Net income
$
502

 
$
653

 
(23
)
 
$
1,224

 
$
881

 
39

Total net revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity
$
796

 
$
48

 
  NM
 
$
1,495

 
$
163

 
     NM
Corporate
1,269

 
1,802

 
(30
)
 
2,082

 
4,044

 
(49
)
Total net revenue
$
2,065

 
$
1,850

 
12

 
$
3,577

 
$
4,207

 
(15
)
Net income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity
$
444

 
$
11

 
  NM
 
$
827

 
$
66

 
     NM
Corporate
58

 
642

 
(91
)
 
397

 
815

 
(51
)
Total net income
$
502

 
$
653

 
(23
)
 
$
1,224

 
$
881

 
39

Headcount
21,444

 
19,482

 
10

 
21,444

 
19,482

 
10

(a)
Net interest income in 2011 was lower compared with 2010, primarily driven by lower funding benefits on the securities portfolio.
(b)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $69 million and $57 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively; and $133 million and $105 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(c)
Included litigation expense of $1.3 billion and $1.6 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, compared with $694 million and $3.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010 , respectively.
Quarterly results
Net income was $502 million, compared with net income of $653 million in the prior year.
Private Equity net income was $444 million, compared with $11 million in the prior year. Net revenue was $796 million, an increase of $748 million, driven primarily by gains on sales and net increases in investment valuations. Noninterest expense was $102 million, an increase of $70 million from the prior year.
Corporate reported net income of $58 million, compared with $642 million in the prior year. Net revenue was $1.3 billion, including $837 million of securities gains. Noninterest expense included $1.3 billion of additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage-related matters. Noninterest expense in the prior year included $694 million of additional litigation reserves.
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.2 billion, compared with net income of $881 million in the prior year.
Private Equity net income was $827 million, compared with $66 million in the prior year. Net revenue was $1.5 billion, an increase of $1.3 billion, driven primarily by gains on sales and net increases in investment valuations. Noninterest expense was $215 million, an increase of $153 million from the prior year.
Corporate reported net income of $397 million, compared with $815 million in the prior year. Net revenue was $2.1 billion, including $939 million of securities gains. Noninterest expense was $1.8 billion, which included $1.6 billion of additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage related matters. Noninterest expense in the prior year was $3.3 billion which included $3.0 billion of additional litigation reserves.

46





Treasury and Chief Investment Office (“CIO”)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change

 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Securities gains(a)
$
837

 
$
989

 
(15
)%
 
$
939

 
$
1,599

 
(41
)%
Investment securities portfolio (average)
335,543

 
320,578

 
5

 
324,492

 
325,553

 

Investment securities portfolio (ending)
318,237

 
305,288

 
4

 
318,237

 
305,288

 
4

Mortgage loans (average)
12,731

 
8,539

 
49

 
12,078

 
8,352

 
45

Mortgage loans (ending)
13,243

 
8,900

 
49

 
13,243

 
8,900

 
49

(a)
Reflects repositioning of the Corporate investment securities portfolio.
For further information on the investment securities portfolio, see Note 3 and Note 11 on pages 102–114 and 128–132, respectively, of this Form 10-Q. For further information on CIO VaR and the Firm's nontrading interest rate-sensitive revenue at risk, see the Market Risk Management section on pages 88–92 of this Form 10-Q.
Private Equity Portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
Change
 
2011

 
2010

 
Change

Private equity gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Realized gains
$
1,219

 
$
78

 
NM
 
$
1,390

 
$
191

 
   NM
Unrealized gains/(losses)(a)
(726
)
 
(7
)
 
NM
 
(356
)
 
(82
)
 
(334
)%
Total direct investments
493

 
71

 
NM
 
1,034

 
109

 
   NM
Third-party fund investments
323

 
4

 
NM
 
509

 
102

 
399

Total private equity gains/(losses)(b)
$
816

 
$
75

 
NM
 
$
1,543

 
$
211

 
   NM

Private equity portfolio information(c)
 
 
 
 
 
Direct investments
(in millions)
June 30, 2011

 
December 31, 2010

 
Change
Publicly held securities
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
$
670

 
$
875

 
(23
)%
Cost
595

 
732

 
(19
)
Quoted public value
721

 
935

 
(23
)
Privately held direct securities
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
5,680

 
5,882

 
(3
)
Cost
6,891

 
6,887

 

Third-party fund investments(d)
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
2,481

 
1,980

 
25

Cost
2,464

 
2,404

 
2

Total private equity portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
$
8,831

 
$
8,737

 
1

Cost
$
9,950

 
$
10,023

 
(1
)
(a)
Unrealized gains/(losses) contain reversals of unrealized gains and losses that were recognized in prior periods and have now been realized.
(b)
Included in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
(c)
For more information on the Firm's policies regarding the valuation of the private equity portfolio, see Note 3 on pages 170–187 of JPMorgan Chase's 2010 Annual Report.
(d)
Unfunded commitments to third-party private equity funds were $876 million and $1.0 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

The carrying value of the private equity portfolio at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, was $8.8 billion and $8.7 billion, respectively. The increase in the portfolio during the six months ended June 30, 2011, is primarily due to net increases in investment valuations in the portfolio and incremental new investments, partially offset by sales. The portfolio represented 6.6% and 6.9% of the Firm's stockholders' equity less goodwill at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

47





INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS
During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm reported approximately $6.8 billion and $13.6 billion, respectively, of revenue derived from clients, customers and counterparties domiciled outside of North America. Of those amounts, approximately 69% and 68%, respectively, was derived from Europe/Middle East/Africa (“EMEA”); approximately 21% and 23%, respectively, from Asia/Pacific; and approximately 10% and 9%, respectively, from Latin America/Caribbean. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm reported approximately $4.9 billion and $11.7 billion, respectively, of revenue derived from clients, customers and counterparties domiciled outside of North America. Of those amounts, approximately 63% and 67%, respectively, was derived from EMEA; approximately 28% and 25%, respectively, from Asia/Pacific; and approximately 9% and 8%, respectively, from Latin America/Caribbean.
The Firm is committed to further expanding its wholesale business activities outside of the United States, and it intends to add additional client-serving bankers, as well as product and sales support personnel, to address the needs of the Firm's clients located in these regions. With a comprehensive and coordinated international business strategy and growth plan, efforts and investments for growth outside of the United States will be accelerated and prioritized.
Set forth below are certain key metrics related to the Firm's wholesale international operations including, for each of EMEA, Asia Pacific, and Latin America/Caribbean, the number of countries in each such region in which it operates, front-office headcount, number of clients, revenue and selected balance sheet data. For additional information regarding international operations, see International Operations on page 91, and Note 33 on page 290 of JPMorgan Chase's 2010 Annual Report.
 
EMEA
Asia/Pacific
Latin America/Caribbean
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
Three months
ended June 30,

Six months
ended June 30,

Three months ended June 30,
Six months
ended June 30,
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
2011
2010
• Revenue
$
4,628

$
3,083

$
9,118

$
7,843

$
1,414

$
1,399

$
3,151

$
2,907

$
668

$
443

$
1,237

$
923

• Countries of operation

34

33

34

33

16

16

16

16

8

8

8

8

  Total
headcount(a)
16,547

15,661

16,547

15,661

20,259

18,065

20,259

18,065

1,260

964

1,260

964

• Front-office headcount
6,140

5,580

6,140

5,580

4,470

4,027

4,470

4,027

528

401

528

401

  Significant
clients(b)
951

915

951

915

475

408

475

408

163

146

163

146

  Deposits
(average)(c)
$
163,150

$
133,464

$
154,901

$
136,821

$
51,604

$
49,708

$
49,510

$
51,844

$
2,356

$
1,372

$
2,228

$
1,352

  Loans
(period-end)(d)
33,496

26,111

33,496

26,111

25,400

17,831

25,400

17,831

21,172

13,577

21,172

13,577

• Assets under management (in billions)
298

239

298

239

119

95

119

95

37

24

37

24

• Assets under supervision (in billions)

353

282

353

282

161

127

161

127

94

68

94

68

Note: Wholesale international operations comprises IB, AM, TSS, CB and CIO/Treasury.
(a)
Total headcount includes all employees, including those in service centers, located in the region.
(b)
Significant clients are defined as companies with over $1 million in revenue over a trailing twelve month period in the region (excludes private banking clients).
(c)
Deposits are based on booking location.
(d)
Loans outstanding are based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower and exclude loans held-for-sale and loans carried at fair value.

48





BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
Selected Consolidated Balance Sheets data
 
 
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2011

 
December 31, 2010

Assets
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
30,466

 
$
27,567

Deposits with banks
169,880

 
21,673

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
213,362

 
222,554

Securities borrowed
121,493

 
123,587

Trading assets:
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
381,339

 
409,411

Derivative receivables
77,383

 
80,481

Securities
324,741

 
316,336

Loans
689,736

 
692,927

Allowance for loan losses
(28,520
)
 
(32,266
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
661,216

 
660,661

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
80,292

 
70,147

Premises and equipment
13,679

 
13,355

Goodwill
48,882

 
48,854

Mortgage servicing rights
12,243

 
13,649

Other intangible assets
3,679

 
4,039

Other assets
108,109

 
105,291

Total assets
$
2,246,764

 
$
2,117,605

Liabilities
 
 
 
Deposits
$
1,048,685

 
$
930,369

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
254,124

 
276,644

Commercial paper
51,160

 
35,363

Other borrowed funds(a)
30,208

 
34,325

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
84,865

 
76,947

Derivative payables
63,668

 
69,219

Accounts payable and other liabilities
184,490

 
170,330

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
67,457

 
77,649

Long-term debt(a) 
279,228

 
270,653

Total liabilities
2,063,885

 
1,941,499

Stockholders’ equity
182,879

 
176,106

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,246,764

 
$
2,117,605

(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, $23.0 billion of long-term advances from FHLBs were reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The prior-year period has been revised to conform with the current presentation. For additional information, see Note 3 and Note 18 on pages 102–114 and 164, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Consolidated Balance Sheets overview
JPMorgan Chase’s assets and liabilities increased from December 31, 2010, predominantly due to an overall growth in wholesale clients’ cash management activities in the first six months of 2011, as well as an increase in deposit inflows toward the end of the second quarter of 2011. The inflows contributed to higher deposits with banks – in particular, balances due from Federal Reserve Banks. In addition to deposits with banks, other factors affecting the increase in total assets included higher accrued interest and accounts receivable offset partially by lower trading assets – debt and equity instruments. In addition to deposits, other factors affecting the increase in total liabilities were higher commercial paper, and accounts payable and other liabilities, offset by lower federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and lower beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs. The increase in stockholders’ equity primarily reflected net income for the six months ended June 30, 2011, net of repurchases of common stock and the declaration of dividends.

49





The following is a discussion of the significant changes in the specific line captions of the Consolidated Balance Sheets from December 31, 2010. For a description of the specific line captions discussed below, see pages 92–94 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Deposits with banks; federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements; and securities borrowed
Deposits with banks increased significantly, reflecting a higher level of balances due from Federal Reserve Banks; the increase was predominantly the result of an overall growth in wholesale clients’ cash management activities in the first six months of 2011, as well as an increase in inflows of short-term wholesale deposits from TSS clients toward the end of June 2011. For additional information, see the deposits discussion below. Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed decreased predominantly in IB, reflecting lower client financing activity.
Trading assets and liabilities debt and equity instruments
Trading assets – debt and equity instruments decreased based upon client market-making activity in IB. The decrease was primarily due to declines in U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities and equity securities, partially offset by an increase in non-U.S. government debt securities. For additional information, refer to Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q.
Trading assets and liabilities derivative receivables and payables
Derivative receivables and payables decreased, largely due to a reduction in foreign exchange derivatives offset partially by an increase in equity derivatives, from IB’s market-making activity. For additional information, refer to Derivative contracts on pages 73–75, and Note 3 and Note 5 on pages 102–114 and 117–124, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Securities
Securities increased, largely due to repositioning of the portfolio in Corporate in response to changes in the interest rate environment. This repositioning increased the levels of non-U.S. government debt and mortgage-backed securities, and reduced the levels of corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities. For additional information related to securities, refer to the discussion in the Corporate/Private Equity segment on pages 46–47, and Note 3 and Note 11 on pages 102–114 and 128–132, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Loans and allowance for loan losses
Loans decreased modestly, reflecting continued portfolio runoff in RFS, as well as lower seasonal balances, higher repayment rates, continued runoff of the Washington Mutual portfolio and the sale of the Kohl’s portfolio in CS. These decreases were offset partially by an increase in wholesale loans, reflecting growth in client activity in all of the Firm’s wholesale businesses. The allowance for loan losses decreased, predominantly as a result of lower estimated losses in the credit card loan portfolio, as well as loan sales and net repayments in the wholesale portfolio. For a more detailed discussion of the loan portfolio and the allowance for loan losses, refer to Credit Risk Management on pages 67–88, and Notes 3, 4, 13 and 14 on pages 102–114, 114–116, 134–148 and 149–150, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
Accrued interest and accounts receivable increased, largely from higher receivables from securities transactions pending settlement.
Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs decreased, primarily due to changes to inputs and assumptions in the MSR valuation model. During the first quarter of 2011, the Firm revised its cost to service assumption to reflect the estimated impact of higher servicing costs to enhance servicing processes, particularly loan modification and foreclosure procedures, including costs to comply with Consent Orders entered into with banking regulators, which resulted in a $1.1 billion decrease in the fair value of the MSR asset. Declining interest rates also contributed to the decrease in the fair value of the MSR asset. Other than the increased cost to service assumption and the decrease in interest rates, predominately all of the changes in the fair value of the MSR asset resulted from the largely offsetting impacts of new capitalization and amortization. For additional information on MSRs, see Note 3 and Note 16 on pages 102–114 and 159–163, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Other intangible assets
The decrease in other intangible assets was predominantly due to amortization. For additional information on other intangible assets, see Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
Deposits
Deposits increased significantly, predominantly as a result of an overall growth in wholesale clients’ cash management activities during the first six months of 2011 and an increase in inflows toward the end of June 2011 of short-term wholesale deposits from TSS clients. Also contributing to the increase in deposits was growth in the number of clients and higher balances in CB, AM and RFS (the RFS deposits were net of the attrition related to inactive and low-balance Washington Mutual accounts). For more information on deposits, refer to the RFS and AM segment discussions on pages 23–32 and 42–45, respectively; the Liquidity Risk Management discussion on pages 62–66; and Notes 3 and 17 on pages 102–114 and 164, respectively, of this Form 10-Q. For more information on wholesale liability balances, which includes deposits, refer to the CB and TSS segment discussions on pages 36–38 and 39–41, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.

50





Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
Securities sold under repurchase agreements decreased predominantly in IB, due to lower financing of the Firm’s trading assets, as well as lower client financing balances. For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management, see pages 62–66 of this Form 10-Q.
Commercial paper and other borrowed funds
Commercial paper and other borrowed funds increased, due to growth in the volume of liability balances in sweep accounts related to TSS’s cash management product, and a modest incremental increase in commercial paper issued in wholesale funding markets. For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management and other borrowed funds, see pages 62–66, and Note 18 on page 164 of this Form 10-Q.
Accounts payable and other liabilities
Accounts payable and other liabilities increased, largely due to higher IB Prime Services customer balances and additional litigation reserves, predominantly for mortgage-related matters.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
Beneficial interests decreased, predominantly due to maturities of Firm-sponsored credit card securitization transactions. For additional information on Firm-sponsored VIEs and loan securitization trusts, see Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements below, and Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
Long-term debt
Long-term debt increased, due to net issuances of long-term borrowings. For additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt activities, see the Liquidity Risk Management discussion on pages 62–66 of this Form 10-Q.
Stockholders’ equity
Total stockholders’ equity increased, predominantly due to net income in the first half of 2011; a net increase in accumulated other comprehensive income, reflecting net unrealized gains on AFS securities associated with increased market values on agency MBS and municipal securities, partially offset by the widening of spreads on non-U.S. corporate debt, the realization of gains due to portfolio repositioning, and the net change in the fair values of derivatives used for cash flow-hedging purposes; and net issuances and commitments to issue under the Firm’s employee stock-based compensation plans. The increase was partially offset by repurchases of common stock and the declaration of cash dividends on common and preferred stock.


51





OFF–BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
JPMorgan Chase is involved with several types of off–balance sheet arrangements, including through special-purpose entities (“SPEs”), which are a type of VIE, and through lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees). For further discussion, see Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Cash Obligations on pages 95–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Special-purpose entities
SPEs are the most common type of VIE, used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute related cash flows to investors. SPEs continue to be an important part of the financial markets, including the mortgage- and asset-backed securities and commercial paper markets, as they provide market liquidity by facilitating investors’ access to specific portfolios of assets and risks. The Firm holds capital, as deemed appropriate, against all SPE-related transactions and related exposures, such as derivative transactions and lending-related commitments and guarantees. For further information on the Firm’s involvement with SPEs, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q; and Note 1 on pages 164–165 and Note 15 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Implications of a credit rating downgrade to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
For certain liquidity commitments to SPEs, the Firm could be required to provide funding if the short-term credit rating of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., were downgraded below specific levels, primarily “P-1,” “A-1” and “F1” for Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, respectively. The aggregate amounts of these liquidity commitments, to both consolidated and nonconsolidated SPEs, were $35.7 billion and $34.2 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. Alternatively, if JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., were downgraded, the Firm could be replaced by another liquidity provider in lieu of providing funding under the liquidity commitment or, in certain circumstances, the Firm could facilitate the sale or refinancing of the assets in the SPE in order to provide liquidity.
Special-purpose entities revenue
The following table summarizes certain revenue information related to consolidated and nonconsolidated VIEs with which the Firm has significant involvement. The revenue reported in the table below primarily represents contractual servicing and credit fee income (i.e., income from acting as administrator, structurer or liquidity provider). It does not include gains and losses from changes in the fair value of trading positions (such as derivative transactions) entered into with VIEs. Those gains and losses are recorded in principal transactions revenue.
Revenue from VIEs and securitization entities(a)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Multi-seller conduits
$
44

 
$
60

 
$
92

 
$
127

Investor intermediation
10

 
12

 
25

 
25

Other securitization entities(b)
361

 
544

 
773

 
1,088

Total
$
415

 
$
616

 
$
890

 
$
1,240

(a)
Includes revenue associated with both consolidated VIEs and significant nonconsolidated VIEs.
(b)
Excludes servicing revenue from loans sold to and securitized by third parties.
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees and the Firm’s accounting for them, see Lending-related commitments on page 75 and Note 21 on pages 167–171 of this Form 10-Q; and Lending-related commitments on page 128 and Note 30 on pages 275–280 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents, as of June 30, 2011, the amounts by contractual maturity of off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments. The amounts in the table for credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available credit to borrowers for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products would be used by borrowers at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases, without notice as permitted by law. The Firm may reduce or close home equity lines of credit when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower. The accompanying table excludes certain guarantees that do not have a contractual maturity date (e.g., loan sale and securitization-related indemnification obligations). For further information, see discussion of Mortgage repurchase liability and Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications on

52





pages 53–56 and in Note 21 on pages 167–171, respectively, of this Form 10-Q, and Repurchase liability and Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications on pages 98–101 and in Note 30 on pages 275–280, respectively, of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2011
 
Dec 31, 2010
 
 
 
Expires after
1 year through
3 years
 
Expires after
3 years through
5 years
 
 
 
 
 
 
By remaining maturity 
(in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
 
 
Expires after
5 years
 
Total
 
Total
Lending-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer, excluding credit card:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien
$
778

 
$
4,182

 
$
5,342

 
$
6,963

 
$
17,265

 
$
17,662

Home equity – junior lien
1,615

 
8,384

 
9,364

 
9,223

 
28,586

 
30,948

Prime mortgage
1,117

 

 

 

 
1,117

 
1,266

Subprime mortgage

 

 

 

 

 

Auto
6,532

 
259

 
4

 

 
6,795

 
5,246

Business banking
9,279

 
378

 
73

 
316

 
10,046

 
9,702

Student and other
25

 
151

 
165

 
499

 
840

 
579

Total consumer, excluding credit card
19,346

 
13,354

 
14,948

 
17,001

 
64,649

 
65,403

Credit card
535,625

 

 

 

 
535,625

 
547,227

Total consumer
554,971

 
13,354

 
14,948

 
17,001

 
600,274

 
612,630

Wholesale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(a)(b)
62,760

 
80,905

 
59,138

 
7,220

 
210,023

 
199,859

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(a)(b)(c)(d)
27,369

 
39,083

 
26,546

 
4,052

 
97,050

 
94,837

Unused advised lines of credit
39,841

 
12,252

 
186

 
569

 
52,848

 
44,720

Other letters of credit(a)(d)
3,973

 
1,669

 
126

 

 
5,768

 
6,663

Total wholesale
133,943

 
133,909

 
85,996

 
11,841

 
365,689

 
346,079

Total lending-related
$
688,914

 
$
147,263

 
$
100,944

 
$
28,842

 
$
965,963

 
$
958,709

Other guarantees and commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities lending guarantees(e)
$
205,411

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
205,411

 
$
181,717

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees(f)
3,410

 
723

 
43,763

 
36,193

 
84,089

 
87,768

Unsettled reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements
59,570

 

 

 

 
59,570

 
39,927

Other guarantees and commitments(g)
1,113

 
232

 
308

 
4,524

 
6,177

 
6,492

(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, represented the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $608 million and $542 million, respectively, for Other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $22.3 billion and $22.4 billion, respectively, for Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, for Other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included credit enhancements and bond and commercial paper liquidity commitments to U.S. states and municipalities, hospitals and other not-for-profit entities of $46.4 billion and $43.4 billion, respectively. These commitments also include liquidity facilities to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs; for further information, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included unissued Standby letters of credit commitments of $41.9 billion and $41.6 billion, respectively.
(d)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, JPMorgan Chase held collateral relating to $39.3 billion and $37.8 billion, respectively, of Standby letters of credit; and $1.7 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, of collateral related to Other letters of credit.
(e)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements totaled $207.9 billion and $185.0 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral comprises primarily cash, and securities issued by governments that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and U.S. government agencies.
(f)
Represents the notional amounts of derivative contracts qualifying as guarantees. For further discussion of guarantees, see Note 5 on pages 117–124 and Note 21 on pages 167–171 of this Form 10-Q.
(g)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included unfunded commitments of $876 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, to third-party private equity funds; and $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, to other equity investments. These commitments included $815 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, related to investments that are generally fair valued at net asset value as discussed in Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q. In addition, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included letters of credit hedged by derivative transactions and managed on a market risk basis of $3.8 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively .
Mortgage repurchase liability
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the “GSEs”) and other mortgage loan sale and private-label securitization transactions, the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Firm may be, and has been, required to repurchase loans and/or indemnify the GSEs and other investors for losses due to material breaches of these representations and warranties; however, predominantly all of the

53





repurchase demands received by the Firm and the Firm’s losses realized to date are related to loans sold to the GSEs. The primary reasons for repurchase demands from the GSEs relate to alleged misrepresentations primarily arising from: (i) credit quality and/or undisclosed debt of the borrower; (ii) income level and/or employment status of the borrower; and (iii) appraised value of collateral. In substantially all instances where mortgage insurance has been rescinded, this resulted in a violation of representations and warranties made to the GSEs and, therefore, has also been a cause of repurchase demands from the GSEs.
From 2005 to 2008, excluding Washington Mutual, loans sold to the GSEs subject to certain representations and warranties for which the Firm may be liable were approximately $380 billion; this amount represents the principal amount sold and has not been adjusted for subsequent activity, such as borrower repayments of principal or repurchases completed to date. In addition, from 2005 to 2008, Washington Mutual sold approximately $150 billion of loans to the GSEs subject to certain representations and warranties. Subsequent to the Firm’s acquisition of certain assets and liabilities of Washington Mutual from the FDIC in September 2008, the Firm resolved and/or limited certain current and future repurchase demands for loans sold to the GSEs by Washington Mutual, although it remains the Firm’s position that such obligations remain with the FDIC receivership. For additional information regarding loans sold to the GSEs, see Repurchase liability on pages 98–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm also sells loans in securitization transactions with Ginnie Mae; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by a government agency. The Firm, in its role as servicer, may elect, but is not required, to repurchase delinquent loans securitized by Ginnie Mae, including those that have been sold back to Ginnie Mae subsequent to modification. Amounts due under the terms of these repurchased loans continue to be insured and the reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally. Accordingly, the Firm has not recorded any repurchase liability related to these loans.
From 2005 to 2008, the Firm and certain acquired entities made certain loan level representations and warranties in connection with approximately $450 billion of residential mortgage loans that were sold or deposited into private-label securitizations. Of the $450 billion originally sold or deposited (including $165 billion by Washington Mutual, as to which the Firm maintains that certain of the repurchase obligations remain with the FDIC receivership), approximately $185 billion of principal has been repaid (including $68 billion related to Washington Mutual). Approximately $90 billion of the principal has been liquidated (including $32 billion related to Washington Mutual), with an average loss severity of 58%. The remaining outstanding principal balance of these loans (including Washington Mutual) was, as of June 30, 2011, approximately $175 billion of which $62 billion was 60 days or more past due. The remaining outstanding principal balance of loans related to Washington Mutual was approximately $65 billion of which $23 billion were 60 days or more past due. For additional information regarding loans sold to private investors, see Repurchase liability on pages 98–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
To date, loan-level repurchase demands in private-label securitizations have been limited. As a result, the Firm’s repurchase reserve primarily relates to loan sales to the GSEs and is predominantly calculated based on the Firm’s repurchase activity experience with the GSEs. While it is possible that the volume of repurchase demands from other investors in private-label securitizations will increase in the future, the Firm cannot offer a reasonable estimate of those future demands based on historical experience to date. To the extent that repurchase demands are received related to loans that the Firm purchased from third parties that remain viable, the Firm typically will have the right to seek a recovery of related repurchase losses from the related third party. Claims related to private-label securitizations (including claims from insurers that have guaranteed certain obligations of the securitization trusts) have, thus far, generally manifested themselves through securities-related litigation. The Firm does not consider these claims in estimating its repurchase liability; rather, the Firm separately evaluates its exposure to such litigation in establishing its litigation reserves. For additional information regarding litigation, see Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q.
Estimated Mortgage Repurchase Liability
To estimate the Firm’s repurchase liability arising from breaches of representations and warranties, the Firm considers:
(i)
the level of outstanding unresolved repurchase demands,
(ii)
estimated probable future repurchase demands considering information about file requests, delinquent and liquidated loans, resolved and unresolved mortgage insurance rescission notices and the Firm's historical experience,
(iii)
the potential ability of the Firm to cure the defects identified in the repurchase demands (“cure rate”),
(iv)
the estimated severity of loss upon repurchase of the loan or collateral, make-whole settlement, or indemnification,
(v)
the Firm’s potential ability to recover its losses from third-party originators, and
(vi)
the terms of agreements with certain mortgage insurers and other parties.
Based on these factors, the Firm has recognized a repurchase liability of $3.6 billion and $3.3 billion as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. For further discussion of the repurchase demand process and the approach used by the Firm to estimate the repurchase liability, see Repurchase liability on pages 98–101 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

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The following table provides information about outstanding repurchase demands and unresolved mortgage insurance rescission notices, excluding those related to Washington Mutual, at each of the past five quarter-end dates.
Outstanding repurchase demands and unresolved mortgage insurance rescission notices by counterparty type(a) 
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
 
March 31, 2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2010
 
June 30,
2010
GSEs and other
$
1,826

 
$
1,321

 
$
1,251

 
$
1,333

 
$
1,562

Mortgage insurers
1,093

 
1,240

 
1,121

 
1,007

 
1,319

Overlapping population(b)
(145
)
 
(127
)
 
(104
)
 
(109
)
 
(239
)
Total
$
2,774

 
$
2,434

 
$
2,268

 
$
2,231

 
$
2,642

(a)
Prior periods have been revised to include repurchase demands and mortgage insurance rescission notices related to certain loans sold or deposited into private-label securitizations. The Firm’s outstanding repurchase demands are predominantly from the GSEs.
(b)
Because the GSEs may make repurchase demands based on mortgage insurance rescission notices that remain unresolved, certain loans may be subject to both an unresolved mortgage insurance rescission notice and an unresolved repurchase demand.
The following tables show the trend in repurchase demands and mortgage insurance rescission notices received by loan origination vintage, excluding those related to Washington Mutual, for the past five quarters. The Firm expects repurchase demands to remain at elevated levels.
Quarterly mortgage repurchase demands received by loan origination vintage(a) 
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
 
March 31,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2010
 
June 30,
2010
Pre-2005
$
32

 
$
15

 
$
39

 
$
31

 
$
37

2005
57

 
45

 
73

 
67

 
99

2006
363

 
158

 
198

 
213

 
300

2007
510

 
381

 
539

 
537

 
539

2008
301

 
249

 
254

 
191

 
186

Post-2008
89

 
94

 
65

 
46

 
53

Total repurchase demands received
$
1,352

 
$
942

 
$
1,168

 
$
1,085

 
$
1,214

(a) Prior periods have been revised to include repurchase demands related to certain loans sold or deposited into private-label securitizations.

Quarterly mortgage insurance rescission notices received by loan origination vintage (a) 
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
 
March 31,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
September 30,
2010
 
June 30,
2010
Pre-2005
$
3

 
$
5

 
$
3

 
$
5

 
$
4

2005
24

 
32

 
9

 
7

 
9

2006
39

 
65

 
53

 
69

 
48

2007
72

 
144

 
142

 
134

 
182

2008
31

 
49

 
50

 
43

 
52

Post-2008
1

 
1

 
1

 

 

Total mortgage insurance rescissions received(b)
$
170

 
$
296

 
$
258

 
$
258

 
$
295

(a)
Prior periods have been revised to include mortgage insurance rescission notices related to certain loans sold or deposited into private-label securitizations.
(b)
Mortgage insurance rescissions may ultimately result in a repurchase demand from the GSEs on a lagged basis. This table includes mortgage insurance rescission notices for which the GSEs may also have issued a repurchase demand.
Because the Firm has demonstrated an ability to cure certain types of defects more frequently than others (e.g., missing documents), trends in the types of defects identified as well as the Firm’s historical data are considered in estimating the future cure rate. Since the beginning of 2010, the Firm’s overall cure rate, excluding Washington Mutual, has been approximately 50%. Repurchases that have resulted from mortgage insurance rescissions are reflected in the Firm’s overall cure rate. While the actual cure rate may vary from quarter to quarter, the Firm expects that the overall cure rate will remain in the 40–50% range for the foreseeable future.
The Firm has not observed a direct relationship between the type of defect that causes the breach of representations and warranties and the severity of the realized loss. Therefore, the loss severity assumption is estimated using the Firm’s historical experience and projections regarding home price appreciation. Actual loss severities on finalized repurchases and “make-whole” settlements to date, excluding any related to Washington Mutual, currently average approximately 50%, but may vary from quarter to quarter based on the characteristics of the underlying loans and changes in home prices.
When a loan was originated by a third-party correspondent, the Firm typically has the right to seek a recovery of related repurchase losses from the correspondent originator. Correspondent-originated loans comprise approximately 59% of loans underlying outstanding repurchase demands, excluding those related to Washington Mutual. The actual third-party recovery rate may vary from quarter to quarter based upon the underlying mix of correspondents (e.g., active, inactive, out-of-business originators) from which recoveries are being sought.

55





The Firm has entered into agreements with two mortgage insurers to resolve their claims on certain portfolios for which the Firm is a servicer. These two agreements cover and have resolved approximately one-third of the Firm's total mortgage insurance rescission risk exposure, both in terms of the unpaid principal balance of serviced loans covered by mortgage insurance and the amount of mortgage insurance coverage. The impact of these agreements is reflected in the repurchase liability and the disclosed outstanding mortgage insurance rescission notices as of June 30, 2011. The Firm has considered its remaining unresolved mortgage insurance rescission risk exposure in estimating the repurchase liability as of June 30, 2011.
Substantially all of the estimates and assumptions underlying the Firm's established methodology for computing its recorded repurchase liability – including the amount of probable future demands from purchasers (which is in part based on the historical experience), the ability of the Firm to cure identified defects, the severity of loss upon repurchase or foreclosure and recoveries from third parties – require application of a significant level of management judgment. Estimating the repurchase liability is further complicated by limited and rapidly changing historical data and uncertainty surrounding numerous external factors, including: (i) economic factors (for example, further declines in home prices and changes in borrower behavior may lead to increases in the number of defaults, the severity of losses, or both), and (ii) the level of future demands, which is dependent, in part, on actions taken by third parties, such as the GSEs and mortgage insurers. While the Firm uses the best information available to it in estimating its repurchase liability, the estimation process is inherently uncertain, imprecise and potentially volatile as additional information is obtained and external factors continue to evolve.
The following table summarizes the change in the repurchase liability for each of the periods presented.
Summary of changes in mortgage repurchase liability
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Repurchase liability at beginning of period
$
3,474

 
$
1,982

 
$
3,285

 
$
1,705

Realized losses(a)
(241
)
 
(317
)
 
(472
)
 
(563
)
Provision for repurchase losses
398

 
667

 
818

 
1,190

Repurchase liability at end of period
$
3,631

 
$
2,332

 
$
3,631

 
$
2,332

(a)
Includes principal losses and accrued interest on repurchased loans, “make-whole” settlements, settlements with claimants, and certain related expenses. Make-whole settlements were $126 million and $150 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $241 million and $255 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
The following table summarizes the total unpaid principal balance of repurchases during the periods indicated.
Unpaid principal balance of mortgage loan repurchases(a) 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Ginnie Mae(b)
$
1,228

 
$
3,230

 
$
2,713

 
$
5,240

GSEs and other(c)(d)
247

 
494

 
463

 
815

Total
$
1,475

 
$
3,724

 
$
3,176

 
$
6,055

(a)
Excludes mortgage insurers. While the rescission of mortgage insurance may ultimately trigger a repurchase demand, the mortgage insurers themselves do not present repurchase demands to the Firm.
(b)
In substantially all cases, these repurchases represent the Firm’s voluntary repurchase of certain delinquent loans from loan pools or packages as permitted by Ginnie Mae guidelines (i.e., they do not result from repurchase demands due to breaches of representations and warranties). The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), Rural Housing Administration (“RHA”) and/or the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”).
(c)
Predominantly all of the repurchases related to GSEs.
(d)
Nonaccrual loans held-for-investment included $378 million and $354 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, of loans repurchased as a result of breaches of representations and warranties.


56





CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The following discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s capital management highlights developments since December 31, 2010, and should be read in conjunction with Capital Management on pages 102–106 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm’s capital management objectives are to hold capital sufficient to:
Cover all material risks underlying the Firm’s business activities;
Maintain “well-capitalized” status under regulatory requirements;
Achieve debt rating targets;
Retain flexibility to take advantage of future investment opportunities; and
Build and invest in businesses, even in a highly stressed environment.
Regulatory capital
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) establishes similar capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s national banks, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, JPMorgan Chase and all of its banking subsidiaries were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.
The following table presents the regulatory capital, assets and risk-based capital ratios for JPMorgan Chase and its significant banking subsidiaries at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. These amounts are determined in accordance with regulations issued by the Federal Reserve and/or OCC.
 
 JPMorgan Chase & Co.(i)
 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.(j)
 
Chase Bank USA, N.A.(j)
 
Well-capitalized ratios(j)
Minimum capital ratios(j)
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2011
 
Dec. 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
 
Dec. 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
 
Dec. 31, 2010
 
Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1(a) 
$
148,880

 
$
142,450

 
$
93,498

 
$
91,764

 
$
13,299

 
$
12,966

 
 
 
 
 
Total
187,899

 
182,216

 
131,537

 
130,444

 
16,789

 
16,659

 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1 common(b) 
121,209

 
114,763

 
92,715

 
90,981

 
13,299

 
12,966

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted(c)(d)
1,198,711

 
1,174,978

 
1,003,568

 
965,897

 
102,460

 
116,992

 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted average(e)
2,129,510

 
2,024,515

 
1,701,794

 
1,611,486

 
104,073

 
117,368

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tier 1(a)(f)
12.4
%
 
12.1
%
 
9.3
%
 
9.5
%
 
13.0
%
 
11.1
%
 
6.0
%
4.0
%
Total(g) 
15.7

 
15.5

 
13.1

 
13.5

 
16.4

 
14.2

 
10.0
 
8.0
 
Tier 1 leverage(h)
7.0

 
7.0

 
5.5

 
5.7

 
12.8

 
11.0

 
5.0
(k) 
3.0
(l) 
Tier 1 common(b)
10.1

 
9.8

 
9.2

 
9.4

 
13.0

 
11.1

 
NA
 
NA
 
(a)
At June 30, 2011, for JPMorgan Chase and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., trust preferred capital debt securities were $19.7 billion and $600 million, respectively. If these securities were excluded from the calculation at June 30, 2011, Tier 1 capital would be $129.1 billion and $92.9 billion, respectively, and corresponding Tier 1 capital ratios would be 10.8% and 9.3%, respectively. At June 30, 2011, Chase Bank USA, N.A. had no trust preferred capital debt securities.
(b)
The Tier 1 common ratio is Tier 1 common divided by RWA. Tier 1 common capital is defined as Tier 1 capital less elements of capital not in the form of common equity, such as perpetual preferred stock, noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries, and trust preferred capital debt securities. Tier 1 common capital, a non-GAAP financial measure, is used by banking regulators, investors and analysts to assess and compare the quality and composition of the Firm’s capital with the capital of other financial services companies. The Firm uses Tier 1 common along with the other capital measures to assess and monitor its capital position.
(c)
Risk-weighted assets (RWA) consist of on and offbalance sheet assets that are assigned to one of several broad risk categories and weighted by factors representing their risk and potential for default. Onbalance sheet assets are risk-weighted based on the perceived credit risk associated with the obligor or counterparty, the nature of any collateral, and the guarantor, if any. Offbalance sheet assets such as lending-related commitments, guarantees, derivatives and other offbalance sheet positions are risk-weighted by multiplying the contractual amount by the appropriate credit conversion factor to determine the onbalance sheet credit-equivalent amount, which is then risk-weighted based on the same factors used for onbalance sheet assets. RWA also incorporates a measure for the market risk related to applicable trading assets debt and equity instruments, and foreign exchange and commodity derivatives. The resulting risk-weighted values for each of the risk categories are then aggregated to determine total RWA.
(d)
Included offbalance sheet RWA at June 30, 2011, of $300.8 billion, $287.5 billion and $30 million, and at December 31, 2010, of $282.9 billion, $274.2 billion and $31 million, for JPMorgan Chase, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A., respectively.
(e)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratio, include total quarterly average assets adjusted for unrealized gains/(losses) on securities, less deductions for disallowed goodwill and other intangible assets, investments in certain subsidiaries, and the total adjusted carrying value of nonfinancial equity investments that are subject to deductions from Tier 1 capital.
(f)
Tier 1 capital ratio is Tier 1 capital divided by RWA. Tier 1 capital consists of common stockholders’ equity, perpetual preferred stock, noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries and trust preferred capital debt securities, less goodwill and certain other adjustments.
(g)
Total capital ratio is Total capital divided by RWA. Total capital is Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital consists of preferred stock not qualifying as Tier 1, subordinated long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2, and the aggregate allowance for credit losses up to a certain percentage of RWA.
(h)
Tier 1 leverage ratio is Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average assets.
(i)
Asset and capital amounts for JPMorgan Chase’s banking subsidiaries reflect intercompany transactions; whereas the respective amounts for JPMorgan Chase reflect the elimination of intercompany transactions.

57





(j)
As defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC.
(k)
Represents requirements for banking subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act. There is no Tier 1 leverage component in the definition of a well-capitalized bank holding company.
(l)
The minimum Tier 1 leverage ratio for bank holding companies and banks is 3% or 4%, depending on factors specified in regulations issued by the Federal Reserve and OCC.
Note: Rating agencies allow measures of capital to be adjusted upward for deferred tax liabilities, which have resulted from both nontaxable business combinations and from tax-deductible goodwill. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm had deferred tax liabilities resulting from nontaxable business combinations totaling $576 million and $647 million, respectively; and deferred tax liabilities resulting from tax-deductible goodwill of $2.1 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively.
A reconciliation of Total stockholders’ equity to Tier 1 common capital, Tier 1 capital and Total qualifying capital is presented in the table below.
Risk-based capital components and assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
June 30,
2011
 
December 31, 2010
Total stockholders’ equity
 
$
182,879

 
 
$
176,106

 
Less: Preferred stock
 
7,800

 
 
7,800

 
Common stockholders’ equity
 
175,079

 
 
168,306

 
Effect of certain items in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) excluded from Tier 1 common equity
 
(1,359
)
 
 
(748
)
 
Less: Goodwill(a)
 
46,826

 
 
46,915

 
Fair value DVA on derivative and structured note liabilities related to the Firm’s credit quality
 
1,339

 
 
1,261

 
Investments in certain subsidiaries and other
 
995

 
 
1,032

 
Other intangible assets(a)
 
3,351

 
 
3,587

 
Tier 1 common
 
121,209

 
 
114,763

 
Preferred stock
 
7,800

 
 
7,800

 
Qualifying hybrid securities and noncontrolling interests(b)
 
19,871

 
 
19,887

 
 Total Tier 1 capital
 
148,880

 
 
142,450

 
Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
 
23,884

 
 
25,018

 
Qualifying allowance for credit losses
 
15,221

 
 
14,959

 
Adjustment for investments in certain subsidiaries and other
 
(86
)
 
 
(211
)
 
Total Tier 2 capital
 
39,019

 
 
39,766

 
Total qualifying capital
 
$
187,899

 
 
$
182,216

 
Risk-weighted assets
 
1,198,711

 
 
1,174,978

 
Total adjusted average assets
 
$
2,129,510

 
 
$
2,024,515

 
(a)
Goodwill and other intangible assets are net of any associated deferred tax liabilities.
(b)
Primarily includes trust preferred capital debt securities of certain business trusts.
The Firm’s Tier 1 common capital was $121.2 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $114.8 billion at December 31, 2010, an increase of $6.4 billion. The increase was predominantly due to net income (adjusted for DVA) of $10.9 billion and net issuances and commitments to issue common stock under the Firm’s employee stock-based compensation plans of $1.1 billion. The increase was partially offset by $3.6 billion of repurchases of common stock and $2.4 billion of dividends on common and preferred stock. The Firm’s Tier 1 capital was $148.9 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $142.5 billion at December 31, 2010, an increase of $6.4 billion. The increase in Tier 1 capital reflected the increase in Tier 1 common. Additional information regarding the Firm’s capital ratios and the federal regulatory capital standards to which it is subject is presented in Regulatory developments on pages 9–10 and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors on pages 192–193 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 29 on pages 273–274 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Basel II
The minimum risk-based capital requirements adopted by the U.S. federal banking agencies follow the Capital Accord of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (“Basel I”). In 2004, the Basel Committee published a revision to the Accord (“Basel II”). The goal of the Basel II Framework is to provide more risk-sensitive regulatory capital calculations and promote enhanced risk management practices among large, internationally active banking organizations. U.S. banking regulators published a final Basel II rule in December 2007, which requires JPMorgan Chase to implement Basel II at the holding company level, as well as at certain of its key U.S. bank subsidiaries.
Prior to full implementation of the new Basel II Framework, JPMorgan Chase is required to complete a qualification period of four consecutive quarters during which it needs to demonstrate that it meets the requirements of the rule to the satisfaction of its primary U.S. banking regulators. JPMorgan Chase is currently in the qualification period and expects to be in compliance with all relevant Basel II rules within the established timelines. In addition, the Firm has adopted, and will continue to adopt, based on various established timelines, Basel II rules in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, as required.

58





Basel III
In addition to the Basel II Framework, on December 16, 2010, the Basel Committee issued the final version of the Capital Accord, commonly referred to as “Basel III”, which revised Basel II by, among other things, narrowing the definition of capital, increasing capital requirements for specific exposures, introducing short-term liquidity coverage and term funding standards, and establishing an international leverage ratio. The Basel Committee also announced higher capital ratio requirements under Basel III, which provide that the common equity requirement will be increased to 7%, comprised of a minimum of 4.5% plus a 2.5% capital conservation buffer.
On June 25, 2011, the Basel Committee announced an agreement to require GSIBs to maintain higher Tier 1 common requirements ranging from 1% to 2.5%. In addition, the Basel Committee stated it intended to require certain GSIBs to maintain an additional Tier 1 common requirement of 1% under certain circumstances, to act as a disincentive for the applicable GSIB from taking actions that would further increase its systemic importance. On July 19, 2011, the Basel Committee published a proposal on the GSIB assessment methodology, which reflects an approach based on five broad categories: size; interconnectedness; lack of substitutability; cross-jurisdictional activity; and complexity.
In addition, the U.S. federal banking agencies have published, for public comment, proposed risk-based capital floors pursuant to the requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act to establish a permanent Basel I floor under Basel II and Basel III capital calculations.
The Firm fully expects to be in compliance with the higher Basel III capital standards when they become effective on January 1, 2019, as well as any additional Dodd-Frank Act capital requirements when they are implemented. The Firm estimates that its Tier 1 common ratio under Basel III rules would be 7.6% as of June 30, 2011. Management considers this estimate, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, as a key measure to assess the Firm’s capital position in conjunction with its capital ratios under Basel I requirements, in order to enable management, investors and analysts to compare the Firm’s capital under the Basel III capital standards with similar estimates provided by other financial services companies.
Estimated Tier 1 common under Basel III rules
The following table presents a comparison of Tier 1 common under Basel I rules to an estimated Tier 1 common (a non-GAAP financial measure) under Basel III rules. Tier 1 common under Basel III includes additional adjustments and deductions not included in Basel I Tier 1 common, such as the inclusion of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) related to available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities and defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans, and the deduction of the Firm’s defined benefit pension fund assets.
(in millions, except ratios)
 
     June 30, 2011
Tier 1 common under Basel I rules
 
$
121,209

Adjustments related to AFS securities and defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans-related components of AOCI
 
1,362

Deduction for net defined benefit pension asset
 
(2,595
)
All other adjustments
 
(26
)
Estimated Tier 1 common under Basel III rules
 
$
119,950

Estimated risk-weighted assets under Basel III rules(a)
 
$
1,569,410

Estimated Tier 1 common ratio under Basel III rules:(b)
 
7.6
%
(a)
Key differences in the calculation of risk-weighted assets between Basel I and Basel III include: (a) Basel III credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters whereas, Basel I RWA is based on fixed supervisory risk weights which vary only by counterparty type and asset class; (b) Basel III market risk RWA reflects the new capital requirements related to trading assets and securitizations (released by the Basel Committee in July 2009), which include incremental capital requirements for stress VaR, correlation trading, and re-securitization positions; and (c) Basel III includes RWA for operational risk whereas, Basel I does not.
(b)
The Tier 1 common ratio is Tier 1 common divided by RWA.
The Firm’s estimate of its Tier 1 common ratio under Basel III reflects its current understanding of the Basel III rules and the application of such rules to its businesses as currently conducted, and therefore excludes the impact of any changes the Firm may make in the future to its businesses as a result of implementing the Basel III rules. The Firm’s understanding of the Basel III rules are based on information currently published by the Basel Committee and U.S. federal banking agencies. The Firm intends to maintain its strong liquidity position in the future as the short-term liquidity coverage and term funding standards of the Basel III rules are implemented, in 2015 and 2018, respectively. In order to do so the Firm believes it may need to modify the liquidity profile of certain of its assets and liabilities. Implementation of the Basel III rules may also cause the Firm to increase prices on, or alter the types of, products it offers to its customers and clients.
The Basel III revisions governing liquidity and capital requirements are subject to prolonged observation and transition periods. The observation periods for both the liquidity coverage ratio and term funding standards begin in 2011, with implementation in 2015 and 2018, respectively. The transition period for banks to meet the revised Tier 1 common equity requirement will begin in 2013, with implementation on January 1, 2019. The additional capital requirements for GSIBs will be phased-in starting January 1, 2016, with full implementation on January 1, 2019. The Firm will continue to monitor the ongoing rule-making process to assess both the timing and the impact of Basel III on its businesses and financial condition.

59





Broker-dealer regulatory capital
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries are J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMorgan Securities”) and J.P. Morgan Clearing Corp. (“JPMorgan Clearing”). JPMorgan Clearing is a subsidiary of JPMorgan Securities and provides clearing and settlement services. JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are each subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing are also registered as futures commission merchants and subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). Effective June 1, 2011, J.P. Morgan Futures Inc., a registered Futures Commission Merchant and a wholly owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase, merged with and into JPMorgan Securities. The merger created a combined Broker-Dealer / Futures Commission Merchant entity that provides capital and operational efficiencies.
JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Clearing have elected to compute their minimum net capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirements” of the Net Capital Rule. At June 30, 2011, JPMorgan Securities’ net capital, as defined by the Net Capital Rule, was $11.3 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $9.8 billion, and JPMorgan Clearing’s net capital was $7.0 billion, exceeding the minimum requirement by $5.0 billion.
In addition to its minimum net capital requirement, JPMorgan Securities is required to hold tentative net capital in excess of $1.0 billion and is also required to notify the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in the event that tentative net capital is less than $5.0 billion, in accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of the Net Capital Rule. As of June 30, 2011, JPMorgan Securities had tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.
Economic risk capital
JPMorgan Chase assesses its capital adequacy relative to the risks underlying its business activities, using internal risk-assessment methodologies. The Firm measures economic capital primarily based on four risk factors: credit, market, operational and private equity risk.
Economic risk capital
 
Quarterly Averages
 
(in billions)
 
2Q11

 
4Q10

 
2Q10

 
Credit risk
 
$
47.6

 
$
50.9

 
$
48.1

 
Market risk
 
15.4

 
14.9

 
15.6

 
Operational risk
 
8.5

 
7.3

 
7.5

 
Private equity risk
 
7.3

 
6.9

 
6.0

 
Economic risk capital
 
78.8

 
80.0

 
77.2

 
Goodwill
 
48.8

 
48.8

 
48.3

 
Other(a)
 
46.5

 
38.0

 
33.6

 
Total common stockholders equity
 
$
174.1

 
$
166.8

 
$
159.1

 
(a)
Reflects additional capital required, in the Firms view, to meet its regulatory and debt rating objectives.
Line of business equity
Equity for a line of business represents the amount the Firm believes the business would require if it were operating independently, incorporating sufficient capital to address regulatory capital requirements (including Basel III Tier 1 common capital requirements), economic risk measures and capital levels for similarly rated peers. Capital is also allocated to each line of business for, among other things, goodwill and other intangibles associated with acquisitions effected by the line of business. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of a business segment’s performance. Effective January 1, 2011, capital allocated to CS was reduced by $2.0 billion, to $13.0 billion, largely reflecting portfolio runoff and the improving risk profile of the business; capital allocated to TSS was increased by $500 million, to $7.0 billion, reflecting growth in the underlying business. The Firm continues to assess the level of capital required for each line of business, as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital to the business segments, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.
Line of business equity
 
 
 
 
(in billions)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
Investment Bank
 
$
40.0

 
 
 
$
40.0

 
 
Retail Financial Services
 
28.0

 
 
 
28.0

 
 
Card Services
 
13.0

 
 
 
15.0

 
 
Commercial Banking
 
8.0

 
 
 
8.0

 
 
Treasury & Securities Services
 
7.0

 
 
 
6.5

 
 
Asset Management
 
6.5

 
 
 
6.5

 
 
Corporate/Private Equity
 
72.6

 
 
 
64.3

 
 
Total common stockholders’ equity
 
$
175.1

 
 
 
$
168.3

 
 

60





Line of business equity
 
Quarterly Averages
 
(in billions)
 
2Q11

 
4Q10

 
2Q10

 
Investment Bank
 
$
40.0

 
$
40.0

 
$
40.0

 
Retail Financial Services
 
28.0

 
28.0

 
28.0

 
Card Services
 
13.0

 
15.0

 
15.0

 
Commercial Banking
 
8.0

 
8.0

 
8.0

 
Treasury & Securities Services
 
7.0

 
6.5

 
6.5

 
Asset Management
 
6.5

 
6.5

 
6.5

 
Corporate/Private Equity
 
71.6

 
62.8

 
55.1

 
Total common stockholders’ equity
 
$
174.1

 
$
166.8

 
$
159.1

 

Capital actions
Dividends
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors increased the Firm’s quarterly common stock dividend from $0.05 to $0.25 per share, effective with the dividend paid on April 30, 2011, to shareholders of record on April 6, 2011. The Firm’s common stock dividend policy reflects JPMorgan Chase’s earnings outlook; desired dividend payout ratio; capital objectives; and alternative investment opportunities. The Firm’s current expectation is to return to a payout ratio of approximately 30% of normalized earnings over time. When management and the Board determine that it is appropriate to consider further increasing the common stock dividend, the Firm expects to review those plans with its regulators before taking action. For a further discussion of the Firm’s dividend payments, see Dividends on page 106 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Stock repurchases
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a $15.0 billion common equity repurchase program, of which $8.0 billion is authorized for repurchase in 2011. The $15.0 billion repurchase program supersedes a $10.0 billion repurchase program approved in 2007. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm repurchased an aggregate of 80 million and 82 million shares, for $3.5 billion and $3.6 billion, at an average price per share of $43.33 and $43.39, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, $11.4 billion of authorized repurchase capacity remained, of which $4.4 billion of approved capacity remains for use during 2011. For the seven months ended July 31, 2011, the Firm has repurchased an aggregate of 99 million shares for $4.3 billion at an average price per share of $42.91.
Management and the Board will continue to assess and make decisions regarding alternatives for deploying capital, as appropriate, over the course of the year. Any planned use of the repurchase program beyond the repurchases approved for 2011 will be reviewed by the Firm with banking regulators before taking action. For a further discussion of the Firm’s stock repurchase program, see Stock repurchases on page 106 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common stock – for example, during internal trading “black-out periods.” All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information. For additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities, see Part II, Item 2, Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, on pages 193–194 of this Form 10-Q.

RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. The Firm’s risk management framework and governance structure are intended to provide comprehensive controls and ongoing management of the major risks inherent in its business activities. The Firm employs a holistic approach to risk management to ensure the broad spectrum of risk types are considered in managing its business activities. The Firm’s risk management framework is intended to create a culture of risk awareness and personal responsibility throughout the Firm where collaboration, discussion, escalation and sharing of information is encouraged.
The Firm’s overall risk appetite is established in the context of the Firm’s capital, earnings power, and diversified business model. The Firm employs a formalized risk appetite framework to clearly link risk appetite and return targets, controls and capital management. There are eight major types of risk identified in the business activities of the Firm: liquidity, credit, market, interest rate, operational, legal and reputation, fiduciary, and private equity risk.
For further discussion of these risks, as well as how they are managed by the Firm, see Risk Management on pages 107–109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and the information below.

61





LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
The following discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s liquidity risk management framework highlights developments since December 31, 2010, and should be read in conjunction with pages 110–115 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The ability to maintain surplus levels of liquidity through economic cycles is crucial to financial services companies, particularly during periods of adverse conditions. The Firm’s funding strategy is intended to ensure liquidity and diversity of funding sources to meet actual and contingent liabilities through both normal and stress periods.
JPMorgan Chase’s primary sources of liquidity include a diversified deposit base, which was $1,048.7 billion at June 30, 2011, and access to the equity capital markets and long-term unsecured and secured funding sources, including through asset securitizations and borrowings from Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”). Additionally, JPMorgan Chase maintains significant amounts of highly-liquid unencumbered assets. The Firm actively monitors the availability of funding in the wholesale markets across various geographic regions and in various currencies. The Firm’s ability to generate funding from a broad range of sources in a variety of geographic locations and in a range of tenors is intended to enhance financial flexibility and limit funding concentration risk.
Management considers the Firm’s liquidity position to be strong, based on its liquidity metrics as of June 30, 2011, and believes that the Firm’s unsecured and secured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations. The Firm was able to access the funding markets as needed during the six months ended June 30, 2011.
Governance
The Firm’s governance process is designed to ensure that its liquidity position remains strong. The Asset-Liability Committee reviews and approves the Firm’s liquidity policy and contingency funding plan. Corporate Treasury formulates and is responsible for executing the Firm’s liquidity policy and contingency funding plan as well as measuring, monitoring, reporting and managing the Firm’s liquidity risk profile. JPMorgan Chase centralizes the management of global funding and liquidity risk within Corporate Treasury to maximize liquidity access, minimize funding costs and enhance global identification and coordination of liquidity risk. This centralized approach involves frequent communication with the business segments, disciplined management of liquidity at the parent holding company, comprehensive market-based pricing of all assets and liabilities, continuous balance sheet monitoring, frequent stress testing of liquidity sources, and frequent reporting to and communication with senior management and the Board of Directors regarding the Firm’s liquidity position.
Liquidity monitoring
The Firm employs a variety of metrics to monitor and manage liquidity. One set of analyses used by the Firm relates to the timing of liquidity sources versus liquidity uses (e.g., funding gap analysis and parent holding company funding, as discussed below). A second set of analyses focuses on measurements of the Firm’s reliance on short-term unsecured funding as a percentage of total liabilities, as well as the relationship of short-term unsecured funding to highly-liquid assets, the deposits-to-loans ratio and other balance sheet measures.
The Firm performs regular liquidity stress tests as part of its liquidity monitoring activities. The purpose of the liquidity stress tests is intended to ensure sufficient liquidity for the Firm under both idiosyncratic and systemic market stress conditions. These scenarios measure the Firm’s liquidity position across a full-year horizon by analyzing the net funding gaps resulting from contractual and contingent cash and collateral outflows versus the Firm’s ability to generate additional liquidity by pledging or selling excess collateral and issuing unsecured debt. The scenarios are produced for the parent holding company and major bank subsidiaries as well as the Firm’s major U.S. broker-dealer subsidiaries.
The Firm currently has liquidity in excess of its projected full-year liquidity needs under both the idiosyncratic stress scenario (which evaluates the Firm’s net funding gap after a short-term ratings downgrade to A-2/P-2), as well as under the systemic market stress scenario (which evaluates the Firm’s net funding gap during a period of severe market stress similar to market conditions in 2008 and assumes that the Firm is not uniquely stressed versus its peers).
Parent holding company
Liquidity monitoring of the parent holding company takes into consideration regulatory restrictions that limit the extent to which bank subsidiaries may extend credit to the parent holding company and other nonbank subsidiaries. Excess cash generated by parent holding company issuance activity is used to purchase liquid collateral through reverse repurchase agreements or is placed with both bank and nonbank subsidiaries in the form of deposits and advances to satisfy a portion of subsidiary funding requirements. The Firm’s liquidity management is also intended to ensure that its subsidiaries have the ability to generate replacement funding in the event the parent holding company requires repayment of the aforementioned deposits and advances.
The Firm closely monitors the ability of the parent holding company to meet all of its obligations with liquid sources of cash or cash equivalents for an extended period of time without access to the unsecured funding markets. The Firm targets pre-funding of parent holding company obligations for at least 12 months; however, due to conservative liquidity management actions taken by the Firm in the current environment, the current pre-funding of such obligations is significantly greater than target.

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Global Liquidity Reserve
In addition to the parent holding company, the Firm maintains a significant amount of liquidity – primarily at its bank subsidiaries, but also at its nonbank subsidiaries. The Global Liquidity Reserve represents consolidated sources of available liquidity to the Firm, including cash on deposit at central banks, and cash proceeds reasonably expected to be received in secured financings of highly liquid, unencumbered securities – such as government-issued debt, government- and FDIC-guaranteed corporate debt, U.S. government agency debt, and agency mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”). The liquidity amount estimated to be realized from secured financings is based on management’s current judgment and assessment of the Firm’s ability to quickly raise secured financings. The Global Liquidity Reserve also includes the Firm’s borrowing capacity at various FHLBs, the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and various other central banks from collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks. Although considered as a source of available liquidity, the Firm does not view borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and various other central banks as a primary source of funding. As of June 30, 2011, the Global Liquidity Reserve was estimated to be approximately $404 billion, compared with approximately $262 billion at December 31, 2010. The increase in the Global Liquidity Reserve reflected a higher level of balances due from Federal Reserve Banks, predominantly driven by overall growth in wholesale clients’ cash management activities during the first six months of 2011 and an increase in inflows of short-term wholesale deposits from TSS clients toward the end of June 2011.
In addition to the Global Liquidity Reserve, the Firm has significant amounts of other high-quality, marketable securities available to raise liquidity, such as corporate debt and equity securities.
Funding
Sources of funds
A key strength of the Firm is its diversified deposit franchise, through the RFS, CB, TSS and AM lines of business, which provides a stable source of funding and decreases reliance on the wholesale markets. As of June 30, 2011, total deposits for the Firm were $1,048.7 billion, compared with $930.4 billion at December 31, 2010. Average total deposits for the Firm were $979.9 billion and $878.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and were $955.3 billion and $878.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Firm typically experiences higher customer deposit inflows at period-ends. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are retail deposits (36% and 40% at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively), which are considered particularly stable as they are less sensitive to interest rate changes or market volatility. A significant portion of the Firm’s wholesale deposits are also considered to be stable sources of funding due to the nature of the relationships from which they are generated, particularly customers’ operating service relationships with the Firm. As of June 30, 2011, the Firm's deposits-to-loans ratio was 152%, compared with 134% at December 31, 2010. For further discussions of deposit and liability balance trends, see the discussion of the results for the Firm’s business segments and the Balance Sheet Analysis on pages 17–48 and 49–51, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Additional sources of funding include a variety of unsecured and secured short-term and long-term instruments. Short-term unsecured funding sources include federal funds and Eurodollars purchased, certificates of deposit, time deposits, commercial paper and other borrowed funds. Long-term unsecured funding sources include long-term debt, preferred stock and common stock.
The Firm’s short-term secured sources of funding consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase and borrowings from the Chicago, Pittsburgh and San Francisco FHLBs. Secured long-term funding sources include asset-backed securitizations, and borrowings from the Chicago, Pittsburgh and San Francisco FHLBs.
Funding markets are evaluated on an ongoing basis to achieve an appropriate global balance of unsecured and secured funding at favorable rates.
Short-term funding
The Firm’s reliance on short-term unsecured funding sources is limited. Short-term unsecured funding sources include federal funds and Eurodollars purchased, which represent overnight funds; certificates of deposit; time deposits; commercial paper, which is generally issued in amounts not less than $100,000 and with maturities of 270 days or less; and other borrowed funds, which consist of demand notes, term federal funds purchased, and various other borrowings that generally have maturities of one year or less.
Total commercial paper liabilities were $51.2 billion as of June 30, 2011, compared with $35.4 billion as of December 31, 2010. However, of those totals, $43.5 billion and $29.2 billion as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, originated from deposits that customers chose to sweep into commercial paper liabilities as a cash management product offered by the Firm. Therefore, commercial paper liabilities sourced from wholesale funding markets were $7.7 billion as of June 30, 2011, compared with $6.2 billion as of December 31, 2010; in addition, the average balance of commercial paper liabilities sourced from wholesale funding markets were $7.4 billion and $7.9 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively.
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, generally mature between one day and three months, are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt, agency debt and agency MBS. The balances of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, which constitute a significant portion of the federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, was $252.6 billion as of June 30, 2011, compared with $273.3 billion

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as of December 31, 2010; the average balance was $277.4 billion and $274.3 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. At June 30, 2011, the decline in the balance, compared with the balance at December 31, 2010, and the average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, was driven by lower financing of the Firm's trading assets as well as lower client financing balances. The balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to customers’ investment and financing activities; the Firm’s demand for financing; the Firm’s matched book activity; the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment and trading portfolios); and other market and portfolio factors. For additional information, see the Balance Sheet Analysis on pages 49–51, Note 12 on page 133 and Note 18 on page 164 of this Form 10-Q.
Total other borrowed funds was $30.2 billion as of June 30, 2011, compared with $34.3 billion as of December 31, 2010; the average balance of other borrowed funds was $36.9 billion and $35.2 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. At June 30, 2011, the decline in the balance, compared with the balance at December 31, 2010, and the average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, was predominantly driven by lower financing of the Firm's trading assets, and maturities of short-term unsecured bank notes and short-term FHLB advances.
Long-term funding and issuance
During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm issued $18.8 billion of long-term debt, including $12.9 billion of senior notes issued in the U.S. market, $1.4 billion of senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets, and $4.5 billion of IB structured notes. In addition, in July 2011, the Firm issued $2.3 billion of senior notes in the U.S. market. During the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm issued $7.1 billion of long-term debt, including $1.3 billion of senior notes issued in U.S. markets, $1.5 billion of trust preferred capital debt securities, and $4.3 billion of IB structured notes. During the three months ended June 30, 2011, $11.4 billion of long-term debt matured or was redeemed, including $4.5 billion of IB structured notes. During the three months ended June 30, 2010, $16.2 billion of long-term debt matured or was redeemed, including $5.4 billion of IB structured notes.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm issued $31.8 billion of long-term debt, including $19.9 billion of senior notes issued in the U.S. market, $4.1 billion of senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets, and $7.8 billion of IB structured notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm issued $18.0 billion of long-term debt, including $6.9 billion of senior notes issued in U.S. markets, $904 million of senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets, $1.5 billion of trust preferred capital debt securities and $8.7 billion of IB structured notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, $29.5 billion of long-term debt matured or was redeemed, including $10.1 billion of IB structured notes. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, $30.3 billion of long-term debt matured or was redeemed, including $12.8 billion of IB structured notes.
In addition to the unsecured long-term funding and issuances discussed above, the Firm securitizes consumer credit card loans, residential mortgages, auto loans and student loans for funding purposes. During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm securitized $1.0 billion of credit card loans, and $3.2 billion of loan securitizations matured or were redeemed, including $3.0 billion of credit card loan securitizations, $39 million of residential mortgage loan securitizations and $77 million of student loan securitizations. During the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm did not securitize any loans through consolidated or nonconsolidated securitization trusts for funding purposes, and $6.8 billion of loan securitizations matured or were redeemed, including $6.6 billion of credit card loan securitizations, $47 million of residential mortgage loan securitizations, $72 million of student loan securitizations, and $36 million of auto loan securitizations.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm securitized $1.0 billion of credit card loans, and $9.8 billion of loan securitizations matured or were redeemed, including $9.6 billion of credit card loan securitizations, $83 million of residential mortgage loan securitizations and $153 million of student loan securitizations. During the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm did not securitize any loans through consolidated or nonconsolidated securitization trusts for funding purposes, and $13.5 billion of loan securitizations matured or were redeemed, including $13.2 billion of credit card loan securitizations, $90 million of residential mortgage loan securitizations, $156 million of student loan securitizations, and $75 million of auto loan securitizations.
In addition, the Firm’s wholesale businesses securitize loans for client-driven transactions and those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm. For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, $265 million and $352 million, respectively, of client-driven loan securitizations matured or were redeemed. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, $277 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, of client-driven loan securitizations matured or were redeemed. For further discussion of loan securitizations, see Note 16 on pages 159–163 in this Form 10-Q.
During the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm did not borrow from FHLBs and there were $5 million of maturities. For the three months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm borrowed $1.0 billion from FHLBs, which were more than offset by $5.0 billion of maturities. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm borrowed $4.0 billion from FHLBs, which were partially offset by $2.5 billion of maturities. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm borrowed $2.5 billion from FHLBs, which were more than offset by $13.5 billion of maturities.


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Cash flows
Cash and due from banks was $30.5 billion and $32.8 billion at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These balances increased by $2.9 billion from December 31, 2010 and $6.6 billion from December 31, 2009, respectively. The following discussion highlights the major activities and transactions that affected JPMorgan Chase’s cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, respectively.
Cash flows from operating activities
JPMorgan Chase’s operating assets and liabilities support the Firm’s capital markets and lending activities, including the origination or purchase of loans initially designated as held-for-sale. Operating assets and liabilities can vary significantly in the normal course of business due to the amount and timing of cash flows, which are affected by client-driven and risk management activities, and market conditions. Management believes cash flows from operations, available cash balances and the Firm’s ability to generate cash through short- and long-term borrowings are sufficient to fund the Firm’s operating liquidity needs.
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, net cash provided by operating activities was $58.7 billion. This resulted from a decrease in trading assets – debt and equity instruments, driven by client market-making activity in IB, primarily due to declines in U.S. government agency mortgage-backed securities and equity securities, partially offset by an increase in non-U.S. government debt securities; a decrease in trading assets – derivative receivables largely due to a reduction in foreign exchange derivatives partially offset by an increase in equity derivatives from IB’s market-making activity; and an increase in accounts payable and other liabilities largely due to higher IB Prime Services customer balances. Partially offsetting these cash proceeds were a decrease in trading liabilities – derivatives payable largely due to the aforementioned reduction of the foreign exchange derivatives partially offset by the increase in equity derivatives; and an increase in accrued interest and accounts receivable largely reflecting higher receivables from securities transactions pending settlement. Net cash generated from operating activities was higher than net income largely as a result of adjustments for noncash items such as the provision for credit losses, depreciation and amortization, and stock-based compensation. Additionally, cash provided by proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originated or purchased with an initial intent to sell was slightly higher than cash used to acquire such loans, and also reflected a higher level of activity over the prior-year period.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash provided by operating activities was $45.7 billion, primarily driven by an increase in trading liabilities, reflecting an increase in business activity in markets outside of the U.S., mainly Asia/Pacific, in the first quarter of 2010, partially offset by a decrease in trading assets driven by lower client flows as a result of unfavorable financial markets in the second quarter of 2010. Also, net cash generated from operating activities was higher than net income, largely as a result of adjustments for non-cash items such as the provision for credit losses, stock-based compensation, and depreciation and amortization. Proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originated or purchased with an initial intent to sell were higher than cash used to acquire such loans.
Cash flows from investing activities
The Firm’s investing activities predominantly include loans originated to be held for investment, the AFS securities portfolio and other short-term interest-earning assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, net cash of $145.8 billion was used in investing activities. This resulted from a significant increase in deposits with banks reflecting a higher level of deposit balances at Federal Reserve Banks predominantly the result of an overall growth in wholesale clients' cash management activities in the first six months of 2011, as well as an increase in inflows of short-term wholesale deposits from TSS clients toward the end of June 2011, and an increase in wholesale loans reflecting growth in client activity in all of the Firm’s wholesale businesses. Partially offsetting these cash outflows were a decline in securities purchased under resale agreements, predominantly in IB, reflecting lower client financing activity; a decrease in credit card loans in CS reflecting lower seasonal balances, higher repayment rates, continued runoff of the Washington Mutual portfolio and the sale of the Kohl’s portfolio; and a decrease in loans in RFS reflecting paydowns, portfolio runoff and repayments.
For the six months ended June 30, 2010, net cash of $73.7 billion was provided by investing activities. This resulted from a decrease in deposits with banks largely due to a decline in deposits placed with the Federal Reserve Bank and lower interbank lending as market stress had gradually eased since the end of 2009; a net decrease in the loan portfolio, driven by a decline in credit card loans due to the runoff of the Washington Mutual portfolio and a decrease in lower-yielding promotional loans; continued runoff of the residential real estate portfolios in RFS; and repayments and loan sales in IB and continued low client demand for wholesale loans; and proceeds from sales and maturities of AFS securities used in the Firm’s interest rate risk management activities being higher than cash used to acquire such securities.
Cash flows from financing activities
The Firm’s financing activities primarily reflect cash flows related to taking customer deposits, and issuing long-term debt as well as preferred and common stock. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, net cash provided by financing activities was $89.3 billion. This was largely driven by a significant increase in deposits predominantly as a result of an overall growth in wholesale clients' cash management activities during the first six months of 2011, an increase in inflows of short-term wholesale deposits from TSS clients toward the end of June 2011, and growth in the number of clients and higher balances in CB, AM and RFS (the RFS deposits were net of the attrition related to inactive and low-balance Washington Mutual accounts); an increase in commercial

65





paper and other borrowed funds due to growth in the volume of liability balances in sweep accounts related to TSS’s cash management product; and a modest incremental increase in commercial paper issued in wholesale funding markets. Cash was used to reduce securities sold under repurchase agreements, predominantly in IB, due to lower financings of the Firm’s trading assets as well as lower client financing balances; for net repayments of long-term borrowings, including a decline in long-term beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs due to maturities of Firm-sponsored credit card securitization transactions; for repurchases of common stock and payments of cash dividends on common and preferred stock.
In the first six months of 2010, net cash used in financing activities was $112.3 billion. This resulted from a decline in deposits associated with wholesale funding activities reflecting the Firm’s lower funding needs; a decline in TSS deposits reflecting the normalization of deposit levels, offset partially by net inflows from existing customers and new business in AM, CB and RFS; net repayment of long-term borrowings, including a decline in long-term beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs due to maturities of Firm-sponsored credit card securitization transactions and a decline in long-term advances from FHLBs due to maturities; payments of cash dividends; and repurchases of common stock. Additionally, cash was used as a result of a decline in securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements largely due to reduced funding requirements associated with lower AFS securities in Corporate and reduced short-term funding requirements in IB.
Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm. Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third-party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. For additional information on the impact of a credit ratings downgrade on the funding requirements for VIEs, and on derivatives and collateral agreements, see Special-purpose entities on page 52, and Note 5 on pages 117–124, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Critical factors in maintaining high credit ratings include a stable and diverse earnings stream, strong capital ratios, strong credit quality and risk management controls, diverse funding sources, and disciplined liquidity monitoring procedures.
The credit ratings of the parent holding company and each of the Firm’s significant banking subsidiaries as of June 30, 2011, were as follows.
 
Short-term debt
 
Senior long-term debt
 
Moody’s
S&P
Fitch
 
Moody’s
S&P
Fitch
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
P-1
A-1
F1+
 
Aa3
A+
AA-
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
P-1
A-1+
F1+
 
Aa1
AA-
AA-
Chase Bank USA, N.A.
P-1
A-1+
F1+
 
Aa1
AA-
AA-

The senior unsecured ratings from Moody’s, S&P and Fitch on JPMorgan Chase and its principal bank subsidiaries remained unchanged at June 30, 2011, from December 31, 2010. At June 30, 2011, Moody’s outlook was negative, while S&P’s and Fitch’s outlook was stable.
On July 18, 2011, Moody’s placed the long-term debt ratings of the Firm and its subsidiaries under review for possible downgrade. The Firm’s current long-term debt ratings by Moody’s reflect “support uplift” above the Firm’s stand-alone financial strength due to Moody’s assessment of the likelihood of U.S. government support. Moody’s action was directly related to Moody’s placing the U.S. government’s Aaa rating on review for possible downgrade on July 13, 2011. Moody’s indicated that the action did not reflect a change to Moody’s opinion of the Firm’s stand-alone financial strength. The short-term debt ratings of the Firm and its subsidiaries were affirmed and were not affected by the action. Subsequently, on August 3, 2011, Moody’s confirmed the long-term debt ratings of the Firm and its subsidiaries at their current levels and assigned a negative outlook on the ratings. The rating confirmation was directly related to Moody’s confirmation on August 2, 2011, of the Aaa rating assigned to the U.S. government.
If the Firm’s senior long-term debt ratings were downgraded by one notch or two notches, the Firm believes its cost of funds would increase; however, the Firm’s ability to fund itself would not be impacted. JPMorgan Chase’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, or stock price.
Several rating agencies have announced that they will be evaluating the effects of the financial regulatory reform legislation in order to determine the extent, if any, to which financial institutions, including the Firm, may be negatively impacted. There is no assurance the Firm’s credit ratings will not be downgraded in the future as a result of any such reviews.

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CREDIT PORTFOLIO
For a further discussion on the Firm’s credit risk management framework, see pages 116–118 of JP Morgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents JPMorgan Chase’s credit portfolio as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. Total credit exposure was $1.8 trillion at June 30, 2011, an increase of $711 million from December 31, 2010, reflecting increases in the wholesale portfolio of $37.4 billion offset by decreases in the consumer portfolio of $36.7 billion. During the first six months of 2011, increases in lending-related commitments of $7.3 billion were offset by decreases in loans and derivative receivables of $3.2 billion and $3.1 billion, respectively.
The Firm provided credit to and raised capital of more than $990 billion for it's clients during the first six months of 2011. The Firm also originated mortgages to more than 360,000 people; provided credit cards to approximately 4.6 million people; lent or increased credit to more than 16,800 small businesses; lent to more than 800 not-for-profit and government entities, including states, municipalities, hospitals and universities; extended or increased loan limits to approximately 3,000 middle market companies; and lent to or raised capital for more than 5,000 other corporations. The Firm is the #1 Small Business Administration lender in the U.S. with more loans made than any other lender. In 2009 and 2010, the Firm lent more than $7 billion and $10 billion, respectively, to small businesses, and has committed to lend at least $12 billion in 2011. The Firm remains committed to helping homeowners and preventing foreclosures. Since the beginning of 2009, the Firm has offered 1,177,000 trial modifications to struggling homeowners.
In the table below, reported loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale (which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with changes in value recorded in noninterest revenue); and loans accounted for at fair value. For additional information on the Firm’s loans and derivative receivables, including the Firm’s accounting policies, see Note 13 and Note 5 on pages 134–148 and 117–124, respectively, of this Form 10-Q, and Note 14 and Note 6 on pages 220–238 and 191–199, respectively, of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. Average retained loan balances are used for net charge-off rate calculations.
Total credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming(d)(e)(f)
 
Net charge-offs
 
Average
annual net
charge-off rate(g)

 
Net charge-offs
 
Average
annual net
charge-off rate
(h)
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Loans retained
$
684,916

$
685,498

 
$
11,714

$
14,345

 
$
3,103

$
5,714

 
1.83
%
3.28
%
 
$
6,823

$
13,624

 
2.02
%
3.88
%
Loans held-for-sale
2,813

5,453

 
114

341

 


 


 


 


Loans at fair value
2,007

1,976

 
100

155

 


 


 


 


Total loans – reported
689,736

692,927

 
11,928

14,841

 
3,103

5,714

 
1.83

3.28

 
6,823

13,624

 
2.02

3.88

Derivative receivables
77,383

80,481

 
22

34

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables(a)
32,678

32,932

 


 


 


 


 


Total credit-related assets
799,797

806,340

 
11,950

14,875

 
3,103

5,714

 
1.83

3.28

 
6,823

13,624

 
2.02

3.88

Lending-related commitments(b)
965,963

958,709

 
793

1,005

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate owned
NA

NA

 
1,239

1,610

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Other
NA

NA

 
51

72

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions

NA

 
1,290

1,682

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Total credit portfolio
$
1,765,760

$
1,765,049

 
$
14,033

$
17,562

 
$
3,103

$
5,714

 
1.83
%
3.28
%
 
$
6,823

$
13,624

 
2.02
%
3.88
%
Net credit derivative hedges notional(c)
$
(24,006
)
$
(23,108
)
 
$
(45
)
$
(55
)
 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(16,506
)
(16,486
)
 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

(a)
Receivables from customers represents primarily margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interests in purchased receivables represents an ownership interest in cash flows of a pool of receivables transferred by a third-party seller into a bankruptcy-remote entity, generally a trust, which are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b)
The amounts in nonperforming represent commitments that are risk rated as nonaccrual.
(c)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives used to manage both performing and non-performing credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on pages 7475 and Note 5 on pages 117124 of this Form 10-Q.
(d)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.1 billion and $9.4 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) real estate owned insured by U.S. government agencies of $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively; and (3) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $558 million and $625 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”). Credit card loans are charged-off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
(e)
Excludes PCI loans acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a

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single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
(f)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, total nonaccrual loans represented 1.73% and 2.14% of total loans .
(g)
For the three months ended June 30, 2011, and 2010, net charge-off rates were calculated using average retained loans of $680.1 billion and $699.2 billion, respectively. These average retained loans include average PCI loans of $69.9 billion and $78.1 billion, respectively. Excluding these PCI loans, the Firm’s total charge-off rates would have been 2.04% and 3.69%, respectively.
(h)
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2010, net charge-off rates were calculated using average retained loans of $680.1 billion and $708.8 billion, respectively. These average retained loans include average PCI loans of $70.7 billion and $79.2 billion, respectively. Excluding these PCI loans, the Firm’s total charge-off rates would have been 2.26% and 4.36%, respectively.

WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
As of June 30, 2011, wholesale exposure (IB, CB, TSS and AM) increased by $37.4 billion from December 31, 2010. The overall increase was primarily driven by increases of $21.2 billion in loans and $19.6 billion in lending-related commitments, partly offset by a decrease of $3.1 billion in derivative receivables. The growth in wholesale credit exposure represented increased client activity across all businesses and all regions. Effective January 1, 2011, the commercial card credit portfolio (composed of approximately $5.3 billion of lending-related commitments and $1.2 billion of loans) that was previously in TSS was transferred to CS.
Wholesale credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming (d)
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Loans retained
$
244,224

$
222,510

 
$
3,362

$
5,510

Loans held-for-sale
2,592

3,147

 
114

341

Loans at fair value
2,007

1,976

 
100

155

Loans – reported
248,823

227,633

 
3,576

6,006

Derivative receivables
77,383

80,481

 
22

34

Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables(a)
32,678

32,932

 


Total wholesale credit-related assets
358,884

341,046

 
3,598

6,040

Lending-related commitments(b)
365,689

346,079

 
793

1,005

Total wholesale credit exposure
$
724,573

$
687,125

 
$
4,391

$
7,045

Net credit derivative hedges notional(c)
$
(24,006
)
$
(23,108
)
 
$
(45
)
$
(55
)
Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(16,506
)
(16,486
)
 
NA

NA

(a)
Receivables from customers represents primarily margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers, which are included in accrued interests and accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interests in purchased receivables represent ownership interests in cash flows of a pool of receivables transferred by third-party sellers into bankruptcy-remote entities, generally trusts, which are included in other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b)
The amounts in nonperforming represent commitments that are risk rated as nonaccrual.
(c)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on pages 74–75, and Note 5 on pages 117–124 of this Form 10-Q.
(d)
Excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions.


68





The following table presents summaries of the maturity and ratings profiles of the wholesale portfolio as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s. Also included in this table is the notional value of net credit derivative hedges; the counterparties to these hedges are predominantly investment-grade (“IG”) banks and finance companies.
Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
 
Maturity profile(e)
 
Ratings profile
June 30, 2011
Due in 1
year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after
5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
96,278

$
89,230

$
58,716

$
244,224

 
$
166,513

 
$
77,711

$
244,224

68
%
Derivative receivables(a)
 
 
 
77,383

 
 
 
 
77,383

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(16,506
)
 
 
 
 
(16,506
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
9,628

21,991

29,258

60,877

 
48,145

 
12,732

60,877

79

Lending-related commitments
133,942

219,906

11,841

365,689

 
294,258

 
71,431

365,689

80

Subtotal
239,848

331,127

99,815

670,790

 
508,916

 
161,874

670,790

76

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)(c)
 
 
 
4,599

 
 
 
 
4,599

 
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables(c)
 
 
 
32,678

 
 
 
 
32,678

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
708,067

 
 
 
 
$
708,067

 
Net credit derivative hedges notional(d)
$
(1,862
)
$
(15,525
)
$
(6,619
)
$
(24,006
)
 
$
(24,071
)
 
$
65

$
(24,006
)
100
%

 
Maturity profile(e)
 
Ratings profile
December 31, 2010
Due in 1
year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after
5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
78,017

$
85,987

$
58,506

$
222,510

 
$
146,047

 
$
76,463

$
222,510

66
%
Derivative receivables(a)
 
 
 
80,481

 
 
 
 
80,481

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(16,486
)
 
 
 
 
(16,486
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
11,499

24,415

28,081

63,995

 
47,557

 
16,438

63,995

74

Lending-related commitments
126,389

209,299

10,391

346,079

 
276,298

 
69,781

346,079

80

Subtotal
215,905

319,701

96,978

632,584

 
469,902

 
162,682

632,584

74

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(b)(c)
 
 
 
5,123

 
 
 
 
5,123

 
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables(c)
 
 
 
32,932

 
 
 
 
32,932

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
670,639

 
 
 
 
$
670,639

 
Net credit derivative hedges notional(d)
$
(1,228
)
$
(16,415
)
$
(5,465
)
$
(23,108
)
 
$
(23,159
)
 
$
51

$
(23,108
)
100
%
(a)
Represents the fair value of derivative receivables as reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value relate primarily to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio.
(c)
From a credit risk perspective, maturity and ratings profiles are not meaningful.
(d)
Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(e)
The maturity profiles of retained loans and lending-related commitments are based on the remaining contractual maturity. The maturity profiles of derivative receivables are based on the maturity profile of average exposure. For further discussion of average exposure, see Derivative receivables MTM on pages 73–74 of this Form 10-Q.

Receivables from customers of $32.5 billion at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, primarily representing margin loans to prime and retail brokerage clients and are included in the previous tables. These margin loans are collateralized through a pledge of assets maintained in clients’ brokerage accounts and are subject to daily minimum collateral requirements. In the event that the collateral value decreases, a maintenance margin call is made to the client to provide additional collateral into the account. If additional collateral is not provided by the client, the client’s position may be liquidated by the Firm to meet the minimum collateral requirements.

69





Wholesale credit exposure – selected industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, with particular attention paid to industries with actual or potential credit concerns. Exposures deemed criticized generally represent a ratings profile similar to a rating of “CCC+”/“Caa1” and lower, as defined by S&P and Moody’s, respectively. The total criticized component of the portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, decreased to $18.3 billion at June 30, 2011, from $22.4 billion at December 31, 2010. The decrease was primarily related to net repayments and loan sales.
Below are summaries of the top 25 industry exposures as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
 
 
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Year-to-date net charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(e)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
As of or for the six months ended
 
Non-investment grade
June 30, 2011
Credit
exposure(d)
Investment -
grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized
nonperforming
(in millions)
Top 25 industries(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Banks and finance companies
$
64,642

$
53,888

$
10,324

$
377

$
53

$
22

$
(13
)
$
(2,486
)
$
(8,880
)
Real estate
63,252

35,594

21,039

5,181

1,438

203

191

(68
)
(134
)
Healthcare
39,899

33,274

6,331

254

40

3

5

(659
)
(135
)
State and municipal governments(b)
37,356

36,287

848

196

25

3


(191
)
(87
)
Asset managers
34,059

28,319

5,385

355


71



(3,355
)
Oil and gas
29,413

20,772

8,573

67

1

54


(106
)
(178
)
Utilities
27,316

22,690

3,854

504

268


33

(295
)
(267
)
Consumer products
26,411

16,806

8,978

603

24

5

3

(789
)
(3
)
Retail and consumer services
21,517

13,527

7,446

476

68

13


(411
)
(2
)
Technology
14,725

10,235

4,167

323



4

(183
)
(2
)
Machinery and equipment manufacturing
14,116

8,201

5,751

163

1

2

(1
)
(16
)
(1
)
Metals/mining
13,767

7,311

6,077

371

8

10

(12
)
(466
)

Telecom services
13,049

10,058

2,224

765

2


3

(778
)
(16
)
Central government
12,842

12,383

443

16




(7,811
)
(322
)
Media
11,636

6,118

4,388

728

402

18

7

(215
)
(2
)
Building materials/construction
11,466

5,742

4,728

988

8

6

(2
)
(317
)

Insurance
11,352

8,696

2,302

342

12

7


(711
)
(407
)
Holding companies
11,252

8,820

2,380

50

2

16

(2
)

(456
)
Chemicals/plastics
11,134

7,331

3,567

235

1



(38
)

Business services
11,132

6,026

4,967

97

42

4

2


(9
)
Transportation
10,606

7,247

3,147

171

41

9

1

(101
)
(6
)
Securities firms and exchanges
10,306

8,512

1,741

53




(88
)
(2,241
)
Automotive
9,659

4,775

4,708

175

1


(11
)
(829
)

Agriculture/paper manufacturing
7,307

4,826

2,285

196


4


(10
)
(3
)
Aerospace
5,973

4,929

988

56


1


(162
)

All other(c)
163,109

141,251

18,725

2,186

947

618

37

(7,276
)

Subtotal
$
687,296

$
523,618

$
145,366

$
14,928

$
3,384

$
1,069

$
245

$
(24,006
)
$
(16,506
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
4,599

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables
32,678

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
724,573






























70












 
 
 
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Year-to-date net charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(e)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
As of or for the year ended
 
Non-investment grade
December 31, 2010
Credit
exposure(d)
Investment-
grade
Noncriticized
Criticized performing
Criticized
nonperforming
(in millions)
Top 25 industries(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Banks and finance companies
$
65,867

$
54,839

$
10,428

$
467

$
133

$
26

$
69

$
(3,456
)
$
(9,216
)
Real estate
64,351

34,440

20,569

6,404

2,938

399

862

(76
)
(57
)
Healthcare
41,093

33,752

7,019

291

31

85

4

(768
)
(161
)
State and municipal governments(b)
35,808

34,641

912

231

24

34

3

(186
)
(233
)
Asset managers
29,364

25,533

3,401

427

3

7



(2,948
)
Oil and gas
26,459

18,465

7,850

143

1

24


(87
)
(50
)
Utilities
25,911

20,951

4,101

498

361

3

49

(355
)
(230
)
Consumer products
27,508

16,747

10,379

371

11

217

1

(752
)
(2
)
Retail and consumer services
20,882

12,021

8,316

338

207

8

23

(623
)
(3
)
Technology
14,348

9,355

4,534

399

60

47

50

(158
)

Machinery and equipment manufacturing
13,311

7,690

5,372

244

5

8

2

(74
)
(2
)
Metals/mining
11,426

5,260

5,748

362

56

7

35

(296
)

Telecom services
10,709

7,582

2,295

821

11

3

(8
)
(820
)

Central government
11,173

10,677

496





(6,897
)
(42
)
Media
10,967

5,808

3,945

672

542

2

92

(212
)
(3
)
Building materials/construction
12,808

6,557

5,065

1,129

57

9

6

(308
)

Insurance
10,918

7,908

2,690

320



(1
)
(805
)
(567
)
Holding companies
10,504

8,375

2,091

38


33

5


(362
)
Chemicals/plastics
12,312

8,375

3,656

274

7


2

(70
)

Business services
11,247

6,351

4,735

115

46

11

15

(5
)

Transportation
9,652

6,630

2,739

245

38


(16
)
(132
)

Securities firms and exchanges
9,415

7,678

1,700

37



5

(38
)
(2,358
)
Automotive
9,011

3,915

4,822

269

5


52

(758
)

Agriculture/paper manufacturing
7,368

4,510

2,614

242

2

8

7

(44
)
(2
)
Aerospace
5,732

4,903

732

97




(321
)

All other(c)
140,926

122,594

14,924

2,402

1,006

921

470

(5,867
)
(250
)
Subtotal
$
649,070

$
485,557

$
141,133

$
16,836

$
5,544

$
1,852

$
1,727

$
(23,108
)
$
(16,486
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
5,123

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables
32,932

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
$
687,125

















(a)
All industry rankings are based on exposure at June 30, 2011. The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2010, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures at June 30, 2011, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2010 ..
(b)
In addition to the credit risk exposure to States and municipal governments at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, noted above, the Firm had $8.6 billion and $14.0 billion, respectively, of trading securities and $11.6 billion and $11.6 billion, respectively, of available-for-sale securities issued by State and municipal governments. For further information, see Note 5 and Note 11 on pages 117–124 and 128–132, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
(c)
For more information on exposures to SPEs within All other, including liquidity facilities to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
(d)
Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivative hedges and collateral held against derivative receivables or loans.
(e)
Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.




71





The following table presents the geographic distribution of wholesale credit exposure including nonperforming assets and past due loans as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The geographic distribution of the wholesale portfolio is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming
 
June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Loans
Lending-related commitments
Derivative
receivables
Total credit
exposure
 
Nonaccrual loans(a)
Derivatives
Lending-related
commitments
Total non- performing
Assets
acquired
in loan
satisfactions
30 days or more past
due and
accruing loans
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
33,496

$
61,922

$
35,218

$
130,636

 
$
44

$

$
18

$
62

$

$
14

Asia and Pacific
25,400

16,495

10,035

51,930

 
2

15


17


19

Latin America/Caribbean
21,172

17,191

5,240

43,603

 
413


17

430

1

178

Other
2,001

7,010

1,820

10,831

 
7



7


1

Total non-U.S.
82,069

102,618

52,313

237,000

 
466

15

35

516

1

212

Total U.S.
162,155

263,071

25,070

450,296

 
2,896

7

758

3,661

287

857

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
4,599



4,599

 
214

NA


214

NA


Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables



32,678

 
NA

NA

NA

NA

NA


Total
$
248,823

$
365,689

$
77,383

$
724,573

 
$
3,576

$
22

$
793

$
4,391

$
288

$
1,069

 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
Loans
Lending-related commitments
Derivative
receivables
Total credit
exposure
 
Nonaccrual loans(a)
Derivatives
Lending-related
commitments
Total non- performing
Assets
acquired
in loan
satisfactions
30 days or more past
due and
accruing loans
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
27,934

$
58,418

$
35,196

$
121,548

 
$
153

$
1

$
23

$
177

$

$
127

Asia and Pacific
20,552

15,002

10,991

46,545

 
579

21


600


74

Latin America/Caribbean
16,480

12,170

5,634

34,284

 
649


13

662

1

131

Other
1,185

6,149

2,039

9,373

 
6


5

11



Total non-U.S.
66,151

91,739

53,860

211,750

 
1,387

22

41

1,450

1

332

Total U.S.
156,359

254,340

26,621

437,320

 
4,123

12

964

5,099

320

1,520

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
5,123



5,123

 
496

NA


496

NA


Receivables from customers and interests in purchased receivables



32,932

 
NA

NA

NA

NA

NA


Total
$
227,633

$
346,079

$
80,481

$
687,125

 
$
6,006

$
34

$
1,005

$
7,045

$
321

$
1,852

(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm held an allowance for loan losses of $731 million and $1.6 billion, respectively, related to nonaccrual retained loans resulting in allowance coverage ratios of 22% and 29%, respectively. Wholesale nonaccrual loans represented 1.44% and 2.64% of total wholesale loans at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

Loans
In the normal course of business, the Firm provides loans to a variety of wholesale customers, from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. For further discussion on loans, including information on credit quality indicators, see Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q.
Retained wholesale loans were $244.2 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $222.5 billion at December 31, 2010. The $21.7 billion increase was primarily related to increased client activity.
The Firm actively manages wholesale credit exposure through sales of loans and lending-related commitments. During the first six months of 2011, the Firm sold $2.8 billion of loans and commitments, recognizing net gains of $16 million. During the first six months of 2010, the Firm sold $4.9 billion of loans and commitments, recognizing net gains of $31 million. These results included gains or losses on sales of nonaccrual loans, if any, as discussed below. These sale activities are not related to the Firm’s securitization activities. For further discussion of securitization activity, see Liquidity Risk Management and Note 15 on pages 62–66 and 151–159 respectively, of this Form 10-Q.

72





The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2011
2010
Beginning balance
 
$
6,006

$
6,904

Additions
 
1,311

4,150

Reductions:
 
 
 
Paydowns and other
 
1,974

2,857

Gross charge-offs
 
377

1,162

Returned to performing status
 
489

113

Sales
 
901

1,262

Total reductions
 
3,741

5,394

Net additions/(reductions)
 
(2,430
)
(1,244
)
Ending balance
 
$
3,576

$
5,660

Nonaccrual wholesale loans decreased by $2.4 billion from December 31, 2010, primarily reflecting net repayments and loan sales.
The following table presents net charge-offs, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans.
Wholesale net charge-offs
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Loans – reported
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans retained
$
237,511

$
209,016

 
$
232,058

$
210,300

Net charge-offs
80

231

 
245

1,190

Average annual net charge-off ratio
0.14
%
0.44
%
 
0.21
%
1.14
%
Derivative contracts
In the normal course of business, the Firm uses derivative instruments predominantly for market-making activity. Derivatives enable customers and the Firm to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates, currencies and other markets. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its credit exposure. For further discussion of derivative contracts, see Note 5 on page 117–124 of this Form 10-Q.
The following tables summarize the net derivative receivables MTM for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables MTM
 
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Interest rate
$
32,911

$
32,555

Credit derivatives
6,198

7,725

Foreign exchange
19,898

25,858

Equity
7,084

4,204

Commodity
11,292

10,139

Total, net of cash collateral
77,383

80,481

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables
(16,506
)
(16,486
)
Total, net of all collateral
$
60,877

$
63,995

Derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets were $77.4 billion and $80.5 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. These represent the fair value (i.e., MTM) of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements, cash collateral held by the Firm and the CVA. However, in management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also reflect additional liquid securities and other cash collateral held by the Firm of $16.5 billion at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, as shown in the table above. Derivative receivables decreased from December 31, 2010, largely due to a reduction in foreign exchange derivative balances, partially offset by an increase in equity derivatives, from IB’s market-making activity.

73





The Firm also holds additional collateral delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Though this collateral does not reduce the balances noted in the table above, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the MTM of the client’s derivative transactions move in the Firm’s favor. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm held $22.3 billion and $18.0 billion, respectively, of this additional collateral. The derivative receivables MTM, net of all collateral, also do not include other credit enhancements, such as letters of credit. For additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements, see Note 5 on pages 117–124 of this form 10-Q.
The following table summarizes the ratings profile of the Firm’s derivative receivables MTM, net of other liquid securities collateral, for the dates indicated.
Ratings profile of derivative receivables MTM
Rating equivalent
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions, except ratios)
Exposure net of all collateral
% of exposure net of all collateral
 
Exposure net of all collateral
% of exposure net of all collateral
AAA/Aaa to AA-/Aa3
$
25,067

41
%
 
$
23,342

36
%
A+/A1 to A-/A3
15,460

25

 
15,812

25

BBB+/Baa1 to BBB-/Baa3
7,618

13

 
8,403

13

BB+/Ba1 to B-/B3
10,151

17

 
13,716

22

CCC+/Caa1 and below
2,581

4

 
2,722

4

Total
$
60,877

100
%
 
$
63,995

100
%
As noted above, the Firm uses collateral agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk. The percentage of the Firm’s derivatives transactions subject to collateral agreements – excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity – remained at 88% as of June 30, 2011, unchanged compared with December 31, 2010. The Firm posted $57.9 billion and $58.3 billion of collateral at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Credit derivatives
For a detailed discussion of credit derivatives, including types of derivatives, see Note 5, Credit derivatives, on pages 117–124 of this Form 10-Q, and Credit derivatives on pages 126–127 and Note 6, Credit derivatives, on pages 197–199 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents the Firm’s notional amounts of credit derivatives protection purchased and sold as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, distinguishing between dealer/client activity and credit portfolio activity.
Credit derivative notional amounts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
Dealer/client
 
Credit portfolio
 
 
Dealer/client
 
Credit portfolio
 
(in millions)
Protection purchased(b)
Protection sold
 
Protection purchased
Protection sold
Total
 
Protection purchased(b)
Protection sold
 
Protection purchased
Protection sold
  Total
Credit default swaps
$
2,927,038

$
2,971,981

 
$
24,205

$
199

$
5,923,423

 
$
2,661,657

$
2,658,825

 
$
23,523

$
415

$
5,344,420

Other credit derivatives(a)
61,280

120,733

 


182,013

 
34,250

93,776

 


128,026

Total
$
2,988,318

$
3,092,714

 
$
24,205

$
199

$
6,105,436

 
$
2,695,907

$
2,752,601

 
$
23,523

$
415

$
5,472,446

(a)
Primarily consists of total return swaps and credit default swap options.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included $2,949 billion and $2,662 billion, respectively, of notional exposure where the Firm has sold protection on the identical underlying reference instruments.
Dealer/client business
Within the dealer/client business, the Firm actively manages credit derivatives by buying and selling credit protection, predominantly on corporate debt obligations, according to client demand. For further information, see Note 5 on pages 117–124 of this Form 10-Q.
At June 30, 2011, the total notional amount of protection purchased and sold increased by $633 billion from December 31, 2010, primarily due to increased activity, particularly in the EMEA region.

74





Credit portfolio activities
Use of single-name and portfolio credit derivatives
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
Credit derivatives used to manage:
 
 
 
Loans and lending-related commitments
$
5,775

 
$
6,698

Derivative receivables
18,430

 
16,825

Total protection purchased
24,205

 
23,523

Total protection sold
199

 
415

Credit derivatives hedges notional, net
$
24,006

 
$
23,108


The credit derivatives used by JPMorgan Chase for credit portfolio management activities do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP; these derivatives are reported at fair value, with gains and losses recognized in principal transactions revenue. In contrast, the loans and lending-related commitments being risk-managed are accounted for on an accrual basis. This asymmetry in accounting treatment, between loans and lending-related commitments and the credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, causes earnings volatility that is not representative, in the Firm’s view, of the true changes in value of the Firm’s overall credit exposure. The MTM value related to the Firm’s credit derivatives used for managing credit exposure, as well as the MTM value related to the CVA (which reflects the credit quality of derivatives counterparty exposure) are included in the gains and losses realized on credit derivatives disclosed in the table below. These results can vary from period to period due to market conditions that affect specific positions in the portfolio.
Gains and losses on CVA and hedges of CVA and lending-related commitments
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Hedges of lending-related commitments
$
(31
)
 
$
60

 
$
(75
)
 
$
(60
)
CVA and hedges of CVA
(98
)
 
(289
)
 
(137
)
 
(290
)
Net gains/(losses)
$
(129
)
 
$
(229
)
 
$
(212
)
 
$
(350
)

Lending-related commitments
JPMorgan Chase uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the counterparties draw down on these commitments or the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the counterparties subsequently fails to perform according to the terms of these contracts.
Wholesale lending-related commitments were $365.7 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $346.1 billion at December 31, 2010, reflecting increased client activity.
In the Firm’s view, the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is not representative of the Firm’s actual credit risk exposure or funding requirements. In determining the amount of credit risk exposure the Firm has to wholesale lending-related commitments, which is used as the basis for allocating credit risk capital to these commitments, the Firm has established a “loan-equivalent” amount for each commitment; this amount represents the portion of the unused commitment or other contingent exposure that is expected, based on average portfolio historical experience, to become drawn upon in an event of a default by an obligor. The loan-equivalent amounts of the Firm’s lending-related commitments were $194.7 billion and $178.9 billion as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Country exposure
The Firm’s wholesale portfolio includes country risk exposures to both developed and emerging markets. The Firm seeks to diversify its country exposures, including its credit-related lending, derivative, trading and investment activities, whether cross-border or locally funded.
Country exposure under the Firm’s internal risk management approach is reported based on the country where the assets of the obligor, counterparty or guarantor are located or where the majority of the revenue is derived, and includes activity with both government and private-sector entities in a country. Exposure amounts include the fair value of derivative receivables and consider credit derivative protection sold and bought, based on the country of the referenced obligation. Exposure amounts, including resale agreements, are adjusted for collateral received by the Firm, for credit enhancements (e.g., guarantees and letters of credit) provided by third parties and for credit derivative protection purchased (which can be either name-specific or sovereign-referenced).  Exposures supported by a guarantor located outside the country are generally assigned to the country of the enhancement provider.   For trading and investment activities, other short credit or equity trading positions are taken into consideration.


75





Several European countries, including Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy and Ireland, have been subject to credit deterioration due to weaknesses in their economic and fiscal situations. The Firm is closely monitoring its exposures in these countries. As of June 30, 2011, aggregate net exposures to these five countries as measured under the Firm’s internal approach was approximately $14 billion.  Sovereign exposure in all five countries represented approximately 26% of the aggregate net exposure, with the majority of the sovereign exposure in Spain. The Firm’s exposure to corporate clients in all five countries represented approximately 62% of the aggregate net exposure. The Firm’s exposure to the banking sector represented approximately 12%.
The Firm currently believes its exposure to these five countries is modest relative to the Firm’s overall risk exposures and is manageable given the size and types of exposures to each of the countries and the diversification of the aggregate exposure. Net exposure is adjusted for liquid collateral held, of which approximately 90% consists of cash and non-sovereign collateral. In addition, predominately all of the credit derivative protection is purchased from investment-grade counterparties domiciled outside of these countries. 
The Firm continues to conduct business and support client activity in these countries and, therefore, the Firm’s aggregate net exposures and sector distribution may vary over time. In addition, the net exposures may be affected by changes in market conditions, including the effects of interest rates and credit spreads on market valuations.
As part of its ongoing country risk management process, the Firm monitors exposure to emerging market countries, and utilizes country stress tests to measure and manage the risk of extreme loss associated with a sovereign crisis in one or more countries. There is no common definition of emerging markets, but the Firm generally includes in its definition those countries whose sovereign debt ratings are equivalent to “A+” or lower. The table below presents the Firm’s exposure to its top 10 emerging markets countries based on its internal measurement approach. The selection of countries is based solely on the Firm’s largest total exposures by country and does not represent its view of any actual or potentially adverse credit conditions.
Top 10 emerging markets country exposure
June 30, 2011
Cross-border
 
Total
exposure
(in billions)
Lending(a)
Trading(b)
Other(c)
Total
Local(d)
Brazil
$
4.3

$
(0.7
)
$
1.2

$
4.8

$
8.8

$
13.6

India
6.3

4.3

1.5

12.1

1.5

13.6

South Korea
2.8

1.5

1.6

5.9

5.8

11.7

China
5.1

1.3

1.5

7.9

2.3

10.2

Hong Kong
4.0

1.5

2.4

7.9

2.0

9.9

Taiwan
0.7

0.8

0.4

1.9

3.4

5.3

Malaysia
0.5

3.2

0.4

4.1

1.0

5.1

Mexico
1.8

2.3

0.5

4.6

0.1

4.7

United Arab Emirates
2.9

0.5


3.4


3.4

Chile
1.3

1.5

0.5

3.3

0.1

3.4

December 31, 2010
Cross-border
 
Total
exposure
(in billions)
Lending(a)
Trading(b)
Other(c)
Total
Local(d)
Brazil
$
3.0

$
1.8

$
1.1

$
5.9

$
3.9

$
9.8

South Korea
3.0

1.4

1.5

5.9

3.1

9.0

India
4.2

2.1

1.4

7.7

1.1

8.8

China
3.6

1.1

1.0

5.7

1.2

6.9

Hong Kong
2.5

1.5

1.2

5.2


5.2

Mexico
2.1

2.3

0.5

4.9


4.9

Malaysia
0.6

2.0

0.3

2.9

0.4

3.3

Taiwan
0.3

0.6

0.4

1.3

1.9

3.2

Thailand
0.3

1.1

0.4

1.8

0.9

2.7

Russia
1.2

1.0

0.3

2.5


2.5

(a)
Lending includes loans and accrued interests receivable, interests-earning deposits with banks, acceptances, other monetary assets, issued letters of credit net of participations, and undrawn commitments to extend credit.
(b)
Trading includes: (1) issuer exposure on cross-border debt and equity instruments, held both in trading and investment accounts and adjusted for the impact of issuer hedges, including credit derivatives; and (2) counterparty exposure on derivative and foreign exchange contracts as well as securities financing trades (resale agreements and securities borrowed).
(c)
Other represents mainly local exposure funded cross-border, including capital investments in local entities.
(d)
Local exposure is defined as exposure to a country denominated in local currency and booked locally. Any exposure not meeting these criteria is defined as cross-border exposure.

76





CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
JPMorgan Chase’s consumer portfolio consists primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, credit cards, auto loans, student loans and business banking loans. The Firm’s primary focus is on serving the prime consumer credit market. For further information on the consumer loans, see Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q.
A substantial portion of the consumer loans acquired in the September 2008 Washington Mutual transaction were identified as purchased credit-impaired based on an analysis of high-risk characteristics, including product type, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, FICO scores and delinquency status. These PCI loans are accounted for on a pool basis, and the pools are considered to be performing. For further information on PCI loans see Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The credit performance of the consumer portfolio across the entire product spectrum has improved, particularly in credit card, but high unemployment and weak overall economic conditions continued to result in an elevated number of residential real estate loans that charge-off, while weak housing prices continued to negatively affect the severity of loss recognized on residential real estate loans that default. Both early-stage residential real estate delinquencies (30–89 days delinquent) and late-stage delinquencies (150+ days delinquent) have declined in 2011 but remained elevated. The elevated level of the late-stage delinquent loans is due, in part, to loss-mitigation activities currently being undertaken and to elongated foreclosure processing timelines. Losses related to these loans continued to be recognized in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off practices, but some delinquent loans that would otherwise have been foreclosed upon remain in the mortgage and home equity loan portfolios. Ongoing weak economic conditions, combined with elevated delinquencies and ongoing discussions regarding mortgage foreclosure-related matters with federal and state officials, continue to result in a high level of uncertainty in the residential real estate portfolio.
The Firm has taken actions since the onset of the economic downturn in 2007 to tighten underwriting and loan qualification standards and to eliminate certain products and loan origination channels, which have resulted in the reduction of credit risk and improved credit performance for recent loan vintages.

77





The following table presents managed consumer credit-related information (including RFS, CS and residential real estate loans reported in the Corporate/Private Equity segment) for the dates indicated. For further information about the Firm’s nonaccrual and charge-off accounting policies, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Consumer credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonaccrual loans (h)(i)
 
Net charge-offs
 
Average
annual net
charge-off rate(j)

 
Net charge-offs
 
Average
annual net
charge-off rate(j)

(in millions, except ratios)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien(a)
$
22,969

$
24,376

 
$
481

$
479

 
$
74

$
70

 
1.27
%
1.06
%
 
$
139

$
139

 
1.18
%
1.05
%
Home equity – junior lien(b)
59,782

64,009

 
827

784

 
518

726

 
3.42

4.16

 
1,173

1,783

 
3.83

5.05

Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
74,276

74,539

 
4,024

4,320

 
199

290

 
1.07

1.52

 
370

775

 
1.00

2.04

Subprime mortgage
10,441

11,287

 
2,058

2,210

 
156

282

 
5.85

8.63

 
342

739

 
6.33

11.12

Auto(c)
46,796

48,367

 
111

141

 
19

58

 
0.16

0.49

 
66

160

 
0.28

0.68

Business banking
17,141

16,812

 
770

832

 
117

168

 
2.74

4.04

 
236

359

 
2.80

4.31

Student and other
14,770

15,311

 
79

67

 
130

168

 
3.50

4.24

 
216

246

 
2.88

3.02

Total loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
246,175

254,701

 
8,350

8,833

 
1,213

1,762

 
1.96

2.66

 
2,542

4,201

 
2.05

3.16

Loans – PCI(d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 


Home equity
23,535

24,459

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Prime mortgage
16,200

17,322

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Subprime mortgage
5,187

5,398

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Option ARMs
24,072

25,584

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Total loans – PCI
68,994

72,763

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

Total loans – retained
315,169

327,464

 
8,350

8,833

 
1,213

1,762

 
1.53

2.06

 
2,542

4,201

 
1.60

2.44

Loans held-for-sale(e)
221

154

 


 


 


 


 


Total consumer, excluding credit card loans
315,390

327,618

 
8,350

8,833

 
1,213

1,762

 
1.53

2.06

 
2,542

4,201

 
1.60

2.44

Lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien(a)(f)
17,265

17,662

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – junior lien(b)(f)
28,586

30,948

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime mortgage
1,117

1,266

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subprime mortgage


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
6,795

5,246

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business banking
10,046

9,702

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Student and other
840

579

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total lending-related commitments
64,649

65,403

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card
380,039

393,021

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(g)
125,523

135,524

 
2

2

 
1,810

3,721

 
5.82

10.20

 
4,036

8,233

 
6.40

10.99

Loans held-for-sale

2,152

 


 


 


 


 


Total credit card loans
125,523

137,676

 
2

2

 
1,810

3,721

 
5.82

10.20

 
4,036

8,233

 
6.40

10.99

Lending-related commitments(f)
535,625

547,227

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 


Total credit card exposure
661,148

684,903

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 


Total consumer credit portfolio
$
1,041,187

$
1,077,924

 
$
8,352

$
8,835

 
$
3,023

$
5,483

 
2.74
%
4.49
%
 
$
6,578

$
12,434

 
2.96
%
5.03
%
Memo: Total consumer credit portfolio, excluding PCI
$
972,193

$
1,005,161

 
$
8,352

$
8,835

 
$
3,023

$
5,483

 
3.25
%
5.34
%
 
$
6,578

$
12,434

 
3.52
%
5.98
%
(a)
Represents loans where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
(b)
Represents loans where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluded operating lease–related assets of $4.2 billion and $3.7 billion , respectively.
(d)
Charge-offs are not recorded on PCI loans until actual losses exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. To date, no charge-offs have been recorded for these loans.
(e)
Represents prime mortgage loans held-for-sale.
(f)
The credit card and home equity lending–related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card commitments and home equity commitments (if certain conditions are met), the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases, without notice as permitted by law.
(g)
Includes billed finance charges and fees net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts.
(h)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, nonaccrual loans excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.1 billion and $9.4 billion,

78





respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $558 million and $625 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance. Under guidance issued by the FFIEC, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
(i)
Excludes PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
(j)
Average consumer loans held-for-sale were $352 million and $1.9 billion, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and $1.7 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off rates.
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loan balances declined during the six months ended June 30, 2011, due to paydowns, portfolio run-off and charge-offs. Credit performance has improved across most portfolios but remains under stress. The following discussion relates to the specific loan and lending-related categories. PCI loans are generally excluded from individual loan product discussions and are addressed separately below.
Home equity: Home equity loans at June 30, 2011, were $82.8 billion, compared with $88.4 billion at December 31, 2010. The decrease in this portfolio primarily reflected loan paydowns and charge-offs. Senior lien nonaccrual loans remained relatively flat compared with December 31, 2010, while junior lien nonaccrual loans increased slightly. Early-stage delinquencies modestly improved from December 31, 2010, while net charge-offs improved from the same period of the prior year.
Approximately 20% of the Firm's owned home equity portfolio consists of home equity loans (“HELOANs”) and the remainder consists of home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”). HELOANs are generally fixed-rate, closed-end, amortizing loans, with terms ranging from 3–30 years. Approximately half of the HELOANs are senior liens and the remainder are junior liens. In general, HELOCs are open-ended, revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20-year amortization period. The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty or where collateral does not support the loan amount. Because the majority of the HELOCs were funded in 2005 or later, a fully-amortizing payment is not required for the most significant portion of the HELOC portfolio until 2015 or after. The Firm regularly evaluates both the near-term and longer-term repricing risks inherent in its HELOC portfolio to ensure that the allowance for credit losses and account management practices are appropriate given the portfolio risk profile.
At June 30, 2011, the Firm estimates that its home equity portfolio contained approximately $4 billion of junior lien loans where the borrower has a first mortgage loan that is either delinquent or has been modified. Such loans are considered to pose a higher risk of default than that of junior lien loans for which the senior lien is neither delinquent nor modified. Of this estimated $4 billion balance, the Firm owns less than 5% and services approximately 30% of the related senior lien loans to these same borrowers; in these cases, the Firm knows whether the senior lien loan is either delinquent or modified. In the other cases where the Firm neither owns nor services the senior lien loan, the Firm estimates the amount of higher-risk junior lien loans. The performance of the Firm's junior lien loans is otherwise materially consistent regardless of whether the Firm owns, services or does not service the senior lien. The increased probability of default associated with these higher-risk junior lien loans was considered in estimating the allowance for loan losses.
Mortgage: Mortgage loans at June 30, 2011, including prime, subprime and loans held-for-sale, were $84.9 billion, compared with $86.0 billion at December 31, 2010. The decrease was primarily due to paydowns, portfolio run-off and charge-offs on delinquent loans, partially offset by prime mortgage originations. Net charge-offs decreased from the same period in the prior year but remained elevated.
Prime mortgages, including option adjustable-rate mortgages (“ARMs”) and loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2011, were $74.5 billion, compared with $74.7 billion at December 31, 2010. Such loans were relatively unchanged from December 31, 2010, as charge-offs on delinquent loans, paydowns, and portfolio run-off of option ARM loans were offset by prime mortgage originations. Excluding loans insured by U.S. government agencies, both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed modest improvement during the first half of the year but remained elevated. Nonaccrual loans showed improvement, but also remained elevated as a result of ongoing foreclosure processing delays. Net charge-offs declined year over year but remained high.
Option ARM loans, which are included in the prime mortgage portfolio, were $7.9 billion and $8.1 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, and represented 11% of the prime mortgage portfolio in both periods. The decrease in option ARM loans resulted from portfolio run-off, partially offset by the repurchase of loans previously securitized as the securitization entities were terminated. The Firm’s option ARM loans, other than those held in the PCI portfolio, are primarily loans with lower LTV ratios and higher borrower FICOs. Accordingly, the Firm expects substantially lower losses on this portfolio when compared with the PCI option ARM pool. As of June 30, 2011, approximately 6% of option ARM borrowers were delinquent, 4% were making interest-only or negatively amortizing payments, and 90% were making amortizing payments. Approximately 84% of borrowers within the portfolio are subject to risk of payment shock due to future payment recast, as a limited number of these loans have been modified. The cumulative amount of unpaid interest added to the unpaid principal balance due to negative

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amortization of option ARMs was not material at either June 30, 2011, or December 31, 2010. The Firm estimates the following balances of option ARM loans will experience a recast that results in a payment increase: $29 million in 2011, $297 million in 2012 and $981 million in 2013. The Firm did not originate option ARMs and new originations of option ARMs were discontinued by Washington Mutual prior to the date of JPMorgan Chase’s acquisition of its banking operations.
Subprime mortgages at June 30, 2011, were $10.4 billion, compared with $11.3 billion at December 31, 2010. The decrease was due to portfolio run-off and charge-offs on delinquent loans. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies improved from December 2010. However, delinquencies and nonaccrual loans remained at elevated levels. Net charge-offs improved significantly from the same period in the prior year.
Auto: Auto loans at June 30, 2011, were $46.8 billion, compared with $48.4 billion at December 31, 2010. Loan balances declined due to the impact of increased competition. Delinquent and nonaccrual loans have decreased. Net charge-offs declined from the prior year as a result of lower delinquencies and a decline in loss severity due to a strong used-car market nationwide. The auto loan portfolio reflected a high concentration of prime-quality credits.
Business banking: Business banking loans at June 30, 2011, were $17.1 billion, compared with $16.8 billion at December 31, 2010. The increase was due to growth in new loan origination volumes. These loans primarily include loans that are collateralized, often with personal loan guarantees, and may also include Small Business Administration guarantees. Delinquent loans and nonaccrual loans showed some improvement, but remain elevated. Net charge-offs declined from the prior year.
Student and other: Student and other loans at June 30, 2011, were $14.8 billion, compared with $15.3 billion at December 31, 2010. The decrease was due to paydowns in student loans. Other loans primarily include other secured and unsecured consumer loans. Delinquencies and nonaccrual loans remained elevated, while charge-offs decreased from the prior-year quarter.
Purchased credit-impaired loans: PCI loans at June 30, 2011, were $69.0 billion, compared with $72.8 billion at December 31, 2010. This portfolio represents loans acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction that were recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition.
The Firm regularly updates the amount of principal and interest cash flows expected to be collected for these loans. Probable decreases in expected loan principal cash flows would trigger the recognition of impairment through the provision for loan losses. Probable and significant increases in expected cash flows (e.g., decreased principal credit losses, the net benefit of modifications) would first reverse any previously recorded allowance for loan losses, with any remaining increase in the expected cash flows recognized prospectively in interest income over the remaining estimated lives of the underlying loans.
At both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses for the home equity, prime mortgage, subprime mortgage and option ARM PCI pools was $1.6 billion, $1.8 billion, $98 million and $1.5 billion, respectively.
Approximately 36% of the option ARM PCI loans were delinquent, 4% were making interest-only or negatively amortizing payments, and 60% were making amortizing payments. Approximately 34% of current borrowers are subject to risk of payment shock due to future payment recast; substantially all of the remaining loans have been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans. The cumulative amount of unpaid interest added to the unpaid principal balance of the option ARM PCI pool was $1.2 billion and $1.4 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The Firm estimates the following balances of option ARM PCI loans will experience a recast that results in a payment increase: $547 million in 2011, $2.4 billion in 2012 and $501 million in 2013.
The following table provides a summary of lifetime loss estimates included in both the nonaccretable difference and the allowance for loan losses. Principal charge-offs will not be recorded on these pools until the nonaccretable difference has been fully depleted.
 
Lifetime loss estimates(a)
 
LTD liquidation losses(b)
(in billions)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Home equity
$
14.7

$
14.7

 
$
9.7

$
8.8

Prime mortgage
4.9

4.9

 
1.9

1.5

Subprime mortgage
3.7

3.7

 
1.4

1.2

Option ARMs
11.6

11.6

 
5.7

4.9

Total
$
34.9

$
34.9

 
$
18.7

$
16.4

(a)
Includes the original nonaccretable difference established in purchase accounting of $30.5 billion for principal losses only plus additional principal losses recognized subsequent to acquisition through the provision and allowance for loan losses. The remaining nonaccretable difference for principal losses only was $11.8 billion and $14.1 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(b)
Life-to-date (“LTD”) liquidation losses represent realization of loss upon loan resolution.

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Geographic composition and current LTVs of residential real estate loans
The consumer credit portfolio is geographically diverse. California has the greatest concentration of residential real estate loans with 24% of the total retained residential real estate loan portfolio, excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. Of the total retained residential real estate loan portfolio, excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, $82.7 billion, or 54%, were concentrated in California, New York, Arizona, Florida and Michigan at June 30, 2011, compared with $86.4 billion, or 54%, at December 31, 2010.
The current estimated average LTV ratio for residential real estate loans retained, excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, was 83% at both June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Excluding mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, 24% of the retained portfolio had a current estimated LTV ratio greater than 100%, and 10% of the retained portfolio had a current estimated LTV ratio greater than 125% at both June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. The decline in home prices since 2007 has had a significant impact on the collateral value underlying the Firm’s residential real estate loan portfolio. In general, the delinquency rate for loans with high LTV ratios is greater than the delinquency rate for loans in which the borrower has equity in the collateral. While a large portion of the loans with current estimated LTV ratios greater than 100% continue to pay and are current, the continued willingness and ability of these borrowers to pay remains uncertain.
The following table presents the current estimated LTV ratio, as well as the ratio of the carrying value of the underlying loans to the current estimated collateral value, for PCI loans. Because such loans were initially measured at fair value, the ratio of the carrying value to the current estimated collateral value will be lower than the current estimated LTV ratio, which is based on the unpaid principal balance. The estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
LTV ratios and ratios of carrying values to current estimated collateral values – PCI loans
 
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Unpaid principal balance (a)
Current estimated
LTV ratio(b)
Net carrying value(d)
Ratio of net
carrying value
to current estimated
collateral value(d)
 
Unpaid principal
balance(a)
Current estimated
LTV ratio(b)
Net carrying value(d)
Ratio of net
carrying value
to current estimated
collateral value(d)
 
 
Home equity
$
26,611

117
%
(c) 
$
21,952

97
%
 
$
28,312

117
%
(c) 
$
22,876

95
%
 
Prime mortgage
17,473

110

 
14,434

91

 
18,928

109

 
15,556

90

 
Subprime mortgage
7,677

115

 
5,089

76

 
8,042

113

 
5,300

74

 
Option ARMs
28,445

110

 
22,578

87

 
30,791

111

 
24,090

87

(a)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
(b)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated at least quarterly based on home valuation models that utilize nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates; such models incorporate actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available.
(c)
Represents current estimated combined LTV for junior home equity liens, which considers all available lien positions related to the property. All other products are presented without consideration of subordinate liens on the property.
(d)
Net carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition and is also net of the allowance for loan losses, which was $1.6 billion for home equity, $1.8 billion for prime mortgage, $98 million for subprime mortgage and $1.5 billion for option ARMs at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform to the current-period presentation.

PCI loans in the states of California and Florida represented 53% and 10%, respectively, of total PCI loans at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The current estimated average LTV ratios were 118% and 140% for California and Florida loans, respectively, at June 30, 2011, compared with 118% and 135%, respectively, at December 31, 2010. Continued pressure on housing prices in California and Florida have contributed negatively to both the current estimated average LTV ratio and the ratio of net carrying value to current estimated collateral value for loans in the PCI portfolio. Of the PCI portfolio, at both June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, 63% had a current estimated LTV ratio greater than 100%, and 31% had a current estimated LTV ratio greater than 125%.
While the current estimated collateral value is greater than the net carrying value of PCI loans, the ultimate performance of this portfolio is highly dependent on borrowers’ behavior and ongoing ability and willingness to continue to make payments on homes with negative equity, as well as on the cost of alternative housing. For further information on the geographic composition and current estimated LTVs of residential real estate – non-PCI and PCI loans, see Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q.

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Loan modification activities
For additional information about consumer loan modification activities, including consumer loan modifications accounted for as troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), see Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 on pages 139–140 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Residential real estate loans: For both the Firm’s on–balance sheet loans and loans serviced for others, more than 1,177,000 mortgage modifications have been offered to borrowers and approximately 375,000 have been approved since the beginning of 2009. Of these, approximately 355,000 have achieved permanent modification as of June 30, 2011. Of the remaining 802,000 offered modifications, 27% are in a trial period or still being reviewed for a modification, while 73% have dropped out of the modification program or otherwise were not eligible for final modification.
The Firm is participating in the U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable (“MHA”) programs and is continuing to expand its other loss-mitigation efforts for financially distressed borrowers who do not qualify for the U.S. Treasury’s programs. The MHA programs include the Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) and the Second Lien Modification Program (“2MP”). The Firm’s other loss-mitigation programs for troubled borrowers who do not qualify for HAMP include the traditional modification programs offered by the GSEs and Ginnie Mae, as well as the Firm’s proprietary modification programs, which include concessions similar to those offered under HAMP but with expanded eligibility criteria. In addition, the Firm has offered modification programs targeted specifically to borrowers with higher-risk mortgage products.
MHA, as well as the Firm’s other loss-mitigation programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers, including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions, and deferral or forgiveness of principal payments that would have otherwise been required under the terms of the original agreement. For the 81,300 on–balance sheet loans modified under HAMP and the Firm’s other loss-mitigation programs since July 1, 2009, 53% of permanent loan modifications have included interest rate reductions, 57% have included term or payment extensions, 12% have included principal deferment and 22% have included principal forgiveness. Principal forgiveness has been limited to specific modification programs to higher-risk borrowers. The sum of the percentages of the types of loan modifications exceeds 100%, because in some cases, the modification of an individual loan includes more than one type of concession.
Generally, borrowers must make at least three payments under the new terms during a trial modification period and be successfully re-underwritten with income verification before a mortgage or home equity loan can be permanently modified. When the Firm modifies home equity lines of credit, future lending commitments related to the modified loans are canceled as part of the terms of the modification.
The ultimate success of these modification programs and their impact on reducing credit losses remains uncertain given the short period of time since modification. The primary indicator used by management to monitor the success of these programs is the rate at which the modified loans redefault. Modification redefault rates are affected by a number of factors, including the type of loan modified, the borrower’s overall ability and willingness to repay the modified loan and other macroeconomic factors. Reduction in payment size for a borrower has shown to be the most significant driver in improving redefault rates. Modifications completed after July 1, 2009, whether under HAMP or under the Firm’s other modification programs, differ from modifications completed under prior programs in that they are generally fully underwritten after a successful trial payment period of at least three months. Performance metrics to date for modifications seasoned more than six months show weighted average redefault rates of 20% and 28% for HAMP and the Firm’s other modification programs, respectively. These redefault rates exclude certain recent modifications that were offered to borrowers who were current on their loans prior to modification, but who were subject to future payment recast risk. The weighted average default rate for such modifications that have seasoned more than six months was 5%. While the redefault rates for HAMP and the Firm’s other modification programs compare favorably to equivalent metrics for modifications completed under programs in effect prior to July 1, 2009, ultimate redefault rates remain uncertain until modified loans have seasoned.
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, relating to restructured on–balance sheet residential real estate loans for which concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. Modifications of PCI loans continue to be accounted for and reported as PCI loans, and the impact of the modification is incorporated into the Firm’s quarterly assessment of estimated future cash flows. Modifications of consumer loans other than PCI loans are generally accounted for and reported as TDRs.

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Restructured residential real estate loans
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
On–balance
sheet loans
Nonaccrual on–balance sheet loans(d)
 
On–balance
sheet loans
Nonaccrual on–balance sheet loans(d)
Restructured residential real estate loans – excluding PCI loans(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien
$
261

$
53

 
$
226

$
38

Home equity – junior lien
517

232

 
283

63

Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
3,390

698

 
2,084

534

Subprime mortgage
2,843

695

 
2,751

632

Total restructured residential real estate loans – excluding PCI loans
$
7,011

$
1,678

 
$
5,344

$
1,267

Restructured PCI loans(c)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
749

NA

 
$
492

NA

Prime mortgage
3,663

NA

 
3,018

NA

Subprime mortgage
3,560

NA

 
3,329

NA

Option ARMs
12,574

NA

 
9,396

NA

Total restructured PCI loans
$
20,546

NA

 
$
16,235

NA

(a)
Amounts represent the carrying value of restructured residential real estate loans.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, $3.5 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHA) were excluded from loans accounted for as TDRs. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure. For additional information about sales of loans in securitization transactions with Ginnie Mae, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
(c)
Amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of restructured PCI loans.
(d)
Nonaccrual loans modified in a TDR may be returned to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms or three payments subsequent to permanent modification if trial modification payments were made. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, nonaccrual loans included $938 million and $580 million, respectively, of TDRs for which the borrowers had not yet made six payments under the modified terms.
Foreclosure prevention: Foreclosure is a last resort, and the Firm makes significant efforts to help borrowers stay in their homes. Since the second quarter of 2009, the Firm has prevented two foreclosures (through loan modification, short sales, and other foreclosure prevention means) for every foreclosure completed.
The Firm has a well-defined foreclosure prevention process when a borrower fails to pay on his or her loan. Customer contacts are attempted multiple times in various ways to pursue options other than foreclosure. In addition, if the Firm is unable to contact a customer, various reviews are completed of a borrower’s facts and circumstances before a foreclosure sale is completed. By the time of a foreclosure sale, borrowers have not made a payment on average for more than 14 months.
The foreclosure process is governed by laws and regulations established on a state-by-state basis. In some states, the foreclosure process involves a judicial process requiring filing documents with a court. In other states, the process is mostly non-judicial, involving various processes, some of which require filing documents with governmental agencies. During the third quarter of 2010, the Firm became aware that certain documents executed by Firm personnel in connection with the foreclosure process may not have complied with all applicable procedural requirements. As a result, the Firm instructed its outside foreclosure counsel to temporarily suspend foreclosures, foreclosure sales and evictions in 43 states so that it could review its processes. These matters are the subject of investigation by federal and state officials. For further discussion, see “Mortgage Foreclosure Investigations and Litigation” in Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q.
As of June 30, 2011, the Firm has resumed initiation of new foreclosure proceedings in nearly all states in which it had previously suspended such proceedings.

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Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, about consumer, excluding credit card nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a) 
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
Nonaccrual loans(b)(c)
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien
$
481

 
$
479

Home equity – junior lien
827

 
784

Prime mortgage, including option ARMs
4,024

 
4,320

Subprime mortgage
2,058

 
2,210

Auto
111

 
141

Business banking
770

 
832

Student and other
79

 
67

Total nonaccrual loans
8,350

 
8,833

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
Real estate owned
956

 
1,294

Other
46

 
67

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
1,002

 
1,361

Total nonperforming assets
$
9,352

 
$
10,194

(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $9.1 billion and $9.4 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) real estate owned insured by U.S. government agencies of $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively; and (3) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $558 million and $625 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans that were acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction, which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. Because the Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans, they are all considered to be performing.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, consumer, excluding credit card nonaccrual loans represented 2.65% and 2.70%, respectively, of total consumer, excluding credit card loans ..
Nonaccrual loans: Total consumer, excluding credit card nonaccrual loans, were $8.4 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $8.8 billion at December 31, 2010. Nonaccrual loans have stabilized, but remained at elevated levels. The increase in loan modification activities is expected to continue to result in elevated levels of nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolios as a result of both redefault of modified loans as well as the Firm’s policy that modified loans remain in nonaccrual status until repayment is reasonably assured and the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms or three payments subsequent to permanent modification if trial modification payments were made. Nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio totaled $7.4 billion at June 30, 2011, of which 71% were greater than 150 days past due; this compared with nonaccrual residential real estate loans of $7.8 billion at December 31, 2010, of which 71% were greater than 150 days past due. Modified residential real estate loans of $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, were classified as nonaccrual loans. Of these modified residential real estate loans, $938 million and $580 million had yet to make six payments under their modified terms at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, with the remaining nonaccrual modified loans having redefaulted. In the aggregate, the unpaid principal balance of residential real estate loans greater than 150 days past due was charged down by approximately 48% and 46% to estimated collateral value at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
Real estate owned (“REO”): REO assets, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, decreased by $338 million from December 31, 2010, to $956 million at June 30, 2011.
Enhancements to Mortgage Servicing
During the second quarter of 2011, the Firm entered into Consent Orders with banking regulators relating to its residential mortgage servicing, foreclosure and loss-mitigation activities. In their Orders, the regulators have mandated significant changes to the Firm’s servicing and default business and outlined requirements to implement these changes. In accordance with the requirements of the Consent Orders, the Firm submitted a comprehensive action plan setting forth the steps necessary to ensure the Firm’s residential mortgage servicing, foreclosure and loss-mitigation activities are conducted in accordance with the requirements of the Orders. In addition, the Firm has undertaken remedial actions to ensure that it satisfies all requirements relating to mortgage servicing, foreclosures and loss-mitigation activities outlined in the Consent Orders. These corrective actions, which the Firm intends to implement over the course of this year, include:
Strengthening its compliance program so as to ensure mortgage-servicing and foreclosure operations, including loss-mitigation and loan modification, comply with all applicable legal requirements.
Establishing a single point of contact for borrowers to ensure effective coordination and communication related to foreclosure,

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loss-mitigation and loan modification.
Ensuring appropriate oversight over third-party vendors for foreclosure or other related functions.
Ensuring appropriate controls and oversight of the Firm’s activities with respect to the Mortgage Electronic Registration system (“MERS”) and compliance with MERSCORP’s membership rules, terms and conditions.
Enhancing management information systems for loan modification, loss-mitigation and foreclosure activities.
Developing a comprehensive assessment of risks in servicing operations including, but not limited to, operational, transaction, legal and reputational risks.
In addition, pursuant to the Consent Orders, the Firm is required to enhance oversight of its mortgage servicing activities, including compliance, management and audit and, accordingly, is making changes in its organization structure, control oversight and customer service practices, which include:
Establishing an independent Compliance Committee which meets regularly and monitors progress against the Consent Orders.
Submission of a MERS plan which will ensure the Firm has the appropriate controls in place and is in compliance with MERSCORP’s membership rules, terms, and conditions.
Completion of a draft comprehensive risk assessment which has been submitted to senior management for review; a risk management plan is under development and it is intended to be completed within 120 days of the Consent Order.
Adding and upgrading compliance resources to support their expanded role with regard to ongoing activities as well as the expanded testing plan.
Defining the single point of contact role, including the roles of supervisors and managers, and the subsequent initiation of a pilot with the rollout of the single point of contact scheduled for later this year.
Additionally, pursuant to the Consent Orders, the Firm has retained an independent consultant to conduct a review of its residential foreclosure actions during the period from January 1, 2009, through December 31, 2010 (including foreclosure actions brought in respect to loans being serviced), and to remediate any errors or deficiencies identified by the independent consultant, including, if required, by reimbursing borrowers for any identified financial injury they may have incurred. The identification of residential mortgage loans serviced by the Firm in which a foreclosure action was initiated is in process and will be provided to the Independent Consultant. The borrower outreach process is being developed. For additional information, see Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q.
Credit Card
Total credit card loans were $125.5 billion at June 30, 2011, a decrease of $12.2 billion from December 31, 2010, due to seasonality, higher repayment rates, runoff of the Washington Mutual portfolio and the Firm's sale of the $3.7 billion Kohl's portfolio on April 1, 2011.
For the retained credit card portfolio, the 30 plus day delinquency rate decreased to 2.98% at June 30, 2011, from 4.14% at December 31, 2010; and the net charge-off rate decreased to 5.82% for the three months ended June 30, 2011, from 10.20% for the three months ended June 30, 2010. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the respective net charge-off rates were 6.40% and 10.99%. The delinquency trend is showing improvement, especially within early-stage delinquencies. Charge-offs have improved as a result of lower delinquent loans. The credit card portfolio continues to reflect a well-seasoned, largely rewards-based portfolio that has good U.S. geographic diversification. The greatest geographic concentration of credit card retained loans is in California, which represented 13% of total retained loans at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. Loan concentration for the top five states of California, New York, Texas, Florida and Illinois consisted of $50.5 billion in receivables, or 40% of the retained loan portfolio, at June 30, 2011, compared with $54.4 billion, or 40%, at December 31, 2010.
Total retained credit card loans, excluding the Washington Mutual portfolio, were $113.8 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $121.8 billion at December 31, 2010. The 30 plus day delinquency rate was 2.71% at June 30, 2011, down from 3.73% at December 31, 2010, and the net charge-off rate decreased to 5.23% for the three months ended June 30, 2011, from 9.02% for the three months ended June 30, 2010. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the respective net charge-off rates were 5.77% and 9.80%.

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Retained credit card loans in the Washington Mutual portfolio were $11.8 billion at June 30, 2011, compared with $13.7 billion at December 31, 2010. The Washington Mutual portfolio’s 30 plus day delinquency rate was 5.53% at June 30, 2011, down from 7.74% at December 31, 2010. The respective net charge-off rates for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, were 11.28% and 19.53%, and for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the respectively net charge-off rate was 12.16% and 20.10%.
Modifications of credit card loans
For additional information about loan modification programs to borrowers, see Modifications of credit card loans on pages 137–138 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm had $8.5 billion and $10.0 billion, respectively, of on–balance sheet credit card loans outstanding that have been modified in TDRs. These balances included both credit card loans with modified payment terms and credit card loans that reverted back to their pre-modification payment terms. The decrease in modified credit card loans outstanding from December 31, 2010, to June 30, 2011, was primarily attributable to a reduction in new modifications, with ongoing payments or charge-offs on previously modified credit card loans also contributing to the decrease. The Firm expects that a significant portion of the borrowers whose loans have been modified will not ultimately comply with the modified payment terms. Based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average ultimate default rates for modified credit card loans were 37.40% at June 30, 2011, and 36.45% at December 31, 2010.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status. However, the Firm establishes an allowance for the estimated uncollectible portion of billed and accrued interest and fee income on credit card loans, which is reflected as a charge to interest income.
COMMUNITY REINVESTMENT ACT EXPOSURE
The Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) encourages banks to meet the credit needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including neighborhoods with low or moderate incomes. JPMorgan Chase is a national leader in community development by providing loans, investments and community development services in communities across the United States.
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm’s CRA loan portfolio was approximately $15 billion and $16 billion, respectively. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, 65%, respectively, of the CRA portfolio were residential mortgage loans at both periods; 16% and 15%, respectively, were business banking loans; 13% and 14%, respectively, were commercial real estate loans; and 6%, respectively, were other loans at both periods. CRA nonaccrual loans were 6% of the Firm’s nonaccrual loans at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. Net charge-offs in the CRA portfolio were 3% and 2%, respectively, of the Firm’s net charge-offs for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the net charge-offs in the CRA portfolio were 3% and 2%, respectively, of the Firm's net charge-offs.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for loan losses covers the wholesale (risk-rated), and consumer (primarily scored) portfolios. The allowance represents management’s estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the Firm’s loan portfolio. Management also determines an allowance for wholesale and consumer (excluding credit card) lending-related commitments using a methodology similar to that used for the wholesale loans.
For a further discussion of the components of the allowance for credit losses, see Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 92–95 and Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the Chief Risk Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and the Controller of the Firm and discussed with the Risk Policy and Audit Committees of the Board of Directors of the Firm. As of June 30, 2011, JPMorgan Chase deemed the allowance for credit losses to be appropriate (i.e., sufficient to absorb losses inherent in the portfolio).
The allowance for credit losses was $29.1 billion at June 30, 2011, a decrease of $3.8 billion from $33.0 billion at December 31, 2010. The credit card allowance for loan losses decreased by $3.0 billion from December 31, 2010, primarily as a result of lower estimated losses. The wholesale allowance for loan losses decreased by $670 million from December 31, 2010, primarily related to the impact of loan sales and net repayments.
The allowance for lending-related commitments for both the wholesale and consumer excluding, credit card, portfolios which is reported in other liabilities, totaled $626 million and $717 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

86





The credit ratios in the table below are based on retained loan balances, which exclude loans held-for-sale and loans accounted for at fair value.
Summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses
 
2011
 
2010
Six months ended June 30,
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Total
 
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
  Total
(in millions, except ratios)
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
4,761

$
16,471

$
11,034

$
32,266

 
$
7,145

$
14,785

$
9,672

$
31,602

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(a)




 
14

127

7,353

7,494

Gross charge-offs
387

2,817

4,762

7,966

 
1,278

4,429

8,945

14,652

Gross recoveries
(142
)
(275
)
(726
)
(1,143
)
 
(88
)
(228
)
(712
)
(1,028
)
Net charge-offs
245

2,542

4,036

6,823

 
1,190

4,201

8,233

13,624

Provision for loan losses
(414
)
2,446

1,036

3,068

 
(812
)
5,450

5,733

10,371

Other
(11
)
12

8

9

 
(9
)
3

(1
)
(7
)
Ending balance
$
4,091

$
16,387

$
8,042

$
28,520

 
$
5,148

$
16,164

$
14,524

$
35,836

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(b)(c)(d)
$
749

$
1,049

$
3,451

$
5,249

 
$
1,324

$
1,091

$
4,846

$
7,261

Formula-based(c)
3,342

10,397

4,591

18,330

 
3,824

12,262

9,678

25,764

PCI

4,941


4,941

 

2,811


2,811

Total allowance for loan losses
$
4,091

$
16,387

$
8,042

$
28,520

 
$
5,148

$
16,164

$
14,524

$
35,836

Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
711

$
6

$

$
717

 
$
927

$
12

$

$
939

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(a)




 
(18
)


(18
)
Provision for lending-related commitments
(89
)


(89
)
 
4

(2
)

2

Other
(2
)


(2
)
 
(11
)


(11
)
Ending balance
$
620

$
6

$

$
626

 
$
902

$
10

$

$
912

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
144

$

$

$
144

 
$
248

$

$

$
248

Formula-based
476

6


482

 
654

10


664

Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
620

$
6

$

$
626

 
$
902

$
10

$

$
912

Total allowance for credit losses
$
4,711

$
16,393

$
8,042

$
29,146

 
$
6,050

$
16,174

$
14,524

$
36,748

Memo:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained loans, end of period
$
244,224

$
315,169

$
125,523

$
684,916

 
$
212,987

$
339,229

$
142,994

$
695,210

Retained loans, average
232,058

320,894

127,136

680,088

 
210,300

347,483

151,020

708,803

PCI loans, end of period
54

68,994


69,048

 
94

76,901


76,995

Credit ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
1.68
%
5.20
%
6.41
%
4.16
%
 
2.42
%
4.76
%
10.16
%
5.15
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(d)
122

196

NM

243

 
97

154

NM

227

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
122

196

NM

175

 
97

154

NM

135

Net charge-off rates(e)
0.21

1.60

6.40

2.02

 
1.14

2.44

10.99

3.88

Credit ratios excluding home lending PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans(f)
1.68

4.65

6.41

3.83

 
2.42

5.09

10.16

5.34

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(d)(f)
122

137

NM

201

 
97

127

NM

209

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card(d)(f)
122

137

NM

133

 
97

127

NM

117

(a)
Effective January 1, 2010, the Firm adopted accounting guidance related to VIEs. Upon adoption of the guidance, the Firm consolidated its sponsored credit card securitization trusts, its administered multi-seller conduits and certain other consumer loan securitization entities, primarily mortgage-related. As a result, $7.4 billion, $14 million and $127 million, respectively, of allowance for loan losses were recorded on–balance sheet with the consolidation of these entities. For further discussion, see Note 16 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
(b)
Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR.
(c)
The asset-specific consumer, excluding credit card allowance for loan losses included TDR reserves of $962 million and $946 million at June 30, 2011, and 2010, respectively.
(d)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance. Under the guidance issued by the FFIEC, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.

87





(e)
Charge-offs are not recorded on PCI loans until actual losses exceed estimated losses recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition.
(f)
Excludes the impact of PCI loans acquired as part of the Washington Mutual transaction.

Provision for credit losses
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the provision for credit losses was $1.8 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, down 46% and 71%, respectively from the prior year periods. The consumer, excluding credit card, provision for credit losses was $1.1 billion and $2.4 billion, down 35% and 55%, respectively, from the prior year periods, reflecting improving delinquency and charge-off trends in 2011 across most portfolios. The credit card provision for credit losses was $810 million and $1.0 billion, down 64% and 82%, respectively, from the prior year periods, driven primarily by improved delinquency and net credit loss trends. The credit card three and six months provision also benefited from a reduction in the allowance for loan losses for both the prior and current year periods. The wholesale provision for credit losses had lower benefits of $117 million and $503 million, compared with benefits of $572 million and $808 million in the prior-year periods, primarily reflecting continued improvement in the credit environment from the year-ago period. The current-quarter benefit reflected a reduction in the allowance for loan losses, primarily due to net repayments.
Three months ended June 30,
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for credit losses
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Wholesale
$
(55
)
$
(555
)
 
$
(62
)
$
(17
)
 
$
(117
)
$
(572
)
Consumer, excluding credit card
1,117

1,714

 


 
1,117

1,714

Credit card
810

2,221

 


 
810

2,221

Total provision for credit losses
$
1,872

$
3,380

 
$
(62
)
$
(17
)
 
$
1,810

$
3,363


Six months ended June 30,
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for credit losses
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Wholesale
$
(414
)
$
(812
)
 
$
(89
)
$
4

 
$
(503
)
$
(808
)
Consumer, excluding credit card
2,446

5,450

 

(2
)
 
2,446

5,448

Credit card
1,036

5,733

 


 
1,036

5,733

Total provision for credit losses
$
3,068

$
10,371

 
$
(89
)
$
2

 
$
2,979

$
10,373


MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of the Firm’s market risk management organization, major market risk drivers and classification of risks, see pages 142–146 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes VaR, a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves. Each business day, as part of its risk management activities, the Firm undertakes a comprehensive VaR calculation that includes the majority of its material market risks. VaR provides a consistent cross-business measure of risk profiles and levels of diversification and is used for comparing risks across businesses and monitoring limits. These VaR results are reported to senior management and regulators, and they are utilized in regulatory capital calculations.
The Firm calculates VaR to estimate possible economic outcomes for its current positions using historical simulation, which measures risk across instruments and portfolios in a consistent, comparable way. The simulation is based on data for the previous 12 months. This approach assumes that historical changes in market values are representative of the distribution of potential outcomes in the immediate future. VaR is calculated using a one day time horizon and an expected tail-loss methodology, and approximates a 95% confidence level. This means the Firm would expect to incur losses greater than that predicted by VaR estimates five times in every 100 trading days, or about 12 to 13 times a year. The Firm’s VaR calculation is highly granular and incorporates numerous risk factors, which are selected based on the risk profile of each portfolio.



88





The table below shows the results of the Firm’s VaR measure using a 95% confidence level.
Total IB trading VaR by risk type, credit portfolio VaR and other VaR
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
2011
 
2010
 
At June 30,
 
Average
 
(in millions)
  Avg.
Min
Max
 
 Avg.
Min
Max
 
2011
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
IB VaR by risk type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
$
45

 
$
36

 
$
57

 
 
$
64

 
$
33

 
$
95

 
 
$
37

 
$
87

 
 
$
47

 
$
66

 
Foreign exchange
9

 
6

 
13

 
 
10

 
7

 
18

 
 
10

 
11

 
 
10

 
12

 
Equities
25

 
17

 
36

 
 
20

 
12

 
32

 
 
18

 
23

 
 
27

 
22

 
Commodities and other
16

 
11

 
24

 
 
20

 
12

 
32

 
 
13

 
12

 
 
15

 
18

 
Diversification benefit to IB trading VaR
(37
)
(a) 
  NM

(b) 
  NM

(b) 
 
(42
)
(a) 
   NM

(b) 
   NM

(b) 
 
(39
)
(a) 
(42
)
(a) 
 
(38
)
(a) 
(46
)
(a) 
IB trading VaR
$
58

 
$
38

 
$
75

 
 
$
72

 
$
40

 
$
107

 
 
$
39

 
$
91

 
 
$
61

 
$
72

 
Credit portfolio VaR
27

 
22

 
33

 
 
27

 
18

 
40

 
 
22

 
29

 
 
27

 
23

 
Diversification benefit to IB trading and credit portfolio VaR
(8
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(9
)
(a) 
  NM

(b) 
  NM

(b) 
 
(10
)
(a) 
(9
)
(a) 
 
(8
)
(a) 
(9
)
(a) 
Total IB trading and credit portfolio VaR
$
77

 
$
51

 
$
98

 
 
$
90

 
$
50

 
$
128

 
 
$
51

 
$
111

 
 
$
80

 
$
86

 
Other VaR by risk type:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking VaR
20

 
6

 
30

 
 
24

 
12

 
42

 
 
19

 
19

 
 
18

 
25

 
Chief Investment Office (“CIO”) VaR
51

 
43

 
57

 
 
72

 
55

 
79

 
 
46

 
55

 
 
56

 
71

 
Diversification benefit to total other VaR
(10
)
(a) 
  NM

(b) 
  NM

(b) 
 
(14
)
(a) 
   NM

(b) 
   NM

(b) 
 
(5
)
(a) 
(12
)
(a) 
 
(12
)
(a) 
(14
)
(a) 
Total other VaR
$
61

 
$
55

 
$
68

 
 
$
82

 
$
55

 
$
97

 
 
$
60

 
$
62

 
 
$
62

 
$
82

 
Diversification benefit to total IB and other VaR
(44
)
(a) 
  NM

(b) 
  NM

(b) 
 
(79
)
(a) 
   NM

(b) 
   NM

(b) 
 
(29
)
(a) 
(59
)
(a) 
 
(51
)
(a) 
(73
)
(a) 
Total IB and other VaR
$
94

 
$
82

 
$
107

 
 
$
93

 
$
66

 
$
133

 
 
$
82

 
$
114

 
 
$
91

 
$
95

 
(a)
Average VaR and period-end VaR were less than the sum of the VaR of the components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect reflects the fact that the risks were not perfectly correlated. The risk of a portfolio of positions is therefore usually less than the sum of the risks of the positions themselves.
(b)
Designated as not meaningful (“NM”), because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, and hence it is not meaningful to compute a portfolio-diversification effect.
VaR Measurement
IB trading VaR includes substantially all trading activities in IB, including the credit spread sensitivities of certain mortgage products and syndicated lending facilities that the Firm intends to distribute. The Firm uses proxies to estimate the VaR for these products since daily time series are largely not available. It is likely that using an actual price-based time series for these products, if available, would affect the VaR results presented. In addition, for certain products included in IB trading and credit portfolio VaR, particular risk parameters are not fully captured – for example, correlation risk.
Credit portfolio VaR includes the derivative CVA, hedges of the CVA and mark-to-market (“MTM”) hedges of the retained loan portfolio, which are reported in principal transactions revenue. However, Credit portfolio VaR does not include the retained portfolio, which is not MTM.
Other VaR includes certain positions employed as part of the Firm’s risk management function within the Chief Investment Office (“CIO”) and in the Mortgage Banking business. CIO VaR includes positions, primarily in debt securities and credit products, used to manage structural and other risks including interest rate, credit and mortgage risks arising from the Firm’s ongoing business activities. Mortgage Banking VaR includes the Firm’s mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans, MSRs and all related hedges.
As noted above, IB, Credit portfolio and other VaR does not include the retained credit portfolio, which is not marked to market; however, it does include hedges of those positions. It also does not include debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) taken on derivative and structured liabilities to reflect the credit quality of the Firm, principal investments (mezzanine financing, tax-oriented investments, etc.), and certain securities and investments held by the Corporate/Private Equity line of business, including private equity investments, capital management positions and longer-term investments managed by CIO. These longer-term positions are managed through the Firm’s earnings at risk and other cash flow monitoring processes, rather than by using a VaR measure. Principal investing activities and Private Equity positions are managed using stress and scenario analyses. See the DVA Sensitivity table on page 91 of this Form 10-Q for further details. For a discussion of Corporate/Private Equity, see pages 46–47 of this Form 10-Q.

89





Second-quarter and year-to-date 2011 VaR results
As presented in the table, average total IB and other VaR increased slightly for the three months ended June 30, 2011, when compared with the respective 2010 period. This increase was driven by a reduction in the Firm’s average IB and other VaR diversification benefit. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, average total IB and other VaR decreased for the comparable 2010 period. This decrease was driven by reduced market volatility as well as position changes.
Average total IB trading and credit portfolio VaR for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, decreased compared with the respective 2010 periods. These decreases were driven primarily by reduced market volatility as well as position changes.
CIO VaR and Mortgage Banking VaR for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011, decreased for the comparable 2010 periods. The decreases in CIO and Mortgage Banking VaR also were driven by reduced market volatility as well as position changes.
The Firm’s average IB and other VaR diversification benefit was $44 million or 32% of the sum for the three months ended June 30, 2011, compared with $79 million or 46% of the sum for the three months ended June 30, 2010. The Firm’s average IB and other VaR diversification benefit was $51 million or 36% of the sum for the six months ended June 30, 2011, compared with $73 million or 43% of the sum for the six months ended June 30, 2010. In general, over the course of the year, VaR exposure can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates and diversification benefits change.
VaR back-testing
The Firm conducts daily back-testing of VaR against its market risk-related revenue, which is defined as the change in value of: principal transactions revenue for IB and CIO (less Private Equity gains/losses and revenue from longer-term CIO investments); trading-related net interest income for IB, CIO and Mortgage Banking; IB brokerage commissions, underwriting fees or other revenue; revenue from syndicated lending facilities that the Firm intends to distribute; and mortgage fees and related income for the Firm’s mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans, MSRs, and all related hedges. Daily firmwide market risk-related revenue excludes gains and losses from DVA.
The following histogram illustrates the daily market risk-related gains and losses for IB, CIO and Mortgage Banking positions for the first six months of 2011. The chart shows that the Firm posted market risk-related gains on 127 of the 129 days in this period, with four days exceeding $200 million. The inset graph looks at those days on which the Firm experienced losses and depicts the amount by which the VaR exceeded the actual loss on each of those days. Losses were sustained on two days during the six months ended June 30, 2011, none of which exceeded the VaR measure.


90





The following table provides information about the gross sensitivity of DVA to a one-basis-point increase in JPMorgan Chase’s credit spreads. This sensitivity represents the impact from a one-basis-point parallel shift in JPMorgan Chase’s entire credit curve. As credit curves do not typically move in a parallel fashion, the sensitivity multiplied by the change in spreads at a single maturity point may not be representative of the actual revenue recognized.
Debit valuation adjustment sensitivity
(in millions)
One basis-point increase
in JPMorgan Chase’s credit spread
June 30, 2011
 
 
 
$
36

 
 
 
December 31, 2010
 
 
 
35

 
 
 

Economic-value stress testing
While VaR reflects the risk of loss due to adverse changes in markets using recent historical market behavior as an indicator of losses, stress testing captures the Firm’s exposure to unlikely but plausible events in abnormal markets using multiple scenarios that assume significant changes in credit spreads, equity prices, interest rates, currency rates or commodity prices. Scenarios are updated dynamically and may be redefined on an ongoing basis to reflect current market conditions. Along with VaR, stress testing is important in measuring and controlling risk; it enhances understanding of the Firm’s risk profile and loss potential, as stress losses are monitored against limits. Stress testing is also employed in cross-business risk management. Stress-test results, trends and explanations based on current market risk positions are reported to the Firm’s senior management and to the lines of business to allow them to better understand event risk-sensitive positions and manage risks with more transparency.
Nontrading interest rate-sensitive revenue-at-risk (i.e., “earnings-at-risk”)
Interest rate risk represents one of the Firm's significant market risk exposures. This risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm's traditional banking activities which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits and issuing debt. The Firm manages this interest rate risk generally through its investment securities portfolio and related derivatives. The Firm evaluates its nontrading interest rate risk exposure through the stress testing of earnings-at-risk, which measures the extent to which changes in interest rates will affect the Firm's net interest income and interest rate-sensitive fees (“nontrading interest rate-sensitive revenue”). Earnings-at-risk excludes the impact of trading activities and MSRs as these sensitivities are captured under VaR. For further discussion on interest rate exposure, see Earnings-at-risk stress testing on pages 145–146 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm conducts simulations of changes in nontrading interest rate-sensitive revenue under a variety of interest rate scenarios. Earnings-at-risk tests measure the potential change in this revenue, and the corresponding impact to the Firm's pretax earnings, over the following 12 months. These tests highlight exposures to various interest rate-sensitive factors, such as the rates themselves (e.g., the prime lending rate), pricing strategies on deposits, optionality and changes in product mix. The tests include forecasted balance sheet changes, such as asset sales and securitizations, as well as prepayment and reinvestment behavior. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on current interest rates compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience and forward market expectations. The balance and pricing assumptions of deposits that have no stated maturity are based on historical performance, the competitive environment, customer behavior, and product mix.
Immediate changes in interest rates present a limited view of risk, and so a number of alternative scenarios are also reviewed. These scenarios include the implied forward curve, nonparallel rate shifts and severe interest rate shocks on selected key rates. These scenarios are intended to provide a comprehensive view of JPMorgan Chase's earnings at risk over a wide range of outcomes.
JPMorgan Chase’s 12-month pretax earnings sensitivity profiles.
(Excludes the impact of trading activities and MSRs)
 
Immediate change in rates
 
(in millions)
+200bp
+100bp
-100bp
-200bp
June 30, 2011
$
3,595

 
$
2,062

 
NM
(a) 
NM
(a) 
December 31, 2010
2,465

 
1,483

 
NM
(a) 
NM
(a) 
(a)
Downward 100- and 200-basis-point parallel shocks result in a Fed Funds target rate of zero and negative three- and six-month treasury rates. The earnings-at-risk results of such a low-probability scenario are not meaningful.

91





The change in earnings at risk from December 31, 2010, resulted from investment portfolio repositioning and an assumed higher level of deposit balances. The Firm’s risk to rising rates was largely the result of widening deposit margins, which are currently compressed due to very low short-term interest rates.
Additionally, under another interest rate scenario used by the Firm – involving a steeper yield curve with long-term rates rising by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels – results in a 12-month pretax earnings benefit of $980 million. The increase in earnings under this scenario is due to reinvestment of maturing assets at the higher long-term rates, with funding costs remaining unchanged.
PRIVATE EQUITY RISK MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of Private Equity Risk Management, see page 147 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the carrying value of the Private Equity portfolio was $8.8 billion and $8.7 billion, respectively, of which $670 million and $875 million, respectively, represented securities with publicly available market quotations.
OPERATIONAL RISK MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Operational Risk Management, see pages 147–148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
REPUTATION AND FIDUCIARY RISK MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of the Firm’s Reputation and Fiduciary Risk Management, see page 148 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
SUPERVISION AND REGULATION
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with Regulatory developments on pages 9–10 of this Form 10-Q, and Supervision and Regulation section on pages 1–5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Form 10-K.
Dividends
At June 30, 2011, JPMorgan Chase’s banking subsidiaries could pay, in the aggregate, $4.1 billion in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established detailed policies and control procedures intended to ensure that valuation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant valuation judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for credit losses covers the retained wholesale and consumer loan portfolios, as well as the Firm’s wholesale and consumer lending-related commitments. The allowance for loan losses is intended to adjust the value of the Firm’s loan assets to reflect probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio as of the balance sheet date. The allowance for lending-related commitments is established to cover probable losses in the lending-related commitments portfolio. For a further discussion of the methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, see Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 149–150 and Note 15 on pages 239–243 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report; for amounts recorded as of June 30, 2011 and 2010, see Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 86–88 and Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
As noted in the discussion on page 149 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report, the Firm’s allowance for credit losses is sensitive to several factors, depending on the portfolio. The Firm’s consumer loan portfolio is sensitive to changes in the economic environment, delinquency status, the realizable value of collateral, FICO scores, borrower behavior and other risk factors, while the Firm’s wholesale loan portfolio is sensitive to the estimated credit quality of individual loans, as expressed in the assigned risk ratings. Significant judgment is required to estimate the allowance for credit losses for each portfolio segment, considering all relevant factors. For example, the credit performance of the consumer portfolio across the entire consumer credit product spectrum has improved, particularly in credit card, but high unemployment and weak overall economic conditions continued to result in an elevated number of residential real estate loans that charge-off, and weak housing prices continued to negatively affect the severity of losses recognized on residential real estate loans that default. Significant judgment is required to estimate the duration and

92





severity of the recent economic downturn, as well as its potential impact on housing prices and the labor market. Ongoing weak economic conditions, combined with elevated delinquencies and ongoing discussions regarding mortgage foreclosure-related matters with federal and state officials, continue to result in a high level of uncertainty in the residential real estate portfolio.
Changes in economic conditions or in the Firm’s assumptions could affect the Firm’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. For example, deterioration in the following inputs would have the following effects on the Firm’s loss estimates as of June 30, 2011, without consideration of any offsetting or correlated effects of other inputs in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses:
A one-notch downgrade in the Firm’s internal risk ratings for its entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in loss estimates of approximately $1.9 billion.
A further 5% decline in home prices, beyond current assumptions, derived from a nationally recognized home price index could imply an increase to modeled annual loss estimates for the residential real estate portfolio, excluding PCI loans, of approximately $0.5 billion.
A 50 basis point deterioration in forecasted credit card loss rates could imply an increase to modeled annualized credit card loan loss estimates of approximately $0.6 billion.
The purpose of these sensitivity analyses is to provide an indication of the isolated impacts of hypothetical alternative assumptions on credit loss estimates. The changes in the inputs presented above are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future deterioration of those risk factors.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in specific factors might affect the allowance for credit losses because management considers a variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in these factors and inputs may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in other factors. In addition, it is difficult to predict how changes in specific economic conditions or assumptions could affect borrower behavior or other factors considered by management in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Given the process the Firm follows in evaluating the risk factors related to its loans, including risk ratings, home price assumptions, and credit card loss estimates, management believes that its current estimate of the allowance for credit loss is appropriate.
Fair value of financial instruments, MSRs and commodities inventory
JPMorgan Chase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. The majority of such assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, including loans accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value that are only subject to fair value adjustments under certain circumstances.
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in billions)
Total assets at fair value
Total level 3 assets
 
Total assets at fair value
Total level 3 assets
Trading debt and equity instruments(a)
$
381.3

 
$
32.8

 
 
$
409.4

 
$
34.6

 
Derivative receivables – gross
1,392.4

 
34.2

 
 
1,529.4

 
34.6

 
Netting adjustment
(1,315.0
)
 

 
 
(1,448.9
)
 

 
Derivative receivables – net
77.4

 
34.2

(d) 
 
80.5

 
34.6

(d) 
AFS securities
324.7

 
15.9

 
 
316.3

 
14.3

 
Loans
2.0

 
1.5

 
 
2.0

 
1.5

 
MSRs
12.2

 
12.2

 
 
13.6

 
13.6

 
Private equity investments
8.7

 
8.0

 
 
8.7

 
7.9

 
Other(b)
46.0

 
4.5

 
 
43.8

 
4.1

 
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
852.3

 
109.1

 
 
874.3

 
110.6

 
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis(c)
3.9

 
0.7

 
 
9.9

 
4.0

 
Total assets measured at fair value
$
856.2

 
$
109.8

(e) 
 
$
884.2

 
$
114.6

(e) 
Total Firm assets
$
2,246.8

 
 
 
 
$
2,117.6

 
 
 
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets
 
 
5
%
 
 
 
 
5
%
 
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value
 
 
13
%
 
 
 
 
13
%
 
(a)
Includes physical commodities generally carried at the lower of cost or fair value.
(b)
Includes certain securities purchased under resale agreements, securities borrowed, accrued interest receivable and other investments.
(c)
Predominantly includes mortgage, home equity and other loans, where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of cost or fair value at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010; and includes credit card loans carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at the lower of cost or fair value at December 31, 2010.

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(d)
Derivative receivable and derivative payable balances, and the related cash collateral received and paid, are presented net on the Consolidated Balance Sheets where there is a legally enforceable master netting agreement in place with counterparties. For purposes of the table above, the Firm does not reduce level 3 derivative receivable balances for netting adjustments, as such an adjustment is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation. Therefore, the derivative balances reported in the fair value hierarchy levels are gross of any counterparty netting adjustments. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivable and payable balances would be $13.5 billion and $12.7 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.
(e)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included $63.1 billion and $66.0 billion, respectively, of level 3 assets, consisting of recurring and nonrecurring assets carried by IB.
Valuation
For instruments classified within level 3 of the hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value may be significant. In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate model to use. Second, due to the lack of observability of significant inputs, management must assess all relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs – including, but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, equity or debt prices, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. In addition to market information, models also incorporate transaction details, such as maturity. Finally, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Firm’s creditworthiness, constraints on liquidity and unobservable parameters, where relevant. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. For further discussion of changes in level 3 assets, see Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs can affect the amount of revenue or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3 on pages 170–187 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Purchased credit-impaired loans
In connection with the Washington Mutual transaction, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain loans with evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and for which it was probable, at acquisition, that the Firm would be unable to collect all contractually required payments receivable. These loans are considered to be PCI loans and are accounted for as described in Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The application of the accounting guidance for PCI loans requires a number of significant estimates and judgments, such as determining: (i) which loans are within the scope of PCI accounting guidance, (ii) the fair value of the PCI loans at acquisition, (iii) how loans are aggregated to apply the guidance on accounting for pools of loans, and (iv) estimates of cash flows to be collected over the term of the loans. For additional information on PCI loans, including the significant assumptions, estimates and judgment involved, see PCI loans on pages 152–153 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
As of June 30, 2011, the carrying value of the aggregate portfolio of PCI loans incorporates assumptions about home prices derived from a nationally recognized home price index; this index reflects a further 5% decline in housing prices based on the geographic distribution of the PCI portfolio. An adverse home price scenario (reflecting an additional 5% decline in housing prices beyond that already assumed) could imply an increase in credit loss estimates for these loans of approximately $1.5 billion.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. For a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment, see Goodwill impairment on page 153 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm updated the discounted cash flow valuations of certain consumer lending businesses in RFS and CS, which continue to have elevated risk for goodwill impairment due to their exposure to U.S. consumer credit risk and the effects of regulatory and legislative changes. The assumptions used in the valuation of these businesses include (a) estimates of future cash flows for the business (which are dependent on portfolio outstanding balances, net interest margin, operating expense, credit losses and the amount of capital necessary given the risk of business activities to meet regulatory capital requirements), and (b) the cost of equity used to discount those cash flows to a present value. Each of these factors requires significant judgment and the assumptions used are based on management's best estimate and most current projections, including the anticipated effects of regulatory and legislative changes, derived from the Firm's business forecasting process reviewed with senior management. These projections are consistent with the short-term assumptions discussed in the Business Outlook on pages 8–9 of this Form 10-Q, and, in the longer term, incorporate a set of macroeconomic assumptions and the Firm's best estimates of long-term growth and returns of its businesses. Where possible, the Firm uses third-party and peer data to benchmark its assumptions and estimates.

94





In addition, for its other businesses, the Firm reviewed current conditions (including the estimated effects of regulatory and legislative changes) and prior projections of business performance. Based upon the updated valuations for its consumer lending businesses and reviews of its other businesses, the Firm concluded that goodwill allocated to all of its reporting units was not impaired at June 30, 2011. However, the fair value of the Firm's consumer lending businesses in RFS and CS each exceeded their carrying values by less than 15% and the associated goodwill of such lines of business remains at an elevated risk of impairment due to each businesses' exposure to U.S. consumer credit risk and the effects of economic, regulatory and legislative changes.
Deterioration in economic market conditions, increased estimates of the effects of recent regulatory or legislative changes, or additional regulatory or legislative changes may result in declines in projected business performance beyond management’s current expectations. For example, in RFS, such declines could result from increases in costs to resolve foreclosure-related matters or from deterioration in economic conditions that result in increased credit losses, including decreases in home prices beyond management's current expectations. In CS, declines in business performance could result from deterioration in economic conditions such as increased unemployment claims or bankruptcy filings that result in increased credit losses or changes in customer behavior that cause decreased account activity or receivable balances. Such declines in business performance, increases in equity capital requirements, or increases in the estimated cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm's reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
For additional information on goodwill, see Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
Income taxes
For a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes, see Income taxes on page 154 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Litigation reserves
For a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves, see Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 32 on pages 282–289 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

95





ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Fair value measurements and disclosures
In January 2010, the FASB issued guidance that requires new disclosures, and clarifies existing disclosure requirements, about fair value measurements. The clarifications and the requirement to separately disclose transfers of instruments between level 1 and level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are effective for interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009; the Firm adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2010. For additional information about the impact of the adoption of the new fair value measurements guidance, see Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q. In addition, a new requirement to provide purchases, sales, issuances and settlements in the level 3 rollforward on a gross basis is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010. The Firm adopted the new guidance, effective January 1, 2011.
In May 2011, the FASB issued guidance that amends the requirements for fair value measurement and disclosure. The guidance changes and clarifies certain existing requirements related to portfolios of financial instruments and valuation adjustments and requires additional disclosures for fair value measurements categorized in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy (including disclosure of the range of inputs used in certain valuations) and for financial instruments that are not carried at fair value but for which fair value is required to be disclosed. The guidance is effective in the first quarter of 2012. The Firm is currently assessing the impact of this guidance.
Disclosures about the credit quality of financing receivables and the allowance for credit losses
In July 2010, the FASB issued guidance that requires enhanced disclosures surrounding the credit characteristics of the Firm’s loan portfolio. Under the new guidance, the Firm is required to disclose its accounting policies; the methods it uses to determine the components of the allowance for credit losses; and qualitative and quantitative information about the credit risk inherent in the loan portfolio, including additional information on certain types of loan modifications. For the Firm, the new disclosures, other than those related to loan modifications, became effective for the 2010 Annual Report. For additional information, see Notes 13 and 14 on pages 134–148 and 149–150 of this Form 10-Q. The adoption of this guidance only affected JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures of financing receivables and not its Consolidated Balance Sheets or results of operations. New disclosures regarding TDRs will become effective for the 2011 third quarter.
Determining whether a restructuring is a troubled debt restructuring
In April 2011, the FASB issued guidance to clarify existing standards for determining whether a restructuring represents a TDR from the perspective of the creditor. The guidance is effective in the third quarter of 2011 and must be applied retrospectively to January 1, 2011. The Firm does not expect that the implementation of this new guidance will have a significant impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets or results of operations.
Accounting for repurchase and similar agreements
In April 2011, the FASB issued guidance that amends the criteria used to assess whether repurchase and similar agreements should be accounted for as financings or sales (purchases) with forward agreements to repurchase (resell). Specifically, the guidance eliminates circumstances in which the lack of adequate collateral maintenance requirements could result in a repurchase agreement being accounted for as a sale. The guidance is effective for new transactions or existing transactions that are modified beginning January 1, 2012. The Firm has accounted for its repurchase and similar agreements as secured financings, and therefore, the Firm does not expect the application of this guidance will have an impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets or results of operations.
Presentation of other comprehensive income
In June 2011, the FASB issued guidance that modifies the presentation of other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Financial Statements. The guidance requires that items of net income, items of other comprehensive income, and total comprehensive income be presented in one continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. For public companies the guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2011. The application of this guidance will only affect the presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements and will have no impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets or results of operations.

96





FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
Local, regional and international business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events;
Changes in laws and regulatory requirements, including as a result of the newly-enacted financial services legislation;
Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its liquidity;
Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption;
Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
Mergers and acquisitions, including the Firm’s ability to integrate acquisitions;
Ability of the Firm to develop new products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm (including but not limited to mortgages and asset-backed securities) require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
Ability of the Firm to address enhanced regulatory requirements affecting its mortgage business;
Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to increase market share;
Ability of the Firm to attract and retain employees;
Ability of the Firm to control expense;
Competitive pressures;
Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s customers and counterparties;
Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework;
Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
Changes in applicable accounting policies;
Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities or conflicts, including any effect of any such disasters, calamities or conflicts on the Firm’s power generation facilities and the Firm’s other commodity-related activities;
The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part II, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 192–193 of this Form 10-Q, and in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 5–12 of the 2010 Form 10-K.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, or Current Reports on Form 8-K.


97






JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,933

 
$
1,421

 
$
3,726

 
$
2,882

Principal transactions
3,140

 
2,090

 
7,885

 
6,638

Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,649

 
1,586

 
3,195

 
3,232

Asset management, administration and commissions
3,703

 
3,349

 
7,309

 
6,614

Securities gains(a)
837

 
1,000

 
939

 
1,610

Mortgage fees and related income
1,103

 
888

 
616

 
1,546

Credit card income
1,696

 
1,495

 
3,133

 
2,856

Other income
882

 
585

 
1,456

 
997

Noninterest revenue
14,943

 
12,414

 
28,259

 
26,375

Interest income
15,632

 
15,719

 
31,079

 
32,564

Interest expense
3,796

 
3,032

 
7,338

 
6,167

Net interest income
11,836

 
12,687

 
23,741

 
26,397

Total net revenue
26,779

 
25,101

 
52,000

 
52,772

Provision for credit losses
1,810

 
3,363

 
2,979

 
10,373

Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
7,569

 
7,616

 
15,832

 
14,892

Occupancy expense
935

 
883

 
1,913

 
1,752

Technology, communications and equipment expense
1,217

 
1,165

 
2,417

 
2,302

Professional and outside services
1,866

 
1,685

 
3,601

 
3,260

Marketing
744

 
628

 
1,403

 
1,211

Other expense
4,299

 
2,419

 
7,242

 
6,860

Amortization of intangibles
212

 
235

 
429

 
478

Total noninterest expense
16,842

 
14,631

 
32,837

 
30,755

Income before income tax expense
8,127

 
7,107

 
16,184

 
11,644

Income tax expense
2,696

 
2,312

 
5,198

 
3,523

Net income
$
5,431

 
$
4,795

 
$
10,986

 
$
8,121

Net income applicable to common stockholders
$
5,067

 
$
4,363

 
$
10,203

 
$
7,335

Net income per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
$
1.28

 
$
1.10

 
$
2.57

 
$
1.84

Diluted earnings per share
1.27

 
1.09

 
2.55

 
1.83

Weighted-average basic shares
3,958.4

 
3,983.5

 
3,970.0

 
3,977.0

Weighted-average diluted shares
3,983.2

 
4,005.6

 
3,998.6

 
4,000.2

Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.25

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.50

 
$
0.10

(a)
The following other-than-temporary impairment losses are included in securities gains for the periods presented.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Total other-than-temporary impairment losses
$

 
$

 
$
(27
)
 
$
(94
)
Losses recorded in/(reclassified from) other comprehensive income
(13
)
 

 
(16
)
 
(6
)
Total credit losses recognized in income
$
(13
)
 
$

 
$
(43
)
 
$
(100
)
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

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JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in millions, except share data)
June 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
30,466

 
$
27,567

Deposits with banks
169,880

 
21,673

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $21,297 and $20,299 at fair value)
213,362

 
222,554

Securities borrowed (included $14,833 and $13,961 at fair value)
121,493

 
123,587

Trading assets (included assets pledged of $99,140 and $73,056)
458,722

 
489,892

Securities (included $324,726 and $316,318 at fair value and assets pledged of $96,167 and $86,891)
324,741

 
316,336

Loans (included $2,007 and $1,976 at fair value)
689,736

 
692,927

Allowance for loan losses
(28,520
)
 
(32,266
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
661,216

 
660,661

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
80,292

 
70,147

Premises and equipment
13,679

 
13,355

Goodwill
48,882

 
48,854

Mortgage servicing rights
12,243

 
13,649

Other intangible assets
3,679

 
4,039

Other assets (included $18,423 and $18,201 at fair value and assets pledged of $1,597 and $1,485)
108,109

 
105,291

Total assets(a)
$
2,246,764

 
$
2,117,605

Liabilities
 
 
 
Deposits (included $4,788 and $4,369 at fair value)
$
1,048,685

 
$
930,369

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $6,588 and $4,060 at fair value)
254,124

 
276,644

Commercial paper
51,160

 
35,363

Other borrowed funds (included $11,701 and $9,931 at fair value)
30,208

 
34,325

Trading liabilities
148,533

 
146,166

Accounts payable and other liabilities (included the allowance for lending-related commitments of $626 and $717; and $73 and $236 at fair value)
184,490

 
170,330

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (included $911 and $1,495 at fair value)
67,457

 
77,649

Long-term debt (included $38,516 and $38,839 at fair value)
279,228

 
270,653

Total liabilities(a)
2,063,885

 
1,941,499

Commitments and contingencies (see Note 21 and 23 of this Form 10-Q)


 


Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares: issued 780,000 shares)
7,800

 
7,800

Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)
4,105

 
4,105

Capital surplus
95,061

 
97,415

Retained earnings
82,612

 
73,998

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
1,638

 
1,001

Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost (1,191,384 and 1,192,712 shares)
(53
)
 
(53
)
Treasury stock, at cost (194,737,517 and 194,639,785 shares)
(8,284
)
 
(8,160
)
Total stockholders’ equity
182,879

 
176,106

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,246,764

 
$
2,117,605

(a)
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The difference between total VIE assets and liabilities represents the Firm’s interests in those entities, which were eliminated in consolidation.
 
June 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
Assets
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
7,124

 
$
9,837

Loans
80,387

 
95,587

All other assets
2,675

 
3,494

Total assets
$
90,186

 
$
108,918

Liabilities
 
 
 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities
$
67,457

 
$
77,649

All other liabilities
1,587

 
1,922

Total liabilities
$
69,044

 
$
79,571

The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. At both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm provided limited program-wide credit enhancement of $2.0 billion related to its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. For further discussion, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

99





JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2011
 
2010
Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
$
7,800

 
$
8,152

Common stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
4,105

 
4,105

Capital surplus
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
97,415

 
97,982

Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee stock-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
 
(2,351
)
 
36

Other
 
(3
)
 
(1,273
)
Balance at June 30
 
95,061

 
96,745

Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
73,998

 
62,481

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
(4,391
)
Net income
 
10,986

 
8,121

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
 
(315
)
 
(325
)
Common stock ($0.50 and $0.10 per share)
 
(2,057
)
 
(421
)
Balance at June 30
 
82,612

 
65,465

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
1,001

 
(91
)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
(129
)
Other comprehensive income
 
637

 
2,624

Balance at June 30
 
1,638

 
2,404

Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
(53
)
 
(68
)
Treasury stock, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
(8,160
)
 
(7,196
)
Purchase of treasury stock
 
(3,575
)
 
(135
)
Reissuance from treasury stock
 
3,451

 
1,648

Balance at June 30
 
(8,284
)
 
(5,683
)
Total stockholders equity
 
$
182,879

 
$
171,120

Comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
10,986

 
$
8,121

Other comprehensive income
 
637

 
2,624

Comprehensive income
 
$
11,623

 
$
10,745

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.


100





JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
Operating activities
 
 
 
Net income
$
10,986

 
$
8,121

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
2,979

 
10,373

Depreciation and amortization
2,123

 
1,934

Amortization of intangibles
429

 
478

Deferred tax expense/(benefit)
679

 
(567
)
Investment securities gains
(939
)
 
(1,610
)
Stock-based compensation
1,557

 
1,774

Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(41,637
)
 
(14,259
)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
42,444

 
18,374

Net change in:
 
 
 
Trading assets
34,934

 
17,953

Securities borrowed
2,095

 
(2,620
)
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
(10,151
)
 
9,270

Other assets
1,172

 
(18,675
)
Trading liabilities
(7,627
)
 
19,396

Accounts payable and other liabilities
12,993

 
(1,066
)
Other operating adjustments
6,688

 
(3,149
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
58,725

 
45,727

Investing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
(148,193
)
 
23,866

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
9,195

 
(3,343
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds
3

 
4

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from maturities
39,902

 
57,012

Proceeds from sales
42,994

 
77,754

Purchases
(83,322
)
 
(102,291
)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
7,755

 
5,850

Other changes in loans, net
(14,133
)
 
13,138

Net cash used in business acquisitions or dispositions
(14
)
 
(6
)
All other investing activities, net
6

 
1,690

Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities
(145,807
)
 
73,674

Financing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits
110,896

 
(46,179
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(22,499
)
 
(24,023
)
Commercial paper and other borrowed funds
12,669

 
(963
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities
(566
)
 
(2,273
)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings and trust preferred capital debt securities
36,855

 
20,894

Payments of long-term borrowings and trust preferred capital debt securities
(42,132
)
 
(58,424
)
Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation
776

 
21

Treasury stock purchased
(3,575
)
 
(135
)
Dividends paid
(1,565
)
 
(745
)
All other financing activities, net
(1,534
)
 
(497
)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
89,325

 
(112,324
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks
656

 
(477
)
Net increase in cash and due from banks
2,899

 
6,600

Cash and due from banks at the beginning of the period
27,567

 
26,206

Cash and due from banks at the end of the period
$
30,466

 
$
32,806

Cash interest paid
$
7,544

 
$
6,363

Cash income taxes paid, net
4,753

 
5,361

Note:    Effective January 1, 2010, the Firm adopted accounting guidance related to VIEs. Upon adoption of the guidance, the Firm consolidated noncash assets and liabilities of $87.7 billion and $92.2 billion, respectively.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

101





See Glossary of Terms on pages 186–189 of this Form 10-Q for definitions of terms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations in more than 60 countries. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small business, commercial banking, financial transaction processing, asset management and private equity. For a discussion of the Firm's business-segment information, see Note 24 on pages 180–182 of this Form 10-Q.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by bank regulatory authorities.
The unaudited consolidated financial statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included for a fair statement of this interim financial information.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “2010 Annual Report”).
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation.
NOTE 2 – BUSINESS CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS
Increase in common stock dividend
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors raised the Firm’s quarterly common stock dividend from $0.05 to $0.25 per share, effective with the dividend paid on April 30, 2011, to shareholders of record on April 6, 2011.
Stock repurchases
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a $15.0 billion common equity repurchase program, of which $8.0 billion is authorized for repurchase in 2011. The $15.0 billion repurchase program supersedes a $10.0 billion repurchase program approved in 2007. The $15.0 billion authorization includes shares to be repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s employee stock-based incentive plans.
The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at managements discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.
For additional information on repurchases see Item 2, Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds, on pages 193–194 of this Form 10-Q.
NOTE 3 – FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT
For a further discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 3 on pages 170–187 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
During the first six months of 2011, no changes were made to the Firm’s valuation models that had, or were expected to have, a material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets or results of operations.
The following table presents the assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.

102





Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
 
Fair value hierarchy
 
 
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Level 1(h)
Level 2(h)
  Level 3(h)
Netting
adjustments
Total
fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
21,297

$

$

$
21,297

Securities borrowed

14,833



14,833

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
22,990

7,747

165


30,902

Residential – nonagency

2,609

863


3,472

Commercial – nonagency

881

1,843


2,724

Total mortgage-backed securities
22,990

11,237

2,871


37,098

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
14,212

9,477



23,689

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1

6,764

1,855


8,620

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

2,983



2,983

Non-U.S. government debt securities
23,786

51,652

82


75,520

Corporate debt securities

41,405

5,606


47,011

Loans (b)

24,613

11,742


36,355

Asset-backed securities

3,547

8,319


11,866

Total debt instruments
60,989

151,678

30,475


243,142

Equity securities
109,389

3,124

1,408


113,921

Physical commodities(c)
18,559

2,496



21,055

Other

2,313

908


3,221

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
188,937

159,611

32,791


381,339

Derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
1,021

992,982

5,901

(966,993
)
32,911

Credit

113,891

15,131

(122,824
)
6,198

Foreign exchange
1,581

152,155

4,624

(138,462
)
19,898

Equity
45

41,858

5,151

(39,970
)
7,084

Commodity
2,403

52,260

3,369

(46,740
)
11,292

Total derivative receivables(e)
5,050

1,353,146

34,176

(1,314,989
)
77,383

Total trading assets
193,987

1,512,757

66,967

(1,314,989
)
458,722

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
101,787

17,114



118,901

Residential – nonagency
1

58,928

4


58,933

Commercial – nonagency

4,932

240


5,172

Total mortgage-backed securities
101,788

80,974

244


183,006

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
570

4,717



5,287

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
27

11,294

257


11,578

Certificates of deposit

4,861



4,861

Non-U.S. government debt securities
19,062

11,754



30,816

Corporate debt securities

55,806



55,806

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card receivables

5,401



5,401

Collateralized loan obligations

118

15,133


15,251

Other

9,216

269


9,485

Equity securities
3,197

38



3,235

Total available-for-sale securities
124,644

184,179

15,903


324,726

Loans

535

1,472


2,007

Mortgage servicing rights


12,243


12,243

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments(f)
81

589

8,022


8,692

All other
5,100

182

4,449


9,731

Total other assets
5,181

771

12,471


18,423

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis(g)
$
323,812

$
1,734,372

$
109,056

$
(1,314,989
)
$
852,251

Deposits
$

$
3,925

$
863

$

$
4,788

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

6,588



6,588

Other borrowed funds

9,623

2,078


11,701

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 


Debt and equity instruments(d)
66,374

18,294

197


84,865

Derivative payables:
 
 
 
 


Interest rate
983

959,804

2,784

(946,265
)
17,306

Credit

115,076

10,398

(120,596
)
4,878

Foreign exchange
1,537

146,578

5,160

(134,260
)
19,015

Equity
51

38,237

8,354

(35,212
)
11,430

Commodity
2,318

51,353

4,643

(47,275
)
11,039

Total derivative payables(e)
4,889

1,311,048

31,339

(1,283,608
)
63,668

Total trading liabilities
71,263

1,329,342

31,536

(1,283,608
)
148,533

Accounts payable and other liabilities


73


73

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

481

430


911

Long-term debt

24,982

13,534


38,516

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
71,263

$
1,374,941

$
48,514

$
(1,283,608
)
$
211,110


103





 
Fair value hierarchy
 
 
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
Level 1(h)
Level 2(h)
  Level 3(h)
Netting
adjustments
Total
fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
20,299

$

$

$
20,299

Securities borrowed

13,961



13,961

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
36,813

10,738

174


47,725

Residential – nonagency

2,807

687


3,494

Commercial – nonagency

1,093

2,069


3,162

Total mortgage-backed securities
36,813

14,638

2,930


54,381

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
12,863

9,026



21,889

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

11,715

2,257


13,972

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

3,248



3,248

Non-U.S. government debt securities
31,127

38,482

202


69,811

Corporate debt securities

42,280

4,946


47,226

Loans (b)

21,736

13,144


34,880

Asset-backed securities

2,743

8,460


11,203

Total debt instruments
80,803

143,868

31,939


256,610

Equity securities
124,400

3,153

1,685


129,238

Physical commodities(c)
18,327

2,708



21,035

Other

1,598

930


2,528

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
223,530

151,327

34,554


409,411

Derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,278

1,120,282

5,422

(1,095,427
)
32,555

Credit

111,827

17,902

(122,004
)
7,725

Foreign exchange
1,121

163,114

4,236

(142,613
)
25,858

Equity
30

38,718

4,885

(39,429
)
4,204

Commodity
1,324

56,076

2,197

(49,458
)
10,139

Total derivative receivables(e)
4,753

1,490,017

34,642

(1,448,931
)
80,481

Total trading assets
228,283

1,641,344

69,196

(1,448,931
)
489,892

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
104,736

15,490



120,226

Residential – nonagency
1

48,969

5


48,975

Commercial – nonagency

5,403

251


5,654

Total mortgage-backed securities
104,737

69,862

256


174,855

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
522

10,826



11,348

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
31

11,272

256


11,559

Certificates of deposit
6

3,641



3,647

Non-U.S. government debt securities
13,107

7,670



20,777

Corporate debt securities

61,793



61,793

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card receivables

7,608



7,608

Collateralized loan obligations

128

13,470


13,598

Other

8,777

305


9,082

Equity securities
1,998

53



2,051

Total available-for-sale securities
120,401

181,630

14,287


316,318

Loans

510

1,466


1,976

Mortgage servicing rights


13,649


13,649

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments(f)
49

826

7,862


8,737

All other
5,093

192

4,179


9,464

Total other assets
5,142

1,018

12,041


18,201

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis(g)
$
353,826

$
1,858,762

$
110,639

$
(1,448,931
)
$
874,296

Deposits
$

$
3,596

$
773

$

$
4,369

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

4,060



4,060

Other borrowed funds

8,547

1,384


9,931

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments(d)
58,468

18,425

54


76,947

Derivative payables:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,625

1,085,233

2,586

(1,070,057
)
20,387

Credit

112,545

12,516

(119,923
)
5,138

Foreign exchange
972

158,908

4,850

(139,715
)
25,015

Equity
22

39,046

7,331

(35,949
)
10,450

Commodity
862

54,611

3,002

(50,246
)
8,229

Total derivative payables(e)
4,481

1,450,343

30,285

(1,415,890
)
69,219

Total trading liabilities
62,949

1,468,768

30,339

(1,415,890
)
146,166

Accounts payable and other liabilities


236


236

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

622

873


1,495

Long-term debt

25,795

13,044


38,839

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
62,949

$
1,511,388

$
46,649

$
(1,415,890
)
$
205,096

(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations of $124.0 billion and $137.3 billion respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.

104





(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included within trading loans were $20.1 billion and $22.7 billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $2.4 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, of commercial first-lien mortgages. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. government agencies of $11.9 billion and $13.1 billion, respectively, and reverse mortgages of $3.9 billion and $4.0 billion, respectively.
(c)
Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value.
(d)
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions) when the long and short positions have identical Committee on Uniform Security Identification Procedures numbers (“CUSIPs”).
(e)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. For purposes of the tables above, the Firm does not reduce derivative receivables and derivative payables balances for this netting adjustment, either within or across the levels of the fair value hierarchy, as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. Therefore, the balances reported in the fair value hierarchy table are gross of any counterparty netting adjustments. However, if the Firm were to net such balances within level 3, the reduction in the level 3 derivative receivable and payable balances would be $13.5 billion and $12.7 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively; this is exclusive of the netting benefit associated with cash collateral, which would further reduce the level 3 balances.
(f)
Private equity instruments represent investments within the Corporate/Private Equity line of business. The cost basis of the private equity investment portfolio totaled $9.6 billion and $10.0 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(g)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, balances included investments valued at net asset values of $12.2 billion and $12.1 billion, respectively, of which $6.0 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, were classified in level 1, $1.7 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, in level 2, and $4.5 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively, in level 3.
(h)
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3, were not significant.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the balance sheet amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011and 2010. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.




















105





 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2011
Fair value at April 1, 2011
Total realized/unrealized
gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or
out of
level 3(g)
Fair value at
June 30, 2011
Change in unrealized
gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held
at June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Purchases(f)
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
191

$
12

 
$
7

$
(18
)
$

$
(27
)
$

$
165

$
(11
)
 
Residential – nonagency
782

56

 
246

(103
)

(57
)
(61
)
863

10

 
Commercial – nonagency
1,885

31

 
219

(262
)

(30
)

1,843

21

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
2,858

99

 
472

(383
)

(114
)
(61
)
2,871

20

 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,971

14

 
272

(414
)


12

1,855

18

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
113

1

 
113

(111
)

(34
)

82

1

 
Corporate debt securities
5,623

23

 
1,800

(1,820
)

(111
)
91

5,606

39

 
Loans
12,490

190

 
1,726

(1,753
)

(424
)
(487
)
11,742

145

 
Asset-backed securities
8,883

228

 
855

(1,404
)

(243
)

8,319

67

 
Total debt instruments
31,938

555

 
5,238

(5,885
)

(926
)
(445
)
30,475

290

 
Equity securities
1,367

170

 
61

(125
)

(46
)
(19
)
1,408

158

 
Other
943

(4
)
 
14

(11
)

(34
)

908

(5
)
 
Total debt and equity instruments
34,248

721

(b) 
5,313

(6,021
)

(1,006
)
(464
)
32,791

443

(b) 
Net derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,470

1,407

 
217

(36
)

(988
)
47

3,117

720

 
Credit
4,373

301

 
1

(3
)

65

(4
)
4,733

622

 
Foreign exchange
2

(543
)
 
91

(3
)

(20
)
(63
)
(536
)
(563
)
 
Equity
(2,843
)
(157
)
 
140

(242
)

(110
)
9

(3,203
)
(13
)
 
Commodity
(865
)
(306
)
 
49

(30
)

(117
)
(5
)
(1,274
)
(353
)
 
Total net derivative receivables
3,137

702

(b) 
498

(314
)

(1,170
)
(16
)
2,837

413

(b) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
15,016

103

 
851

(22
)

(546
)

15,402

103

 
Other
509

(8
)
 





501

2

 
Total available-for-sale securities
15,525

95

(c) 
851

(22
)

(546
)

15,903

105

(c) 
Loans
1,371

140

(b) 
41



(80
)

1,472

126

(b) 
Mortgage servicing rights
13,093

(960
)
(d) 
591



(481
)

12,243

(960
)
(d) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
8,853

777

(b) 
469

(1,906
)

(171
)

8,022

380

(b) 
All other
4,560

(29
)
(e) 
300



(352
)
(30
)
4,449

(29
)
(e) 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2011
Fair value at April 1, 2011
Total realized/unrealized
(gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or
out of
level 3(g)
Fair value at
June 30, 2011
Change in unrealized
(gains)/losses related to financial instruments held
at June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Purchases(f)
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
Liabilities (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
754

$
3

(b) 
$

$

$
157

$
(51
)
$

$
863

$
4

(b) 
Other borrowed funds
1,844

5

(b) 


326

(97
)

2,078

5

(b) 
Trading liabilities – Debt and equity instruments
173

(5
)
(b) 
(133
)
158



4

197

(1
)
(b) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
146

(26
)
(e) 



(47
)

73

1

(e) 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
588

31

(b) 


103

(292
)

430

6

(b) 
Long-term debt
13,027

395

(b) 


603

(491
)

13,534

332

(b) 



106





 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2010
Fair value at April 1, 2010
Total realized/ unrealized gains/(losses)
Purchases, issuances, settlements, net
Transfers
into and/or
out of
   level 3(g)
Fair value at June 30, 2010
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held June 30, 2010
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
215

$
19

 
$
(55
)
$
(3
)
$
176

$

 
Residential – nonagency
841

61

 
(36
)
(62
)
804

56

 
Commercial – nonagency
1,673

80

 
(11
)
(3
)
1,739

66

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
2,729

160

 
(102
)
(68
)
2,719

122

 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,975

15

 
18


2,008

1

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
118

(18
)
 
14


114

(18
)
 
Corporate debt securities
4,947

(53
)
 
(177
)
(166
)
4,551

(34
)
 
Loans
15,776

41

 
(943
)
15

14,889

49

 
Asset-backed securities
8,673

(210
)
 
234

(60
)
8,637

(202
)
 
Total debt instruments
34,218

(65
)
 
(956
)
(279
)
32,918

(82
)
 
Equity securities
1,716

101

 
1

4

1,822

154

 
Other
1,001

(30
)
 
(51
)

920

(20
)
 
Total debt and equity instruments
36,935

6

(b) 
(1,006
)
(275
)
35,660

52

(b) 
Net of derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,464

1,021

 
(534
)
96

3,047

911

 
Credit
9,186

2,003

 
(1,410
)
7

9,786

2,349

 
Foreign exchange
329

(513
)
 
236

(1
)
51

(452
)
 
Equity
(1,867
)
(284
)
 
64

(72
)
(2,159
)
(123
)
 
Commodity
(281
)
(241
)
 
70

35

(417
)
(288
)
 
Total net derivative receivables
9,831

1,986

(b) 
(1,574
)
65

10,308

2,397

(b) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
12,571

(39
)
 
(198
)

12,334

(51
)
 
Other
363

10

 
(67
)
104

410

(2
)
 
Total available-for-sale securities
12,934

(29
)
(c) 
(265
)
104

12,744

(53
)
(c) 
Loans
1,140

(12
)
(b) 
(79
)
16

1,065

(32
)
(b) 
Mortgage servicing rights
15,531

(3,584
)
(d) 
(94
)

11,853

(3,584
)
(d) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
6,385

(12
)
(b) 
992

(119
)
7,246

(19
)
(b) 
All other
4,352

(40
)
(e) 
80

(84
)
4,308

(20
)
(e) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2010
Fair value at April 1, 2010
Total realized/ unrealized (gains)/losses
Purchases, issuances, settlements, net
Transfers
into and/or
out of
   level 3(g)
Fair value at June 30, 2010
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held June 30, 2010
(in millions)
Liabilities (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
440

$
15

(b) 
$
95

$
334

$
884

$
10

(b) 
Other borrowed funds
452

(48
)
(b) 
(103
)
(10
)
291

(37
)
(b) 
Trading liabilities – Debt and equity instruments
32

2

(b) 
(30
)

4


(b) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
328

(17
)
(b) 
138


449

(5
)
(b) 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
1,817

(26
)
(b) 
(399
)

1,392

(68
)
(b) 
Long-term debt
17,518

(632
)
(b) 
(1,219
)
95

15,762

(365
)
(b) 




107





 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2011
Fair value at January 1, 2011
Total realized/unrealized
gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or
out of
level 3(g)
Fair value at
June 30, 2011
Change in unrealized
gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Purchases (f)
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
174

$
29

 
$
28

$
(39
)
$

$
(27
)
$

$
165

$
(12
)
 
Residential – nonagency
687

127

 
505

(271
)

(124
)
(61
)
863

39

 
Commercial – nonagency
2,069

47

 
565

(744
)

(94
)

1,843

6

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
2,930

203

 
1,098

(1,054
)

(245
)
(61
)
2,871

33

 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,257


 
556

(969
)

(1
)
12

1,855

(8
)
 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
202

4

 
243

(254
)

(39
)
(74
)
82

6

 
Corporate debt securities
4,946

55

 
3,429

(2,895
)

(117
)
188

5,606

58

 
Loans
13,144

321

 
2,614

(2,777
)

(1,153
)
(407
)
11,742

79

 
Asset-backed securities
8,460

628

 
1,973

(2,461
)

(300
)
19

8,319

347

 
Total debt instruments
31,939

1,211

 
9,913

(10,410
)

(1,855
)
(323
)
30,475

515

 
Equity securities
1,685

240

 
98

(199
)

(376
)
(40
)
1,408

380

 
Other
930

31

 
19

(12
)

(60
)

908

36

 
Total debt and equity instruments
34,554

1,482

(b) 
10,030

(10,621
)

(2,291
)
(363
)
32,791

931

(b) 
Net derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,836

1,926

 
345

(119
)

(1,903
)
32

3,117

729

 
Credit
5,386

(552
)
 
2

(3
)

(81
)
(19
)
4,733

(367
)
 
Foreign exchange
(614
)
(482
)
 
116

(3
)

462

(15
)
(536
)
(530
)
 
Equity
(2,446
)
22

 
235

(572
)

(539
)
97

(3,203
)
49

 
Commodity
(805
)
289

 
135

(97
)

(541
)
(255
)
(1,274
)
(80
)
 
Total net derivative receivables
4,357

1,203

(b) 
833

(794
)

(2,602
)
(160
)
2,837

(199
)
(b) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
13,775

581

 
1,960

(26
)

(888
)

15,402

579

 
Other
512

1

 

(3
)

(9
)

501

9

 
Total available-for-sale securities
14,287

582

(c) 
1,960

(29
)

(897
)

15,903

588

(c) 
Loans
1,466

260

(b) 
125



(363
)
(16
)
1,472

234

(b) 
Mortgage servicing rights
13,649

(1,711
)
(d) 
1,349



(1,044
)

12,243

(1,711
)
(d) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
7,862

1,682

(b) 
797

(2,045
)

(274
)

8,022

722

(b) 
All other
4,179

31

(e) 
709

(3
)

(438
)
(29
)
4,449

31

(e) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2011
Fair value at January 1, 2011
Total realized/unrealized
(gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into and/or
out of
level 3(g)
Fair value at
June 30, 2011
Change in unrealized
(gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Purchases (f)
Sales
Issuances
Settlements
Liabilities (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
773

$
(8
)
(b) 
$

$

$
216

$
(117
)
$
(1
)
$
863

$

(b) 
Other borrowed funds
1,384

(26
)
(b) 


903

(185
)
2

2,078

(4
)
(b) 
Trading liabilities – Debt and equity instruments
54

(5
)
(b) 
(133
)
277



4

197

1

(b) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
236

(63
)
(e) 



(100
)

73

3

(e) 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
873

25

(b) 


114

(582
)

430

(34
)
(b) 
Long-term debt
13,044

457

(b) 


1,256

(1,462
)
239

13,534

238

(b) 

108





 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2010
Fair value at January 1, 2010
Total realized/ unrealized gains/(losses)
Purchases, issuances, settlements, net
Transfers
into and/or
out of
   level 3(g)
Fair value at June 30, 2010
Change in unrealized
gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at June 30, 2010
(in millions)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
260

$
24

 
$
(105
)
$
(3
)
$
176

$
(10
)
 
Residential – nonagency
1,115

77

 
(340
)
(48
)
804

44

 
Commercial – nonagency
1,770

116

 
(144
)
(3
)
1,739

30

 
Total mortgage-backed securities
3,145

217

 
(589
)
(54
)
2,719

64

 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,971

(27
)
 
(78
)
142

2,008

(42
)
 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
89

(22
)
 
47


114

51

 
Corporate debt securities
5,241

(331
)
 
(467
)
108

4,551

(5
)
 
Loans
13,218

(290
)
 
2,043

(82
)
14,889

(358
)
 
Asset-backed securities
8,620

(157
)
 
158

16

8,637

(302
)
 
Total debt instruments
32,284

(610
)
 
1,114

130

32,918

(592
)
 
Equity securities
1,956

81

 
(231
)
16

1,822

213

 
Other
1,441

56

 
(655
)
78

920

51

 
Total debt and equity instruments
35,681

(473
)
(b) 
228

224

35,660

(328
)
(b) 
Net of derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
2,040

1,441

 
(575
)
141

3,047

671

 
Credit
10,350

1,399

 
(1,961
)
(2
)
9,786

1,669

 
Foreign exchange
1,082

(893
)
 
156

(294
)
51

(861
)
 
Equity
(2,306
)
(86
)
 
4

229

(2,159
)
60

 
Commodity
(329
)
(652
)
 
472

92

(417
)
(267
)
 
Total net derivative receivables
10,837

1,209

(b) 
(1,904
)
166

10,308

1,272

(b) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
12,732

(105
)
 
(293
)

12,334

(96
)
 
Other
461

(67
)
 
(89
)
105

410

(95
)
 
Total available-for-sale securities
13,193

(172
)
(c) 
(382
)
105

12,744

(191
)
(c) 
Loans
990

(11
)
(b) 
78

8

1,065

(48
)
(b) 
Mortgage servicing rights
15,531

(3,680
)
(d) 
2


11,853

(3,680
)
(d) 
Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity investments
6,563

136

(b) 
931

(384
)
7,246

11

(b) 
All other
9,521

(58
)
(e) 
(5,060
)
(95
)
4,308

(111
)
(e) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2010
Fair value at January 1, 2010
Total realized/ unrealized (gains)/losses
Purchases, issuances, settlements, net
Transfers
into and/or
out of
   level 3(g)
Fair value at June 30, 2010
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at June 30, 2010
(in millions)
Liabilities (a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
476

$
5

(b) 
$
94

$
309

$
884

$
(32
)
(b) 
Other borrowed funds
542

(100
)
(b) 
92

(243
)
291

(110
)
(b) 
Trading liabilities – Debt and equity instruments
10

4

(b) 
(33
)
23

4

1

(b) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
355

(40
)
(b) 
134


449

(13
)
(b) 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
625

(33
)
(b) 
800


1,392

(105
)
(b) 
Long-term debt
18,287

(1,035
)
(b) 
(1,887
)
397

15,762

(513
)
(b) 
(a)
Level 3 liabilities as a percentage of total Firm liabilities accounted for at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 23% and 23% at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(b)
Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for Retail Financial Services ("RFS") mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(c)
Realized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, as well as other-than-temporary impairment losses that are recorded in earnings, are reported in securities gains. Unrealized gains / (losses) are reported in other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Realized gains / (losses) and foreign exchange remeasurement adjustments recorded in income on AFS securities were $103 million and $13 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011

109





and 2010, and were $434 million and $(65) million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Unrealized gains / (losses) reported on AFS securities in OCI were $(8) million and $(42) million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and were $148 million and $(107) million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(d)
Changes in fair value for RFS mortgage servicing rights are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(e)
Largely reported in other income.
(f)
Loan originations are included in purchases.
(g)
All transfers into and/or out of level 3 are assumed to occur at the beginning of the reporting period.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Certain assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment). The following tables present the assets and liabilities carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets by caption and level within the valuation hierarchy as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, for which a nonrecurring change in fair value has been recorded during the reporting period.
 
Fair value hierarchy
 
 
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
 Level 1(d)
 Level 2(d)
 Level 3(d)
 
Total fair value
Loans retained(a)
$

$
2,634

$
231

 
$
2,865

Loans held-for-sale

480

203

 
683

Total loans

3,114

434

 
3,548

Other real estate owned

61

281

 
342

Other assets


7

 
7

Total other assets

61

288

 
349

Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
3,175

$
722

 
$
3,897

Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)
$

$
11

$
14

 
$
25

Total liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
11

$
14

 
$
25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value hierarchy
 
 
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
  Level 1(d)

  Level 2(d)

  Level 3(d)

 
Total fair value
Loans retained(a)
$

$
5,484

$
513

(e) 
$
5,997

Loans held-for-sale(c)

312

3,200

 
3,512

Total loans

5,796

3,713

 
9,509

Other real estate owned

78

311

 
389

Other assets


2

 
2

Total other assets

78

313

 
391

Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
5,874

$
4,026

 
$
9,900

Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)
$

$
53

$
18

 
$
71

Total liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
53

$
18

 
$
71

(a)
Reflects mortgage, home equity and other loans where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
(b)
Represents, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, fair value adjustments associated with $529 million and $517 million, respectively, of unfunded held-for-sale lending-related commitments within the leveraged lending portfolio.
(c)
Predominantly includes credit card loans at December 31, 2010. Loans held-for-sale are carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the lower of cost or fair value.
(d)
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the transfers between levels 1, 2 and 3 were not significant.
(e)
The prior period has been revised to conform with the current presentation.
The method used to estimate the fair value of impaired collateral-dependent loans, and other loans where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (e.g., residential mortgage loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance), depends on the type of collateral (e.g., securities, real estate, nonfinancial assets) underlying the loan. Fair value of the collateral is typically estimated based on quoted market prices, broker quotes or independent appraisals. For further information, see Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, related to financial instruments held at those dates.

110





 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
Loans retained
$
(709
)
$
(1,109
)
(a) 
$
(1,272
)
$
(2,142
)
(a) 
Loans held-for-sale
13

(3
)
 
38

65

 
Total loans
(696
)
(1,112
)
 
(1,234
)
(2,077
)
 
Other assets
(48
)
11

 
(47
)
29

 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
(4
)

 
1

5

 
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
$
(748
)
$
(1,101
)
 
$
(1,280
)
$
(2,043
)
 
(a) Prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
Level 3 analysis
Level 3 assets at June 30, 2011, predominantly include derivative receivables, mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) held within the AFS securities portfolio, loans and asset-backed securities in the trading portfolio and private equity investments.
Derivative receivables included $34.2 billion of interest rate, credit, foreign exchange, equity and commodity contracts classified within level 3 at June 30, 2011. Credit derivative receivables of $15.1 billion include $9.9 billion of structured credit derivatives with corporate debt underlying and $3.3 billion of credit default swaps on commercial mortgages where the risks are partially mitigated by similar and offsetting derivative payables. Interest rate derivative receivables of $5.9 billion include long-dated structured interest rate derivatives which are dependent on correlation. Equity derivative receivables of $5.2 billion principally include long-dated contracts where the volatility levels are unobservable. Foreign exchange derivative receivables of $4.6 billion include long-dated foreign exchange derivatives which are dependent on the correlation between foreign exchange and interest rates.
Mortgage servicing rights represent the fair value of future cash flows for performing specified mortgage servicing activities for others (predominantly with respect to residential mortgage loans). For a further description of the MSR asset, the interest rate risk management and valuation methodology used for MSRs, including valuation assumptions and sensitivities, see Note 17 on pages 260–263 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
CLOs totaling $15.1 billion are securities backed by corporate loans held in the AFS securities portfolio. Substantially all of these securities are rated “AAA,” “AA” and “A” and had an average credit enhancement of 30%. Credit enhancement in CLOs is primarily in the form of subordination, which is a form of structural credit enhancement where realized losses associated with assets held by the issuing vehicle are allocated to the various tranches of securities issued by the vehicle considering their relative seniority. For further discussion, see Note 11 on pages 128–132 of this Form 10-Q.
Trading loans totaling $11.7 billion included $5.7 billion of residential mortgage whole loans and commercial mortgage loans for which there is limited price transparency; and $3.9 billion of reverse mortgages for which the principal risk sensitivities are mortality risk and home prices. The fair value of the commercial and residential mortgage loans is estimated by projecting expected cash flows, considering relevant borrower-specific and market factors, and discounting those cash flows at a rate reflecting current market liquidity. Loans are partially hedged by level 2 instruments, including credit default swaps and interest rate derivatives, for which valuation inputs are observable and liquid.
Consolidated Balance Sheets changes
Level 3 assets (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 5% of total Firm assets at June 30, 2011. The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2010.
For the three months ended June 30, 2011
Level 3 assets were $109.8 billion at June 30, 2011, reflecting a decrease of $6.3 billion from the first quarter largely related to a:
$4.4 billion decrease in nonrecurring loans held-for-sale driven by sales in the loan portfolios;
For the six months ended June 30, 2011
Level 3 assets decreased by $4.9 billion in the first six months of 2011, due to the following:
$3.0 billion net decrease in nonrecurring loans held-for-sale driven by sales in the loan portfolios;
$1.4 billion decrease in trading loans primarily due to asset sales
$1.4 billion decrease in MSRs. For further discussion of the change, refer to Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
$1.6 billion increase in asset-backed AFS securities, predominantly driven by purchases of new issuance CLOs;


111





Gains and Losses
Included in the tables for the three months ended June 30, 2011
$960 million of losses on MSRs. For further discussion of the change, refer to Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
Included in the tables for the three months ended June 30, 2010
$2.0 billion of net gains on derivatives, largely driven by the widening of credit spreads
$632 million in gains related to long-term structured note liabilities, largely driven by the volatility in the equity markets
$3.6 billion of losses on MSRs predominantly due to declines in interest rates
Included in the tables for the six months ended June 30, 2011
$1.7 billion gain in private equity, predominately driven by net increases in investment valuations and sales in the portfolio.
$1.2 billion of net gains on derivatives, largely driven by increase in interest rate derivatives;
$1.7 billion of losses on MSRs. For further discussion of the change, refer to Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q
Included in the tables for the six months ended June 30, 2010
$3.7 billion of losses on MSRs predominantly due to declines in interest rates
$1.2 billion of gains in net derivatives receivables
$1.0 billion of gains related to long-term structured note liabilities, primarily due to volatility in the equities markets.
Credit adjustments
When determining the fair value of an instrument, it may be necessary to record a valuation adjustment to arrive at an exit price under U.S. GAAP. Valuation adjustments include, but are not limited to, amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality and the Firm’s own creditworthiness. The market’s view of the Firm’s credit quality is reflected in credit spreads observed in the credit default swap market. For a detailed discussion of the valuation adjustments the Firm considers, see Note 3 on pages 170–187 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table provides the credit adjustments, excluding the effect of any hedging activity, reflected within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of the dates indicated.
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Derivative receivables balance (net of derivatives CVA)
$
77,383

$
80,481

Derivatives CVA(a)
(4,075
)
(4,362
)
Derivative payables balance (net of derivatives DVA)
63,668

69,219

Derivatives DVA
(836
)
(882
)
Structured notes balance (net of structured notes DVA)(b)(c)
55,005

53,139

Structured notes DVA
(1,318
)
(1,153
)
(a)
Derivatives credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”), gross of hedges, includes results managed by the Credit Portfolio and other lines of business within the Investment Bank (“IB”).
(b)
Structured notes are recorded within long-term debt, other borrowed funds or deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, based on the tenor and legal form of the note.
(c)
Structured notes are measured at fair value based on the Firm’s election under the fair value option. For further information on these elections, see Note 4 on pages 114116 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table provides the impact of credit adjustments on earnings in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any hedging activity.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Credit adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative CVA(a) 
$
(248
)
 
$
(1,070
)
 
$
287

 
$
(914
)
Derivative DVA
23

 
397

 
(46
)
 
291

Structured note DVA(b) 
142

 
588

 
165

 
696

(a)
Derivatives CVA, gross of hedges, includes results managed by the Credit Portfolio and other lines of business within IB.
(b)
Structured notes are measured at fair value based on the Firm’s election under the fair value option. For further information on these elections, see Note 4 on pages 114–116 of this Form 10-Q.

112





Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments (including financial instruments not carried at fair value)
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities. For additional information regarding the financial instruments within the scope of this disclosure, and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair value, see Note 3 on pages 170–187 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in billions)
Carrying
value
Estimated
fair value
Appreciation/
(depreciation)
 
Carrying
value
Estimated
fair value
Appreciation/
(depreciation)
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets for which fair value approximates carrying value
$
200.3

$
200.3

$

 
$
49.2

$
49.2

$

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
80.3

80.3


 
70.1

70.1


Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $21.3 and $20.3 at fair value)
213.4

213.4


 
222.6

222.6


Securities borrowed (included $14.8 and $14.0 at fair value)
121.5

121.5


 
123.6

123.6


Trading assets
458.7

458.7


 
489.9

489.9


Securities (included $324.7 and $316.3 at fair value)
324.7

324.7


 
316.3

316.3


Loans (included $2.0 and $2.0 at fair value)(a)
661.2

661.3

0.1

 
660.7

663.5

2.8

Mortgage servicing rights at fair value
12.2

12.2


 
13.6

13.6


Other (included $18.4 and $18.2 at fair value)
69.1

69.4

0.3

 
64.9

65.0

0.1

Total financial assets
$
2,141.4

$
2,141.8

$
0.4

 
$
2,010.9

$
2,013.8

$
2.9

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits (included $4.8 and $4.4 at fair value)
$
1,048.7

$
1,049.5

$
(0.8
)
 
$
930.4

$
931.5

$
(1.1
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $6.6 and $4.1 at fair value)
254.1

254.1


 
276.6

276.6


Commercial paper
51.2

51.2


 
35.4

35.4


Other borrowed funds (included $11.7 and $9.9 at fair value)(b)
30.2

30.2


 
34.3

34.3


Trading liabilities
148.5

148.5


 
146.2

146.2


Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $0.1 and $0.2 at fair value)
151.6

151.5

0.1

 
138.2

138.2


Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $0.9 and $1.5 at fair value)
67.5

67.9

(0.4
)
 
77.6

77.9

(0.3
)
Long-term debt and junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (included $38.5 and $38.8 at fair value)(b)
279.2

280.7

(1.5
)
 
270.7

271.9

(1.2
)
Total financial liabilities
$
2,031.0

$
2,033.6

$
(2.6
)
 
$
1,909.4

$
1,912.0

$
(2.6
)
Net (depreciation)/appreciation
 
 
$
(2.2
)
 
 
 
$
0.3

(a)
Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based upon the value of the underlying collateral. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a financial asset or liability is the result of the different methodologies used to determine fair value as compared with carrying value. For example, credit losses are estimated for a financial asset’s remaining life in a fair value calculation but are estimated for a loss emergence period in a loan loss reserve calculation; future loan income (interest and fees) is incorporated in a fair value calculation but is generally not considered in a loan loss reserve calculation. For a further discussion of the Firm’s methodologies for estimating the fair value of loans and lending-related commitments, see Note 3 pages 171–173 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
(b)
Effective January 1, 2011, $23.0 billion of long-term advances from Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”) were reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The prior-year period has been revised to conform with the current presentation.

113





The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, nor are they actively traded. The carrying value and estimated fair value of the Firm’s wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in billions)
Carrying
value(a)
Estimated
fair value
 
Carrying
value(a)
Estimated
fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
0.6

$
1.5

 
$
0.7

$
0.9

(a)
Represents the allowance for wholesale lending-related commitments. Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which are recognized at fair value at the inception of guarantees.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases, without notice as permitted by law. For a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments, see Note 3 on pages 171–173 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Trading assets and liabilities - average balances
Average trading assets and liabilities were as follows for the periods indicated.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Trading assets – debt and equity instruments(a)
$
422,715

 
$
340,612

 
$
420,103

 
$
336,212

Trading assets – derivative receivables
82,860

 
79,409

 
84,141

 
79,048

Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments(a)(b)
84,250

 
77,492

 
83,588

 
74,205

Trading liabilities – derivative payables
66,009

 
62,547

 
68,634

 
60,809

(a)
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of securities sold, but not yet purchased (short positions) when the long and short positions have identical CUSIP numbers.
(b)
Primarily represent securities sold, not yet purchased.
NOTE 4 – FAIR VALUE OPTION
For a discussion of the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option was previously elected, including the basis for those elections and the determination of instrument-specific credit risk, where relevant, see Note 4 on pages 187–189 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.

114





 
Three months ended June 30,
 
2011
 
2010
(in millions)
Principal
transactions
Other
income
Total changes
in fair value recorded
 
Principal
transactions
Other
income
Total changes
in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
121

$

 
$
121

 
$
261

$

 
$
261

Securities borrowed
(8
)

 
(8
)
 
27


 
27

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
107

(4
)
(c) 
103

 
40

(12
)
(c) 
28

Loans reported as trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
429

4

(c) 
433

 
389

28

(c) 
417

Other changes in fair value
13

1,371

(c) 
1,384

 
(299
)
1,217

(c) 
918

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
(7
)

 
(7
)
 
32


 
32

Other changes in fair value
139


 
139

 
(44
)

 
(44
)
Other assets

(42
)
(d) 
(42
)
 

(49
)
(d) 
(49
)
Deposits(a)
(93
)

 
(93
)
 
(103
)

 
(103
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(14
)

 
(14
)
 
(56
)

 
(56
)
Other borrowed funds(a) 
739


 
739

 
838


 
838

Trading liabilities
(3
)

 
(3
)
 


 

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
(55
)

 
(55
)
 
(14
)

 
(14
)
Other liabilities
(1
)
(1
)
(d) 
(2
)
 
(19
)
14

(d) 
(5
)
Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk(a) 
145


 
145

 
534


 
534

Other changes in fair value(b)
(93
)

 
(93
)
 
1,332


 
1,332

 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2011
 
2010
(in millions)
Principal
transactions
Other
income
Total changes
in fair value recorded
 
Principal
transactions
Other
income
Total changes
in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
3

$

 
$
3

 
$
280

$

 
$
280

Securities borrowed
1


 
1

 
39


 
39

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
271

(1
)
(c) 
270

 
196

(11
)
(c) 
185

Loans reported as trading assets:




 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
909

4

(c) 
913

 
798

22

(c) 
820

Other changes in fair value
138

2,094

(c) 
2,232

 
(683
)
1,972

(c) 
1,289

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
(13
)

 
(13
)
 
79


 
79

Other changes in fair value
282


 
282

 
(71
)

 
(71
)
Other assets

(42
)
(d) 
(42
)
 

(102
)
(d) 
(102
)
Deposits(a)
(110
)

 
(110
)
 
(292
)

 
(292
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
21


 
21

 
(65
)

 
(65
)
Other borrowed funds(a) 
956


 
956

 
912


 
912

Trading liabilities
(6
)

 
(6
)
 
(3
)

 
(3
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
(89
)

 
(89
)
 
32


 
32

Other liabilities
(4
)
(3
)
(d) 
(7
)
 
4

14

(d) 
18

Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk(a) 
199


 
199

 
585


 
585

Other changes in fair value(b)
(117
)

 
(117
)
 
1,558


 
1,558

(a)
Total changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes were $142 million and $588 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $165 million and $696 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Those totals include adjustments for structured notes classified within deposits and other borrowed funds, as well as long-term debt.

115





(b)
Structured notes are debt instruments with embedded derivatives that are tailored to meet a client’s need. The embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of such risk management instruments.
(c)
Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Reported in other income.
Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
Contractual
principal
outstanding
 
Fair value
Fair value
over/(under)
contractual
principal
outstanding
 
Contractual
principal
outstanding
 
Fair value
Fair value
over/(under)
contractual
principal
outstanding
Loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing loans 90 days or more past due
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
$

 
$

$

 
$

 
$

$

Loans

 


 

 


Nonaccrual loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
5,342

 
1,410

(3,932
)
 
5,246

 
1,239

(4,007
)
Loans
889

 
72

(817
)
 
927

 
132

(795
)
Subtotal
6,231

 
1,482

(4,749
)
 
6,173

 
1,371

(4,802
)
All other performing loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
40,255

 
34,945

(5,310
)
 
39,490

 
33,641

(5,849
)
Loans
2,239

 
1,488

(751
)
 
2,496

 
1,434

(1,062
)
Total loans
$
48,725

 
$
37,915

$
(10,810
)
 
$
48,159

 
$
36,446

$
(11,713
)
Long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal-protected debt
$
20,620

(b) 
$
21,157

$
537

 
$
20,761

(b) 
$
21,315

$
554

Nonprincipal-protected debt(a)
NA

 
17,359

NA

 
NA

 
17,524

NA

Total long-term debt
NA

 
$
38,516

NA

 
NA

 
$
38,839

NA

Long-term beneficial interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal-protected debt
$

 
$

$

 
$
49

 
$
49

$

Nonprincipal-protected debt(a)
NA

 
911

NA

 
NA

 
1,446

NA

Total long-term beneficial interests
NA

 
$
911

NA

 
NA

 
$
1,495

NA

(a)
Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected notes. Unlike principal-protected notes, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at the maturity of the note, nonprincipal-protected notes do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note.
(b)
Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflected as the remaining contractual principal is the final principal payment at maturity.
At both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the contractual amount of letters of credit for which the fair value option was elected was $3.8 billion, with a corresponding fair value of $(6) million. For further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, see Note 30 on pages 275–280 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.


116





NOTE 5 – DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
For a further discussion of the Firm’s use and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments, see Note 6 on pages 191–199 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
 
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions)
 
June 30, 2011

December 31, 2010

Interest rate contracts
 
 
 
Swaps
 
$
44,191

$
46,299

Futures and forwards
 
8,871

9,298

Written options
 
4,361

4,075

Purchased options
 
4,623

3,968

Total interest rate contracts
 
62,046

63,640

Credit derivatives(a)
 
6,105

5,472

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
 

Cross-currency swaps
 
2,875

2,568

Spot, futures and forwards
 
4,624

3,893

Written options
 
718

674

Purchased options
 
711

649

Total foreign exchange contracts
 
8,928

7,784

Equity contracts
 
 
 
Swaps
 
130

116

Futures and forwards
 
51

49

Written options
 
519

430

Purchased options
 
473

377

Total equity contracts
 
1,173

972

Commodity contracts
 
 
 

Swaps
 
401

349

Spot, futures and forwards
 
189

170

Written options
 
307

264

Purchased options
 
297

254

Total commodity contracts
 
1,194

1,037

Total derivative notional amounts
 
$
79,446

$
78,905

(a)
Primarily consists of credit default swaps. For more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts, see the Credit derivatives discussion on pages 123–124 of this Note.
(b)
Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.

While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative transactions, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments.

117





Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
The following tables summarize information on derivative fair values that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated as hedges or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivatives(a) 
 
Derivative receivables
 
Derivative payables
June 30, 2011
(in millions)
Not designated
as hedges
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative
receivables
 
Not
designated
as hedges
Designated
as hedges
Total
derivative payables
Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
994,157

$
5,747

 
$
999,904

 
$
962,219

$
1,352

 
$
963,571

Credit
129,022


 
129,022

 
125,474


 
125,474

Foreign exchange(b)
154,697

3,663

 
158,360

 
151,498

1,777

 
153,275

Equity
47,054


 
47,054

 
46,642


 
46,642

Commodity
57,717

315

 
58,032

 
56,582

1,732

 
58,314

Gross fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
1,382,647

$
9,725

 
$
1,392,372

 
$
1,342,415

$
4,861

 
$
1,347,276

Netting adjustment(c)
 
 
 
(1,314,989
)
 
 
 
 
(1,283,608
)
Carrying value of derivative trading assets and trading liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
$
77,383

 
 
 
 
$
63,668

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative receivables
 
Derivative payables
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
Not designated
as hedges

Designated
as hedges
Total derivative
receivables

 
Not
designated
as hedges

Designated
as hedges
Total
derivative payables

Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
1,121,703

$
6,279

 
$
1,127,982

 
$
1,089,604

$
840

 
$
1,090,444

Credit
129,729


 
129,729

 
125,061


 
125,061

Foreign exchange(b)
165,240

3,231

 
168,471

 
163,671

1,059

 
164,730

Equity
43,633


 
43,633

 
46,399


 
46,399

Commodity
59,573

24

 
59,597

 
56,397

2,078

(d) 
58,475

Gross fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
1,519,878

$
9,534

 
$
1,529,412

 
$
1,481,132

$
3,977

 
$
1,485,109

Netting adjustment(c)
 
 
 
(1,448,931
)
 
 
 
 
(1,415,890
)
Carrying value of derivative trading assets and trading liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
 
$
80,481

 
 
 
 
$
69,219

(a)
Excludes structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. See Note 4 on pages 114–116 of this Form 10-Q and Note 4 on pages 187–189 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report for further information.
(b)
Excludes $15 million and $21 million of foreign currency-denominated debt designated as a net investment hedge at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(c)
U.S. GAAP permits the netting of derivative receivables and payables, and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Firm and a derivative counterparty.
(d)
Excludes $1.0 billion related to commodity derivatives that are embedded in a debt instrument and used as fair value hedging instruments that are recorded in the line item of the host contract (other borrowed funds) for December 31, 2010.
Derivative receivables and payables fair value
The following table summarizes the fair values of derivative receivables and payables, including those designated as hedges, by contract type and after netting adjustments as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
Trading assets – Derivative receivables
 
Trading liabilities – Derivative payables
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
32,911

$
32,555

 
$
17,306

$
20,387

Credit
6,198

7,725

 
4,878

5,138

Foreign exchange
19,898

25,858

 
19,015

25,015

Equity
7,084

4,204

 
11,430

10,450

Commodity
11,292

10,139

 
11,039

8,229

Total
$
77,383

$
80,481

 
$
63,668

$
69,219


118





Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative and the related hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income
statement impact
 

Hedge
ineffectiveness(d)

  Excluded
     components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
166

 
$
(102
)
$
64

 
$
(17
)
$
81

Foreign exchange(b)
(1,239
)
(f) 
1,401

162

 

162

Commodity(c)
(401
)
 
(97
)
(498
)
 
3

(501
)
Total
$
(1,474
)
 
$
1,202

$
(272
)
 
$
(14
)
$
(258
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended
June 30, 2010 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items

Total income
statement impact

 

Hedge
ineffectiveness(d)


   Excluded
    components(e)

Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
1,345

 
$
(1,100
)
$
245

 
$
96

$
149

Foreign exchange(b)
3,841

(f) 
(3,865
)
(24
)
 

(24
)
Commodity(c)
139

 
(332
)
(193
)
 

(193
)
Total
$
5,325

 
$
(5,297
)
$
28

 
$
96

$
(68
)

 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income
statement impact
 

Hedge
ineffectiveness(d)

  Excluded
     components(e)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(552
)
 
$
698

$
146

 
$
(26
)
$
172

Foreign exchange(b)
(4,445
)
(f) 
4,525

80

 

80

Commodity(c)
(474
)
 
336

(138
)
 
2

(140
)
Total
$
(5,471
)
 
$
5,559

$
88

 
$
(24
)
$
112

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended
June 30, 2010 (in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items

Total income
statement impact

 

Hedge
ineffectiveness(d)


   Excluded
    components(e)

Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
1,977

 
$
(1,598
)
$
379

 
$
124

$
255

Foreign exchange(b)
5,488

(f) 
(5,522
)
(34
)
 

(34
)
Commodity(c)
(316
)
 
64

(252
)
 

(252
)
Total
$
7,149

 
$
(7,056
)
$
93

 
$
124

$
(31
)
(a)
Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items, due to changes in spot foreign currency rates, were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)
Consists of overall fair value hedges of certain commodities inventories. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(d)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
(e)
Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in current-period income.
(f)
Included $(1.8) billion and $3.8 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $(5.0) billion and $5.6 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, of revenue related to certain foreign exchange trading derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments.


119





Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The Firm includes the gain/(loss) on the hedging derivative in the same line item as the offsetting change in cash flows on the hedged item in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income (“OCI”)/(loss)(c)
Three months ended
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
75

$
6

$
81

$
(103
)
$
(178
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(7
)

(7
)
(40
)
(33
)
Total
$
68

$
6

$
74

$
(143
)
$
(211
)
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)(c)
Three months ended
June 30, 2010 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
33

$
8

$
41

$
98

$
65

Foreign exchange(b)
(23
)
(3
)
(26
)
47

70

Total
$
10

$
5

$
15

$
145

$
135


 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)(c)
Six months ended June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives - effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
169

$
9

$
178

$
(134
)
$
(303
)
Foreign exchange(b)
15


15

(22
)
(37
)
Total
$
184

$
9

$
193

$
(156
)
$
(340
)

 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)(c)
Six months ended June 30, 2010 (in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(d)
Total income statement impact
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
82

$
11

$
93

$
349

$
267

Foreign exchange(b)
(75
)
(3
)
(78
)
(65
)
10

Total
$
7

$
8

$
15

$
284

$
277

(a)
Primarily consists of benchmark interest rate hedges of LIBOR-indexed floating-rate assets and floating-rate liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily net interest income, compensation expense and other expense.
(c)
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the Firm reclassified a $25 million loss from accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) to earnings because the Firm determined that it was probable that forecasted interest payment cash flows related to certain wholesale deposits would not occur.
(d)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the cumulative gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative expected change in cash flows on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.

120





Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that $96 million (after-tax) of net gains recorded in AOCI at June 30, 2011, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 10 years, and such transactions primarily relate to core lending and borrowing activities.
Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following tables present hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2011
 
2010
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion
recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion
recorded in OCI
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
(74
)
$
(383
)
 
$
(32
)
$
429

Foreign currency denominated debt


 

2

Total
$
(74
)
$
(383
)
 
$
(32
)
$
431


 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2011
 
2010
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion
recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion
recorded in OCI
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign exchange derivatives
$
(145
)
$
(773
)
 
$
(73
)
$
714

Foreign currency denominated debt


 

43

Total
$
(145
)
$
(773
)
 
$
(73
)
$
757

(a)
Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in current-period income. There was no ineffectiveness for net investment hedge accounting relationships during the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.

Risk management derivatives gains and losses (not designated as hedging instruments)
The following table presents nontrading derivatives, by contract type, that were not designated in hedge relationships, and the pretax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. These derivatives are risk management instruments used to mitigate or transform market risk exposures arising from banking activities other than trading activities, which are discussed separately below.
 
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
1,486

$
3,662

 
$
1,562

$
3,802

Credit(b)
(5
)
60

 
(63
)
(59
)
Foreign exchange(c)
(78
)
1

 
(98
)
(20
)
Commodity (b)
11

(24
)
 

(47
)
Total
$
1,414

$
3,699

 
$
1,401

$
3,676

(a)
Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue, mortgage fees and related income, and net interest income.
(b)
Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)
Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.

121





Trading derivative gains and losses
The following table presents trading derivatives gains and losses, by contract type, that are recorded in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. The Firm has elected to present derivative gains and losses related to its trading activities together with the cash instruments with which they are risk managed.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in principal transactions revenue
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Type of instrument
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
(353
)
$
(37
)
 
$
13

$
70

Credit
745

1,287

 
1,954

3,412

Foreign exchange(a)
229

424

 
831

1,051

Equity
743

85

 
1,571

907

Commodity
1,219

20

 
1,393

433

Total
$
2,583

$
1,779

 
$
5,762

$
5,873

(a)
In 2010, the reporting of trading gains and losses was enhanced to include trading gains and losses related to certain trading derivatives designated as fair value hedging instruments. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform to the current presentation.
Credit risk, liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
The aggregate fair value of net derivative payables that contain contingent collateral or termination features triggered upon a downgrade was $15.4 billion at June 30, 2011, for which the Firm has posted collateral of $11.2 billion in the normal course of business. At June 30, 2011, the impact of a single-notch and two-notch ratings downgrade to JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, primarily JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”), would have required $1.4 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, of additional collateral to be posted by the Firm. In addition, at June 30, 2011, the impact of single-notch and two-notch ratings downgrades to JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, primarily JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., related to contracts with termination triggers would have required the Firm to settle trades with a fair value of $430 million and $930 million, respectively.
The following tables show the carrying value of derivative receivables and payables after netting adjustments and adjustments for collateral held and transferred as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
Derivative receivables
 
Derivative payables
(in millions)
June 30, 2011

December 31, 2010

 
June 30, 2011

December 31, 2010

Gross derivative fair value
$
1,392,372

$
1,529,412

 
$
1,347,276

$
1,485,109

Netting adjustment – offsetting receivables/payables(a)
(1,248,243
)
(1,376,969
)
 
(1,248,243
)
(1,376,969
)
Netting adjustment – cash collateral received/paid(a)
(66,746
)
(71,962
)
 
(35,365
)
(38,921
)
Carrying value on Consolidated Balance Sheets
$
77,383

$
80,481

 
$
63,668

$
69,219


 
 
Collateral held
 
Collateral transferred
(in billions)
 
June 30, 2011

 
December 31, 2010

 
June 30, 2011

 
December 31, 2010

Netting adjustment for cash collateral(a)
 
$
66.7

 
$
72.0

 
$
35.4

 
$
38.9

Liquid securities and other cash collateral(b)
 
16.5

 
16.5

 
12.5

 
10.9

Additional liquid securities and cash collateral(c)
 
22.3

 
18.0

 
10.0

 
8.5

Total collateral for derivative transactions
 
$
105.5

 
$
106.5

 
$
57.9

 
$
58.3

(a)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net cash collateral received and paid together with the related derivative receivables and derivative payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. 
(b)
Represents cash collateral received and paid that is not subject to a legally enforceable master netting agreement, and liquid securities collateral held and transferred.
(c)
Represents liquid securities and cash collateral held and transferred at the initiation of derivative transactions, which is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the transactions move, as well as collateral held and transferred related to contracts that have non-daily call frequency for collateral to be posted, and collateral that the Firm or a counterparty has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. These amounts were not netted against the derivative receivables and payables in the tables above, because, at an individual counterparty level, the collateral exceeded the fair value exposure at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.


122





Credit derivatives
For a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives, including a description of the different types used by the Firm, see Note 6 on pages 191–199 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. Upon a credit event, the Firm as a seller of protection would typically pay out only a percentage of the full notional amount of net protection sold, as the amount actually required to be paid on the contracts takes into account the recovery value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement. The Firm manages the credit risk on contracts to sell protection by purchasing protection with identical or similar underlying reference entities. Other purchased protection referenced in the following tables includes credit derivatives bought on related, but not identical, reference positions (including indices, portfolio coverage and other reference points) as well as protection purchased through credit-related notes.
The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
June 30, 2011
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
Other protection purchased(d)
(in millions)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(2,972,180
)
$
2,912,446

$
(59,734
)
$
38,797

Other credit derivatives(a)
(120,733
)
36,278

(84,455
)
25,002

Total credit derivatives
(3,092,913
)
2,948,724

(144,189
)
63,799

Credit-related notes
(1,544
)

(1,544
)
4,009

Total
$
(3,094,457
)
$
2,948,724

$
(145,733
)
$
67,808

 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2010
Protection sold
Protection purchased with identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
Other protection purchased(d)
(in millions)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(2,659,240
)
$
2,652,313

$
(6,927
)
$
32,867

Other credit derivatives(a)
(93,776
)
10,016

(83,760
)
24,234

Total credit derivatives
(2,753,016
)
2,662,329

(90,687
)
57,101

Credit-related notes
(2,008
)

(2,008
)
3,327

Total
$
(2,755,024
)
$
2,662,329

$
(92,695
)
$
60,428

(a)
Primarily consists of total return swaps and credit default swap options.
(b)
Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(c)
Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(d)
Represents protection purchased by the Firm through single-name and index credit default swap or credit-related notes.
The following tables summarize the notional and fair value amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives and credit-related notes where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.

123





Protection sold – credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings(a)/maturity profile
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total
notional amount
Fair value(b)
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(218,669
)
$
(1,450,354
)
$
(418,820
)
$
(2,087,843
)
$
(25,284
)
Noninvestment-grade
(190,728
)
(658,364
)
(157,522
)
(1,006,614
)
(52,238
)
Total
$
(409,397
)
$
(2,108,718
)
$
(576,342
)
$
(3,094,457
)
$
(77,522
)
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
<1 year
1–5 years
>5 years
Total
notional amount
Fair value(b)
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(175,618
)
$
(1,194,695
)
$
(336,309
)
$
(1,706,622
)
$
(17,261
)
Noninvestment-grade
(148,434
)
(702,638
)
(197,330
)
(1,048,402
)
(59,939
)
Total
$
(324,052
)
$
(1,897,333
)
$
(533,639
)
$
(2,755,024
)
$
(77,200
)
(a)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)
Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received by the Firm.
NOTE 6 – NONINTEREST REVENUE
For a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s other noninterest revenue, see Note 7 on pages 199–200 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Underwriting:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
$
455

 
$
354

 
$
834

 
$
767

Debt
876

 
711

 
1,858

 
1,462

Total underwriting
1,331

 
1,065

 
2,692

 
2,229

Advisory
602

 
356

 
1,034

 
653

Total investment banking fees
$
1,933

 
$
1,421

 
$
3,726

 
$
2,882

Principal transactions revenue consists of trading revenue as well as realized and unrealized gains and losses on private equity investments. Trading revenue is driven by the Firm's client market-making and client driven activities as well as certain risk management activities.
The spread between the price at which the Firm buys and the price at which the Firm sells financial instruments with clients and other market makers is recognized as trading revenue. Trading revenue also includes unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments that the Firm holds in inventory as a market maker to meet client needs, or for risk management purposes.
The following table presents principal transactions revenue by major underlying type of risk exposures. This table does not include other types of revenue, such as net interest income on trading assets, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm's client-driven trading activities.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Trading revenue by risk exposure:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
(325
)
 
$
288

 
$
190

 
$
572

Credit
919

 
1,371

 
2,198

 
3,418

Foreign exchange
225

 
474

 
785

 
1,172

Equity
754

 
37

 
1,778

 
1,029

Commodity(a)
729

 
(160
)
 
1,291

 
205

Total trading revenue
$
2,302

 
$
2,010

 
$
6,242

 
$
6,396

Private equity gains/(losses)(b)
838

 
80

 
1,643

 
242

Principal transactions
$
3,140

 
$
2,090

 
$
7,885

 
$
6,638

(a)
Includes realized gains and realized and unrealized losses on physical commodities inventory that is carried at the lower of cost or market, and gains and losses on commodity derivatives and other financial instruments that are carried at fair value through income. Commodity derivatives are frequently used to manage the Firm's risk exposure to its physical commodity inventory.
(b)
Includes revenue on private equity investments held in the Private Equity business within Corporate/Private Equity, as well as those held in other business segments.

124





The following table presents components of asset management, administration and commissions.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Asset management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management fees
$
1,655

 
$
1,317

 
$
3,149

 
$
2,644

All other asset management fees
148

 
116

 
292

 
225

Total asset management fees
1,803

 
1,433

 
3,441

 
2,869

Total administration fees(a)
579

 
531

 
1,130

 
1,022

Commission and other fees:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage commissions
699

 
753

 
1,462

 
1,456

All other commissions and fees
622

 
632

 
1,276

 
1,267

Total commissions and fees
1,321

 
1,385

 
2,738

 
2,723

Total asset management, administration and commissions
$
3,703

 
$
3,349

 
$
7,309

 
$
6,614

(a)
Includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
NOTE 7 – INTEREST INCOME AND INTEREST EXPENSE
For a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense, see Note 8 on page 200 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Details of interest income and interest expense were as follows.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Interest income
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
$
9,140

$
9,969

 
$
18,647

$
20,526

Securities
2,590

2,517

 
4,806

5,421

Trading assets
2,966

2,574

 
5,851

5,334

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
604

398

 
1,147

805

Securities borrowed
30

32

 
77

61

Deposits with banks
144

92

 
245

187

Other assets(a) 
158

137

 
306

230

Total interest income
15,632

15,719

 
31,079

32,564

Interest expense
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
1,123

883

 
2,045

1,727

Short-term and other liabilities(b)(c)
890

496

 
1,708

1,058

Long-term debt(c)
1,581

1,347

 
3,169

2,746

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
202

306

 
416

636

Total interest expense
3,796

3,032

 
7,338

6,167

Net interest income
11,836

12,687

 
23,741

26,397

Provision for credit losses
1,810

3,363

 
2,979

10,373

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
10,026

$
9,324

 
$
20,762

$
16,024

(a)
Predominantly margin loans.
(b)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2011, the long-term portion of advances from FHLBs was reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The related interest expense for the prior-year period has also been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.

125





NOTE 8 – PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans, see Note 9 on pages 201–210 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost reported in the Consolidated Statements of Income for the Firm’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
 
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
 
2011

2010

 
 
2011

2010

 
 
2011

2010

 
Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
 
$
62

$
58

 
 
$
9

$
6

 
 
$

$
1

 
Interest cost on benefit obligations
 
113

117

 
 
35

77

 
 
13

13

 
Expected return on plan assets
 
(197
)
(185
)
 
 
(36
)
(75
)
 
 
(22
)
(24
)
 
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
41

56

 
 
12

13

 
 


 
Prior service cost/(credit)
 
(11
)
(11
)
 
 
(1
)

 
 
(2
)
(4
)
 
Net periodic defined benefit cost
 
8

35

 
 
19

21

 
 
(11
)
(14
)
 
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
 
4

3

 
 
5

1

 
 
NA

NA

 
Total defined benefit plans
 
12

38

 
 
24

22

 
 
(11
)
(14
)
 
Total defined contribution plans
 
89

84

 
 
65

67

 
 
NA

NA

 
Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
 
$
101

$
122

 
 
$
89

$
89

 
 
$
(11
)
$
(14
)
 
 
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
 
2011

2010

 
 
2011

2010

 
 
2011

2010

 
Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
 
$
124

$
116

 
 
$
18

$
13

 
 
$

$
1

 
Interest cost on benefit obligations
 
226

234

 
 
68

63

 
 
26

28

 
Expected return on plan assets
 
(395
)
(371
)
 
 
(72
)
(62
)
 
 
(44
)
(48
)
 
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
82

112

 
 
24

27

 
 


 
Prior service cost/(credit)
 
(21
)
(22
)
 
 
(1
)

 
 
(4
)
(7
)
 
Net periodic defined benefit cost
 
16

69

 
 
37

41

 
 
(22
)
(26
)
 
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
 
11

7

 
 
9

5

 
 
NA

NA

 
Total defined benefit plans
 
27

76

 
 
46

46

 
 
(22
)
(26
)
 
Total defined contribution plans
 
167

147

 
 
143

132

 
 
NA

NA

 
Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
 
$
194

$
223

 
 
$
189

$
178

 
 
$
(22
)
$
(26
)
 
(a)
Includes various defined benefit pension plans which are individually immaterial.
The fair values of plan assets for the U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans and for the material non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans were $12.5 billion and $2.9 billion, respectively, as of June 30, 2011, and $12.2 billion and $2.6 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2010. See Note 20 on page 166 of this Form 10-Q for further information on unrecognized amounts (i.e., net loss and prior service costs/(credit)) reflected in AOCI for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
The amount of potential 2011 contributions to the U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plans, if any, is not determinable at this time. For the full year 2011, the cost of funding benefits under the Firm’s U.S. non-qualified defined benefit pension plans is expected to total $42 million. The 2011 contributions to the non-U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans are expected to be $166 million and $2 million, respectively.

126





NOTE 9 – EMPLOYEE STOCK-BASED INCENTIVES
For a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee stock-based incentives, see Note 10 on pages 210–212 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee stock-based incentive plans in its Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions)
 
2011

 
2010

 
 
2011

 
2010

 
 
Cost of prior grants of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
 
$
520

 
$
646

 
 
$
1,081

 
$
1,334

 
 
Accrual of estimated costs of RSUs and SARs to be granted in future periods including those to full-career eligible employees
 
207

 
187

 
 
476

 
440

 
 
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee stock-based incentive plans
 
$
727

 
$
833

 
 
$
1,557

 
$
1,774

 
 
In the first quarter of 2011, in connection with its annual incentive grant, the Firm granted 55 million RSUs and 14 million SARs with weighted-average grant date fair values of $44.31 per RSU and $13.12 per SAR.
NOTE 10 – NONINTEREST EXPENSE
The following table presents the components of noninterest expense.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Compensation expense(a) 
$
7,569

 
$
7,616

 
$
15,832

 
$
14,892

Noncompensation expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy expense
935

 
883

 
1,913

 
1,752

Technology, communications and equipment expense
1,217

 
1,165

 
2,417

 
2,302

Professional and outside services
1,866

 
1,685

 
3,601

 
3,260

Marketing
744

 
628

 
1,403

 
1,211

Other expense(b)(c)
4,299

 
2,419

 
7,242

 
6,860

Amortization of intangibles
212

 
235

 
429

 
478

Total noncompensation expense
9,273

 
7,015

 
17,005

 
15,863

Total noninterest expense
$
16,842

 
$
14,631

 
$
32,837

 
$
30,755

(a)
The three and six months ended June 30, 2010, includes a payroll tax expense related to the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) Bank Payroll Tax on certain compensation awarded from December 9, 2009, to April 5, 2010, to relevant banking employees.
(b)
Included litigation expense of $1.9 billion and $3.0 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, compared with $792 million and $3.7 billion for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively.
(c)
Included foreclosed property expense of $174 million and $384 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, compared with $244 million and $547 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively.



127





NOTE 11 – SECURITIES
Securities are classified as AFS, held-to-maturity (“HTM”) or trading. For additional information regarding AFS and HTM securities, see Note 12 on pages 214–218 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. Trading securities are discussed in Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q.
Securities gains and losses
The following table presents realized gains and losses and credit losses that were recognized in income from AFS securities.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Realized gains
$
881

$
1,130

 
$
1,033

$
1,882

Realized losses
(31
)
(130
)
 
(51
)
(172
)
Net realized gains(a)
850

1,000

 
982

1,710

Credit losses included in securities gains(b)
(13
)

 
(43
)
(100
)
Net securities gains
$
837

$
1,000

 
$
939

$
1,610

(a)
Proceeds from securities sold were within approximately 4% of amortized cost.
(b)
Includes other-than-temporary impairment losses recognized in income on certain prime mortgage-backed securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, and on certain prime mortgage-backed securities and obligations of U.S. states and municipalities for the six months ended June 30, 2010.
The amortized costs and estimated fair values of AFS and HTM securities were as follows for the dates indicated.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair
value
 
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair
value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a) 
$
115,271

$
3,838

$
208

 
$
118,901

 
$
117,364

$
3,159

$
297

 
$
120,226

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A
2,201

72

180

(d) 
2,093

 
2,173

81

250

(d) 
2,004

Subprime
1



 
1

 
1



 
1

Non-U.S.
56,824

332

317

 
56,839

 
47,089

290

409

 
46,970

Commercial
4,755

430

13

 
5,172

 
5,169

502

17

 
5,654

Total mortgage-backed securities
179,052

4,672

718

 
183,006

 
171,796

4,032

973

 
174,855

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
5,197

112

22

 
5,287

 
11,258

118

28

 
11,348

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
11,353

340

115

 
11,578

 
11,732

165

338

 
11,559

Certificates of deposit
4,859

2


 
4,861

 
3,648

1

2

 
3,647

Non-U.S. government debt securities
30,662

217

63

 
30,816

 
20,614

191

28

 
20,777

Corporate debt securities(b)
55,927

393

514

 
55,806

 
61,717

495

419

 
61,793

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card receivables
5,124

277


 
5,401

 
7,278

335

5

 
7,608

Collateralized loan obligations
14,859

509

117

 
15,251

 
13,336

472

210

 
13,598

Other
9,318

177

10

 
9,485

 
8,968

130

16

 
9,082

Total available-for-sale debt securities
316,351

6,699

1,559

(d) 
321,491

 
310,347

5,939

2,019

(d) 
314,267

Available-for-sale equity securities
3,032

206

3

 
3,235

 
1,894

163

6

 
2,051

Total available-for-sale securities
$
319,383

$
6,905

$
1,562

(d) 
$
324,726

 
$
312,241

$
6,102

$
2,025

(d) 
$
316,318

Total held-to-maturity securities(c)
$
15

$
1

$

 
$
16

 
$
18

$
2

$

 
$
20

(a)
Includes total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with fair values of $95.2 billion and $94.2 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.
(b)
Consists primarily of bank debt including sovereign government-guaranteed bank debt.
(c)
Consists primarily of mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises.
(d)
Includes a total of $102 million and $133 million (pretax) of unrealized losses related to prime mortgage-backed securities for which credit losses have been recognized in income at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. These unrealized losses are not credit-related and remain reported in AOCI.


128





Securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses for AFS securities by aging category at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
13,774

$
207

 
$
11

$
1

$
13,785

$
208

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A
325

1

 
1,119

179

1,444

180

Subprime


 




Non-U.S.
18,163

87

 
19,385

230

37,548

317

Commercial
790

13

 


790

13

Total mortgage-backed securities
33,052

308

 
20,515

410

53,567

718

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
479

22

 


479

22

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
3,905

107

 
27

8

3,932

115

Certificates of deposit


 




Non-U.S. government debt securities
10,713

63

 


10,713

63

Corporate debt securities
18,864

514

 


18,864

514

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card receivables


 




Collateralized loan obligations
988

4

 
5,750

113

6,738

117

Other
2,577

8

 
96

2

2,673

10

Total available-for-sale debt securities
70,578

1,026

 
26,388

533

96,966

1,559

Available-for-sale equity securities
4

3

 


4

3

Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
70,582

$
1,029

 
$
26,388

$
533

$
96,970

$
1,562


 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
14,039

$
297

 
$

$

$
14,039

$
297

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime and Alt-A


 
1,193

250

1,193

250

Subprime


 




Non-U.S.
35,166

379

 
1,080

30

36,246

409

Commercial
548

14

 
11

3

559

17

Total mortgage-backed securities
49,753

690

 
2,284

283

52,037

973

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
921

28

 


921

28

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
6,890

330

 
20

8

6,910

338

Certificates of deposit
1,771

2

 


1,771

2

Non-U.S. government debt securities
6,960

28

 


6,960

28

Corporate debt securities
18,783

418

 
90

1

18,873

419

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card receivables


 
345

5

345

5

Collateralized loan obligations
460

10

 
6,321

200

6,781

210

Other
2,615

9

 
32

7

2,647

16

Total available-for-sale debt securities
88,153

1,515

 
9,092

504

97,245

2,019

Available-for-sale equity securities


 
2

6

2

6

Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
88,153

$
1,515

 
$
9,094

$
510

$
97,247

$
2,025


129





Other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”)
The following table presents credit losses that are included in the securities gains and losses table above.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Debt securities the Firm does not intend to sell that have credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses(a)
$

$

 
$
(27
)
$
(94
)
Losses recorded in/(reclassified from) other comprehensive income
(13
)

 
(16
)
(6
)
Total credit losses recognized in income(b)
$
(13
)
$

 
$
(43
)
$
(100
)
(a)
For initial OTTI, represents the excess of the amortized cost over the fair value of AFS debt securities. For subsequent impairments of the same security, represents additional declines in fair value subsequent to previously recorded OTTI, if applicable.
(b)
Represents the credit loss component of certain prime mortgage-backed securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and certain prime mortgage-backed securities and obligations of U.S. states and municipalities for the six months ended June 30, 2010, that the Firm does not intend to sell. Subsequent credit losses may be recorded on securities without a corresponding further decline in fair value if there has been a decline in expected cash flows.
Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities
The following table presents a rollforward for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, of the credit loss component of OTTI losses that have been recognized in income, related to debt securities that the Firm does not intend to sell.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Balance, beginning of period
$
662

$
660

 
$
632

$
578

Additions:
 
 
 
 
 
Newly credit-impaired securities


 
4


Increase in losses on previously credit-impaired securities


 

94

Losses reclassified from other comprehensive income on previously credit-impaired securities
13


 
39

6

Reductions:
 
 
 
 
 
Sales of credit-impaired securities

(20
)
 

(23
)
Impact of new accounting guidance related to VIEs


 

(15
)
Balance, end of period
$
675

$
640

 
$
675

$
640

Gross unrealized losses
Gross unrealized losses have generally decreased since December 31, 2010, but those that have been in unrealized loss position for 12 months or more have increased slightly. As of June 30, 2011, the Firm does not intend to sell the securities with a loss position in AOCI, and it is not likely that the Firm will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Except for the securities reported in the table above for which credit losses have been recognized in income, the Firm believes that the securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI are not other-than-temporarily impaired as of June 30, 2011.
Following is a description of the Firm’s principal investment securities with the most significant unrealized losses that have been existing for 12 months or more as of June 30, 2011, and the key assumptions used in the Firm’s estimate of the present value of the cash flows most likely to be collected from these investments.
Mortgage-backed securities – Prime and Alt-A nonagency
As of June 30, 2011, gross unrealized losses related to prime and Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities issued by private issuers were $180 million, of which $179 million related to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Approximately 58% of the total portfolio (by amortized cost) are currently rated below investment-grade; the Firm has recorded OTTI losses on 66% of the below investment-grade positions. The majority of OTTI has been attributed to securities that are primarily backed by mortgages with higher credit risk characteristics based on collateral type, vintage and geographic concentration. The remaining securities that are below investment-grade that have not experienced OTTI generally either do not possess all of these characteristics or have sufficient credit enhancements to protect the investment. The average credit enhancements associated with the below investment-grade and investment-grade positions are 8% and 44%, respectively. In analyzing prime and Alt-A residential mortgage-backed securities for potential credit losses, the Firm uses a methodology that focuses on loan-level detail to estimate future cash flows, which are then allocated to the various tranches of the securities. The loan-level analysis primarily considers current home value, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, loan type and geographical location of the underlying property to forecast prepayment, home price, default rate and loss severity. The forecasted weighted average underlying default rate on the positions was 24%, and the related weighted average loss severity was 47%. Based on this analysis, an OTTI loss of $13 million and $43 million was recognized for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, on certain securities related to higher loss assumptions. Overall unrealized losses have decreased since December 31, 2010, with the recovery in security prices resulting from increased demand for higher-yielding asset classes and a deceleration in the pace of home price declines due in part to the U.S. government programs to facilitate financing and to spur home purchases. The unrealized loss of $180 million is considered temporary, based on management’s assessment that the estimated future cash flows together with the credit enhancement levels for those securities remain sufficient to support the Firm’s investment.

130





Mortgage-backed securities – Non-U.S.
As of June 30, 2011, gross unrealized losses related to non-U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities were $317 million, of which $230 million related to securities that have been in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Substantially all of these securities are rated “AAA,” “AA” or “A” and represent mortgage exposures to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The key assumptions used in analyzing non-U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities for potential credit losses include credit enhancements, recovery rates, default rates, and constant prepayment rates. Credit enhancement is primarily in the form of subordination, which is a form of structural credit enhancement where realized losses associated with assets held in an issuing vehicle are allocated to the various tranches of securities issued by the vehicle considering their relative seniority. Credit enhancement in the form of subordination was approximately 10% of the outstanding principal balance of securitized mortgage loans, compared with expected lifetime losses of 1.5% of the outstanding principal. In determining potential credit losses, assumptions included recovery rates of 60%, default rates of 0.25% to 0.5% and constant prepayment rates of 15% to 20%. The unrealized loss is considered temporary, based on management's assessment that the estimated future cash flows together with the credit enhancement levels for those securities remain sufficient to support the Firm's investment.
Asset-backed securities – Collateralized loan obligations
As of June 30, 2011, gross unrealized losses related to CLOs were $117 million, of which $113 million related to securities that were in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more. Overall losses have decreased since December 31, 2010, mainly as a result of lower default forecasts and spread tightening across various asset classes. Substantially all of these securities are rated “AAA,” “AA” or “A” and have an average credit enhancement of 30%. The key assumptions considered in analyzing potential credit losses were underlying loan and debt security defaults and loss severity. Based on current default trends for the collateral underlying the securities, the Firm assumed collateral default rates of 2% for the second quarter of 2011, and 4% thereafter. Further, loss severities were assumed to be 48% for loans and 82% for debt securities. Losses on collateral were estimated to occur approximately 18 months after default. The unrealized loss is considered temporary, based on management's assessment that the estimated future cash flows together with the credit enhancement levels for those securities remain sufficient to support the Firm's investment.



131





Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at June 30, 2011, of JPMorgan Chase’s AFS and HTM securities by contractual maturity.
 
June 30, 2011
By remaining maturity
(in millions)
Due in one
year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
Total
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
9

$
692

$
3,165

$
175,186

$
179,052

Fair value
9

726

3,194

179,077

183,006

Average yield(b)
5.02
%
4.22
%
2.20
%
3.72
%
3.69
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
1,655

$
3,289

$
1

$
252

$
5,197

Fair value
1,667

3,390

1

229

5,287

Average yield(b)
1.64
%
2.20
%
4.87
%
3.85
%
2.10
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
22

$
261

$
242

$
10,828

$
11,353

Fair value
22

278

263

11,015

11,578

Average yield(b)
1.06
%
4.05
%
4.35
%
4.92
%
4.88
%
Certificates of deposit
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
4,795

$
64

$

$

$
4,859

Fair value
4,797

64



4,861

Average yield(b)
4.54
%
0.96
%
%
%
4.50
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
10,410

$
17,601

$
2,647

$
4

$
30,662

Fair value
10,435

17,725

2,652

4

30,816

Average yield(b)
1.85
%
1.97
%
3.27
%
4.73
%
2.04
%
Corporate debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
23,705

$
25,920

$
6,302

$

$
55,927

Fair value
23,935

25,646

6,225


55,806

Average yield(b)
2.07
%
2.73
%
4.80
%
%
2.68
%
Asset-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
19

$
5,430

$
10,781

$
13,071

$
29,301

Fair value
21

5,681

11,130

13,305

30,137

Average yield(b)
0.03
%
2.87
%
2.28
%
2.23
%
2.36
%
Total available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
40,615

$
53,257

$
23,138

$
199,341

$
316,351

Fair value
40,886

53,510

23,465

203,630

321,491

Average yield(b)
2.28
%
2.49
%
3.09
%
3.68
%
3.26
%
Available-for-sale equity securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$

$

$
3,032

$
3,032

Fair value



3,235

3,235

Average yield(b)
%
%
%
0.32
%
0.32
%
Total available-for-sale securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$
40,615

$
53,257

$
23,138

$
202,373

$
319,383

Fair value
40,886

53,510

23,465

206,865

324,726

Average yield(b)
2.28
%
2.49
%
3.09
%
3.63
%
3.23
%
Total held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
$

$
7

$
7

$
1

$
15

Fair value

7

8

1

16

Average yield(b)
%
6.96
%
6.82
%
6.48
%
6.86
%
(a)
U.S. government agencies and U.S. government-sponsored enterprises were the only issuers whose securities exceeded 10% of JPMorgan Chase’s total stockholders’ equity at June 30, 2011.
(b)
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(c)
Includes securities with no stated maturity. Substantially all of the Firm’s residential mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated duration, which reflects anticipated future prepayments based on a consensus of dealers in the market, is approximately five years for agency residential mortgage-backed securities, three years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations and five years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.

132





NOTE 12 – SECURITIES FINANCING ACTIVITIES
For a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities, see Note 13 on page 219 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. For further information regarding securities borrowed and securities lending agreements for which the fair value option has been elected, see Note 4 on pages 114–116 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table details the Firm’s securities financing agreements, all of which are accounted for as collateralized financings during the periods presented.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
Securities purchased under resale agreements(a)
 
$
213,074

 
 
 
$
222,302

 
Securities borrowed(b)
 
121,493

 
 
 
123,587

 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements(c)
 
$
229,666

 
 
 
$
262,722

 
Securities loaned
 
22,939

 
 
 
10,592

 
(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included resale agreements of $21.3 billion and $20.3 billion, respectively, accounted for at fair value.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included securities borrowed of $14.8 billion and $14.0 billion, respectively, accounted for at fair value.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included repurchase agreements of $6.6 billion and $4.1 billion, respectively, accounted for at fair value.

The amounts reported in the table above were reduced by $109.4 billion and $112.7 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, as a result of agreements in effect that meet the specified conditions for net presentation under applicable accounting guidance.
For further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements, see Note 22 on page 171 of this Form 10-Q.


133





NOTE 13 – LOANS
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit-impaired at the date of acquisition. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”), other than purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans
Loans held-for-sale
Loans at fair value
PCI loans held-for-investment
For a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. See Note 4 on pages 114–116 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. See Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Wholesale; Consumer, excluding credit card; and Credit card. Within each portfolio segment, the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class:
Wholesale(a)
 
Consumer, excluding
credit card(b)
 
Credit card
• Commercial and industrial
• Real estate
• Financial institutions
• Government agencies
• Other
 
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
• Home equity – senior lien
• Home equity – junior lien
• Prime mortgage, including option adjustable-rate mortgages (“ARMs”)
• Subprime mortgage
Other consumer loans
• Auto(c)
• Business banking(c)
• Student and other
Residential real estate – PCI
• Home equity
• Prime mortgage
• Subprime mortgage
• Option ARMs
 
• Chase, excluding accounts originated by Washington Mutual
• Accounts originated by Washington Mutual
(a)
Includes loans reported in IB, Commercial Banking (“CB”), Treasury & Securities Services (“TSS”), Asset Management (“AM”)
and Corporate/Private Equity segments.
(b)
Includes RFS and residential real estate loans reported in the Corporate/Private Equity segment.
(c)
Includes risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by RFS and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included with the other consumer loan classes.











134





The following table summarizes the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment:
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Total
 
Retained
$
244,224

$
315,169

$
125,523

$
684,916

(a) 
Held-for-sale
2,592

221


2,813

 
At fair value
2,007



2,007

 
Total
$
248,823

$
315,390

$
125,523

$
689,736

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2010 (in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Total
 
Retained
$
222,510

$
327,464

$
135,524

$
685,498

(a) 
Held-for-sale
3,147

154

2,152

5,453

 
At fair value
1,976



1,976

 
Total
$
227,633

$
327,618

$
137,676

$
692,927

 
(a)
Loans (other than PCI loans and those for which the fair value option has been selected) are presented net of unearned income, unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan costs of $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, retained loans sold and retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. These tables exclude loans recorded at fair value. On an on-going basis, the Firm manages its exposure to credit risk. Selling loans is one way that the Firm reduces its credit exposures.
Three months ended June 30, 2011, (in millions)
 
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Total
Purchases
 
$
218

$
1,668

$

$
1,886

Sales
 
805

401


1,206

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
123



123

Six months ended June 30, 2011, (in millions)
 
Wholesale
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
Total
Purchases
 
$
341

$
3,660

$

$
4,001

Sales
 
1,682

658


2,340

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
300


1,912

2,212


The following table provides information about gains/(losses) on loan sales by portfolio segment.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Wholesale
$
80

$
51

 
$
141

$
130

Consumer, excluding credit card
28

98

 
53

128

Credit card
(4
)

 
(24
)

Total net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
$
104

$
149

 
$
170

$
258

(a)
Excludes sales related to loans accounted for at fair value.

135





Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of customers from large corporate and institutional clients to certain high-net worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the risk rating assigned each loan. For further information on the risk ratings, see Notes 14 and 15 on pages 220–243 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The table below provides information by class of receivable for the retained loans in the Wholesale portfolio segment.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Loans by risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
Investment grade
$
36,752

$
31,697

 
$
29,425

$
28,504

Noninvestment grade:
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
33,205

30,874

 
16,725

16,425

Criticized performing
2,389

2,371

 
4,805

5,769

Criticized nonaccrual
1,207

1,634

 
1,437

2,937

Total noninvestment grade
36,801

34,879

 
22,967

25,131

Total retained loans
$
73,553

$
66,576

 
$
52,392

$
53,635

% of total criticized to total retained loans
4.89
%
6.02
%
 
11.91
%
16.23
%
% of nonaccrual loans to total retained loans
1.64

2.45

 
2.74

5.48

Loans by geographic distribution(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-U.S.
$
22,025

$
17,731

 
$
1,625

$
1,963

Total U.S.
51,528

48,845

 
50,767

51,672

Total retained loans
$
73,553

$
66,576

 
$
52,392

$
53,635

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan delinquency(b)
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
72,203

$
64,501

 
$
50,752

$
50,299

30-89 days past due and still accruing
140

434

 
155

290

90 or more days past due and still accruing(c)
3

7

 
48

109

Criticized nonaccrual
1,207

1,634

 
1,437

2,937

Total retained loans
$
73,553

$
66,576

 
$
52,392

$
53,635

(a)
U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)
For wholesale loans, the past due status of a loan is generally not a significant indicator of credit quality due to the ongoing review and monitoring of an obligor’s ability to meet contractual obligations. For a discussion of more significant factors, see Note 14 on page 223 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
(c)
Represents loans that are 90 days or more past due as to principal and/or interest, but that are still accruing interest; these loans are considered well-collateralized.
(d)
Other primarily includes loans to special purpose entities and loans to private banking clients. See Note 1 on pages 164–165 of the Firm’s 2010 Annual Report for additional information on SPEs.
The following table presents additional information on the real estate class of loans within the wholesale portfolio segment for the periods indicated. For further information on real estate loans, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
 
Multi-family
 
Commercial lessors
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Real estate retained loans
$
31,226

$
30,604

 
$
14,161

$
15,796

Criticized exposure
3,236

3,798

 
1,902

3,593

% of criticized exposure to total real estate retained loans
10.36
%
12.41
%
 
13.43
%
22.75
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
764

$
1,016

 
$
348

$
1,549

% of criticized nonaccrual to total real estate retained loans
2.45
%
3.32
%
 
2.46
%
9.81
%




136








(table continued from previous page)

Financial
 institutions
 
Government agencies
 
Other(d)
 
Total
retained loans
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
26,848

$
22,525

 
$
6,797

$
6,871

 
$
66,691

$
56,450

 
$
166,513

$
146,047

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,317

8,480

 
360

382

 
6,694

6,012

 
66,301

62,173

198

317

 
4

3

 
652

320

 
8,048

8,780

65

136

 
23

22

 
630

781

 
3,362

5,510

9,580

8,933

 
387

407

 
7,976

7,113

 
77,711

76,463

$
36,428

$
31,458

 
$
7,184

$
7,278

 
$
74,667

$
63,563

 
$
244,224

$
222,510

0.72
%
1.44
%
 
0.38
%
0.34
%
 
1.72
%
1.73
%
 
4.67
%
6.42
%
0.18

0.43

 
0.32

0.30

 
0.84

1.23

 
1.38

2.48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
25,893

$
19,756

 
$
1,175

$
870

 
$
31,351

$
25,831

 
$
82,069

$
66,151

10,535

11,702

 
6,009

6,408

 
43,316

37,732

 
162,155

156,359

$
36,428

$
31,458

 
$
7,184

$
7,278

 
$
74,667

$
63,563

 
$
244,224

$
222,510

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
36,261

$
31,289

 
$
7,158

$
7,222

 
$
73,419

$
61,837

 
$
239,793

$
215,148

100

31

 
3

34

 
599

704

 
997

1,493

2

2

 


 
19

241

 
72

359

65

136

 
23

22

 
630

781

 
3,362

5,510

$
36,428

$
31,458

 
$
7,184

$
7,278

 
$
74,667

$
63,563

 
$
244,224

$
222,510











(table continued from previous page)
Commercial construction and development
 
Other
 
Total real estate loans
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
$
3,078

$
3,395

 
$
3,927

$
3,840

 
$
52,392

$
53,635

445

619

 
659

696

 
6,242

8,706

14.46
%
18.23
%
 
16.78
%
18.13
%
 
11.91
%
16.23
%
$
127

$
174

 
$
198

$
198

 
$
1,437

$
2,937

4.13
%
5.13
%
 
5.04
%
5.16
%
 
2.74
%
5.48
%





137





Wholesale impaired loans and loan modifications
Wholesale impaired loans include loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and/or that have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
The table below set forth information about the Firm’s wholesale impaired loans.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
1,143

$
1,512

 
$
1,077

$
2,510

 
$
44

$
127

 
$
23

$
22

 
$
565

$
697

 
$
2,852

$
4,868

Without an allowance(a)
119

157

 
323

445

 
21

8

 


 
65

8

 
528

618

Total impaired loans
$
1,262

$
1,669

 
$
1,400

$
2,955

 
$
65

$
135

 
$
23

$
22

 
$
630

$
705

 
$
3,380

$
5,486

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans(b)
$
331

$
435

 
$
251

$
825

 
$
14

$
61

 
$
14

$
14

 
$
139

$
239

 
$
749

$
1,574

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(c)
1,979

2,453

 
1,384

3,487

 
132

244

 
23

30

 
1,396

1,046

 
4,914

7,260

(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged-off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
The allowance for impaired loans is included in JPMorgan Chase’s asset-specific allowance for loan losses.
(c)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010 The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the carrying value; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discount or premiums on purchased loans.
The following table presents the Firm’s average impaired loans for the periods indicated.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Commercial and industrial
$
1,426

$
1,574

 
$
1,486

$
1,739

Real estate
2,101

3,399

 
2,421

3,220

Financial institutions
67

270

 
81

391

Government agencies
23

4

 
22

4

Other
635

872

 
635

934

Total(a)
$
4,252

$
6,119

 
$
4,645

$
6,288

(a)
The related interest income on accruing impaired loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
The following table provides information about the Firm’s wholesale loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”). These TDR loans are included as impaired loans in the above tables.
 
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31, 2010
Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings(a)
$
683

$
212

 
$
289

$
907

 
$

$
1

 
$
22

$
22

 
$
6

$
1

 
$
1,000

$
1,143

TDRs on nonaccrual status
628

163

 
273

831

 

1

 
22

22

 
6

1

 
929

1,018

Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs
186

1

 


 


 


 


 
186

1

(a)
These modifications generally provided interest rate concessions to the borrower or deferral of principal repayments.

138





Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, business banking loans, and student and other loans, with a primary focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens and mortgage loans with interest-only payment options to predominantly prime borrowers, as well as certain payment-option loans originated by Washington Mutual that may result in negative amortization.
Consumer loans, other than PCI loans and the risk-rated loans within the business banking and auto portfolios, are generally charged off to the allowance for loan losses upon reaching specified stages of delinquency, in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”) policy.
The table below provides information about consumer retained loans by class, excluding the credit card loan portfolio segment.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
 
 
Home equity:
 
 
Senior lien(a)
$
22,969

$
24,376

Junior lien(b)
59,782

64,009

Mortgages:
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
74,276

74,539

Subprime
10,441

11,287

Other consumer loans
 
 
Auto
46,796

48,367

Business banking
17,141

16,812

Student and other
14,770

15,311

Residential real estate – PCI
 
 
Home equity
23,535

24,459

Prime mortgage
16,200

17,322

Subprime mortgage
5,187

5,398

Option ARMs
24,072

25,584

Total retained loans
$
315,169

$
327,464

(a)
Represents loans where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
(b)
Represents loans where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.     
Delinquency rates are a primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans, excluding credit card. Other indicators that are taken into consideration for consumer loans, excluding credit card, include:
For residential real estate loans, including both non-PCI and PCI portfolios: The current estimated loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio, or the combined LTV ratio in the case of loans with a junior lien, the geographic distribution of the loan collateral, and the borrowers’ current or “refreshed” FICO score.
For scored auto and business banking loans and student loans: Geographic distribution of the loans.
For risk-rated business banking and auto loans: Risk rating of the loan, geographic considerations relevant to the loan and whether the loan is considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
For further information on consumer credit quality indicators, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
The following tables provide information by class for residential real estate – excluding PCI retained loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, portfolio segment. The following factors should be considered in analyzing certain credit statistics applicable to the Firm’s residential real estate – excluding PCI loans portfolio: (i) junior lien home equity loans may be fully charged off when the loan becomes 180 days past due, the borrower is either unable or unwilling to repay the loan, and the value of the collateral does not support the repayment of the loan, resulting in relatively high charge-off rates for this product class; and (ii) the lengthening of loss-mitigation timelines may result in higher delinquency rates for loans carried at estimated collateral value that remain on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

139





Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
22,252

$
23,615

 
$
58,345

$
62,315

30–149 days past due
361

414

 
1,215

1,508

150 or more days past due
356

347

 
222

186

Total retained loans
$
22,969

$
24,376

 
$
59,782

$
64,009

% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
3.12
%
3.12
%
 
2.40
%
2.65
%
90 or more days past due and still accruing
$

$

 
$

$

90 or more days past due and government guaranteed(b)


 


Nonaccrual loans
481

479

 
827

784

Current estimated LTV ratios(c)(d)(e)(f)
 
 
 
 
 
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
$
350

$
363

 
$
6,699

$
6,928

Less than 660
176

196

 
2,251

2,495

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
690

619

 
9,389

9,403

Less than 660
268

249

 
2,745

2,873

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
1,955

1,900

 
12,423

13,333

Less than 660
653

657

 
2,832

3,155

Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
16,199

17,474

 
20,459

22,527

Less than 660
2,678

2,918

 
2,984

3,295

U.S. government-guaranteed


 


Total retained loans
$
22,969

$
24,376

 
$
59,782

$
64,009

Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
3,201

$
3,348

 
$
13,699

$
14,656

New York
3,162

3,272

 
11,658

12,278

Texas
3,290

3,594

 
2,036

2,239

Florida
1,033

1,088

 
3,215

3,470

Illinois
1,553

1,635

 
3,987

4,248

Ohio
1,871

2,010

 
1,438

1,568

New Jersey
708

732

 
3,397

3,617

Michigan
1,101

1,176

 
1,501

1,618

Arizona
1,393

1,481

 
2,738

2,979

Washington
737

776

 
2,017

2,142

All other (g)
4,920

5,264

 
14,096

15,194

Total retained loans
$
22,969

$
24,376

 
$
59,782

$
64,009

(a) Individual delinquency classifications included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies as follows: current and less than 30 days past due includes $3.0 billion and $2.5 billion; 30–149 days past due includes $1.9 billion and $2.5 billion; and 150 or more days past due includes $8.2 billion and $7.9 billion at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(b)    These balances, which are 90 days or more past due but insured by U.S. government agencies, are excluded from nonaccrual loans. In predominately all cases, 100% of the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting agreed servicing guidelines. These amounts are excluded from nonaccrual loans because reimbursement of insured and guaranteed amounts is proceeding normally and is expected to occur. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, these balances included $5.7 billion and $2.8 billion, respectively, of loans that are no longer accruing interest because interest has been curtailed by the U.S. government agencies although, in predominantly all cases, 100% of the principal is still insured. For the remaining balance, interest is being accrued at the guaranteed reimbursement rate.
(c)    Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models utilizing nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates.
(d)    Junior lien represents combined LTV, which considers all available lien positions related to the property. All other products are presented without consideration of subordinate liens on the property.
(e)    Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm at least on a quarterly basis.
(f)    For senior lien home equity loans, prior-period amounts have been restated to the current-period presentation.
(g)    At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $13.1 billion and $12.9 billion, respectively.
(h)    At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $10.1 billion and $10.3 billion, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.


140





(table continued from previous page)
Mortgages
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
 
 
Subprime
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
 
June 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
 
December 31,
2010
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
59,841

 
$
59,223

 
 
$
8,015

$
8,477

 
$
148,453

 
$
153,630

 
3,130

 
4,052

 
 
896

1,184

 
5,602

 
7,158

 
11,305

 
11,264

 
 
1,530

1,626

 
13,413

 
13,423

 
$
74,276

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,441

$
11,287

 
$
167,468

 
$
174,211

 
5.90
%
(h) 
6.68
%
(h) 
 
23.24
%
24.90
%
 
5.35
%
(h) 
5.88
%
(h) 
$

 
$

 
 
$

$

 
$

 
$

 
9,129

 
9,417

 
 


 
9,129

 
9,417

 
4,024

 
4,320

 
 
2,058

2,210

 
7,390

 
7,793

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
3,005

 
$
3,039

 
 
$
360

$
338

 
$
10,414

 
$
10,668

 
1,477

 
1,595

 
 
1,120

1,153

 
5,024

 
5,439

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,683

 
4,733

 
 
528

506

 
15,290

 
15,261

 
1,793

 
1,775

 
 
1,446

1,486

 
6,252

 
6,383

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10,251

 
10,720

 
 
881

925

 
25,510

 
26,878

 
2,674

 
2,786

 
 
1,761

1,955

 
7,920

 
8,553

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32,669

 
32,385

 
 
1,989

2,252

 
71,316

 
74,638

 
4,625

 
4,557

 
 
2,356

2,672

 
12,643

 
13,442

 
13,099

 
12,949

 
 


 
13,099

 
12,949

 
$
74,276

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,441

$
11,287

 
$
167,468

 
$
174,211

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
18,580

 
$
19,278

 
 
$
1,601

$
1,730

 
$
37,081

 
$
39,012

 
9,817

 
9,587

 
 
1,288

1,381

 
25,925

 
26,518

 
2,731

 
2,569

 
 
323

345

 
8,380

 
8,747

 
4,688

 
4,840

 
 
1,309

1,422

 
10,245

 
10,820

 
3,892

 
3,765

 
 
424

468

 
9,856

 
10,116

 
452

 
462

 
 
254

275

 
4,015

 
4,315

 
2,016

 
2,026

 
 
491

534

 
6,612

 
6,909

 
943

 
963

 
 
266

294

 
3,811

 
4,051

 
1,248

 
1,320

 
 
221

244

 
5,600

 
6,024

 
1,979

 
2,056

 
 
230

247

 
4,963

 
5,221

 
27,930

 
27,673

 
 
4,034

4,347

 
50,980

 
52,478

 
$
74,276

 
$
74,539

 
 
$
10,441

$
11,287

 
$
167,468

 
$
174,211

 

Residential real estate impaired loans and loan modifications – excluding PCI loans
The Firm is participating in the U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable (“MHA”) programs and is continuing to expand its other loss-mitigation efforts for financially distressed borrowers who do not qualify for the MHA programs. For further information, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

141





The tables below set forth information about the Firm’s residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI. These loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q.
 
Home equity
 
Mortgages
 
 
 
Senior lien
 
Junior lien
 
Prime, including
option ARMs
 
Subprime
 
Total residential real
estate – excluding PCI
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
244

$
211

 
$
489

$
258

 
$
2,812

$
1,525

 
$
2,666

$
2,563

 
$
6,211

$
4,557

Without an allowance(c)
17

15

 
28

25

 
578

559

 
177

188

 
800

787

Total impaired loans(d)
$
261

$
226

 
$
517

$
283

 
$
3,390

$
2,084

 
$
2,843

$
2,751

 
$
7,011

$
5,344

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
82

$
77

 
$
148

$
82

 
$
78

$
97

 
$
512

$
555

 
$
820

$
811

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(e)
320

265

 
715

402

 
4,308

2,751

 
4,079

3,777

 
9,422

7,195

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
53

38

 
232

63

 
698

534

 
695

632

 
1,678

1,267

(a)
Represents loans modified in a TDR. These modifications generally provided interest rate concessions to the borrower or deferral of principal repayments.
(b)
There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
(c)
When discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance.     This result typically occurs when an impaired loan has been partially charged off.
(d)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, $3.5 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), Rural Housing Administration (“RHA”)) were excluded from loans accounted for as TDRs. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure.
(e)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.

The following table presents average impaired loans and the related interest income reported by the Firm.
Three months ended June 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis(a)
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior lien
$
245

$
221

 
$
2

$
3

 
$
1

$
1

Junior lien
469

255

 
4

5

 
1

1

Mortgages
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
3,216

1,365

 
33

12

 
3

4

Subprime
2,787

2,475

 
37

29

 
3

6

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
6,717

$
4,316

 
$
76

$
49

 
$
8

$
12


Six months ended June 30,
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis(a)
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Home equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior lien
$
238

$
193

 
$
5

$
5

 
$
1

$
1

Junior lien
411

262

 
8

8

 
1

1

Mortgages
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime, including option ARMs
2,848

1,171

 
59

29

 
6

5

Subprime
2,769

2,340

 
71

56

 
6

10

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
6,266

$
3,966

 
$
143

$
98

 
$
14

$
17

(a) Generally, interest income on loans modified in a TDR is recognized on a cash basis until such time as the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms. As of June 30, 2011 and 2010, loans of $938 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, were TDRs for which the borrowers had not yet made six payments under their modified terms.

142





Other consumer loans
The tables below provide information for other consumer retained loan classes, including auto, business banking and student loans.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Student and other
 
Total other consumer
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30, 2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
 
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
 
Dec 31,
2010
 
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
46,339

$
47,778

 
$
16,658

$
16,240

 
$
13,554

 
$
13,998

 
$
76,551

 
$
78,016

 
30–119 days past due
450

579

 
299

351

 
742

 
795

 
1,491

 
1,725

 
120 or more days past due
7

10

 
184

221

 
474

 
518

 
665

 
749

 
Total retained loans
$
46,796

$
48,367

 
$
17,141

$
16,812

 
$
14,770

 
$
15,311

 
$
78,707

 
$
80,490

 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.98
%
1.22
%
 
2.82
%
3.40
%
 
1.68
%
(d) 
1.61
%
(d) 
1.51
%
(d) 
1.75
%
(d) 
90 or more days past due and still accruing (b)
$

$

 
$

$

 
$
558

 
$
625

 
$
558

 
$
625

 
Nonaccrual loans
111

141

 
770

832

 
79

 
67

 
960

 
1,040

 
Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
4,260

$
4,307

 
$
1,114

$
851

 
$
1,286

 
$
1,330

 
$
6,660

 
$
6,488

 
New York
3,616

3,875

 
2,865

2,877

 
1,267

 
1,305

 
7,748

 
8,057

 
Texas
4,423

4,505

 
2,612

2,550

 
1,219

 
1,273

 
8,254

 
8,328

 
Florida
1,833

1,923

 
248

220

 
696

 
722

 
2,777

 
2,865

 
Illinois
2,413

2,608

 
1,331

1,320

 
915

 
940

 
4,659

 
4,868

 
Ohio
2,738

2,961

 
1,602

1,647

 
970

 
1,010

 
5,310

 
5,618

 
New Jersey
1,804

1,842

 
233

422

 
488

 
502

 
2,525

 
2,766

 
Michigan
2,308

2,434

 
1,387

1,401

 
699

 
729

 
4,394

 
4,564

 
Arizona
1,526

1,499

 
1,190

1,218

 
366

 
387

 
3,082

 
3,104

 
Washington
731

716

 
142

115

 
270

 
279

 
1,143

 
1,110

 
All other
21,144

21,697

 
4,417

4,191

 
6,594

 
6,834

 
32,155

 
32,722

 
Total retained loans
$
46,796

$
48,367

 
$
17,141

$
16,812

 
$
14,770

 
$
15,311

 
$
78,707

 
$
80,490

 
Loans by risk ratings(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
$
5,702

$
5,803

 
$
11,114

$
10,351

 
NA

 
NA

 
$
16,816

 
$
16,154

 
Criticized performing
191

265

 
827

982

 
NA

 
NA

 
1,018

 
1,247

 
Criticized nonaccrual
1

12

 
557

574

 
NA

 
NA

 
558

 
586

 
(a)
Loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) are included in the delinquency classifications presented based on their payment status. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform to the current-period presentation.
(b)
These amounts represent student loans, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP. These amounts were accruing as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.
(c)
For risk-rated business banking and auto loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the risk rating of the loan, including whether the loans are considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
(d)
June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluded loans 30 days or more past due and still accruing, which are insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP, of $968 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. These amounts were excluded as reimbursement of insured amounts is proceeding normally.














143





Other consumer impaired loans
The tables below set forth information about the Firm’s other consumer impaired loans, including risk-rated business banking and auto loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status, and any loan that has been modified in a TDR.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer(c)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
88

$
102

 
$
758

$
774

 
$
846

$
876

Without an allowance(a)
1


 


 
1


Total impaired loans
$
89

$
102

 
$
758

$
774

 
$
847

$
876

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
12

$
16

 
$
217

$
248

 
$
229

$
264

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(b)
122

132

 
872

899

 
994

1,031

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
39

50

 
598

647

 
637

697

(a)
When discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, then the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the principal balance; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
(c)
There were no impaired student and other loans at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.

The following table presents average impaired loans.
 
Average impaired loans(b)
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Auto
$
92

$
130

 
$
95

$
128

Business banking
764

646

 
768

578

Total other consumer(a)
$
856

$
776

 
$
863

$
706

(a) There were no student and other loans modified in TDRs at June 30, 2011 and 2010.
(b) The related interest income on impaired loans, including those on cash basis, was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
The following table provides information about the Firm’s other consumer loans modified in TDRs. These TDR loans are included as impaired loans in the tables above.
 
Auto
 
Business banking
 
Total other consumer(c)
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31, 2010
Loans modified in troubled debt restructurings(a)(b)
$
88

$
91

 
$
429

$
395

 
$
517

$
486

TDRs on nonaccrual status
38

39

 
269

268

 
307

307

(a)
These modifications generally provided interest rate concessions to the borrower or deferral of principal repayments.
(b)
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010 were immaterial.
(c)
There were no student and other loans modified in TDRs at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.

















144





Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans
For a detailed discussion of PCI loans, including the related accounting policies, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – PCI loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s consumer, excluding credit card PCI loans.
 
Home equity
 
Prime mortgage
 
Subprime mortgage
 
Option ARMs
 
Total PCI
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Carrying value(a)
$
23,535

$
24,459

 
$
16,200

$
17,322

 
$
5,187

$
5,398

 
$
24,072

$
25,584

 
$
68,994

$
72,763

Related allowance for loan losses(b)
1,583

1,583

 
1,766

1,766

 
98

98

 
1,494

1,494

 
4,941

4,941

Loan delinquency (based on unpaid principal balance)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due
$
24,223

$
25,783

 
$
12,396

$
13,035

 
$
4,364

$
4,312

 
$
18,208

$
18,672

 
$
59,191

$
61,802

30–149 days past due
1,114

1,348

 
1,129

1,468

 
793

1,020

 
1,636

2,215

 
4,672

6,051

150 or more days past due
1,274

1,181

 
3,948

4,425

 
2,520

2,710

 
8,601

9,904

 
16,343

18,220

Total loans
$
26,611

$
28,312

 
$
17,473

$
18,928

 
$
7,677

$
8,042

 
$
28,445

$
30,791

 
$
80,206

$
86,073

% of 30+ days past due to total loans
8.97
%
8.93
%
 
29.06
%
31.13
%
 
43.15
%
46.38
%
 
35.99
%
39.36
%
 
26.20
%
28.20
%
Current estimated LTV ratios (based on unpaid principal balance)(c)(d)(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
$
6,066

$
6,289

 
$
2,168

$
2,400

 
$
450

$
432

 
$
2,377

$
2,681

 
$
11,061

$
11,802

Less than 660
3,635

4,043

 
2,604

2,744

 
2,072

2,129

 
5,595

6,330

 
13,906

15,246

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
5,733

6,053

 
3,466

3,815

 
424

424

 
4,016

4,292

 
13,639

14,584

Less than 660
2,546

2,696

 
2,814

3,011

 
1,661

1,663

 
4,695

5,005

 
11,716

12,375

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
3,704

3,995

 
1,870

1,970

 
341

374

 
3,849

4,152

 
9,764

10,491

Less than 660
1,383

1,482

 
1,690

1,857

 
1,365

1,477

 
3,418

3,551

 
7,856

8,367

Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
2,503

2,641

 
1,306

1,443

 
178

186

 
2,163

2,281

 
6,150

6,551

Less than 660
1,041

1,113

 
1,555

1,688

 
1,186

1,357

 
2,332

2,499

 
6,114

6,657

Total unpaid principal balance
$
26,611

$
28,312

 
$
17,473

$
18,928

 
$
7,677

$
8,042

 
$
28,445

$
30,791

 
$
80,206

$
86,073

Geographic region (based on unpaid principal balance)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
16,002

$
17,012

 
$
9,981

$
10,891

 
$
1,824

$
1,971

 
$
14,811

$
16,130

 
$
42,618

$
46,004

New York
1,245

1,316

 
1,064

1,111

 
721

736

 
1,623

1,703

 
4,653

4,866

Texas
487

525

 
176

194

 
420

435

 
147

155

 
1,230

1,309

Florida
2,449

2,595

 
1,407

1,519

 
880

906

 
3,581

3,916

 
8,317

8,936

Illinois
591

627

 
535

562

 
427

438

 
741

760

 
2,294

2,387

Ohio
34

38

 
86

91

 
119

122

 
119

131

 
358

382

New Jersey
506

540

 
467

486

 
308

316

 
1,020

1,064

 
2,301

2,406

Michigan
88

95

 
255

279

 
199

214

 
297

345

 
839

933

Arizona
504

539

 
299

359

 
145

165

 
441

528

 
1,389

1,591

Washington
1,445

1,535

 
422

451

 
174

178

 
704

745

 
2,745

2,909

All other
3,260

3,490

 
2,781

2,985

 
2,460

2,561

 
4,961

5,314

 
13,462

14,350

Total unpaid principal balance
$
26,611

$
28,312

 
$
17,473

$
18,928

 
$
7,677

$
8,042

 
$
28,445

$
30,791

 
$
80,206

$
86,073

(a)
Carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition.
(b)
Management concluded as part of the Firm’s regular assessment of the PCI loan pools that it was probable that higher expected principal credit losses would result in a decrease in expected cash flows. As a result, an allowance for loan losses for impairment of these pools has been recognized.
(c)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models utilizing nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions related to the property.
(d)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score obtained by the Firm. The Firm obtains refreshed FICO scores at least quarterly.
(e)
For home equity loans, prior-period amounts have been restated to conform to the current-period presentation.



145





The table below sets forth the accretable yield activity for the Firm’s PCI consumer loans for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and represents the Firm’s estimate of gross interest income expected to be earned over the remaining life of the PCI loan portfolios. This table excludes the cost to fund the PCI portfolios, and therefore does not represent net interest income expected to be earned on these portfolios.
 
Total PCI
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
 Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Beginning balance
$
18,816

$
20,571

 
$
19,097

$
25,544

Accretion into interest income
(706
)
(787
)
 
(1,410
)
(1,673
)
Changes in interest rates on variable-rate loans
(181
)
(333
)
 
(213
)
(727
)
Other changes in expected cash flows(a)
154

170

 
609

(3,523
)
Balance at June 30
$
18,083

$
19,621

 
$
18,083

$
19,621

Accretable yield percentage
4.36
%
4.20
%
 
4.32
%
4.39
%
(a)
Other changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Firm continues to refine its cash flow model and periodically updates model assumptions. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, other changes in expected cash flows were principally driven by changes in prepayment assumptions. For the six months ended June 30, 2010, other changes in expected cash flows were principally driven by changes in prepayment assumptions, as well as reclassification to the nonaccretable difference. Changes to prepayment assumptions change the expected remaining life of the portfolio, which drives changes in expected future interest cash collections. Such changes do not have a significant impact on the accretable yield percentage.
The factors that most significantly affect estimates of gross cash flows expected to be collected, and accordingly the accretable yield balance, include: (i) changes in the benchmark interest rate indices for variable-rate products such as option ARM and home equity loans; and (ii) changes in prepayment assumptions.
Since the date of acquisition, the decrease in the accretable yield percentage has been primarily related to a decrease in interest rates on variable-rate loans and, to a lesser extent, extended loan liquidation periods. Certain events, such as extended loan liquidation periods, affect the timing of expected cash flows but not the amount of cash expected to be received (i.e., the accretable yield balance). Extended loan liquidation periods reduce the accretable yield percentage because the same accretable yield balance is recognized against a higher-than-expected loan balance over a longer-than-expected period of time.



146





Credit card loan portfolio
The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm, including those acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans. In addition to delinquency rates, the geographic distribution of the loans provides insight as to the credit quality of the portfolio based on the regional economy.
The borrower’s credit score is another general indicator of credit quality. Because the credit score tends to be a lagging indicator of credit quality, the Firm does not use credit scores as a primary indicator of credit quality. For more information on credit quality indicators, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The Firm generally originates new card accounts to prime consumer borrowers. However, certain cardholders’ refreshed FICO scores may change over time, depending on the performance of the cardholder and changes in credit score technology.
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s Credit Card loans.
 
Chase, excluding
Washington Mutual portfolio(c)
 
Washington Mutual
portfolio(c)
 
Total credit card
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
$
110,676

$
117,248

 
$
11,107

$
12,670

 
$
121,783

$
129,918

30 - 89 days past due and still accruing
1,487

2,092

 
301

459

 
1,788

2,551

90 or more days past due and still accruing
1,601

2,449

 
349

604

 
1,950

3,053

Nonaccrual loans
2

2

 


 
2

2

Total retained loans
$
113,766

$
121,791

 
$
11,757

$
13,733

 
$
125,523

$
135,524

Loan delinquency ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans
2.71
%
3.73
%
 
5.53
%
7.74
%
 
2.98
%
4.14
%
% of 90 plus days past due to total retained loans
1.41

2.01

 
2.97

4.40

 
1.55

2.25

Credit card loans by geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
14,421

$
15,454

 
$
2,256

$
2,650

 
$
16,677

$
18,104

New York
9,000

9,540

 
885

1,032

 
9,885

10,572

Texas
8,812

9,217

 
868

1,006

 
9,680

10,223

Florida
6,192

6,724

 
987

1,165

 
7,179

7,889

Illinois
6,648

7,077

 
466

542

 
7,114

7,619

New Jersey
4,743

5,070

 
422

494

 
5,165

5,564

Ohio
4,622

5,035

 
343

401

 
4,965

5,436

Pennsylvania
4,123

4,521

 
364

424

 
4,487

4,945

Michigan
3,595

3,956

 
233

273

 
3,828

4,229

Virginia
2,841

3,020

 
254

295

 
3,095

3,315

Georgia
2,596

2,834

 
339

398

 
2,935

3,232

Washington
1,959

2,053

 
380

438

 
2,339

2,491

All other
44,214

47,290

 
3,960

4,615

 
48,174

51,905

Total retained loans
$
113,766

$
121,791

 
$
11,757

$
13,733

 
$
125,523

$
135,524

Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
82.7
%
80.6
%
 
60.4
%
56.4
%
 
80.4
%
77.9
%
Less than 660
17.3

19.4

 
39.6

43.6

 
19.6

22.1

(a)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance. Under guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC"), credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specified event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
(b)
Refreshed FICO scores are estimated based on a statistically significant random sample of credit card accounts in the credit card portfolio for the period shown. The Firm obtains refreshed FICO scores at least quarterly.
(c)
Includes billed finance charges and fees net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts.

147





Credit card impaired loans
For a detailed discussion of impaired credit card loans, including credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 on pages 220–238 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The tables below set forth information about the Firm’s impaired credit card loans. All of these loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in TDRs. Based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average ultimate default rate for modified credit card loans was 37.40% at June 30, 2011 and 36.45% at December 31, 2010.
 
Chase, excluding
Washington Mutual
portfolio
 
Washington Mutual
portfolio
 
Total credit card
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
Jun 30,
2011
Dec 31,
2010
Impaired loans with an allowance(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card loans with modified payment terms(c)
$
5,820

$
6,685

 
$
1,345

$
1,570

 
$
7,165

$
8,255

Modified credit card loans that have reverted to pre-modification payment terms(d)
1,083

1,439

 
236

311

 
1,319

1,750

Total impaired loans
$
6,903

$
8,124

 
$
1,581

$
1,881

 
$
8,484

$
10,005

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
2,765

$
3,175

 
$
686

$
894

 
$
3,451

$
4,069

(a)
The carrying value and the unpaid principal balance are the same for credit card impaired loans.
(b)
There were no impaired loans without an allowance.
(c)
Represents credit card loans outstanding to borrowers enrolled in a credit card modification program as of the date presented.
(d)
Represents credit card loans that were modified in TDRs but that have subsequently reverted back to the loans’ pre-modification payment terms. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, approximately $850 million and $1.2 billion, respectively, of loans have reverted back to the pre-modification payment terms of the loans due to noncompliance with the terms of the modified loans. A substantial portion of these loans is expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. The remaining $469 million and $590 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, of these loans are to borrowers who have successfully completed a short-term modification program. The Firm continues to report these loans as TDRs since the borrowers’ credit lines remain closed.
The following table presents average balances of impaired credit card loans and interest income recognized on those loans.
 
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on impaired loans(a) 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Chase, excluding Washington Mutual portfolio
$
7,205

$
8,965

 
$
7,456

$
8,938

 
$
94

$
121

 
$
195

$
240

Washington Mutual portfolio
1,659

2,022

 
1,721

1,997

 
27

31

 
56

62

Total credit card
$
8,864

$
10,987

 
$
9,177

$
10,935

 
$
121

$
152

 
$
251

$
302

(a)
As permitted by regulatory guidance, credit card loans are generally exempt from being placed on nonaccrual status; accordingly, interest and fees related to credit card loans continue to accrue until the loan is charged off or paid in full. However, the Firm separately establishes an allowance for the estimated uncollectible portion of billed and accrued interest and fee income on credit card loans.

148





NOTE 14 – ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
For detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies, see Note 15 on pages 239–243 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Allowance for credit losses and loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
The table below summarizes information about the allowance for loan losses and the loans by impairment methodology.
 
2011
 
2010
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer,
excluding
credit card
 
Credit card
Total
 
Wholesale
Consumer,
excluding
credit card
 
Credit card
Total
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
4,761

$
16,471

 
$
11,034

$
32,266

 
$
7,145

$
14,785

 
$
9,672

$
31,602

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(a)


 


 
14

127

 
7,353

7,494

Gross charge-offs
387

2,817

 
4,762

7,966

 
1,278

4,429

 
8,945

14,652

Gross recoveries
(142
)
(275
)
 
(726
)
(1,143
)
 
(88
)
(228
)
 
(712
)
(1,028
)
Net charge-offs
245

2,542

 
4,036

6,823

 
1,190

4,201

 
8,233

13,624

Provision for loan losses
(414
)
2,446

 
1,036

3,068

 
(812
)
5,450

 
5,733

10,371

Other
(11
)
12

 
8

9

 
(9
)
3

 
(1
)
(7
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
4,091

$
16,387

 
$
8,042

$
28,520

 
$
5,148

$
16,164

 
$
14,524

$
35,836

Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(b)(c)(d)
$
749

$
1,049

 
$
3,451

$
5,249

 
$
1,324

$
1,091

 
$
4,846

$
7,261

Formula-based(d)
3,342

10,397

 
4,591

18,330

 
3,824

12,262

 
9,678

25,764

PCI

4,941

 

4,941

 

2,811

 

2,811

Total allowance for loan losses
$
4,091

$
16,387

 
$
8,042

$
28,520

 
$
5,148

$
16,164

 
$
14,524

$
35,836

Loans by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
3,380

$
7,858

 
$
8,484

$
19,722

 
$
5,661

$
5,428

 
$
10,887

$
21,976

Formula-based
240,790

238,317

 
117,039

596,146

 
207,232

256,900

 
132,107

596,239

PCI
54

68,994

 

69,048

 
94

76,901

 

76,995

Total retained loans
$
244,224

$
315,169

 
$
125,523

$
684,916

 
$
212,987

$
339,229

 
$
142,994

$
695,210

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired collateral-dependent loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs(e)
$
59

$
53

 
$

$
112

 
$
297

$
227

 
$

$
524

Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell(e)
1,144

863

(f) 

2,007

 
2,064

801

(f) 

2,865

(a)
Effective January 1, 2010, the Firm adopted accounting guidance related to VIEs. Upon adoption of the guidance, the Firm consolidated its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts, its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits and certain other consumer loan securitization entities, primarily mortgage-related. As a result, $7.4 billion, $14 million and $127 million, respectively, of allowance for loan losses were recorded on-balance sheet with the consolidation of these entities. For further discussion, see Note 16 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
(b)
Relates to risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring.
(c)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the asset-specific consumer excluding credit card allowance for loan losses included troubled debt restructuring reserves of $962 million and $946 million, respectively. The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses is related to loans modified in TDRs.
(d)
At June 30, 2011 and 2010, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses on all impaired credit card loans was reclassified to the asset-specific allowance. This reclassification has no incremental impact on the Firm’s allowance for loan losses. Prior periods have been revised to reflect the current presentation.
(e)
Prior periods have been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(f)
Includes collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans that are charged off to the fair value of the underlying collateral less cost to sell. These loans are considered collateral-dependent under regulatory guidance because they involve modifications where an interest-only period is provided or a significant portion of principal is deferred.














149





The table below summarizes information about the allowance for lending-related commitments and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology.
 
2011
 
2010
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Wholesale
Consumer,
excluding
credit card
Credit Card
Total
 
Wholesale
Consumer,
excluding
credit card
Credit Card
Total
Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
711

$
6

 
$

$
717

 
$
927

$
12

 
$

$
939

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles(a)


 


 
(18
)

 

(18
)
Provision for lending-related commitments
(89
)

 

(89
)
 
4

(2
)
 

2

Other
(2
)

 

(2
)
 
(11
)

 

(11
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
620

$
6

 
$

$
626

 
$
902

$
10

 
$

$
912

Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
144

$

 
$

$
144

 
$
248

$

 
$

$
248

Formula-based
476

6

 

482

 
654

10

 

664

Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
620

$
6

 
$

$
626

 
$
902

$
10

 
$

$
912

Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
793

$

 
$

$
793

 
$
1,195

$

 
$

$
1,195

Formula-based
364,896

64,649

 
535,625

965,170

 
323,357

69,499

 
550,442

943,298

Total lending-related commitments
$
365,689

$
64,649

 
$
535,625

$
965,963

 
$
324,552

$
69,499

 
$
550,442

$
944,493

(a)
Effective January 1, 2010, the Firm adopted accounting guidance related to VIEs. Upon adoption of the guidance, the Firm consolidated its administered multi-seller conduits. As a result, related assets are now primarily recorded in loans and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.


150





NOTE 15 – VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES
For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation of VIEs, and a detailed discussion of the Firm’s principal involvement with VIEs, see Note 1 on pages 164–165, and Note 16 on pages 244–259, respectively, of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment.
Line-of-Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q
page reference
Card Services
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased credit card receivables
151
RFS
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of originated and purchased residential mortgages, automobile and student loans
151–153
IB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, automobile and student loans
151–153
 
Multi-seller conduits
Investor intermediation activities:
Assist clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structures transactions to meet investor needs
153
 
Municipal bond vehicles
 
153–154
 
Credit-related note and asset swap vehicles
 
154
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties, as described on page 154 of this Note and on page 253 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Significant Firm-sponsored variable interest entities
Credit card securitizations
For a more detailed discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s involvement with credit card securitizations, see pages 245–246 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts. This includes the Firm’s primary card securitization trust, Chase Issuance Trust. The Firm consolidated $52.7 billion and $68.5 billion of assets held by Firm-sponsored credit-card securitization trusts and $35.7 billion and $44.3 billion of beneficial interests issued to third parties at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
The underlying securitized credit card receivables and other assets are available only for payment of the beneficial interests issued by the securitization trusts; they are not available to pay the Firm’s other obligations or the claims of the Firm’s other creditors.
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
For a detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts, as well as the accounting treatment related to such trusts, see Note 16 on page 246 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table presents the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities in which the Firm has continuing involvement, including those that are consolidated or not consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans; holding senior interests or subordinated interests; recourse or guarantee arrangements; and derivative transactions. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. In the table below, the amount of beneficial interests held by JPMorgan Chase does not equal the assets held in nonconsolidated VIEs because of the existence of beneficial interests held by third parties, which are reflected at their current outstanding par amounts; and because a portion of the Firm’s retained interests (trading assets and AFS securities) are reflected at their fair values. See Securitization activity on pages 156–158 of this Note for further information regarding the Firm’s cash flows with and interests retained in nonconsolidated VIEs.















151






 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)
June 30, 2011(a) (in billions)
Total assets
held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in
consolidated
securitization
VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading
assets
AFS
securities

Total interests
held by
JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime(b)
$
140.3

$
2.2

$
132.0

 
$
0.7

$

$
0.7

Subprime
41.6

1.4

38.5

 



Option ARMs
33.7

0.3

33.4

 



Commercial and other(c)
144.3


96.4

 
1.6

0.7

2.3

Student
4.3

4.3


 



Total
$
364.2

$
8.2

$
300.3

(i) 
$
2.3

$
0.7

$
3.0


 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(d)(e)(f)(g)(h)
December 31, 2010(a) (in billions)
Total assets
held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in
consolidated
securitization
VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading
assets
AFS
securities

Total interests
held by
JPMorgan Chase
Securitization-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime(b)
$
153.1

$
2.2

$
143.8

 
$
0.7

$

$
0.7

Subprime
44.0

1.6

40.7

 



Option ARMs
36.1

0.3

35.8

 



Commercial and other(c)
153.4


106.2

 
2.0

0.9

2.9

Student
4.5

4.5


 



Total
$
391.1

$
8.6

$
326.5

(i) 
$
2.7

$
0.9

$
3.6

(a)
Excludes loan sales to U.S. government agencies. See page 157 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
(b)
Includes Alt-A loans.
(c)
Consists of securities backed by commercial loans (predominantly real estate) and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables purchased from third parties. The Firm generally does not retain a residual interest in its sponsored commercial mortgage securitization transactions. Includes co-sponsored commercial securitizations and, therefore, includes non-JPMorgan Chase-originated commercial mortgage loans.
(d)
Excludes retained servicing (for a discussion of MSRs, see Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q) and securities retained from loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
(e)
Excludes senior and subordinated securities of $165 million and $28 million, respectively, at June 30, 2011, and $182 million and $18 million, respectively, at December 31, 2010, which the Firm purchased in connection with IB’s secondary market-making activities.
(f)
Excludes interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage the interest rate and foreign exchange risks of the securitization entities. See Note 5 on pages 117–124 of this Form 10-Q for further information on derivatives.
(g)
Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(h)
As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, 66% and 66%, respectively of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are carried at fair value, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. This includes $175 million and $157 million of investment-grade and $480 million and $552 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests in prime residential mortgages at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, and $2.0 billion and $2.6 billion of investment-grade and $282 million and $250 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts.
(i)
The Firm does not consolidate a mortgage securitization when it is not the servicer (and therefore does not have the power to direct the most significant activities of the trust) or does not hold a beneficial interest in the trust that could potentially be significant to the trust. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm did not consolidate any of the assets of the Firm-sponsored nonconsolidated residential mortgage securitization VIEs, in which the Firm has continuing involvement, primarily due to the fact that the Firm did not hold an interest in these trusts that could potentially be significant to the trusts. Additionally, for the commercial mortgage securitization-related VIEs, the Firm does not service the loans, and thus does not consolidate the VIEs.

Re-securitizations
The Firm also engages in certain re-securitization transactions in which debt securities are transferred to a VIE in exchange for new beneficial interests. These transfers occur to both agency (Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae) and nonagency (private-label) sponsored VIEs, which may be backed by either residential or commercial mortgages. The Firm’s consolidation analysis is largely dependent on the Firm’s role and interest in the re-securitization trusts.

152





Most re-securitizations with which the Firm is involved are client-driven transactions in which a specific client or group of clients are seeking a specific return or risk profile. For these transactions, the Firm has concluded that the decision-making power of the entity is shared between the Firm and its client(s), considering the joint effort and decisions in establishing the re-securitization trust and its assets, as well as the significant economic interest the client holds in the re-securitization trust; therefore the Firm does not consolidate the re-securitization VIE.
In more limited circumstances, the Firm creates a re-securitization trust independently and not in conjunction with specific clients. In these circumstances, the Firm is deemed to have the unilateral ability to direct the most significant activities of the re-securitization trust because of the decisions made during the establishment and design of the trust; therefore, the Firm consolidates the re-securitization VIE if the Firm holds an interest that could potentially be significant.
Additionally, the Firm may invest in beneficial interests of third-party securitizations and generally purchases these interests in the secondary market. In these circumstances, the Firm does not have the unilateral ability to direct the most significant activities of the re-securitization trust, either because it wasn’t involved in the initial design of the trust, or the Firm is involved with an independent third party sponsor and demonstrates shared power over the creation of the trust; therefore, the Firm does not consolidate the re-securitization VIE.
As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm did not consolidate any agency re-securitizations. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, the Firm consolidated $357 million and $477 million of assets, and $155 million and $230 million of liabilities of private-label re-securitizations. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, total assets of nonconsolidated Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitizations were $4.5 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, respectively, the Firm transferred $8.5 billion and $17.3 billion of securities to agency VIEs, and zero and $192 million of securities to private-label VIEs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, respectively, the Firm transferred $7.8 billion and $14.3 billion of securities to agency VIEs, and $663 million and $1.0 billion of securities to private-label VIEs. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, the Firm held approximately $2.8 billion and $3.5 billion of interests in nonconsolidated agency re-securitization entities, and $10 million and $46 million of senior and subordinated interests in nonconsolidated private-label re-securitization entities. See pages 158 of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs.
Multi-seller conduits
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with Firm-administered, multi-seller conduits, see Note 16 on pages 249–250 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm consolidates its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, as the Firm has both the power to direct the significant activities of the conduits and a potentially significant economic interest. The Firm consolidated $22.2 billion and $21.7 billion of assets held by Firm-administered multi-seller conduits and $22.2 billion and $21.6 billion of beneficial interests in commercial paper issued to third parties at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
The Firm provides deal-specific liquidity as well as program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement to the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm-administered multi-seller conduits then provide certain of their clients with lending-related commitments. The unfunded portion of these commitments was $11.3 billion and $10.0 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, and are included as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. For more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments, see Note 21 on pages 167–171 of this Form 10-Q.
VIEs associated with investor intermediation activities
Municipal bond vehicles
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with municipal bond vehicles, see Note 16 on pages 250–251 of JPMorgan Chases 2010 Annual Report.
The Firm’s exposure to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, including the ratings profile of the VIEs’ assets, was as follows.
(in billions)
Fair value of assets held by VIEs
Liquidity facilities(a)
Excess/(deficit) (b)
Maximum exposure
Nonconsolidated municipal bond vehicles
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2011
$
12.9

$
7.9

$
5.0

$
7.9

December 31, 2010
13.7

8.8

4.9

8.8



153





 
Ratings profile of VIE assets(c)
Fair
 value of assets held by VIEs
Wt. avg.
expected life of assets (years)
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment grade
(in billions, except where otherwise noted)
AAA to AAA-
AA+ to AA-
A+ to A-
BBB to BB-
 
BB+ and below
June  30, 2011
$
1.7

$
10.5

$
0.7

$

 
$

$
12.9

9.8

December 31, 2010
1.9

11.2

0.6


 

13.7

15.5

(a)
The Firm may serve as credit enhancement provider to municipal bond vehicles in which it serves as liquidity provider. The Firm provided insurance on underlying municipal bonds, in the form of letters of credit, of $10 million at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
(b)
Represents the excess/(deficit) of the fair values of municipal bond assets available to repay the liquidity facilities, if drawn.
(c)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings and is presented on an S&P-equivalent basis.
The Firm consolidated $3.3 billion and $4.6 billion of municipal bond vehicles as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, due to the Firm owning the residual interests.
Credit-related note and asset swap vehicles
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with credit-related note and asset swap vehicles, see Note 16 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Exposure to nonconsolidated credit-related note and asset swap VIEs at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, was as follows.
June 30, 2011 (in billions)
Net derivative receivables
  Trading assets(a)
  Total exposure(b)
Par value of collateral held by VIEs(c)
Credit-related notes
 
 
 
 
Static structure
$
0.7

$

$
0.7

$
10.9

Managed structure
2.1

0.1

2.2

9.5

Total credit-related notes
2.8

0.1

2.9

20.4

Asset swaps
0.4


0.4

7.5

Total
$
3.2

$
0.1

$
3.3

$
27.9

December 31, 2010 (in billions)
Net derivative receivables
  Trading assets(a)
  Total exposure(b)
Par value of collateral held by VIEs(c)
Credit-related notes
 
 
 
 
Static structure
$
1.0

$

$
1.0

$
9.5

Managed structure
2.8


2.8

10.7

Total credit-related notes
3.8


3.8

20.2

Asset swaps
0.3


0.3

7.6

Total
$
4.1

$

$
4.1

$
27.8

(a)
Trading assets principally comprise notes issued by VIEs, which from time to time are held as part of the termination of a deal or to support limited market-making.
(b)
On-balance sheet exposure that includes net derivative receivables and trading assets – debt and equity instruments.
(c)
The Firm’s maximum exposure arises through the derivatives executed with the VIEs; the exposure varies over time with changes in the fair value of the derivatives. The Firm relies on the collateral held by the VIEs to pay any amounts due under the derivatives; the vehicles are structured at inception so that the par value of the collateral is expected to be sufficient to pay amounts due under the derivative contracts.
The Firm consolidated credit-related note vehicles with collateral fair values of $122 million and $142 million, at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The Firm did not consolidate any asset swap vehicles at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The Firm consolidated these vehicles because in its role as secondary market-maker, it held positions in these entities that provided the Firm with control of certain vehicles.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties, as described on page 253 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

154





Investment in a third-party credit card securitization trust
The Firm holds two interests in a third-party-sponsored VIE, which is a credit card securitization trust that owns credit card receivables issued by a national retailer. The Firm is not the primary beneficiary of the trust as the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. The Firm’s interests in the VIEs include investments classified as AFS securities that had a fair value of $2.9 billion and $3.1 billion, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, and other interests which are classified as loans and have a fair value of approximately $1.0 billion at both June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. For more information on AFS securities and loans, see Notes 11 and 13 on pages 128–132 and 134–148, respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
June 30, 2011 (in billions)
Trading assets –
debt and equity instruments
Loans
Other(c) 
Total
assets(d)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
51.7

$
1.0

$
52.7

 
$
35.7

$

$
35.7

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits

21.9

0.3

22.2

 
22.2


22.2

Mortgage securitization entities(a)
1.0

2.6


3.6

 
2.0

1.5

3.5

Other(b)
6.1

4.2

1.4

11.7

 
7.6

0.1

7.7

Total
$
7.1

$
80.4

$
2.7

$
90.2

 
$
67.5

$
1.6

$
69.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
December 31, 2010 (in billions)
Trading assets –
debt and equity instruments
Loans
Other(c) 
Total
assets(d)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(e)
Other(f)
Total
liabilities
VIE program type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
67.2

$
1.3

$
68.5

 
$
44.3

$

$
44.3

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits

21.1

0.6

21.7

 
21.6

0.1

21.7

Mortgage securitization entities(a)
1.8

2.9


4.7

 
2.4

1.6

4.0

Other (b)
8.0

4.4

1.6

14.0

 
9.3

0.3

9.6

Total
$
9.8

$
95.6

$
3.5

$
108.9

 
$
77.6

$
2.0

$
79.6

(a)
Includes residential and commercial mortgage securitizations as well as re-securitizations.
(b)
Primarily comprised of student loans and municipal bonds.
(c)
Includes assets classified as cash, derivative receivables, AFS securities, and other assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(d)
The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The difference between total assets and total liabilities recognized for consolidated VIEs represents the Firm’s interest in the consolidated VIEs for each program type.
(e)
The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities.” The holders of these beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $42.9 billion and $52.6 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The maturities of the long-term beneficial interests as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, were as follows: $13.0 billion and $13.9 billion under one year, $21.4 billion and $29.0 billion between one and five years, and $8.5 billion and $9.7 billion over five years.
(f)
Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Supplemental information on loan securitizations
The Firm securitizes and sells a variety of loans, including residential mortgage, credit card, automobile, student and commercial (primarily related to real estate) loans, as well as debt securities. The primary purposes of these securitization transactions are to satisfy investor demand and to generate liquidity for the Firm.

155





Securitization activity
The following tables provide information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, related to assets held in JPMorgan Chase-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, as sale accounting was achieved based on the accounting rules in effect at the time of the securitization. For the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, there were no mortgage loans that were securitized, except for commercial and other, and there were no cash flows from the Firm to the SPEs related to recourse or guarantee arrangements.
 
Three months ended June 30, 2011
 
Residential mortgage
 
(in millions)
Prime(e)
Subprime
Option ARMs
Commercial
and other
Principal securitized
$

$

$

$
1,447

All cash flows during the period(a):
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from new securitizations(b)



1,530

Servicing fees collected
50

36

100

1

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(c)
297

4

4


Cash flows received on the interests that continue to be held by the Firm(d)
58

4

1

37


 
Three months ended June 30, 2010
 
Residential mortgage
 
(in millions)
Prime(e)
Subprime
Option ARMs
Commercial
and other
Principal securitized
$

$

$

$
562

All cash flows during the period(a):
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from new securitizations(b)
 
 
 
592

Servicing fees collected
89

53

118

1

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(c)
52

6



Cash flows received on the interests that continue to be held by the Firm(d)
73

9

6

30


 
Six months ended June 30, 2011
 
Residential mortgage
 
(in millions)
Prime(e)
Subprime
Option ARMs
Commercial
and other
Principal securitized
$

$

$

$
2,940

All cash flows during the period(a):
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from new securitizations(b)



3,088

Servicing fees collected
114

95

203

2

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(c)
676

10

10


Cash flows received on the interests that continue to be held by the Firm(d)
122

8

2

81


 
Six months ended June 30, 2010
 
Residential mortgage
 
(in millions)
Prime(e)
Subprime
Option ARMs
Commercial
and other
Principal securitized
$

$

$

$
562

All cash flows during the period(a):
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from new securitizations(b)
 
 
 
592

Servicing fees collected
164

99

235

2

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(c)
100

6



Cash flows received on the interests that continue to be held by the Firm(d)
153

19

12

68

(a)
Excludes sales for which the Firm did not securitize the loan (including loans sold to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac).
(b)
Includes $1.5 billion and $592 million, respectively, and $3.1 billion and $592 million, respectively, of proceeds from new securitizations received as securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. These securities were predominantly classified as level 2 of the fair value measurement hierarchy.
(c)
Includes cash paid by the Firm to reacquire assets from the off-balance sheet, nonconsolidated entities - for example, servicer clean-up calls.
(d)
Includes cash flows received on retained interests - including, for example, principal repayments and interest payments.
(e)
Includes Alt-A loans and re-securitization transactions.

156





Loans sold to agencies and other third-party sponsored securitization entities
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans, predominantly to Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the “Agencies”). These loans are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the Agencies, which also provide credit enhancement of the loans through certain guarantee provisions. The Firm does not consolidate these securitization vehicles as it is not the primary beneficiary. In connection with these loan sales, the Firm makes certain representations and warranties. For additional information about the Firm’s loan sale- and securitization-related indemnifications, see Note 21 on pages 167–171 of this Form 10-Q.
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with loans sold to government sponsored agencies and other third-party sponsored securitization entities, see Note 16 on page 257 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to U.S. government sponsored agencies and third-party sponsored securitization entities.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Carrying value of loans sold(a)(b)
$
32,609

$
30,173

 
$
71,856

$
65,547

Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
565

262

 
905

598

Proceeds from loans sales as securities(c)
31,511

29,448

 
69,683

63,818

Total proceeds received from loan sales
$
32,076

$
29,710

 
$
70,588

$
64,416

Gains on loan sales
30

70

 
52

91

(a)
Predominantly to U.S. government agencies.
(b)
MSRs were excluded from the above table. See Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q for further information on originated MSRs.
(c)
Predominantly includes securities from U.S. government agencies that are generally sold shortly after receipt.
Repurchased loans and loans subject to an option to repurchase
When the Firm services loans for Ginnie Mae, it typically has the option to repurchase certain delinquent loans. The Firm also has similar rights in certain arrangements with other U.S. government agencies. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the balance sheet as a loan with an offsetting liability. As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm had recorded on its Consolidated Balance Sheets $13.2 billion and $13.0 billion, respectively, of loans that either have been repurchased or for which the Firm has an option to repurchase from the Agencies. Predominately all of the amounts presented above relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae. Additionally, real estate owned resulting from voluntary repurchases of loans sold to the Agencies was $2.4 billion and $1.9 billion as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. Substantially all of these loans and real estate owned are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, and where applicable, reimbursement is proceeding normally. For additional information, refer to Note 13 on pages 134–148 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

157





JPMorgan Chase’s interest in securitized assets held at fair value
The following table outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, of certain of the Firm’s retained interests in nonconsolidated VIEs (other than MSRs), that are valued using modeling techniques. The table also outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate 10% and 20% adverse changes in assumptions used to determine fair value. For a discussion of MSRs, see Note 16 on pages 159–163 of this Form 10-Q.
June 30, 2011
Residential mortgage
Commercial
and other
(in millions, except rates and where otherwise noted)
Prime(d)
JPMorgan Chase interests in securitized assets(a)(b)
$
656

$
2,315

Weighted-average life (in years)
6.7

2.7

Weighted-average constant prepayment rate(c)
7.1
%
%
 
  CPR

  CPR

Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(11
)
$

Impact of 20% adverse change
(21
)

Weighted-average loss assumption
5.5
%
0.4
%
Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(9
)
$
(83
)
Impact of 20% adverse change
(17
)
(170
)
Weighted-average discount rate
14.0
%
20.6
%
Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(26
)
$
(59
)
Impact of 20% adverse change
(49
)
(107
)
 
 
 
December 31, 2010
Residential mortgage
Commercial
and other
(in millions, except rates and where otherwise noted)
Prime (d)

JPMorgan Chase interests in securitized assets(a)(b)
$
708

$
2,906

Weighted-average life (in years)
5.5

3.3

Weighted-average constant prepayment rate(c)
7.9
%
%
 
   CPR

  CPR

Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(15
)
$

Impact of 20% adverse change
(27
)

Weighted-average loss assumption
5.2
%
2.1
%
Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(12
)
$
(76
)
Impact of 20% adverse change
(21
)
(151
)
Weighted-average discount rate
11.6
%
16.4
%
Impact of 10% adverse change
$
(26
)
$
(69
)
Impact of 20% adverse change
(47
)
(134
)
(a)
The Firm’s interests in subprime securitizations were $21 million and $14 million, as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. Additionally, the Firm had interests in option ARM securitizations of $27 million and $29 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(b)
Includes certain investments acquired in the secondary market but predominantly held for investment purposes.
(c)
CPR: constant prepayment rate. 
(d)
Includes retained interests in Alt-A loans and re-securitization transactions.
The sensitivity analysis in the preceding table is hypothetical. Changes in fair value based on a 10% or 20% variation in assumptions generally cannot be extrapolated easily, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in the table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might counteract or magnify the sensitivities. The above sensitivities also do not reflect risk management practices the Firm may undertake to mitigate such risks.

158





Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about delinquencies, liquidation losses and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
 
 
 
90 days past due
 
Liquidation losses
 
Credit exposure
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
June 30, 2011
Dec 31,
2010
 
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Securitized loans(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime mortgage(b)
$
132,042

$
143,764

 
$
31,444

$
33,093

 
$
1,244

$
1,696

 
$
2,734

$
3,385

Subprime mortgage
38,497

40,721

 
15,186

15,456

 
616

951

 
1,616

2,116

Option ARMs
33,412

35,786

 
10,358

10,788

 
465

637

 
908

1,226

Commercial and other
96,368

106,245

 
5,064

5,791

 
250

116

 
454

143

Total loans securitized(c)
$
300,319

$
326,516

 
$
62,052

$
65,128

 
$
2,575

$
3,400

 
$
5,712

$
6,870

(a)
Total assets held in securitization-related SPEs were $364.2 billion and $391.1 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The $300.3 billion and $326.5 billion of loans securitized at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, excludes: $55.7 billion and $56.0 billion of securitized loans in which the Firm has no continuing involvement and $8.2 billion and $8.6 billion of loan securitizations consolidated on the Firm’s Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively ..
(b)
Includes Alt-A loans.
(c)
Includes securitized loans that were previously recorded at fair value and classified as trading assets.
NOTE 16 – GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
For a discussion of accounting policies related to goodwill and other intangible assets, see Note 17 on pages 260–263 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Goodwill and other intangible assets consist of the following.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Goodwill
$
48,882

$
48,854

Mortgage servicing rights
12,243

13,649

Other intangible assets:
 
 
Purchased credit card relationships
$
744

$
897

Other credit card-related intangibles
558

593

Core deposit intangibles
734

879

Other intangibles
1,643

1,670

Total other intangible assets
$
3,679

$
4,039


Goodwill
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the business segments.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
December 31, 2010
Investment Bank
$
5,250

$
5,278

Retail Financial Services
16,807

16,813

Card Services
14,264

14,205

Commercial Banking
2,864

2,866

Treasury & Securities Services
1,670

1,680

Asset Management
7,650

7,635

Corporate/Private Equity
377

377

Total goodwill
$
48,882

$
48,854


159





The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Balance at beginning of period(a)
$
48,856

 
$
48,359

 
$
48,854

 
$
48,357

Changes during the period from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Business combinations
11

 
10

 
6

 
19

Dispositions

 

 

 
(19
)
Other(b)
15

 
(49
)
 
22

 
(37
)
Balance at June 30(a)
$
48,882

 
$
48,320

 
$
48,882

 
$
48,320

(a)
Reflects gross goodwill balances as the Firm has not recognized any impairment losses to date.
(b)
Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and other tax-related adjustments.

Goodwill was not impaired at June 30, 2011, or December 31, 2010, nor was any goodwill written off due to impairment during the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 or 2010. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm reviewed current conditions and prior projections for all of its reporting units. In addition, the Firm updated the discounted cash flow valuations of its consumer lending businesses in RFS and Card Services (“CS”), as these businesses continue to have elevated risk for goodwill impairment due to their exposure to U.S. consumer credit risk and the effects of regulatory and legislative changes. As a result of these reviews, the Firm concluded that goodwill for these businesses and the Firm’s other reporting units was not impaired at June 30, 2011.
The Firm’s consumer lending businesses in RFS and CS remain at an elevated risk of goodwill impairment due to their exposure to U.S. consumer credit risk and the effects of economic, regulatory and legislative changes. The valuation of these businesses is particularly dependent upon economic conditions (including new unemployment claims and home prices), regulatory and legislative changes (for example, those related to residential mortgage servicing, foreclosure and loss mitigation activities, and those that may affect consumer credit card use), and the amount of equity capital required. The assumptions used in the discounted cash flow valuation models were determined using management’s best estimates. The cost of equity reflected the related risks and uncertainties, and was evaluated in comparison to relevant market peers. Deterioration in these assumptions could cause the estimated fair values of these reporting units and their associated goodwill to decline, which may result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
Mortgage servicing rights
Mortgage servicing rights represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future fees and ancillary revenues, offset by estimated costs to service the loans. The fair value of mortgage servicing rights naturally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual and ancillary fee income. For a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs, see Notes 17 on pages 260–263, respectively of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report and Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q.
In the first half of 2011, the fair value of the MSR declined, primarily due to changes to inputs and assumptions in the MSR valuation model. During the first quarter of 2011, the Firm revised its cost to service assumption to reflect the estimated impact of higher servicing costs to enhance servicing processes, particularly loan modification and foreclosure procedures, including costs to comply with Consent Orders entered into with banking regulators, which resulted in a $1.1 billion decrease in the fair value of the MSR asset. The increase in the cost to service assumption contemplates significant and prolonged increases in staffing levels in the core and default servicing functions, and specifically considers the higher cost to service certain high-risk vintages. In addition, the MSR decreased in value due to a decline in interest rates (which tend to increase prepayments and therefore reduce the expected life of the net servicing cash flows that comprise the MSR asset). Other than the increased cost to service assumption and the decrease in interest rates, predominantly all of the changes in the fair value of the MSR asset resulted from the largely offsetting impacts of new capitalization and amortization.
The decrease in the fair value of the MSR results in a lower asset value that will amortize in future periods against contractual and ancillary fee income received in future periods. While there is expected to be higher levels of noninterest expense associated with higher servicing costs in those future periods, there will also be less MSR amortization, which will have the effect of increasing mortgage fees and related income. The amortization of the MSR is reflected in the tables below in the row “Other changes in fair value.”


160





The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2011

 
2010

 
2011

 
2010

Fair value at beginning of period
$
13,093

 
$
15,531

 
$
13,649

 
$
15,531

MSR activity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originations of MSRs
562

 
533

 
1,319

 
1,222

Purchase of MSRs
29

 

 
30

 
14

Disposition of MSRs

 
(5
)
 

 
(5
)
Total net additions
591

 
528

 
1,349

 
1,231

Change in valuation due to inputs and assumptions(a)
(960
)
 
(3,584
)
 
(1,711
)
 
(3,680
)
Other changes in fair value(b)
(481
)
 
(622
)
 
(1,044
)
 
(1,229
)
Total change in fair value of MSRs(c)
(1,441
)
 
(4,206
)
 
(2,755
)
 
(4,909
)
Fair value at June 30(d)
$
12,243

 
$
11,853

 
$
12,243

 
$
11,853

Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at June 30
$
(960
)
 
$
(3,584
)
 
$
(1,711
)
 
$
(3,680
)
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
$
983

 
$
1,148

 
$
2,008

 
$
2,280

Third-party mortgage loans serviced at June 30 (in billions)
$
949

 
$
1,064

 
$
949

 
$
1,064

Servicer advances, net at June 30 (in billions)(e)
$
10.9

 
$
9.3

 
$
10.9

 
$
9.3

(a)
Represents MSR asset fair value adjustments due to changes in inputs, such as interest rates and volatility, as well as updates to assumptions used in the valuation model.
(b)
Includes changes in MSR value due to modeled servicing portfolio runoff (i.e., amortization or time decay).
(c)
Includes changes related to commercial real estate of $(2) million and $(2) million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $(4) million and $(4) million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(d)
Includes $36 million and $37 million related to commercial real estate at June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(e)
Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest to a trust, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance.

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
RFS mortgage fees and related income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net production revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production revenue
$
767

 
$
676

 
$
1,446

 
$
1,109

Repurchase losses
(223
)
 
(667
)
 
(643
)
 
(1,099
)
Net production revenue
544

 
9

 
803

 
10

Net mortgage servicing revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan servicing revenue
1,011

 
1,186

 
2,063

 
2,293

Other changes in MSR asset fair value(a)
(478
)
 
(620
)
 
(1,041
)
 
(1,225
)
Total operating revenue
533

 
566

 
1,022

 
1,068

Risk management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to inputs or assumptions in model(b)
(960
)
 
(3,584
)
 
(1,711
)
 
(3,680
)
Derivative valuation adjustments and other
983

 
3,895

 
497

 
4,143

Total risk management
23

 
311

 
(1,214
)
 
463

Total RFS net mortgage servicing revenue
556

 
877

 
(192
)
 
1,531

All other
3

 
2

 
5

 
5

Mortgage fees and related income
$
1,103

 
$
888

 
$
616

 
$
1,546

(a)
Includes changes in the MSR value due to modeled servicing portfolio runoff (i.e., amortization or time decay).
(b)
Represents MSR asset fair value adjustments due to changes in inputs, such as interest rates and volatility, as well as updates to assumptions used in the MSR valuation model.


161





The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010; and it outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
(in millions, except rates)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (“CPR”)
10.63
%
 
11.29
%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
$
(775
)
 
$
(809
)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
(1,500
)
 
(1,568
)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread
3.85
%
 
3.94
%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points adverse change
$
(587
)
 
$
(578
)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points adverse change
(1,125
)
 
(1,109
)
CPR: Constant prepayment rate.
The sensitivity analysis in the preceding table is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variation in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value may not be linear. Also, in this table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which might magnify or counteract the sensitivities.
Other intangible assets
The $360 million decrease in other intangible assets during the six months ended June 30, 2011, was predominantly due to $429 million in amortization.
The components of credit card relationships, core deposits and other intangible assets were as follows.
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
Gross amount(a)
Accumulated amortization(a)
Net
carrying value
 
Gross amount
Accumulated amortization
Net
carrying value
(in millions)
 
Purchased credit card relationships
$
3,830

$
3,086

$
744

 
$
5,789

$
4,892

$
897

Other credit card-related intangibles
861

303

558

 
907

314

593

Core deposit intangibles
4,132

3,398

734

 
4,280

3,401

879

Other intangibles
2,498

855

1,643

 
2,515

845

1,670

(a)
The decrease in the gross amount and accumulated amortization from December 31, 2010, was due to the removal of fully amortized assets.
Intangible assets of approximately $600 million consisting primarily of asset management advisory contracts, were determined to have an indefinite life and are not amortized.


162





Amortization expense
The following table presents amortization expense related to credit card relationships, core deposits and other intangible assets.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Purchased credit card relationships
$
77

 
$
97

 
$
157

 
$
194

All other intangibles:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other credit card-related intangibles
27

 
26

 
53

 
52

Core deposit intangibles
72

 
83

 
144

 
166

Other intangibles
36

 
29

 
75

 
66

Total amortization expense
$
212

 
$
235

 
$
429

 
$
478

Future amortization expense
The following table presents estimated future amortization expense related to credit card relationships, core deposits and other intangible assets.
For the year: (in millions)
Purchased credit card relationships
Other credit
card-related intangibles
Core deposit intangibles
Other
intangibles
Total
2011(a)
$
294

$
107

$
284

$
143

$
828

2012
254

110

240

137

741

2013
213

107

195

130

645

2014
110

105

100

114

429

2015
24

98

25

96

243

(a)
Includes $157 million, $53 million, $144 million, and $75 million of amortization expense related to purchased credit card relationships, other credit card-related intangibles, core deposit intangibles and other intangibles, respectively, recognized during the six months ended June 30, 2011.

163





NOTE 17 – DEPOSITS
For further discussion of deposits, see Note 19 on pages 263–264 in JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
$
287,654

 
$
228,555

Interest-bearing
 
 
 
Demand(a) 
34,889

 
33,368

Savings (b)
350,216

 
334,632

Time (included $3,555 and $2,733 at fair value)(c) 
84,513

 
87,237

Total interest-bearing deposits
469,618

 
455,237

Total deposits in U.S. offices
757,272

 
683,792

Non-U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
13,422

 
10,917

Interest-bearing
 
 
 
Demand
204,351

 
174,417

Savings
721

 
607

Time (included $1,233 and $1,636 at fair value)(c) 
72,919

 
60,636

Total interest-bearing deposits
277,991

 
235,660

Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
291,413

 
246,577

Total deposits
$
1,048,685

 
$
930,369

(a)
Includes Negotiable Order of Withdrawal (“NOW”) accounts, and certain trust accounts.
(b)
Includes Money Market Deposit Accounts (“MMDAs”).
(c)
Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. For further discussion, see Note 4 on pages 187–189 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
NOTE 18 – OTHER BORROWED FUNDS
The following table details the components of other borrowed funds.
(in millions)
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
Advances from Federal Home Loan Banks(a)
$
500

 
$
2,250

Other
29,708

 
32,075

Total other borrowed funds(b)(c)
$
30,208

 
$
34,325

(a)
Effective January 1, 2011, $23.0 billion of long-term advances from FHLBs were reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The prior-year period has been revised to conform with the current presentation.
(b)
Includes other borrowed funds of $11.7 billion and $9.9 billion accounted for at fair value at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(c)
Includes other borrowed funds of $9.5 billion and $14.8 billion secured by assets totaling $9.6 billion and $15.0 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.

As of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, JPMorgan Chase had no significant lines of credit for general corporate purposes.

164





NOTE 19 – EARNINGS PER SHARE
For a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), see Note 25 on page 269 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three- and six- month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
Basic earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
5,431

 
$
4,795

 
$
10,986

 
$
8,121

 
Less: Preferred stock dividends
 
158

 
163

 
315

 
325

 
Net income applicable to common equity
 
5,273

 
4,632

 
10,671

 
7,796

 
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities
 
206

 
269

 
468

 
461

 
Net income applicable to common stockholders
 
$
5,067

 
$
4,363

 
$
10,203

 
$
7,335

 
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding
 
3,958.4


3,983.5


3,970.0


3,977.0

 
Net income per share
 
$
1.28

 
$
1.10

 
$
2.57

 
$
1.84

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
(in millions, except per share amounts)
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
Diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income applicable to common stockholders
 
$
5,067

 
$
4,363

 
$
10,203

 
$
7,335

 
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding
 
3,958.4


3,983.5


3,970.0


3,977.0

 
Add: Employee stock options, SARs and warrants(a)
 
24.8

 
22.1

 
28.6

 
23.2

 
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding(b)
 
3,983.2

 
4,005.6

 
3,998.6

 
4,000.2

 
Net income per share
 
$
1.27

 
$
1.09

 
$
2.55

 
$
1.83

 
(a)
Excluded from the computation of diluted EPS (due to the antidilutive effect) were options issued under employee benefit plans and, during 2010, the warrants originally issued in 2008 under the U.S. Treasury’s Capital Purchase Program to purchase shares of the Firm’s common stock. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the aggregate number of shares issuable upon the exercise of such options were 53 million and 69 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2010, the aggregate number of shares issuable upon the exercise of such options and warrants were 224 million and 232 million, respectively.
(b)
Participating securities were included in the calculation of diluted EPS using the two-class method, as this computation was more dilutive than the calculation using the treasury stock method.

165





NOTE 20 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on AFS securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), cash flow hedging activities, and net loss and prior service costs/(credit) related to the Firm's defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.
As of or for the six months ended
Unrealized gains/(losses) on
AFS securities(b)
 
Translation adjustments,
net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Net loss and prior service costs/(credit)
of defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
 
Accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss)
 
June 30, 2011 (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2011
 
$
2,498

(c) 
 
 
$
253

 
 
 
$
206

 
 
 
$
(1,956
)
 
 
 
$
1,001

 
 
Net change
 
770

(d) 
 
 
27

(e) 
 
 
(211
)
(f) 
 
 
51

(g) 
 
 
637

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2011
 
$
3,268

(c) 
 
 
$
280

 
 
 
$
(5
)
 
 
 
$
(1,905
)
 
 
 
$
1,638

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the six months ended
Unrealized gains/(losses) on
AFS securities(b)
 
Translation adjustments,
net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Net loss and prior service costs/(credit)
of defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
 
Accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss)
 
June 30, 2010 (in millions)
Balance at January 1, 2010
 
$
2,032

(c) 
 
 
$
(16
)
 
 
 
$
181

 
 
 
$
(2,288
)
 
 
 
$
(91
)
 
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(a)
 
(129
)
 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
(129
)
 
 
Net change
 
2,339

(d) 
 
 
(25
)
(e) 
 
 
165

(f) 
 
 
145

(g) 
 
 
2,624

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2010
 
$
4,242

(c) 
 
 
$
(41
)
 
 
 
$
346

 
 
 
$
(2,143
)
 
 
 
$
2,404

 
 
(a)
Reflects the effect of adoption of accounting guidance related to the consolidation of VIEs. AOCI decreased by $129 million due to the adoption of the accounting guidance related to VIEs, as a result of the reversal of the fair value adjustments taken on retained AFS securities that were eliminated in consolidation; for further discussion see Note 16 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chases 2010 Annual Report.
(b)
Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of securities accounted for as AFS.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, January 1, 2011, June 30, 2010 and January 1, 2010, included after-tax unrealized losses not related to credit on debt securities for which credit losses have been recognized in income of $(62) million, $(81) million, $(126) million and $(226) million, respectively.
(d)
The net change for the six months ended June 30, 2011, was due primarily to increased market value on agency MBS and municipal securities, partially offset by the widening of spreads on non-U.S. corporate debt and realization of gains due to portfolio repositioning. The net change for the six months ended June 30, 2010, was due primarily to the narrowing of spreads on MBS and CLOs partially offset by declines in non-U.S. government debt and realization of gains due to portfolio repositioning.
(e)
The net change for the six months ended June 30, 2011, and 2010, included after-tax gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation from operations for which the functional currency is other than the U.S. dollar of $498 million and $(489) million, respectively, partially offset by after-tax gains/(losses) on hedges of $(471) million and $464 million, respectively. The Firm may not hedge its entire exposure to foreign currency translation on net investments in foreign operations.
(f)
The net change for the six months ended June 30, 2011, included $112 million of after-tax gains/(losses) recognized in income, and $(99) million of after-tax gains/(losses), representing the net change in derivative fair value that was reported in comprehensive income. The net change for the six months ended June 30, 2010, included $6 million of after-tax gains recognized in income and $171 million of after-tax gains, representing the net change in derivative fair value that was reported in comprehensive income.
(g)
The net changes for the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, were due to after-tax adjustments based on the final year-end actuarial valuations for the U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans (for 2010 and 2009, respectively); and the amortization of net loss and prior service credit into net periodic benefit cost.

166





NOTE 21 – OFF–BALANCE SHEET LENDING-RELATED FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, GUARANTEES AND OTHER COMMITMENTS
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees expire without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its actual future credit exposure or funding requirements. For a discussion of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies, see Note 30 on pages 275–280 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
To provide for the risk of loss inherent in wholesale and consumer (excluding credit card) contracts, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. See Note 14 on pages 149–150 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010. The amounts in the table below for credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases, without notice as permitted by law. The Firm may reduce or close home equity lines of credit when there are significant decreases in the value of the underlying property, or when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.

167





Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
 
Contractual amount
 
Carrying value(j)
(in millions)
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
 
June 30,
2011
December 31,
2010
Lending-related
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer, excluding credit card:
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity – senior lien
$
17,265

$
17,662

 
$

$

Home equity – junior lien
28,586

30,948

 


Prime mortgage
1,117

1,266

 


Subprime mortgage


 


Auto
6,795

5,246

 
1

2

Business banking
10,046

9,702

 
5

4

Student and other
840

579

 


Total consumer, excluding credit card
64,649

65,403

 
6

6

Credit card
535,625

547,227

 


Total consumer
600,274

612,630

 
6

6

Wholesale:
 
 
 
 
 
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(a)(b)
210,023

199,859

 
304

364

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(a)(b)(c)(d)
97,050

94,837

 
686

705

Unused advised lines of credit
52,848

44,720

 


Other letters of credit(a)(d)
5,768

6,663

 
2

2

Total wholesale
365,689

346,079

 
992

1,071

Total lending-related
$
965,963

$
958,709

 
$
998

$
1,077

Other guarantees and commitments
 
 
 
 
 
Securities lending guarantees(e)
$
205,411

$
181,717

 
NA

NA

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees(f)
84,089

87,768

 
$
321

$
294

Unsettled reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements(g)
59,570

39,927

 


Other guarantees and commitments(h)
6,177

6,492

 
(6
)
(6
)
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase liability(i)
NA

NA

 
3,631

3,285

Loans sold with recourse
10,624

10,982

 
141

153

(a)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, represented the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $608 million and $542 million, respectively, for Other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $22.3 billion and $22.4 billion, respectively, for Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, for Other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve Board these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included credit enhancements and bond and commercial paper liquidity commitments to U.S. states and municipalities, hospitals and other not-for-profit entities of $46.4 billion and $43.4 billion, respectively. These commitments also include liquidity facilities to nonconsolidated municipal bond VIEs; for further information, see Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included unissued Standby letters of credit commitments of $41.9 billion and $41.6 billion, respectively.
(d)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, JPMorgan Chase held collateral relating to $39.3 billion and $37.8 billion, respectively, of Standby letters of credit; and $1.7 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively, of Other letters of credit.
(e)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $207.9 billion and $185.0 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral comprises primarily cash and securities issued by governments that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and U.S. government agencies.
(f)
Represents notional amounts of derivatives qualifying as guarantees. The carrying value at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, reflected derivative payables of $420 million and $390 million, respectively, less derivative receivables of $99 million and $96 million, respectively.
(g)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the amount of commitments related to forward starting reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing agreements were $14.0 billion and $14.4 billion, respectively. Commitments related to unsettled reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowing agreements with regular way settlement periods were $45.6 billion and $25.5 billion, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
(h)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included unfunded commitments of $876 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, to third-party private equity funds; and $1.5 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively, to other equity investments. These commitments included $815 million and $1.0 billion, respectively, related to investments that are generally fair valued at net asset value as discussed in Note 3 on pages 102–114 of this Form 10-Q. In addition, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included letters of credit hedged by derivative transactions and managed on a market risk basis of $3.8 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively.
(i)
Represents the estimated repurchase liability related to indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties in loan sale and securitization agreements. For additional information, see Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications on pages 170–171 of this Note.
(j)
For lending-related products, the carrying value represents the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability, for derivative-related products, the carrying value represents the fair value. For all other products the carrying value represents the valuation reserve.



168





Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally comprise commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, as well as extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors.
Also included in other unfunded commitments to extend credit are commitments to noninvestment-grade counterparties in connection with leveraged and acquisition finance activities, which were $7.1 billion and $5.9 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. For further information, see Note 3 and Note 4 on pages 102–114 and 114–116 respectively, of this Form 10-Q.
Guarantees
The Firm considers the following off–balance sheet lending-related arrangements to be guarantees under U.S. GAAP: standby letters of credit and financial guarantees, securities lending indemnifications, certain indemnification agreements included within third-party contractual arrangements and certain derivative contracts. For a further discussion of the off–balance sheet lending-related arrangements the Firm considers to be guarantees, and the related accounting policies, see Note 30 on pages 275–280 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The recorded amounts of the related to guarantees and indemnifications at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, excluding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments are discussed on pages 170–171 of this Note.
Standby letters of credit
Standby letters of credit (“SBLC”) and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade and similar transactions. The carrying values of standby and other letters of credit were $688 million and $707 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, which were classified in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets; these carrying values included $316 million and $347 million, respectively, for the allowance for lending-related commitments, and $372 million and $360 million, respectively, for the guarantee liability and corresponding asset.
The following table summarizes the types of facilities under which standby letters of credit and other letters of credit arrangements are outstanding by the ratings profiles of the Firm’s customers, as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
 
June 30, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
(in millions)
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters
of credit
 
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
Other letters
of credit
Investment-grade(a)
 
$
74,222

 
$
4,399

 
 
$
70,236

 
$
5,289

Noninvestment-grade (a)
 
22,828

 
1,369

 
 
24,601

 
1,374

Total contractual amount(b)
 
$
97,050

(c) 
$
5,768

 
 
$
94,837

(c) 
$
6,663

Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
$
314

 
$
2

 
 
$
345

 
$
2

Commitments with collateral
 
39,335

 
1,748

 
 
37,815

 
2,127

(a)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, represented contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $22.3 billion and $22.4 billion, respectively, for Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $1.4 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, for Other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(c)
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, included unissued Standby letters of credit commitments of $41.9 billion and $41.6 billion, respectively.

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
In addition to the contracts described above, the Firm transacts certain derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. For further information on these derivatives, see Note 30 on pages 275-280 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. The total notional value of the derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees was $84.1 billion and $87.8 billion at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The notional amount generally represents the Firm’s maximum exposure to derivatives qualifying as guarantees. However, exposure to certain stable value contracts is contractually limited to a substantially lower percentage of the notional amount; the notional amount on these stable value contracts was $26.2 billion and $25.9 billion and the maximum exposure to loss was $2.8 billion and $2.7 billion, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The fair values of the contracts reflects the probability of whether the Firm will be required to perform under the contract. The fair value related to derivatives that the Firm deems to be guarantees were derivative payables of $420 million and $390 million and derivative receivables of $99 million and $96 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively. The Firm reduces exposures to these contracts by entering into offsetting transactions, or by entering into contracts that hedge the market risk related to the derivative guarantees.

169





In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. For a further discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 5 on pages 117–124 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 6 on pages 191–199 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Loan sale- and securitization-related indemnifications
Indemnifications for breaches of representations and warranties
In connection with the Firm’s loan sale and securitization activities with the GSEs and other loan sale and private-label securitization transactions, as described in Notes 13 and 15 on pages 134–148 and 151–159, respectively, of this Form 10-Q, and Notes 14 and 16 on pages 220–238 and 244–259, respectively of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report, the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements. The Firm may be, and has been, required to repurchase loans and/or indemnify the GSEs and other investors for losses due to material breaches of these representations and warranties; however, predominantly all of the repurchase demands received by the Firm and the Firm’s losses realized to date are related to loans sold to the GSEs.
The Firm has recognized a repurchase liability of $3.6 billion and $3.3 billion, as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively, which is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities net of probable recoveries from third parties.
Substantially all of the estimates and assumptions underlying the Firm’s established methodology for computing its recorded repurchase liability – including factors such as the amount of probable future demands from purchasers, the ability of the Firm to cure identified defects, the severity of loss upon repurchase or foreclosure, and recoveries from third parties - require application of a significant level of management judgment. Estimating the repurchase liability is further complicated by limited and rapidly changing historical data and uncertainty surrounding numerous external factors, including: (i) macro-economic factors and (ii) the level of future demands, which is dependent, in part, on actions taken by third parties such as the GSEs and mortgage insurers.
While the Firm uses the best information available to it in estimating its repurchase liability, the estimation process is inherently uncertain and imprecise and, accordingly, losses in excess of the amounts accrued as of June 30, 2011, are reasonably possible. The Firm believes the estimate of the range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of its established repurchase liability, is from $0 to approximately $2.2 billion at June 30, 2011. This estimated range of reasonably possible loss considers the Firm's GSE-related exposure based on an assumed peak to trough decline in home prices of 45%, which is an additional 11 percentage point decline in home prices beyond the Firm’s current assumptions, which were derived from a nationally recognized home price index. Although the Firm does not consider such further decline in home prices to be likely to occur, such a decline could increase the level of loan delinquencies, thereby potentially increasing the repurchase demand rate from the GSEs and increasing loss severity on repurchased loans, each of which could affect the Firm’s repurchase liability. Claims related to private-label securitizations have, thus far, generally manifested themselves through securities-related litigation, which the Firm has considered with other litigation matters as discussed in Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q. Actual repurchase losses could vary significantly from the Firm’s recorded repurchase liability or this estimate of reasonably possible additional losses, depending on the outcome of various factors, including those considered above.
The following table summarizes the change in the repurchase liability for each of the periods presented.
Summary of changes in mortgage repurchase liability
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 (in millions)
2011
2010
 
2011
2010
Repurchase liability at beginning of period
$
3,474

$
1,982

 
$
3,285

$
1,705

Realized losses(a)
(241
)
(317
)
 
(472
)
(563
)
Provision for repurchase losses
398

667

 
818

1,190

Repurchase liability at end of period
$
3,631

$
2,332

 
$
3,631

$
2,332

(a)
Includes principal losses and accrued interest on repurchased loans, “make-whole” settlements, settlements with claimants, and certain related expenses. Make-whole settlements were $126 million and $150 million for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $241 million and $255 million for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

170





Loans sold with recourse
The Firm provides servicing for mortgages and certain commercial lending products on both a recourse and nonrecourse basis. In nonrecourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Firm is the cost of temporary servicing advances of funds (i.e., normal servicing advances). In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or a private investor, insurer or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing predominantly occur when foreclosure sales proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted loan are less than the sum of the outstanding principal balance, plus accrued interest on the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The Firm’s securitizations are predominantly nonrecourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchaser of the mortgage-backed securities issued by the trust. At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the unpaid principal balance of loans sold with recourse totaled $10.6 billion and $11.0 billion, respectively. The carrying value of the related liability that the Firm has recorded, which is representative of the Firm’s view of the likelihood it will have to perform under its recourse obligations was $141 million and $153 million at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, respectively.
NOTE 22 – PLEDGED ASSETS AND COLLATERAL
For a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral, see Note 31 on pages 280–281 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Pledged assets
At June 30, 2011, assets were pledged to collateralize repurchase agreements, other securities financing agreements, derivative transactions and for other purposes, including to secure borrowings and public deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged by the secured parties and are identified as financial instruments owned (pledged to various parties) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, at June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm had pledged $281.4 billion and $288.7 billion, respectively, of financial instruments it owns that may not be sold or repledged by the secured parties. Total assets pledged do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. See Note 15 on pages 151–159 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 16 on pages 244–259 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report, for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. For further information regarding pledged assets, see Note 31 on page 281 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Collateral
At June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, the Firm had accepted assets as collateral that it could sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use with a fair value of approximately $705.2 billion and $655.0 billion, respectively. This collateral was generally obtained under resale agreements, securities borrowing agreements, customer margin loans and derivative agreements. Of the collateral received, approximately $509.3 billion and $521.3 billion, respectively, were sold or repledged, generally as collateral under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements or to cover short sales and to collateralize deposits and derivative agreements. For further information regarding collateral, see Note 31 on page 281 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.

171





NOTE 23 – LITIGATION
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2011, the Firm and its subsidiaries are defendants or putative defendants in more than 10,000 legal proceedings, in the form of regulatory/government investigations as well as private, civil litigations. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $5.1 billion at June 30, 2011. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses is based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Firm is involved, taking into account the Firm’s best estimate of such losses for those cases for which such estimate can be made. For certain cases, the Firm does not believe that an estimate can currently be made. The Firm’s estimate involves significant judgment, given the varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many of them are currently in preliminary stages), the existence of multiple defendants (including the Firm) in many of such proceedings whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims), and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate will change from time to time, and actual losses may be more than the current estimate.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
Auction-Rate Securities Investigations and Litigation. Beginning in March 2008, several regulatory authorities initiated investigations of a number of industry participants, including the Firm, concerning possible state and federal securities law violations in connection with the sale of auction-rate securities. The market for many such securities had frozen and a significant number of auctions for those securities began to fail in February 2008.
The Firm, on behalf of itself and affiliates, agreed to a settlement in principle with the New York Attorney General’s Office which provided, among other things, that the Firm would offer to purchase at par certain auction-rate securities purchased from J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“JPMorgan Securities”; formerly J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.), Chase Investment Services Corp. and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. by individual investors, charities and small- to medium-sized businesses. The Firm also agreed to a substantively similar settlement in principle with the Office of Financial Regulation for the State of Florida and the North American Securities Administrators Association (“NASAA”) Task Force, which agreed to recommend approval of the settlement to all remaining states, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The Firm has finalized the settlement agreements with the New York Attorney General’s Office and the Office of Financial Regulation for the State of Florida. The settlement agreements provide for the payment of penalties totaling $25 million to all states. The Firm is currently in the process of finalizing consent agreements with NASAA’s member states; more than 45 of these consent agreements have been finalized to date.
The Firm also faces a number of civil actions relating to the Firm’s sales of auction-rate securities, including a putative securities class action in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York that seeks unspecified damages, and individual arbitrations and lawsuits in various forums brought by institutional and individual investors that, together, seek damages totaling more than $200 million relating to the Firm’s sales of auction-rate securities. One action is brought by an issuer of auction-rate securities. The actions generally allege that the Firm and other firms manipulated the market for auction-rate securities by placing bids at auctions that affected these securities’ clearing rates or otherwise supported the auctions without properly disclosing these activities. Some actions also allege that the Firm misrepresented that auction-rate securities were short-term instruments. The Firm has filed motions to dismiss each of the actions pending in federal court, which are being coordinated before the federal District Court in New York. These motions are currently pending.
Additionally, the Firm was named in two putative antitrust class actions also pending in the federal District Court in New York. The actions allege that the Firm, along with numerous other financial institution defendants, colluded to maintain and stabilize the auction-rate securities market and then to withdraw their support for the auction-rate securities market. In January 2010, the District Court dismissed both actions. An appeal is pending in the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Bear Stearns Hedge Fund Matters. Bear Stearns, certain current or former subsidiaries of Bear Stearns, including Bear Stearns Asset Management, Inc. (“BSAM”) and Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., and certain individuals formerly employed by Bear Stearns are named defendants (collectively the “Bear Stearns defendants”) in multiple civil actions and arbitrations relating to alleged losses resulting from the failure of the Bear Stearns High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Master Fund, Ltd. (the “High Grade Fund”) and the Bear Stearns High Grade Structured Credit Strategies Enhanced Leverage Master Fund, Ltd. (the “Enhanced Leverage Fund”) (collectively, the “Funds”). BSAM served as investment manager for both of the Funds, which were organized such that there were U.S. and Cayman Islands “feeder funds” that invested substantially all their assets, directly or indirectly, in the Funds. The Funds are in liquidation.

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There are currently four civil actions pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York relating to the Funds. Two of these actions involve derivative lawsuits brought on behalf of purchasers of partnership interests in the two U.S. feeder funds, alleging that the Bear Stearns defendants mismanaged the Funds and made material misrepresentations to and/or withheld information from investors in the feeder funds. These actions seek, among other things, unspecified compensatory damages based on alleged investor losses. The third action, brought by the Joint Voluntary Liquidators of the Cayman Islands feeder funds, makes allegations similar to those asserted in the derivative lawsuits related to the U.S. feeder funds, and seeks compensatory and punitive damages. Motions to dismiss in these three cases have been granted in part and denied in part. An agreement in principle has been reached, pursuant to which BSAM would pay a maximum of approximately $19 million to settle the one derivative action relating to the feeder fund to the High Grade Fund. BSAM has reserved the right not to proceed with this settlement if plaintiff is unable to secure the participation of investors whose net contributions meet a prescribed percentage of the aggregate net contributions to the High Grade Fund. The agreement in principle remains subject to documentation and approval by the Court. In the other two actions, the parties are engaging in Court-ordered settlement discussions. Discovery has been limited for the duration of that process. Total alleged losses in these three actions exceed $1 billion.
The fourth action was brought by Bank of America and Banc of America Securities LLC (together “BofA”) alleging breach of contract and fraud in connection with a May 2007 $4 billion securitization, known as a “CDO-squared,” for which BSAM served as collateral manager. This securitization was composed of certain collateralized debt obligation holdings that were purchased by BofA from the Funds. Bank of America seeks in excess of $3 billion in damages. Defendants’ motion to dismiss in this action was largely denied, an amended complaint was filed and discovery is ongoing.
Bear Stearns Shareholder Litigation and Related Matters. Various shareholders of Bear Stearns have commenced purported class actions against Bear Stearns and certain of its former officers and/or directors on behalf of all persons who purchased or otherwise acquired common stock of Bear Stearns between December 14, 2006, and March 14, 2008 (the “Class Period”). During the Class Period, Bear Stearns had between 115 million and 120 million common shares outstanding, and the price per share of those securities declined from a high of $172.61 to a low of $30 at the end of the period. The actions, originally commenced in several federal courts, allege that the defendants issued materially false and misleading statements regarding Bear Stearns’ business and financial results and that, as a result of those false statements, Bear Stearns’ common stock traded at artificially inflated prices during the Class Period. Separately, several individual shareholders of Bear Stearns have commenced or threatened to commence arbitration proceedings and lawsuits asserting claims similar to those in the putative class actions. Certain of these matters have been dismissed or settled. In addition, Bear Stearns and certain of its former officers and/or directors have also been named as defendants in a number of purported class actions commenced in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York seeking to represent the interests of participants in the Bear Stearns Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) during the time period of December 2006 to March 2008. These actions, brought under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”), allege that defendants breached their fiduciary duties to plaintiffs and to the other participants and beneficiaries of the ESOP by (a) failing to manage prudently the ESOP’s investment in Bear Stearns securities; (b) failing to communicate fully and accurately about the risks of the ESOP’s investment in Bear Stearns stock; (c) failing to avoid or address alleged conflicts of interest; and (d) failing to monitor those who managed and administered the ESOP.
Bear Stearns, former members of Bear Stearns’ Board of Directors and certain of Bear Stearns’ former executive officers have also been named as defendants in a shareholder derivative and class action suit which is pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Plaintiffs assert claims for breach of fiduciary duty, violations of federal securities laws, waste of corporate assets and gross mismanagement, unjust enrichment, abuse of control and indemnification and contribution in connection with the losses sustained by Bear Stearns as a result of its purchases of subprime loans and certain repurchases of its own common stock. Certain individual defendants are also alleged to have sold their holdings of Bear Stearns common stock while in possession of material nonpublic information. Plaintiffs seek compensatory damages in an unspecified amount.
All of the above-described actions filed in federal courts were ordered transferred and joined for pre-trial purposes before the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Defendants moved to dismiss the purported securities class action, the shareholders’ derivative action and the ERISA action. In January 2011, the District Court granted the motions to dismiss the derivative and ERISA actions, and denied the motion as to the securities action. Plaintiffs in the derivative action have filed a motion for reconsideration of the dismissal as well as an appeal. Plaintiffs in the ESOP action have filed a motion to alter the judgment and for leave to amend their amended consolidated complaint. Discovery is ongoing in the securities action.
City of Milan Litigation and Criminal Investigation. In January 2009, the City of Milan, Italy (the “City”) issued civil proceedings against (among others) JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd. (together, “JPMorgan Chase”) in the District Court of Milan. The proceedings relate to (a) a bond issue by the City in June 2005 (the “Bond”), and (b) an associated swap transaction, which was subsequently restructured on a number of occasions between 2005 and 2007 (the “Swap”). The City seeks damages and/or other remedies against JPMorgan Chase (among others) on the grounds of alleged “fraudulent and deceitful acts” and alleged breach of advisory obligations in connection with the Swap and the Bond, together with related swap transactions with other counterparties. The judge has directed four current and former JPMorgan Chase personnel and JPMorgan Chase Bank,

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N.A. (as well as other individuals and three other banks) to go forward to a full trial that started in May 2010. Although the Firm is not charged with any crime and does not face criminal liability, if one or more of its employees were found guilty, the Firm could be subject to administrative sanctions, including restrictions on its ability to conduct business in Italy and monetary penalties. Hearings have continued on a weekly basis since May 2010.
Enron Litigation. JPMorgan Chase and certain of its officers and directors are involved in several lawsuits seeking damages arising out of the Firm’s banking relationships with Enron Corp. and its subsidiaries (“Enron”). A number of actions and other proceedings against the Firm previously were resolved, including a class action lawsuit captioned Newby v. Enron Corp. and adversary proceedings brought by Enron’s bankruptcy estate. The remaining Enron-related actions include individual actions by Enron investors, an action by an Enron counterparty, and a purported class action filed on behalf of JPMorgan Chase employees who participated in the Firm’s 401(k) plan asserting claims under the ERISA for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties by JPMorgan Chase, its directors and named officers. That action has been dismissed, and is on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Interchange Litigation. A group of merchants has filed a series of putative class action complaints in several federal courts. The complaints allege that Visa and MasterCard, as well as certain other banks and their respective bank holding companies, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees, enacted respective association rules in violation of antitrust laws, and engaged in tying/bundling and exclusive dealing. The complaint seeks unspecified damages and injunctive relief based on the theory that interchange would be lower or eliminated but for the challenged conduct. Based on publicly available estimates, Visa and MasterCard branded payment cards generated approximately $40 billion of interchange fees industry-wide in 2009. All cases have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York for pretrial proceedings. The Court has dismissed all claims relating to periods prior to January 2004. The Court has not yet ruled on motions relating to the remainder of the case or plaintiffs’ class certification motion. Fact and expert discovery have closed.
In addition to the consolidated class action complaint, plaintiffs filed supplemental complaints challenging the initial public offerings (“IPOs”) of MasterCard and Visa (the “IPO Complaints”). With respect to the MasterCard IPO, plaintiffs allege that the offering violated Section 7 of the Clayton Act and Section 1 of the Sherman Act and that the offering was a fraudulent conveyance. With respect to the Visa IPO, plaintiffs are challenging the Visa IPO on antitrust theories parallel to those articulated in the MasterCard IPO pleading. Defendants have filed motions to dismiss the IPO Complaints. The Court has not yet ruled on those motions.
The parties also have filed motions seeking summary judgment as to various claims in the complaints.
Investment Management Litigation. Four cases have been filed claiming that investment portfolios managed by JPMorgan Investment Management Inc. (“JPMorgan Investment Management”) were inappropriately invested in securities backed by subprime residential real estate collateral. Plaintiffs claim that JPMorgan Investment Management and related defendants are liable for losses of more than $1 billion in market value of these securities. The first case was filed by NM Homes One, Inc. in federal District Court in New York. Following rulings on motions addressed to the pleadings, plaintiff’s claims for breach of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, negligence and gross negligence survive, and discovery is proceeding. In the second case, which was filed by Assured Guaranty (U.K.) in New York state court, the New York State Appellate Division allowed plaintiff to proceed with its claims for breach of fiduciary duty and gross negligence, and for breach of contract based on alleged violations of the Delaware Insurance Code. JPMorgan Investment Management’s appeal is pending in the New York State Court of Appeals. Discovery is also proceeding. In the third case, filed by Ambac Assurance UK Limited in New York state court, the lower court granted JPMorgan Investment Management’s motion to dismiss. The New York State Appellate Division reversed the lower court’s decision and is allowing plaintiff to proceed with its claims. The fourth case was filed by CMMF LLP in New York state court. The amended complaint asserts claims under New York law for breach of fiduciary duty, gross negligence, breach of contract and negligent misrepresentation. The lower court denied in part defendants’ motion to dismiss and discovery is proceeding.
Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy Proceedings. In May 2010, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (“LBHI”) and its Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors filed a complaint (and later an amended complaint) against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York that asserts both federal bankruptcy law and state common law claims, and seeks, among other relief, to recover $8.6 billion in collateral that was transferred to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the weeks preceding LBHI’s bankruptcy. The amended complaint also seeks unspecified damages on the grounds that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s collateral requests hastened LBHI’s demise. The Firm has moved to dismiss plaintiffs’ amended complaint in its entirety. That motion has not yet been decided. The Firm also filed counterclaims against LBHI alleging that LBHI fraudulently induced the Firm to make large clearing advances to Lehman against inappropriate collateral, which left the Firm with more than $25 billion in claims against the estate of Lehman’s broker-dealer, which could be unpaid if the Firm is required to return any collateral to Lehman. Discovery is underway with a trial scheduled for 2012. In addition, in April 2011 the Firm and the SIPA Trustee for LBHI’s U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary, Lehman Brothers Inc. (“LBI”) announced that they had reached an agreement to return more than $800 million in alleged LBI customer assets to the LBI Estate for distribution to its customer claimants. In late June 2011, the Bankruptcy Court approved the agreement. The Firm has also responded to various regulatory inquiries regarding the Lehman matter.

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Madoff Litigation. JPMorgan Chase & Co., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., JPMorgan Securities LLC, and JPMorgan Securities Ltd. have been named as defendants in a lawsuit brought by the trustee for the liquidation of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC (the “Trustee”). The Trustee recently served an amended complaint in which he has asserted 28 causes of action against JPMorgan Chase, 20 of which seek to avoid certain transfers (direct or indirect) made to JPMorgan Chase that are alleged to have been preferential or fraudulent under the federal Bankruptcy Code and the New York Debtor and Creditor Law. The remaining causes of action are for, among other things, aiding and abetting fraud, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, conversion and unjust enrichment. The complaint generally alleges that JPMorgan Chase, as Madoff’s long-time bank, facilitated the maintenance of Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and overlooked signs of wrongdoing in order to obtain profits and fees. The complaint purports to seek approximately $19 billion in damages from JPMorgan Chase, and to recover approximately $425 million in transfers that JPMorgan Chase allegedly received directly or indirectly from Bernard Madoff’s brokerage firm. JPMorgan Chase’s motion to return the case from the Bankruptcy Court to the District Court was granted in May 2011 and JPMorgan Chase has moved to dismiss most of the Trustee’s claims.
Separately, J.P. Morgan Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, JPMorgan (Suisse) SA, J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd., and Bear Stearns Alternative Assets International Ltd. have been named as defendants in several suits in Bankruptcy Court and state and federal courts in New York arising out of the liquidation proceedings of Fairfield Sentry Limited and Fairfield Sigma Limited (together, “Fairfield”), so-called Madoff feeder funds. These actions advanced theories of mistake and restitution and sought to recover payments previously made to defendants by the funds totaling approximately $140 million. Fairfield and the Madoff Trustee reached an agreement pursuant to which the complaints against Cayman, Suisse, and JP Morgan Securities Ltd. will be dismissed and that agreement has been approved by the court.
In addition, a purported class action is pending against JPMorgan Chase in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, as is a motion by separate potential class plaintiffs to add claims against JPMorgan Chase, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and J.P. Morgan Securities Ltd. to an already-pending purported class action in the same court. The allegations in these complaints largely track those raised by the Trustee. The JPMorgan Chase entities have moved to dismiss these actions.
Finally, JPMorgan Chase is a defendant in five actions pending in the New York state court and one individual action in federal court in New York. The allegations in all of these actions are essentially identical, and involve claims against the Firm for aiding and abetting fraud, aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty, conversion and unjust enrichment. In the federal action, the Firm prevailed on its motion to dismiss before the District Court, and that decision was recently affirmed on appeal. In the state court actions, the Firm’s motion to dismiss has been fully briefed and the parties are awaiting the court’s decision. The Firm is also responding to various governmental inquiries concerning the Madoff matter.
Mortgage-Backed Securities Litigation and Regulatory Investigations. JPMorgan Chase and affiliates, Bear Stearns and affiliates and Washington Mutual affiliates have been named as defendants in a number of cases in their various roles as issuer or underwriter in mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) offerings. These cases include purported class action suits, actions by individual purchasers of securities, actions by insurance companies that guaranteed payments of principal and interest for particular tranches and an action by a trustee. Although the allegations vary by lawsuit, these cases generally allege that the offering documents for more than $160 billion of securities issued by dozens of securitization trusts contained material misrepresentations and omissions, including statements regarding the underwriting standards pursuant to which the underlying mortgage loans were issued, or assert that various representations or warranties relating to the loans were breached at the time of origination.
In the actions against the Firm as an MBS issuer (and, in some cases, also as an underwriter of its own MBS offerings), three purported class actions are pending against JPMorgan Chase and Bear Stearns, and/or certain of their affiliates and current and former employees, in the United States District Courts for the Eastern and Southern Districts of New York. Defendants moved to dismiss these actions. One of those motions has been granted in part to dismiss claims relating to all but one of the offerings. The other two motions remain pending. In addition, Washington Mutual affiliates, WaMu Asset Acceptance Corp. and WaMu Capital Corp., along with certain former officers or directors of WaMu Asset Acceptance Corp., have been named as defendants in three now-consolidated purported class action cases pending in the Western District of Washington. Defendants’ motion to dismiss was granted in part to dismiss all claims relating to MBS offerings in which a named plaintiff was not a purchaser. Defendants have since moved for judgment on the pleadings as to all claims relating to all MBS Certificates of which a named plaintiff was not a purchaser. Plaintiffs have sought leave to amend their complaint to add JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as a defendant on the theory that it is a successor to Washington Mutual Bank. The Firm has opposed this request. Plaintiffs have filed a motion for class certification, which defendants have opposed. Discovery is ongoing.
In other actions brought against the Firm as an MBS issuer (and, in some cases, also as an underwriter) certain JPMorgan Chase entities, several Bear Stearns entities, and certain Washington Mutual affiliates are defendants in ten separate individual actions commenced by the Federal Home Loan Banks of Pittsburgh, Seattle, San Francisco, Chicago, Indianapolis, Atlanta and Boston in various state courts around the country; and certain JPMorgan Chase, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual entities are also among the defendants named in separate individual actions commenced by various institutional investors in federal and state courts.

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EMC Mortgage Corporation (“EMC”), a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase & Co., and certain other JPMorgan Chase entities are defendants in six pending actions commenced by bond insurers that guaranteed payments of principal and interest on approximately $3.6 billion of certain classes of seven different MBS offerings sponsored by EMC. Two of those actions, commenced by Assured Guaranty Corp. and Syncora Guarantee, Inc., respectively, are pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Syncora has also filed an action in New York state court alleging tort claims against arising out of the same transaction as its original federal complaint. The fourth action, filed by Ambac Assurance Corporation, was dismissed on jurisdictional grounds by the United States District for the Southern District of New York. The dismissal is on appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Ambac has also filed a nearly identical complaint in New York state court. The sixth action, commenced by CIFG Assurance North America, Inc., is pending in state court in Texas, but Defendants have filed a motion arguing that New York is the superior forum. In most of the actions, the plaintiff claims that the underlying mortgage loans had origination defects that purportedly violate certain representations and warranties given by EMC to plaintiffs, and that EMC has breached the relevant agreements between the parties by failing to repurchase allegedly defective mortgage loans. In addition, the Ambac, CIFG and Syncora complaints allege fraudulent inducement and tortious interference, though tortious interference was dismissed from the Ambac federal action immediately before the jurisdictional dismissal. Each action seeks unspecified damages and, except in the Syncora state complaint, an order compelling EMC to repurchase those loans. The CIFG complaint also seeks punitive damages.
In the actions against the Firm solely as an underwriter of other issuers’ MBS offerings, the Firm has contractual rights to indemnification from the issuers, but those indemnity rights may prove effectively unenforceable where the issuers are now defunct, such as affiliates of IndyMac Bancorp (“IndyMac Trusts”) and Thornburg Mortgage (“Thornburg”). With respect to the IndyMac Trusts, JPMorgan Securities, along with numerous other underwriters and individuals, is named as a defendant, both in its own capacity and as successor to Bear Stearns in a purported class action pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York brought on behalf of purchasers of securities in various IndyMac Trust MBS offerings. The court in that action has dismissed claims as to certain such securitizations, including all offerings in which no named plaintiff purchased securities, and allowed claims as to other offerings to proceed. Plaintiffs’ motion to certify a class of investors in certain offerings is pending, and discovery is ongoing. In addition, JPMorgan Securities and JPMorgan Chase are named as defendants in an individual action filed by the Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh in connection with a single offering by an affiliate of IndyMac Bancorp. Discovery in that action is ongoing. Separately, JPMorgan Securities, as successor to Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc., along with other underwriters and certain individuals, are defendants in an action pending in state court in California brought by MBIA Insurance Corp. (“MBIA”). The action relates to certain securities issued by IndyMac trusts in offerings in which Bear Stearns was an underwriter, and as to which MBIA provided guaranty insurance policies. MBIA purports to be subrogated to the rights of the MBS holders, and seeks recovery of sums it has paid and will pay pursuant to those policies. Discovery is ongoing. With respect to Thornburg, a Bear Stearns subsidiary is also a named defendant in a purported class action pending in the United States District Court for the District of New Mexico along with a number of other financial institutions that served as depositors and/or underwriters for three Thornburg MBS offerings. Defendants have moved to dismiss this action.
A shareholder complaint has been filed in New York state court against the Firm and two affiliates, members of the boards of directors thereof and certain employees asserting claims based on alleged wrongful actions and inactions relating to residential mortgage originations and securitizations. The action seeks an accounting and damages.
In addition to the above-described litigation, the Firm has also received, and responded to, a number of subpoenas and informal requests for information from federal and state authorities concerning mortgage-related matters, including inquiries concerning a number of transactions involving the Firm’s origination and purchase of whole loans, underwriting and issuance of MBS, treatment of early payment defaults and potential breaches of securitization representations and warranties, due diligence in connection with securitizations and the Firm’s participation in offerings of certain collateralized debt obligations.
JPMorgan Securities has resolved the investigation by the SEC’s Division of Enforcement regarding certain collateralized debt obligations.
In addition to the above mortgage-related matters, the Firm is a defendant in an action commenced by Deutsche Bank, described in more detail below with respect to the Washington Mutual Litigations.
Mortgage Foreclosure Investigations and Litigation. Multiple state and federal officials have announced investigations into the procedures followed by mortgage servicing companies and banks, including JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its affiliates, relating to servicing, foreclosure and loss mitigation processes. The Firm is cooperating with these investigations, and these investigations could result in material fines, penalties, equitable remedies (including requiring default servicing or other process changes), or other enforcement actions, as well as significant legal costs in responding to governmental investigations and additional litigation. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Reserve have issued Consent Orders as to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and JPMorgan Chase & Co., respectively. In their Orders, the regulators have mandated significant changes to the Firm’s servicing and default business and outlined requirements to implement these changes. Included in these requirements is the retention of an independent consultant to conduct an independent review of (and reimbursement of borrowers who sustained economic harm from) residential foreclosure actions or proceedings for loans serviced by the Firm that have been pending at any time from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2010, as well as residential foreclosure sales that occurred during this time period. These

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regulators have reserved the right to impose civil monetary penalties at a later date. Investigations by other state and federal authorities remain pending. Though the Firm has been in discussions with state and federal authorities about a potential global settlement of claims, there can be no assurance that any resolution will be reached.
Four purported class action lawsuits have also been filed against the Firm relating to its mortgage foreclosure procedures. Additionally, the Firm is defending a purported class action brought against Bank of America involving an EMC loan. One of the cases has been voluntarily dismissed with prejudice by the plaintiff. The Firm has moved to dismiss two of the remaining cases. In the fourth case, plaintiffs filed an amended complaint, which the Firm will move to dismiss.
A shareholder derivative action has been filed in New York state court against the Firm’s board of directors alleging that the board failed to exercise adequate oversight as to wrongful conduct by the Firm regarding mortgage servicing. The action seeks a declaratory judgment and damages.
As of January 2011, the Firm had resumed initiation of new foreclosure proceedings in nearly all states in which it had previously suspended such proceedings, utilizing revised procedures in connection with the execution of affidavits and other documents used by Firm employees in the foreclosure process. The Firm is also in the process of reviewing pending foreclosure matters to determine whether remediation of specific documentation is necessary, and is resuming pending foreclosures as the review, and if necessary, remediation, of each pending matter is completed.
Municipal Derivatives Investigations and Litigation. The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) (in conjunction with the Internal Revenue Service), the Securities and Exchange Commission, a group of state attorneys general, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York investigated the Firm for possible antitrust, securities and tax-related violations in connection with the bidding or sale of guaranteed investment contracts and derivatives to municipal issuers. In July 2011, the Firm reached settlements with all of the government agencies to resolve these investigations. The settlements cover conduct in or prior to 2006. Under the terms of the settlements, the Firm entered into a non-prosecution agreement with the DOJ, and will pay a net amount of $211 million to the other government agencies. The Firm also agreed to implement measures to strengthen board oversight and compliance risk management programs relating to certain types of transactions.
Purported class action lawsuits and individual actions (the “Municipal Derivatives Actions”) have been filed against JPMorgan Chase and Bear Stearns, as well as numerous other providers and brokers, alleging antitrust violations in the reportedly $100 billion to $300 billion annual market for financial instruments related to municipal bond offerings referred to collectively as “municipal derivatives.” The Municipal Derivatives Actions have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The court denied in part and granted in part defendants’ motions to dismiss the purported class and individual actions, permitting certain claims to proceed against the Firm and others under federal and California state antitrust laws and under the California false claims act. Subsequently, a number of additional individual actions asserting substantially similar claims, including claims under New York and West Virginia state antitrust statutes, were filed against JPMorgan Chase, Bear Stearns and numerous other defendants. All of these cases have been coordinated for pretrial purposes in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Discovery is ongoing.
Following J.P. Morgan Securities’ November 4, 2009, settlement with the SEC in connection with certain Jefferson County, Alabama (the “County”) warrant underwritings and swap transactions, various parties have brought civil litigation against the Firm. The County and a putative class of sewer rate payers have filed complaints against the Firm and several other defendants in Alabama state court. The suits allege that the Firm made payments to certain third parties in exchange for being chosen to underwrite more than $3 billion in warrants issued by the County and chosen as the counterparty for certain swaps executed by the County. The complaints also allege that the Firm concealed these third-party payments and that, but for this concealment, the County would not have entered into the transactions. The Court denied the Firm’s motions to dismiss the complaints in both proceedings. The Firm filed a mandamus petition with the Alabama Supreme Court, seeking immediate appellate review of this decision. The mandamus petition in the County’s lawsuit was denied in April 2011. The mandamus petition in the lawsuit brought by sewer ratepayers remains pending.
Separately, two insurance companies that guaranteed the payment of principal and interest on warrants issued by Jefferson County have filed separate actions against the Firm in New York state court. Their complaints assert that the Firm fraudulently misled them into issuing insurance based upon substantially the same alleged conduct described above and other alleged non-disclosures. One insurer claims that it insured an aggregate principal amount of nearly $1.2 billion and seeks unspecified damages in excess of $400 million, as well as unspecified punitive damages. The other insurer claims that it insured an aggregate principal amount of more than $378 million and seeks recovery of $4 million allegedly paid under the policies to date as well as any future payments and unspecified punitive damages. In December 2010, the court denied the Firm’s motions to dismiss each of the complaints. Discovery is proceeding.
Overdraft Fee/Debit Posting Order Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. has been named as a defendant in several purported class actions relating to its practices in posting debit card transactions to customers’ deposit accounts. Plaintiffs allege that the Firm improperly re-ordered debit card transactions from the highest amount to lowest amount before processing these transactions in order to generate unwarranted overdraft fees. Plaintiffs contend that the Firm should have processed such transactions in the

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chronological order they were authorized. Plaintiffs seek the disgorgement of all overdraft fees paid to the Firm by plaintiffs since approximately 2003 as a result of the re-ordering of debit card transactions. The claims against the Firm have been consolidated with numerous complaints against other national banks in Multi-District Litigation pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida. The Firm’s motion to compel arbitration of certain plaintiffs’ claims was denied by the District Court. That ruling is currently on appeal. Discovery is proceeding in the District Court.
Petters Bankruptcy and Related Matters. JPMorgan Chase and certain of its affiliates, including One Equity Partners (“OEP”), have been named as defendants in several actions filed in connection with the receivership and bankruptcy proceedings pertaining to Thomas J. Petters and certain entities affiliated with Petters (collectively, “Petters”) and the Polaroid Corporation. The principal actions against JPMorgan Chase and its affiliates have been brought by the court appointed receiver in the civil action filed by the federal government against Petters and the trustees in the bankruptcy proceedings for three Petters entities, and generally seek to avoid, on fraudulent transfer and preference grounds, certain purported transfers in connection with (i) the 2005 acquisition of Polaroid by Petters, which at the time was majority-owned by OEP; (ii) two credit facilities that JPMorgan Chase and other financial institutions entered into with Polaroid; and (iii) a credit line and investment accounts held by Petters. The actions collectively seek recovery of approximately $450 million. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaints in the actions filed by the Petters bankruptcy trustees and have also sought to transfer those actions to the United States District Court for the District of Minnesota, where the receiver’s action is pending.
Securities Lending Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. has been named as a defendant in four putative class actions asserting ERISA and other claims pending in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York brought by participants in the Firm’s securities lending business. A fifth lawsuit was filed in New York state court by an individual participant in the program. Three of the purported class actions, which have been consolidated, relate to investments of approximately $500 million in medium-term notes of Sigma Finance Inc. (“Sigma”). In August 2010, the Court certified a plaintiff class consisting of all securities lending participants that held Sigma medium-term notes on September 30, 2008, including those that held the notes by virtue of participation in the investment of cash collateral through a collective fund, as well as those that held the notes by virtue of the investment of cash collateral through individual accounts. All discovery has been completed. JPMorgan Chase has moved for partial summary judgment as to plaintiffs’ duty of loyalty claim, in which it is alleged that the Firm created an impermissible conflict of interest by providing repurchase financing to Sigma while also holding Sigma medium-term notes in securities lending accounts.
The fourth putative class action concerns investments of approximately $500 million in Lehman Brothers medium-term notes. The Firm has moved to dismiss the amended complaint and is awaiting a decision. Discovery is proceeding while the motion is pending. The New York state court action, which is not a class action, concerns the plaintiff’s alleged loss of money in both Sigma and Lehman Brothers medium-term notes. The Firm has answered the complaint. Discovery is proceeding.
Service Members Civil Relief Act and Housing and Economic Recovery Act Investigations and Litigation. Multiple government officials have announced inquiries into the Firm’s procedures related to the Service Members Civil Relief Act (“SCRA”) and the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (“HERA”). These inquiries have been prompted by the Firm’s public statements about its SCRA and HERA compliance and actions to remedy certain instances in which the Firm mistakenly charged active or recently-active military personnel mortgage interest and fees in excess of that permitted by SCRA and HERA, and in a number of instances, foreclosed on borrowers protected by SCRA and HERA. The Firm has implemented a number of procedural enhancements and controls to strengthen its SCRA and HERA compliance. In addition, an individual borrower filed a nationwide class action in United States District Court for South Carolina against the Firm alleging violations of the SCRA related to home loans. The Firm agreed to pay $27 million plus attorneys’ fees, in addition to reimbursements previously paid by the Firm, to settle the class action. The settlement has received preliminary approval by the court and is subject to final court approval.
Washington Mutual Litigations. Subsequent to JPMorgan Chase’s acquisition from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) of substantially all of the assets and certain specified liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank (“Washington Mutual Bank”) in September 2008, Washington Mutual Bank’s parent holding company, Washington Mutual, Inc. (“WMI”) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, WMI Investment Corp. (together, the “Debtors”), both commenced voluntary cases under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware (the “Bankruptcy Case”). In the Bankruptcy Case, the Debtors have asserted rights and interests in certain assets. The assets in dispute include principally the following: (a) approximately $4 billion in trust securities contributed by WMI to Washington Mutual Bank (the “Trust Securities”); (b) the right to tax refunds arising from overpayments attributable to operations of Washington Mutual Bank and its subsidiaries; (c) ownership of and other rights in approximately $4 billion that WMI contends are deposit accounts at Washington Mutual Bank and one of its subsidiaries; and (d) ownership of and rights in various other contracts and other assets (collectively, the “Disputed Assets”).
WMI, JPMorgan Chase and the FDIC have since been involved in litigations over these and other claims pending in the Bankruptcy Court and the United States District Court for the District of Columbia.


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In May 2010, WMI, JPMorgan Chase and the FDIC announced a global settlement agreement among themselves and significant creditor groups (the “Global Settlement Agreement”). The Global Settlement Agreement is incorporated into WMI’s proposed Chapter 11 plan (“the Plan”) that has been submitted to the Bankruptcy Court. If approved by the Bankruptcy Court, the Global Settlement would resolve numerous disputes among WMI, JPMorgan Chase, the FDIC in its capacity as receiver for Washington Mutual Bank and the FDIC in its corporate capacity, as well as those of significant creditor groups, including disputes relating to the Disputed Assets.
The Bankruptcy Court considered confirmation of the Plan, including the Global Settlement Agreement, in hearings in early December 2010. In early January 2011, the Bankruptcy Court issued an opinion in which it concluded that the Global Settlement Agreement is fair and reasonable, but that the Plan cannot be confirmed until the parties correct certain deficiencies, which include the scope of releases. None of these deficiencies relates to the Disputed Assets. The Equity Committee, which represents shareholders of WMI, has filed a petition seeking a direct appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit from so much of the Bankruptcy Court’s ruling that found the settlement to be fair and reasonable. A revised Plan was filed with the Bankruptcy Court in February 2011. The Bankruptcy Court concluded the evidentiary portion of the confirmation hearings for the revised Plan in July 2011. Oral argument is scheduled for August 24, 2011. If the Court ultimately confirms the Plan and the Global Settlement becomes effective, then the Firm currently estimates it will not incur net additional liabilities beyond those already reflected in its balance sheet for the numerous disputes covered by the Global Settlement.
Other proceedings related to Washington Mutual’s failure are also pending before the Bankruptcy Court. Among other actions, in July 2010, certain holders of the Trust Securities commenced an adversary proceeding in the Bankruptcy Court against JPMorgan Chase, WMI, and other entities seeking, among other relief, a declaratory judgment that WMI and JPMorgan Chase do not have any right, title or interest in the Trust Securities. In early January 2011, the Bankruptcy Court granted summary judgment to JPMorgan Chase and denied summary judgment to the plaintiffs in the Trust Securities adversary proceeding.
Other proceedings related to Washington Mutual’s failure are pending before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and include a lawsuit brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, initially against the FDIC, asserting an estimated $6 billion to $10 billion in damages based upon alleged breach of various mortgage securitization agreements and alleged violation of certain representations and warranties given by certain WMI subsidiaries in connection with those securitization agreements. The case includes assertions that JPMorgan Chase may have assumed liabilities relating to the mortgage securitization agreements. In April 2011, the District Court denied as premature motions by the Firm and the FDIC that sought a ruling on whether the FDIC retained liability for Deutsche Bank’s claims. Discovery is underway.
In addition, JPMorgan Chase was sued in an action originally filed in State Court in Texas (the “Texas Action”) by certain holders of WMI common stock and debt of WMI and Washington Mutual Bank who seek unspecified damages alleging that JPMorgan Chase acquired substantially all of the assets of Washington Mutual Bank from the FDIC at an allegedly too-low price. The Texas Action was transferred to the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, which ultimately granted JPMorgan Chase’s and the FDIC’s motions to dismiss the complaint. Plaintiffs appealed this dismissal and on June 24, 2011, the United States Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit reversed the trial court’s dismissal and remanded the case for further proceedings.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously in all such matters. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. The Firm accrues for potential liability arising from such proceedings when it is probable that such liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upwards or downwards, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm incurred litigation expense of $1.9 billion and $792 million, respectively, during the three months ended June 30, 2011, and 2010, and $3.0 billion and $3.7 billion, respectively, during the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or impact related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge, after consultation with counsel and after taking into account its current litigation reserves, that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued; as a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.

179





NOTE 24 – BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are six major reportable business segments - Investment Bank, Retail Financial Services, Card Services, Commercial Banking, Treasury & Securities Services and Asset Management, as well as a Corporate/Private Equity segment. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a definition of managed basis, see the footnotes to the table below. For a further discussion concerning JPMorgan Chase’s business segments, see Business Segment Results on pages 17–18 of this Form 10-Q, and pages 67–68 and Note 34 on pages 290–293 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Segment results
The following tables provide a summary of the Firm’s segment results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, on a managed basis. Total net revenue (noninterest revenue and net interest income) for each of the segments is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from tax-exempt securities and investments that receive tax credits are presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable securities and investments. This approach allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to these items is recorded within income tax expense/(benefit).
Effective January 1, 2011, capital allocated to CS was reduced, largely reflecting portfolio runoff and the improving risk profile of the business; capital allocated to TSS was increased, reflecting growth in the underlying business. The Firm continues to assess the level of capital required for each line of business, as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital to the business segments, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.
Segment results and reconciliation(a)
Three months ended June 30, 2011 
(in millions, except ratios)
Investment
Bank
Retail Financial
Services
Card
Services
Commercial
Banking
Treasury &
Securities Services
Asset Management
Corporate/
Private Equity 
Reconciling Items(c)
Total
Noninterest revenue
$
5,233

$
3,405

$
1,016

$
598

$
1,183

$
2,139

$
1,847

$
(478
)
$
14,943

Net interest income
2,081

4,571

2,911

1,029

749

398

218

(121
)
11,836

Total net revenue
7,314

7,976

3,927

1,627

1,932

2,537

2,065

(599
)
26,779

Provision for credit losses
(183
)
1,128

810

54

(2
)
12

(9
)

1,810

Credit allocation income/(expense)(b)




32



(32
)

Noninterest expense
4,332

5,637

1,622

563

1,453

1,794

1,441


16,842

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
3,165

1,211

1,495

1,010

513

731

633

(631
)
8,127

Income tax expense/(benefit)
1,108

629

584

403

180

292

131

(631
)
2,696

Net income
$
2,057

$
582

$
911

$
607

$
333

$
439

$
502

$

$
5,431

Average common equity
$
40,000

$
28,000

$
13,000

$
8,000

$
7,000

$
6,500

$
71,577

$

$
174,077

Average assets
841,355

352,836

132,443

143,560

52,688

74,206

595,455

NA

2,192,543

Return on average common equity
21
%
8
%
28
%
30
%
19
%
27
%
NM

NM

12
%
Overhead ratio
59

71

41

35

75

71

NM

NM

63


180





Three months ended June 30, 2010
(in millions, except ratios)
Investment
Bank
Retail Financial
Services
Card
Services
Commercial
Banking
Treasury &
Securities Services
Asset Management
Corporate/
Private Equity 
Reconciling Items(c)
Total
Noninterest revenue
$
4,432

$
2,992

$
861

$
546

$
1,227

$
1,699

$
1,103

$
(446
)
$
12,414

Net interest income
1,900

4,817

3,356

940

654

369

747

(96
)
12,687

Total net revenue
6,332

7,809

4,217

1,486

1,881

2,068

1,850

(542
)
25,101

Provision for credit losses
(325
)
1,715

2,221

(235
)
(16
)
5

(2
)

3,363

Credit allocation income/(expense)(b)




(30
)


30


Noninterest expense
4,522

4,281

1,436

542

1,399

1,405

1,046


14,631

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
2,135

1,813

560

1,179

468

658

806

(512
)
7,107

Income tax expense/(benefit)
754

771

217

486

176

267

153

(512
)
2,312

Net income
$
1,381

$
1,042

$
343

$
693

$
292

$
391

$
653

$

$
4,795

Average common equity
$
40,000

$
28,000

$
15,000

$
8,000

$
6,500

$
6,500

$
55,069

$

$
159,069

Average assets
710,005

381,906

146,816

133,309

42,868

63,426

565,317

NA

2,043,647

Return on average common equity
14
%
15
%
9
%
35
%
18
%
24
%
NM

NM

12
%
Overhead ratio
71

55

34

36

74

68

NM

NM

58

Six months ended June 30, 2011
(in millions, except ratios)
Investment
Bank
Retail Financial
Services
Card
Services
Commercial
Banking
Treasury &
Securities Services
Asset Management
Corporate/
Private Equity 
Reconciling Items(c)
Total
Noninterest revenue
$
11,409

$
5,050

$
1,798

$
1,100

$
2,320

$
4,159

$
3,325

$
(902
)
$
28,259

Net interest income
4,138

9,201

6,111

2,043

1,452

784

252

(240
)
23,741

Total net revenue
15,547

14,251

7,909

3,143

3,772

4,943

3,577

(1,142
)
52,000

Provision for credit losses
(612
)
2,454

1,036

101

2

17

(19
)

2,979

Credit allocation income/(expense)(b)




59



(59
)

Noninterest expense
9,348

10,899

3,177

1,126

2,830

3,454

2,003


32,837

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
6,811

898

3,696

1,916

999

1,472

1,593

(1,201
)
16,184

Income tax expense/(benefit)
2,384

524

1,442

763

350

567

369

(1,201
)
5,198

Net income
$
4,427

$
374

$
2,254

$
1,153

$
649

$
905

$
1,224

$

$
10,986

Average common equity
$
40,000

$
28,000

$
13,000

$
8,000

$
7,000

$
6,500

$
69,259

$

$
171,759

Average assets
828,662

358,520

135,262

141,989

50,294

71,577

562,437

NA

2,148,741

Return on average common equity
22
%
3
%
35
%
29
%
19
%
28
%
NM

NM

13
%
Overhead ratio
60

76

40

36

75

70

NM

NM

63



181





Six months ended June 30, 2010
(in millions, except ratios)
Investment
Bank
Retail Financial
Services
Card
Services
Commercial
Banking
Treasury &
Securities Services
Asset Management
Corporate/
Private Equity
Reconciling Items(c)
Total
Noninterest revenue
$
10,623

$
5,744

$
1,619

$
1,046

$
2,373

$
3,473

$
2,384

$
(887
)
$
26,375

Net interest income
4,028

9,841

7,045

1,856

1,264

726

1,823

(186
)
26,397

Total net revenue
14,651

15,585

8,664

2,902

3,637

4,199

4,207

(1,073
)
52,772

Provision for credit losses
(787
)
5,448

5,733

(21
)
(55
)
40

15


10,373

Credit allocation income/(expense)(b)




(60
)


60


Noninterest expense
9,360

8,523

2,838

1,081

2,724

2,847

3,382


30,755

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
6,078

1,614

93

1,842

908

1,312

810

(1,013
)
11,644

Income tax expense/(benefit)
2,226

703

53

759

337

529

(71
)
(1,013
)
3,523

Net income
$
3,852

$
911

$
40

$
1,083

$
571

$
783

$
881

$

$
8,121

Average common equity
$
40,000

$
28,000

$
15,000

$
8,000

$
6,500

$
6,500

$
53,590

$

$
157,590

Average assets
693,157

387,854

151,864

133,162

40,583

62,978

571,579

NA

2,041,177

Return on average common equity
19
%
7
%
1
%
27
%
18
%
24
%
NM

NM

10
%
Overhead ratio
64

55

33

37

75

68

NM

NM

58

(a)
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, management reviews the Firm’s lines of business results on a “managed basis,” which is a non-GAAP financial measure. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications as discussed below that do not have any impact on net income as reported by the lines of business or by the Firm as a whole.
(b)
IB manages traditional credit exposures related to the Global Corporate Bank (“GCB”) on behalf of IB and TSS. Effective January 1, 2011, IB and TSS share the economics related to the Firm’s GCB clients. Included within this allocation are net revenues, provision for credit losses, as well as expenses. Prior-year period reflected a reimbursement to IB for a portion of the total costs of managing the credit portfolio. IB recognizes this credit allocation as a component of all other income.
(c)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on a fully tax-equivalent basis, with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results. Tax-equivalent adjustments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, were as follows.

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2011

2010

 
2011

2010

Noninterest revenue
$
510

$
416

 
$
961

$
827

Net interest income
121

96

 
240

186

Income tax expense
631

512

 
1,201

1,013



182





Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
We have reviewed the consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the “Firm”) as of June 30, 2011, and the related consolidated statements of income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, and the consolidated statements of cash flows and consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2011 and June 30, 2010, included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2011. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the consolidated interim financial statements, for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 28, 2011, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.


August 5, 2011




















PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

183





JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS, INTEREST AND RATES
(Taxable-Equivalent Interest and Rates; in millions, except rates)
 
Three months ended June 30, 2011
 
Three months ended June 30, 2010
 
Average
balance
Interest
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest
Rate
(annualized)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
75,801

$
144

 
0.76
%
 
 
$
58,737

$
92

 
0.63
%
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
202,036

604

 
1.20

 
 
189,573

398

 
0.84

 
Securities borrowed
124,806

30

 
0.10

 
 
113,650

32

 
0.11

 
Trading assets – debt instruments
285,104

3,007

 
4.23

 
 
245,532

2,601

 
4.25

 
Securities
342,248

2,647

 
3.10

(d) 
 
327,425

2,564

 
3.14

(d) 
Loans
686,111

9,163

 
5.36

 
 
705,189

9,991

 
5.68

 
Other assets(a)
48,716

158

 
1.30

 
 
34,429

137

 
1.60

 
Total interest-earning assets
1,764,822

15,753

 
3.58

 
 
1,674,535

15,815

 
3.79

 
Allowance for loan losses
(29,548
)
 
 
 
 
 
(37,929
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
27,226

 
 
 
 
 
33,535

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
137,611

 
 
 
 
 
95,080

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
82,860

 
 
 
 
 
79,409

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
48,834

 
 
 
 
 
48,348

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
12,618

 
 
 
 
 
14,510

 
 
 
 
Purchased credit card relationships
781

 
 
 
 
 
1,102

 
 
 
 
Other intangibles
2,957

 
 
 
 
 
3,163

 
 
 
 
Other assets
144,382

 
 
 
 
 
131,894

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,192,543

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,043,647

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
732,766

$
1,123

 
0.61
%
 
 
$
668,953

$
883

 
0.53
%
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
281,843

202

 
0.29

 
 
273,614

(49
)
(e) 
(0.07
)
(e) 
Commercial paper
41,682

20

 
0.19

 
 
37,557

18

 
0.19

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(b)(c)
212,878

668

 
1.26

 
 
189,826

527

 
1.11

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
69,399

202

 
1.17

 
 
90,085

306

 
1.36

 
Long-term debt(c)
273,934

1,581

 
2.31

 
 
270,085

1,347

 
2.00

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,612,502

3,796

 
0.94

 
 
1,530,120

3,032

 
0.79

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
247,137

 
 
 
 
 
209,615

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments
3,289

 
 
 
 
 
5,216

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
66,009

 
 
 
 
 
62,547

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
81,729

 
 
 
 
 
68,928

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
2,010,666

 
 
 
 
 
1,876,426

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
7,800

 
 
 
 
 
8,152

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
174,077

 
 
 
 
 
159,069

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
181,877

 
 
 
 
 
167,221

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,192,543

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,043,647

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 
 
 
2.64

 
 
 
 
 
3.00

 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
11,957

 
2.72
%
 
 
 
$
12,783

 
3.06
%
 
(a)
Includes margin loans.
(b)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2011, long-term advances from FHLBs were reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The prior-year period has been revised to conform with the current presentation; average long-term FHLBs advances for the three months ended June 30, 2010 , were $14.0 billion.
(d)
For the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the annualized rates for AFS securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.15% and 3.19%, respectively.
(e)
Reflects a benefit from the favorable market environments for dollar-roll financings in the second quarter of 2010.

184





JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
CONSOLIDATED AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS, INTEREST AND RATES
(Taxable-Equivalent Interest and Rates; in millions, except rates)
 
Six months ended June 30, 2011
 
Six months ended June 30, 2010
 
Average
balance
Interest
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest
Rate
(annualized)
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
56,584

$
245

 
0.87
%
 
 
$
61,468

$
187

 
0.61
%
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
202,256

1,147

 
1.14

 
 
179,858

805

 
0.90

 
Securities borrowed
119,726

77

 
0.13

 
 
114,140

61

 
0.11

 
Trading assets – debt instruments
280,334

5,932

 
4.27

 
 
246,804

5,392

 
4.41

 
Securities
330,657

4,918

 
3.00

(d) 
 
332,405

5,508

 
3.34

(d) 
Loans
687,117

18,694

 
5.49

 
 
715,108

20,567

 
5.80

 
Other assets(a)
49,299

306

 
1.25

 
 
31,175

230

 
1.49

 
Total interest-earning assets
1,725,973

31,319

 
3.66

 
 
1,680,958

32,750

 
3.93

 
Allowance for loan losses
(30,669
)
 
 
 
 
 
(38,430
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
28,274

 
 
 
 
 
31,789

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
139,769

 
 
 
 
 
89,408

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
84,141

 
 
 
 
 
79,048

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
48,840

 
 
 
 
 
48,445

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
13,317

 
 
 
 
 
14,831

 
 
 
 
Purchased credit card relationships
819

 
 
 
 
 
1,149

 
 
 
 
Other intangibles
3,014

 
 
 
 
 
3,136

 
 
 
 
Other assets
135,263

 
 
 
 
 
130,843

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,148,741



 
 
 
 
$
2,041,177

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
716,932

$
2,045

 
0.58
%
 
 
$
673,169

$
1,727

 
0.52
%
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
280,056

319

 
0.23

 
 
272,779

(80
)
(e) 
(0.06
)
(e) 
Commercial paper
39,273

39

 
0.20

 
 
37,509

35

 
0.19

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(b)(c)
203,398

1,350

 
1.34

 
 
179,586

1,103

 
1.24

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
71,156

416

 
1.18

 
 
94,072

636

 
1.36

 
Long-term debt(c)
271,559

3,169

 
2.35

 
 
275,883

2,746

 
2.01

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,582,374

7,338

 
0.94

 
 
1,532,998

6,167

 
0.81

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
238,347

 
 
 
 
 
204,871

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments
5,568

 
 
 
 
 
5,470

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
68,634

 
 
 
 
 
60,809

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
74,259

 
 
 
 
 
71,287

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
1,969,182



 
 
 
 
1,875,435

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
7,800

 
 
 
 
 
8,152

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
171,759

 
 
 
 
 
157,590

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
179,559

 
 
 
 
 
165,742

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,148,741

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,041,177

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 
 
 
2.72

 
 
 
 
 
3.12

 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
23,981

 
2.80
%
 
 
 
$
26,583

 
3.19
%
 
(a)
Includes margin loans.
(b)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(c)
Effective January 1, 2011, long-term advances from FHLBs were reclassified from other borrowed funds to long-term debt. The prior-year period has been revised to conform with the current presentation; average long-term FHLBs advances for the six months ended June 30, 2010, were $16.6 billion.
(d)
For the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, the annualized rates for AFS securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.04% and 3.39%, respectively.
(e)
Reflects a benefit from the favorable market environments for dollar-roll financings during the six months ended June 30, 2010.


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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
ACH: Automated Clearing House.
Advised lines of credit: An authorization which specifies the maximum amount of a credit facility the Firm has made available to an obligor on a revolving but nonbinding basis. The borrower receives written or oral advice of this facility. The Firm may cancel this facility at any time.
Allowance for loan losses to total loans: Represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
Assets under management: Represent assets actively managed by AM on behalf of Private Banking, Institutional and Retail clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called,” on which AM earns fees. Excludes assets managed by American Century Companies, Inc., in which the Firm has a 40% ownership interest as of June 30, 2011.
Assets under supervision: Represent assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: Represents the interest of third-party holders of debt/equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates. The underlying obligations of the VIEs consist of short-term borrowings, commercial paper and long-term debt. The related assets consist of trading assets, available-for-sale securities, loans and other assets.
Contractual credit card charge-off: In accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council policy, credit card loans are charged off by the end of the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due or within 60 days from receiving notification about a specific event (e.g., bankruptcy of the borrower), whichever is earlier.
Corporate/Private Equity: Includes Private Equity, Treasury and Chief Investment Office, and Corporate Other, which includes other centrally managed expense and discontinued operations.
Credit derivatives: Contractual agreements that provide protection against a credit event on one or more referenced credits. The nature of a credit event is established by the protection buyer and protection seller at the inception of a transaction, and such events include bankruptcy, insolvency or failure to meet payment obligations when due. The buyer of the credit derivative pays a periodic fee in return for a payment by the protection seller upon the occurrence, if any, of a credit event.
CUSIP number: A CUSIP (i.e. Committee on Uniform Securities Identification Procedures) number identifies most securities, including: stocks of all registered U.S. and Canadian companies, and U.S. government and municipal bonds. The CUSIP system – owned by the American Bankers Association and operated by Standard & Poor’s – facilitates the clearing and settlement process of securities. The number consists of nine characters (including letters and numbers) that uniquely identify a company or issuer and the type of security. A similar system is used to identify foreign securities (CUSIP International Numbering System).
Deposit margin: Represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board.
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk provided by credit bureaus, typically produced from statistical models by Fair Isaac Corporation utilizing data collected by the credit bureaus.
Forward points: Represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Global Corporate Bank: TSS and IB formed a joint venture to create the Firm’s Global Corporate Bank. With a team of bankers, the Global Corporate Bank serves multinational clients by providing them access to TSS products and services and certain IB products, including derivatives, foreign exchange and debt. The cost of this effort and the credit that the Firm extends to these clients is shared between TSS and IB.
Headcount-related expense: Includes salary and benefits (excluding performance-based incentives), and other noncompensation costs related to employees.
IASB: International Accounting Standards Board.
Interchange income: A fee paid to a credit card issuer in the clearing and settlement of a sales or cash advance transaction.
Interests in purchased receivables: Represents an ownership interest in cash flows of an underlying pool of receivables transferred by a third-party seller into a bankruptcy-remote entity, generally a trust.
Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/ “Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.

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LLC: Limited Liability Company.
Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the MSA level. These MSA-level home price indices comprise actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all lien positions related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Managed basis: A non-GAAP presentation of financial results that includes reclassifications to present revenue on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Management uses this non-GAAP financial measure at the segment level, because it believes this provides information to enable investors to understand the underlying operational performance and trends of the particular business segment and facilitates a comparison of the business segment with the performance of competitors.
Mark-to-market exposure: A measure, at a point in time, of the value of a derivative or foreign exchange contract in the open market. When the MTM value is positive, it indicates the counterparty owes JPMorgan Chase and, therefore, creates credit risk for the Firm. When the MTM value is negative, JPMorgan Chase owes the counterparty; in this situation, the Firm has liquidity risk.
Master netting agreement: An agreement between two counterparties who have multiple derivative contracts with each other that provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default on or termination of any one contract.
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high combined-loan-to-value (“CLTV”) ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. Perhaps the most important characteristic is limited documentation. A substantial proportion of traditional Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans generally have low default risk and are made to borrowers with good credit records and a monthly income at least three to four times greater than their monthly housing expense (mortgage payments plus taxes and other debt payments). These borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are designed for customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
 

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MSR risk management revenue: Includes changes in the fair value of the MSR asset due to market-based inputs, such as interest rates and volatility, as well as updates to assumptions used in the MSR valuation model; and derivative valuation adjustments and other, which represents changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to offset the impact of changes in the market-based inputs to the MSR valuation model.
Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class (e.g., long-term fixed income, equity, cash, real assets, private equity or hedge funds).
NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net charge-off rate: Represents net charge-offs (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NM: Not meaningful.
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefits.
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Participating securities: Represents unvested stock-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
Personal bankers: Retail branch office personnel who acquire, retain and expand new and existing customer relationships by assessing customer needs and recommending and selling appropriate banking products and services.
Portfolio activity: Describes changes to the risk profile of existing lending-related exposures and their impact on the allowance for credit losses from changes in customer profiles and inputs used to estimate the allowances.
Pre-provision profit: Pre-provision profit is total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Pretax margin: Represents income before income tax expense divided by total net revenue, which is, in management’s view, a comprehensive measure of pretax performance derived by measuring earnings after all costs are taken into consideration. It is, therefore, another basis that management uses to evaluate the performance of TSS and AM against the performance of their respective competitors.
Principal transactions: Realized and unrealized gains and losses from trading activities (including physical commodities inventories that are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or fair value) and changes in fair value associated with financial instruments held predominantly by IB for which the fair value option was elected. Principal transactions revenue also includes private equity gains and losses.
Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans: Acquired loans deemed to be credit-impaired under the FASB guidance for PCI loans. The guidance allows purchasers to aggregate credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics (e.g., FICO score, geographic location). A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. Wholesale loans are determined to be credit-impaired if they meet the definition of an impaired loan under U.S. GAAP at the acquisition date. Consumer loans are determined to be credit-impaired based on specific risk characteristics of the loan, including product type, LTV ratios, FICO scores, and past due status.
Receivables from customers: Primarily represents margin loans to prime and retail brokerage customers which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the wholesale lines of business.
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value.
Risk-weighted assets (“RWA”): Risk-weighted assets consist of on-and off-balance sheet assets that are assigned to one of several broad risk categories and weighted by factors representing their risk and potential for default. On-balance sheet assets are risk-weighted based on the perceived credit risk associated with the obligor or counterparty, the nature of any collateral, and the guarantor, if any. Off-balance sheet assets such as lending-related commitments, guarantees, derivatives and other applicable off-balance sheet positions are risk-weighted by multiplying the contractual amount by the appropriate credit conversion factor to determine the on-balance sheet credit equivalent amount, which is then risk-weighted based on the same factors used for on-

188





balance sheet assets. RWA also incorporate a measure for the market risk related to applicable trading assets-debt and equity instruments, and foreign exchange and commodity derivatives. The resulting risk-weighted values for each of the risk categories are then aggregated to determine total RWA.
Sales specialists: Retail branch office personnel who specialize in the marketing of a single product, including mortgages, investments and business banking, by partnering with the personal bankers.
Stress testing: A scenario that measures market risk under unlikely but plausible events in abnormal markets.
Taxable-equivalent basis: Total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from tax-exempt securities and investments that receive tax credits is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to fully taxable securities and investments. This non-GAAP financial measure allows management to assess the comparability of revenue arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to these items is recorded within income tax expense.
Troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”): Occurs when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty.
Unaudited: Financial statements and information that have not been subjected to auditing procedures sufficient to permit an independent certified public accountant to express an opinion.
U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations: Obligations of agencies originally established or chartered by the U.S. government to serve public purposes as specified by the U.S. Congress; these obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury.
Value-at-risk (“VaR”): A measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
Washington Mutual transaction: On September 25, 2008, JPMorgan Chase acquired the banking operations of Washington Mutual Bank (“Washington Mutual”) from the FDIC. For additional information, see Note 2 on pages 166–170 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
Investment Banking
IB’s revenue comprises the following:
Investment banking fees include advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.
Fixed income markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity markets primarily include revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and Prime Services.
Credit portfolio revenue includes net interest income, fees and loan sale activity, as well as gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, for IB’s credit portfolio. Credit portfolio revenue also includes the results of risk management related to the Firm’s lending and derivative activities.
Retail Financial Services
Description of selected business metrics within Retail Banking:
Personal bankers – Retail branch office personnel who acquire, retain and expand new and existing customer relationships by assessing customer needs and recommending and selling appropriate banking products and services.
Sales specialists – Retail branch office personnel who specialize in the marketing of a single product, including mortgages, investments and business banking, by partnering with the personal bankers.
Mortgage banking revenue comprises the following:
Net production revenue includes net gains or losses on originations and sales of prime and subprime mortgage loans, other production-related fees, and losses related to the repurchase of previously-sold loans.
Net mortgage servicing revenue includes the following components.
(a)
Operating revenue comprises:

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– All gross income earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, including stated service fees, excess service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees; and
– Modeled servicing portfolio runoff (or time decay).
(b)
Risk management comprises:
– Changes in the MSR asset fair value due to market-based inputs, such as interest rates and volatility, as well as updates to assumptions used in the MSR valuation model; and
– Derivative valuation adjustments and other, which represents changes in the fair value of derivative instruments used to offset the impact of changes in the market-based inputs to the MSR valuation model.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail – Borrowers who are buying or refinancing a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Wholesale – A third-party mortgage broker refers loan applications to a mortgage banker at the Firm. Brokers are independent loan originators that specialize in finding and counseling borrowers but do not provide funding for loans. The Firm exited the broker channel during 2008.
Correspondent – Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Correspondent negotiated transactions (“CNTs”) – These transactions occur when mid-to large-sized mortgage lenders, banks and bank-owned mortgage companies sell servicing to the Firm, on an as-originated basis, and exclude purchased bulk servicing transactions. These transactions supplement traditional production channels and provide growth opportunities in the servicing portfolio in stable and periods of rising interest rates.
Card Services
Description of selected business metrics within CS:
Sales volume – Dollar amount of cardmember purchases, net of returns.
Open accounts – Cardmember accounts with charging privileges.
Merchant acquiring business – A business that processes bank card transactions for merchants.
Bank card volume – Dollar amount of transactions processed for merchants.
Total transactions – Number of transactions and authorizations processed for merchants.
Commercial Card provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services and Business-to-Business payment solutions.
Commercial Banking
CB Client Segments:
Middle Market Banking covers corporate, municipal, financial institution and not-for-profit clients, with annual revenue generally ranging between $10 million and $500 million.
Corporate Client Banking covers clients with annual revenue generally ranging between $500 million and $2 billion and focuses on clients that have broader investment banking needs.
Commercial Term Lending primarily provides term financing to real estate investors/owners for multi-family properties as well as financing office, retail and industrial properties.
Real Estate Banking provides full-service banking to investors and developers of institutional-grade real estate properties.
Other primarily includes lending and investment activity within the Community Development Banking and Chase Capital segments.
CB revenue:
Lending includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a basis secured by receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures , leases, commercial card products and standby letters of credit.
Treasury services includes a broad range of products and services enabling clients to transfer, invest and manage the receipt and disbursement of funds, while providing the related information reporting. These products and services include U.S. dollar and multi-currency clearing, ACH, lockbox, disbursement and reconciliation services, check deposits, other check and currency-related services, trade finance and logistics solutions, deposit products, sweeps and money market mutual funds.

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Investment banking products provide clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through loan syndications, investment-grade debt, asset-backed securities, private placements, high-yield bonds, equity underwriting, advisory, interest rate derivatives, foreign exchange hedges and securities sales.
Other product revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking segment activity and certain income derived from principal transactions.
CB selected business metrics:
Liability balances include deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased, time deposits and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of customer cash management programs.
IB revenue, gross represents total revenue related to investment banking products sold to CB clients.
Treasury & Securities Services
Treasury & Securities Services firmwide metrics include certain TSS product revenue and liability balances reported in other lines of business related to customers who are also customers of those other lines of business. In order to capture the firmwide impact of Treasury Services and TSS products and revenue, management reviews firmwide metrics such as liability balances, revenue and overhead ratios in assessing financial performance for TSS. Firmwide metrics are necessary, in management’s view, in order to understand the aggregate TSS business.
Description of a business metric within TSS:
Liability balances include deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased, time deposits, and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of customer cash management programs.
Asset Management
Assets under management – Represent assets actively managed by AM on behalf of Private Banking, Institutional, and Retail clients. Includes “committed capital not called”, on which AM earns fees. Excludes assets managed by American Century Companies, Inc., in which the Firm has a 40% ownership interest as of June 30, 2011.
Assets under supervision – Represents assets under management as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset – Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class (e.g., long-term fixed income, equity, cash, real assets, private equity or hedge funds).
Alternative assets – The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate and private equity.
AM’s client segments comprise the following:
Institutional brings comprehensive global investment services – including asset management, pension analytics, asset/liability management and active risk budgeting strategies – to corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, not-for-profit organizations and governments worldwide.
Retail provides worldwide investment management services and retirement planning and administration through third-party and direct distribution of a full range of investment vehicles.
Private Banking offers investment advice and wealth management services to high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers, business owners and small corporations worldwide, including investment management, capital markets and risk management, tax and estate planning, banking, capital raising and specialty-wealth advisory services.
Item 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the Market Risk Management section of the Management’s discussion and analysis on pages 88–92 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 4 Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certification statements issued by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Chief Financial Officer.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, in a firm as

191





large and complex as JPMorgan Chase, lapses or deficiencies in internal controls may occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies – or even material weaknesses – in internal controls in the future. For further information, see Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting on page 158 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2011, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II Other Information
Item 1 Legal Proceedings
For information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part 1, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in the Firm’s 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K, see the discussion of the Firm’s material litigation in Note 23 on pages 172–179 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A Risk Factors
The following discussion supplements the discussion of risk factors affecting the Firm as set forth in Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors, on pages 5–12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The discussion of Risk Factors, as so supplemented, sets forth the material risk factors that could affect JPMorgan Chase’s financial condition and operations. Readers should not consider any descriptions of such factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that could affect the Firm.
JPMorgan Chase operates within a highly regulated industry, and the Firms business and results are significantly affected by the laws and regulations to which it is subject, including recently adopted legislation and regulations.
JPMorgan Chase is subject to regulation under state and federal laws in the United States, as well as the applicable laws of each of the jurisdictions outside the United States in which the Firm does business. These laws and regulations affect the way the Firm does business, may restrict the scope of its existing businesses, limit its ability to expand its product offerings or pursue acquisitions, or make offering its products and services more expensive.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 2010, will significantly increase the regulation of the financial services industry. This legislation, among other things: establishes a Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”), which will have broad authority to regulate the credit, savings, payment and other consumer financial products and services that the Firm offers; establishes a Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”) to oversee systemic risk, and provides regulators with the power to require such companies deemed “systemically important” to sell or transfer assets and terminate activities if the regulators determine that the size or scope of activities of the company pose a threat to the safety and soundness of the company or the financial stability of the United States; increases regulation of the over-the-counter derivatives market by requiring central clearing of standardized over-the-counter derivatives, and imposing heightened supervision of over-the-counter derivatives dealers and major market participants; imposes margin requirements on derivative transactions that could significantly reduce customer appetite for such products and, if applied abroad, could significantly reduce our ability to compete against foreign bank competitors in this and associated businesses; through so-called “push out” provisions, requires the Firm to significantly restructure its derivatives businesses or limit the Firm’s ability to manage collateral, margin and other risks; prohibits the Firm from engaging in certain proprietary trading activities and restricts its ownership of, investment in or sponsorship of, hedge funds and private equity funds (commonly referred to as the “Volcker Rule”); restricts the interchange fees that the Firm earns on debit card transactions (commonly referred to as the “Durbin Amendment”); requires bank regulators to phase out the treatment of trust preferred capital debt securities as Tier 1 capital for regulatory capital purposes; requires loan originators and sponsors retain at least a certain percentage of the credit risk of certain securitized exposures (referred to as “risk retention” or “skin in the game”); and requires the Firm to provide a credible plan for resolution under the Bankruptcy Code, and provides sanctions that include divestiture of assets or restructuring in the event the Firm’s plan is deemed insufficient.
The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (the “Basel Committee”) announced in December 2010 revisions to its Capital Accord (commonly referred to as “Basel III”), which will require higher capital ratio requirements for banks, narrow the definition of capital, expand the definition of risk-weighted assets, and introduce short term liquidity and term funding standards, among other things.
The European Union (“EU”) has created a European Systemic Risk Board to monitor financial stability. In addition, the Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (“G-20”) broadened the membership and scope of the Financial Stability Forum in 2008 to form the Financial Stability Board (“FSB”). These institutions, charged with developing ways to promote cross-border financial stability, are considering various proposals to address risks associated with global financial institutions. Some of these proposals include increased capital requirements for certain trading instruments or exposures; compensation limits on certain employees located in affected countries; and capital surcharges on, and resolution of, globally systemically important firms.
In June 2011, the Basel Committee and the FSB proposed that banks that are systemically important on a global basis be required to maintain additional capital above the Basel III Tier 1 common equity minimum, in amounts raging from 1% to 2.5%, depending upon the bank’s “systemic importance.” The announcement also noted that a possible additional 1% capital charge would be applied to banks that “increase materially their global systemic importance in the future.” This is designed to provide a disincentive for banks to increase their systemic importance.

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Based on the Firm’s current understanding of these new capital requirements, the Firm expects it will be in compliance with all of the standards to which it will be subject as they become effective. However, compliance with these capital standards, as well as compliance with the liquidity coverage standards that may be implemented in the future, may adversely affect the Firm’s operational or funding costs, reduce its return on equity, or cause the Firm to increase prices on, or alter the types of, products it offers to its customers and clients, thereby causing the Firm’s products to become less attractive or placing the Firm at a competitive disadvantage to financial institutions that are not subject to the same capital and liquidity requirements.
In June 2011, the Federal Reserve Board adopted rules implementing the “Durbin Amendment” provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which limits the amount the Firm can charge for each debit card transaction it processes. As a result, the Firm currently believes aggregate annualized gross revenue for Retail Banking may be reduced by approximately $1 billion per year. Although the Firm is currently considering various actions it may take to mitigate such anticipated declines in revenue, it is unlikely that any such actions would wholly offset the loss of revenue.
In the United States, the Department of the Treasury, FSOC, SEC, CFTC, Federal Reserve Board, OCC, CFPB and FDIC are engaged in extensive rule-making mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act. While certain regulations under Dodd-Frank have been adopted, much of the significant rule-making remains to be done. As a result, the complete scope of the Dodd-Frank Act remains uncertain. For example, until further implementing regulations under the Volcker Rule are adopted, the precise definition of prohibited “proprietary trading”, the scope of any exceptions for market making and hedging, and the scope of permitted hedge fund and private equity fund activities remains unknown. Based on the Firm’s current understanding and interpretation of the Volcker Rule, the Firm does not believe the application of the Volcker Rule to the Firm’s activities will have a significant material effect on the Firm’s results of operations or result in a material disruption to the Firm’s businesses or opportunities. However, it is possible that the scope of the final regulations implementing the Volcker Rule will be broader or more stringent than currently anticipated. The Firm is also unable at this time to quantify the possible effects on its business and operations of many of the other significant provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, including, but not limited to those provisions related to the trading and settlement of derivatives and the extent to which the CFPB will mandate changes in consumer products and practices. Accordingly, the complete impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and its precise implications to the Firm’s activities and businesses remains indeterminate.
In addition, the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act cannot be fully assessed without taking into consideration how non-U.S. policymakers and regulators will respond to such legislation, and how the cumulative effects of both U.S. and non-U.S laws and regulations will affect the businesses and operations of the Firm. There is no assurance that additional legislative or regulatory actions in the United States, the EU or in other countries, would not result in a significant loss of revenue, limit the Firm’s ability to pursue business opportunities in which it might otherwise consider engaging, affect the value of assets that the Firm holds, require the Firm to increase its prices and therefore reduce demand for its products, impose additional costs on the Firm, or otherwise adversely affect the Firm’s businesses. Accordingly, the Firm cannot provide assurance that any such new or additional legislation or regulations would not have an adverse effect on its business, results of operations or financial condition in the future.
Further, if the Firm does not comply with current or future legislation and regulations that apply to its operations, the Firm may be subject to fines, penalties or material restrictions on its businesses, as well as associated reputational damage. In recent years, regulatory oversight and enforcement have increased substantially, imposing additional costs and increasing the potential risks associated with the Firm’s operations. As this regulatory trend continues, it could adversely affect the Firm’s operations and, in turn, its financial results.

Item 2 Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the second quarter of 2011, there were no shares of common stock of JPMorgan Chase & Co. issued in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.
Stock repurchases under the stock repurchase program
On March 18, 2011, the Board of Directors approved a $15.0 billion common equity repurchase program, of which $8.0 billion is authorized for repurchase in 2011. The $15.0 billion repurchase program supersedes a $10.0 billion repurchase program approved in 2007. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2011, the Firm repurchased an aggregate of 80 million and 82 million shares, for $3.5 billion and $3.6 billion, at an average price per share of $43.33 and $43.39, respectively. As of June 30, 2011, $11.4 billion of authorized repurchase capacity remained, of which $4.4 billion of approved capacity remains for use during 2011. For the seven months ended July 31, 2011, the Firm has repurchased an aggregate of 99 million shares for $4.3 billion at an average price per share of $42.91.
Management and the Board will continue to assess and make decisions regarding alternatives for deploying capital, as appropriate, over the course of the year. Any planned use of the repurchase program beyond the repurchases approved for 2011 will be reviewed by the Firm with banking regulators before taking action.
The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common stock – for example, during internal trading “black-out periods.” All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.

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The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time. For a discussion of restrictions on stock repurchases, see Note 23 on pages 267–268 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2010 Annual Report.
Six months ended
June 30, 2011
Total shares repurchased
 
Average price paid
per share(a)
 
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(b)
 
Repurchases under the $10.0 billion program
 

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$
3,222

(c) 
 
Repurchases under the $15.0 billion program
 
2,081,440

 
 
 
45.66

 
 
 
14,905

 
 
First quarter
 
2,081,440

 
 
 
45.66

 
 
 
14,905

 
 
April
 
16,100,365

 
 
 
45.04

 
 
 
14,180

 
 
May
 
36,483,013

 
 
 
43.95

 
 
 
12,576

 
 
June
 
27,726,054

 
 
 
41.52

 
 
 
11,425

 
 
Second quarter
 
80,309,432

 
 
 
43.33

 
 
 
11,425

 
 
Year-to-date
 
82,390,872

 
 
 
$
43.39

 
 
 
$
11,425

(d) 
 
(a)
Excludes commissions cost.
(b)
The amount authorized by the Board of Directors excludes commissions cost.
(c)
The unused portion of the $10.0 billion program was canceled when the $15.0 billion program was authorized.
(d)
Dollar value remaining under the new $15.0 billion program.

Stock repurchases under the stock-based incentive plans
Participants in the Firm’s stock-based incentive plans may have shares withheld to cover income taxes. Shares withheld to pay income taxes are repurchased pursuant to the terms of the applicable plan and not under the Firm’s repurchase program. Shares repurchased pursuant to these plans during the first six months of 2011 were as follows.
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2011
Total shares repurchased
 
  Average price paid per share
 
 
 
First quarter
 
442

 
 
 
$
45.89

 
 
 
April
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
May
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
June
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
Second quarter
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
Year-to-date
 
442

 
 
 
$
45.89

 
 


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Item 3 Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 5 Other Information
None.
Item 6 Exhibits
15 – Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information(a) 
31.1 – Certification(a) 
31.2 – Certification(a) 
32 – Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002(b) 
101.INS XBRL Instance Document(c)(d) 
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document(d) 
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document(d) 
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document(d) 
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document(d) 
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document(d) 

(a)
Filed herewith.
(b)
This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)
Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(d)
As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.


196





SIGNATURE






Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.








        
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO.
(Registrant)
Date:
August 5, 2011

By
/s/ Louis Rauchenberger
 
Louis Rauchenberger
 
 
 
Managing Director and Controller
 
[Principal Accounting Officer]


197





INDEX TO EXHIBITS




EXHIBIT NO.
 
EXHIBITS
 
 
 
15
 
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification
 
 
 
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002†
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document††
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document††
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document††
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document††
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document††
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document††
 
 
 
 
This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
 
††
 
As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or otherwise subject to liability under those sections.


198