20-F
Table of Contents

United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

Commission file number 025566

ASML HOLDING N.V.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

THE NETHERLANDS

(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)

DE RUN 6501

5504 DR VELDHOVEN

THE NETHERLANDS

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Craig DeYoung

Telephone: +1 480 696 2762

E-mail: craig.deyoung@asml.com

2650 W Geronimo Place

Chandler, AZ 85224, USA

(Name, Telephone, E-mail, and / or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

  Title of each class    Name of each exchange on which registered  
  Ordinary Shares    The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC  
  (nominal value EUR 0.09 per share)     

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of

capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

440,852,334 Ordinary Shares

(nominal value EUR 0.09 per share)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes (x) No ( )

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant

is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ( ) No (x)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant

was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes (x) No ( )

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically

and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive

Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule

405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the

preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes (x) No ( )

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer.

See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer (x) Accelerated filer ( ) Non-accelerated filer ( )

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare

the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP (x) International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the

International Accounting Standards Board ( ) Other ( )

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by checkmark

which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

Item 17 ( ) Item 18 ( )

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a

shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act)

Yes ( ) No (x)

Name and address of person authorized to receive notices and communications

from the Securities and Exchange Commission:

James A. McDonald

Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom (UK) LLP

40 Bank Street, Canary Wharf London E14 5DS England

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013      


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LOGO

 

 

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Table of Contents

 

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Form 20-F


Table of Contents


Table of Contents

Contents

 

Part I

1

 

Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

1

 

Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

1

 

Item 3 Key Information

 

A.    Selected Financial Data

 

B.    Capitalization and Indebtedness

 

C.    Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

 

D.    Risk Factors

13

 

Item 4 Information on the Company

 

A.    History and Development of the Company

 

B.    Business Overview

 

C.    Organizational Structure

 

D.    Property, Plant and Equipment

21

 

Item 4A Unresolved Staff Comments

21

 

Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

 

Executive Summary

 

A.    Operating Results

 

B.    Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

C.    Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

 

D.    Trend Information

 

E.    Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

F.    Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

 

G.    Safe Harbor

36

 

Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees

 

A.    Directors and Senior Management

 

B.    Compensation

 

C.    Board Practices

 

D.    Employees

 

E.    Share Ownership

43

 

Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

 

A.    Major Shareholders

 

B.    Related Party Transactions

 

C.    Interests of Experts & Counsel

46

 

Item 8 Financial Information

 

A.    Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

 

B.    Significant Changes

46

 

Item 9 The Offer and Listing

 

A.    Offer and Listing Details

 

B.    Plan of Distribution

 

C.    Markets

 

D.    Selling Shareholders

 

E.    Dilution

 

F.    Expenses of the Issue

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013      


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47

 

Item 10 Additional Information

 

A.    Share Capital

 

B.    Memorandum and Articles of Association

 

C.    Material Contracts

 

D.    Exchange Controls

 

E.    Taxation

 

F.    Dividends and Paying Agents

 

G.    Statement by Experts

 

H.    Documents on Display

 

I.    Subsidiary Information

56

  Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

58

  Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities
Part II

59

  Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

59

  Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

59

  Item 15 Controls and Procedures

60

  Item 16
  A.    Audit Committee Financial Expert
  B.    Code of Ethics
  C.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services
  D.    Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
  E.    Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
  F.    Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant
  G.    Corporate Governance
  H.    Mine Safety Disclosure

Part III

63

 

Item 17 Financial Statements

63

 

Item 18 Financial Statements

63

 

Item 19 Exhibits

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013      


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ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013      


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Part I

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

In addition to historical information, this Annual Report contains statements relating to our future business and/or results. These statements include certain projections and business trends that are “forward-looking” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can generally identify these statements by the use of words like “may”, “will”, “could”, “should”, “project”, “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “plan”, “estimate”, “forecast”, “potential”, “intend”, “continue” and variations of these words or comparable words. They appear in a number of places throughout this report and include statements with respect to expected financial results, including expected sales levels made on expected gross margin and expenses, realization of systems backlog, expected shipment of tools, productivity of our tools, purchase commitments, IC unit demand, statements about our CCIP, the expected benefits of the Cymer acquisition and the development of EUV technology and the number of EUV systems expected to be shipped and recognized in revenue and the timing of shipments, our dividend policy and our intention to repurchase shares. These statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about the business and our future financial results and readers should not place undue reliance on them.

Forward-looking statements do not guarantee future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from projected results as a result of certain risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those described under Item 3.D. “Risk Factors”. These forward-looking statements are made only as of the date of this Annual Report. We do not undertake to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Item 1 Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisors

Not applicable.

Item 2 Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable

Not applicable.

Item 3 Key Information

A. Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with Item 5 “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and Item 18 “Financial Statements”.

On May 30, 2013, we acquired 100 percent of the issued share capital of Cymer. Comparative financial information presented in our Annual Report does not include Cymer, unless indicated otherwise.

A summary of all abbreviations and technical terms used in this Annual Report is set forth on pages D-1 through D-4.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    1   


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Five-Year Financial Summary

 

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands, except per share data)

    

 

2013

EUR

  

  

    

 

2012

EUR

  

  

    

 

2011

EUR

 1 

  

   

 

2010

EUR

  

  

    

 

2009 

EUR 

  

  

 

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations data

             

Net sales

     5,245,326         4,731,555         5,651,035        4,507,938         1,596,063     

Cost of sales

     (3,068,064)         (2,726,298)         (3,201,645)        (2,552,768)         (1,137,671)     

 

 

Gross profit

     2,177,262         2,005,257         2,449,390        1,955,170         458,392     

Other income

     64,456         -         -        -         -     

Research and development costs

     (882,029)         (589,182)         (590,270)        (523,426)         (466,761)     

Selling, general and administrative costs

     (311,741)         (259,301)         (217,904)        (181,045)         (154,756)     

 

 

Income (loss) from operations

     1,047,948         1,156,774         1,641,216        1,250,699         (163,125)     

Interest and other, net

     (24,471)         (6,196)         7,419        (8,176)         (8,425)     

 

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

     1,023,477         1,150,578         1,648,635        1,242,523         (171,550)     

(Provision for) benefit from income taxes

     (7,987)         (4,262)         (181,675)        (220,703)         20,625     

 

 

Net income (loss)

     1,015,490         1,146,316         1,466,960        1,021,820         (150,925)     

Earnings per share data

             

Basic net income (loss) per ordinary share

     2.36         2.70         3.45        2.35         (0.35)     

Diluted net income (loss) per ordinary share2

     2.34         2.68         3.42        2.33         (0.35)     

Number of ordinary shares used in

computing per share amounts (in thousands)

             

Basic

     429,770         424,096         425,618        435,146         432,615     

Diluted2

     433,446         426,986         429,053        438,974         432,615     

 

 

 

1 As of January 1, 2011, we adopted ASU 2009-1 3, “Sales Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” which amended ASC 605-25. The ASU was adopted prospectively and had an insignificant impact on timing and allocation of revenues. See Note 1 to the Financial Statements.
2 The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under our stock option plans and the issuance of shares under our share plans for periods in which exercises or issuances would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share does not assume exercise of such options or issuance of shares when such exercises or issuance would be anti-dilutive.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    2   


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Five-Year Financial Summary

 

 

 

As of December 31

     2013        2012        2011  1      2010         2009        
(in thousands, unless otherwise indicated)    EUR     EUR     EUR     EUR      EUR         

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets data

                

Cash and cash equivalents

     2,330,694        1,767,596        2,731,782        1,949,834         1,037,074        

Short-term investments

     679,884        930,005        -        -         -        

Working capital2

     4,156,917        3,745,559        3,473,767        2,787,220         1,704,714        

Total assets

     11,513,730        7,410,478        7,260,815        6,180,358         3,764,151        

Long-term debt3

     1,074,570        759,490        736,368        710,060         699,756        

Total shareholders’ equity

     6,922,427        4,066,893        3,444,154        2,773,908         1,774,768        

Share capital

     40,092        37,470        38,354        39,293         39,028        

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows data

                

Depreciation and amortization

     228,775        186,620        165,185        151,444         141,631        

Impairment

     13,057        3,234        12,272        8,563         15,896        

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities

     1,054,173        703,478        2,070,440        940,048         99,194        

Purchase of property, plant and equipment4

     (210,804)        (171,878)        (300,898)        (128,728)         (104,959)        

Purchase of available for sale securities

     (904,856)        (1,379,997)        -        -         -        

Maturity of available for sale securities

     1,195,031        449,992        -        -         -        

Acquisition of subsidiary (net of cash acquired)

     (443,712)  5      (10,292)        -        -         -        

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

     (368,341)        (1,119,833)        (300,898)        (124,903)         (98,082)        

Net proceeds from issuance of shares

     31,822        3,907,666  6      34,084        31,000         11,073        

Capital repayment

     -        (3,728,324)  7      -        -         -        

Dividend paid

     (216,085)        (188,892)        (172,645)        (86,960)         (86,486)        

Deposits from customers

     -        -        (150,000)        150,000         -        

Purchase of shares

     (300,000)        (535,373)        (700,452)        -         -        

Net proceeds from issuance of notes

     740,445  8      -        -        -         -        

Repurchase of notes

     (368,303)  9      -        -        -         -        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (113,111)        (545,583)        (991,561)        92,702         (74,874)        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     563,098        (964,186)        781,948        912,760         (72,110)        

Ratios and other data

                

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales

     41.5        42.4        43.3        43.4         28.7        

Income (loss) from operations as a percentage of net sales

     20.0        24.4        29.0        27.7         (10.2)        

Net income (loss) as a percentage of net sales

     19.4        24.2        26.0        22.7         (9.5)        

Shareholders’ equity as a percentage of total assets

     60.1        54.9        47.4        44.9         47.1        

Income taxes as a percentage of income (loss) before income taxes

     0.8        0.4        11.0        17.8         12.0        

Sales of systems (in units)

     157        170        222        197         70        

ASP of system sales (in millions)

     25.4        22.4        22.0        19.8         16.8        

Value of systems backlog excluding EUV (in millions)10,11

     1,953.3        1,214.1        1,732.5        3,855.7         2,113.7        

Systems backlog excluding EUV (in units)10,11

     56        46        71        157         69        

ASP of systems backlog excluding EUV (in millions)10,11

     34.9        26.4        24.4        24.6         30.6        

Value of booked systems excluding EUV (in millions)10,11

     4,644.0        3,312.3        2,909.3        6,212.7         2,535.4        

Net bookings excluding EUV (in units)10,11

     166        144        134        285         98        

ASP of booked systems excluding EUV (in millions)10,11

     28.0        23.0        21.7        21.8         25.9        

Number of payroll employees (in FTEs)

     10,360        8,497        7,955        7,184         6,548        

Number of temporary employees (in FTEs)

     2,865        2,139        1,935        2,061         1,137        

Increase (decrease) net sales in percentage

     10.9        (16.3)        25.4        182.4         (46.0)        

Number of ordinary shares issued and outstanding (in thousands)

     440,852        407,165        413,669        436,593         433,639        

ASML share price in EUR12

     68.04        48.00        32.48        28.90         24.00        

Volatility 260 days in percentage of our shares listed at NYSE

     23.98        28.64        32.46        30.25         38.45        

Euronext Amsterdam13

                

ASML share price in USD14

     93.70        64.39        41.79        38.34         34.09        

Volatility 260 days in percentage of our shares listed at NASDAQ15

     24.01        30.05        41.83        35.25         44.82        

Dividend per ordinary share in EUR

     0.61  16      0.53        0.46        0.40         0.20        

Dividend per ordinary share in USD

     0.00  16,17      0.73        0.60        0.54         0.27        

 

 

 

1 As of January 1, 2011, we adopted ASU 2009-1 3, “Sales Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” which amended ASC 605-25. The ASU was adopted prospectively and had an insignificant impact on timing and allocation of revenues. See Note 1 to the Financial Statements.
2 Working capital is calculated as the difference between total current assets and total current liabilities.
3 Long-term debt includes the current portion of long-term debt.
4 An amount of EUR 115.9 million (2012: EUR 204.8 million, 2011: EUR 300.5 million, 2010: EUR 214.1 million, 2009: EUR 159.0 million) of the additions in property, plant and equipment relates to non-cash transfers from inventory, an amount of EUR 12.5 million (2012: EUR 9.6 million, 2011: EUR 17.7 million, 2010 and 2009: EUR nil million) relates to other non-cash movements (mainly investments not yet paid and inceptions of finance lease arrangements). For further details see Note 12 to the Financial Statements.
5 In addition to the cash paid in relation to the acquisition of Cymer, we issued 36,464,576 shares for an amount of EUR 2,346.7 million (non-cash event) as part of the consideration paid.
6 The net proceeds from issuance of shares includes an amount of EUR 3,853.9 million related to the share issuances in connection to the CCIP.
7 The difference of EUR 125.6 million between the capital repayment of EUR 3,728.3 million and the net proceeds from issuance of shares of EUR 3,853.9 million relates to the capital repayment on ASML’s treasury shares which was also part of the Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012.
8 Net proceeds from issuance of notes relate to the total cash proceeds of EUR 740.4 million (net of incurred transaction costs) from the offering of our EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023.
9 Repurchase of notes relates to the net cash outflows of EUR 368.3 million for the partial repurchase of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 and partial unwinding of the related interest rate swaps.
10 Our systems backlog and net bookings include only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and system shipment and revenue recognition dates within the following 12 months have been assigned.

 

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11 From January 1, 2011, we value our net bookings and systems backlog at system sales value including factory options. Before January 1, 2011, we valued net bookings and systems backlog at full order value (i.e. including factory options, field options and services). The comparative figures for prior periods have not been adjusted because the impact on the comparative figures is insignificant (approximately EUR 20.0 million negative impact on backlog value as of December 31, 2010).
12 Closing ASML share price on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam of the relevant year (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
13 Volatility represents the variability in our share price on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam as measured over the 260 business days of each year presented (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
14 Closing ASML share price on NASDAQ of the relevant year (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
15 Volatility represents the variability in our share price on NASDAQ as measured over the 260 business days of each year presented (source: Bloomberg Finance LP).
16 Subject to approval of the AGM to be held on April 23, 2014.
17 The exchange rate used to convert the proposed dividend per ordinary share is the exchange rate at February 5, 2014.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    4   


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Exchange Rate Information

We publish our Financial Statements in euro. A portion of our net sales and costs is, and historically has been, denominated in currencies other than the euro. For a discussion of the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on our financial condition and results of operations, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results – Foreign Exchange Management”.

The following are the Noon Buying Rates certified by the Federal Reserve Bank for customs purposes, expressed in U.S. dollars per euro.

 

 

 

Calendar year   

2014

(through January 31, 2014)

     2013      2012      2011      2010      2009  

 

 

Period End

        1.35         1.38         1.32         1.30         1.33         1.43   

Period Average 1

        1.35         1.33         1.29         1.40         1.33         1.39   

Period High

        1.37         1.38         1.35         1.49         1.45         1.51   

Period Low

        1.35         1.28         1.21         1.29         1.20         1.25   

 

 

 

1 The average of the Noon Buying Rates on the last business day of each month during the period presented.

 

 

 

Months of   

January

2014

     December
2013
     November
2013
     October
2013
     September
2013
     August
2013
 

 

 

Period High

        1.37         1.38         1.36         1.38         1.35         1.34   

Period Low

        1.35         1.36         1.34         1.35         1.31         1.32   

 

 

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

In conducting our business, we face many risks that may interfere with our business objectives. Some of these risks relate to our operational processes, while others relate to our business environment. It is important to understand the nature of these risks and the impact they may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Some of the more relevant risks are described below. These risks are not the only ones that we face.

Risks Related to the Semiconductor Industry

The Semiconductor Industry is Highly Cyclical and We May Be Adversely Affected by Any Downturn

As a supplier to the global semiconductor industry, we are subject to the industry’s business cycles, of which the timing, duration and volatility are difficult to predict. The semiconductor industry has historically been cyclical. Sales of our lithography systems depend in large part upon the level of capital expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers. These capital expenditures depend upon a range of competitive and market factors, including:

 

The current and anticipated market demand for semiconductors and for products utilizing semiconductors;

 

Semiconductor prices;

 

Semiconductor production costs;

 

Changes in semiconductor inventory levels;

 

General economic conditions; and

 

Access to capital.

Reductions or delays in capital equipment purchases by our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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In an industry downturn, our ability to maintain profitability will depend substantially on whether we are able to lower our costs and break-even level, which is the level of sales that we must reach in a year to achieve positive net income. If sales decrease significantly as a result of an industry downturn and we are unable to adjust our costs over the same period, our net income may decline significantly or we may suffer losses. As we need to keep certain levels of inventory on hand to meet anticipated product and service demand, we may also incur increased costs related to inventory obsolescence in an industry downturn. In addition, industry downturns generally result in overcapacity, resulting in downward pressure on sales prices and impairment of machinery and equipment, which in the past has had, and in the future could have, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The ongoing financial crises that have affected the international banking system and global financial markets since 2008 have been in many respects unprecedented. Concerns persist over the debt burden of certain Eurozone countries and their ability to meet future obligations, the overall stability of the euro, and the suitability of the euro as a single currency given the diverse economic and political circumstances in individual Eurozone countries. These potential developments or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, remaining concerns over the effect of this financial crisis on financial institutions in Europe and globally, and the instability of the financial markets and the global economy in general could result in a number of follow-on effects on our business, including (i) declining business and consumer confidence resulting in reduced, or delayed purchase of our products or shorter-term capital expenditures for our products; insolvency of key suppliers resulting in product delays, (ii) an inability of customers to obtain credit to finance purchases of our products, delayed payments from our customers and/or customer insolvencies and (iii) other adverse effects that we cannot currently anticipate. If global economic and market conditions deteriorate, we are likely to experience material adverse impacts on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Conversely, in anticipation of periods of increasing demand for semiconductor manufacturing equipment, we must maintain sufficient manufacturing capacity and inventory and we must attract, hire, integrate and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees to meet customer demand. Our ability to predict the timing and magnitude of industry fluctuations is limited and our products require significant lead-time to successfully complete. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively increase our production capacity to respond to an increase in customer demand in an industry upturn resulting in lost sales, damage to customer relationships and we may lose market share.

Our Business Will Suffer If We Do Not Respond Rapidly to Commercial and Technological Changes in the Semiconductor Industry

The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to:

 

Rapid change towards more complex technologies;

 

Frequent new product introductions and enhancements;

 

Evolving industry standards;

 

Changes in customer requirements; and

 

Continued shortening of product life cycles.

Our products could become obsolete sooner than anticipated because of a faster than anticipated change in one or more of the technologies related to our products or in market demand for products based on a particular technology. Our success in developing new products and in enhancing our existing products depends on a variety of factors, including the successful management of our R&D programs and the timely completion of product development and design relative to competitors. If we do not develop and introduce new and enhanced systems at competitive prices and on a timely basis, our customers will not integrate our systems into the planning and design of new production facilities and upgrades of existing facilities, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In particular, we are investing considerable financial and other resources to develop and introduce new products and product enhancements, such as EUV, Immersion and holistic lithography. If we are unable to successfully develop and introduce these products and technologies, or if our customers do not fully adopt the new technologies, products or product enhancements due to a preference for more established or alternative new technologies and products or for any other reason, we may not recoup all of our investments in these technologies or products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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The success of EUV remains particularly dependent on light source availability and continuing related technical advances by us and our suppliers, as well as infrastructure developments in masks and photoresists, without which EUV tools cannot achieve the productivity and yield required to economically justify the higher price of these tools. A delay in the developments of these tools could discourage or result in much slower adoption of this technology. If the technologies that we pursue to assist our customers in producing smaller and more efficient chips, are not as effective as those developed by our competitors, or if our customers adopt new technological architectures that are less focused on lithography, this may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Face Intense Competition

The semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive. The principal elements of competition in our market are:

 

The technical performance characteristics of a lithography system;

 

The value of ownership of that system based on its purchase price, maintenance costs, productivity, and customer service and support costs;

 

The exchange rate of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen which results in varying prices and margins;

 

The strength and breadth of our portfolio of patents and other intellectual property rights; and

 

Our customers’ desire to obtain lithography equipment from more than one supplier.

Our competitiveness increasingly depends upon our ability to develop new and enhanced semiconductor equipment that is competitively priced and introduced on a timely basis, as well as our ability to protect and defend our intellectual property rights. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Intellectual Property”, Note 11 and Note 19 to the Financial Statements.

We compete primarily with Nikon and to a lesser degree with Canon. Both Nikon and Canon have substantial financial resources and broad patent portfolios. Each continues to introduce new products with improved price and performance characteristics that compete directly with our products, which may cause a decline in our sales or a loss of market acceptance for our lithography systems. In addition, adverse market conditions, industry overcapacity or a decrease in the value of the Japanese yen in relation to the euro or the U.S. dollar, could further intensify price-based competition in those regions that account for the majority of our sales, resulting in lower prices and margins which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition to competitors in lithography, we may face competition with respect to alternative technologies for the non- critical layers or for all layers. If we fail to keep pace with Moore’s law, which postulates that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every 18 to 24 months at equivalent marginal costs, or in the event the delivery of new technology is delayed, our customers may opt for other solutions in IC manufacturing as a substitute for purchasing our products.

Also, in the future the IC industry may not find it economically feasible to maintain the pace of Moore’s law through the use of lithography systems, which could result in our customers choosing other solutions than lithography for IC manufacturing. If the pace of Moore’s law is not maintained, this could also result in the IC industry utilizing fewer leading technology systems, which could result in lower sales and margins.

Risks Related to ASML

The Number of Systems We Can Produce Is Limited by Our Dependence on a Limited Number of Suppliers of Key Components

We rely on outside vendors for the components and subassemblies used in our systems, each of which is obtained from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. Our reliance on a limited group of suppliers involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and the risk of untimely delivery of these components and subassemblies.

The number of lithography systems we are able to produce may be limited by the production capacity of Zeiss. Zeiss is our single supplier of lenses, collectors and other critical optical components. If Zeiss were unable to maintain and increase production levels or if we are unable to maintain our business relationship with Zeiss in the future we could be unable to fulfill orders, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. If Zeiss were to terminate its relationship with us or if Zeiss were unable to maintain production of lenses over a prolonged period, we would effectively cease to be able to conduct our business. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Manufacturing, Logistics and Suppliers”. In addition to Zeiss’ current position, the CO2 lasers used in our third-generation (NXE:3300B) EUV systems are available from only a limited number of suppliers.

 

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Manufacturing some of these components and subassemblies that we use in our manufacturing processes is an extremely complex process and could result in delays by our suppliers. A prolonged inability to obtain adequate deliveries of components or subassemblies, or any other circumstance that requires us to seek alternative sources of supply, could significantly hinder our ability to deliver our products in a timely manner, which could damage relationships with current and prospective customers and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A High Percentage of Net Sales Is Derived from a Few Customers

Historically, we have sold a substantial number of lithography systems to a limited number of customers. We expect customer concentration to increase because of continuing consolidation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. Consequently, while the identity of our largest customers may vary from year to year, we expect sales to remain concentrated among relatively few customers in any particular year. In 2013, recognized sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 2,058.6 million, or 39.2 percent of net sales, compared with EUR 1,236.1 million, or 26.1 percent of net sales, in 2012. The loss of any significant customer or any significant reduction in orders by a significant customer may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Additionally, as a result of our limited number of customers, credit risk on our receivables is concentrated. Our three largest customers (based on net sales) accounted for EUR 861.4 million, or 73.3 percent of accounts receivable and finance receivables at December 31, 2013, compared with EUR 535.1 million, or 58.9 percent at December 31, 2012. As a result, business failure or insolvency of one of our main customers may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We Derive Most of Our Revenues from the Sale of a Relatively Small Number of Systems

We derive most of our revenues from the sale of a relatively small number of lithography equipment systems (157 units in 2013 and 170 units in 2012), with an ASP per system in 2013 of EUR 25.4 million (EUR 27.4 million for new systems and EUR 6.9 million for used systems) and an ASP per system in 2012 of EUR 22.4 million (EUR 24.8 million for new systems and EUR 7.6 million for used systems). As a result, the timing of recognition of revenue for a particular reporting period from a small number of system sales may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations in that period. Specifically, the failure to receive anticipated orders, or delays in shipments near the end of a particular reporting period, due, for example, to:

 

A downturn in the highly cyclical semiconductor industry;

 

Unanticipated shipment rescheduling;

 

Cancellation or order push-back by customers;

 

Unexpected manufacturing difficulties; or

 

Delays in deliveries by suppliers

may cause net sales in a particular reporting period to fall significantly below net sales in previous periods or below our expected net sales, and may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for that period. In particular, our published quarterly earnings may vary significantly from quarter to quarter and may vary in the future for the reasons discussed above.

The Pace of Introduction of Our New Products Is Accelerating and Is Accompanied by Potential Design and Production Delays and by Significant Costs

The development and initial production, installation and enhancement of the systems we produce is often accompanied by design and production delays and related costs of a nature typically associated with the introduction and transition to full-scale manufacturing of complex capital equipment. While we expect and plan for a corresponding learning-curve effect in our product development cycle, we cannot predict with precision the time and expense required to overcome these initial problems and to ensure full performance to specifications. Moreover, we anticipate that this learning-curve effect will continue to present increasingly difficult challenges with each new generation of our products as a result of increasing technological complexity. In particular, the development of an EUV volume production system is dependent on, and subject to the successful implementation of, technology related to the light source and other technologies specific to EUV. There is a risk that we may not be able to introduce or bring to full-scale production new products as quickly as we anticipate in our product introduction plans, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

For the market to accept technology enhancements, our customers, in many cases, must upgrade their existing technology capabilities. Such upgrades from established technology may not be available to our customers to enable volume production using our new technology enhancements. This could result in our customers not purchasing, or pushing back or canceling orders for our technology enhancements, which could negatively impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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As Lithography Technologies become More Complex, our R&D Programs become More Risky and More Expensive

Our lithography systems have become increasingly complex, and accordingly, the costs to develop new products and technologies have increased, and we expect such costs to continue to increase. This increase in costs requires us to continue obtaining sufficient funding for our R&D programs. For example, we obtained funding for our 450mm and EUV R&D programs through the CCIP. We may however, be unable to obtain this type of funding from customers in the future, in which case we may be unable to fund R&D investments necessary to maintain our technological leadership. The increasing cost of R&D programs for new technologies also increases the risk that a new product or technology may not be successful, which could result in significant costs not being recovered.

Furthermore, as the innovation cycle becomes more complex, developing new technology requires increased R&D investments by our suppliers in order to meet the technology demands of us and our customers. Our suppliers may not have, or may not be willing to invest, the resources necessary to continue the development of the new technologies to the extent such investments are necessary, which may result in our contributing funds to such R&D programs or limiting the R&D programs we undertake.

Failure to Adequately Protect the Intellectual Property Rights Upon Which We Depend Could Harm Our Business

We rely on intellectual property rights such as patents, copyrights and trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. However, we face the risk that such measures could prove to be inadequate because:

 

Intellectual property laws may not sufficiently support our proprietary rights or may change in the future in a manner adverse to us;

 

Patent rights may not be granted or construed as we expect;

 

Patents will expire which may result in key technology becoming widely available that may hurt our competitive position;

 

The steps we take to prevent misappropriation or infringement of our proprietary rights may not be successful; and

 

Third parties may be able to develop or obtain patents for similar competing technology.

In addition, litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others, or to defend against claims of infringement. Any such litigation may result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, and, if decided unfavorably to us, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Defending Against Intellectual Property Claims Brought by Others Could Harm Our Business

In the course of our business, we are subject to claims by third parties alleging that our products or processes infringe upon their intellectual property rights. If successful, such claims could limit or prohibit us from developing our technology and manufacturing our products, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our customers may be subject to claims of infringement from third parties, alleging that our products used by such customers in the manufacture of semiconductor products and/or the processes relating to the use of our products infringe one or more patents issued to such parties. If such claims were successful, we could be required to indemnify customers for some or all of any losses incurred or damages assessed against them as a result of such infringement, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We also may incur substantial licensing or settlement costs, which although potentially strengthening or expanding our intellectual property rights or limiting our exposure to intellectual property claims of third parties, may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

From late 2001 through 2004, ASML was party to a series of civil litigations and administrative proceedings in which Nikon alleged ASML’s infringement of Nikon patents relating to lithography. ASML in turn filed claims against Nikon. Pursuant to agreements executed on December 10, 2004, ASML and Nikon agreed to settle all pending worldwide patent litigation between the companies. The settlement included an exchange of releases, a patent Cross-License agreement related to lithography equipment used to manufacture semiconductor devices and payments to Nikon by ASML. Beginning on January 1, 2015, the parties may bring suit for infringement of patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, including any infringement that occurred during the Cross-License Transition Period. Damages resulting from claims for patent infringement occurring during the Cross-License Transition Period are limited to three percent of the net sales price of products found to infringe valid and enforceable patents.

 

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We Are Subject to Risks in Our International Operations

The majority of our sales are made to customers outside Europe. There are a number of risks inherent in doing business in some of those regions:

 

Potentially adverse tax consequences;

 

Unfavorable political or economic environments;

 

Unexpected legal or regulatory changes;

 

An inability to effectively protect intellectual property; and

 

Adverse effects of foreign currency fluctuations.

If we are unable to manage successfully the risks inherent in our international activities, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

In particular, 42.4 percent of our 2013 net sales and 31.3 percent of our 2012 net sales were derived from customers in Taiwan. Taiwan has a unique international political status. The People’s Republic of China asserts sovereignty over Taiwan and does not recognize the legitimacy of the Taiwanese government. Changes in relations between Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China, Taiwanese government policies and other factors affecting Taiwan’s political, economic or social environment could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the installation and servicing of our products requires us to travel to our customers premises. Natural disasters could affect our ability to do so. For example, the Japanese earthquake in 2011 resulted in the disruption of our installation and servicing of systems for our customers in Japan. Natural disasters in areas where our customers are located could prevent or disrupt the installation or servicing of our systems.

We Are Dependent on the Continued Operation of a Limited Number of Manufacturing Facilities

All of our manufacturing activities, including subassembly, final assembly and system testing, take place in clean room facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut and in San Diego, California, both in the United States, in Pyongtaek-City, South-Korea and in Linkou, Taiwan. These facilities may be subject to disruption for a variety of reasons, including work stoppages, fire, energy shortages, flooding or other natural disasters. We cannot ensure that alternative production capacity would be available if a major disruption were to occur or that, if such capacity was available, it could be obtained on favorable terms. Such a disruption could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, some of our key suppliers, including Zeiss, have a limited number of manufacturing facilities, the disruption of which may significantly and adversely affect our production capacity.

Because of Labor Laws and Practices, Any Workforce Reductions That We May Seek to Implement in Order to Reduce Costs Company-Wide May Be Delayed or Suspended

The semiconductor market is highly cyclical and as a consequence we may need to implement workforce reductions in case of a downturn, in order to adapt to such market changes. In accordance with labor laws and practices applicable in the jurisdictions in which we operate, a reduction of any significance may be subject to formal procedures that can delay or may result in the modification of our planned workforce reductions. For example, ASML Netherlands B.V., our operating subsidiary in the Netherlands, has a Works Council, as required by Dutch law. If the Works Council renders contrary advice in connection with a proposed workforce reduction in the Netherlands, but we nonetheless determine to proceed, we must temporarily suspend any action while the Works Council determines whether to appeal to the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal. This appeal process can cause a delay of several months and may require us to address any procedural inadequacies identified by the Court in the way we reached our decision. Such delays could impair our ability to reduce costs company-wide to levels comparable to those of our competitors. Also see Item 6.D “Employees”.

Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates Could Harm Our Results of Operations

We are exposed to currency risks. We are particularly exposed to fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar, Japanese yen and the euro, as we incur manufacturing costs for our systems predominantly in euros while portions of our net sales and cost of sales are denominated in U.S. dollars and Japanese yen.

In addition, a portion of our assets and liabilities and operating results are denominated in U.S. dollars, and a small portion of our assets, liabilities and operating results are denominated in currencies other than the euro and the U.S. dollar. Our Financial Statements are expressed in euros. Accordingly, our results of operations and assets and liabilities are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates between the euro and such other currencies. In general, our customers generally run their businesses in U.S. dollars and therefore a weakening of the U.S. dollar against the euro might impact the ability or desire of our customers to purchase our products.

 

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Furthermore, a strengthening of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen could further intensify price-based competition in those regions that account for the majority of our sales, resulting in lower prices and margins and a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Changes in currency exchange rates also affect the carrying value of assets on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, which depending on the balance sheet classification of the relevant asset, can result in losses on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. In particular, the Cymer acquisition has significantly increased our U.S. dollar denominated assets, and as a result, we are more exposed to fluctuations in the U.S. dollar.

See Item 5.A. “Operating Results – Foreign Exchange Management”.

We May Be Unable to Make Desirable Acquisitions or to Integrate Successfully Any Businesses We Acquire

Our future success may depend in part on the acquisition of businesses or technologies intended to complement, enhance or expand our current business or products or that might otherwise offer us growth opportunities. Our ability to complete such transactions may be hindered by a number of factors, including potential difficulties in obtaining government approvals.

Any acquisition that we do make would pose risks related to the integration of the new business or technology with our business. We cannot be certain that we will be able to achieve the benefits we expect from a particular acquisition or investment. Acquisitions may also strain our managerial and operational resources, as the challenge of managing new operations may divert our management from day-to-day operations of our existing business. Our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected if we fail to coordinate our resources effectively to manage both our existing operations and any businesses we acquire.

In May 2013, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Cymer, a light source supplier. We expect that the acquisition of Cymer will make EUV technology more efficient, prevent additional delays in the introduction of EUV technology, and simplify the supply chain of EUV modules. However, achieving the benefits of the acquisition will depend in part on the integration of our operations and employees with those of Cymer in a timely and efficient manner, and if we fail to do so, this may result in a delay in the development of EUV. There can be no assurance that Cymer will be successfully integrated in our business or that any of the anticipated benefits will be realized. Even if we are able to successfully integrate Cymer, there is no assurance that this transaction will result in successful development of our EUV technology.

In addition, in connection with acquisitions, anti-trust regulators may impose conditions on us, including requirements to divest assets or other conditions that could make it difficult for us to integrate the businesses that we acquire. For example, in connection with the Cymer Acquisition we have agreed to maintain Cymer Light Sources as a stand-alone business which will make it more difficult to integrate Cymer Light Sources into our business operations.

Our Business and Future Success Depend on Our Ability to Attract and Retain a Sufficient Number of Adequately Educated and Skilled Employees

Our business and future success significantly depend upon our employees, including a large number of highly qualified professionals, as well as our ability to attract and retain employees. Competition for such personnel is intense, and we may not be able to continue to attract and retain such personnel. The R&D programs associated with the commitments made under the NRE funding arrangements signed in relation to the CCIP, require a significant number of qualified employees. If we are unable to attract sufficient numbers of qualified employees, this could affect our ability to conduct our research programs on a timely basis, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, the increasing complexity of our products results in a longer learning-curve for new and existing employees and suppliers leading to an inability to decrease cycle times and may result in the incurrence of significant additional costs, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Customer Co-Investment Program”.

 

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Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

We May Not Declare Cash Dividends at All or in Any Particular Amounts in Any Given Year

We aim to pay an annual dividend that will be stable or growing over time. Annually, the Board of Management will, upon prior approval from the Supervisory Board, submit a proposal to the AGM with respect to the amount of dividend to be declared with respect to the prior year. The dividend proposal in any given year will be subject to the availability of distributable profits or retained earnings and may be affected by, among other factors, the Board of Management’s views on our potential future liquidity requirements, including for investments in production capacity, the funding of our R&D programs and for acquisition opportunities that may arise from time to time; and by future changes in applicable income tax and corporate laws. Accordingly, the Board of Management may decide to propose not to pay a dividend or pay a lower dividend with respect to any particular year in the future, which could have a negative effect on our share price.

Restrictions on Shareholder Rights May Dilute Voting Power

Our Articles of Association provide that we are subject to the provisions of Dutch law applicable to large corporations, called “structuurregime”. These provisions have the effect of concentrating control over certain corporate decisions and transactions in the hands of our Supervisory Board. As a result, holders of ordinary shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions by members of our Supervisory Board than if we were incorporated in the United States or another jurisdiction.

Our authorized share capital also includes a class of cumulative preference shares and we have granted “Stichting Preferente Aandelen ASML”, a Dutch foundation, an option to acquire, at their nominal value of EUR 0.09 per share, such cumulative preference shares. Exercise of the preference share option would effectively dilute the voting power of our outstanding ordinary shares by one-half, which may discourage or significantly impede a third party from acquiring a majority of our voting shares.

See Item 6.C. “Board Practices” and Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.

Participating Customers in our Customer Co-Investment Program Together Own a Significant Amount of our Ordinary Shares

In the CCIP, the Participating Customers, through certain wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired 15 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent, of our then outstanding shares, respectively (after giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback conducted in November 2012).

The interests of the Participating Customers may not always coincide with the interests of other holders of our shares. The shares acquired by the Participating Customers are held by Dutch foundations which have issued depositary receipts in respect thereof and the participating customers may only vote those shares in General Meetings in exceptional circumstances, including the authorization of certain significant share issuances and share repurchases, the approval of a significant change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business, any amendment to ASML’s Articles of Association that would materially affect the specific voting rights of the Participating Customers or that would cause a significant change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business, the dissolution of ASML, and any merger or demerger which would result in a material change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business. When such exceptional circumstances occur, the Participating Customers, and in particular Intel (due to the percentage of our shares that Intel owns), will be able to influence matters requiring approval by the General Meeting and may vote their ordinary shares in a way with which other shareholders may not agree.

The Participating Customers have also agreed that they will not, without our prior written consent, transfer any of the ordinary shares they acquired in the CCIP (or depositary receipts representing those shares) until two years and six months after the date they acquired such shares (September 12, 2012 for Intel and Samsung; October 31, 2012 for TSMC). Upon expiry of such period, the ordinary shares held by Participating Customers are freely transferable, subject to orderly market arrangements and certain other restrictions. Any sales of significant amounts of shares by Participating Customers in the CCIP could have a negative effect on our share price.

See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Customer Co-Investment Program”.

 

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Item 4 Information on the Company

A. History and Development of the Company

We commenced business operations in 1984. ASM Lithography Holding N.V. was incorporated in the Netherlands on October 3, 1994 to serve as the holding company for our worldwide operations, which include operating subsidiaries in the Netherlands, the United States, Italy, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, China (including Hong Kong), Japan, Malaysia and Israel. In 2001, we changed our name to ASML Holding N.V. Our registered office is located at De Run 6501, 5504 DR Veldhoven, the Netherlands, telephone number +31 40 268 3000.

From time to time, we pursue acquisitions of businesses that we believe will complement or enhance our core lithography business: the acquisition of MaskTools (business unit of MicroUnity Systems Engineering, Inc.) in 1999, Silicon Valley Group, Inc. in 2001, Brion Technologies, Inc. in 2007 and the acquisition of Wijdeven Motion Holding B.V. and Wijdeven Motion B.V. in 2012. On May 30, 2013, we completed the acquisition of Cymer, Inc. a San Diego, California, the United States based light source supplier. See Note 2 to our Financial Statements for more information on the acquisition of Cymer.

Capital Expenditures and Divestures

Our capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment) for 2013, 2012 and 2011 amounted to EUR 210.8 million, EUR 171.9 million and EUR 300.9 million, respectively. Our capital expenditures in these years mainly related to (i) the construction of our production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, for our latest technologies such as EUV and Immersion platform, (ii) information technology investments, and (iii) machinery and equipment for our facilities. Capital expenditures are primarily financed through cash provided by operating activities. See item 4.D. “Business Overview – Property, Plant and Equipment” for our expected capital expenditures in 2014.

Divestures, mainly consisting of machinery and equipment, amounted to EUR 2.8 million for 2013, EUR 2.3 million for 2012 and EUR 3.4 million for 2011. See Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows to our Financial Statements.

B. Business Overview

ASML makes possible affordable microelectronics that improve the quality of life. ASML invents and develops complex technology for high-tech lithography, metrology and software solutions for the semiconductor industry. ASML’s guiding principle is continuing Moore’s Law towards ever smaller, cheaper, more powerful and energy-efficient semiconductors. Our success is based on three pillars: technology leadership combined with customer and supplier intimacy, highly efficient processes and entrepreneurial people. We are a multinational company with over 70 locations in 16 countries, headquartered in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. As of December 31, 2013, we employed 10,360 payroll employees (2012: 8,497) and 2,865 temporary employees (2012: 2,139), measured in FTEs. ASML is traded on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam and NASDAQ under the symbol ASML.

Our Business Model

Our business model is derived from our “Value of Ownership” concept which is based on the following principles:

 

Offering ongoing improvements in throughput, imaging and overlay by introducing advanced technology based modular platforms, advanced applications and holistic lithography solutions outside the traditional lithography business, each resulting in lower costs or higher value per product for our customers;

 

Providing customer services that ensure rapid, efficient installation, superior support and training to optimize manufacturing processes of our customers;

 

Maintaining appropriate levels of R&D to offer the most advanced technology suitable for high-throughput and low-cost volume production at the earliest possible date enhancing/following Moore’s law;

 

Enhancing the capabilities of the installed base of our customers through ongoing field upgrades of throughput, imaging and overlay, based on further technology developments;

 

Reducing the cycle time between a customer’s order of a system and the use of that system in volume production;

 

Expanding operational flexibility in research and manufacturing by reinforcing strategic alliances with world class partners, including outsourcing companies;

 

Improving the reliability and uptime of our installed system base; and

 

Providing refurbishing services that effectively increase residual value by extending the life of equipment.

 

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Market and Technology Overview

The chip-making business is focused on “shrink” or reducing the size of chip designs as a driver of cost reduction and increased functionality. The worldwide electronics and computer industries have experienced significant growth since the commercialization of ICs in the 1960s, largely due to the continuous reduction of the cost per function performed by ICs. Improvement in the design and manufacture of ICs with higher circuit or “packing” densities has resulted in smaller and lower cost ICs, capable of performing a greater number of functions at higher throughput levels and with reduced power consumption. We believe that these long-term trends will continue for the foreseeable future and will be accompanied by a continuing demand, subject to ongoing cyclical variation, for production equipment that can accurately produce advanced ICs in high volumes at the lowest possible cost. Lithography is used to print complex circuit patterns onto the wafers that are the primary raw material for ICs and is one of the most critical and expensive steps in their fabrication. It is therefore a significant focus of the IC industry’s demand for cost-efficient enhancements to production technology.

We primarily design, manufacture, market and service semiconductor processing equipment used in the fabrication of ICs. Our lithography equipment includes Step & Scan systems, which combine stepper technology with a photo-scanning method.

Our systems use a mask to achieve the required chip pattern. A mask is a flat, transparent quartz plate containing an opaque microscopic pattern: an image of the electronic circuitry for one layer of a chip. The mask is placed in a scanner where intense light passing through it projects the pattern, via a series of reducing lenses, onto part of the wafer. Before exposure, the wafer is coated with photo resist and positioned so that the projected pattern aligns with existing features on the wafer. After exposure and developing, the pattern left on the wafer surface is used to selectively process and build up the next layer.

Customer Roadmaps

The four major customer sectors to which we sell our products are Integrated Device Manufacturers (“IDM”) and Foundries (together “Logic”), NAND-Flash memory and DRAM memory chipmakers (together “Memory”).

Supported by their technology roadmaps, IC manufacturers continue to show interest in shrinking resolution as a means to lower manufacturing costs per unit or adding value through more functional integration. We believe that the leading IC manufacturers have plans to migrate their production capabilities in the foreseeable future to imaging at a resolution beyond 10 nm, for which they will require state-of-the-art lithography equipment.

Products

We develop lithography systems and related products for the semiconductor industry and related patterning applications. Our product development strategy focuses on the development of product families based on a modular, upgradeable design.

Our older PAS 2500 and PAS 5000 lithography systems, which we no longer manufacture but continue to refurbish, are used with g-line and i-line light sources for processing wafers up to 150 mm in diameter and are employed in manufacturing environments and in special applications for which design resolutions of 0.5 microns and above are required.

Our PAS 5500 product family comprises advanced wafer steppers and Step & Scan systems equipped with i-line, KrF and ArF light sources for processing wafers up to 200 mm in diameter and are employed in volume manufacturing to achieve design nodes requiring imaging at a resolution down to 90 nm.

We offer TWINSCAN systems, equipped with i-line, KrF and ArF light sources for processing wafers up to 300 mm in diameter for manufacturing environments for which imaging at a resolution down to 38 nm are required. The modular upgradeable design philosophy of the PAS 5500 product family has been further refined and applied in the design TWINSCAN. Introduced in 2000, the TWINSCAN platform, is the basis for our current and next-generation Step-and Scan systems, which are capable of extending shrink technology down to 38 nm and beyond with multiple patterning techniques.

We are one of the world’s leaders (measured in revenues) in the innovation of immersion technologies and we were the world’s first producer of dual-stage design TWINSCAN systems. With a TWINSCAN system, wafer measurement, including focus and alignment, is completed on the dry stage, while the imaging process, using water applied between the wafer and the lens, is completed on the wet stage. The dual-stage advantage of TWINSCAN immersion systems enables our customers to benefit from the process enhancements of immersion while continuing to use familiar and proven metrology technology.

 

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Furthermore, we continuously develop and sell a range of product options and enhancements designed to increase productivity and improve imaging and overlay to optimize value of ownership over the entire life of our systems.

NXE is based on a new platform utilizing the concepts of the NXT platform. NXE extends the industry proven modularity of our NXT, with new innovative technologies to support EUV imaging in several system critical areas, including the EUV light source, the reflective mirror optical system and all encompassed within a vacuum system. NXE is targeted for production of ICs down to 13 nm and beyond. It is equipped with EUV light source technology, based upon tin plasma, producing light at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. In addition, the NXE system has an innovative optical technology utilizing reflective mirrors rather than the traditional refractive optics with a NA of 0.25 – 0.33. The light in NXE operates in a vacuum environment, through the entire optical train to wafer level. With the combination of these revolutionary technologies, EUV offers the potential to provide our customers a roadmap for future shrink, and we expect it to become the predominant lithography technology for the coming years. The success of EUV remains particularly dependent on light source (laser) availability and on maintaining EUV-related technical advances by us and our suppliers, as well as infrastructure developments in masks and photoresists. In order to accelerate the availability and integration of the light source for EUV in 2013 we acquired Cymer, the industry leading supplier of laser light sources for lithography applications.

Product Development

Our customers optimize their scanner performance by taking into account the entire chip creation process, from design to volume manufacturing, we call this approach “holistic lithography”. We complement our scanner products with a rapidly expanding holistic lithography portfolio of software and metrology products to help our customers optimize semiconductor scanner performance, provide a faster start to chip production and achieve better imaging at higher resolutions. Semiconductor manufacturers face increasingly smaller margins of error as they shrink chip features. Holistic lithography provides a way to shrink within these margins, offering significant revenue-generating and cost-saving opportunities to our customers.

Our current computational lithography portfolio comprises both traditional products (such as RET/OPC/DPT/SMO), as well as solutions that directly interface with the numerous calibration controls in our scanner to optimize performance. Our computational lithography products capture detailed knowledge of scanner design and real performance, which enables them to accurately predict real-life manufacturing performance. These predictions are essential in addressing possible ramp-up and yield problems in advance, potentially avoiding months of delay in time-to-market for our customers. The same prediction capabilities allow our scanners to be optimally calibrated for improved performance in production, given specific chip designs or masks, thereby achieving improved yield.

Once a scanner is optimally set-up for a given application, we also offer scanner control solutions that ensure that the performance of the lithographic process remains optimal and stable throughout production. These scanner control solutions leverage the scanner controls to compensate for potential performance drifts in the scanner itself, as well as in other steps of the device manufacturing process, such as mask deterioration, resist coating fingerprints, etching fingerprints, or chemical-mechanical polishing fingerprints. To provide a total solution for scanner control we offer our own advanced wafer metrology system (“YieldStar”).

We have been developing YieldStar for overlay and CD measurements by using scatterometry technology. YieldStar scatterometry provides high overlay and low cost wafer metrology data that can be used for further improving the NXT/ NXE performance.

In 2012, ASML began shipment of the third generation YieldStar Metrology system, the S200C, which featured higher throughput and measurement overlay to support tighter on product wafer overlay and focus control performance of the NXT:19X0 systems. In 2013, we completed shipment of our 100th YieldStar metrology system.

We have developed different immersion systems for different customer needs. The TWINSCAN NXT platform enables next generations of semiconductors through the so-called DPT which requires two exposures per layer on a chip, enabling precise imaging patterns and lines by using our TWINSCAN NXT planar wafer stage and breakthrough grid metrology. In 2013, we shipped our first five NXT:1970Ci systems, which offer overlay below 20 nm, focus control of less than 20 nm and throughput of more than 250 wafers per hour. Approximately 250 NXT:1950i and NXT:1960Bi systems are currently in use by our customers, which are field-upgradeable to the same performance level as our NXT:1970Ci system.

In 2010, we achieved a major milestone with EUV lithography when we shipped our first NXE:3100. The NXE:3100 combined a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.25 to provide imaging at a resolution of 27 nm. Through 2013, our NXE:3100 pre-production systems exposed a cumulative total of more than 44,000 wafers at customers sites, enabling successful recipe developments for the sub 14 nm Logic and 22 nm DRAM nodes.

 

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The successor of the NXE:3100, the NXE:3300B combines a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.33 to provide imaging at a resolution of 22 nm. The enhancements of the NXE:3300B enable the improved performance, in the same manner that upgrades to the NXT platform improve its productivity. In 2013, the first of our third-generation EUV scanners has been recognized in sales. As per year end 2013, the second and third NXE:3300B systems are being installed at customer sites.

ASML Lithography Product Portfolio of Step & Scan Systems

 

 

System    Resolution    Wavelength    Light source    Numerical aperture
 

PAS 5500 SYSTEMS1,2

           

PAS 5500/4X0

  

280 nm

  

365 nm

  

i-line

  

0.48-0.65

PAS 5500/750

  

130 nm

  

248 nm

  

KrF

  

0.50-0.70

PAS 5500/850

  

110 nm

  

248 nm

  

KrF

  

0.55-0.80

PAS 5500/1150

  

90 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.50-0.75

TWINSCAN SYSTEMS2

           

TWINSCAN XT:400

  

350 nm

  

365 nm

  

i-line

  

0.48-0.65

TWINSCAN XT:450

  

220 nm

  

365 nm

  

i-line

  

0.48-0.65

TWINSCAN XT:8X0

  

110 nm

  

248 nm

  

KrF

  

0.55-0.80

TWINSCAN XT:1000

  

80 nm

  

248 nm

  

KrF

  

0.50-0.93

TWINSCAN XT:1450

  

65 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.65-0.93

TWINSCAN XT:1700 immersion

  

45 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.75-1.20

TWINSCAN XT:1900 immersion

  

40 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.85-1.35

TWINSCAN XT:1950 immersion

  

38 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.85-1.35

TWINSCAN NXT:19X0 immersion

  

38 nm

  

193 nm

  

ArF

  

0.85-1.35

EUV

           

NXE:3100

  

27 nm

  

13.5 nm

  

EUV

  

0.25

NXE:3300B

  

22 nm

  

13.5 nm

  

EUV

  

0.33

 

 

 

1 This table does not include older (including used) products sold on the PAS 2500, PAS 5000 and PAS 5500 platforms or system enhancements on steppers and scanners and other products (e.g. YieldStar or computational lithography products).
2 The X in the product number represents different models in the product portfolio within the same resolution. For example, XT:8X0 can either represent XT:800 or XT:850.

Sales, Customer Support and Customers

We support our customers with a broad range of applications, services, and technical support products to maintain and maximize the performance of our sources and systems at customer sites. We also offer refurbished and remanufactured tools, system upgrades and enhancements, and technical training.

We market and sell our products through our direct sales force.

Our field sales, field engineers and applications, service and technical support specialists are located throughout Asia, the United States and Europe. We have established ACE in Taiwan, Asia. The primary goal of ACE is to serve as a supplementary engine to propel ASML’s long-term growth. ACE features customer support and training, logistics, refurbishment, technology, application development and also produces all YieldStar systems. ACE also enables sourcing of selected equipment modules, components and services in the region. Finally, ACE is also used as a training center to develop worldwide talent for our workforce.

Furthermore, as a consequence of the acquisition of Cymer, we are now able to offer our customers OnPulse contracts. These contracts offer a comprehensive approach to enhancing light source productivity, offering our customers predictable light source running costs that scale directly with pulse utilization. We provide our OnPulse contract customers on-site support from certified service engineers and continuous real-time light source monitoring. Replacement parts and support are covered under the OnPulse contract, which facilitates cost savings for our customers as well as simplified order and asset management. We believe that our OnPulse contracts offer our customers many compelling benefits, and this product has been well-received by our customers.

Customers and Geographic Regions

In 2013, net sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 2,058.6 million, or 39.2 percent, of net sales (2012: EUR 1,236.1 million, or 26.1 percent, of net sales; 2011: EUR 1,311.7 million or 23.2 percent, of net sales). We expect that the sales to a limited number of customers will continue to account for a high percentage of our net sales in any particular period for the foreseeable future.

In 2013, we derived 82.5 percent of net sales from Asia, 13.7 percent from the United States and 3.8 percent from Europe (2012: Asia: 70.7 percent; US: 23.9 percent and Europe: 5.4 percent; 2011: Asia: 66.5 percent; US: 24.6 percent and Europe: 8.9 percent). See Note 21 to our Financial Statements.

 

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Manufacturing, Logistics and Suppliers

Our business model is based on outsourcing production of a significant part of the components and modules that comprise our lithography systems and sources, working in partnership with suppliers from all over the world. Our manufacturing activities comprise the subassembly and testing of certain modules and the final assembly and fine tuning/testing of a complete system from components and modules that are manufactured to our specifications by third parties and by us. All of our manufacturing activities (subassembly, final assembly and system fine tuning/testing) are performed in clean room facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut and in San Diego, California, both the United States, in Pyongtaek, South Korea and in Linkou, Taiwan. We procure stepper, source and scanner system components and subassemblies from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers in order to ensure overall quality and timeliness of delivery. We jointly operate a formal strategy with suppliers known as “value sourcing”, which is based on competitive performance in quality, logistics, technology and total cost. The essence of value sourcing is to maintain a supply base that is world class, globally competitive and globally present.

Our value sourcing strategy is based on the following strategic principles:

 

Maintaining long-term relationships with our suppliers;

 

Sharing risks and rewards with our suppliers;

 

Dual sourcing of knowledge, globally, together with our suppliers; and

 

Single sourcing of products, where possible or required.

Value sourcing is intended to align the performance of our suppliers with our requirements on quality, logistics, technology and total costs.

Zeiss is our single supplier of lenses, collectors and other critical optical components. In 2013, 27.4 percent of our aggregate cost of sales was purchased from Zeiss (2012: 28.0 percent; 2011: 28.7 percent).

Zeiss is highly dependent on its manufacturing and testing facilities in Oberkochen and Wetzlar, Germany, and its suppliers. Moreover, Zeiss has a finite capacity for production of lenses and optical components for our systems and of collectors for our EUV sources. The expansion of this production capacity may require significant lead-time. From time to time, the number of systems we are able to produce may be limited by the capacity of Zeiss to provide us with lenses, collectors and other critical optical components. In 2013 our production was not limited by the deliveries from Zeiss.

Our relationship with Zeiss is structured as a strategic alliance pursuant to several agreements executed in 1997 and subsequent years. These agreements define a framework in all areas of our business relationship. The partnership between ASML and Zeiss is focused on continuous improvement of operational excellence.

Pursuant to these agreements, ASML and Zeiss have agreed to continue their strategic alliance until either party provides at least three years notice of its intent to terminate.

In addition to Zeiss, we also rely on other outside vendors for the components and subassemblies used in our systems and light sources, each of which is obtained from a limited number of suppliers.

See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – The Number of Systems We Can Produce is Limited by Our Dependence on a Limited Number of Suppliers of Key Components”.

We have a flexible labor model with a mix of fixed and flexible contracted labor in our manufacturing and R&D facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and payroll employees compensated under a partly variable salary structure through ASML’s profit sharing plan. Furthermore in other facilities outside the Netherlands, the applicable local labor laws and regulations provide sufficient flexibility. Both models reinforce our ability to adapt more quickly to semiconductor market cycles, including support for potential 24-hour, seven days-a-week production activities. By maximizing the flexibility of our technically skilled workforce, we can shorten lead-times: a key driver of added value for our customers.

 

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Research and Development

The semiconductor manufacturing industry is subject to rapid technological changes and new product introductions and enhancements. We believe that continued and timely development and introduction of new and enhanced systems are essential for us to maintain our competitive position. As a result, we have historically devoted a significant portion of our financial resources to R&D programs, and we expect to continue to allocate significant resources to these efforts. In addition, we have established sophisticated development centers in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut, in San Diego, California, both in the United States, in Pyongtaek-City, South-Korea and in Linkou, Taiwan. We are also involved in joint R&D programs with both public and private partnerships and consortiums, involving independent research centers, leading chip manufacturers and governmental programs. We aim to own or license our jointly developed technology and designs of critical components. During 2013, together with imec (an independent research partner), we announced the establishment of an advanced patterning center located at the imec campus in Leuven, Belgium. Together we plan to tackle upcoming scaling challenges due to the chip industry’s move towards single digit nanometer dimensions. Furthermore we plan to establish an Institute for Nanolithography in Amsterdam together with FOM/NWO and UvA/VU. This institute will conduct fundamental and applied research in areas that are key to unlocking innovation in the global semiconductor industry.

We apply for subsidy payments in connection with specific development projects under programs sponsored by the Dutch government, the European Union and the Taiwanese government. These direct government grants are designed to stimulate high-risk research for the medium and long term future. R&D costs include credits for an amount of EUR 16.0 million, EUR 17.9 million and EUR 25.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011 respectively. R&D credits relate to worldwide (inter-)governmental funding for certain strategic development programs. The decrease in R&D credits is the result of a change in government programs from subsidy payments to fiscal incentives. These incentives lead to tax deductions in mainly Dutch and United States tax jurisdictions.

Our R&D efforts have led to immersion technology. Our innovative immersion lithography systems place a fluid between the wafer and a system’s projection lens to enhance focus and enable circuit line-width to shrink to smaller dimensions than what is possible with “dry” lithography systems. ASML pioneered this “wet” technology and has experienced strong demand for immersion-based systems, which have been adopted by most of our customers.

We have developed different immersion systems for different customer needs. The TWINSCAN NXT platform enables next generations of semiconductors through the so-called DPT which requires two exposures per layer on a chip, enabling precise imaging patterns and lines by using our TWINSCAN NXT planar wafer stage and breakthrough grid metrology. In 2013, we shipped our first five NXT:1970Ci systems, which offer overlay below 2 nm, focus control of less than 20 nm and throughput of more than 250 wafers per hour. Approximately 250 NXT:1950i and NXT:1960Bi systems are currently in use by our customers, which are field-upgradeable to the same performance level as our NXT:1970Ci system.

In 2010, we achieved a major milestone with EUV lithography when we shipped our first NXE:3100. The NXE:3100 combined a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.25 to provide imaging at a resolution of 27 nm. Through 2013, our NXE:3100 pre-production systems exposed a cumulative total of more than 44,000 wafers at customers sites, enabling successful recipe developments for the sub 14 nm Logic and 22 nm DRAM nodes.

The successor of the NXE:3100, the NXE:3300B combines a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.33 to provide imaging at a resolution of 22 nm. The enhancements of the NXE:3300B enable the improved performance, in the same manner that upgrades to the NXT platform improve its productivity. In 2013, the first of our third-generation EUV scanners has been recognized in sales. As per year end 2013, the second and third NXE:3300B systems are being installed at customer sites.

Our customers optimize their scanner performance by taking into account the entire chip creation process, from design to volume manufacturing, we call this approach “holistic lithography”. We complement our scanner products with a rapidly expanding holistic lithography portfolio of software and metrology products to help our customers optimize semiconductor scanner performance, provide a faster start to chip production and achieve better imaging at higher resolutions. Semiconductor manufacturers face increasingly smaller margins of error as they shrink chip features. Holistic lithography provides a way to shrink within these margins, offering significant revenue-generating and cost-saving opportunities to our customers.

 

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Customer Co-Investment Program

On July 9, 2012, we announced our CCIP to accelerate our development of EUV technology beyond the current generation and our development of future 450mm silicon wafer technology. The Participating Customers agreed to fund EUR 1.38 billion of our research and development projects from 2013 through 2017. This program creates risk sharing with some of our largest customers while the results of ASML’s development programs will be available to every semiconductor manufacturer with no restrictions. The R&D funding program in the CCIP consist of two funding projects: a 450mm technology development project and a next-generation EUV development project. ASML has entered into NRE Funding Agreements with the Participating Customers.

See Item 5.A. “Operating Results – Results of Operations 2013 Compared with 2012, Other Income”.

In addition, the Participating Customers also agreed to invest in ordinary shares equal to an aggregate for all Participating Customers of 23 percent of ASML’s issued share capital (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012) with the proceeds of the share issuance, EUR 3.85 billion, being returned to the holders of ordinary shares (excluding the Participating Customers) through a Synthetic Share Buyback, executed in November 2012.

See Item 10.C. “Material Contracts – Customer Co-Investment Program”.

Development 450mm silicon wafer technology

In November 2013, following our customers’ decision, ASML decided to pause the development of 450mm lithography systems until customer demand and the timing related to such demand is clear. We believe that our 450mm development activities can be restarted if and when the industry demands the introduction of 450mm. Since 450mm requires both generic developments and wafer size-specific developments, many of our employees involved in the 450mm project are doing work that is just as relevant for future DUV and EUV platforms. The teams and people have therefore been reassigned to different projects.

Under our CCIP, we are party to a 450mm NRE Funding Agreement with Intel for a total NRE funding commitment of EUR 553 million. We are currently in discussions with Intel to determine appropriate projects to which to apply the 450mm NRE funding.

Under the CCIP, we are also party to EUV NRE agreements with Intel (total funding of EUR 276 million), TSMC (total funding of EUR 276 million) and Samsung (total funding of EUR 276 million), all of which funding is being used for EUV projects.

Intellectual Property

We rely on intellectual property rights such as patents, copyrights and trade secrets to protect our proprietary technology. We aim to obtain ownership rights on technology developed by or for us, alternatively, to have license rights in place with respect to such technology.

In 2004, the Nikon Cross-License Agreement was signed. The license period for certain patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, which were not perpetually licensed, ended on December 31, 2009. Pursuant to the terms of the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, the parties have agreed, during the Cross-License Transition Period, not to bring suit for claims related to infringement of patents issued and not perpetually licensed. Beginning on January 1, 2015 the parties may bring suit for infringement of patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, including any infringement that occurred during the Cross-License Transition Period. Damages resulting from claims for patent infringement occurring during the Cross-License Transition Period are limited to three percent of the net sales price of products found to infringe valid and enforceable patents.

In 2007, ASML and Canon signed the Canon Cross-License Agreement, used to manufacture ICs. The Canon Cross-License Agreement ends on December 31, 2016.

See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Failure to Adequately Protect the Intellectual Property Rights Upon Which We Depend Could Harm Our Business” and “Risk Factors – Defending Against Intellectual Property Claims Brought by Others Could Harm Our Business.”

 

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Competition

The semiconductor equipment industry is highly competitive. The principal elements of competition in our market are:

 

The technical performance characteristics of a lithography system;

 

The value of ownership of that system based on its purchase price, maintenance costs, productivity, and customer service and support costs;

 

The exchange rate of the euro particularly against the Japanese yen which results in varying prices and margins;

 

The strength and breadth of our portfolio of patents and other intellectual property rights; and

 

Our customers’ desire to obtain lithography equipment from more than one supplier.

We believe that the market for lithography systems and the investments required to be a significant competitor in this market segment has resulted in increased competition for market share through the aggressive prosecution of patents. Our competitiveness will increasingly depend upon our ability to protect and defend our patents, as well as our ability to develop new and enhanced semiconductor equipment that is competitively priced and introduced on a timely basis.

Government Regulation

Our business is subject to direct and indirect regulations in each of the countries in which our customers or we do business. As a result, changes in various types of regulations could affect our business adversely. The implementation of new technological, safety or legal requirements could impact our products, or our manufacturing or distribution processes, and could affect the timing of product introductions, the cost of our production, and products as well as their commercial success. Moreover, environmental and other regulations that adversely affect the pricing of our products could adversely affect our financial condition and our results of operations. The impact of these changes in regulation could adversely affect our business even where the specific regulations do not directly apply to us or to our products.

C. Organizational Structure

ASML Holding N.V. is a holding company that operates through its subsidiaries. Our major operating subsidiaries, each of which is a wholly-owned (direct or indirect) subsidiary, are ASML Netherlands B.V., ASML Systems B.V., ASML Hong Kong Limited and ASML US Inc.

See Exhibit 8.1 for a list of our main subsidiaries.

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

We lease a number of our facilities under operating leases. We also own a number of buildings, mainly consisting of production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, in Wilton, Connecticut, in San Diego, California, both in the United States, in Pyongtaek-City, South-Korea and in Linkou, Taiwan. The book value of land, buildings and constructions owned amounted to EUR 797.5 million as of December 31, 2013 compared with EUR 659.8 million as of December 31, 2012. See Note 12 to our Financial Statements.

Subject to market conditions, we expect that our capital expenditures (purchases of property, plant and equipment) in 2014 will be about EUR 480 million (2013: EUR 210.8 million). These expenditures will mainly consist of investments used for the further expansion of our EUV production facilities enabling us to meet future demand for EUV systems and of investments in our other strategic programs (e.g. Immersion). We expect to finance these capital expenditures through cash generated by operations and cash and cash equivalents, as well as NRE funding.

Facilities in Europe

Our headquarters, main manufacturing facilities, applications laboratory and R&D facilities are located at a single site in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. This state-of-the-art facility includes 65 thousand square meter of office space and 42 thousand square meters of buildings used for manufacturing and R&D activities and 24 thousand square meters of warehouses. Our facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands are partly owned and partly leased through long-term operating leases that contain purchase options. Some of our office facilities at our headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, are financed through a special purpose vehicle that is a VIE. We also lease several sales and service facilities at locations across Europe.

Facilities in the United States

Our United States head office is located in a 5 thousand square meter office building in Chandler, Arizona. We maintain lithography research, development and manufacturing operations in a 28 thousand square meter facility in Wilton, Connecticut, and a 5 thousand square meter facility in Santa Clara, California. As a result of the acquisition of Cymer, we acquired various facilities, mainly located in San Diego, California. Cymer’s San Diego facilities include 44 thousand square meters of buildings used for manufacturing, R&D activities, warehousing and office space.

 

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Facilities in Asia

Our Asian headquarters is located in a 425 square meter office space in Hong Kong, The People’s Republic of China. In addition, our ACE facility in Linkou, Taiwan comprises clean room (approximately 3 thousand square meters) and office space (approximately 6 thousand square meters). The ACE facility supports customers in the Asia-Pacific region by focusing on technology and applications development, equipment support, training, logistics and refurbishment. ACE also enables local sourcing of equipment, components, services and will produce all YieldStar systems. Our facility in Korea comprises a clean room (approximately 700 square meters) and office space (approximately 6 thousand square meters). The purpose of this facility is to support a closer working relationship with our customers in Korea. We also lease and own several sales, service and training facilities at locations across Asia. As a result of the Cymer acquisition we acquired a manufacturing facility in Pyongtaek-city, South Korea of 3 thousand square meters mainly used for refurbishment activities of light sources. Additionally, Cymer leases various smaller locations across Asia which are mainly used for local sales and service activities.

Item 4A Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 5 Operating and Financial Review and Prospects

In the Executive Summary as included below, we provide an update of the Semiconductor Equipment Industry, followed by a discussion of our Business Strategy and an explanation of our Operating Results and Liquidity and Capital Resources. All information disclosed in this section is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 18 “Financial Statements”.

Executive Summary

Introduction

ASML makes possible affordable microelectronics that improve the quality of life. ASML invents and develops complex technology for high-tech lithography, metrology and software solutions for the semiconductor industry. ASML’s guiding principle is continuing Moore’s Law towards ever smaller, cheaper, more powerful and energy-efficient semiconductors. Our success is based on three pillars: technology leadership combined with customer and supplier intimacy, highly efficient processes and entrepreneurial people. We are a multinational company with over 70 locations in 16 countries, headquartered in Veldhoven, the Netherlands. As of December 31, 2013, we employed 10,360 payroll employees (2012: 8,497) and 2,865 temporary employees (2012: 2,139), measured in FTEs. ASML is traded on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam and NASDAQ under the symbol ASML.

Semiconductor Equipment Industry

The chip-making business is focused on “shrink”, or reducing the size of chip designs. Historically the semiconductor industry has experienced significant growth largely due to the continual reduction of cost per function performed by ICs. Improvement in the design and manufacture of ICs with higher circuit densities resulted in smaller and cheaper ICs capable of performing a larger number of functions at higher speeds with lower power consumption. We believe that these long-term trends will continue for the foreseeable future and will be accompanied by a continuing demand for production equipment that is capable of accurate production of advanced ICs in high volumes at the lowest possible cost.

Lithography equipment is used to print complex circuit patterns onto silicon wafers, which are the primary raw materials for ICs. The printing process is one of the most critical and expensive steps in wafer fabrication. Lithography equipment is therefore a significant focus of the IC industry’s demand for cost-efficient enhancements to production technology.

The costs to develop new lithography equipment are high. Accordingly, the lithography equipment industry is characterized by the presence of only a few suppliers: ASML, Nikon, and (to a lesser degree) Canon. In 2013, ASML was one of the world’s leading providers of lithography equipment (measured in revenues based upon Gartner Dataquest fourth quarter 2013 report).

 

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Total lithography equipment shipped by the industry as a whole in the six years ended December 31, 2013, is set out in the following table:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31

       2013   1         2012   2         2011   2         2010   2         2009   2         2008  2   

 

 
Total units shipped        238           251           376           304           128           344      
Total value (in millions USD)        5,641           6,002           8,225           6,416           2,485           5,388      
                                                                   

 

1 Historical data and full-year 2013 estimates as reported by Gartner Dataquest in its fourth quarter 2013 report.
2 Historical data are based on figures as included in the Gartner Dataquest fourth quarter 201 3 report. Where appropriate, the estimates as included in the Gartner Dataquest reports in prior years have been updated based on this fourth quarter 2013 report.

For the year 2013, the latest indications of independent market analysts show a decrease in total lithography equipment shipped to the market by the industry of 5.2 percent in unit volume and 6.0 percent in value. In 2013, the value of our net systems sales increased by 5.0 percent compared to 2012.

Business Strategy

General

The long-term growth of the semiconductor industry is the result of the principle that the power, cost and time required for every computation on a digital electronic device can be reduced by shrinking the size of transistors on chips. In 2013, chip makers routinely produced electronic chip features with geometries of 28 nm, compared to typical geometries of 10,000 nm in the early 1970s, resulting in an increase in the number of transistors on leading chips from several thousand to over two billion. This trend was first observed by Intel co-founder Gordon Moore in 1965, and is referred to as “Moore’s Law”. Moore’s Law has resulted in our information society with fast wired and wireless communications built on affordable chips. Moore’s Law also has an impact on the energy usage of chips. Smaller geometries allow for much lower electrical currents to operate the chip. This has helped to contain the world’s energy consumption despite the proliferation of affordable computing. Using advanced semiconductors in industrial and consumer products often provides economic benefits, user-friendliness and increased safety. The technology revolution powered by semiconductors has brought many advantages: not only can information be more widely disseminated than ever before, affordable chip intelligence has also enabled industry and service sectors to create and distribute products and ideas at lightning speed.

Smarter, smaller and more energy-efficient chips are made with increasingly sophisticated lithography systems produced by ASML. Lithography systems are crucial to the roadmaps of chipmakers to make smaller transistors on chips. Our business strategy is based on maintaining and further developing our position as a technology leader in semiconductor lithography. When executed, this strategy results in the delivery of lithography systems which enable customers to produce the highest performance and lowest cost chips. The superior value of ownership offered to customers as a result of our strategy also maximizes our own financial performance, aligning the interests of ASML and our customers.

Corporate Responsibility

Corporate Responsibility Strategy: Our customers want lithography systems that produce more chips faster, using less energy and fewer natural resources, at a similar cost. Customers also want us, as their supplier, to operate according to the highest environmental, social and governance standards. ASML’s corporate responsibility strategy is based on and fully aligned to our business strategy, aimed at maintaining and further developing our position as a technology leader in the semiconductor industry.

In 2013, we performed a comprehensive and structured materiality assessment in order to identify the non-financial themes that are most relevant to our stakeholders and for our sustained long-term business success.

Most of the material themes identified are already included in our strategy and high on our priority list. We identified eight material non-financial themes validated by the CRSB:

 

Innovation;

 

Knowledge & intellectual property management;

 

Sustainable relationship with our suppliers;

 

Sustainable relationship with our customers;

 

Product stewardship;

 

Talent management;

 

Training & development; and

 

Sustainable relationship with our employees.

 

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In addition, we recognize that there are certain other themes on which our stakeholders expect us to act as a responsible corporate citizen. These themes have been labeled as responsible business themes. The outcome of the materiality assessment will be used in 2014 to refocus our corporate responsibility strategy.

Corporate Responsibility Governance: Corporate responsibility is driven by the Executive Vice President Operations and Order Fulfillment Process, Frederic J.M. Schneider-Maunoury, who chairs the CRSB, which supervises the execution of our corporate responsibility strategy. The CRSB is made up of senior management representatives from all sectors within ASML. It is the mission of the CRSB to monitor the realization of our corporate responsibility targets and KPIs, and to review and approve related policy changes and improvement activities. The CRSB met four times in 2013. The meetings focused on reviewing the progress of ASML’s non-financial performance indicators with respect to our corporate responsibility targets, KPIs and projects.

The Corporate Risk & Assurance department coordinates the day-to-day implementation of the corporate responsibility strategy, policies and improvement activities, while business owners have the operational responsibility to implement the corporate responsibility policies.

Customer Focus

Ensuring customers are served with the right products at the right time and supported by excellent service, is key to our commitment to a long-term relationship. With high-valued products, customers expect high-quality support customized to their specific requirements. This support includes service engineers, equipped with the latest technical information, to ensure the highest levels of system performance, as well as applications specialists who support optimal system processing and new product implementation.

ASML aims to deliver lithography systems with the lowest cost of ownership.

Customer satisfaction is a critical objective of ASML. We have account teams that are specifically dedicated to customer satisfaction throughout the lifecycle of our products.

Through 2013, all of the top 10 chip makers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. We also have a significant share of customers outside the top 10. We strive for continued business growth with all our customers. We expect that customer concentration might increase because of continuing consolidation in the semiconductor manufacturing industry.

In 2013, our satisfaction ratings by customers surpassed every lithography competitor, according to VLSI Research, ASML ranks third in the semiconductor industry equipment suppliers and first among lithography competitors. Our performance has consistently been good: for eleven years in a row we have both ranked among the top 5 semiconductor industry suppliers and our ranking surpassed that of any of our lithography competitors.

Technology Leadership

Our customers need lithography scanners that continuously improve performance in three areas: imaging, throughput and overlay. The image of the electronic chip circuit must be extremely small (currently the smallest features have a size of less than 30 nm), the system must be able to image billions of these features every second and it must be able to do that with extreme precision of just a few nm (one nm is four silicon atoms). To realize and improve this system performance for our customers, ASML needs to deliver the right technology at the right time to meet long- term roadmaps which often extend many years into the future. Therefore, ASML is committed to significant long-term investments in R&D. In 2013, our R&D investments (net of credits) amounted to EUR 882.0 million (2012: EUR 589.1 million; 2011: EUR 590.3 million). A significant part of our R&D-budget was used for R&D jointly developed with our suppliers and technology partners. Furthermore, in 2013, we recognized Other Income in relation to the contributions made by our Participating Customers of EUR 64.4 million.

Our lithography scanners are based on our dual-stage wafer imaging platform, the TWINSCAN system, which we introduced in 2000 and which allows exposure of one wafer while simultaneously measuring the wafer which will be exposed next. Our strong leadership in this capability has allowed us to achieve the industry’s highest productivity, enabling reduced cost-per-exposure per wafer. Dual-stage lithography also supports the required overlay to position electronic features on the wafer, as it allows for more time to measure the wafer prior to exposure. We are the only lithography manufacturer that enables volume production based on dual-stage systems.

In order to meet the imaging, overlay and throughput demands of our customers, we have focused our R&D investments on three core programs: EUV, Immersion and holistic lithography solutions.

 

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Our innovative immersion lithography systems place a fluid between the wafer and a system’s projection lens to enhance focus and enable circuit line-width to shrink to smaller dimensions than what is possible with “dry” lithography systems. ASML pioneered this “wet” technology and has experienced strong demand for immersion-based systems, which have been adopted by most of our customers.

We have developed different immersion systems for different customer needs. The TWINSCAN NXT platform enables next generations of semiconductors through the so-called DPT which requires two exposures per layer on a chip, enabling precise imaging patterns and lines by using our TWINSCAN NXT planar wafer stage and breakthrough grid metrology. In 2013, we shipped our first five NXT:1970Ci systems, which offer overlay below 2 nm, focus control of less than 20 nm and throughput of more than 250 wafers per hour. Approximately 250 NXT:1950i and NXT:1960Bi systems are currently in use by our customers, which are field-upgradeable to the same performance level as our NXT:1970Ci system.

In 2010, we achieved a major milestone with EUV lithography when we shipped our first NXE:3100. The NXE:3100 combined a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.25 to provide imaging at a resolution of 27 nm. Through 2013, our NXE:3100 pre-production systems exposed a cumulative total of more than 44,000 wafers at customers sites, enabling successful recipe developments for the sub 14 nm Logic and 22 nm DRAM nodes.

The successor of the NXE:3100, the NXE:3300B combines a wavelength of 13.5 nm and an optical system with a NA of 0.33 to provide imaging at a resolution of 22 nm. The enhancements of the NXE:3300B enable the improved performance, in the same manner that upgrades to the NXT platform improve its productivity. In 2013, the first of our third-generation EUV scanners has been recognized in sales. As per year end 2013, the second and third NXE:3300B systems are being installed at customer sites.

On May 30, 2013, we concluded the acquisition of Cymer for a total consideration of EUR 3.1 billion (USD 4.0 billion). See Note 2 to the Financial Statements. We expect that the acquisition of Cymer will help us to achieve our strategic objective of delivering an economically viable EUV scanner to semiconductor manufacturers as soon as reasonably possible. We believe that combining Cymer’s expertise in EUV light sources with our expertise in lithography systems design and integration will reduce the risks related to the successful development of, and accelerate the introduction of, EUV technology. This integration work on our NXE:3300B scanners and light sources is progressing steadily. We remain on target to deliver systems with a throughput of 70 wafers per hour in 2014, upgradeable to 125 wafers per hour in 2015.

Furthermore, as a consequence of the acquisition of Cymer, we are now able to offer our customers OnPulse contracts. These contracts offer a comprehensive approach to enhancing light source productivity, offering our customers predictable light source running costs that scale directly with pulse utilization. We provide our OnPulse contract customers on-site support from certified service engineers and continuous real-time light source monitoring. Replacement parts and support are covered under the OnPulse contract, which facilitates cost savings for our customers as well as simplified order and asset management. We believe that our OnPulse contracts offer our customers many compelling benefits, and this product has been well-received by our customers.

Also, we complement our scanner products with a rapidly expanding holistic lithography portfolio of software and metrology products to help our customers optimize semiconductor scanner performance, provide a faster start to chip production and achieve better imaging at higher resolutions. Semiconductor manufacturers face increasingly smaller margins of error as they shrink chip features. Holistic lithography provides a way to shrink within these margins, offering significant revenue-generating and cost-saving opportunities to our customers. In 2013, we boosted sales of YieldStar metrology systems to our leading edge customers. These machines generate the data used by our holistic lithography products to control overlay, CD and focus for the most advanced process nodes.

Operational Excellence

We strive to sustain our business success based on our technological leadership by continuing to execute our fundamental operating strategy, including reducing lead-times while improving our cost competitiveness. Lead-time is the time from a customer’s order to a tool delivery.

Our business strategy includes outsourcing the manufacturing of the majority of components and subassemblies that make up our products. We work in partnership with suppliers, collaborating on quality, logistics, technology and total cost. By operating our strategy of value sourcing, we strive to attain flexibility and cost efficiencies from our suppliers through mutual commitment and shared risk and reward. Value sourcing also allows the flexibility to adapt to the cyclicality of the world market for semiconductor lithography systems.

 

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We have a flexible labor model with a mix of fixed and flexible contracted labor in our manufacturing and R&D facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, and payroll employees compensated under a partly variable salary structure through ASML’s profit sharing plan. Furthermore in other facilities outside the Netherlands, the applicable local labor laws and regulations provide sufficient flexibility. Both models reinforce our ability to adapt more quickly to semiconductor market cycles, including support for potential 24-hour, seven days-a-week production activities. By maximizing the flexibility of our technically skilled workforce, we can shorten lead-times: a key driver of added value for our customers.

In view of the economic volatility of the semiconductor industry, we continue to strive to achieve more efficiencies in our operations by addressing our cost structure and strengthening our capability to generate cash.

ASML Operations Update on Key Performance Indicators

The following table presents the key performance indicators used by our Board of Management and senior management to measure performance in our monthly operational review meetings.

 

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in millions)

    

2013

EUR

       %1       

2012

EUR

       %1       

2011

EUR

       %1  

 

 
Sales                              
Net sales        5,245.3                4,731.5                5,651.0        
Increase (decrease) in net sales (%)        10.9                (16.3)                25.4        
Net system sales        3,993.1                3,801.6                4,883.9        
Net service and field option sales        1,252.2                929.9                767.1        
Sales of systems (in units)        157                170                222        
ASP of total system sales        25.4                22.4                22.0        
ASP of new system sales        27.4                24.8                24.5        
ASP of used system sales        6.9                7.6                3.8        
Value of systems backlog excluding EUV 2        1,953.3                1,214.1                1,732.5        
Systems backlog excluding EUV (in units) 2        56                46                71        
ASP of systems backlog excluding EUV 2        34.9                26.4                24.4        
ASP of systems backlog excluding EUV (New) 2        41.4                29.8                27.9        
ASP of systems backlog excluding EUV (Used) 2        4.7                4.0                3.0        
Immersion systems recognized (in units)3        77                72                101        
NXE systems recognized (in units)4        1                1                3        
Profitability                              
Gross profit        2,177.2           41.5           2,005.2           42.4           2,449.4           43.3   
Income from operations        1,047.9           20.0           1,156.8           24.4           1,641.2           29.0   
Net income        1,015.5           19.4           1,146.3           24.2           1,467.0           26.0   
Liquidity                              
Cash and cash equivalents        2,330.7                1,767.6                2,731.8        
Short-term investments        679.9                930.0                -        
Operating cash flow        1,054.2                703.5                2,070.4        

 

 

 

1 As a percentage of net sales.
2 Our systems backlog and net bookings include only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and system shipment and revenue recognition dates within the following 12 months have been assigned.
3 Included in the total number of immersion systems recognized in 201 3 is 4 units of our most advanced immersion technology NXT:1 970Ci systems (2012: nil and 2011: nil)
4 In 2013, the first of our third-generation EUV scanners has been recognized in sales. As per year end 2013, the second and third NXE:3300B systems are being installed at customer sites.

Backlog

We started 2013 with a systems backlog excluding EUV of 46 systems. In 2013, we booked orders for 166 systems excluding EUV, and recognized sales for 156 systems excluding EUV. This resulted in a systems backlog excluding EUV of 56 as of December 31, 2013.

As of December 31, 2013, our systems backlog excluding EUV was valued at EUR 1,953.3 million and includes 56 systems with an ASP of EUR 34.9 million. As of December 31, 2012, the systems backlog excluding EUV was valued at EUR 1,214.1 million and included 46 systems with an ASP of EUR 26.4 million. The ASP of our systems backlog excluding EUV increased in 2013 compared to 2012 as a result of a shift in the mix of systems towards more high-end system types (e.g. NXT:1970Ci).

For discussion on the main key performance indicators indicated above, we refer to Item 5.A. “Operating Results” and Item 5.B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

 

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A. Operating Results

Critical Accounting Policies Using Significant Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP. The preparation of our Financial Statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the balance sheet dates, and the reported amounts of net sales and costs during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We evaluate our estimates continually and we base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates if the assumptions prove incorrect. To the extent there are material differences between actual results and these estimates, our future results could be materially and adversely affected. We believe that the accounting policies described below require us to make significant judgments and estimates in the preparation of our Financial Statements.

Revenue Recognition

ASML recognizes revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; seller’s price to buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At ASML this policy generally results in revenue recognition from the sale of a system upon shipment. The revenue from the installation of a system is generally recognized upon completion of that installation at the customer site. Prior to shipment, systems undergo a “Factory Acceptance Test” in our clean room facilities, effectively replicating the operating conditions that will be present on the customer’s site, in order to verify whether the system will meet its standard specifications and any additional technical and performance criteria agreed with the customer, if any. A system is shipped, and revenue is recognized, only after all contractual specifications are met and customer sign-off is received or waived. In case not all specifications are met and the remaining performance obligation is not essential to the functionality of the system but is substantive rather than inconsequential or perfunctory, a portion of the sales price is deferred. Although each system’s performance is re-tested upon installation at the customer’s site, we have never failed to successfully complete installation of a system at a customer’s premises.

In connection with the introduction of new technology, such as our second- and third-generation EUV systems (NXE:3100 and NXE:3300B), we initially defer revenue recognition until acceptance of the new technology based system and completion of installation at the customer premises. As our systems are based largely on two product platforms that permit incremental, modular upgrades, the introduction of genuinely “new” technology occurs infrequently, and in the past 15 years, has occurred on only two occasions: 1999 (TWINSCAN) and 2010 (EUV).

We have no significant repurchase commitments in our general sales terms and conditions. From time to time we repurchase systems that we have manufactured and sold and, following refurbishment, we resell those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is driven by market demand expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. We consider reasonable offers from any vendor, including customers, to repurchase used systems so that we can refurbish, resell, and install these systems as part of our normal business operations. Once repurchased, the repurchase price of the used system is recorded in work- in-process inventory during the period it is being refurbished, following which the refurbished system is reflected in finished products inventory until it is sold to the customer. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, ASML had no repurchase commitments.

We offer customers discounts in the normal course of sales negotiations. These discounts are directly deducted from the gross sales price at the moment of revenue recognition. In addition, we offer volume discounts to customers. In some instances these volume discounts can be used to purchase field options (system enhancements). The related amount is recorded as a reduction in net sales at time of shipment. From time to time, we offer free or discounted products or services (award credits) to our customers as part of a volume purchase agreement. The sales transaction that gives rise to these award credits is accounted for as a multiple element sales transaction as the agreements involve the delivery of multiple products. The consideration received from the sales transaction is allocated between the award credits and the other elements of the sales transaction. The consideration allocated to the award credits is recognized as deferred revenue until award credits are delivered to the customer. The amount allocable to a delivered item is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon the delivery of additional items or meeting other specified performance conditions (the non-contingent amount).

Net sales are recognized excluding the taxes levied on sales (net basis).

 

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In the event of expected losses on executory contracts, we recognize a liability for the amount that the cost of settling the contract exceeds the amount of the contract price. When we satisfy these contracts, we derecognize the related liability.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The main portion of our net sales is derived from contractual arrangements with our customers that have multiple deliverables, which mainly include the sale of our systems, installation and training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. As of January 1, 2011, we have adopted ASU 2009-13, “Sales Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” which amended the guidance on arrangements with multiple deliverables in ASC 605-25. The amended standard changes the requirements for establishing separate units of accounting in a multiple element arrangement and requires the allocation of arrangement consideration to each deliverable to be based on the relative selling price.

Each element in the arrangement is accounted for as a separate unit of accounting provided the following criteria are met: the delivered products or services have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is considered probable and is substantially controlled by us. We consider a deliverable to have stand-alone value if the product or service is sold separately by us or another vendor or could be resold by the customer. Further, our sales arrangements do not include a general right of return relative to the delivered products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element(s) and treated as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the arrangement consideration and revenue recognition.

The hierarchy of evidence to determine a selling price in ASC 605-25 is as follows:

 

VSOE – the price at which we sell the element in a separate stand-alone transaction;

 

TPE – evidence from us or other companies of the value of a largely interchangeable element in a transaction;

 

BESP – our best estimate of the selling price of an element in the transaction.

To determine the selling price in multiple elements arrangements, we establish VSOE of the selling price for installation, training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. VSOE for installation is determined based on the prices that we charge for billable labor and materials consumed in comparable services (such as relocating a system to another customer site). VSOE for prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is determined on the basis of similar products we sell on a standalone basis, such as full service contracts and billable lens swaps, and which are subject to normal price negotiations. Revenue from installation and training services is recognized when the services are completed. Revenue from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is recognized over the term of the contract. When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP. The objective of using estimated selling price-based methodology is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. Accordingly, we determine BESP considering several internal and external factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices, gross margin objectives, market conditions, competitive environment, internal costs and geographies. We review selling prices annually and maintain internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates.

Business Combinations

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are included on the basis of the acquisition method. The cost of acquisition is measured based on the consideration transferred at fair value, the fair value of identifiable assets distributed and the fair value of liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date (i.e., the date at which we obtain control). The excess of the costs of an acquired subsidiary over the net of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed, is capitalized as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs are expensed when incurred in the period they arise or the service is received.

Evaluation of Long-lived Assets for Impairment

Long-lived assets include goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at the end of the third quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. The test is based on a two-step approach for each reporting unit (being an operating segment or one level below an operating segment) in which goodwill has been recorded. First, recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the reporting unit including goodwill

 

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with the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than the fair value of the reporting unit, the second step should be performed. Goodwill impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by calculating the fair value of the various assets and liabilities included in the reporting unit in the same manner as goodwill is determined in a business combination.

Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment based on a two-step approach. First, the recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment with their fair value, being the sum of the related undiscounted future cash flows. Second, if the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment is higher than this fair value the assets are considered to be impaired. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

In determining the fair value of a long-lived asset (other than goodwill), we make estimates about future cash flows. These estimates are based on our financial plan updated with the latest available projection of the semiconductor market conditions and our sales and cost expectations, which are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business. We also make estimates and assumptions concerning WACC and future inflation rates. It is possible that actual results may differ from our plans, estimates and assumptions, which may require impairment of certain long-lived assets (other than goodwill). Future adverse changes in market conditions may also require impairment of certain long-lived assets (other than goodwill), which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Inventories

Inventories, including spare parts and lenses, are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. Costs include net prices paid for materials purchased, charges for freight and customs duties, production labor cost and factory overhead. Allowances are made for slow moving, obsolete or unsellable inventory and are reviewed on a quarterly basis. Our methodology involves matching our on-hand and on-order inventory with our requirements based on the expected demand and resulting manufacturing forecast. In determining inventory allowances, we evaluate inventory in excess of our forecasted needs on both technological and economic criteria and make appropriate provisions to reflect the risk of obsolescence. This methodology is significantly affected by our forecasted needs for inventory. If actual requirements were to be lower than estimated, additional inventory allowances for excess or obsolete inventory may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Income Taxes

We operate in various tax jurisdictions in Europe, Asia, and the United States and must comply with the tax laws and regulations of each of these jurisdictions.

We use the asset and liability method in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for tax consequences attributable to differences between the balance sheet carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Furthermore tax assets are recognized for the tax effect of incurred net operating losses. If it is more likely than not that the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of those assets.

We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. While we believe we have appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns, we regularly assess the potential outcomes of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, and adjust the income tax provision, income taxes payable and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known.

Results of Operations 2013 Compared with 2012

The following discussion and analysis of Results of Operations should be viewed in the context of the risks that may interfere with our business objectives, described in Item 3.D. “Risk Factors”.

Set out below our Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in millions)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

 

 

 
Total net sales        5,245.3           4,731.5   
Cost of sales        (3,068.1)           (2,726.3)   
Gross profit        2,177.2           2,005.2   
Other income        64.4           -   
Research and development costs        (882.0)           (589.1)   
Selling, general and administrative costs        (311.7)           (259.3)   
Income from operations        1,047.9           1,156.8   
Interest and other, net        (24.4)           (6.2)   
Income before income taxes        1,023.5           1,150.6   
Provision for income taxes        (8.0)           (4.3)   
Net income        1,015.5           1,146.3   

 

 

Set out below are our Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 expressed as a percentage of our total net sales:

 

 

Year ended December 31     

2013

%

      

2012

%

 

 

 
Total net sales          100.0                100.0   
Cost of sales        (58.5)           (57.6)   
Gross profit        41.5           42.4   
Other income        1.2           -   
Research and development costs        (16.8)           (12.5)   
Selling, general and administrative costs        (5.9)           (5.5)   
Income from operations        20.0           24.4   
Interest and other, net        (0.5)           (0.1)   
Income before income taxes        19.5           24.3   
Provision for income taxes        (0.1)           (0.1)   
Net income        19.4           24.2   

 

 

 

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Net Sales and Gross Profit

The following table shows a summary of net sales, units sold, gross profit and ASP data for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

                       

Year ended December 31

(in millions EUR, unless otherwise indicated)

       2013           2012   

 

 
Net sales        5,245.3           4,731.5   
Net system sales        3,993.1           3,801.6   
Net service and field option sales        1,252.2           929.9   
Total sales of systems (in units)        157           170   
Total sales of new systems (in units)        142           146   
Total sales of used systems (in units)        15           24   
Gross profit as a percentage of net sales        41.5           42.4   
ASP of system sales        25.4           22.4   
ASP of new system sales        27.4           24.8   
ASP of used system sales        6.9           7.6   

 

Net sales increased by EUR 513.8 million, or 10.9 percent, to EUR 5,245.3 million in 2013 from EUR 4,731.5 million in 2012, mainly driven by the increase in net service and field option sales of EUR 322.3 million, or 34.7 percent to EUR 1,252.2 million in 2013 from EUR 929.9 million in 2012. The increase in net service and field option sales is mainly caused by the expansion of Holistic Lithography through increased sales of integrated metrology and feedback loop technology and by OnPulse revenues as a result of the acquisition of Cymer.

The increase in net system sales of EUR 191.5 million, or 5.0 percent, to EUR 3,993.1 million in 2013 from EUR 3,801.6 million in 2012 is mainly caused by an increased ASP which more than offsets the lower amount of systems sold.

The increase of the ASP of our systems sold can mainly be explained by the ASP of our new systems sold which increased to EUR 27.4 million in 2013 from EUR 24.8 million in 2012, which was the result of a shift in the mix of systems sold towards more high-end system types, NXT:1960Bi and NXT:1970Ci and including one NXE:3300B.

Through 2013, all of the top 10 chipmakers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. In 2013, recognized sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 2,058.6 million, or 39.2 percent of our net sales. In 2012, recognized sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,236.1 million, or 26.1 percent of our net sales.

Gross profit increased by EUR 172.0 million to EUR 2,177.2 million or 41.5 percent of net sales in 2013 from EUR 2,005.2 million or 42.4 percent of net sales in 2012. Higher gross profit was mainly driven by the increased net system sales. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales in 2013 decreased compared to 2012, mainly due to a 1.6 percent impact from non-cash purchase price accounting adjustments related to the Cymer acquisition.

Other Income

Other income consists of contributions for R&D programs under the NRE funding arrangements from Participating Customers of the CCIP and amounted to EUR 64.4 million for 2013 (2012:nil).

Research and Development Costs

R&D costs (net of credits and excluding contributions under the NRE funding agreements from Participating Customers of the CCIP) increased by EUR 292.9 million, or 49.7 percent, to EUR 882.0 million in 2013 from EUR 589.1 million in 2012. R&D spending mainly increased due the additional investments in EUV source development as a result of the acquisition of Cymer and further investments in our other strategic programs (Immersion and holistic lithography).

Selling, General and Administrative Costs

SG&A costs increased by EUR 52.4 million, or 20.2 percent, to EUR 311.7 million in 2013, from EUR 259.3 million in 2012. The increase was mainly driven by the acquisition and subsequent integration of Cymer and incurred restructuring expenses.

Profitability

Our target is to achieve annual income from operations as percentage of net sales of greater than 20 percent. However in exceptional circumstances, as evidenced by the financial and economic crisis in 2009, we could see periods with income from operations that are substantially below our minimum target level.

 

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Interest and Other, Net

Interest and other, net increased by EUR 18.2 million to EUR 24.4 million expense in 2013 from EUR 6.2 million expense in 2012. This increase is mainly explained by the loss on the partial extinguishment of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 and a lower yield generated on our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate increased to 0.8 percent of income before income taxes in 2013 compared to 0.4 percent in 2012. In 2013, the effective tax rate was impacted by the settlement of the favorable pre-existing relationships between Cymer and ASML. This settlement gain is not recognized for tax purposes and was, apart from the R&D tax incentives, the major driver for the change in the effective tax rate in 2013. In 2012, the effective tax rate was amongst others impacted by a one-time tax benefit resulting from successful conclusion of tax audits. The movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2013 is considered to be limited compared to 2012.

Net Income

Net income in 2013 amounted to EUR 1,015.5 million, or 19.4 percent of net sales, representing EUR 2.36 basic net income per ordinary share, compared with net income in 2012 of EUR 1,146.3 million, or 24.2 percent of net sales, representing EUR 2.70 basic net income per ordinary share.

Results of Operations 2012 Compared with 2011

The following discussion and analysis of Results of Operations should be viewed in the context of the risks that may interfere with our business objectives, described in Item 3.D. “Risk Factors”.

Set out below our Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

Year ended December 31

(in millions)

      

 

2012

EUR

  

  

      

 

2011

EUR

  

  

 

 

Total net sales

       4,731.5           5,651.0   

Cost of sales

       (2,726.3)           (3,201.6)   

Gross profit

       2,005.2           2,449.4   

Research and development costs

       (589.1)           (590.3)   

Selling, general and administrative costs

       (259.3)           (217.9)   

Income from operations

       1,156.8           1,641.2   

Interest and other, net

       (6.2)           7.4   

Income before income taxes

       1,150.6           1,648.6   

Provision for income taxes

       (4.3)           (181.6)   

Net income

       1,146.3           1,467.0   
   

Set out below are our Consolidated Statements of Operations data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 expressed as a percentage of our total net sales:

 

Year ended December 31

      
 
2012
%
  
  
      
 
2011
%
  
  

 

 

Total net sales

       100.0           100.0   

Cost of sales

       (57.6)           (56.7)   

Gross profit

       42.4           43.3   

Research and development costs

       (12.5)           (10.4)   

Selling, general and administrative costs

       (5.5)           (3.9)   

Income from operations

       24.4           29.0   

Interest and other, net

       (0.1)           0.2   

Income before income taxes

       24.3           29.2   

Provision for income taxes

       (0.1)           (3.2)   

Net income

       24.2           26.0   
   

 

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Net Sales and Gross Profit

The following table shows a summary of net sales, units sold, gross profit and ASP data for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011:

 

Year ended December 31

(in millions EUR, unless otherwise indicated)

       2012           2011   

 

 

Net sales

       4,731.5           5,651.0   

Net system sales

       3,801.6           4,883.9   

Net service and field option sales

       929.9           767.1   

Total sales of systems (in units)

       170           222   

Total sales of new systems (in units)

       146           195   

Total sales of used systems (in units)

       24           27   

Gross profit as a percentage of net sales

       42.4           43.3   

ASP of system sales

       22.4           22.0   

ASP of new system sales

       24.8           24.5   

ASP of used system sales

       7.6           3.8   
                       

Net sales decreased by EUR 919.5 million, or 16.3 percent, to EUR 4,731.5 million in 2012 from EUR 5,651.0 million in 2011. The decrease in net sales mainly resulted from a decrease in net system sales of EUR 1,082.3 million, or 22.2 percent, to EUR 3,801.6 million in 2012 from EUR 4,883.9 million in 2011, partly offset by an increase in net service and field option sales of EUR 162.8 million or 21.2 percent to EUR 929.9 million in 2012 from EUR 767.1 million in 2011, mainly due the further expansion of Holistic Lithography, integrated metrology and feedback loops. The number of total systems sold decreased by 23.4 percent to 170 systems in 2012 from 222 systems in 2011, mainly caused by decreased demand in Memory, as its major driver, the PC business shrunk compared to 2011. During 2012, the majority of the system sales were generated from Logic.

The ASP of our new systems in 2012 EUR 24.8 million was in line with 2011 EUR 24.5 million.

From time to time, we repurchase systems that we have manufactured and sold and, following factory-rebuild or refurbishment, resell those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is mainly driven by market demand for capacity expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. The number of used systems sold in 2012 decreased to 24 from 27 in 2011. The ASP of our used systems increased by 100.0 percent to EUR 7.6 million in 2012 from EUR 3.8 million in 2011, which was the result of a shift in the mix of used systems sold toward more high-end system types.

Through 2012, all of the top 10 chipmakers worldwide, in terms of semiconductor capital expenditure, were our customers. In 2012, recognized sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,236.1 million, or 26.1 percent of our net sales. In 2011, recognized sales to our largest customer accounted for EUR 1,311.7 million, or 23.2 percent of our net sales.

Gross profit decreased to EUR 2,005.2 million or 42.4 percent of net sales in 2012 from EUR 2,449.4 million or 43.3 percent of net sales in 2011. Lower gross profit was mainly driven by the decreased number of total systems sold. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales in 2012 decreased compared to 2011, mainly due to increased infrastructure and manufacturing cost, driven primarily by EUV production, lower utilization of our production capacity and higher cost incurred in relation to excess and obsolete inventory as result of technological developments and design changes.

Research and Development Costs

R&D costs (net of credits) in 2012 (EUR 589.1 million) were in line with 2011 (EUR 590.3 million). R&D spending remained stable and mainly related to our strategic programs, in particular EUV, immersion and holistic lithography.

Selling, General and Administrative Costs

SG&A costs increased by EUR 41.4 million, or 19.0 percent, to EUR 259.3 million in 2012, or 5.5 percent of net sales, from EUR 217.9 million in 2011, or 3.9 percent of net sales. The increase was mainly driven by transaction costs incurred of EUR 26.1 million related to the CCIP and transaction costs related to the proposed acquisition of Cymer and costs to implement and support IT solutions of EUR 10.2 million.

Interest and Other, Net

Interest and other, net decrease by EUR 13.6 million to EUR 6.2 million expense in 2012 from EUR 7.4 million income in 2011. Interest income relates to interest earned on our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments; interest income declined in 2012 due to a lower yield earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments, and was more than offset by the interest expense on our outstanding debt.

 

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Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 0.4 percent of income before income taxes in 2012, compared with 11.0 percent of income before income taxes in 2011. The change in the effective tax rate is mainly due to a release of our liability for unrecognized tax benefits of EUR 92.5 million after successful conclusion of tax audits in different jurisdictions which almost completely offset the tax expenses, resulting in an income tax expense of EUR 4.3 million (2011: EUR 181.6 million).

Foreign Exchange Management

See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Fluctuations in Foreign Exchange Rates Could Harm Our Results of Operations”, Item 11 “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk”, Note 1 and Note 4 to our Financial Statements.

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our cash and cash equivalents increased to EUR 2,330.7 million as of December 31, 2013 from EUR 1,767.6 million as of December 31, 2012 and our short-term investments decreased to EUR 679.9 million as of December 31, 2013 from EUR 930.0 million as of December 31, 2012.

We generated net cash from operating activities of EUR 1,054.2 million, EUR 703.5 million and EUR 2,070.4 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Higher net cash provided by operating activities in 2013 compared to 2012 relates to increased sales levels and a decrease of our working capital, mainly due to an increase in accounts payable. Lower net cash provided by operating activities in 2012 compared to 2011 relates to decreased sales levels and decreased accrued and other liabilities mainly as a result of lower amounts of EUV down payments received in 2012.

We used EUR 368.4 million for investing activities in 2013, EUR 1,119.8 million in 2012 and EUR 300.9 million in 2011. In 2013, our investing activities mainly related to the cash consideration paid for the acquisition of Cymer of EUR 443.7 million and the purchase of property, plant and equipment of EUR 210.8 million, mainly related to further expansion of our EUV production facilities. This was to a large extent offset by the decrease of short-term investments, mainly in Dutch Treasury Certificates and deposits with the Dutch government, of EUR 290.2 million. In 2012, our investing activities primarily related to our short-term investments in Dutch Treasury Certificates and deposits with the Dutch government of EUR 930.0 million and purchases of property, plant and equipment of EUR 171.9 million. In 2011, our investing activities mainly related to machinery and equipment, EUV and NXT production facilities in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, information technology and leasehold improvements to our facilities.

Net cash used in financing activities was EUR 113.1 million in 2013, EUR 545.6 million in 2012, and EUR 991.6 million in 2011. In September 2013, we completed an offering of EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023 with interest payable annually on September 19 and, simultaneously, we repurchased a nominal amount of EUR 361.8 million of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 in a tender offer.

In 2013, net cash used in financing activities included the net cash proceeds of EUR 740.4 million from our notes offering and net cash proceeds of EUR 31.8 million from the issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options, mainly offset by net cash outflows of EUR 368.3 million for our notes tender offer and unwinding of related interest rate swaps, EUR 300.0 million for our regular share buyback program and EUR 216.1 million for our annual dividend payment. In 2012, net cash used in financing activities includes the net cash outflow of EUR 3,728.3 million for the Synthetic Share Buyback, EUR 535.4 million for our regular share buyback programs and EUR 188.9 million for our annual dividend payment, to a large extent offset by the proceeds of EUR 3,853.9 million from issuance of shares under the CCIP and EUR 53.8 million net proceeds from issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options. In 2011, net cash used in financing activities included the cash outflow of EUR 700.5 million used in our regular share buyback program, our annual dividend payment of EUR 172.6 million and a repayment of deposits from our customers of EUR 150.0 million, partly offset by the net proceeds from issuance of shares in connection with the exercise and purchase of employee stock options of EUR 34.1 million.

Our principal sources of liquidity consist of cash flows from operations, cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 of EUR 2,330.7 million, short-term investments as of December 31, 2013 of EUR 679.9 million and available credit facilities as of December 31, 2013 of EUR 700.0 million. In addition, we may from time to time raise additional capital in debt and equity markets. Our goal is to remain an investment grade rated company and maintain a capital structure that supports this.

We invest our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in short-term deposits with financial institutions that have good credit ratings and the Dutch government, in Dutch Treasury Certificates and in AAAm-rated money market funds that invest in high-rated short-term debt securities of financial institutions and governments. Our investments are predominantly denominated in euros and partly in U.S. dollars.

 

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Our available credit facility consists of an EUR 700.0 million committed revolving credit facility from a group of banks that will mature in 2018. The credit facility contains a restrictive covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40.0 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. At the end of 2013, we were in compliance with the covenant. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on our liquidity position. No amounts were outstanding under the credit facility as of the end of 2013.

We have repayment obligations in 2017, amounting to EUR 238.2 million and in 2023, amounting to EUR 750.0 million, both relating to our Eurobonds.

ASML seeks to ensure that cash generated from operations, together with the liquidity provided by existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and its borrowing capability, will be sufficient to satisfy its liquidity requirements throughout every phase of the industry cycles.

Our liquidity needs are affected by many factors, some of which are based on the normal on-going operations of the business, and others that relate to the uncertainties of the global economy and the semiconductor industry. Although our cash requirements fluctuate based on the timing and extent of these factors, we believe that cash generated from operations, together with the liquidity provided by existing cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments and our borrowing capability are sufficient to satisfy our current requirements, including our expected capital expenditures in 2014. We intend to return cash to our shareholders on a regular basis in the form of dividend payments and, subject to our actual and anticipated liquidity requirements and other relevant factors, share buybacks or capital repayment.

See Notes 4, 5, 15, 16, 26 and 27 to our Financial Statements for further reference.

C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

Research and Development

See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Research and Development” and Item 5.A. “Operating Results – Results of Operations”.

Intellectual Property Matters

See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Failure to Adequately Protect the Intellectual Property Rights Upon Which We depend Could Harm Our Business” and “Risk Factors – Defending Against Intellectual Property Claims by Others Could Harm Our Business” and Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Intellectual Property”.

D. Trend Information

In 2013, our business was supported by continuing momentum in the Logic segment with customers starting to add capacity at the 20nm node, driven by the mobile applications market. The memory segment continued to pick up in light of tight mobile DRAM capacity. NAND memory bit demand is on a steady growth path with a stable market outlook, underpinning technology and capacity investments in 2014.

The following table sets forth our systems backlog, excluding EUV, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012.

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in millions EUR, unless otherwise indicated)

    

 

 

 

2013

 

  

    

 

 

 

2012

 

  

 

 

New systems backlog excluding EUV (in units)

       46           40   

Used systems backlog excluding EUV (in units)

       10           6   

Total systems backlog excluding EUV (in units)

       56           46   

Value of new systems backlog excluding EUV

       1,906.2           1,190.1   

Value of used systems backlog excluding EUV

       47.1           24.0   

Total value of systems backlog excluding EUV

       1,953.3           1,214.1   

ASP of new systems backlog excluding EUV

       41.4           29.8   

ASP of used systems backlog excluding EUV

       4.7           4.0   

ASP of total systems backlog excluding EUV

       34.9           26.4   
   

Our systems backlog includes only orders for which written authorizations have been accepted and system shipment and revenue recognition dates within 12 months have been assigned. Historically, orders have been subject to cancellation or delay by the customer. Due to possible customer changes in delivery schedules and to cancellation of orders, our systems backlog at any particular date is not necessarily indicative of actual sales for any succeeding period.

 

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For the first quarter of 2014, we expect net sales of around EUR 1.4 billion, a gross margin of around 42 percent, R&D costs of about EUR 280 million, other income of about EUR 20 million, which consists of contributions from participants of the CCIP and SG&A costs of about EUR 85 million.

The trends discussed in this Item 5.D. “Trend information” are subject to risks and uncertainties. See “Part I – Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements” and item 3.D. “Risk Factors”.

E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have various contractual obligations, some of which are required to be recognized as liabilities in our Financial Statements, including long- and short-term debt. Other contractual obligations, namely operating lease commitments, purchase obligations and guarantees, are generally not required to be recognized as liabilities on our balance sheet but are required to be disclosed.

F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013 can be summarized as follows:

 

Payments due by period

(in thousands)

  

Total

EUR

    

1 year

EUR

     2 year
EUR
     3 year
EUR
     4 year
EUR
     5 year
EUR
    

 

After
5 years
EUR

 

 

 

Long-Term Debt Obligations, including interest expense1

     1,341,380         45,079         44,952         44,907         275,640         54,155         876,647   

Operating Lease Obligations

     74,946         30,293         21,543         14,081         4,803         2,539         1,687   

Purchase Obligations

     2,012,913         1,894,455         85,548         16,223         13,772         2,382         533   

Unrecognized Tax Benefits, including interest expense

     74,069         580         945         7,680         26,105         785         37,974   

 

 

Total Contractual Obligations

     3,503,308         1,970,407         152,988         82,891         320,320         59,861         916,841   
                                                                

 

1 See Note 15 to our Financial Statements for the amounts excluding interest expense.

Long-term debt obligations mainly relate to interest payments and principal amounts of our Eurobonds. See Note 15 to our Financial Statements.

Operating lease obligations include leases of equipment and facilities. Lease payments recognized as an expense were EUR 42.0 million, EUR 41.6 million and EUR 40.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Several operating leases for our buildings contain purchase options, exercisable at the end of the lease, and in some cases, during the term of the lease. The amounts to be paid if ASML should exercise these purchase options at the end of the lease as of December 31, 2013 can be summarized as follows:

 

Purchase options

due by period

(in thousands)

  

Total

EUR

     1 year
EUR
     2 year
EUR
     3 year
EUR
     4 year
EUR
     5 year
EUR
    

 

After
5 years
EUR

 

 

 

Purchase options

     13,983         -         -         13,983         -         -         -   
   

Purchase obligations include purchase commitments with suppliers in the ordinary course of business. ASML expects that it will honor these purchase obligations to fulfill future sales, in line with the timing of those future sales. The general terms and conditions of the agreements relating to the major part of our purchase commitments as of December 31, 2013 contain clauses that enable us to delay or cancel delivery of ordered goods and services up to the dates specified in the corresponding purchase contracts. These terms and conditions that we typically agree with our supply chain partners gives us additional flexibility to adapt our purchase obligations to our requirements in light of the inherent cyclicality of the semiconductor equipment industry in which we operate. We establish a provision for cancellation costs when it is probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of cancellation fees is reasonably estimable.

G. Safe Harbor

See Part I “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.

 

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Item 6 Directors, Senior Management and Employees

A. Directors and Senior Management

The members of our Supervisory Board and our Board of Management are as follows:

 

 

Name

   Title    Year of Birth      Term Expires      

 

 

Arthur P.M. van der Poel1,2,3

   Chairman of the Supervisory Board      1948         2016       

Fritz W. Fröhlich1,2

   Vice Chairman and Member of the Supervisory Board      1942         2014       

Hendrika (leke) C.J. van den Burg4

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1952         2015       

OB Bilous2,3

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1938         2014       

Pauline F.M. van der Meer Mohr4

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1960         2017       

Wolfgang H. Ziebart3,4

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1950         2017       

Clara (Carla) M.S. Smits-Nusteling1

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1966         2017       

Douglas A. Grose2,3

   Member of the Supervisory Board      1950         2017       

Peter T.F.M. Wennink

   President, Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board of Management      1957         N/A 5     

Martin A. van den Brink

   President, Chief Technology Officer and member of the Board of Management      1957         N/A 5     

Frits J. van Hout

   Executive Vice President, CPO and member of the Board of Management      1960         2017       

Frédéric J.M. Schneider-Maunoury

   Executive Vice President Operations and Order Fulfillment Process and Member of the Board of Management      1961         2014       

Wolfgang U. Nickl6

   Executive Vice President, CFO and Member of the Board of Management     

 

1969

 

  

 

    

 

2018    

 

  

 

 

 

 

1 Member of the Audit Committee.
2 Member of the Selection and Nomination Committee.
3 Member of the Technology and Strategy Committee.
4 Member of the Remuneration Committee.
5 The appointment term will be changed from an indefinite term to a definite term of four years upon notification to the AGM, scheduled on April 23, 2014.
6 Mr. Nickl’s appointment to ASML’s Board of Management is subject to the notification of the AGM, scheduled to be held on April 23, 2014.

Mmes. Van den Burg and Van der Meer Mohr and Messrs. Siegle, Westerburgen and Ziebart retired by rotation in 2013. Mr. Siegle and Mr. Westerburgen retired from the Supervisory Board per the AGM of April 24, 2013. In 2013, Ms. Van den Burg was reappointed for a maximum period of two years in line with the Supervisory Board’s profile; Ms. Van der Meer Mohr and Mr. Ziebart were reappointed for a maximum period of four years in line with the Supervisory Board’s profile. Ms. Smits-Nusteling and Mr. Grose were appointed as member of the Supervisory Board in 2013 for a maximum period of four years.

Since 2005, the Works Council of ASML Netherlands B.V. has an enhanced right to make recommendations for nomination of one-third of the members of the Supervisory Board, which recommendations may be rejected by the Supervisory Board in limited circumstances. See Item 6.C. “Board Practices – Supervisory Board”. At the 2005 AGM, Ms. Van den Burg was appointed pursuant to this recommendation right, and at the 2009 AGM and the 2013 AGM she was reappointed in accordance with this recommendation right. At the 2009 AGM, Ms. Van der Meer Mohr was appointed pursuant to this recommendation right, and at the 2013 General Meeting of Shareholders she was reappointed in accordance with this recommendation right.

There are no family relationships among the members of our Supervisory Board and Board of Management.

Director and Officer Biographies

Arthur P.M. van der Poel

Mr. Van der Poel was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2004 and was appointed as Chairman in 2007. Until 2001, he was the CEO of Philips Semiconductors. Mr. Van der Poel is a former member of the Board of Management (until April 2003) and a former member of the Group Management Committee of Royal Philips Electronics N.V. Mr. Van der Poel currently serves as a member of the Board of Directors of Gemalto Holding N.V., as a member of the Supervisory Board of Royal HaskoningDHV B.V. and as the chairman of the Supervisory Board of BDR Thermea.

Fritz W. Fröhlich

Mr. Fröhlich was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2004. He is the former Deputy Chairman and CFO of Akzo Nobel N.V. Mr. Fröhlich is the Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Randstad Holding N.V. Mr. Fröhlich also serves as a member of the Supervisory Boards of Allianz Nederland N.V. and Rexel S.A. and as a member of the Board of Directors of Prysmian Group.

 

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Hendrika (leke) C.J. van den Burg

Ms. Van den Burg was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2005. Ms. Van den Burg was a member of the European Parliament from 1999 until 2009. She was a member of the Supervisory Board of APG Group N.V. until May 15, 2013. Ms. Van den Burg was recently appointed for a new four-year mandate in the Dutch Monitoring Committee Corporate Governance Code. She also serves as chairperson of the Monitoring Foundation Dutch Insurance Companies (Stichting Toetsing Verzekeraars) and is a member of the Advisory Boards of the Dutch Data Protection Authority (College Bescherming Persoonsgegevens) and Dutch National Register of Supervisory Directors (Nationaal Register Commissarissen en Toezichthouders). Ms. Van den Burg is also a member of the Advisory Scientific Systemic Committee European Risk Board (ECB Frankfurt) and as a member of the Advisory Council International Affairs Commission Human Rights (Dutch Ministry Foreign Affairs).

OB Bilous

Mr. Bilous was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2005. From 1960 until 2000 Mr. Bilous held various management positions at IBM, including General Manager and Vice President Worldwide Manufacturing of IBM’s Microelectronics Division. Mr. Bilous also served on the Boards of SMST, ALTIS Semiconductor, Dominion Semiconductor and was chairman of the Board of Sematech from 2000 to 2009. Mr. Bilous currently serves as Board member of Nantero, Inc.

Pauline F.M. van der Meer Mohr

Ms. Van der Meer Mohr was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2009. Since January 1, 2010, Ms. Van der Meer Mohr serves as President of the Executive Board of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Prior to 2010 she was managing partner of the Amstelbridge Group, Senior Executive Vice President at ABN AMRO Bank, Head of Group Human Resources at TNT N.V., and held several senior executive roles at the Royal/Dutch Shell Group of Companies in various areas. Currently, Ms. Van der Meer Mohr is a member of the Supervisory Boards of Royal DSM N.V. and Duisenberg School of Finance and chairperson of the Executive Board of the Fulbright Center.

Wolfgang H. Ziebart

Mr. Ziebart was appointed to our Supervisory Board in March 2009. Mr. Ziebart is the Group Engineering Director of Jaguar Land Rover Ltd. Until May 2008, he was President and CEO of Infineon Technologies A.G. Before Infineon, Mr. Ziebart was on the Boards of Management of car components manufacturer Continental A.G. and automobile producer BMW A.G. Mr. Ziebart is the chairman of the Supervisory Board of Nordex S.E.

Carla M.S. Smits-Nusteling

Ms. Smits-Nusteling was appointed to our Supervisory Board in April 2013. Ms. Smits-Nusteling was CFO and member of the Board of Management of Royal KPN N.V. until 2012, and also held several finance and business related positions in Royal KPN N.V. and PostNL. Ms. Smits-Nusteling is a member of the Supervisory Board of Tele2 AB.

Douglas A. Grose

Mr. Grose was appointed to our Supervisory Board in April 2013. Mr. Grose was CEO of GlobalFoundries from its inception in 2009 until 2011 and before that, Mr. Grose served as senior vice president of technology development, manufacturing and supply chain for AMD. Prior to joining AMD in 2007, Mr. Grose spent 25 years at IBM as general manager of technology development and manufacturing for the systems and technology group. Currently, Mr. Grose is a director of SBA Materials.

Peter T.F.M. Wennink

Mr. Wennink joined ASML on January 1, 1999 and was appointed as Executive Vice President, CFO of ASML and member of our Board of Management on July 1, 1999. He was appointed as President and CEO on July 1, 2013. Mr. Wennink has an extensive background in finance and accounting. Prior to his employment with ASML, Mr. Wennink worked as a partner at Deloitte Accountants, specializing in the high technology industry with an emphasis on the semiconductor equipment industry. Mr. Wennink is a member of the Dutch Institute of Registered Accountants. Mr. Wennink is currently a member of the Supervisory Board of Bank Insinger de Beaufort N.V.

Martin A. van den Brink

Mr. Van den Brink joined ASML when the company was founded in 1984. He held several positions in engineering and from 1995 he served as Vice President Technology and member of the Board of Management. Mr. Van den Brink was appointed as Executive Vice President Product & Technology and member of the Board of Management in 1999. On July 1, 2013, Mr. Van den Brink was appointed as President and CTO. Mr. Van den Brink has earned a degree in Electrical Engineering from HTS Arnhem (HAN University), and a degree in Physics (1984) from the University of Twente, the Netherlands. In 2012, he was awarded an honorary doctorate in physics by the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

 

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Frits J. van Hout

Mr. Van Hout was appointed as Executive Vice President and Chief Program Officer on July 1, 2013. Prior thereto he served as Executive Vice President, CMO and Member of our Board of Management since 2009. Mr. Van Hout was previously an ASML employee from its founding in 1984 to 1992, in various roles in engineering and sales. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Van Hout served as CEO of the Beyeler Group, based in the Netherlands and Germany. After rejoining ASML in 2001, he served as Senior Vice President Customer Support and two Business Units. In 2008, Mr. Van Hout was appointed Executive Vice President Integral Efficiency.

Frédéric J.M. Schneider-Maunoury

Mr. Schneider-Maunoury joined ASML on December 1, 2009, as Executive Vice President and Chief Operations Officer and was appointed to ASML’s Board of Management on March 24, 2010. Before joining ASML, Mr. Schneider-Maunoury served as Vice President Thermal Products Manufacturing of the power generation and rail transport equipment group ALSTOM. Previously, he ran the worldwide Hydro Business of ALSTOM as general manager. Before joining ALSTOM in 1996, Mr. Schneider-Maunoury held various positions at the French Ministry of Trade and Industry.

Wolfgang U. Nickl

Mr. Nickl joined ASML on December 1, 2013, as Executive Vice President and CFO. He will be appointed as member of ASML’s Board of Management upon the notification to the AGM, scheduled on April 23, 2014. Prior to joining ASML, Mr. Nickl served as Executive Vice President and CFO at Western Digital Corporation, a U.S.-headquartered, NASDAQ-listed developer and manufacturer of storage devices, where he held several financial and operational leadership roles since joining Western Digital in 1995. Before Western Digital, Mr. Nickl gained experience in finance and IT consulting. He earned a BA in Business from the University of Cooperative Education in Stuttgart, Germany, and an MBA from the University of Southern California’s Marshall School of Business in Los Angeles, United States.

B. Compensation

The information required by Item 6.B. is incorporated by reference from pages 16, 17, 18, 19, 21 and 22 of ASML’s 2013 Remuneration Report which is included as exhibit 99.2 on Form 6-K furnished with the Commission on February 12, 2014.

C. Board Practices

General

We endorse the importance of good corporate governance, in which independent supervision, accountability and transparency are the most significant elements. Within the framework of corporate governance, it is important that a relationship of trust exists between the Board of Management, the Supervisory Board, our employees and our shareholders.

We pursue a policy of active communication with our shareholders. In addition to the exchange of ideas at the General Meeting of Shareholders, other important forms of communication include the publication of our annual and quarterly financial results as well as press releases and publications posted on our website.

Our corporate governance structure is intended to:

 

Provide shareholders with regular, reliable, relevant and transparent information regarding our activities, structure, financial condition, performance and other information, including information on our social, ethical and environmental records and policies;

 

Apply high-quality standards for disclosure, accounting and auditing; and

 

Apply stringent rules with regard to insider securities trading.

Two-Tier Board Structure

ASML is incorporated under Dutch law and has a two-tier board structure. Responsibility for the management of ASML lies with the Board of Management. Independent, non-executive members serve on the Supervisory Board, which supervises and advises the members of the Board of Management in performing their management tasks. The Board of Management has the duty to keep the Supervisory Board informed, consult with the Supervisory Board on important matters and submit certain important decisions to the Supervisory Board for its approval. The Supervisory Board is responsible for supervising, monitoring and advising the Board of Management on: (i) the achievement of ASML’s objectives, (ii) the corporate strategy and management of risks inherent to ASML’s business activities, (iii) the structure and operation of internal risk management and control systems, (iv) the financial reporting process and (v) compliance with applicable legislation and regulations.

 

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Supervisory Board members are prohibited from serving as officers or employees of ASML, and members of the Board of Management cannot serve on the Supervisory Board.

Board of Management

The Board of Management consists of at least two members or such larger number of members as determined by the Supervisory Board. Members of the Board of Management are appointed by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board must notify the General Meeting of Shareholders of the intended appointment of a member of the Board of Management. As a result of our compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code, members of the Board of Management that are initially appointed in 2004 or later shall be appointed for a maximum period of four years, but may be re-appointed. Members of the Board of Management serve until the end of the term of their appointment, voluntary retirement, or suspension or dismissal by the Supervisory Board. In the case of dismissal, the Supervisory Board must first inform the General Meeting of Shareholders of the intended removal.

The Supervisory Board determines the remuneration of the individual members of the Board of Management, in line with the remuneration policy adopted by the General Meeting of Shareholders, upon a proposal of the Supervisory Board. ASML’s remuneration policy is included in the Remuneration Report.

For details of the terms of office of the current members of the Board of Management, see Item 6.A “Directors and Senior Management”. Further information relating to the Board of Management required by Item 6.C. is incorporated by reference from pages 16, 17, 18 and 19 of ASML’s 2013 Remuneration Report which is included as exhibit 99.2 on Form 6-K, furnished with the Commission on February 12, 2014.

Supervisory Board

The Supervisory Board consists of at least three members or such larger number as determined by the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board prepares a profile in relation to its size and composition; ASML’s Supervisory Board profile is posted on ASML’s website.

Members of the Supervisory Board are appointed by the General Meeting of Shareholders from nominations of the Supervisory Board. Nominations must be reasoned and must be made available to the General Meeting of Shareholders and the Works Council simultaneously. Before the Supervisory Board presents its nominations, both the General Meeting of Shareholders and the Works Council may make recommendations (which the Supervisory Board may reject). In addition, the Works Council has an enhanced right to make recommendations for nomination of at least one-third of the members of the Supervisory Board, which recommendation may only be rejected by the Supervisory Board: (i) if the relevant person is unsuitable or (ii) if the Supervisory Board would not be duly composed if the recommended person were appointed as a Supervisory Board member. If no agreement can be reached between the Supervisory Board and the Works Council on these recommendations, the Supervisory Board may request the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court to declare its objection legitimate. Any decision of the Enterprise Chamber on this matter is non-appealable.

Nominations of the Supervisory Board may be rejected by the General Meeting of Shareholders by an absolute majority of the votes representing at least one-third of the total outstanding capital. If the votes cast in favor of such resolution do not represent at least one-third of the total outstanding capital, a new meeting can be convened at which the nomination can be rejected by an absolute majority. If a nomination is rejected, the Supervisory Board must make a new nomination. If a nomination is not rejected and the General Meeting of Shareholders does not appoint the nominated person, the Supervisory Board will appoint the nominated person.

Members of the Supervisory Board serve for a maximum term of four years from the date of their appointment, or a shorter period as set out in the rotation schedule as adopted by the Supervisory Board. They may be re-appointed, provided that their entire term of office does not exceed twelve years. The General Meeting of Shareholders may, with an absolute majority of the votes representing at least one-third of the total outstanding capital, dismiss the Supervisory Board in its entirety for lack of confidence. In such event, the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court shall appoint one or more members of the Supervisory Board at the request of the Board of Management.

Upon the proposal of the Supervisory Board, the General Meeting of Shareholders determines the remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board. A member of the Supervisory Board may not be granted any shares or option rights by way of remuneration.

 

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For details of the terms of office of the current members of the Supervisory Board, see Item 6.A “Directors and Senior Management”. Further information relating to the Supervisory Board required by Item 6.C. is incorporated by reference from pages 21 and 22 of ASML’s 2013 Remuneration Report which is included as exhibit 99.2 on Form 6-K, furnished with the Commission on February 12, 2014.

Approval of Board of Management Decisions

The Board of Management requires prior approval of the General Meeting of Shareholders for resolutions concerning an important change in the identity or character of ASML or its business, including:

 

A transfer of all or substantially all of the business of ASML to a third party;

 

Entering into or the termination of a long-term material joint venture between ASML and a third party; and

 

An acquisition or divestment by ASML of an interest in the capital of a company with a value of at least one-third of ASML’s assets (determined by reference to ASML’s most recently adopted Statutory Annual Report).

Rules of Procedure

The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board have adopted Rules of Procedure for each of the Board of Management, Supervisory Board and the four Committees of the Supervisory Board. These Rules of Procedure are posted on our website.

Directors and Officers Insurance and Indemnification

Members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board, as well as certain senior management members, are insured under ASML’s Directors and Officers Insurance Policy. Although the insurance policy provides for a wide coverage, our directors and officers may incur uninsured liabilities. ASML has agreed to indemnify its Board of Management and Supervisory Board against any claims arising in connection with their position as director and officer of ASML, provided that such claim is not attributable to willful misconduct or intentional recklessness of such officer or director.

Corporate Governance Developments

ASML continuously monitors and assesses applicable corporate governance rules, including recommendations and initiatives regarding principles of corporate governance. These include rules that have been promulgated in the United States both by NASDAQ and by the SEC. See also Item 16.G. “Corporate Governance”.

The Dutch Corporate Governance Code came into effect on January 1, 2004 and was amended as of January 1, 2009. Dutch listed companies are required to either comply with the principles and the best practice provisions of the Code, or to explain on which points they deviate from these best practice provisions and why.

ASML reports on its compliance with the Dutch Corporate Governance Code in its Statutory Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2013.

Committees of ASML’s Supervisory Board

While retaining overall responsibility, the Supervisory Board assigns certain of its tasks to its four committees: the Audit Committee, the Remuneration Committee, the Selection and Nomination Committee and the Technology and Strategy Committee. Members of these committees are appointed from among the Supervisory Board members.

The chairman of each committee reports to the Supervisory Board verbally and when deemed necessary in writing, the issues and items discussed in each meeting. In addition, the minutes of each committee are available to all members of the Supervisory Board, enabling the Supervisory Board to make the appropriate decisions.

Audit Committee

ASML’s Audit Committee is composed of three members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Audit Committee are Fritz Fröhlich (chairman), Arthur van der Poel and Carla Smits-Nusteling, each of whom is an independent, non-executive member of our Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board has determined that Fritz Fröhlich qualifies as the Audit Committee financial expert pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. Our external auditor, our CEO, our CFO, our Corporate Controller, our Corporate Chief Accountant, our Senior Director Corporate Risk and Assurance (Internal Audit), as well as other ASML employees invited by the chairman of the Audit Committee may also attend the meetings of the Audit Committee.

 

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The Audit Committee assists the Supervisory Board in:

 

Overseeing the integrity of our Financial Statements and related financial and non-financial disclosures;

 

Overseeing the qualifications, independence and performance of the external auditor; and

 

Overseeing our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Exhange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and

 

internal control over financial reporting.

In 2013, the Audit Committee held eight scheduled meetings, either in person or via conference call.

Remuneration Committee

ASML’s Remuneration Committee is composed of three members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Remuneration Committee are Wolfgang Ziebart (chairman), leke van den Burg and Pauline van der Meer Mohr. The Remuneration Committee advices the Supervisory Board and preparers resolutions with respect to the review and execution of the Remuneration Policy as adopted by General Meeting of Shareholders.

The Remuneration Committee prepares and the Supervisory Board establishes ASML’s general compensation philosophy for members of the Board of Management, and oversees the development and implementation of compensation programs for members of the Board of Management. The Remuneration Committee reviews and proposes to the Supervisory Board corporate goals and objectives relevant to the compensation of members of the Board of Management. The committee further evaluates the performance of members of the Board of Management in view of those goals and objectives, and makes recommendations to the Supervisory Board on the compensation levels of the members of the Board of Management based on this evaluation.

In proposing to the Supervisory Board the actual remuneration elements and levels applicable to the members of the Board of Management, the Remuneration Committee considers, among other factors, the remuneration policy, the desired levels of and emphasis on particular aspects of ASML’s short and long-term performance, as well as current compensation and benefits structures and levels benchmarked against relevant peers. External compensation survey data and, where necessary, external consultants are used to benchmark ASML’s remuneration levels and structures.

In 2013, the Remuneration Committee held five scheduled meetings and several ad hoc meetings, either in person or via conference call.

Selection and Nomination Committee

ASML’s Selection and Nomination Committee is composed of four members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Selection and Nomination Committee are OB Bilous (chairman), Arthur van der Poel, Fritz Fröhlich and Douglas Grose.

The Selection and Nomination Committee assists the Supervisory Board in:

 

Preparing the selection criteria and appointment procedures for members of ASML’s Supervisory Board and Board of Management;

 

Periodically evaluating the scope and composition of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board, and proposing the profile of the Supervisory Board in relation thereto;

 

Periodically evaluating the functioning of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board and the individual members of those boards and reporting the results thereof to the Supervisory Board; and

 

Proposing (re-)appointments of members of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board, and supervising the policy of the Board of Management in relation to the selection and appointment criteria for senior management.

In 2013, the Selection and Nomination Committee held three scheduled meetings and several ad hoc meetings, either in person or by conference call.

Technology and Strategy Committee

ASML’s Technology and Strategy Committee is composed of four members of the Supervisory Board. The current members of our Technology and Strategy Committee are OB Bilous (chairman), Arthur van der Poel, Douglas Grose and Wolfgang Ziebart. In addition, the Technology and Strategy Committee may appoint one or more advisors from within and/or from outside ASML. The advisors to the Technology and Strategy Committee may be invited as guests to the meetings, or parts thereof, of the committee but are not entitled to vote in the meetings.

 

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The Technology and Strategy Committee assists the Supervisory Board in relation to the following responsibilities and may prepare resolutions for the Supervisory Board related thereto:

 

Familiarization with and risk assessment and study of potential strategies, required technical resources, technology roadmaps and product roadmaps; and

 

Providing advice to the Supervisory Board with respect to matters related thereto.

In 2013, the Technology and Strategy Committee held five scheduled meetings, either in person or via conference call.

Disclosure Committee

ASML has a Disclosure Committee to ensure compliance with applicable disclosure requirements arising under US and Dutch law and applicable stock exchange rules. The Disclosure Committee is composed of various members of senior management, and reports to the CEO and CFO. The Disclosure Committee informs the Audit Committee about the outcome of the Disclosure Committee meetings. Furthermore, members of the Disclosure Committee are in close contact with our external legal counsel and our external auditor.

The Disclosure Committee gathers all relevant financial and non-financial information and assesses materiality, timeliness and necessity for disclosure of such information. In addition the Disclosure Committee assists the CEO and CFO in the maintenance and evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.

During 2013, the Disclosure Committee reviewed the quarterly financial result announcements, the Statutory Interim Report, the Annual Report on Form 20-F, the Statutory Annual Report, and the prospectus in connection with the offering for the EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023 issued on September 12, 2013. The Committee also advises the CEO and CFO on the assessment of ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures and on the assessment of ASML’s internal control over financial reporting.

D. Employees

The following table presents our total numbers of payroll employees and temporary employees as of December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 (in FTEs), primarily in manufacturing, product development and customer support activities:

 

 

    As of December 31      2013      2012      2011  

 

 
 

 

 

 

Payroll Employees

 

  

  

 

 

 

10,360

 

  

  

 

 

 

8,497

 

  

  

 

 

 

7,955

 

  

   

 

Temporary Employees

 

  

 

    

 

2,865

 

  

 

    

 

2,139

 

  

 

    

 

1,935

 

  

 

 

 
 

 

 

 

Employees (in FTEs)

 

  

  

 

 

 

13,225

 

  

  

 

 

 

10,636

 

  

  

 

 

 

9,890

 

  

 

 

During 2013, the average number of payroll employees in FTEs employed was 9,540, and the average number of temporary employees in FTEs employed was 2,546. The increase in employees expressed in FTEs is mainly explained by the acquisition of Cymer as per May 30, 2013.

For a more detailed description of payroll employee information, including a breakdown of our employees in FTEs by sector, see Notes 18 and 22 to our Financial Statements. We rely on our ability to vary the number of temporary employees to respond to fluctuating market demand for our products.

Our future success will depend on our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate highly qualified, skilled and educated employees, who are in great demand. We are particularly reliant for our continued success on the services of several key employees, including a number of systems development specialists with advanced university qualifications in engineering, optics and computing. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors – Our Business and Future Success Depend on Our Ability to Attract and Retain a Sufficient Number of Adequately Educated and Skilled Employees.”

ASML Netherlands B.V., our operating subsidiary in the Netherlands, has a Works Council, as required by Dutch law. A Works Council is a representative body of the employees of a Dutch company elected by the employees. The Board of Management of any Dutch company that runs an enterprise with a Works Council must seek the non-binding advice of the Works Council before taking certain decisions with respect to ASML, such as those related to a major restructuring, a change of control, or the appointment or dismissal of a member of the Board of Management. In case the Works Council renders a contrary advice on a particular decision and the Board of Management nonetheless wishes to proceed, the Board of Management must temporarily suspend any further action while the Works Council determines whether to appeal to the Enterprise Chamber of the Amsterdam Court of Appeal. Other decisions directly involving employment matters that apply either to all employees, or certain groups of employees, may only be taken with the Works Council’s approval. Failing approval of the Works Council, the decision first has to be submitted to the Enterprise

 

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Chamber for mediation. If no resolution has been reached, the decision can only be taken by with the approval of the Dutch District Court.

E. Share Ownership

Information with respect to share ownership of members of our Supervisory Board and Board of Management is included in Item 7A “Major Shareholders”. Further information required by Item 6.E. is incorporated by reference from page 20 of ASML’s 2013 Remuneration Report which is included as exhibit 99.2 on Form 6-K, furnished with the Commission on February 12, 2014. Information with respect to the grant of shares and stock options to employees is included in Note 18 to our Financial Statements.

Item 7 Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions

A. Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth the total number of ordinary shares owned by each shareholder whose beneficial ownership of ordinary shares is at least 3.0 percent of our ordinary shares issued and outstanding, as well as the ordinary shares (including options) owned by members of the Board of Management (which includes those persons specified in Item 6 “Directors, Senior Management and Employees”), as a group, as of December 31, 2013. The information set out below is solely based on public filings with the SEC and AFM on February 5, 2014.

 

 

Identity of Person or Group    Shares
Owned
     Percent of
Class9
 

 

 

Stichting Administratiekantoor MAKTSJAB/Intel 1

     62,977,877         14.29%   

Capital Group International, Inc 2

     51,453,097         11.67%   

BlackRock Inc. 3

     22,982,001         5.21%   

Stichting Administratiekantoor TSMC/TSMC 4

     20,992,625         4.76%   

FMR LLC 5

     19,537,364         4.43%   

Members of ASML’s Board of Management and its Chief Financial Officer6, as a group (5 persons) 7,8

     99,678         0.02%   

 

 

 

1 Stichting Adminstratiekantoor MAKTSJAB owns the stated percentage of our ordinary shares and has issued corresponding depository receipts to Intel.
2 As reported to the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets on September 3, 2012, Capital Group International, Inc. indirectly has voting rights related to 51,453,097 shares of our ordinary shares but does not have ownership rights related to those shares. In addition, CRMC, which we believe to be an affiliate of Capital Group International, Inc., reported to the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets on August 2, 2011, that it holds voting rights related to 44,579,832 shares of our ordinary shares but does not have ownership rights related to those shares. Capital World Investors reported on a Schedule 13-G/A filed with the Commission on June 10, 2013, that it is the beneficial owner of 45,026,116 shares of our ordinary shares as a result of its affiliation with CRMC.
3 Based solely on the Schedule 13-G/A filed by BlackRock Inc. with the Commission on February 3, 2014. The July 2, 2013 public filing with the AFM shows aggregate holdings of various BlackRock funds of (based on total number of issued shares as per 2 July 2013) 3.68% in shares and 4.42% in voting rights.
4 Stichting Administratiekantoor TSMC owns the stated percentage of ordinary shares and has simultaneously issued corresponding depository receipts to TSMC.
5 Based solely on the Schedule 13-G/A filed by FMR LLC with the Commission on February 14, 2013. FMR LLC previously reported on the Schedule 13-G/A filed with the Commission on February 12, 2012 that it owned 36,311,008 of our ordinary shares.
6 Mr. Nickl’s appointment to ASML’s Board of Management is subject to the notification of the AGM, scheduled to be held on April 23, 2014.
7 Does not include unvested shares and shares underlying options granted to members of ASML’s Board of Management. Further information required by Item 7.A. is incorporated by reference from page 20 of ASML’s 2013 Remuneration Report which is included as exhibit 99.2 on Form 6-K, furnished with the Commission on February 12, 2014.
8 No shares are owned by members of the Supervisory Board.
9 As a percentage of the total number of ordinary shares outstanding (440,852,334) as of December 31, 2013.

The Intel Stichting and the TSMC Stichting acquired the shares indicated above as part of our CCIP in the second half of 2012. The Customer Stichtingen do not vote on the ordinary shares held by them, unless instructed to do so by Intel and TSMC in accordance with their respective shareholder agreements. Intel and TSMC, are not entitled to vote on the ASML shares held by the Customer Stichtingen, except in certain exceptional circumstances, including the authorization of certain significant share issuances and share repurchases, any amendment to the Articles of Association that would materially affect the specific voting rights of Intel or TSMC or any significant change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business, the dissolution of ASML, and any merger or demerger which would result in a material change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business (see Item 10.C. “Material Contracts – Customer Co-Investment Program”).

We do not issue share certificates. For more information see Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.

As of December 31, 2013, 91,263,480 NASDAQ shares were held by 379 registered holders with a registered address in the United States. Since certain of our ordinary shares were held by brokers and nominees, the number of record holders in the United States may not be representative of the number of beneficial holders or of where the beneficial holders are resident.

 

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Obligations of Shareholders to Disclose Holdings under Dutch Law

Holders of our shares may be subject to reporting obligations under the FMSA.

The disclosure obligations under the FMSA apply to any person or entity that acquires, holds or disposes of an interest in the voting rights and/or the capital of a public limited company incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands whose shares are admitted to trading on a regulated market within the European Union, such as ASML. Disclosure is required when the percentage of voting rights or capital interest of a person or an entity reaches, exceeds or falls below 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0, 30.0, 40.0, 50.0, 60.0, 75.0 or 95.0 percent (as a result of an acquisition or disposal by such person, or as a result of a change in our total number of voting rights or capital issued). With respect to ASML, the FMSA requires any person or entity whose interest in the voting rights and/or capital of ASML reached, exceeded or fell below those percentage interests to notify the AFM immediately.

ASML is required to notify the AFM immediately if our voting rights and/or capital have changed by 1.0 percent or more since its previous notification on outstanding voting rights and capital. In addition, ASML must notify the AFM of changes of less than 1.0 percent in ASML’s outstanding voting rights and capital at least once per calendar quarter, within eight days after the end of the quarter. Any person whose direct or indirect voting rights and/or capital interest meets or passes the thresholds referred to in the previous paragraph as a result of a change in the outstanding voting rights or capital must notify the AFM no later than the fourth trading day after the AFM has published such a change.

Once every calendar year, within four weeks after the end of the calendar year, holders of an interest of 3.0 percent or more in ASML’s voting rights or capital must notify the AFM of any changes in the composition of their interest resulting from certain acts (including, but not limited to, the exchange of shares for depositary receipts and vice versa, and the exercise of rights to acquire shares).

Subsidiaries, as defined in the FMSA, do not have independent reporting obligations under the FMSA, as interests held by them are attributed to their (ultimate) parents. Any person may qualify as a parent for purposes of the FMSA, including an individual. A person who ceases to be a subsidiary and who disposes of an interest of 3.0 percent or more in ASML’s voting rights or capital must immediately notify the AFM. As of that moment, all notification obligations under the FMSA become applicable to the former subsidiary.

For the purpose of calculating the percentage of capital interest or voting rights, the following interests must, among other arrangements, be taken into account: shares and votes (i) directly held by any person, (ii) held by such person’s subsidiaries, (iii) held by a third party for such person’s account, (iv) held by a third party with whom such person has concluded an oral or written voting agreement (including on the basis of an unrestricted power of attorney), (v) held by a third party with whom such person has agreed to temporarily transfer voting rights against payment, (vi) financial instruments of which the increase in value is wholly or partially dependent on an increase in value of our shares or distributions in respect thereof (including certain cash settled financial instruments such as contracts for difference and total return swaps), (vii) put options pursuant to which a person can be required to purchase our shares, and (vii) other contracts under which a person has a position economically comparable to having our shares. Interests held jointly by multiple persons are attributed to those persons in accordance with their entitlement. A holder of a pledge or right of usufruct in respect of shares can also be subject to these reporting obligations if such person has, or can acquire, the right to vote on the shares or, in case of depositary receipts, the underlying shares. The managers of certain investment funds are deemed to hold the capital interests and voting rights in the funds managed by them.

For the same purpose, the following instruments qualify as “shares”: (i) shares, (ii) depositary receipts for shares (or negotiable instruments similar to such receipts), (iii) negotiable instruments for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii) (such as convertible bonds), and (iv) options for acquiring the instruments under (i) or (ii).

Since July 1, 2013, a requirement to notify the AFM of any gross short position in our shares applies. For the notification of gross short positions the same thresholds apply as for notifying an actual or potential interest in the capital and/or or voting rights of a Dutch listed company, as referred to above. In addition, pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 236/2012, each person holding a net short position amounting to 0.2 percent of the issued share capital of a Dutch listed company is required to report it to the AFM. Each subsequent increase of this position by 0.1 percent above 0.2 percent will also need to be reported. Each net short position equal to 0.5 percent of the issued share capital of a Dutch listed company and any subsequent increase of that position by 0.1 percent will be made public via the AFM short selling register. To calculate whether a natural person or legal person has a net short position, their short positions and long positions must be set-off. A short transaction in a share can only be contracted if a reasonable case can be made that the shares sold can actually be delivered, which requires confirmation of a third party that the shares have been located.

The AFM keeps a public registry of and publishes all notifications made pursuant to the FMSA.

 

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Non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the FMSA could lead to criminal fines, administrative fines, imprisonment or other sanctions. In addition, non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the FMSA may lead to civil sanctions, including (i) suspension of the voting rights relating to the shares held by the offender, for a period of not more than three years, (ii) nullification of any resolution of our general meeting of shareholders to the extent that such resolution would not have been approved if the votes at the disposal of the person or entity in violation of a duty under the FMSA had not been exercised and (iii) a prohibition on the acquisition by the offender of our shares or the voting on our ordinary shares for a period of not more than five years.

Since July 1, 2013, we may request Euroclear Nederland and its admitted institutions as well as intermediaries, institutions and custodians of investment funds (in the Netherlands and abroad) of which we reasonably expect that they hold our shares other than as beneficial owner, to provide certain details on the identity and number of shares held, of their clients for whom they hold our shares. We must keep the information received confidential. We may only make such requests during a period of 60 days prior to the day on which our general meeting of shareholders will be held. No details are required to be given in respect of shareholders with an interest of less than 0.5 percent of our issued share capital. A shareholder who, individually or together with other shareholders, holds an interest of at least 10 percent of the issued share capital may request us to establish the identity of our shareholders in this manner so that we can forward to them information provided by such shareholder in respect of an item on the agenda for the general meeting. This request may only be made during a period of 60 days until (and not including) the 42nd day before the day on which the general meeting of shareholders will be held.

B. Related Party Transactions

Intel Agreements under Customer Co-Investment Program

On July 9, 2012, we announced our CCIP to accelerate our development of EUV technology beyond the current generation and our development of future 450mm silicon wafer technology. The Participating Customers collectively agreed to fund EUR 1.38 billion of our research and development projects from 2013 through 2017. This program creates risk sharing with some of our largest customers while the results of ASML’s development programs will be available to every semiconductor manufacturer with no restrictions. The R&D funding program in the CCIP consists of two funding projects: a 450mm technology development project and a next-generation EUV development project. ASML has entered into NRE Funding Agreements with the Participating Customers.

In addition to the funding commitments described above, the Participating Customers have invested in ordinary shares equal, in aggregate, to 23 percent of ASML’s issued share capital (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). The proceeds of the share issuance, EUR 3.85 billion, were returned to the holders of ordinary shares (excluding the Participating Customers) through a Synthetic Share Buyback executed in November 2012.

Intel is the largest participant in the program, with an aggregate funding commitment of EUR 829 million and an investment in 15 percent of our ordinary shares (after giving effect to the Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012).

Please see Item 10.C “Material Contracts – Customer Co-Investment Program” and Note 28 to our Financial Statements for more information about the CCIP. See Note 29 to our Financial Statements for details on sales to Intel in 2013 and outstanding balances as of December 31, 2013.

There have been no other transactions during our most recent fiscal year, and there are currently no transactions, between ASML or any of its subsidiaries, and any significant shareholder and any director or officer or any relative or spouse thereof other than ordinary course compensation arrangements. During our most recent fiscal year, there has been no, and at present there is no, outstanding indebtedness to ASML owed or owing by any director or officer of ASML or any associate thereof, other than the virtual financing arrangement with respect to shares and stock options described under Note 18 to our Financial Statements. Furthermore, ASML has not granted any personal loans, guarantees, or the like to members of the Board of Management or Supervisory Board.

C. Interests of Experts & Counsel

Not applicable.

 

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Item 8 Financial Information

A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

Consolidated Financial Statements

See Item 18 “Financial Statements”.

Export Sales

See Note 21 to our Financial Statements.

Legal Proceedings

See Item 4.B. “Business Overview – Intellectual Property” and Note 19 to our Financial Statements.

Dividend Policy

As part of our financing policy, we aim to pay an annual dividend that will be stable or growing over time. Annually, the Board of Management will, upon prior approval from the Supervisory Board, submit a proposal to the AGM with respect to the amount of dividend to be declared with respect to the prior year. The dividend proposal in any given year will be subject to the availability of distributable profits or retained earnings and may be affected by, among other factors, the Board of Management’s views on our potential future liquidity requirements, including for investments in production capacity, the funding of our R&D programs and for acquisition opportunities that may arise from time to time; and by future changes in applicable income tax and corporate laws. Accordingly, it may be decided to propose not to pay a dividend or to pay a lower dividend with respect to any particular year in the future.

For 2013, a proposal to declare a dividend of EUR 0.61 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 nominal value will be submitted to the AGM to be held on April 23, 2014.

B. Significant Changes

No significant changes have occurred since the date of our Financial Statements. See Item 5.D. “Trend Information” and Note 30 to the Financial Statements.

Item 9 The Offer and Listing

A. Offer and Listing Details

Our ordinary shares are listed for trading in the form of registered ASML NASDAQ shares and in the form of registered ASML shares NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. The principal trading market of our ordinary shares is NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. Our ordinary shares also trade on NASDAQ. For more information see Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Association”.

Our shares listed at NASDAQ are registered with J.P. Morgan, the New York Transfer Agent, pursuant to the terms of the Transfer Agent Agreement between ASML and the New York Transfer Agent. Our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam are held in dematerialized form through the facilities of Euroclear Nederland, the Dutch centralized securities custody and administration system. The New York Transfer Agent charges shareholders a fee of USD 5.00 per 100 shares for the exchange of our shares listed at NASDAQ for our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam and vice versa.

Dividends payable on our shares listed at NASDAQ are declared in euro and converted to U.S. dollars at the rate of exchange at the close of business on the date determined by the Board of Management. The resulting amounts are distributed through the New York Transfer Agent and no charge is payable by holders of our shares listed at NASDAQ in connection with this conversion or distribution.

Pursuant to the terms of the Transfer Agent Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the New York Transfer Agent for certain out of pocket expenses, including in connection with any mailing of notices, reports or other communications made generally available by ASML to holders of ordinary shares and the New York Transfer Agent has waived its fees associated with routine services to ASML associated with our shares listed at NASDAQ. In addition, the New York Transfer Agent has agreed to reimburse certain reasonable expenses incurred by ASML in connection with the issuance and transfer of our shares listed at NASDAQ. In the year ended December 31, 2013, the Transfer Agent reimbursed USD 2,495,352 of expenses incurred by ASML, which mainly comprised of legal and listing fees incurred due to the existence of our shares listed at NASDAQ.

 

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The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low closing prices of our shares listed at NASDAQ and our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam.

 

 

 

                              ASML  shares NASDAQ                               ASML  shares NYSE   
                               USD    

                           Euronext Amsterdam

                           EUR

 
    High     Low     High     Low  

 

 

Annual Information

       

2013

    100.96        63.08        74.30        47.20   

2012

    64.68        40.91        49.36        31.81   

2011

    45.82        31.08        32.81        22.28   

2010

    38.45        24.73        29.26        19.68   

2009

    34.67        14.28        24.24        11.35   

 

 

Quarterly Information

       

4th quarter 2013

    100.96        86.94        74.30        63.87   

3rd quarter 2013

    98.76        78.40        73.00        60.66   

2nd quarter 2013

    84.08        66.08        65.55        50.62   

1st quarter 2013

    78.21        63.08        56.80        47.20   

4th quarter 2012

    64.68        50.08        49.36        39.15   

3rd quarter 2012

    58.86        48.46        48.14        39.75   

2nd quarter 2012

    51.54        43.80        40.88        35.17   

1st quarter 2012

    50.14        40.91        37.48        31.81   

 

 

Monthly Information

       

February (through February 4) 2014

    84.56        84.09        62.86        62.53   

January 2014

    92.36        84.40        67.76        62.05   

December 2013

    94.07        87.91        69.25        63.87   

November 2013

    93.59        86.94        69.11        64.54   

October 2013

    100.96        92.84        74.30        67.40   

September 2013

    98.76        88.39        73.00        66.79   

August 2013

    92.99        87.06        70.33        65.94   

 

 

B. Plan of Distribution

Not applicable.

C. Markets

See Item 9.A. “Offer and Listing Details”.

D. Selling Shareholders

Not applicable.

E. Dilution

Not applicable.

F. Expenses of the Issue

Not applicable.

Item 10 Additional Information

A. Share Capital

Not applicable.

B. Memorandum and Articles of Association

Our Articles of Association included as Exhibit 99.1 to our form 6-K filed furnished with the SEC on February 8, 2013 (the “Articles of Association”).

Current Authorizations to Issue and Repurchase Ordinary Shares

Our Board of Management has the power to issue ordinary shares and preference shares if and insofar as the Board of Management has been authorized to do so by the General Meeting of Shareholders (whether by means of an authorizing resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association). The Board of Management requires the approval of the Supervisory Board for such an issue. An authorization of the Board of Management to issue ordinary shares or preference shares may be effective for a specified period of up to five years and may be renewed. In the absence of

 

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such authorization, the General Meeting of Shareholders has the power to authorize the issuance of ordinary shares or preference shares, upon the proposal of the Board of Management, which proposal must be authorized by the Supervisory Board.

At our AGM on April 24, 2013, our shareholders authorized the Board of Management to issue shares and/or rights thereto through October 24, 2014, up to an aggregate maximum of 10.0 percent of ASML’s issued share capital. At our AGM to be held on April 23, 2014, our shareholders will be asked to extend this authority through October 23, 2015.

Holders of ASML’s ordinary shares have a preemptive right of subscription, in proportion to the aggregate nominal amount of the ordinary shares held by them, to any issuance of ordinary shares for cash, which right may be restricted or excluded. Ordinary shareholders have no pro rata preemptive right of subscription to any ordinary shares issued for consideration other than cash or ordinary shares issued to employees. If authorized for this purpose by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association), the Board of Management has the power subject to approval of the Supervisory Board, to restrict or exclude the preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares. At our AGM on April 24, 2013, our shareholders authorized the Board of Management through October 24, 2014, subject to approval of the Supervisory Board, to restrict or exclude preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares up to a maximum of 10 percent of our issued share capital. At our AGM to be held on April 23, 2014, our shareholders will be asked to extend this authority through October 23, 2015.

In addition, the articles of association provide for 9,000 ordinary shares B with a nominal value of EUR 0.01 to allow holders of fractional shares, created as a result of the Synthetic Share Buyback, to obtain voting rights with respect to those fractional shares.

We may repurchase our issued ordinary shares at any time, subject to compliance with the requirements of Dutch law and our Articles of Association. Any such repurchases are subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board and the authorization of shareholders at our General Meeting of Shareholders, which authorization may not be for more than 18 months. The Board of Management is currently authorized, subject to Supervisory Board approval, to repurchase as of April 24, 2013 through October 24, 2014, up to a maximum of two times 10.0 percent of ASML’s issued share capital as of April 24, 2013, at a price between the nominal value of the ordinary shares purchased and 110.0 percent of the market price of these securities on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam or NASDAQ. At our AGM to be held on April 23, 2014, our shareholders will be asked to extend this through October 23, 2015.

C. Material Contracts

Overview

On July 9, 2012, we announced our CCIP to accelerate our development of EUV technology beyond the current generation and our development of future 450mm silicon wafer technology. The Participating Customers collectively agreed to fund EUR 1.38 billion of our research and development projects from 2013 through 2017. This program created risk sharing with some of our largest customers while the results of ASML’s development programs will be available to every semiconductor manufacturer with no restrictions. The R&D funding program in the CCIP consists of two funding projects: a 450mm technology development project and a next-generation EUV development project. ASML entered into NRE Funding Agreements with the Participating Customers.

In addition to the funding commitments described above, the Participating Customers have invested in ordinary shares equal, in aggregate, to 23 percent of ASML’s issued share capital (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). The proceeds of the share issuance, EUR 3.85 billion, were returned to the holders of ordinary shares (excluding the Participating Customers) through a Synthetic Share Buyback executed in November 2012. For further information regarding the Synthetic Share Buyback, see Note 26 to our Financial Statements.

Description of Investment Agreements, Shareholder Agreements and NRE Funding Agreements

In connection with the CCIP, ASML entered into an investment agreement, a shareholder agreement and NRE Funding Agreements with each of the Participating Customers. Intel is the largest participant in the program, with an aggregate funding commitment of EUR 829 million and an investment in 15 percent of our ordinary shares (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). A description of the investment agreement, shareholders agreement and NRE Funding Agreements between ASML and Intel is set out below. The agreements between ASML and the other program participants – TSMC (which acquired 5 percent of our shares and made an EUR 276 million funding commitment) and Samsung (which acquired 3 percent of our shares and made an EUR 276 million funding commitment) are on substantially the same terms as those agreed with Intel. Shares were acquired by Dutch foundations (“Stichtingen”) established for each participant.

 

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Investment Agreement

Pursuant to the Intel Investment Agreement between ASML and Intel, dated July 9, 2012, ASML agreed to issue to a foundation established for the Intel Stichting ordinary shares equal to 15 percent of ASML’s issued ordinary shares; the Intel Stichting issued to Intel depositary receipts representing the ordinary shares. The subscription price for the ordinary shares issued to Intel was EUR 39.91 per ordinary share, which is the average of the volume weighted average price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam for the twenty trading days up to and including July 6, 2012.

Under the Intel Investment Agreement, ASML has agreed to indemnify Intel, and its affiliates for certain losses and expenses related to breaches of representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in the Investment Agreements and with respect to certain legal proceedings related thereto, subject to certain limitations.

Shareholder Agreement

In connection with the issuance of shares pursuant to the Intel Investment Agreement, on September 12, 2012 ASML, Intel and the Intel Stichting entered into a Shareholder Agreement which governs certain matters relating to the holding of and further investment by Intel in ordinary shares of ASML, directly and indirectly through the Intel Stichting, including the matters described below.

Voting Restrictions

Pursuant to the Intel Shareholder Agreement, Intel (and the Intel Stichting) will not be entitled to vote the ordinary shares that were acquired by the Intel Stichting as part of the CCIP or any other ordinary shares otherwise transferred to the Intel Stichting (under the circumstances described under “Standstill; Additional Purchases” below) prior to a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event (as defined below), except when a Suspension Event (as described below) occurs and is continuing or where the following matters are proposed at any General Meeting (the “Voting Restrictions”): (i) an issuance of ASML shares or grant of rights to subscribe for ASML shares representing 25 percent or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of ASML or the restriction or exclusion of pre-emption rights relating thereto (in each case, on an aggregate basis during the preceding 12 months) or the designation of the Board of Management as the authorized body to resolve on these matters; (ii) an authorization to repurchase 25 percent or more of ASML’s issued and outstanding share capital on an aggregate basis during the preceding 12 months; (iii) the approval of a significant change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business, including a transfer of all or substantially all business or assets of ASML and its subsidiaries to a third party, the establishment or cancellation of a long-lasting cooperation of essential importance with a third party and an acquisition or disposition of an interest in the capital or assets of a person with a value of at least one third of the assets of ASML (on a consolidated basis); (iv) an amendment to ASML’s Articles of Association that would materially affect the specific voting rights of Intel, would materially affect the identity or nature of ASML or its business, or would disproportionately (or uniquely) and adversely affect the rights or benefits attached to or derived from the ordinary shares held by Intel through the Intel Stichting as compared to the shareholders; (v) the dissolution of ASML; and (vi) any merger or demerger which would result in a material change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business.

Standstill, Lock-up and Orderly Market Arrangements

Standstill; Additional Purchases

Subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to the Shareholder Agreement, Intel (or its affiliates) may not, prior to the six-year anniversary of the date of the Intel Shareholder Agreement (the “Standstill Period”), acquire more than 19.9 percent of the outstanding share capital of ASML without ASML’s prior approval (the “Standstill Restriction”). There is an exception from the Standstill Restriction in the case of a ‘suspension event’, which includes certain circumstances where a third party has acquired or made an offer to acquire at least 20 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares, and the Standstill Restriction will terminate upon the occurrence of a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event.

The Shareholder Agreement permits Intel (and its affiliates) to acquire up to 4.99 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares (other than shares acquired through the CCIP) that may be held outside the Intel Stichting. For any additional ASML shares that Intel (or its affiliates) acquires in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML, Intel is required to deposit such shares with the Intel Stichting in exchange for Depositary Receipts. Shares held directly by Intel or its affiliates (and which not required to be deposited with the Intel Stichting) are not subject to the Voting Restrictions, or Lock-Up Restrictions (as defined below), but are subject to the Standstill Restriction.

The Intel Stichting will continue to hold ASML shares owned by Intel (notwithstanding termination of the Standstill Period) until the earlier of (i) such time as Intel owns (directly or through the Intel Stichting) less than 2 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares (the relevant percentage is 1 percent for the other Participating Customers) (ii) the date

 

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of notification to ASML by Participating Customers that the aggregate amount of ASML’s outstanding shares owned by Intel and the other Participating Customers represents less than 5 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares and (iii) a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event (as defined below), following which time Depositary Receipts will be exchanged for the underlying ASML shares. In case Intel would acquire ASML shares within 18 months after an event described under (i) or (ii) above, any ASML shares held by Intel in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML must be transferred to (and held by) the Intel Stichting.

Lock-up; Orderly Sell Down

Intel may not, without prior written consent of ASML, transfer any ordinary shares or Depositary Receipts until the earliest of (i) two years and six months after the date of the Intel Shareholder Agreement, (ii) termination of the NRE Funding Agreements, and (iii) the occurrence of a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event ((i), (ii) and (iii) together, the “Lock-Up Restriction”). The Lock-Up Restriction does not apply in certain circumstances where a third party offers to acquire at least 20 percent of ASML’s shares. Intel is not permitted to transfer the ASML ordinary shares it acquired in the program in connection with an offer (before the end of the offer), or make any public statement in support of such offer, that is not recommended by the ASML Supervisory Board or Management Board, except in limited circumstances.

In addition, Intel may not (even after the Lock-Up Restriction has ended), without written consent of ASML, transfer on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam, NASDAQ or another securities exchange more than (i) in respect of Intel, 4 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML during any six month period (the relevant percentage is 1.5 percent for Samsung and 2.5 percent for TSMC). There are also restrictions on Intel’s ability to transfer ASML shares to certain competitors or customers of ASML.

Termination

The Intel Shareholder Agreement will terminate upon the occurrence of the following events (each a “Shareholder Agreement Termination Event”) (i) certain change of control transactions were the shareholders of ASML prior to such a transaction are no longer entitled to exercise at least 50 percent of the votes in the General Meeting following such transaction, (ii) in the event of a delisting of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam or delisting of our shares listed at NASDAQ (except for certain voluntary delistings from NASDAQ), (iii) the winding up or liquidation of ASML, or (vi) in the event that all Depositary Receipts are exchanged for ASML shares and Intel does not acquire ASML shares in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding ASML shares within 18 months of such exchange (see “Standstill; Additional Purchases” above).

NRE Funding Agreements

Intel NRE Funding Agreements

On July 9, 2012, ASML and Intel entered into two NRE Funding Agreements pursuant to which Intel has agreed to fund certain of ASML’s R&D costs and project expenditures. One agreement relates to the Intel 450mm NRE Funding Agreement and the other relates to the Intel EUV NRE Funding Agreement (together the Intel NRE Funding Agreements). Intel has committed to provide funding in an aggregate amount of EUR 553 million under the Intel 450mm NRE Funding Agreement and funding in an aggregate amount of EUR 276 million under the Intel EUV NRE Funding Agreement, payable over the term of the relevant agreements (2013-2017). Under the agreements, ASML retains sole control over the development of 450mm photo lithography equipment and EUV platforms and will own all intellectual property created by ASML in connection therewith. The NRE Funding Agreements provide that if ASML, in its reasonable discretion, determines to abandon either the 450mm or EUV development project, as a result of technical infeasibility or lack of sufficient industry demand, or if the then remaining funding exceeds the expenditure estimate for the development project (450mm or EUV), then the parties may agree on an alternative development project. If no alternative is agreed, ASML may invoice Intel for the remaining due portion of committed funding during each year of the remaining funding period in which ASML’s actual gross R&D expenditures exceed a minimum threshold specified in the relevant Intel NRE Funding Agreement.

The NRE Funding Agreements will terminate on December 31, 2017 or upon pre-payment by Intel of the aggregate amount of funding owed under the Intel NRE Funding Agreements.

Development 450mm silicon wafer technology

In November 2013, following our customers’ decision, ASML decided to pause the development of 450mm lithography systems until customer demand and the timing related to such demand is clear. We believe that our 450mm development activities can be restarted if and when the industry demands the introduction of 450mm. Since 450mm requires both generic developments and wafer size-specific developments, many of our employees involved in the

 

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450mm project are doing work that is just as relevant for future DUV and EUV platforms. The teams and people have therefore been reassigned to different projects.

Under our CCIP, we are party to a 450mm NRE Funding Agreement with Intel for a total NRE funding commitment of EUR 553 million. We are currently in discussions with Intel to determine appropriate projects to which to apply the 450mm NRE funding.

Under the CCIP, we are also party to EUV NRE agreements with Intel (total funding of EUR 276 million), TSMC (total funding of EUR 276 million) and Samsung (total funding of EUR 276 million), all of which funding is being used for EUV projects.

Cymer Merger Agreement

On October 16, 2012, ASML entered into a merger agreement with Cymer, a company engaged in the development, manufacturing and marketing of light sources for sale to customers who manufacture photolithography tools in the semiconductor equipment industry (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement provided for the acquisition of all outstanding shares of Cymer by a wholly-owned subsidiary, ASML US inc., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ASML. The Merger Agreement also contained certain customary representations and warranties, covenants and indemnities. The transaction was completed on May 30, 2013, in accordance with the terms of the Merger Agreement, for a total consideration of EUR 3.1 billion (USD 4.0 billion). See Note 2 to the Financial Statements.

D. Exchange Controls

There are currently no limitations, either under the laws of the Netherlands or in the Articles of Association of ASML, to the rights of non-residents to hold or vote ordinary shares. Cash distributions, if any, payable in euros on our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam may be officially transferred by a bank from the Netherlands and converted into any other currency without being subject to any Dutch legal restrictions. However, for statistical purposes, such payments and transactions must be reported by ASML to the Dutch Central Bank. Furthermore, no payments, including dividend payments, may be made to jurisdictions subject to certain sanctions, adopted by the government of the Netherlands, implementing resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations. Cash distributions, if any, on our shares listed at NASDAQ shall be declared in euros but paid in U.S. dollars, converted at the rate of exchange at the close of business on the date fixed for that purpose by the Board of Management in accordance with the Articles of Association.

E. Taxation

Dutch Taxation

The statements below represent a summary of current Dutch tax laws, regulations and judicial interpretations thereof. The description is limited to the material tax implications for a Non-Resident Holder. This summary does not address special rules that may apply to special classes of holders of ordinary shares and should not be read as extending by implication to matters not specifically referred to herein. As to individual tax consequences, each investor in ordinary shares should consult his or her tax counsel.

General

The acquisition of ordinary shares by a non-resident of the Netherlands should not be treated as a taxable event for Dutch tax purposes. The income consequences in connection with owning and disposing of our ordinary shares are discussed below.

Substantial Interest

A person that, (inter alia) directly or indirectly, and either independently or jointly with his partner (as defined in the Dutch Personal Income Tax Act 2001), owns 5.0 percent or more of our share capital, owns profit participating rights that correspond to at least 5.0 percent of the annual profits of a Dutch company or to at least 5.0 percent of the liquidation proceeds of such company or holds options to purchase 5.0 percent or more of our share capital, is deemed to have a substantial interest in our shares, or our options, as applicable. Specific rules apply in case certain family members of the Non-Resident Holder hold a substantial interest. A deemed substantial interest also exists if (part of) a substantial interest has been disposed of, or is deemed to be disposed of, in a transaction where no taxable gain has been recognized. Special attribution rules exist in determining the presence of a substantial interest.

 

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Income Tax Consequences for Individual Non-Resident Holders on Owning and Disposing of the Ordinary Shares

An individual who is a Non-Resident Holder will not be subject to Dutch income tax on received income in respect of our ordinary shares or capital gains derived from the sale, exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares, provided that such holder:

 

Does not carry on and has not carried on a business in the Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative to which the ordinary shares are attributable;

 

Does not hold and has not held a (deemed) substantial interest in our share capital or, in the event the Non-Resident Holder holds or has held a (deemed) substantial interest in our share capital, such interest is, or was, a business asset in the hands of the holder;

 

Does not share and has not shared directly (through the beneficial ownership of ordinary shares or similar securities) in the profits of an enterprise managed and controlled in the Netherlands which (is deemed to) own(s), or (is deemed to have) has owned, our ordinary shares;

 

Does not carry out and has not carried out any activities which generate taxable profit or taxable income to which the holding of our ordinary shares was connected; and

 

Is not an individual that has elected to be taxed as a resident of the Netherlands.

Corporate Income Tax Consequences for Corporate Non-Resident Holders

Income derived from ordinary shares or capital gains derived from the sale, exchange or disposition of ordinary shares by a corporate Non-Resident Holder is taxable if:

 

The holder carries on a business in the Netherlands through a permanent establishment or a permanent agent in the Netherlands (Dutch enterprise) and the ordinary shares are attributable to this permanent establishment or permanent agent, unless the participation exemption (discussed below) applies; or

 

The holder is a resident of Aruba, Curacao or Saint Martin with a permanent establishment or permanent representative in Bonaire, Eustatius or Saba to which out ordinary shares are attributable, while the profits of such holder are taxable in the Netherlands pursuant to article 17(3)(c) of the Dutch Corporate Income Tax Act 1969; or

 

The holder has a substantial interest in our share capital, which is held with the primary aim or one of the primary aims to evade the levy of income tax or dividend withholding tax at the level of another person and which is not attributable to his enterprise; or

 

Certain assets of the holder are deemed to be treated as a Dutch enterprise under Dutch tax law and the ordinary shares are attributable to this Dutch enterprise.

To qualify for the Dutch participation exemption, the holder must generally hold at least 5.0 percent of our nominal paid- in capital and meet certain other requirements.

Dividend Withholding Tax

In general, a dividend distributed by us in respect of our ordinary shares will be subject to a withholding tax imposed by the Netherlands at the statutory rate of 15.0 percent.

Dividends include:

 

Dividends in cash and in kind;

 

Deemed and constructive dividends;

 

Consideration for the repurchase or redemption of ordinary shares (including a purchase by a direct or indirect ASML subsidiary) in excess of qualifying average paid-in capital unless such repurchase is made for temporary investment purposes or is exempt by law;

 

Stock dividends up to their nominal value (unless distributed out of qualifying paid-in capital);

 

Any (partial) repayment of paid-in capital not qualifying as capital for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes; and

 

Liquidation proceeds in excess of qualifying average paid-in capital for Dutch dividend withholding tax purposes.

 

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A reduction of Dutch dividend withholding tax can be obtained if:

 

The participation exemption applies and the ordinary shares are attributable to a business carried out in the Netherlands;

 

The dividends are distributed to a qualifying EU corporate holder satisfying the conditions of article 4(2) and 4(3) of the Dutch Dividend Withholding Tax Act 1965; or

 

The rate is reduced by a Tax Treaty.

A Non-Resident Holder of ordinary shares can be eligible for a partial or complete exemption or refund of all or a portion of the above withholding tax under a Tax Treaty that is in effect between the Netherlands and the Non-Resident Holder’s country of residence. The Netherlands has concluded such treaties with the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, most European Union member states, as well as many other countries. Under the Treaty , dividends paid by us to a Non- Resident Holder that is a resident of the United States as defined in the Tax Treaty (other than an exempt organization or exempt pension trust, as discussed below) are generally liable to 15.0 percent Dutch withholding tax or, in the case of certain United States corporate shareholders owning at least 10.0 percent of our voting power, a reduction to 5.0 percent, provided that the Holder does not have an enterprise or an interest in an enterprise that is, in whole or in part, carried on through a permanent establishment or permanent representative in the Netherlands to which the dividends are attributable. The Tax Treaty also provides for a dividend withholding tax exemption on dividends, but only for a shareholders owning at least 80.0 percent of our voting power and meeting all other requirements. The Tax Treaty provides for a complete exemption from tax on dividends received by exempt pension trusts and exempt organizations, as defined therein. Except in the case of exempt organizations, the reduced dividend withholding tax rate (or exemption from withholding) can be applied at the source upon payment of the dividends, provided that the proper forms have been filed in advance of the payment. Exempt organizations remain subject to the statutory withholding rate of 15.0 percent and are required to file for a refund of such withholding.

A Non-Resident Holder may not claim the benefits of the Tax Treaty unless (i) he/she is a resident of the United States of America as defined therein, or (ii) he/she is deemed to be a resident on the basis of the provisions of article 24(4) of the Tax Treaty, and (iii) his or her entitlement to those benefits is not limited by the provisions of article 26 (limitation on benefits) of the Tax Treaty.

Dividend Stripping Rules

Under Dutch tax legislation regarding anti-dividend stripping, no exemption from, or refund of, Dutch dividend withholding tax is granted if the recipient of dividends paid by us is not considered the beneficial owner of such dividends.

Gift or Inheritance Taxes

Dutch gift or inheritance taxes will not be levied on the transfer of ordinary shares by way of gift, or upon the death of a Non-Resident Holder, unless:

(1) The transfer is construed as an inheritance or as a gift made by or on behalf of a person who, at the time of the gift or death, is deemed to be, resident of the Netherlands; or

(2) The ordinary shares are attributable to an enterprise or part thereof that is carried on through a permanent establishment or a permanent representative in the Netherlands.

Gift tax and inheritance tax are levied on the beneficiary. For purposes of Dutch gift and inheritance tax, an individual of Dutch nationality is deemed to be a resident of the Netherlands if he has been a resident thereof at any time during the ten years preceding the time of the gift or death. For purposes of Dutch gift tax, a person not possessing Dutch nationality is deemed to be a resident of the Netherlands if he/she has resided therein at any time in the twelve months preceding the gift.

Value Added Tax

No Dutch value added tax is imposed on dividends in respect of our ordinary shares or on the transfer of our shares.

Residence

A Non-Resident Holder will not become resident, or be deemed to be resident, in the Netherlands solely as a result of holding our ordinary shares or of the execution, performance, delivery and/or enforcement of rights in respect of our ordinary shares.

 

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United States Taxation

The following is a discussion of the material United States federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of Ordinary Shares by a United States Holder (as defined below) acting in the capacity of a beneficial owner who is not a tax resident of the Netherlands. This discussion deals only with Ordinary Shares held as capital assets and does not deal with the tax consequences applicable to all categories of investors, some of which (such as tax-exempt entities, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, dealers in securities/traders in securities that elect a mark-to-market method of accounting for securities holdings, insurance companies, investors owning directly, indirectly or constructively 10.0 percent or more of our outstanding voting shares, investors who hold Ordinary Shares as part of hedging or conversion transactions and investors whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar) may be subject to special rules. In addition, the discussion does not address any alternative minimum tax or any state, local, FIRPTA related United States federal income tax consequences, or non-United States tax consequences.

This discussion is based on the Tax Treaty and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended to the date hereof, final, temporary and proposed Treasury Department regulations promulgated, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, changes to any of which subsequent to the date hereof, possibly with retroactive effect, may affect the tax consequences described herein. In addition, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel with respect to the United States federal income tax consequences of acquiring or holding shares. Prospective purchasers of Ordinary Shares are advised to consult their tax advisers with respect to their particular circumstances and with respect to the effects of United States federal, state, local or non-United States tax laws to which they may be subject.

As used herein, the term ‘United States Holder’ means a beneficial owner of Ordinary Shares for United States federal income tax purposes whose holding of such Ordinary Shares does not form part of the business property or assets of a permanent establishment or fixed base in the Netherlands; who is fully entitled to the benefits of the Treaty in respect of such Ordinary Shares; and is:

 

An individual citizen or tax resident of the United States;

 

A corporation or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of any political subdivision thereof;

 

An estate of which the income is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

A trust whose administration is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions.

If an entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes owns ordinary shares, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend upon the status and tax residency of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partnership that owns Ordinary Shares and the partners in such partnership should consult their tax advisors about the United States federal income tax consequences of holding and disposing of the ordinary Shares.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations

We believe we were not a PFIC for US federal income tax purposes in 2012 and that it will not be a PFIC in 2013. However, as PFIC status is a factual matter that must be determined annually at the close of each taxable year, there can be no certainty as to our actual PFIC status in any particular year until the close of the taxable year in question. We have not conducted a detailed study at this time to confirm its non-PFIC status. If we were treated as a PFIC in any year during which a United States Holder owned common shares, certain adverse tax consequences could apply. Investors should consult their tax advisors with respect to any PFIC considerations.

Taxation of Dividends

United States Holders should generally include in gross income, as foreign-source dividend income the gross amount of any non-liquidating distribution (before reduction for Dutch withholding taxes) we makes out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) when the distribution is actually or constructively received by the United States Holder. Distributions will not be eligible for the dividends- received deduction generally allowed to United States corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations. The amount of the dividend distribution includible in income of a United States Holder should be the U.S. dollar value of the foreign currency (e.g. euros) paid, determined by the spot rate of exchange on the date of the distribution, regardless of whether the payment is in fact converted into U.S. dollars. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for United States federal income tax purposes, will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of the United States Holder’s US tax basis in the Ordinary Shares and thereafter as taxable capital gain. We presently do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles. If we do not report to a United States Holder the portion of a distribution that

 

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exceeds earnings and profits, the distribution will generally be taxable as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.

Subject to limitations provided in the United States Internal Revenue Code, a United States Holder may generally deduct from its United States federal taxable income, or credit against its United States federal income tax liability, the amount of qualified Dutch withholding taxes. However, Dutch withholding tax may be credited only if the United States Holder does not claim a deduction for any Dutch or other non-United States taxes paid or accrued in that year. In addition, Dutch dividend withholding taxes will likely not be creditable against the United States Holder’s United States tax liability to the extent we are not required to pay over the amount withheld to the Dutch Tax Administration. Currently, a Dutch corporation that receives dividends from qualifying non-Dutch subsidiaries may credit source country tax withheld from those dividends against Dutch withholding tax imposed on a dividend paid by a Dutch corporation, up to a maximum of 3.0 percent of the dividend paid by the Dutch corporation. The credit reduces the amount of dividend withholding that we are required to pay to the Dutch Tax Administration but does not reduce the amount of tax we are required to withhold from dividends.

For US foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid by us generally will be treated as foreign-source income and as ‘passive category income’ (or in the case of certain holders, as ‘general category income’). Gains or losses realized by a United States Holder on the sale or exchange of Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as US-source gain or loss. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex and we suggest that each United States Holder consult his or her own tax advisor to determine whether, and to what extent, a foreign tax credit will be available.

Dividends received by a United States Holder will generally be taxed at ordinary income tax rates. However, the Jobs and Growth Tax Reconciliation Act of 2003, as amended by the Tax Increase and Prevention Act of 2005 and the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 reduce to 15.0 percent the maximum tax rate for certain dividends received by individuals through taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2012, so long as certain exclusions do not apply and the stock has been held for at least 60 days during the 121- day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Dividends received from ‘qualified foreign corporations’ generally qualify for the reduced rate. A non-United States corporation (other than a PFIC) generally will be considered to be a qualified foreign corporation if: (i) the shares of the non-United States corporation are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States or (ii) the non-United States corporation is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States that has been identified as a qualifying treaty and contains an exchange of information program. Individual United States Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of this provision on their particular situations.

Dividends paid by us generally will constitute ‘portfolio income’ for purposes of the limitations on the use of passive activity losses (and, therefore, generally may not be offset by passive activity losses) and as ‘investment income’ for purposes of the limitation on the deduction of investment interest expense.

Taxation on Sale or Other Disposition of Ordinary Shares

Upon a sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares, a United States Holder will generally recognize capital gain or loss for United States federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between the amount realized, if paid in US dollars, or the U.S. dollar value of the amount realized (determined at the spot rate on the settlement date of the sale) if proceeds are paid in currency other than the U.S. dollar, as the case may be, and the United States Holder’s US tax basis (determined in U.S. dollars) in such Ordinary Shares. Generally, the capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holding period of the United States Holder in the Ordinary Shares exceeds one year at the time of the sale or other disposition. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations for United States federal income tax purposes. Gain or loss from the sale or other disposition of Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as United States source income or loss for United States foreign tax credit purposes. Generally, any gain or loss resulting from currency fluctuations during the period between the date of the sale of the Ordinary Shares and the date the sale proceeds are converted into U.S. dollars will be treated as ordinary income or loss from sources within the United States. Each United States Holder should consult his or her tax advisor with regard to the translation rules applicable when computing its adjusted US tax basis and the amount realized upon a sale or other disposition of its Ordinary Shares if purchased in, or sold or disposed of for, a currency other than U.S. dollar.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Information returns may be filed with the IRS in connection with payments on the Ordinary Shares or proceeds from a sale, redemption or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares. A ‘backup withholding’ tax may be applied to, and withheld from, these payments if the beneficial owner fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number to the paying agent and to comply with certain certification procedures or otherwise establish an exemption from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules might be refunded (or credited against the beneficial owner’s

 

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United States federal income tax liability, if any) depending on the facts and provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.

The discussion set out above is included for general information only and may not be applicable depending upon a holder’s particular situation. Holders should consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares including the tax consequences under state, local and other tax laws and the possible effects of changes in United States federal and other tax laws.

F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not applicable.

G. Statement by Experts

Not applicable.

H. Documents on Display

We are subject to certain reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. As a “foreign private issuer”, we are exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing certain disclosure and procedural requirements for proxy solicitations, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act, with respect to their purchases and sales of shares. In addition, we are not required to file reports and Financial Statements with the Commission as frequently or as promptly as companies that are not foreign private issuers whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we are required to file with the Commission, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, an Annual Report on Form 20- F containing Financial Statements audited by an independent accounting firm and interactive data comprising Financial Statements in extensible business reporting language. We publish unaudited interim financial information after the end of each quarter. We furnish this quarterly financial information to the Commission under cover of a Form 6-K.

Documents we file with the Commission are publicly available at its public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. The Commission also maintains a website that contains reports and other information regarding registrants that are required to file electronically with the Commission. The address of this website is http:// www.sec.gov. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference facilities.

I. Subsidiary Information

See Item 4.C. “Organizational Structure”.

Item 11 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to certain financial risks such as market risk (including foreign currency exchange risk and interest rate risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. Our overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potentially adverse effects on our financial performance. We use derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. None of our transactions are entered into for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that market information is the most reliable and transparent measure for our derivative financial instruments that are measured at fair value. To mitigate the risk that any of our counterparties in hedging transactions is unable to meets its obligations, we only enter into transactions with a limited number of major financial institutions that have good credit ratings and closely monitor the creditworthiness of our counterparties. Concentration risk is mitigated by limiting the exposure to a single counterparty. Our risk management program focuses appropriately on the current environment of uncertainty in the financial markets, especially in the euro-zone.

Foreign Currency Risk Management

Our sales are predominately denominated in euros. Exceptions may occur on a customer by customer basis. Our cost of sales and other expenses are mainly denominated in euros, to a certain extent in U.S. dollars and Japanese Yen and to a limited extent in other currencies. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risks.

It is our policy to hedge material transaction exposures, such as forecasted sales and purchase transactions, and material net remeasurement exposures, such as accounts receivable and payable. We hedge these exposures through the use of foreign exchange contracts. It is our policy not to hedge currency translation exposures resulting from net equity investments in foreign subsidiaries.

Details of the forward foreign exchange contracts and hedging activities are included in Note 4 to the Financial Statements.

 

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Interest Rate Risk Management

We have interest-bearing assets and liabilities that expose us to fluctuations in market interest rates. We use interest rate swaps to align the interest-typical terms of interest-bearing liabilities with the interest-typical terms of interest-bearing assets. There may be residual interest rate risk to the extent the asset and liability positions do not fully offset.

As part of our hedging policy, we use interest rate swaps to hedge changes in fair value of our Eurobonds due to changes in market interest rates, thereby offsetting the variability of future interest receipts on part of our cash and cash equivalents.

Furthermore, as part of our hedging policy, we use interest rate swaps to hedge the variability of future interest cash flows relating to certain of our operating lease obligations.

Details of the interest rate swaps and hedging activities are included in Note 4 to the Financial Statements.

Financial Instruments

We use foreign exchange contracts to manage our foreign currency risk and interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate risk. The following table summarizes the notional amounts and estimated fair values of our derivative financial instruments:

 

     

 

2013

             2012          

As of December 31

(in thousands)

         Notional
      amount
EUR
           Fair Value
EUR
           Notional
amount
EUR
           Fair Value
EUR
 

Forward foreign exchange contracts1

     986,986         8,583         262,146         16,805   

Interest rate swaps2

 

     1,013,053         51,385         624,900         124,050   

 

 

1 Relates to forward contracts assigned as a hedge to forecasted sales and purchase transactions and to monetary assets and liabilities, mainly in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen.
2 Relates to interest rate swaps assigned as a hedge to interest bearing assets and liabilities, mainly related to our Eurobonds. The fair value of the interest rate swaps includes accrued interest. The increase in notional amount is mainly explained by the net increase in our Eurobonds which serve as hedged items. The net decrease in fair value is mainly explained by the unwinding of part of the Interest rate swaps relating to our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes. See note 15 to the Financial Statements.

The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts (used for hedging purposes) approximates the Net Present Value technique, which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the forward foreign exchange contracts at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates and current exchange rates.

The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps (used for hedging purposes) is the Net Present Value technique, which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the swap agreements at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates.

Sensitivity Analysis Financial Instruments

Foreign Currency Sensitivity

We are mainly exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates between the euro and the U.S. dollar and the euro and the Japanese Yen. The following table details our sensitivity to a 10.0 percent strengthening of foreign currencies against the euro. The sensitivity analysis includes foreign currency denominated monetary items outstanding and adjusts their translation at the period end for a 10.0 percent strengthening in foreign currency rates. A positive amount indicates an increase in income before income taxes or OCI, as shown.

 

     

 

2013

             2012          
(in thousands)   

Impact on
income
before income
taxes

EUR

     Impact on OCI
EUR
    

Impact on
income before
income

taxes

EUR

     Impact on OCI
EUR
 

U.S. dollar

     (15,801)         21,059         (5,646)         13,669   

Japanese yen

     183         913         465         (3,218)   

Taiwanese dollar

     (7,692)         -         (4,956)         -   

Other currencies

     (9,281)         -         (2,718)         -   

Total

 

     (32,591)         21,972         (12,855)         10,451   

It is our policy to limit the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The increased effect on income before income taxes in 2013 compared with 2012 reflects our higher net exposure at year end. The negative effect on income before income taxes as presented in the table above for 2013 is mainly attributable to timing differences between the arising and hedging of exposures.

 

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The effects of the fair value movements of cash flow hedges, entered into for U.S. dollar and Japanese yen transactions are recognized in OCI. The increased U.S. dollar and Japanese yen effect on OCI in 2013 compared with 2012 is the result of an increase in outstanding purchase hedges.

For a 10.0 percent weakening of the foreign currencies against the euro, there would be approximately an equal but opposite effect on the income before income taxes and OCI.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rates for both derivative financial and non-derivative financial instruments at the balance sheet date with the stipulated change taking place at the beginning of the financial year and held constant throughout the reporting period. The table below shows the effect of a 1.0 percentage point increase in interest rates on our income before income taxes and OCI. A positive amount indicates an increase in income before income taxes and OCI.

 

     

 

2013

             2012          
(in thousands)   

Impact on
income
before income
taxes

EUR

    

Impact on
OCI

EUR

    

Impact on
income before
income

taxes

EUR

    

Impact on

OCI

EUR

 

Effect of a 1.0 percent point increase in interest rates

     19,969         1,183         20,706         1,488   
                                     

The positive effect on income before income taxes mainly relates to our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments. The positive effect on OCI, is mainly attributable to the fair value movements of the interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges.

For a 1.0 percentage point decrease in interest rates there would be a lower opposite effect on income before income taxes and OCI due to the current interest rates.

See notes 4 and 5 to our Financial Statements for more information on our Financial Risk Management including Credit Risk Management.

Item 12 Description of Securities Other Than Equity Securities

Not applicable.

 

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Part II

Item 13 Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies

None.

Item 14 Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 15 Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of December 31, 2013, ASML’s senior management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of ASML’s CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Based on such evaluation, ASML’s CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, ASML’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in recording, processing, summarizing and reporting, on a timely basis, information required to be disclosed by ASML in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act and are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by ASML is accumulated and communicated to ASML’s management, including ASML’s CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

ASML’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act. Under the supervision and with the participation of ASML’s CEO and CFO, ASML’s management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of ASML’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 based upon the framework in “Internal Control – Integrated Framework” (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that ASML’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013 at providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Financial Statements for external purposes in conformity with US GAAP.

Deloitte Accountants B.V., an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Financial Statements included in Item 18 “Financial Statements” and, as part of the audit, has issued a report, included herein, on the effectiveness of ASML’s internal control over financial reporting.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

During the year ended December 31, 2013 there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations of Disclosure Controls and Procedures in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

It should be noted that any system of controls, however well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, and not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the system will be met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events.

 

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Item 16

A. Audit Committee Financial Expert

Our Supervisory Board has determined that effective March 18, 2004, Mr. Fritz Fröhlich, an independent member of the Supervisory Board, qualifies as the Audit Committee Financial Expert. See also Item 6.A. “Directors and Senior Management” and Item 6.C. “Practices”.

B. Code of Ethics

Code of Conduct

We strive to do business on the basis of fairness, good faith and integrity. Our Code of Conduct, which amongst others applies to all our employees sets out our ethical position on topics such as:

 

Respect for the different cultural identities of our employees, stakeholders and customers;

 

Zero tolerance of any form of discrimination or harassment;

 

Promoting honest, ethical and transparent conduct, including in the handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and professional relationships;

 

Conducting our business in good faith and with integrity; and

 

Complying with all applicable laws and regulations.

The complete Code of Conduct can be found in the corporate governance section of our corporate website.

Business Principles

The Code of Conduct has been translated into an internal set of practical Business Principles which contain rules for day-to-day operations for employees. These Business Principles focus on five areas:

 

Show respect for people and the planet;

 

Operate with integrity;

 

Preserve intellectual Property and other assets;

 

Manage exposures by following processes; and

 

Adhere to our Business Principles and applicable laws.

Code of Conduct Complaints

We encourage our employees to discuss or report any behavior that may violate our Code of Conduct. ASML has a procedure for reporting issues breaching the Code of Conduct including complaints of a financial nature (Whistleblower’s policy). We encourage our employees to speak up and feel free to raise ethical issues without the fear of retaliation. For those who feel more comfortable speaking up anonymously, there is an external hotline (phone and webmail). The reporting procedures for Code of Conduct violations can be found in the corporate governance section of our corporate website.

C. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

Deloitte Accountants B.V. has served as our independent registered public accounting firm for the years ending December 31, 2013 and 2012. The following table sets out the aggregate fees for professional audit services and other services rendered by Deloitte Accountants B.V. and its member firms and/or affiliates in 2013 and 2012:

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

 

2013

Deloitte

 Accountants

B.V.

EUR

    

Deloitte

 Network

EUR

    

 Total

EUR

    

2012

Deloitte

 Accountants

B.V.

EUR

    

Deloitte

 Network

EUR

    

 Total

EUR

 

 

 

Audit fees in relation to annual reports

     1,559         -         1,559         1,002         -         1,002   

Other audit fees

     -         364         364         -         352         352   

Audit-related fees

     120         -         120         149         -         149   

Tax fees

     -         347         347         -         353         353   

Other

     -         -         -         -         247         247   

 

 
                 

Principal accountant fees and services

     1,679         711         2,390         1,151         952         2,103   

 

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Audit Fees and Other Audit Fees

Audit fees primarily relate to the audit of our Financial Statements as set out in our Annual Report, our Statutory Annual Report, agreed upon procedures on our quarterly financial results and services related to statutory and regulatory filings of ASML and its subsidiaries.

Audit-related Fees

Audit-related fees mainly related to various audit services not related to our Financial Statements.

Tax Fees

Tax fees can be detailed as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

              2013
EUR
                2012
EUR
 

 

 

Corporate Income Tax compliance services

     186         123   

Tax assistance for expatriate employees

     2         79   

Other tax advisory and compliance

     159         151   

 

 

Tax fees

     347         353   
                   

The Audit Committee has approved the external audit plan and related audit fees for the year 2013.

The Audit Committee will monitor compliance with the Dutch rules on non-audit services provided by our independent registered public accounting firm, which outlines strict separation of audit and advisory services for Dutch public interest entities. Furthermore, we will start our audit proposal process (mandatory firm rotation, not applicable to financial years before January 1, 2016) in 2014.

D. Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees

Not applicable.

E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

In addition to dividend payments, we intend to return cash to our shareholders on a regular basis through share buybacks or capital repayment, subject to our actual and anticipated level of liquidity requirements, our current share price, other market conditions and other relevant factors.

On April 17, 2013, we announced our intention to purchase up to an amount of EUR 1.0 billion of our own shares within the 2013-2014 timeframe, starting April 18, 2013. Up to December 31, 2013, we had purchased 4,614,179 of our shares at an average price of EUR 65.02 per share. The shares purchased are intended to be cancelled in 2014.

The following tables provide a summary of shares repurchased by ASML in 2013 and a historic overview of previous share buyback programs, respectively:

 

Period   

Total
number

of shares
purchased

    

Average
price paid
per Share

(EUR)

    

 

Total number
of shares
purchased as

part of

publicly

announced plans

or programs

    

Maximum

value

of shares

that may yet

be purchased

under the program

(EUR)

 

 

 

April 18 - 30, 2013

     297,500         55.35         297,500         983,534,770   

May 2 - 31, 2013

     389,974         61.76         687,474         959,449,401   

June 1 - 30, 2013

     749,434         60.39         1,436,908         914,192,630   

July 1 - 31, 2013

     321,486         65.20         1,758,394         893,232,250   

August 1 - 31, 2013

     283,097         67.83         2,041,491         874,028,834   

September 1 - 30, 2013

     179,146         69.06         2,220,637         861,656,533   

October 3 - 31, 2013

     556,443         69.34         2,777,080         823,072,791   

November 1 - 30, 2013

     962,146         66.76         3,739,226         758,841,727   

December 1 - 31, 2013

     874,953         67.25         4,614,179         700,000,036   

Total

     4,614,179         65.02         
                                     

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    61   


Table of Contents
Period    Year     

Total

amount

paid

   (in EUR millions)

    

Total

Number

of Shares
   Purchased

    

Average

   Price Paid

per Share

(EUR)

    

 

Reduction

of Shares

Outstanding
   vs Beginning

of Year

(Percentage)

 

 

 

Share Buybacks

     2006         677.2         40,385,139         16.77         8.3   

Synthetic Share Buyback

     2007         1,011.9         55,093,409         18.37         11.5   

Share Buybacks

     2007         359.8         17,000,000         21.16         3.6   

Share Buybacks

     2008         87.6         5,000,000         17.52         1.1   

Share Buybacks

     2011         700.0         25,674,576         27.26         5.9   

Synthetic Share Buyback

     2012         3,728.3         93,411,216         39.91         22.6   

Share Buybacks

     2012         535.2         13,478,058         39.71         3.3   

Share Buybacks

     2013         300.0         4,614,179         65.02         1.1   

 

 

Total / Average1

        3,671.7         161,245,361         22.77         33.3   
                                              

 

1 Totals, average and percentage are excluding the synthetic share buyback executed in 2012 as part of our CCIP. The percentage represents the reduction of shares outstanding compared to January 1, 2006.

F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

Not applicable.

G. Corporate Governance

NASDAQ rules provide that foreign private issuers may follow home country practice in lieu of the NASDAQ corporate governance standards subject to certain exceptions and except to the extent that such exemptions would be contrary to US federal securities laws. The practices followed by ASML in lieu of NASDAQ rules are described below:

 

 

ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s quorum requirements applicable to meetings of ordinary shareholders. In accordance with Dutch law and Dutch generally accepted business practice, ASML’s Articles of Association provide that there are no quorum requirements generally applicable to General Meetings of Shareholders.

 

 

ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirements regarding the provision of proxy statements for General Meetings of Shareholders. Dutch law does not have a regulatory regime for the solicitation of proxies: the solicitation of proxies is not a generally accepted business practice in the Netherlands. ASML does provide shareholders with an agenda and other relevant documents for the General Meeting of Shareholders.

 

 

Dutch law requires that ASML’s external auditors be appointed by the AGM and not by the Audit Committee as contemplated by NASDAQ rules.

 

 

ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirement regarding distribution to shareholders of copies of an Annual Report containing audited Financial Statements prior to our AGM. The distribution of Annual Reports to shareholders is not required under Dutch corporate law or Dutch securities laws, or by NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. Furthermore, it is generally accepted business practice for Dutch companies not to distribute Annual Reports. In part, this is because the Dutch system of bearer shares has made it impractical to keep a current list of holders of the bearer shares in order to distribute the Annual Reports. Instead, we make our Annual Report available at our corporate head office in the Netherlands (and at the offices of our Dutch listing agent as stated in the convening notice for the meeting) approximately two weeks prior to convocation of the AGM. In addition, we post a copy of our Annual Report on our website prior to the AGM.

 

 

ASML does not follow NASDAQ’s requirement to obtain shareholder approval of stock option or purchase plans or other equity compensation arrangements available to officers, directors or employees. It is not required under Dutch law or generally accepted practice for Dutch companies to obtain shareholder approval of equity compensation arrangements available to officers, directors or employees. The AGM adopts the remuneration policy for the Board of Management, approves equity compensation arrangements for the Board of Management and approves the remuneration for the Supervisory Board. The actual total remuneration (including equity compensation) for individual members of the Board of Management is determined by the Supervisory Board. Equity compensation arrangements for employees are adopted by the Board of Management within limits approved by the AGM.

H. Mine Safety Disclosure

Not applicable.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    62   


Table of Contents

Part III

Item 17 Financial Statements

Not applicable.

Item 18 Financial Statements

In response to this item, we incorporate herein by reference our Financial Statements set out on pages F-2 through F-54 hereto.

Item 19 Exhibits

 

 

    Exhibit No.

     Description

    1

     Articles of Association of ASML Holding N.V. (English translation) (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s, Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A, filed with the SEC on February 8, 2013)

    4.1

     Agreement between ASM Lithography B.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated March 17, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000)1

    4.2

     Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated October 24, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)1

    4.3

     Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)

    4.4

     Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Supervisory Board (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)

    4.5

     Form of Employment Agreement for members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)

    4.6

     Nikon-ASML Patent Cross-License Agreement, dated December 10, 2004, between ASML Holding N.V. and Nikon Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004)1

    4.7

     ASML/Zeiss Sublicense Agreement, 2004, dated December 10, 2004, between Carl Zeiss SMT AG and ASML Holding N.V. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004)1

    4.8

     ASML New Hires and Incentive Stock Option Plan For Management (Version 2003) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Statement on Form S-8, filed with the SEC on September 2, 2003 (File No. 333-109154))

    4.9

     ASML Incentive and New Hire Option Plan for Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the SEC on June 9, 2004 (File No. 333-116337))

    4.10

     ASML Option Plan for Management of ASML Holding Group Companies (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on June 30, 2005 (file No. 333-126340))

    4.11

     ASML Stock Option Plan for New Hire Options granted to Members of the Board of Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))

    4.12

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))

    4.13

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))

    4.14

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))

    4.15

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version January 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.16

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.17

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.18

     ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.19

     ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.20

     ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))

    4.21

     ASML Stock Option Plan from Base Salary for Senior & Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on November 2, 2007 (file No. 333-147128))

    4.22

     ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))

    4.23

     ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    63   


Table of Contents

 

    Exhibit No.

     Description
      4.24       ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
      4.25       ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
      4.26       ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the SEC on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
      4.27       Investment Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)
      4.28       450mm NRE Funding Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)1
      4.29       EUV NRE Funding Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)1
      4.30       Shareholder Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Intel Holdings B.V., Intel Corporation and Stichting Administratiekantoor MAKTSJAB dated September 12, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)
      4.31       Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among ASML Holding N.V., Kona Acquisition Company, Inc. Cymer, Inc. and certain other parties set forth therein, date October 16, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 filed with the SEC on November 21, 2012 (file No. 333-185120))
      8.1       List of Main Subsidiaries2
    12.1       Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 19342
    13.1       Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 20022
    15.1       Consent of Deloitte Accountants B.V.2
  101.INS       XBRL Instance Document2
  101.SCH       XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document2
  101.CAL       XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document2
  101.DEF       XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document2
  101.LAB       XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document2
  101.PRE       XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document2
          

1 Certain information omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed separately with the SEC.

2 Filed at the SEC herewith.

ASML is party to two debt instruments under which the total amount of securities under each debt instrument does not exceed 10 percent of the total assets of ASML and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. Pursuant to paragraph 2(b)(i) of the instructions to the exhibits to Form 20-F, ASML agrees to furnish a copy of such instruments to the Commission upon request.

ASML Holding N.V. hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.

 

ASML Holding N.V. (Registrant)
/s/ Peter T.F.M. Wennink
Peter T.F.M. Wennink
President, CEO and member of the Board of Management
Dated: February 11, 2014
/s/ Wolfgang U. Nickl
Wolfgang U. Nickl
Executive Vice President and CFO
Dated: February 11, 2014

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    64   


Table of Contents

LOGO

 

Financial Statements


Table of Contents


Table of Contents

Index to Financial Statements

 

F-2   

Consolidated Statements of Operations

F-3   

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

F-4   

Consolidated Balance Sheets

F-5   

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

F-6   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

F-7   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

F-54   

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-1   


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

Notes   

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands, except per share data)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012  

EUR  

    

2011

EUR

 

 

 
21   

Net system sales

           3,993,129               3,801,632                 4,883,913   
  

Net service and field option sales

     1,252,197         929,923           767,122   

 

 
21   

Total net sales

     5,245,326         4,731,555           5,651,035   
  

Cost of system sales

     (2,233,621)         (2,198,921)           (2,793,931)   
  

Cost of service and field option sales

     (834,443)         (527,377)           (407,714)   

 

 
22   

Total cost of sales

     (3,068,064)         (2,726,298)           (3,201,645)   

 

 
  

Gross profit

     2,177,262         2,005,257           2,449,390   
28   

Other income

     64,456         -           -   
22, 23   

Research and development costs

     (882,029)         (589,182)           (590,270)   
22   

Selling, general and administrative costs

     (311,741)         (259,301)           (217,904)   

 

 
  

Income from operations

     1,047,948         1,156,774           1,641,216   
24   

Interest and other, net

     (24,471)         (6,196)           7,419   

 

 
  

Income before income taxes

     1,023,477         1,150,578           1,648,635   
20   

Provision for income taxes

     (7,987)         (4,262)           (181,675)   

 

 
  

Net income

     1,015,490         1,146,316           1,466,960   

1

  

Basic net income per ordinary share

     2.36         2.70           3.45   

1

  

Diluted net income per ordinary share1

     2.34         2.68           3.42   
  

Number of ordinary shares used in computing per share amounts (in thousands)

        

1

  

Basic

     429,770         424,096           425,618   

1

  

Diluted1

     433,446         426,986           429,053   
                                 

 

1 The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under our stock option plans and the issuance of shares under our share plans for periods in which exercises or issuances would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share does not assume exercise of such options or issuance of shares when such exercises or issuance would be anti-dilutive.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-2   


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

 

Notes   

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012  

EUR  

    

2011

EUR

 

 

 
  

Net income

           1,015,490         1,146,316           1,466,960   
  

Other comprehensive income:

        
  

Foreign currency translation, net of taxes:

        
4   

Gain (loss) on foreign currency translation

     (113,779)         8,063           (17,473)   
  

Financial instruments, net of taxes:

        
4   

Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments

     (5,370)         214           (4,610)   
4   

Transfers to net income

     (2,276)         (7,761)           51,963   

 

 
  

Other comprehensive income, net of taxes

     (121,425)         516           29,880   
  

Total comprehensive income, net of taxes

     894,065         1,146,832           1,496,840   
  

Attributable to equity holders

     894,065               1,146,832                 1,496,840   
                                 

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-3   


Table of Contents

Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

Notes   

 

As of December 31

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 
  

Assets

     
5   

Cash and cash equivalents

             2,330,694                 1,767,596   
5   

Short-term investments

     679,884         930,005   
6   

Accounts receivable, net

     878,321         605,288   
7   

Finance receivables, net

     250,472         265,167   
20   

Current tax assets

     32,333         57,116   
8   

Inventories, net

     2,393,022         1,856,970   
20   

Deferred tax assets

     124,431         103,695   
9   

Other assets

     336,421         246,005   

 

 
  

Total current assets

     7,025,578         5,831,842   
7   

Finance receivables, net

     46,017         38,621   
20   

Deferred tax assets

     139,513         39,443   
9   

Other assets

     298,559         311,538   
10   

Goodwill

     2,088,589         149,168   
11   

Other intangible assets, net

     697,634         9,943   
12   

Property, plant and equipment, net

     1,217,840         1,029,923   

 

 
  

Total non-current assets

     4,488,152         1,578,636   
  

Total assets

     11,513,730         7,410,478   
  

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

     
  

Accounts payable

     625,870         188,961   
13   

Accrued and other liabilities

     2,216,882         1,880,370   
20   

Current tax liabilities

     15,803         10,791   
15   

Current portion of long-term debt

     4,385         3,610   
14   

Provisions

     2,227         2,280   
20   

Deferred and other tax liabilities

     3,494         271   

 

 
  

Total current liabilities

     2,868,661         2,086,283   
15   

Long-term debt

     1,070,185         755,880   
20   

Deferred and other tax liabilities

     364,695         88,307   
14   

Provisions

     4,620         7,974   
13   

Accrued and other liabilities

     283,142         405,141   

 

 
  

Total non-current liabilities

     1,722,642         1,257,302   
  

Total liabilities

     4,591,303         3,343,585   
17, 19   

Commitments and contingencies

     -         -   
  

Cumulative Preference Shares; EUR 0.09 nominal value;

700,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2013 and 2012;

none issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012;

     -         -   
  

Ordinary Shares B; EUR 0.01 nominal value;

9,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2013 and 2012;

none issued and outstanding per December 31, 2013 and 2012;

     -         -   
  

Ordinary Shares; EUR 0.09 nominal value;

699,999,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2013;

440,852,334 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2013;

699,999,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2012;

407,165,221 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2012;

     
  

Issued and outstanding shares

     40,092         37,470   
  

Share premium

     2,912,862         483,651   
  

Treasury shares at cost

     (364,702)         (464,574)   
  

Retained earnings

     4,376,613         3,931,359   
  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     (42,438)         78,987   

 

 
26   

Total shareholders’ equity

     6,922,427         4,066,893   
  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

     11,513,730         7,410,478   
                        

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-4   


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity

 

           

 

Issued and
Outstanding

Shares

             Treasury             

Accumulated

OCI

EUR

        
Notes    (in thousands)   

Number1

 

    

Amount

EUR

    

Share

Premium

EUR

    

Shares

at cost

EUR

    

Retained

Earnings

EUR

      

Total

EUR

 

 

 
   Balance at January 1, 2011      436,593         39,293         471,253         (151,672)         2,366,443         48,591        2,773,908   
  

Components of comprehensive

income:

                   
   Net income      -         -         -         -         1,466,960         -        1,466,960   

4

  

Foreign Currency Translation, net of

taxes

     -         -         -         -         -         (17,473)        (17,473)   

4

  

Gain on financial instruments, net of

taxes

     -         -         -         -         -         47,353        47,353   
   Total comprehensive income      -         -         -         -         1,466,960         29,880        1,496,840   

26, 27

   Purchase of treasury shares      (25,675)         -         -         (700,452)         -         -        (700,452)   

26, 27

   Cancellation of treasury shares      -         (1,187)         -         373,801         (372,614)         -        -   

18, 22

   Share-based payments      -         -         12,430         -         -         -        12,430   

18

   Issuance of shares      2,751         248         (10,629)         61,906         (17,441)         -        34,084   

26

   Dividend paid      -         -         -         -         (172,645)         -        (172,645)   

18, 20

  

Tax deficit from share-based

payments

     -         -         (11)         -         -         -        (11)   

 

 
   Balance at December 31, 2011      413,669         38,354         473,043         (416,417)         3,270,703         78,471  2      3,444,154   
  

Components of comprehensive

income:

                   
   Net income      -         -         -         -         1,146,316         -        1,146,316   

4

   Foreign Currency Translation      -         -         -         -         -         8,063        8,063   

4

  

Loss on financial instruments, net of

taxes

     -         -         -         -         -         (7,547)        (7,547)   
   Total comprehensive income      -         -         -         -         1,146,316         516        1,146,832   
   CCIP:                    

26, 28

   Issuance of shares      96,566         8,691         3,968,677         -         -         -        3,977,368   

26, 28

   Fair value differences3      -         -         (123,416)         -         -         -        (123,416)   

26, 28

   Capital repayment4      (93,411)         (8,691)         (3,845,261)         125,628         -         -        (3,728,324)   

26, 27

   Purchase of treasury shares      (13,478)         (198)         -         (535,175)         -         -        (535,373)   

26, 27

   Cancellation of treasury shares      -         (1,030)         -         294,752         (293,722)         -        -   

18, 22

   Share-based payments      -         -         18,714         -         -         -        18,714   

18

   Issuance of shares      3,819         344         (10,222)         66,638         (3,046)         -        53,714   

26

   Dividend paid      -         -         -         -         (188,892)         -        (188,892)   

18, 20

  

Tax benefit from share-based

payments

     -         -         2,116         -         -         -        2,116   

 

 
   Balance at December 31, 2012      407,165         37,470         483,651         (464,574)         3,931,359         78,987  2      4,066,893   
  

Components of comprehensive

income:

                   
   Net income      -         -         -         -         1,015,490         -        1,015,490   

4

   Foreign Currency Translation      -         -         -         -         -         (113,779)        (113,779)   

4

  

Loss on financial instruments, net of

taxes

     -         -         -         -         -         (7,646)        (7,646)   
   Total comprehensive income      -         -         -         -         1,015,490         (121,425)        894,065   
   CCIP:                    

26, 28

   Fair value differences5      -         -         20,956         -         -         -        20,956   

26, 27

   Purchase of treasury shares      (4,614)         -         -         (300,000)         -         -        (300,000)   

26, 27

   Cancellation of treasury shares      -         (854)         -         349,261         (348,407)         -        -   

18, 22

   Share-based payments6      -         -         95,895         -         -         -        95,895   

18

   Issuance of shares7      38,301         3,476         2,309,250         50,611         (5,744)         -        2,357,593   

26

   Dividend paid      -         -         -         -         (216,085)         -        (216,085)   

18, 20

   Tax benefit from share-based payments      -         -         3,110         -         -         -        3,110   

 

 
   Balance at December 31, 2013      440,852         40,092         2,912,862         (364,702)         4,376,613         (42,438)  2      6,922,427   
                                                                    

 

1 As of December 31, 2013, the number of issued shares was 446,822,452. This includes the number of issued and outstanding shares of 440,852,334 and the number of treasury shares of 5,970,118. As of December 31, 2012, the number of issued shares was 419,852,467. This includes the number of issued and outstanding shares of 407,165,221 and the number of treasury shares of 12,687,246.
2 As of December 31, 2013, accumulated OCI, net of taxes, consists of EUR 30.2 million relating to foreign currency translation loss (2012: EUR 83.5 million; 2011: EUR 75.5 million) and EUR 12.2 million relating to unrealized losses on financial instruments (2012: EUR 4.5 million losses; 2011: EUR 3.0 million gains).
3 The difference between the fair value of the shares and the subscription price of the shares issued to the Participating Customers in the CCIP.
4 In 2012, as part of the capital repayment, EUR 3,728.3 million of shareholders’ equity was returned to our shareholders (excluding Participating Customers in the CCIP) and the number of shares was reduced by 23 percent. See Note 26.
5 EUR 21.0 million is recognized to increase equity to the fair value of the shares issued to the Participating Customers in the CCIP. The portion of the NRE funding allocable to the shares is recognized over the NRE Funding Agreements period (2013-2017).
6 Share-based payments include an amount of EUR 43.5 million in relation to the fair value compensation of unvested equity awards exchanged as part of acquisition of Cymer.
7 Issuance of shares includes 36,464,576 ordinary shares issued in relation to the acquisition of Cymer for a total fair value of EUR 2,346.7 million. The difference of EUR 1.0 million with the fair value of shares as disclosed in Note 2 is explained by 14,533 shares still to be issued to former Cymer shareholders.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-5   


Table of Contents

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

Notes   

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

   

2012

EUR

   

2011

EUR

 

 

 
   Cash Flows from Operating Activities       
   Net income      1,015,490        1,146,316        1,466,960   
  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net

cash flows from operating activities:

      

11, 12

   Depreciation and amortization      228,775        186,620        165,185   

10, 11, 12

   Impairment      13,057        3,234        12,272   

12

   Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment1      2,823        2,272        3,368   

18

   Share-based payments      52,371        18,714        12,430   

6

   Allowance for doubtful receivables      1,062        458        849   

8

   Allowance for obsolete inventory      164,852        130,911        60,300   

20

   Deferred income taxes      (22,658)        (72,374)        63,250   
   Changes in assets and liabilities:       

6

   Accounts receivable      (192,149)        246,982        267,209   

7

   Finance receivables      9,277        (225,103)        (37,301)   

8

   Inventories1      (518,121)        (352,716)        (276,243)   

9

   Other assets      (32,941)        19,117        (58,292)   

13, 14

   Accrued and other liabilities      (57,282)        (147,691)        589,217   
   Accounts payable      321,486        (225,083)        (126,234)   

20

   Current income taxes      68,131        (28,179)        (72,530)   

 

 
   Net cash provided by operating activities      1,054,173        703,478        2,070,440   
   Cash Flows from Investing Activities       

12

   Purchase of property, plant and equipment1      (210,804)        (171,878)        (300,898)   

11

   Purchase of intangible assets      (4,000)        (7,658)        -   

5

   Purchase of available for sale securities      (904,856)        (1,379,997)        -   

5

   Maturity of available for sale securities      1,195,031        449,992        -   
   Acquisition of subsidiaries (net of cash acquired)      (443,712)  2      (10,292)        -   

 

 
   Net cash used in investing activities      (368,341)        (1,119,833)        (300,898)   
   Cash Flows from Financing Activities       

26

   Dividend paid      (216,085)        (188,892)        (172,645)   

26, 27

   Purchase of shares      (300,000)        (535,373)        (700,452)   
   Net proceeds from issuance of shares      31,822        3,907,666  3      34,084   
   Net proceeds from issuance of notes      740,445  4      -        -   
   Repurchase of notes      (368,303)  5      -        -   

26

   Capital Repayment      -        (3,728,324)  6      -   
   Deposits from customers      -        -        (150,000)   

15

   Repayment of debt      (4,100)        (2,776)        (2,537)   

18, 20

   Tax benefit (deficit) from share-based payments      3,110        2,116        (11)   

 

 
   Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities      (113,111)        (545,583)        (991,561)   
   Net cash flows      572,721        (961,938)        777,981   
   Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash      (9,623)        (2,248)        3,967   

 

 
   Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents      563,098        (964,186)        781,948   

5

   Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year      1,767,596        2,731,782        1,949,834   

 

 

5

   Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year      2,330,694        1,767,596        2,731,782   
   Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information:       
   Interest paid      (50,535)        (37,906)        (35,919)   
   Income taxes paid      (2,278)        (109,504)        (202,312)   
                               

 

1 An amount of EUR 115.9 million (2012: EUR 204.8 million, 2011: EUR 300.5 million) of the additions in property, plant and equipment relates to non-cash transfers from inventory, an amount of EUR 12.5 million (2012: EUR 9.6 million, 2011: EUR 17.7 million) relates to other non-cash movements (mainly investments not yet paid and inceptions of finance lease arrangements) and an amount of EUR 48.2 million (2012: EUR 222.9 million, 2011: EUR 145.3 million) of the disposal of property, plant and equipment relates to non-cash transfers to inventory. Since the transfers between inventory and property, plant and equipment are non-cash events, these are not reflected in these Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. For further details see Note 12.
2 In addition to the cash paid in relation to the acquisition of Cymer, we issued 36,464,576 shares for an amount of EUR 2,346.7 million (non-cash event) as part of the consideration paid.
3 The net proceeds from issuance of shares includes an amount of EUR 3,853.9 million related to the share issuances in connection to the CCIP.
4 Net proceeds from issuance of notes relate to the total cash proceeds of EUR 740.4 million (net of incurred transaction costs) from the offering of our EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023.
5 Repurchase of notes relates to the net cash outflows of EUR 368.3 million for the partial repurchase of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 including the partial unwinding of the related interest rate swaps.
6 The difference of EUR 125.6 million between the capital repayment of EUR 3,728.3 million and the net proceeds from issuance of shares of EUR 3,853.9 million relates to the capital repayment on ASML’s treasury shares which was also part of the Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-6   


Table of Contents

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

1. General Information / Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

ASML, with its corporate headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, is engaged in the development, production, marketing, selling and servicing of advanced semiconductor equipment systems, exclusively consisting of lithography systems. ASML’s principal operations are in the Netherlands, the United States of America and Asia.

Our shares are listed for trading in the form of registered shares on NASDAQ and on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam. The principal trading market of our ordinary shares is NYSE Euronext Amsterdam.

Basis of Preparation

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are stated in thousands of EUR unless indicated otherwise.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with US GAAP.

On May 30, 2013 we acquired 100 percent of the issued share capital of Cymer. Comparative financial information presented in the Consolidated Financial Statements does not include Cymer, unless stated otherwise.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of ASML’s Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities on the balance sheet dates, and the reported amounts of sales and costs during the reported periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the Financial Statements of ASML Holding N.V. and all of its subsidiaries and the VIE of which ASML is the primary beneficiary. All intercompany profits, balances and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation.

Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are all entities over which ASML has the power to govern financial and operating policies generally accompanying a shareholding of more than half of the voting rights. As from the date that these criteria are met, the financial data of the relevant subsidiaries are included in the consolidation.

Business Combinations

Acquisitions of subsidiaries are included on the basis of the acquisition method. The cost of acquisition is measured based on the consideration transferred at fair value, the fair value of identifiable assets distributed and the fair value of liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date (i.e. the date at which we obtain control). The excess of the costs of an acquired subsidiary over the net of the amounts assigned to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed, is capitalized as goodwill. Acquisition-related costs are expensed when incurred in the period they arise or the service is received.

Variable Interest Entities

We assess whether we have a controlling financial interest in any VIE and, thus, whether we are the VIE’s primary beneficiary. ASML shall be deemed to have a controlling financial interest in a VIE if it has both of the following characteristics: a) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and b) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. If ASML has a controlling financial interest in a VIE, it is required to consolidate the VIE.

Foreign Currency translation

The financial information for subsidiaries outside the euro-zone is generally measured using local currencies as the functional currency. The Financial Statements of those foreign subsidiaries are translated into euros in the preparation of ASML’s consolidated financial statements. Assets and liabilities are translated into euros at the exchange rate in effect on the respective balance sheet dates. Income and costs are translated into euros based on the average exchange rate for the corresponding period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly in shareholders’ equity.

 

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Table of Contents

Derivative Financial Instruments

We principally use derivative hedging instruments for the management of foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. We measure all derivative hedging instruments based on fair values derived from market prices of the instruments. We adopt hedge accounting for hedges that are highly effective in offsetting the identified hedged risks taking into account required effectiveness criteria.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at their fair value. The method of recognizing the resulting gain or loss depends on whether the derivative is designated as a hedging instrument, and if so, the nature of the item being hedged. We designate certain derivatives as either:

 

A hedge of the exposure to changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability, or of an unrecognized firm commitment, that are attributable to a particular risk (fair value hedge); or

 

A hedge of the exposure to variability in the cash flows of a recognized asset or liability, or of a forecasted transaction, that is attributable to a particular risk (cash flow hedge).

We document at the inception of the transaction the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as our risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedging transactions. We also document our assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of hedged items.

Fair Value Hedge

Changes in the fair value of a derivative financial instrument, that is designated and qualified as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged asset or liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when we revoke the hedging relationship, the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, or no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortized to the Consolidated Statements of Operations from that date.

Interest rate swaps that are being used to hedge the fair value of fixed loan coupons payable are designated as fair value hedges. The change in fair value is intended to offset the change in the fair value of the underlying fixed loan coupons, which is recorded accordingly. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps hedging fixed loan coupons payable is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as “interest and other, net”.

Cash Flow Hedge

Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualified as a cash flow hedge are recorded in OCI, net of taxes, until the underlying hedged transaction is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In the event that the underlying hedge transaction will not occur within the specified time period, the gain or loss on the related cash flow hedge is released from OCI and included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, unless, extenuating circumstances exist that are related to the nature of the forecasted transaction and are outside our control or influence and which cause the forecasted transaction to be probable of occurring on a date that is beyond the specified time period.

Foreign currency hedging instruments that are being used to hedge cash flows related to forecasted sales or purchase transactions in non-functional currencies are designated as cash flow hedges. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of the foreign currency hedging instruments is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in “net sales” or “cost of sales”.

Interest rate swaps that are being used to hedge changes in the variability of future interest cash flows to certain of our operating lease obligations are designated as cash flow hedges. The changes in fair value of the derivatives are intended to offset changes in future interest cash flows of such operating lease obligations. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps hedging the variability of future interest cash flows is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as “interest and other, net”.

Net Investment Hedge

Foreign currency hedging instruments that are being used to hedge changes in the value of a net investment are designated as net investment hedges. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is designated and qualifies as a net investment hedge are recorded in OCI, net of taxes. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as “interest and other, net”. Gains and losses accumulated in OCI are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the foreign operation is (partially) disposed or sold.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-8   


Table of Contents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of highly liquid investments, such as bank deposits, money market funds and interest-bearing bank accounts with insignificant interest rate risk and remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition.

Short-term Investments

Investments with remaining maturities longer than three months and less than one year at the date of acquisition are presented as short-term investments. The short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale securities and are stated at fair value. Gains and losses, other than impairments, interest income and foreign exchange results, are recognized in OCI until the short-term investments are derecognized. Upon derecognition, the cumulative gain or loss recognized in OCI, is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market value. Cost includes net prices paid for materials purchased, charges for freight and customs duties, production labor cost and factory overhead. Allowances are made for slow-moving, obsolete or unsellable inventory.

Allowances for inventory are determined based on the expected demand which is derived from sales forecasts as well as the expected market value of the inventory.

Intangible Assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the costs of an acquisition over the fair value of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition. Goodwill on acquisition of subsidiaries is allocated to reporting units for the purpose of impairment testing. The allocation is made to those reporting units that are expected to benefit from the business combination in which the goodwill arose. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at the end of the third quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. Goodwill is stated at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets include brands, intellectual property, developed technology, customer relationships, in-process R&D and other intangible assets. Other intangible assets are stated at cost, less accumulated amortization and any accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. The following table presents the estimated useful lives of ASML’s finite-lived other intangible assets:

 

 

Category

   Estimated useful life

Brands

   20 years

Intellectual property

   3 - 10 years

Developed technology

   6 - 15 years

Customer relationships

   8 - 18 years

Other

   2 - 6 years
      

Infinite-lived other intangibles assets are tested for impairment annually at the end of the third quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the infinite-lived other intangible assets may not be recoverable.

 

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Table of Contents

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Costs of assets manufactured by ASML include direct manufacturing costs, production overhead and interest costs incurred for qualifying assets during the construction period. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the related assets. In the case of leasehold improvements, the estimated useful lives of the related assets do not exceed the remaining term of the corresponding lease.

The following table presents the estimated useful lives of ASML’s property, plant and equipment:

 

 

Category

   Estimated useful life

Buildings and constructions

   5 - 45 years

Machinery and equipment

   2 - 10 years

Leasehold improvements

   5 - 10 years

Furniture, fixtures and other equipment

   3 - 5 years
      

Land is not depreciated.

Certain internal and external costs associated with the purchase and/or development of internally used software are capitalized when both the preliminary project stage is completed and management has authorized further funding for the project, which it has deemed probable to be completed and to be usable for the intended function. These costs are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the period of related benefit, which ranges primarily from three to five years.

Evaluation of Long-lived Assets for Impairment

Long-lived assets include goodwill, other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at the end of the third quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. The test is based on a two-step approach for each reporting unit (being an operating segment or one level below an operating segment) in which goodwill has been recorded. First, recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the reporting unit including goodwill with the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit is higher than the fair value of the reporting unit, the second step should be performed. Goodwill impairment is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the goodwill over its implied fair value. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by calculating the fair value of the various assets and liabilities included in the reporting unit in the same manner as goodwill is determined in a business combination.

Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of those assets may not be recoverable. Other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are tested for impairment based on a two-step approach. First, the recoverability is tested by comparing the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment with their fair value, being the sum of the related undiscounted future cash flows. Second, if the carrying amount of the other intangible assets and property, plant and equipment is higher than this fair value the assets are considered to be impaired. The impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.

In determining the fair value of a long-lived asset (other than goodwill), we make estimates about future cash flows. These estimates are based on our financial plan updated with the latest available projection of the semiconductor market conditions and our sales and cost expectations, which are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business. We also make estimates and assumptions concerning WACC and future inflation rates. It is possible that actual results may differ from our plans, estimates and assumptions, which may require impairment of certain long-lived assets (other than goodwill). Future adverse changes in market conditions may also require impairment of certain long-lived assets (other than goodwill), which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Provisions

Provisions for lease contract termination costs are recognized when costs will continue to be incurred under a contract for its remaining term without economic benefit to us and we cease using the rights conveyed by the contract. The provisions are measured at fair value, which for an operating lease contract is determined based on the remaining lease payments reduced by the estimated sublease payments that could be reasonably obtained.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-10   


Table of Contents

Revenue Recognition

ASML recognizes revenue when all four revenue recognition criteria are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists; delivery has occurred or services have been rendered; seller’s price to buyer is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. At ASML this policy generally results in revenue recognition from the sale of a system upon shipment. The revenue from the installation of a system is generally recognized upon completion of that installation at the customer site. Prior to shipment, systems undergo a “Factory Acceptance Test” in our clean room facilities, effectively replicating the operating conditions that will be present on the customer’s site, in order to verify whether the system will meet its standard specifications and any additional technical and performance criteria agreed with the customer, if any. A system is shipped, and revenue is recognized, only after all contractual specifications are met and customer sign-off is received or waived. In case not all specifications are met and the remaining performance obligation is not essential to the functionality of the system but is substantive rather than inconsequential or perfunctory, a portion of the sales price is deferred. Although each system’s performance is re-tested upon installation at the customer’s site, we have never failed to successfully complete installation of a system at a customer’s premises.

In connection with the introduction of new technology, such as our second- and third-generation EUV systems (NXE:3100 and NXE:3300B), we initially defer revenue recognition until acceptance of the new technology based system and completion of installation at the customer premises. As our systems are based largely on two product platforms that permit incremental, modular upgrades, the introduction of genuinely “new” technology occurs infrequently, and in the past 15 years, has occurred on only two occasions: 1999 (TWINSCAN) and 2010 (EUV).

We have no significant repurchase commitments in our general sales terms and conditions. From time to time we repurchase systems that we have manufactured and sold and, following refurbishment, we resell those systems to other customers. This repurchase decision is driven by market demand expressed by other customers and not by explicit or implicit contractual arrangements relating to the initial sale. We consider reasonable offers from any vendor, including customers, to repurchase used systems so that we can refurbish, resell, and install these systems as part of our normal business operations. Once repurchased, the repurchase price of the used system is recorded in work-in-process inventory during the period it is being refurbished, following which the refurbished system is reflected in finished products inventory until it is sold to the customer. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, ASML had no repurchase commitments.

We offer customers discounts in the normal course of sales negotiations. These discounts are directly deducted from the gross sales price at the moment of revenue recognition. In addition, we offer volume discounts to customers. In some instances these volume discounts can be used to purchase field options (system enhancements). The related amount is recorded as a reduction in net sales at time of shipment. From time to time, we offer free or discounted products or services (award credits) to our customers as part of a volume purchase agreement. The sales transaction that gives rise to these award credits is accounted for as a multiple element sales transaction as the agreements involve the delivery of multiple products. The consideration received from the sales transaction is allocated between the award credits and the other elements of the sales transaction. The consideration allocated to the award credits is recognized as deferred revenue until award credits are delivered to the customer. The amount allocable to a delivered item is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon the delivery of additional items or meeting other specified performance conditions (the non-contingent amount).

Net sales are recognized excluding the taxes levied on sales (net basis).

In the event of expected losses on executory contracts, we recognize a liability for the amount that the cost of settling the contract exceeds the amount of the contract price. When we satisfy these contracts, we derecognize the related liability.

Multiple Element Arrangements

The main portion of our net sales is derived from contractual arrangements with our customers that have multiple deliverables, which mainly include the sale of our systems, installation and training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. As of January 1, 2011, we have adopted ASU 2009-13, “Sales Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables” which amended the guidance on arrangements with multiple deliverables in ASC 605-25. The amended standard changes the requirements for establishing separate units of accounting in a multiple element arrangement and requires the allocation of arrangement consideration to each deliverable to be based on the relative selling price.

Each element in the arrangement is accounted for as a separate unit of accounting provided the following criteria are met: the delivered products or services have value to the customer on a standalone basis; and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is considered probable and is substantially controlled by us. We consider a deliverable

 

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to have stand-alone value if the product or service is sold separately by us or another vendor or could be resold by the customer. Further, our sales arrangements do not include a general right of return relative to the delivered products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element(s) and treated as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the arrangement consideration and revenue recognition.

The hierarchy of evidence to determine a selling price in ASC 605-25 is as follows:

 

VSOE – the price at which we sell the element in a separate stand-alone transaction;

 

TPE – evidence from us or other companies of the value of a largely interchangeable element in a transaction;

 

BESP – our best estimate of the selling price of an element in the transaction.

To determine the selling price in multiple elements arrangements, we establish VSOE of the selling price for installation, training services and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts. VSOE for installation is determined based on the prices that we charge for billable labor and materials consumed in comparable services (such as relocating a system to another customer site). VSOE for prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is determined on the basis of similair products we sell on a standalone basis, such as full service contracts and billable lens swaps, and which are subject to normal price negotiations. Revenue from installation and training services is recognized when the services are completed. Revenue from prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts is recognized over the term of the contract. When we are unable to establish the selling price using VSOE or TPE, we use BESP. The objective of using estimated selling price-based methodology is to determine the price at which we would transact a sale if the product or service were sold on a stand-alone basis. Accordingly, we determine BESP considering several internal and external factors including, but not limited to, pricing practices, gross margin objectives, market conditions, competitive environment, internal costs and geographies. We review selling prices annualy and maintain internal controls over the establishment and updates of these estimates.

Lease Arrangements

A lease is classified as a sales-type lease if any of the following lease classification criteria is met at its inception:

1. The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease term;
2. The lease contains a bargain purchase option;
3. The lease term is equal to 75 percent or more of the estimated economic life of the leased property; and
4. The present value at the beginning of the lease term of the minimum lease payments, excluding that portion of the payments representing executory costs such as insurance, maintenance, and taxes to be paid by the lessor, including any profit thereon, equals or exceeds 90 percent of the excess of the fair value of the leased property to the lessor at lease inception over any related investment tax credit retained by the lessor and expected to be realized by the lessor.

In addition, revenue is recognized at commencement of the lease term. The present value of the lease payments is recognized as a finance receivable. The difference between the gross receivable and the present value of the receivable is recognized as unearned interest in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

A lease is classified as an operating lease if the lease classification criteria (as described above) are not met. If ASML has offered its customers an operating lease arrangement, the contract consideration is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

Warranty

We provide standard warranty coverage on our systems for 12 months and on certain optic parts for 60 months, providing labor and parts necessary to repair systems and optic parts during the warranty period. The estimated warranty costs are accounted for by accruing these costs for each system upon recognition of the system sale. The estimated warranty costs are based on historical product performance and field expenses. Based upon historical service records, we calculate the charge of average service hours and parts per system to determine the estimated warranty costs. On a semi-annual basis, we assess, and update if necessary, our accounting estimates used to calculate the standard warranty reserve based on the latest actual historical warranty costs and expected future warranty costs.

The extended and enhanced (optic) warranty on our system is accounted for as a separate element of multiple element revenue recognition transactions.

 

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Customer Co-Investment Program

In connection with the CCIP, we entered into investment agreements, Shareholders Agreements and NRE Funding Agreements and commercial agreements with Participating Customers.

The investment agreements, Shareholder Agreements, NRE Funding Agreements and commercial agreement are accounted for as a multiple-element arrangement with each of the Participating Customers. Based upon ASC 605-25 Multiple-Element Arrangements guidance, the following two separate elements are identified for each arrangement: (1) the share issuance (governed by the investment agreement and the Shareholder Agreement) and (2) the NRE funding and commercial discounts and credits (governed by the NRE Funding Agreement and the commercial agreement with Intel).

The shares issued to the Participating Customers are recorded at fair value based on quoted share prices (EUR 3,977.4 million) with the remaining aggregate arrangement consideration allocated to the NRE funding and commercial discounts and credits. The difference between the fair value of the shares and the subscription price of the shares (EUR 39.91) was recorded as a deduction from shareholders’ equity upon issuance of the shares (EUR 123.4 million). Shareholders’ equity is increased to the fair value of the shares as the portion of the NRE funding allocable to the shares is received over the NRE funding period (2013-2017). The amounts are deemed receivables from the Participating Customers in their capacity as shareholders of ASML.

A significant related party relationship exists between ASML and Intel as a result of the equity investment made by Intel as part of the CCIP. Based on the commercial discounts and credits (governed by the Commercial Agreement with Intel) and the significant related party relationship, all NRE funding will be deferred and recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations only when the commercial discounts and credits are earned.

In addition see also other income for further explanation on the accounting policies with respect to CCIP.

Accounting for Shipping and Handling Fees and Costs

ASML bills the customer for, and recognizes as revenue, any charges for shipping and handling costs. The related costs are recognized as cost of sales.

Cost of Sales

Cost of system sales comprise direct product costs such as materials, labor, cost of warranty, depreciation, shipping and handling costs and related overhead costs. ASML accrues for the estimated cost of the warranty on its systems, which includes the cost of labor and parts necessary to repair systems during the warranty period. The amounts recorded in the accrued warranty reserve are estimated based on actual historical expenses incurred and on estimated probable future expenses related to current sales. Actual warranty costs are charged against the accrued warranty reserve.

Costs of service sales comprise direct service costs such as materials, labor, depreciation and overhead costs.

Cost of field option sales comprise direct product costs such as materials, labor, cost of warranty, depreciation, shipping and handling costs and related overhead costs.

Other Income

The portion of the NRE funding from TSMC and Samsung not allocable to the shares issued to those Participating Customers under the CCIP is recognized in Other income when the R&D costs relating to the development of 450mm lithography equipment and EUV platforms are recognized over the NRE funding period (2013-2017).

R&D Costs and Credits

Costs relating to R&D are charged to operating expenses as incurred. ASML receives subsidies and other grants from several Dutch and international (inter-)governmental institutes. These subsidies and other government grants that cover R&D costs relating to approved projects are recorded as R&D credits in the R&D line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which such costs occur.

Government grants are not recognized until there is reasonable assurance that ASML will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants whose primary condition is that ASML should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognized as deferred income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and transferred to the Consolidated Statements of Operations on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

 

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Other government grants are recognized as income over the periods necessary to match them with the costs for which they are intended to compensate, on a systematic basis. Government grants that are received as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred, or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to ASML with no future related costs are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which they become receivable.

Borrowing Costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time that the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

Share-based Payments

The cost of employee services received (compensation expenses) in exchange for awards of equity instruments are recognized based upon the grant-date fair value of stock options and shares. The grant-date fair value of stock options is estimated using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. This Black-Scholes model requires the use of assumptions, including expected share price volatility, the estimated life of each award and the estimated dividend yield. The risk-free interest rate used in the model is determined, based on an index populated with euro-denominated European government agency bond with high credit ratings and with a life equal to the expected life of the equity-settled share-based payments. The grant-date fair value of shares is determined based on the closing price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam on the grant-date.

The grant-date fair value of the equity-settled share-based payments is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on our estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest. At each balance sheet date, we revise our estimate of the number of equity instruments expected to vest. The impact of the revision of the original estimates, if any, is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which the revision is determined, with a corresponding adjustment to shareholders’ equity.

Income Taxes

The asset and liability method is used in accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the tax effect of incurred net operating losses and for tax consequences attributable to differences between the balance sheet carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. If it is more likely than not that the carrying amounts of deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is recorded to reduce the carrying amounts of those assets.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

We recognize liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on a two-step process. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50 percent likely of being realized upon settlement. While we believe we have appropriate support for the positions taken on our tax returns, we regularly assess the potential outcomes of examinations by tax authorities in determining the adequacy of our provision for income taxes, and adjust the income tax provision, income taxes payable and deferred taxes in the period in which the facts that give rise to a revision become known.

 

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Contingencies and Litigation

We are party to various legal proceedings generally incidental to our business, as disclosed in Note 19. In connection with these proceedings and claims, our management evaluated, based on the relevant facts and legal principles, the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome and whether the amount of the loss could be reasonably estimated. In most cases, management determined that either a loss was not probable or was not reasonably estimable. Significant subjective judgments were required in these evaluations, including judgments regarding the validity of asserted claims and the likely outcome of legal and administrative proceedings. The outcome of these proceedings, however, is subject to a number of factors beyond our control, most notably the uncertainty associated with predicting decisions by courts and administrative agencies. In addition, estimates of the potential costs associated with legal and administrative proceedings frequently cannot be subjected to any sensitivity analysis, as damage estimates or settlement offers by claimants may bear little or no relation to the eventual outcome. Finally, in any particular proceeding, we may agree to settle or to terminate a claim or proceeding in which we believe that it would ultimately prevail where we believe that doing so, when taken together with other relevant commercial considerations, is more cost-effective than engaging in an expensive and protracted litigation, the outcome of which is uncertain.

We accrue for legal costs related to litigation in our Consolidated Statements of Operations at the time when the related legal services are actually provided.

Net Income per Ordinary Share

Basic net income per ordinary share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding for that period. The dilutive effect is calculated using the treasury stock method. Excluded from the diluted weighted average number of shares outstanding calculation are cumulative preference shares contingently issuable to the preference share foundation, since they represent a different class of stock than the ordinary shares. See Note 26 for further discussion.

The basic and diluted net income per ordinary share has been calculated in accordance with the following schedule:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands, except per share data)

    

 

2013

EUR

  

  

    

 

2012

EUR

  

  

    

 

2011

EUR

  

  

 

 

Net income

         1,015,490             1,146,316             1,466,960   

Weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year

(after deduction of treasury stock)

     429,770         424,096         425,618   

Basic net income per ordinary share

     2.36         2.70         3.45   

Weighted average number of shares:

     429,770         424,096         425,618   

Plus shares applicable to:

        

Options and conditional shares

     3,676         2,890         3,435   

 

 

Dilutive potential ordinary shares

     3,676         2,890         3,435   

 

 

Adjusted weighted average number of shares

     433,446         426,986         429,053   

Diluted net income per ordinary share1

 

    
2.34
  
    
2.68
  
    
3.42
  

 

1 The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share assumes the exercise of options issued under our stock option plans and the issuance of shares under our share plans for periods in which exercises or issuances would have a dilutive effect. The calculation of diluted net income per ordinary share does not assume exercise of such options or issuance of shares when such exercises or issuance would be anti-dilutive.

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income (loss) and OCI.

OCI refers to gains and losses that are not included in net income (loss), but recorded directly in shareholders’ equity. For the years ending December 31, 2013 and 2012, comprehensive income consists of net income, unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, being available-for-sale securities and derivative financial instruments designated for hedge accounting, net of taxes, and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation, net of taxes. For the year ending December 31, 2011 comprehensive income consists of net income, unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments, being derivative financial instruments designated for hedge accounting, net of taxes and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency translation, net of taxes.

 

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New US GAAP Accounting Pronouncements

For the below mentioned ASUs, issued in 2013, the impact on our Financial Statements needs to be assessed:

 

In February 2013, FASB issued ASU No. 2013-04 “Liabilities (Topic 405): Obligations Resulting from Joint and Several Liability Arrangements for which the Total Amount of the Obligation is Fixed at the Reporting Date”. The objective of the amendments in this Update is to provide guidance for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of obligations resulting from joint an several liability arrangements for which the total amount of the obligation within the scope of this guidance is fixed at the reporting date, except for obligations addressed within existing guidance in US GAAP. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013.

 

In March 2013, FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05 “Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent’s Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity”. The objective of the amendments in this Update is to resolve the diversity in practice about whether Subtopic 810-10, “Consolidation-Overall”, or Subtopic 830-30, ““Foreign Currency Matters-Translation of Financial Statements”, applies to the release of the cumulative translation adjustment into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business (other than a sale of in substance real estate or conveyance of oil and gas mineral rights) within a foreign entity. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013.

 

In July 2013, FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11 “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carry forward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carry forward Exists”. Topic 740, Income Taxes, does not include explicit guidance on the financial statement presentation of an unrecognized tax benefit when a net operating loss carry forward, a similar tax loss, or a tax credit carry forward exists. There is diversity in practice in the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits in those instances. Some entities present unrecognized tax benefits as a liability unless the unrecognized tax benefit is directly associated with a tax position taken in a tax year that results in, or that resulted in, the recognition of a net operating loss or tax credit carry forward has not been utilized. Other entities present unrecognized tax benefits as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss or tax credit carry forward in certain circumstances. The objective of the amendments in this Update is to eliminate that diversity in practice. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013.

2. Business Combinations

On May 30, 2013, we concluded the acquisition of Cymer and obtained control through acquiring 100 percent of the issued share capital of Cymer, for a consideration of EUR 3.1 billion. There are no contingent consideration arrangements.

Prior to the acquisition, Cymer was an industry leader in developing and servicing lithography light sources used by chip manufacturers worldwide to pattern advanced semiconductor chips. Cymer has production facilities in San Diego, California, the United States of America and in Pyongtaek-city, South Korea, Asia.

The acquisition of Cymer will support our strategic objective of delivering an economically viable EUV scanner to semiconductor manufacturers within the timeline required by our customers. In addition, there are opportunities to further enhance Cymer’s growing advanced immersion systems and related installed base products business.

 

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The following table summarizes the major classes of consideration transferred, and the recognized amounts of the fair value of the identifiable assets distributed and the fair value of the liabilities incurred or assumed at the acquisition date.

 

(in thousands)   

 

May 30, 2013
EUR1

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

     84,129   

Short-term investments

     40,055   

Accounts receivable, net

     121,395   

Finance receivables, net

     611   

Current tax assets

     37,289   

Inventories, net

     301 ,279   

Deferred tax assets

     90,045   

Other assets, current and non-current

     29,418   

Other intangible assets, net

     751,542   

Property, plant and equipment, net

     124,308   

Assets acquired

     1,580,071   

Accounts payable

     151,412   

Accrued and other liabilities, current and non-current

     90,900   

Deferred and other tax liabilities

     297,977   

Long-term debt, current and non-current

     609   

Liabilities assumed

     540,898   

 

 

Total net identifiable assets

     1,039,173   

Consideration paid in cash for the transaction on May 30, 2013

     486,325   

Fair value of shares2

     2,347,663   

Fair value of equity awards cash settled

     41,516   

Fair value of unvested equity awards to be exchanged

     43,527   

Gain on settlement of pre-existing relationships

     178,427   

 

 

Consideration transferred

     3,097,458   

Goodwill on acquisition

    

 

2,058,285

 

  

 

 

1 Amounts were converted into euro at the rate of USD/EUR 1.3043.
2 As part of the consideration transferred, Cymer shares were converted into a right to receive 36,479,109 ASML ordinary shares. These shares were valued at USD 83.94 being the opening price on NASDAQ at May 30, 2013. As at December 31, 2013, 14,533 ASML ordinary shares are still to be issued.

Prior to the acquisition, supply and R&D arrangements existed between Cymer and ASML. These pre-existing relationships were effectively settled as a result of the acquisition. We determined that the R&D arrangement as well as the supply arrangements (excluding EUV) were at current market terms and therefore no gain or loss was recognized. We determined that the EUV supply arrangements were favorable to ASML and therefore a gain of EUR 178.4 million was recognized in cost of sales within our Consolidated Statements of Operations. This gain was recognized separately from the business combination as it is not part of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed. The approach for quantifying the favorable component to ASML of the EUV supply arrangements is based on the assessment of the prices for such light sources if the EUV supply arrangements would have been renegotiated in May 2013. This approach is in line with (and offsets) the expected losses (for which a liability is recognized of EUR 171.2 million included in costs to be paid, see Note 13) to upgrade the first 11 EUV sources in the field, which was assumed by ASML as a result of the acquisition of Cymer.

The majority of the goodwill arising on the acquisition of Cymer is attributable to the fact that we believe that the acquisition will help us achieving our strategic objective of delivering an economically viable EUV scanner to semiconductor manufacturers as soon as reasonably possible. We believe that combining Cymer’s expertise in EUV light sources with our expertise in lithography systems design and integration will reduce the risks related to the successful development of and accelerate the introduction of EUV technology. Without the acquisition, we do not believe that Cymer would have sufficient resources to complete the development of the EUV light source and as a result, the only way to make the EUV light source development successful without additional delay was through the acquisition of Cymer. We believe that the acquisition will allow us to more effectively partition responsibilities between Cymer, its suppliers and us with respect to EUV light source development, thereby reducing risk and increasing development speed. Also, synergies are expected from the combination. All goodwill has been allocated to the RU ASML. None of the goodwill recognized is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

 

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Cymer contributed EUR 178.7 million to net sales and a loss of EUR 138.5 million to net income (including a charge of EUR 85.5 million related to the purchase price allocation adjustments) for the period between the date of acquisition and December 31, 2013.

In 2013, we incurred EUR 7.8 million transaction costs relating to the acquisition of Cymer. These costs are included in SG&A.

The following unaudited pro forma summary presents estimated consolidated information of ASML as if the Cymer acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2012. These amounts have been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the results of Cymer to reflect the charges and benefits assuming the fair value adjustments had been applied from January 1, 2012 with the consequential tax effects.

 

Pro Forma Year ended December 31

(in millions)

  

 

Unaudited

2013

EUR

   

Unaudited

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Total net sales

     5,362        5,053   

Net income

 

     1,031 1      965 2 

 

1 Pro forma net income was adjusted to exclude EUR 60 million of non-recurring costs related to the fair value adjustments to acquisition date inventory and exclude EUR 30 million of acquisition related costs incurred in 2013.
2 Pro forma net income was adjusted to include EUR 60 million of non-recurring costs related to the fair value adjustments to acquisition date inventory and exclude EUR 15 million of acquisition related costs incurred in 2012.

3. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

 

Level 1: Valuations based on inputs such as quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access.

 

Level 2: Valuations based on inputs other than level 1 inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

Level 3: Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3). A financial instrument’s fair value classification is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant in the fair value measurement hierarchy.

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Investments in money market funds (as part of our cash and cash equivalents) have fair value measurements which are all based on quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities.

Our available-for-sale financial instruments consist of Dutch Treasury Certificates and deposits with the Dutch government. Dutch Treasury Certificates are traded in an active market and the fair value is determined based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities. The fair value of deposits is determined with reference to quoted market prices for similar assets or discounted cash flow analysis.

The principal market in which we execute our derivative contracts is the institutional market in an over-the-counter environment with a high level of price transparency. The market participants usually are large commercial banks. The valuation inputs for our derivative contracts are based on quoted prices and quoting pricing intervals from public data sources; they do not involve management judgement.

The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts (used for hedging purposes) approximates the NPV technique which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the forward foreign exchange contracts at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates and current exchange rates.

The valuation technique used to determine the fair value of interest rate swaps (used for hedging purposes) is the NPV technique, which is the estimated amount that a bank would receive or pay to terminate the swap agreements at the reporting date, taking into account current interest rates.

 

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Our Eurobonds serve as hedged items in fair value hedge relationships in which we hedge the variability of changes in the fair value of our Eurobonds due to changes in market interest rates with interest rate swaps. The fair value changes of these interest rate swaps are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under derivative financial instruments (within other current assets and other non-current assets) and the carrying amounts of the Eurobonds are adjusted for these fair value changes only. For the actual aggregate carrying amount and the fair value of our Eurobonds, see Note 15.

The following table presents our financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

 

As of December 31, 2013

(in thousands)

  

Level 1

EUR

  

Level 2

EUR

  

Level 3

EUR

  

Total

EUR

 

 

 

Assets

           

Derivative financial instruments 1

   -    71,620    -      71,620   

Money market funds 2

   535,000    -    -                          535,000   

Short-term investments 3

   304,884    375,000    -      679,884   

 

 

Total

   839,884    446,620    -      1,286,504   

Liabilities

           

Long-term debt 4

   -    1,021,930    -      1,021,930   

Derivative financial instruments1

   -    11,652    -      11,652   

 

 

Total

   -    1,033,582    -      1,033,582   

As of December 31, 2012

(in thousands)

  

Level 1

EUR

  

Level 2

EUR

  

Level 3

EUR

  

Total

EUR

 

 

 

Assets

           

Derivative financial instruments1

   -    151,748    -      151,748   

Money market funds 2

   385,420    -    -      385,420   

Short-term investments 3

   279,988    650,017    -      930,005   

 

 

Total

   665,408    801,765    -      1,467,173   

Liabilities

           

Long-term debt 4

   -    759,490    -      759,490   

Derivative financial instruments 1

   -    10,893    -      10,893   

 

 

Total

 

   -    770,383    -      770,383   

 

1 Derivative financial instruments consist of forward foreign exchange contracts and interest rate swaps. See Note 4.
2 Money market funds are part of our cash and cash equivalents.
3 Short-term investments consist of Dutch Treasury Certificates and deposits with the Dutch government.
4 Long-term debt mainly relates to our Eurobonds (carrying amount as at December 31, 2013: EUR 1,021.9 million (2012: EUR 710.1 million)) and excludes accrued interest. For further details see Note 15.

There were no transfers between levels during the years ended December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In 2013, we recognized impairment charges of EUR 13.1 million (2012: EUR 3.2 million; 2011: EUR 12.3 million) on our property, plant and equipment, mainly relating to buildings (EUR 3.6 million) and machinery and equipment (EUR 8.0 million). Valuation of these assets is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy since their fair values were determined based on unobservable inputs. The impairment charge is determined based on the difference between the assets’ estimated fair value (being EUR 16.4 million) and their carrying amount. For further information, see Note 12.

We did not recognize any impairment charges for goodwill and other intangible assets during 2013. See Notes 10 and 11 for more information. For fair value measurements in relation to the acquisition of Cymer, we refer to Note 2.

4. Financial Risk Management

We are exposed to certain financial risks such as market risk (including foreign currency risk and interest rate risk), credit risk, liquidity risk and capital risk. The overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potentially adverse effects on our financial performance. We use derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. None of our transactions are entered into for trading or speculative purposes. We believe that market information is the most reliable and transparent measure for our derivative financial instruments that are measured at fair value.

Foreign Currency Risk Management

Our sales are predominately denominated in euros. Exceptions may occur on a customer by customer basis. Our cost of sales and other costs are mainly denominated in euros, to a certain extent in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen and to a limited extent in other currencies. Therefore, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange risk.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-19   


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It is our policy to hedge material transaction exposures, such as forecasted sales and purchase transactions, and material net remeasurement exposures, such as accounts receivable and payable. We hedge these exposures through the use of foreign exchange contracts.

As of December 31, 2013, accumulated OCI includes EUR 10.7 million (net of taxes: EUR 9.5 million; 2012: EUR 5.3 million loss) representing the total anticipated loss to be charged to cost of sales, which will offset the EUR equivalent of foreign currency denominated forecasted purchase transactions. All amounts are expected to be charged over the next 12 months. As of December 31, 2013, no amount was included in accumulated OCI representing the total anticipated gain to be released to sales (2012: EUR 4.3 million gain, net of taxes). The effectiveness of all contracts for which we apply hedge accounting is monitored on a quarterly basis throughout the life of the hedges. During 2012 and 2013, no ineffective hedge relationships were recognized.

Interest Rate Risk Management

We have interest-bearing assets and liabilities that expose us to fluctuations in market interest rates. We use interest rate swaps to align the interest-typical terms of interest-bearing liabilities with the interest-typical terms of interest-bearing assets. There may be residual interest rate risk to the extent the asset and liability positions do not fully offset.

As part of our hedging policy, we use interest rate swaps to hedge changes in fair value of our Eurobonds due to changes in market interest rates, thereby offsetting the variability of future interest receipts on part of our cash and cash equivalents. During 2013, these hedges were highly effective in hedging the fair value exposure to interest rate movements. The changes in fair value of the Eurobonds were included at the same time in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as the changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps.

Furthermore, as part of our hedging policy, we use interest rate swaps to hedge the variability of future interest cash flows relating to certain of our operating lease obligations. During 2013, these hedges were highly effective in hedging the cash flow exposure to interest rate movements.

Financial Instruments

We use foreign exchange contracts to manage our foreign currency risk and interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate risk. The following table summarizes the notional amounts and estimated fair values of our derivative financial instruments:

 

     
    

 

        2013

             2012  

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

Notional

amount

EUR

    

Fair Value

EUR

    

Notional

amount

EUR

    

Fair Value

EUR

 

 

 

Forward foreign exchange contracts1

                         986,986                             8,583                             262,146                             16,805   

Interest rate swaps2

 

     1,013,053         51,385         624,900         124,050   

 

1 Relates to forward contracts assigned as a hedge to forecasted sales and purchase transactions and to monetary assets and liabilities, mainly in U.S. dollar and Japanese Yen.
2 Relates to interest rate swaps assigned as a hedge to interest bearing assets and liabilities, mainly related to our Eurobonds; the fair value of the interest rate swaps includes accrued interest.

The following table summarizes our derivative financial instruments per category:

 

          

 

2013

         2012  

As of December 31

(in thousands)

       Assets
EUR
     Liabilities
EUR
        Assets
EUR
     Liabilities
EUR
 

 

 

Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges

       -         3,598          -         4,780   

Interest rate swaps - fair value hedges

       54,983         -                  128,830         -   

Forward foreign exchange contracts - cash flow hedges

       3         6,039          5,975         5,688   

Forward foreign exchange contracts - other hedges (no hedge accounting)

       16,634         2,015          16,943         425   

 

 

Total

                 71,620                   11,652          151,748                   10,893   

Less non-current portion:

              

Interest rate swaps - cash flow hedges

       -         2,608          -         4,032   

Interest rate swaps - fair value hedges

       30,777         -          101,651         -   

 

 

Total non-current portion

       30,777         2,608          101,651         4,032   

 

 

Total current portion

 

         40,843         9,044            50,097         6,861   

 

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The fair value part of a hedging derivative financial instruments that has a remaining term of 12 months or less after balance sheet date is classified as current asset or liability. When the fair value part of a hedging derivative has a term of more than 12 months after balance sheet date, it is classified as non-current asset or liability. The current portion of derivative financial instruments is included in respectively other current assets and current accrued and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The non-current portion of derivative financial instruments is included in, respectively, other non-current assets and non-current accrued and other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For further information regarding our derivative financial instruments, see Notes 1 and 3.

Foreign Exchange Contracts

The notional principal amounts of the outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts in the main currencies U.S. dollar and Japanese yen at December 31, 2013 are USD 1,144.0 million and JPY 2.2 billion (2012: USD 159.8 million and JPY 8.4 billion).

The hedged highly probable forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currency are expected to occur at various dates during the coming 12 months. Gains and losses recognized in OCI on forward foreign exchange contracts as of December 31, 2013 will be recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period or periods during which the hedged forecasted transactions affect the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

In 2013, we recognized a net amount of EUR 2.3 million gain (2012: EUR 8.7 million gain; 2011: EUR 58.1 million loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations resulting from effective cash flow hedges for forecasted sales and purchase transactions that occurred in the year. Furthermore, we recognized a net amount of EUR 62.5 million gain in the Consolidated Statements of Operations resulting from derivative financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss (2012: EUR 3.0 million gain; 2011: EUR 38.3 million loss).

Interest Rate Swaps

The notional principal amounts of the outstanding interest rate swap contracts as of December 31, 2013 were EUR 1,013.1 million (2012: EUR 624.9 million).

Credit Risk Management

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentration of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, derivative financial instruments used for hedging activities, accounts receivable and finance receivables.

Cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and derivative financial instruments contain an element of risk of the counterparties being unable to meet their obligations. Our risk management program focuses appropriately on the current environment of uncertainty in the financial markets, especially in the euro-zone. We invest our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments in short-term deposits with high-rated financial institutions and the Dutch government, in Dutch Treasury Certificates and in AAAm-rated money market funds that invest in high-rated short-term debt securities of financial institutions and governments. To mitigate the risk that any of our counterparties in hedging transactions is unable to meet its obligations, we only enter into transactions with a limited number of major financial institutions that have good credit ratings and closely monitor the creditworthiness of our counterparties. Concentration risk is mitigated by limiting the exposure to a single counterparty.

Our customers consist of IC manufacturers located throughout the world. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition. We take additional measures to mitigate credit risk when considered appropriate by means of e.g. down payments, letters of credit or retention of ownership provisions in contracts. Retention of ownership enables us to recover the systems in the event a customer defaults on payment.

 

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5. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2013 include deposits with high-rated financial institutions and the Dutch government of EUR 853.5 million (2012: EUR 775.6 million), investments in AAAm-rated money market funds that invest in high-rated debt securities of financial institutions and governments of EUR 535.0 million (2012: EUR 385.4 million) and interest-bearing bank accounts of EUR 942.2 million (2012: EUR 606.6 million). Our cash and cash equivalents are predominantly denominated in euros and partly in U.S. dollars.

Cash and cash equivalents have insignificant interest rate risk and remaining maturities of three months or less at the date of acquisition. Except for an amount of EUR 4.7 million, no restrictions on usage of cash and cash equivalents exist. The carrying amount of these assets approximates their fair value.

Short-term investments have insignificant interest rate risk and remaining maturities longer than three months but less than one year at the date of acquisition.

Short-term investments (classified as available for sale securities) consist of the following:

 

 

As of December 31, 2013

(in thousands)

   Cost basis      Unrealized
Gains
     Unrealized
Losses
     Recorded Basis  

 

 

Dutch Treasury Certificates

                     304,884         -         -                         304,884   

Deposits

     375,000         -         -         375,000   

 

 

Total

 

     679,884         -         -         679,884   
                             

 

As of December 31, 2012

(in thousands)

   Cost basis      Unrealized
Gains
     Unrealized
Losses
     Recorded Basis  

 

 

Dutch Treasury Certificates

     279,988         -         -         279,988   

Deposits

     650,017         -         -         650,017   

 

 

Total

 

     930,005         -         -         930,005   

6. Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Accounts receivable, gross

     880,169         607,359   

Allowance for doubtful receivables

     (1,848)         (2,071)   

 

 

Accounts receivable, net

 

                          878,321                              605,288   

The increase in accounts receivable as of December 31, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012 is mainly caused by an increased number of systems shipped and recognized in sales in the last months of 2013 compared to the last months of 2012.

The carrying amount of the accounts receivable approximates the fair value. We perform ongoing credit evaluations on our customers’ financial condition. We periodically review whether an allowance for credit losses is needed by considering factors such as historical payment experience, credit quality, aging of the accounts receivable balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay.

Movements of the allowance for doubtful receivables are as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

     (2,071)         (2,582)   

Addition for the year1

     (1,062)         (458)   

Utilization of the provision

     1,285         969   

 

 

Allowance for doubtful receivables

 

                          (1,848)                              (2,071)   

 

1 The addition for the year is recorded in the cost of sales.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-22   


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7. Finance Receivables

Finance receivables consist of the net investment in sales-type leases. The following table lists the components of the finance receivables as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Finance receivables, gross

     302,977         309,616   

Unearned interest

     (6,488)         (5,828)   

 

 

Finance receivables, net

                         296,489                             303,788   

Current portion of finance receivables, gross

     254,227         268,617   

Current portion of unearned interest

     (3,755)         (3,450)   

 

 

Non-current portion of finance receivables, net

 

     46,017         38,621   

The slight decrease in finance receivables as of December 31, 2013 compared to December 31, 2012 is caused by a change in the product mix (lower number of high-end system types included at the end of 2013 compared to 2012). At December 31, 2013, the finance receivables due for payment in each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

 

 

(in thousands)

   EUR  

 

 

2014

     254,227   

2015

     -   

2016

     6,150   

2017

     36,450   

2018

     6,150   

Thereafter

     -   

 

 

Finance receivables, gross

 

     302,977   

We perform ongoing credit evaluations on our customers’ financial condition. We periodically review whether an allowance for credit losses is needed by considering factors such as historical payment experience, credit quality, the aging of the finance receivables balances, and current economic conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay. In 2013 and 2012, we did not record any expected credit losses from finance receivables. As of December 31, 2013 the finance receivables were neither past due nor impaired.

8. Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Raw materials

     438,853         307,315   

Work-in-process

     1,549,119         1,074,042   

Finished products

     666,648         742,979   

Inventories, gross

                 2,654,620                     2,124,336   

Allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value

     (261,598)         (267,366)   

 

 

Inventories, net

 

     2,393,022         1,856,970   

A summary of activity in the allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value is as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Balance at beginning of year

     (267,366)         (193,513)   

Addition for the year

     (164,852)         (130,911)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     2,532         1,009   

Utilization of the provision

     168,088         56,049   

 

 

Allowance for obsolescence and/or lower market value

 

                  (261,598)                      (267,366)   

In 2013, the addition for the year is recorded in cost of sales for an amount of EUR 155.4 million and R&D costs for an amount of EUR 9.5 million (2012: cost of sales EUR 125.2 million and R&D costs for an amount of EUR 5.7 million). The 2013 addition for the year mainly relates to inventory items which were ceased to be used due to technological developments and design changes which resulted in obsolescence of certain parts.

Utilization of the provision mainly relates to the sale and scrapping of obsolete inventories. In 2013 ASML made no profit on the sale of inventories that had been previously written down (2012: EUR 2.3 million).

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-23   


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9. Other Assets

Other current assets consist of the following:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Advance payments to Zeiss

     99,415         70,257   

Prepaid expenses

     100,077         64,708   

Derivative financial instruments

     40,843         50,097   

VAT

     67,381         25,215   

Other receivables

     28,705         35,728   

 

 

Other current assets

 

                     336,421                         246,005   

Zeiss is our sole supplier of main optical systems (including lenses) and, from time to time, receives non-interest bearing advance payments from us that supports Zeiss’ work-in-process, thereby securing lens and optical module deliveries to us. Amounts owed under these advance payments are settled through future lens or EUV optical module deliveries.

Prepaid expenses include prepaid income taxes on intercompany profit, not realized by the ASML group of EUR 45.4 million as of December 31, 2013 (2012: EUR 29.8 million).

Derivative financial instruments consist of forward foreign exchange contracts and the current part of the aggregate fair value of interest rate swaps, see Note 4.

Other non-current assets consist of the following:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Advance payments to Zeiss

                     224,123                         183,025   

Derivative financial instruments

     30,777         101,651   

Compensation plan assets1

     20,174         12,080   

Prepaid expenses

     10,950         4,462   

Subordinated loan granted to lessor in respect of Veldhoven headquarters2

     5,445         5,445   

Other

     7,090         4,875   

 

 

Other non-current assets

 

     298,559         311,538   

 

1 For further details on compensation plan assets see Note 18.
2 For further details on the loan granted to lessor in respect of Veldhoven headquarters see Note 12.

The non-current part of non-interest bearing advance payments to Zeiss mainly relates to payments made to support Zeiss’ investments in ASML’s EUV program, which are settled through future EUV optical module deliveries.

Derivative financial instruments consist of the non-current part of the fair value of interest rate swaps, see Note 4.

10. Goodwill

Changes in goodwill are summarized as follows:

 

     

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Cost

     

Balance, January 1

                     149,168                         146,044   

Acquisition through business combinations

     2,058,285         6,038   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (118,864)         (2,914)   

Goodwill

 

     2,088,589                         149,168   

Goodwill increased due to the acquisition of Cymer. For more information with respect to business combinations, see Note 2.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at the end of the third quarter and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable.

Due to the acquisition of Cymer we have re-evaluated our RU structure in 2013. As a result, all goodwill recognized in relation to the acquisition of Cymer is allocated to the RU ASML. The fair value of the RU ASML is based on ASML’s market capitalization.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-24   


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Based on the recoverability testing during the annual goodwill impairment test, we believe that the fair value of the RU ASML substantially exceeds its carrying value, therefore goodwill was not impaired as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

11. Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consist of both finite-lived intangible assets and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The main part of the other intangible assets was acquired as part of the acquisitions of Brion and Cymer. For more information with respect to business combinations, see Note 2.

Finite-lived other intangible assets consist of the following:

 

             
(in thousands)   

Brands

EUR

    

Intellectual

property

EUR

    

Developed

technology

EUR

    

Customer

relationships

EUR

    

Other

EUR

    

Total

EUR

 

Cost

                 

Balance, January 1, 2012

     -         47,250         49,031         8,733         2,231         107,245   

Additions

     -         7,658         -         -         -         7,658   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

     -         54,908         49,031         8,733         2,231         114,903   

Acquisitions through business combinations

     13,280         -         427,797         162,980         -         604,057   

Additions

     -         4,000         -         -         -         4,000   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (726)         -         (23,380)         (8,907)         -         (33,013)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2013

                 12,554                     58,908                     453,448                     162,806                         2,231                         689,947   

Accumulated amortization

                 

Balance, January 1, 2012

     -         47,228         44,271         5,277         2,103         98,879   

Amortization

     -         800         4,080         1,092         109         6,081   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

     -         48,028         48,351         6,369         2,212         104,960   

Amortization

     382         2,135         18,694         6,332         19         27,562   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (13)         -         (596)         (174)         -         (783)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2013

     369         50,163         66,449         12,527         2,231         131,739   

Carrying amount

                 

December 31, 2012

     -         6,880         680         2,364         19         9,943   

December 31, 2013

 

     12,185         8,745         386,999         150,279         -         558,208   

The weighted-average amortization period for the total finite-lived other intangible assets acquired, as a result of the acquisition of Cymer, is 15.2 years.

The weighted-average amortization period for the finite-lived other intangible assets acquired, as a result of the acquisition of Cymer, by major intangible asset class is as follows:

 

       
(in years)    Brands      Developed technology      Customer relationships  

Weighted-average amortization period

 

     20.0         14.0         17.9   

Acquired finite-lived other intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis not taking into account any residual value.

Intellectual property relates to licenses and patents purchased from third parties. During 2013, we acquired intellectual property from third parties for an amount of EUR 4.0 million (2012: EUR 7.7 million).

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-25   


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Indefinite-lived other intangible assets consist of the following:

 

   
(in thousands)   

In-process

R&D

EUR

 

Cost

  

Balance, January 1, 2012

     -   

Additions

     -   

Balance, December 31, 2012

     -   

Acquisitions through business combinations

     147,485   

Additions

     -   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (8,059)   

Carrying amount, December 31, 2013

 

                 139,426   

All acquired infinite-lived other intangible assets are allocated to the RU ASML.

Brands, Developed technology, Customer relationships, In-process R&D and Other were obtained from the acquisitions of Cymer (2013) and Brion (2007).

During 2013, we recorded amortization charges of EUR 27.6 million (2012: EUR 6.1 million; 2011: EUR 5.3 million) which were recorded in cost of sales for EUR 27.0 million (2012: EUR 6.0 million; 2011: EUR 5.3 million) and in R&D costs for EUR 0.6 million (2012:EUR 0.1 million and 2011: nil).

During 2013, 2012 and 2011, we did not record any impairment charges for other intangible assets.

As at December 31, 2013, the estimated amortization expenses for other intangible assets, for the next five years and thereafter, are as follows:

 

   
(in thousands)    EUR  

2014

     42,227   

2015

     41,317   

2016

     52,753   

2017

     51,958   

2018

     50,619   

Thereafter

     458,760   

Amortization expenses

 

                 697,634   

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-26   


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12. Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:

 

           
(in thousands)   

Land,

buildings and

  constructions

EUR

    

Machinery

and

    equipment

EUR

    

Leasehold

  improvements

EUR

    

Furniture,

fixtures and

other

equipment

EUR

    

Total

EUR

 

 

 

Cost

              

Balance, January 1, 2012

     742,141         764,023         206,660         344,979         2,057,803   

Additions

     106,234         248,429         8,883         22,749         386,295   

Disposals

     (347)         (317,022)         (300)         (30,894)         (348,563)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (995)         (4,671)         (391)         (59)         (6,116)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

     847,033         690,759         214,852         336,775         2,089,419   

Acquisitions through business combinations

     71,040         48,965         1,057         3,246         124,308   

Additions

     123,646         171,895         11,543         32,168         339,252   

Disposals

     (14)         (90,244)         (336)         (1,925)         (92,519)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (6,605)         (17,490)         (1,464)         (1,783)         (27,342)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2013

     1,035,100         803,885         225,652         368,481         2,433,118   

Accumulated depreciation and impairment

              

Balance, January 1, 2012

     155,877         401,800         145,775         300,741         1,004,193   

Depreciation

     31,598         110,571         13,416         23,668         179,253   

Impairment charges

     649         906         -           1,679         3,234   

Disposals

     (347)         (92,205)         (248)         (30,575)         (123,375)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (505)         (3,090)         (165)         (49)         (3,809)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

     187,272         417,982         158,778         295,464         1,059,496   

Depreciation

     47,791         114,677         12,415         22,170         197,053   

Impairment charges

     3,619         7,997         1,352         89         13,057   

Disposals

     (5)         (42,625)         (266)         (1,282)         (44,178)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

     (1,116)         (8,068)         (422)         (544)         (10,150)   

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2013

     237,561         489,963         171,857         315,897         1,215,278   

Carrying amount

              

December 31, 2012

     659,761         272,777         56,074         41,311         1,029,923   

December 31, 2013

 

     797,539         313,922         53,795         52,584         1,217,840   

Property, plant and equipment include amounts recorded as a result of the acquisition of Cymer. For more information with respect to business combinations, we refer to Note 2.

As of December 31, 2013, the carrying amount includes assets under construction for land, buildings and constructions of EUR 49.3 million (2012: EUR 5.5 million), machinery and equipment of EUR 35.9 million (2012: EUR 21.8 million), leasehold improvements of EUR 1.0 million (2012: EUR 1.0 million) and furniture, fixtures and other equipment of EUR 13.9 million (2012: EUR 9.3 million). As of December 31, 2013, the carrying amount of land amounts to EUR 79.2 million (2012: EUR 60.7 million).

The majority of the additions and disposals in 2013 and 2012 relate to machinery and equipment (including operating leases to customers, prototypes, evaluation and training systems). These systems are similar to those that ASML sells in its ordinary course of business. The systems are capitalized under property, plant and equipment because they are held for own use, for operating lease and for evaluation purposes. These systems are recorded at cost and depreciated over their expected useful life taking into consideration their residual value. From the time that these assets are no longer held for use but intended for sale in the ordinary course of business, they are reclassified from property, plant and equipment to inventory at the lower of their carrying value or fair market value. Since the transfers between inventory and property, plant and equipment are non-cash events, these are not reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. An amount of EUR 115.9 million (2012: EUR 204.8 million) of the additions relates to non-cash transfers from inventory and an amount of EUR 12.5 million (2012: EUR 9.6 million) relates to other non-cash movements (mainly capital expenditures not yet paid as at December 31, 2013). An amount of EUR 48.2 million (2012: EUR 222.9 million) of the disposals relates to non-cash transfers to inventory. When sold, the proceeds and cost of these systems are recorded as net sales and cost of sales, respectively, identical to the treatment of other sales transactions. The cost of sales for these systems includes the inventory value and the additional costs of refurbishing (materials and labor).

The impairment charges recorded in 2013 mainly related to buildings (EUR 3.6 million) and machinery and equipment (EUR 8.0 million). We recorded impairment charges in buildings relating to the rebuild of cleanroom cabins and in machinery and equipment relating to proto types. The total impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ estimated fair value (being EUR 16.4 million) and their carrying amount.

 

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The impairment charges recorded in 2012 mainly related to furniture, fixture and other equipment (EUR 1.7 million). We recorded impairment charges with respect to software which ceased to be used. The total impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ estimated fair value (being EUR 0.1 million) and their carrying amount.

The impairment charges recorded in 2011 mainly related to machinery and equipment and furniture, fixture and other equipment (EUR 9.5 million). We recorded impairment charges with respect to technical equipment and software which ceased to be used. The total impairment charges were determined based on the difference between the assets’ estimated fair value (being EUR 1.9 million) and their carrying amount.

As of December 31, 2013, the carrying amount of machinery and equipment includes an amount of EUR 36.7 million with respect to evaluation and operating lease systems (2012: EUR 82.2 million).

During 2013, we recorded impairment charges of EUR 13.1 million (2012: EUR 3.2 million; 2011: EUR 12.3 million) of which we recorded EUR 6.3 million (2012: EUR 1.0 million; 2011: EUR 6.2 million) in cost of sales, EUR 6.7 million (2012: EUR 0.5 million; 2011: EUR 3.5 million) in R&D costs and EUR 0.1 million (2012: EUR 1.7 million; 2011: EUR 2.6 million) in SG&A costs.

During 2013, we recorded depreciation charges of EUR 197.1 million (2012: EUR 179.3 million; 2011: EUR 158.0 million) of which we recorded EUR 144.1 million (2012: EUR 147.7 million; 2011: EUR 117.7 million) in cost of sales, EUR 35.0 million (2012 EUR 15.3 million; 2011: EUR 24.9 million) in R&D costs and EUR 18.0 million (2012: EUR 16.3 million; 2011: EUR 15.4 million) in SG&A costs.

Variable Interest Entity

The carrying amount of land, buildings and constructions includes an amount of EUR 30.9 million (2012: EUR 32.4 million) relating to our headquarters in Veldhoven, the Netherlands, which is owned by Koppelenweg II B.V., a “VIE”.

As of 2003, we are leasing the Veldhoven headquarters for a period of 15 years (starting in 2003) from an entity (“lessor”) that was incorporated by the VIE Shareholders. The lessor’s shareholders’ equity amounts to EUR 1.9 million and has not changed since 2003.

The VIE shareholders each granted a loan of EUR 11.6 million and a fourth bank granted a loan of EUR 12.3 million (EUR 47.1 million in total) to the parent of the lessor. ASML provided the parent of the lessor with a subordinated loan of EUR 5.4 million and has a purchase option that is exercisable either at the end of the lease in 2018, at a price of EUR 24.5 million, or during the lease at a price equal to the book value of the assets. The total assets of the lessor entity amounted to EUR 54.5 million at inception of the lease. The entity is determined to be a VIE because the equity investors do not have sufficient equity at risk for the legal entity to finance its activities without sufficient additional subordinated support.

The primary purpose for which the VIE was created was to provide ASML with use of the building for 15 years, where ASML does not retain substantially all the risks and rewards from changes in value of the building. The main activities of the entity are to rent, re-market and ultimately sell the building that is owned by the VIE. The economic performance of the VIE is most significantly impacted by the ability of the lessee (ASML) to exercise the purchase option at any time during the lease term, and thus we could potentially benefit from increases in the fair value of the building.

While the debt holders have an interest, and may absorb losses, and the equity holders have an interest and may receive benefits, they do not have the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and therefore, cannot be the primary beneficiary. Through the pre-determined price of the call option ASML has the power over the VIE, therefore only ASML meets both the power and losses/benefit criterion and consolidates the VIE.

 

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13. Accrued and Other Liabilities

Accrued and other liabilities consist of the following:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

Deferred revenue

     939,358         739,136   

Costs to be paid

     440,010         278,066   

Down payments from customers

     821,959         1,033,768   

Personnel related items

     247,246         200,670   

Derivative financial instruments

     11,652         10,893   

Standard warranty reserve

     27,475         21,626   

Other

     12,324         1,352   

 

 

Accrued and other liabilities

     2,500,024         2,285,511   

Less: non-current portion of accrued and other liabilities1

     283,142         405,141   

 

 

Current portion of accrued and other liabilities

 

                 2,216,882                     1,880,370   

 

1 The main part of the non-current portion of accrued and other liabilities relates to down payments received from customers regarding future shipments of EUV systems and deferrals with respect to services.

The increase in accrued and other liabilities mainly relates to the increase in deferred revenue and costs to be paid, partly offset by the decrease in down payments from customers.

Deferred revenue as of December 31, 2013 mainly consists of award credits regarding free or discounted products or services as part of volume purchase agreements amounting to EUR 660.1 million (2012: EUR 581.5 million) and prepaid extended and enhanced (optic) warranty contracts amounting to EUR 261.2 million (2012: EUR 242.2 million). In addition, the deferred revenue also includes deferrals with respect to our first third-generation EUV system, NXE:3300B.

Costs to be paid include an amount of EUR 171.2 million relating to the expected losses to upgrade the first 11 EUV sources in the field, which was assumed by ASML as a result of the acquisition of Cymer. In addition, costs to be paid include accrued cost for unbilled services provided by suppliers including contracted labor, outsourced services and consultancy.

We receive down payments from customers prior to shipment for systems included in ASML’s current product portfolio or systems currently under development.

Personnel related items mainly consist of accrued management bonuses, accrued profit sharing, accrued vacation days, accrued vacation allowance, accrued wage tax, social securities and accrued pension premiums.

Derivative financial instruments consist of the fair value of foreign currency contracts and the aggregate fair value of interest rate swaps which includes accrued interest, see Note 4.

Changes in standard warranty reserve for the years 2013 and 2012 are as follows:

 

     
(in thousands)   

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Balance, January 1

     21,626         43,273   

Acquisitions through business combinations

     2,978         -   

Additions for the year

     37,124         35,735   

Utilization of the reserve

                 (19,924)                     (33,746)   

Release of the reserve

     (13,076)         (22,733)   

Effect of exchange rates

     (1,253)         (903)   

 

 

Standard warranty reserve

 

     27,475         21,626   

The release of the reserve is due to a change in accounting estimate based on lower than expected historical warranty expenses as a result of an improved learning-curve concerning our systems. The release has been included in cost of sales.

 

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14. Provisions

The movement in the provision for lease contract termination costs is as follows:

 

     
(in thousands)   

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

Balance, January 1

                         10,254                             12,338   

Utilization of the provision

     (2,790)         (2,545)   

Release of the provision

     (1,011)         -   

Unwinding of discount

     391         628   

Effect of exchange rates

     3         (167)   

 

 

Provision for lease contract termination costs

     6,847         10,254   

Less: current portion of provision for lease contract termination costs

     2,227         2,280   

 

 

Non-current portion of provision for lease contract termination costs

 

     4,620         7,974   

The provision for lease contract termination costs relates to an operating lease contract for a building for which no economic benefits are expected. The provision for lease contract termination costs is expected to be fully utilized by 2017.

15. Long-term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017, carrying amount

                     270,339                         710,095   

EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023, carrying amount

     751,591         -   

Loan headquarter building1

     30,936         32,366   

Other

     21,704         17,029   

 

 

Long-term debt

     1,074,570         759,490   

Less: current portion of long-term debt

     4,385         3,610   

 

 

Non-current portion of long-term debt

 

     1,070,185         755,880   

 

1 This loan relates to our VIE, see Note 12.

Our obligations to make principal repayments under our Eurobonds and other borrowing arrangements excluding interest expense as of December 31, 2013, for the next five years and thereafter, are as follows:

 

   
(in thousands)    EUR  

 

 

2014

     4,385   

2015

     4,252   

2016

     4,211   

2017

                     242,361   

2018

     27,997   

Thereafter

     757,467   

 

 

Long-term debt

     1,040,673   

Less: current portion of long-term debt

     4,385   

 

 

Non-current portion of long-term debt

 

     1,036,288   

Eurobonds

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of our outstanding Eurobonds, including the fair value of interest rate swaps used to hedge the change in the fair value of the Eurobonds:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Amortized cost amount

     981,291         600,000   

Fair value interest rate swaps1

     40,639         110,095   

 

 

Carrying amount

 

     1,021,930         710,095   

 

1 The fair value of the interest rate swaps excludes accrued interest.

 

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In June 2007, we completed an offering of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017, with interest payable annually on June 13. The notes are redeemable at the option of ASML, in whole or in part, at any time by paying a make whole premium, and unless previously redeemed, will be redeemed at 100 percent of their principal amount on June 13, 2017. In September 2013, we repurchased a nominal amount of EUR 361.8 million of these notes in a tender offer for a cash amount of EUR 423.0 million including accrued interest.

In September 2013, we completed an offering of our EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023, with interest payable annually on September 19. The notes are redeemable at the option of ASML, in whole or in part, at any time by paying a make whole premium, and unless previously redeemed, will be redeemed at 100 percent of their principal amount on September 19, 2023.

The Eurobonds serve as hedged items in fair value hedge relationships in which we hedge the variability of changes in the fair value of our Eurobonds due to changes in market interest rates with interest rate swaps. The fair value changes of these interest rate swaps are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets under derivative financial instruments (within other current assets and other non-current assets) and the carrying amount of the Eurobonds is adjusted for these fair value changes only. Following the repurchase of part of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017, the corresponding part of the interest rate swaps has been terminated, simultaneously.

The following table summarizes amongst others the estimated fair value of the Eurobonds:

 

     

As of December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Principal amount

     988,153         600,000   

Carrying amount

     1,021,930         710,095   

Fair value1

 

     1,028,238         700,644   

 

1 Source: Bloomberg Finance LP

The fair value of our Eurobonds is estimated based on quoted market prices as of December 31, 2013. Due to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads since the issue of our Eurobonds which carry a fixed coupon interest rate, the fair value deviates from the principal amount.

16. Lines of Credit

Our available credit facilities amount to EUR 700.0 million as of December 31, 2013 and EUR 500.0 million as of December 31, 2012. No amounts were outstanding under these credit facilities at the end of 2013 and 2012.

The amount at December 31, 2013 consists of one EUR 700 million committed revolving credit facility from a group of banks that will mature in 2018. This credit facility replaced our EUR 500 million committed revolving credit facility that was due to expire in May 2015 and that we, in line with our financing policy, cancelled in March 2013. The new credit facility contains a similar restrictive covenant as the credit facility it replaced and that requires us to maintain a minimum long-term committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40.0 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. Long-term committed capital contains, among others, shareholders’ equity and debt maturing at least one year after the maturity date of the credit facility, while net total assets mainly comprises of total assets minus cash, cash equivalents and certain short-term investments. Furthermore, adjustments are made for e.g. intangibles and operating leases. As of December 31, 2013 this ratio was 89.6 percent. Therefore, we are in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2013. Outstanding amounts under this credit facility will bear interest at EURIBOR or LIBOR plus a margin that depends on our liquidity position.

The amount at December 31, 2012, consisted of one EUR 500 million committed revolving credit facility from a group of banks that we cancelled in March 2013. The credit facility contained a restrictive covenant that required us to maintain a minimum committed capital to net total assets ratio of 40.0 percent calculated in accordance with contractually agreed definitions. As of December 31, 2012, this ratio was 85.8 percent. Therefore, we were in compliance with the covenant at the end of 2012.

 

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17. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees

We have various contractual obligations, some of which are required to be recorded as liabilities in our Financial Statements, including long- and short-term debt. Other contractual obligations, namely operating lease commitments, purchase obligations and guarantees, are generally not required to be recognized as liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheets but are required to be disclosed.

Our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2013 can be summarized as follows:

 

               

Payments due by period

(in thousands)

  

Total

EUR

    

1 year

EUR

    

2 year

EUR

    

3 year

EUR

    

4 year

EUR

    

5 year

EUR

    

After

5 years

EUR

 

 

 

Long-Term Debt Obligations, including interest expense1

     1,341,380         45,079         44,952         44,907         275,640                     54,155                     876,647   

Operating Lease Obligations

     74,946         30,293         21,543         14,081         4,803         2,539         1,687   

Purchase Obligations

             2,012,913                 1,894,455                     85,548                     16,223                     13,772         2,382         533   

Unrecognized Tax Benefits,

including interest expense

     74,069         580         945         7,680         26,105         785         37,974   

 

 

Total Contractual Obligations

 

     3,503,308         1,970,407         152,988         82,891         320,320         59,861         916,841   

 

1 See Note 15 for the amounts excluding interest expenses.

Long-term debt obligations mainly relate to interest payments and the principal amount of our Eurobonds. See Note 15.

Operating lease obligations include leases of equipment and facilities. Lease payments recognized as an expense were EUR 42.0 million, EUR 41.6 million and EUR 40.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Several operating leases for our buildings contain purchase options, exercisable at the end of the lease, and in some cases, during the term of the lease. The amounts to be paid if ASML would exercise these purchase options at the end of the lease as of December 31, 2013 can be summarized as follows:

 

               

Purchase options

due by period

(in thousands)

  

Total

EUR

    

1 year

EUR

    

2 year

EUR

    

3 year

EUR

    

4 year

EUR

    

5 year

EUR

    

After

5 years

EUR

 

 

 

Purchase options

 

     13,983         -         -         13,983         -         -         -   

Purchase obligations include purchase commitments with suppliers in the ordinary course of business. ASML expects that it will honor these purchase obligations to fulfill future sales, in line with the timing of those future sales. The general terms and conditions of the agreements relating to the major part of our purchase commitments as of December 31, 2013 contain clauses that enables us to delay or cancel delivery of ordered goods and services up to the dates specified in the corresponding purchase contracts. These terms and conditions that we have agreed with our supply chain partners gives us additional flexibility to adapt our purchase obligations to our requirements in light of the inherent cyclicality of the semiconductor equipment industry in which we operate. We establish a provision for cancellation fees when it is probable that the liability has been incurred and the amount of cancellation fees is reasonably estimable.

18. Employee Benefits

Our bonus expenses for the Board of Management (including Mr. Nickl and Mr. Meurice) and senior management were as follows:

 

       

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

    

2011

EUR

 

 

 

Bonus expenses

 

     32,698         16,474         15,557   

Bonus expenses include an amount of EUR 2.1 million (2012: EUR 1.8 million; 2011: EUR 1.7 million) in relation to the STI cash bonus for our Board of Management, Mr. Nickl and Mr. Meurice.

 

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We have a performance related bonus plan for senior management, who are not members of the Board of Management. Under this plan, the bonus amount is dependent on actual performance against corporate, departmental and personal targets. Within ASML the bonus for members of senior management can range between 0.0 percent and 40.0 percent, or 0.0 percent and 70.0 percent, of their annual salaries, depending upon their seniority. The performance targets are set for each half year. The bonus over the first half of 2013 was paid in the second half of 2013. The bonus over the second half of 2013 is accrued for in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2014. As a result of the acquisition of Cymer, we assumed all existing bonus plans eligible to Cymer employees. Within Cymer bonuses can range between 0.0 percent and 150.0 percent, or 0.0 percent and 200.0 percent of the relevant employee’s annual salary, depending upon such employee’s seniority and respective division. The performance targets are set for a whole year. The bonus over 2013 is accrued for in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and is expected to be paid in the first quarter of 2014.

Our bonus costs under these plans were as follows:

 

       

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

    

2012

EUR

    

2011

EUR

 

 

 

Bonus expenses

 

     30,631         14,588         13,131   

The increase in bonus costs in 2013 compared to 2012 is mainly attributable to the acquisition of Cymer.

Profit-sharing Plan

We have a profit-sharing plan covering all European and US non-sales employees who are not members of the Board of Management or senior management. Under the plan, eligible employees receive an annual profit-sharing, based on a percentage of net income relative to sales ranging from 0.0 to 20.0 percent of their annual salary. The profit sharing for the years 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 14.0 percent or EUR 55.9 million, 18.0 percent or EUR 64.5 million and 20.0 percent or EUR 64.0 million, respectively. Our profit is also one of the criteria for the individual variable pay programs for employees in Asia and employees eligible to the sales reward plan which amount to EUR 25.8 million for 2013 (including EUR 2.3 million for the sales reward plan), EUR 24.4 million for 2012 and EUR 23.2 million for 2011.

Share-based Compensation

We have adopted various share (option) plans for our employees. Each year, the Board of Management determines, by category of our personnel, the total available number of stock options and maximum number of shares that can be granted in that year. The determination is subject to the approval of our Supervisory Board. For members of the Board of Management, we have separate share-based payment plans, for details on service and vesting conditions see below. Our current share-based payment plans do not provide cash settlement of options and shares.

The total gross amount of recognized compensation expenses associated with share-based payments (including share-based payments to the Board of Management) was EUR 52.4 million in 2013, EUR 18.7 million in 2012 and EUR 12.4 million in 2011. Compensation expenses in 2013 included EUR 25.2 million relating to incurred post-acquisition expenses for share-based compensation awards exchanged as part of the acquisition of Cymer, see Note 2. Details concerning the share (option) plans which have been adopted by ASML as part of the Cymer acquisition are included in the tables below. The tax benefit recognized related to the recognized share-based compensation costs amounts to EUR 10.7 million in 2013, EUR 0.9 million in 2012 and EUR 0.5 million in 2011.

Total compensation costs related to non-vested awards to be recognized in future periods amount to EUR 78.9 million as per December 31, 2013 (2012: EUR 30.4 million; 2011: EUR 23.3 million). The weighted average period over which these costs are expected to be recognized is calculated at 1.6 years (2012: 2.0 years; 2011: 1.9 years).

Option Plans

Options granted under our stock option plans have fixed exercise prices equal to the closing price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam or our shares listed at NASDAQ on the applicable grant-dates. Granted stock options generally vest over a three-year period with any unexercised stock options expiring ten years after the grant-date.

We have five different stock option plans:

 

Employee plan

 

Option purchase plan

 

Brion stock option plan

 

Cymer stock option plan

 

Senior management plan (already vested)

 

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The Option purchase plan has no service and vesting conditions. The other plans typically have a three to four year service condition. The fair value of the stock options is determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model.

The Black-Scholes option valuation of our stock options is based on the following assumptions:

 

 

Year ended December 31

     2013        2012        2011  

 

 

Weighted average share price (in EUR)

       62.0           40.3           28.0   

Volatility (in percentage)

       27.0           25.6           37.8   

Expected life (in years)

       5.6           5.0           4.8   

Risk free interest rate

       0.8           2.1           2.9   

Expected dividend yield (in EUR)

       2.00           1.45           1.25   

Forfeiture rate1

       -           -           -   
                                  

 

1 As of year end for each of the three years ended December 31, forfeitures are estimated to be nil.

When establishing the expected life assumption we annually take into account the contractual terms of the stock options as well as historical employee exercise behavior.

Other details with respect to stock options are set out in the following table:

 

     

 

EUR-denominated

       USD-denominated  
Year ended December 31    2013      2012      2011        2013      2012      2011  

 

 

Weighted average fair value of stock options granted

     14.22         8.97         8.28           21.74         11.87         10.42   

Weighted average share price at the exercise date of stock options

     59.53         40.45         29.39           77.25         50.88         41.94   

Aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised (in thousands)

     15,924         71,331         30,204           11,086         12,684         11,323   

Aggregate remaining contractual term of currently exercisable options (years)

     3.09         3.59         2.08           3.12         3.17         1.80   

Aggregate intrinsic value of exercisable stock options (in thousands)

     37,441         34,438         39,384           22,781         21,882         20,492   

Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding stock options (in thousands)

     38,718         35,671         45,141           25,369         22,433         20,791   
                                                         

The number and weighted average exercise prices of stock options as of December 31, 2013, and changes during the year then ended are presented below:

 

     

 

  EUR-denominated

       USD-denominated  
    

Number

of options

    

Weighted average

exercise price

per ordinary
share (EUR)

     Number
of options
   

Weighted average

exercise price

per ordinary
share (USD)

 

 

 

Outstanding, January 1, 2013

     1,128,162         16.38         494,836        19.06   

Granted

     28,308         58.35         101,400 1      60.86   

Exercised

     (358,581)         15.12         (178,374)        14.86   

Forfeited

     (4,234)         20.27         (7,311)        23.81   

Expired

     (11,353)         10.11         (3,916)        11.33   

 

 

Outstanding, December 31, 2013

     782,302         18.55         406,635        31.31   

Exercisable, December 31, 2013

     731,452         16.85         325,026        23.61   
                                    

 

1 USD-denominated grants include 79,153 options with a weighted average exercise price of USD 53.07 which have been assumed by ASML as part of the acquisition of Cymer.

 

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Details with respect to the stock options outstanding are set out in the following table:

 

 

EUR-denominated

     USD-denominated  

Range of

exercise

prices (EUR)

    

Number of

outstanding

options at
December 31, 2013

    

Weighted

average

remaining
contractual life
of outstanding
options (years)

    

Range of

exercise

prices (USD)

    

Number of

outstanding

options at
December 31, 2013

    

Weighted

average

remaining
contractual life
of outstanding
options (years)

 

 

 

 
  0 -10         -         -         0 - 10         20,560         1.97   
  10 -15         380,681         2.36         10 - 15         133,117         0.90   
  15 - 20         185,086         3.11         15 - 20         4,311         4.80   
  20 - 25         141,192         4.05         20 - 25         80,019         3.92   
  25 - 40         24,843         7.76         25 - 40         93,456         5.72   
  40 - 50         25,256         8.80         40 - 50         1,468         7.70   
  50 - 60         6,156         9.17         50 - 60         9,540         8.71   
  60 - 70         19,088         9.76         60 - 70         1,383         9.07   
  70 - 80         -         -         70 - 80         43,993         9.14   
  80 - 90         -         -         80 - 90         18,788         9.78   

 

 

 
  Total         782,302         3.46         Total         406,635         4.23   
                                                  

In 2013, 2012 and 2011, only repurchased shares were used to satisfy the option rights upon exercise. For more information with respect to repurchased shares we refer to Note 27.

Share Plans

Shares granted under our share plans include a three to four year service period and for some plans performance conditions. The fair value of shares is determined based on the closing trading price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam on the grant date.

We have eight different share plans:

 

Employee plan

 

Cymer employee plan

 

Share purchase plan

 

New hire performance share plan

 

Brion performance share plan

 

Cymer performance share plan

 

Senior management performance share plan

 

Board of management performance share plan

The Share purchase plan has no service and vesting conditions. The employee plans only have service conditions. The other plans have service conditions which are similar and have vesting conditions which are based on performance.

Details with respect to shares are set out in the following table:

 

     

 

EUR-denominated

       USD-denominated  
Year ended December 31    2013      2012      2011        2013      2012      2011  

 

 

Total fair value at vesting date of shares vested during the year (in thousands)

     38,280         16,179         9,155           51,798         5,392         1,956   

Weighted average fair value of shares granted

     55.83         36.15         28.09           83.58         47.71         39.00   
                                                         

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-35   


Table of Contents

A summary of the status of conditionally outstanding shares as of December 31, 2013, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2013, is presented below:

 

     

 

EUR-denominated

     USD-denominated  
    

Number of

shares

     Weighted
average
fair value at grant
date (EUR)
    

Number of

shares

    Weighted
average
fair value at grant
date (USD)
 

 

 

Conditional shares outstanding at January 1, 2013

     1,693,610         29.92         249,094        40.71   

Granted

     548,786         55.83         1,852,320 1      83.58   

Vested/Issued

     (635,753)         26.94         (628,802)        76.12   

Forfeited

     (62,311)         33.40         (92,292)        78.94   

 

 

Conditional shares outstanding at December 31, 2013

     1,544,332         40.21         1,380,320        79.55   
                                    

 

1 USD-denominated grants include 1,634,990 shares with a weighted average fair value of USD 83.94 which have been assumed by ASML as part of the acquisition of Cymer.

Other Plans

Employee Purchase Plan

Every quarter, we offer our worldwide payroll employees the opportunity to buy our shares or our stock options against fair value out of their net salary. The fair value for shares is determined based on the closing price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam on the grant-date. The fair value of the stock options is determined using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. For the assumptions on which the Black-Scholes option valuation model is used, see the disclosure above under the caption “Option Plans”. The maximum net amount for which employees can participate in the plan amounts to 10.0 percent of gross base salary. When employees retain the shares and/or stock options for a minimum of 12 months, we will pay out a 20.0 percent cash bonus on the net invested amount.

Deferred Compensation Plans

In July 2002, we adopted a non-qualified deferred compensation plan for our United States employees that allows a select group of management or highly compensated employees to defer a portion of their salary, bonus, and commissions. The plan allows us to credit additional amounts to the participants’ account balances. The participants divide their funds among the investments available in the plan. Participants elect to receive their funds in future periods after the earlier of their employment termination or their withdrawal election, at least three years after deferral. There were minor expenses relating to this plan in 2013, 2012 and 2011. Cymer has a similar non-qualified deferred compensation plan for a selected group of management level employees in the United States in which the employee may elect to defer receipt of current compensation from us in order to provide retirement and other benefits on behalf of such employee backed by Cymer owned life insurance policies.

As of December 31, 2013, and 2012, our liability under deferred compensation plans was EUR 23.5 million and EUR 11.8 million, respectively.

Pension Plans

We maintain various pension plans covering substantially all of our employees. Our employees in the Netherlands, 5,525 FTEs, participate in a multi-employer union plan (PME) determined in accordance with the collective bargaining agreements effective for the industry in which we operate. This collective bargaining agreement has no expiration date. This multi-employer union plan covers approximately 1,296 companies and approximately 146,000 contributing members. Our contribution to the multi-employer union plan is less than 5.0 percent of the total contribution to the plan as per the annual report for the year ended December 31, 2012. The plan monitors its risks on a global basis, not by company or employee, and is subject to regulation by Dutch governmental authorities. By law (the Dutch Pension Act), a multi-employer union plan must be monitored against specific criteria, including the coverage ratio of the plan’s assets to its obligations. This coverage ratio must exceed 104.3 percent for the total plan. Every company participating in a Dutch multi-employer union plan contributes a premium calculated as a percentage of its total pensionable salaries, with each company subject to the same percentage contribution rate. The premium can fluctuate yearly based on the coverage ratio of the multi-employer union plan. The pension rights of each employee are based upon the employee’s average salary during employment.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-36   


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In 2009, because of a low coverage ratio, PME prepared and executed a so-called “Recovery Plan” which was approved by De Nederlandsche Bank. Under the terms of the recovery plan, which terminated at the end of 2013, a minimal coverage percentage of 104.3 percent was required. The coverage percentage of the multi-employer union plan increased to 103.4 percent as of December 31, 2013 (December 31, 2012: 93.9 percent), which is below the requirements as set out in the recovery plan. However we have no obligation whatsoever to pay off any deficits the pension fund may incur, nor have we any claim to any potential surpluses. The coverage percentage is calculated by dividing the funds capital by the total sum of pension liabilities and is based on actual market interest. In 2014 the pension premium percentage will increase from 24.0 to 24.1.

Our net periodic pension cost for this multi-employer union plan for any period is the amount of the required contribution for that period.

We also participate in several defined contribution pension plans, with our expenses for these plans equaling the contributions made in the relevant period.

Our pension and retirement expenses for all employees for the three years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 were:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

     2013
EUR
       2012
EUR
       2011
EUR
 

 

 

Pension plan based on multi-employer union plan

       40,476           34,525           31,819   

Pension plans based on defined contribution

       19,799           15,773           14,128   

 

 

Pension and retirement expenses

       60,275           50,298           45,947   
                                  

19. Legal Contingencies

ASML is party to various legal proceedings generally incidental to our business. ASML also faces exposures from other actual or potential claims and legal proceedings. In addition, ASML’s customers may be subject to claims of infringement from third parties alleging that the ASML equipment used by those customers in the manufacture of semiconductor products, and/or the methods relating to use of the ASML equipment, infringes one or more patents issued to those third parties. If these claims were successful, ASML could be required to indemnify such customers for some or all of the losses incurred or damages assessed against them as a result of that infringement.

We accrue for legal costs related to litigation in our Consolidated Statements of Operations at the time when the related legal services are actually provided to ASML. In 2013, EUR 3.2 million estimated losses were recorded as a charge to our Consolidated Statements of Operations (2012 and 2011: no estimated losses were recorded).

From late 2001 through 2004, ASML was party to a series of civil litigations and administrative proceedings in which Nikon alleged ASML’s infringement of Nikon patents relating to lithography. ASML in turn filed claims against Nikon. Pursuant to agreements executed on December 10, 2004, ASML and Nikon agreed to settle all pending worldwide patent litigation between the companies. The settlement included an exchange of releases, a patent Cross-License agreement related to lithography equipment used to manufacture semiconductor devices and payments to Nikon by ASML. Beginning on January 1, 2015, the parties may bring suit for infringement of patents subject to the Nikon Cross-License Agreement, including any infringement that occurred during the Cross-License Transition Period. Damages resulting from claims for patent infringement occurring during the Cross-License Transition Period are limited to three percent of the net sales price of products found to infringe valid and enforceable patents.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-37   


Table of Contents

20. Income Taxes

The components of the provision for income taxes are as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

     2013
EUR
       2012
EUR
      

2011

EUR

 

 

 

Current tax

       (52,753)           (79,255)           (129,127)   

Deferred tax

       44,766           74,993           (52,548)   

 

 

Provision for income taxes

       (7,987)           (4,262)           (181,675)   
                                  

The Dutch statutory tax rate was 25.0 percent in 2013, 2012 and 2011. Tax amounts in other jurisdictions are calculated at the rates prevailing in the relevant jurisdictions.

The reconciliation of the provision for income taxes is as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

  

2013

EUR

       %     

2012

EUR

       %     

2011

EUR

       %  

 

 

Income before income taxes

     1,023,477           100.0         1,150,578           100.0         1,648,635           100.0   

Income tax provision based on ASML’s domestic rate

     (255,869)           25.0         (287,644)           25.0         (412,159)           25.0   

Effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions

     23,459           (2.3)         9,786           (0.9)         20,663           (1.3)   

Adjustments in respect of tax exempt income

     29,430           (2.9)         23,532           (2.0)         19,134           (1.2)   

Adjustments in respect of tax incentives

     120,751           (11.7)         143,160           (12.4)         180,096           (10.9)   

Adjustments in respect of prior years’ current taxes

     5,155           (0.5)         18,275           (1.6)         9,097           (0.6)   

Adjustments in respect of prior years’ deferred taxes

     16,164           (1.6)         -           -         -           -   

Movements in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits

     (7,588)           0.7         95,465           (8.3)         6,634           (0.4)   

Adjustment in respect of non-taxable pre-existing relationship

     67,730           (6.6)         -           -         -           -   

Other credits and non-taxable items

     (7,219)           0.7         (6,836)           0.6         (5,140)           0.4   

 

 

Provision for income taxes

     (7,987)           0.8         (4,262)           0.4         (181,675)           11.0   
                                                             

Income Tax Provision Based on ASML’s Domestic Rate

The provision for income taxes based on ASML’s domestic rate is based on the Dutch statutory income tax rate. It reflects the provision for income taxes that would have been applicable assuming that all of our income is taxable against the Dutch statutory tax rate and there were no permanent differences between taxable base and financial results and no Dutch tax incentives are applied.

Effects of Tax Rates in Foreign Jurisdictions

A portion of ASML’s results are realized in countries other than the Netherlands where different tax rates are applicable. The increase of the effects of tax rates in foreign jurisdictions compared to 2012 is mainly explained by a shift in the mix of taxable income across tax jurisdictions as a result of the acquisition of Cymer as per May 30, 2013.

Adjustments in Respect of Tax Exempt Income

In certain jurisdictions part of the income generated is tax exempted.

Adjustments in Respect of Tax Incentives

Adjustments in respect of tax incentives relate to reduced tax rates in several jurisdictions, mainly consisting of the Dutch “Innovation Box” and the RDA. The Innovation box is a facility under Dutch corporate tax law pursuant to which income associated with R&D is partially exempted from taxation. The RDA is a tax incentive in which an additional tax depreciation is allowed for tangible assets utilized for research and development purposes.

Adjustments in Respect of Prior Years’ Current Taxes

In 2012, we recognized a tax benefit of EUR 18.3 million or 1.6 percent of income before taxes mainly attributable to the application of tax exemptions for prior years, which had a favorable effect on the effective tax rate for 2012.

Adjustments in Respect of Prior Years’ Deferred Taxes

In 2013, we recognized a tax benefit of EUR 16.2 million as result of a partly release of a valuation allowance for NID credits or NID stock to the extend we expect future taxable profits to realize these NID credits before expiration of those credits.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-38   


Table of Contents

Movements in the Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits

In 2012, the effective tax rate was impacted by a tax benefit of EUR 95.5 million or 8.3 percent of income before income taxes mainly as a result of the successful conclusion of tax audits in different jurisdictions (EUR 92.5 million) whereas the movement in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits in 2013 is considered to be limited.

Adjustments in Respect of Non-Taxable Pre-Existing Relationships

In 2013 the effective tax rate was impacted by the settlement gain recognized as a result of the effectively settled pre-existing relationships related to the acquisition of Cymer (see Note 2) as this gain does not represent a taxable item for income tax purposes.

Other Credits and Non-taxable Items

Other credits and non-taxable items reflect the impact on statutory rates of permanent non-taxable items such as non-deductible taxes, non-deductible interest expense, and non-deductible meals and entertainment expenses, as well as the impact of (the reversal of) various tax credits on our provision for income taxes.

Income Taxes Recognized Directly in Shareholders’ Equity

Income taxes recognized directly in shareholders’ equity (including OCI) are as follows:

 

 

Income tax recognized in shareholders’ equity

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

      

2011

EUR

 

 

 

Current tax

              

Derivative financial instruments1

       (759)           (1,066)           6,257   

Tax (benefit) deficit from share-based payments

       (3,110)           (2,116)           11   

 

 

Total income tax recognized in shareholders’ equity

       (3,869)           (3,182)           6,268   
                                  

 

1 Recognized directly in OCI.

Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits and Deferred Taxes

The total deferred tax position and liability for unrecognized tax benefits recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are as follows:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Liability for unrecognized tax benefits

       (74,069)           (59,967)   

Deferred tax position

       (30,176)           114,527   

 

 

Total

       (104,245)           54,560   
                       

Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The calculation of our liability for unrecognized tax benefits involves uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Our estimate for the potential outcome of any uncertain tax issue is highly judgmental. We believe that we have adequately provided for uncertain tax positions. However, settlement of these uncertain tax positions in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Consistent with the provisions of ASC 740, as of December 31, 2013, ASML has a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of EUR 74.1 million (2012: EUR 60.0 million) which is classified as non-current deferred and other tax liabilities. The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits, if reversed, would have a favorable effect on our effective tax rate.

Expected interest and penalties related to income tax liabilities have been accrued for and are included in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits and in the provision for income taxes. The balance of accrued interest and penalties recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as per December 31, 2013 amounted to EUR 22.9 million (2012: EUR 21.4 million). Accrued interest and penalties recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Operations of 2013 amounted to a tax charge of EUR 4.1 million (2012: tax benefit of EUR 3.1 million; 2011: tax benefit of EUR 9.3 million).

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-39   


Table of Contents

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balance of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Balance, January 1

       59,967           155,432   

Gross increases – tax positions in prior period

       6,045           4,297   

Gross decreases – tax positions in prior period

       (2,025)           (92,521)   

Gross increases – tax positions in current period

       6,796           3,255   

Increase resulting from acquisition

       6,514           -   

Settlements

       (2,964)           -   

Lapse of statute of limitations

       (264)           (10,496)   

 

 

Total liability for unrecognized tax benefits

       74,069           59,967   
                       

For 2012, the gross decreases in tax positions in prior period mainly relates to the release of tax positions after successful conclusion of tax audits in different jurisdictions (EUR 92.5 million).

We believe our allowances for tax contingencies are appropriate. We estimate that the total liability for unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by EUR 0.6 million within the next 12 months. The estimated changes to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months are mainly due to expected settlements with tax authorities.

We are subject to tax audits in certain of our major tax jurisdictions, for years from and including 2011 onwards in Hong Kong, and for years from and including 2001 onwards in the United States. In the course of such audits, local tax authorities may challenge the positions taken by us.

Deferred Tax Position

The changes in deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following elements:

 

 

Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Balance, January 1

       114,527           137,946   

Acquisitions through business combinations

       (201,381)           -   

Consolidated Statements of Operations

       53,084           (20,242)   

Effect of changes in exchange rates

       3,594           (3,177)   

 

 

Balance, December 31

       (30,176)           114,527   
                       

The deferred tax position is classified in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:

 

 

As of December 31

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Deferred tax assets – current

       124,431           103,695   

Deferred tax assets – non-current

       139,513           39,443   

Total deferred tax assets

       263,944           143,138   

Deferred tax liabilities – current

       (3,494)           (271)   

Deferred tax liabilities – non-current

       (290,626)           (28,340)   

Total deferred tax liabilities

       (294,120)           (28,611)   

 

 

Total

       (30,176)           114,527   
                       

 

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Table of Contents

The composition of total deferred tax assets and liabilities in the Financial Statements is as follows:

 

 

Deferred tax assets composition

of temporary

differences

(in thousands)

    

January 1,

2013

EUR

      

Acquisitions

through

business

combinations

EUR

      

Consolidated

Statements of

Operations

EUR

      

 

Effect of

changes

in exchange

rates

EUR

      

December 31,

2013

EUR

 

 

 

Capitalized R&D expenditures

       27,403           -           5,882           (1,155)           32,130   

Inventories

       28,167           10,258           9,269           (1,033)           46,661   

Deferred revenue

       20,572           41,679           (43,035)           (2,807)           16,409   

Provisions

       21,528           7,148           17,960           (1,176)           45,460   

Installation and warranty reserve

       7,151           -           (174)           (275)           6,702   

Tax effect carry-forward losses

       5,557           754           61,551           (580)           67,282   

Fixed assets

       7,798           4,140           325           (478)           11,785   

Restructuring and impairment

       4,336           -           (791)           (184)           3,361   

Alternative minimum tax credits1

       5,227           -           1,349           (234)           6,342   

Share-based payments

       1,433           9,365           5,939           (586)           16,151   

Other temporary differences

       13,966           16,701           (14,487)           (4,519)           11,661   

 

 

Total2

       143,138           90,045           43,788           (13,027)           263,944   
                                                        

 

1 Alternative minimum tax credits relate to prepaid US taxes which are credited against future taxable profits after the carry-forward losses used.
2 Valuation allowances recognized in relation to deferred tax assets as at December 31, 2013 amounted to EUR 25.0 million (2012: EUR 30.5 million)

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities composition

of temporary

differences

(in thousands)

    

January 1,

2013

EUR

      

Acquisitions

through

business

combinations

EUR

      

Consolidated

Statements of

Operations

EUR

      

 

Effect of

changes

in exchange

rates

EUR

      

December 31,

2013

EUR

 

 

 

Intangible fixed assets

       -           (286,337)           8,730           15,702           (261,905)   

Fixed assets

       (25,890)           (4,786)           12,517           567           (17,592)   

Borrowing costs

       (1,958)           -           135           -           (1,823)   

Other temporary differences

       (763)           (303)           (12,086)           352           (12,800)   

 

 

Total

       (28,611)           (291,426)           9,296           16,621           (294,120)   
                                                        

 

 

Deferred tax assets composition

of temporary

differences

(in thousands)

    

January 1,

2012

EUR

      

Consolidated

Statements of

Operations

EUR

      

 

Effect of

changes

in exchange

rates

EUR

      

December 31,

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Capitalized R&D expenditures

       34,374           (6,465)           (506)           27,403   

Inventories

       35,820           (7,351)           (302)           28,167   

Deferred revenue

       23,892           (3,083)           (237)           20,572   

Provisions

       14,515           7,296           (283)           21,528   

Installation and warranty reserve

       8,772           (1,508)           (113)           7,151   

Tax effect carry-forward losses

       7,735           (2,219)           41           5,557   

Fixed assets

       6,495           1,454           (151)           7,798   

Restructuring and impairment

       5,146           (733)           (77)           4,336   

Alternative minimum tax credits1

       5,028           229           (30)           5,227   

Share-based payments

       950           516           (33)           1,433   

Other temporary differences

       16,728           (1,138)           (1,624)           13,966   

 

 

Total

       159,455           (13,002)           (3,315)           143,138   
                                             

 

1   Alternative minimum tax credits relate to prepaid US taxes which are credited against future taxable profits after the carry-forward losses used.

 

      

 

Deferred tax liabilities composition

of temporary

differences

(in thousands)

    

January 1,

2012

EUR

      

Consolidated

Statements of

Operations

EUR

      

 

Effect of

changes

in exchange

rates

EUR

      

December 31,

2012

EUR

 

 

 

Fixed assets

       (19,108)           (6,965)           183           (25,890)   

Borrowing costs

       (1,554)           (404)           -           (1,958)   

Other temporary differences

       (847)           129           (45)           (763)   

 

 

Total

       (21,509)           (7,240)           138           (28,611)   
                                             

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    F-41   


Table of Contents

Tax Effect Carry-forward Losses

Deferred tax assets from carry-forward losses result predominantly from net operating loss carry-forwards incurred in the United States and NID stock in Belgium.

Net operating losses qualifying as tax losses under United States federal tax laws were incurred during 2013. Net operating losses qualifying as tax losses under United States federal tax laws incurred by United States group companies can in general be offset against future profits realized in the 20 years following the year in which the losses are incurred.

Net operating losses qualified as tax losses under United States state tax laws incurred by United States group companies can in general be offset against future profits realized in the 5 to 20 years following the year in which the losses are incurred. The period of net operating loss carry forward for United States state tax purposes depends on the state in which the tax loss arose. Our ability to use United States state tax loss carry forwards in existence at December 31, 2013, is subject to varying state statutes (providing for periods of between 5 and 20 years) and valuation allowances have been set up for state carry forward losses that are not expected to be realized before they expire. The total amount of losses carried forward under United States federal tax laws as of December 31, 2013, is EUR 67.5 million tax basis or EUR 23.6 million tax effect. The total amount of losses carried forward under United States state tax laws as of December 31, 2013, is EUR 254.3 million tax basis or EUR 7.9 million tax effect.

NID stock in Belgium can generally be offset against future profits realized in the 7 years following the year in which the NID Stock occurs. The total amount of NID stock is EUR 47.6 million taxable base and EUR 16.2 million tax effect.

 

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21. Segment Disclosure

ASML has one reportable segment, for the development, production, marketing, sale and servicing of advanced semiconductor equipment systems exclusively consisting of lithography related systems. In prior years our CEO was identified as CODM. As a result of ASML’s change in leadership as announced on April 17, 2013, our CEO and CTO have been jointly identified as the CODM. Both the CEO and CTO review the operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance. The change in leadership did not result in a change in reportable segments compared to 2012.

Management reporting includes net system sales figures of new and used systems and includes sales per technology. Net system sales for new and used systems were as follows:

 

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

      

2011

EUR

 

 

 

New systems

       3,890,154           3,620,260           4,780,720   

Used systems

       102,975           181,372           103,193   

 

 

Net system sales

       3,993,129           3,801,632           4,883,913   

 

 

The increase in net system sales of EUR 191.5 million, or 5.0 percent, to EUR 3,993.1 million in 2013 from EUR 3,801.6 million in 2012 is mainly caused by an increased ASP which more than offsets the lower amount of systems sold.

Net system sales per technology was as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

     Net system sales
in units
       Net system sales
in EUR
 

 

 

2013

         

EUV

       1           60,100   

ArFi

       77           3,120,719   

ArF dry

       2           38,019   

KrF

       64           720,053   

l-line

       13           54,238   

 

 

Total

       157           3,993,129   

2012

         

EUV

       1           43,700   

ArFi

       72           2,715,221   

ArF dry

       4           81,428   

KrF

       78           908,244   

l-line

       15           53,039   

 

 

Total

       170           3,801,632   

2011

         

EUV

       3           119,300   

ArFi

       101           3,549,122   

ArF dry

       11           228,909   

KrF

       87           926,572   

l-line

       20           60,010   

 

 

Total

       222           4,883,913   

 

 

For geographical reporting, net sales are attributed to the geographic location in which the customers’ facilities are located. Long-lived assets are attributed to the geographic location in which these assets are located.

We have re-evaluated the risk and uncertainties associated with our geographic areas. This resulted in a definition change of “Long-lived assets” included in the geographical reporting disclosure. As of December 31, 2013 Long-lived assets only consist of Property, Plant and Equipment. We have adjusted our prior period amounts for comparability reasons. None of these changes impact our previously reported consolidated total net sales, gross profit, income from operations, net income or earnings per share.

 

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Net sales and long-lived assets (consisting of property, plant and equipment) by geographic region were as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

     Net sales
EUR
       Long-lived
assets
EUR
 

 

 

2013

         

Japan

       201,664           3,340   

Korea

       1,286,509           16,155   

Singapore

       139,313           1,109   

Taiwan

       2,221,426           48,427   

Rest of Asia

       478,234           3,742   

Netherlands

       11,525           969,192   

Rest of Europe

       187,030           2,600   

United States

       719,625           173,275   

 

 

Total

       5,245,326           1,217,840   

2012

         

Japan

       292,309           19,585   

Korea

       1,276,304           17,664   

Singapore

       98,554           968   

Taiwan

       1,479,768           50,372   

Rest of Asia

       197,262           2,073   

Netherlands

       -           869,736   

Rest of Europe

       256,192           1,571   

United States

       1,131,166           67,954   

 

 

Total

       4,731,555           1,029,923   

2011

         

Japan

       405,595           69,001   

Korea

       1,318,777           16,250   

Singapore

       436,308           1,167   

Taiwan

       1,146,601           46,418   

Rest of Asia

       450,796           1,496   

Netherlands

       -           851,612   

Rest of Europe

       505,129           1,198   

United States

       1,387,829           66,468   

 

 

Total

       5,651,035           1,053,610   

 

 

In 2013, net sales to the largest customer accounted for EUR 2,058.6 million, or 39.2 percent, of net sales (2012: EUR 1,236.1 million, or 26.1 percent, of net sales; 2011: EUR 1,311.7 million, or 23.2 percent, of net sales). Our three largest customers (based on net sales) accounted for EUR 861.4 million, or 73.3 percent, of accounts receivable and finance receivables at December 31, 2013, compared with EUR 535.1 million, or 58.9 percent, at December 31, 2012.

Substantially all of our sales were export sales in 2013, 2012 and 2011.

22. Selected Operating Expenses and Additional Information

Personnel expenses for all payroll employees were:

 

 

Year ended December 31

(in thousands)

    

2013

EUR

      

2012

EUR

      

2011

EUR

 

 

 

Wages and salaries

       835,563           711,039           648,869   

Social security expenses

       69,839           58,180           52,550   

Pension and retirement expenses

       60,275           50,298           45,947   

Share-based payments

       52,371           18,714           12,430   

 

 

Personnel expenses

       1,018,048           838,231           759,796   

 

 

The average number of payroll employees in FTEs during 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 9,540, 8,140 and 7,627, respectively.

 

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The total number of payroll and temporary employees in FTEs per sector was:

 

 

 

As of December 31

     2013        2012        2011  

 

 

Customer Support

       2,949           2,538           2,478   

SG&A

       1,098           869           723   

Industrial Engineering

       785           637           420   

Manufacturing & Logistics

       3,658           2,856           2,852   

R&D

       4,735           3,736           3,417   

Total employees (in FTEs)

       13,225           10,636           9,890   

 

 

Less: Temporary employees (in FTEs)

       2,865           2,139           1,935   

 

 

Payroll employees (in FTEs)

       10,360           8,497           7,955   

 

 

The average number of payroll employees in FTEs in our operations in the Netherlands during 2013, 2012 and 2011 was 5,112, 4,620 and 4,313, respectively.

23. Research and Development Costs

R&D costs (net of credits and excluding contributions under the NRE funding agreements from Participating Customers of the CCIP) increased by EUR 292.9 million, or 49.7 percent, to EUR 882.0 million in 2013 from EUR 589.1 million in 2012. R&D spending mainly increased due the additional investments in EUV source development as a result of the acquisition of Cymer and further investments in our other strategic programs (Immersion and holistic lithography).

R&D costs (net of credits) in 2012 (EUR 589.1 million) were in line with 2011 (EUR 590.3 million). R&D spending remained stable and mainly related to our strategic programs, in particular EUV, immersion and holistic lithography.

R&D costs include credits for an amount of EUR 16.0 million, EUR 17.9 million and EUR 25.1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011 respectively. R&D credits relate to worldwide (inter-)governmental funding for certain strategic development programs. The decrease in R&D credits is the result of a change in government programs from subsidy payments to fiscal incentives. These incentives lead to tax deductions in mainly Dutch and United States tax jurisdictions.

24. Interest and Other, Net

Interest and other income of EUR 9.2 million (2012: EUR 16.6 million and 2011: EUR 41.2 million) mainly relates to interest income on deposits, short-term investments, money market funds, bank accounts and on finance receivables.

Interest and other expense of EUR 33.6 million (2012: EUR 22.8 million and 2011: EUR 33.8 million) mainly consists of net interest expense on our Eurobonds and related interest rate swaps, interest on lease obligations and amortized financing costs of in total EUR 16.2 million (2012: EUR 10.8 million and 2011: EUR 14.2 million), and EUR 8.9 million loss on the partial extinguishment of our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 (2012 and 2011: EUR nil million).

Interest on cash pools is reported on a gross basis in the Consolidated Statements of Operations under both interest income and interest expense. From an economic and legal perspective, the interest on cash pools of EUR 1.9 million (2012: EUR 4.2 million and 2011: EUR 6.8 million) recorded in interest income nets off against the same amount recorded in interest expense.

25. Vulnerability Due to Certain Concentrations

ASML relies on outside vendors to manufacture the components and subassemblies used in its systems, each of which is obtained from a sole supplier or a limited number of suppliers. ASML’s reliance on a limited group of suppliers involves several risks, including a potential inability to obtain an adequate supply of required components and reduced control over pricing and timely delivery of these subassemblies and components. In particular, from time to time, the number of systems we are able to produce may be limited by the production capacity of Zeiss. Zeiss is currently our sole supplier of lenses, collectors, and other critical optical components and is capable of producing these items only in limited numbers and only through the use of its manufacturing and testing facility in Oberkochen and Wetzlar, Germany. During 2013, ASML’s production was not limited by the deliveries from Zeiss.

 

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26. Shareholders’ Equity

Share Capital

ASML’s authorized share capital amounts to EUR 126,000,000 and is divided into:

 

700,000,000 Cumulative Preference Shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.09 each;

 

699,999,000 Ordinary Shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.09 each; and

 

9,000 Ordinary Shares B with a nominal value of EUR 0.01 each.

Per December 31, 2013, 446,822,452 ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.09 each were issued and fully paid in, of which 5,970,118 ordinary shares are held by us in treasury. No ordinary shares B and no cumulative preference shares are issued.

Our Board of Management has the power to issue ordinary shares and cumulative preference shares insofar as the Board of Management has been authorized to do so by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association). The Board of Management requires approval of the Supervisory Board for such an issue. The authorization by the General Meeting can only be granted for a certain period not exceeding five years and may be extended for no longer than five years on each occasion. In case the General Meeting of Shareholders has not authorized the Board of Management to issue shares, the General Meeting of Shareholders shall have the power to issue shares upon the proposal of the Board of Management, provided that the Supervisory Board has approved such proposal.

Shares Issued as a Result of the Acquisition of Cymer

ASML and Cymer completed the merger pursuant to which ASML acquired Cymer on May 30, 2013. As a result of the merger, each share of Cymer common stock outstanding immediately prior to the completion of the merger was converted into the right to receive USD 20.00 in cash plus 1.1502 ASML ordinary shares. As per December 31, 2013, we issued 36,464,576 ordinary shares for an aggregate amount of EUR 2,346.7 million in relation to the acquisition of Cymer.

Synthetic Share Buyback

At the EGM held on September 7, 2012, several changes in the Articles of Association of ASML were adopted, in connection with the Synthetic Share Buyback effectuated in connection with the CCIP. Consequently, on November 24, 2012, the Articles of Association were amended as follows. Upon the first amendment the ordinary shares to be held for the benefit of the participants to the CCIP were converted into ordinary shares M and all other ordinary shares were converted into ordinary shares A. Upon the second amendment, the par value per ordinary share A was increased from EUR 0.09 to EUR 9.24 at the expense of the share premium reserve. Upon the third amendment, the nominal value per ordinary share A was reduced to an amount of EUR 0.06, by decreasing the nominal value per ordinary share A by an amount of EUR 9.18, which resulted in a repayment of the same amount per share to holders of ordinary shares into which the ordinary shares A were converted. The fourth amendment provided for the consolidation of the ordinary shares A through the exchange of each 100 ordinary shares for 77 ordinary shares, resulting in an increase of the nominal value per ordinary share from EUR 0.06 to EUR 0.09, whereby the aggregate difference was booked at the expense of the share premium reserve. The fifth and last amendment provided for the deletion of the share class M for participants to the CCIP and the share class A for the other shareholders. The ordinary shares M and A were converted thereafter into ordinary shares without a specific letter mark attached to it.

These amendments in substance constitute a Synthetic Share Buyback in which we effectively repurchased 93,411,216 shares at an average price of EUR 39.91 for a total amount of EUR 3,728.3 million. The difference of EUR 125.6 million between the capital repayment of EUR 3,728.3 million and the net proceeds from issuance of shares of EUR 3,853.9 million relates to the capital repayment on ASML’s treasury shares which was also part of the Synthetic Share Buyback.

Shares Issued in Customer Co-Investment Program

In connection with the CCIP, on September 12, 2012, we issued 62,977,877 ordinary shares to the Stichting that holds shares on behalf of Intel and 12,595,575 ordinary shares to the Stichting that holds shares on behalf of Samsung and on October 31, 2012, ASML issued 20,992,625 ordinary shares to the Stichting that holds shares on behalf of TSMC. We received an amount of EUR 3,853.9 million in relation to the shares issued under the CCIP. For further details on our CCIP see Note 28.

 

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Ordinary Shares

Each ordinary share consists of 900 fractional shares. Fractional shares entitle the holder thereof to a fractional dividend but do not entitle the holder thereof to voting rights. Only those persons who hold shares directly in the share register in the Netherlands, held by us at our address at 5504 DR Veldhoven, de Run 6501, the Netherlands, or in the New York share register, held by JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., P.O. Box 64506, St. Paul, MN 55164-0506, United States, can hold fractional shares. Persons who hold ordinary shares through the deposit system under the Dutch Securities Bank Giro Transactions Act (Wet giraal effectenverkeer; the “Giro Act”) maintained by the Dutch central securities depository Euroclear Nederland or through the DTC cannot hold fractional shares. An ordinary share entitles the holder thereof to cast nine votes in the General Meeting of Shareholders. At our AGM held on April 24, 2013, the Board of Management was authorized from April 24, 2013 through October 24, 2014, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, to issue shares and/or rights thereto representing up to a maximum of 5.0 percent of our issued share capital at April 24, 2013, plus an additional 5.0 percent of our issued share capital at April 24, 2013 that may be issued in connection with mergers, acquisitions and/or (strategic) alliances.

Holders of ASML’s ordinary shares have a preemptive right of subscription, in proportion to the aggregate nominal amount of the ordinary shares held by them, to any issuance of ordinary shares for cash, which right may be restricted or excluded. Ordinary shareholders have no pro rata preemptive right of subscription to any ordinary shares issued for consideration other than cash or ordinary shares issued to employees. If authorized for this purpose by the General Meeting of Shareholders (either by means of a resolution or by an amendment to our Articles of Association), the Board of Management has the power subject to approval of the Supervisory Board, to restrict or exclude the preemptive rights of holders of ordinary shares.

Ordinary Shares B

As part of the most recent changes in our Articles of Association, adopted at the EGM held on September 7, 2012, the 9,000 ordinary shares B with a nominal value of EUR 0.01 were introduced. A person who holds (a multiple of) 100 fractional shares, may exchange those fractional shares for an ordinary share B. Every holder of an ordinary share B is entitled to one-ninth (1/9) of a dividend. Each ordinary share B entitles the holder thereof to cast one vote at the General Meeting.

Cumulative Preference Shares

In 1998, we granted to the preference share Foundation, the Preference Share Option. This option was amended and extended in 2003 and 2007. A third amendment to the option agreement between the Foundation and ASML became effective on January 1, 2009, to clarify the procedure for the repurchase and cancellation of the preference shares when issued.

Per the amendment of our Articles of Association on May 6, 2011, the nominal value of the cumulative preference shares was increased to EUR 0.09. The number of cumulative preference shares included in the authorized share capital was decreased to 700,000,000. This was done to simplify the Articles of Association, and to give each share the right to cast one vote in the General Meeting of Shareholders.

The Foundation may exercise the Preference Share Option in situations where, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Foundation, ASML’s interests, ASML’s business or the interests of ASML’s stakeholders are at stake. This may be the case if a public bid for ASML’s shares has been announced or has been made, or the justified expectation exists that such a bid will be made without any agreement having been reached in relation to such a bid with ASML. The same may apply if one shareholder, or more shareholders acting in concert, hold a substantial percentage of ASML’s issued ordinary shares without making an offer or if, in the opinion of the Board of Directors of the Foundation, the (attempted) exercise of the voting rights by one shareholder or more shareholders, acting in concert, is materially in conflict with ASML’s interests, ASML’s business or ASML’s stakeholders.

The objectives of the Foundation are to look after the interests of ASML and of the enterprises maintained by ASML and of the companies which are affiliated in a group with ASML, in such a way that the interests of ASML, of those enterprises and of all parties concerned are safeguarded in the best possible way, and influences in conflict with these interests which might affect the independence or the identity of ASML and those companies are deterred to the best of the Foundation’s ability, and everything related to the above or possibly conducive thereto. The Foundation seeks to realize its objects by the acquiring and holding of cumulative preference shares in the capital of ASML and by exercising the rights attached to these shares, particularly the voting rights attached to these shares.

 

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The preference share option gives the Foundation the right to acquire a number of cumulative preference shares as the Foundation will require, provided that the aggregate nominal value of such number of cumulative preference shares shall not exceed the aggregate nominal value of the ordinary shares that have been issued at the time of exercise of the Preference Share Option for a subscription price equal to their nominal value. Only one-fourth of the subscription price is payable at the time of initial issuance of the cumulative preference shares, with the other three-fourths of the nominal value only being payable when we call up this amount. Exercise of the preference share option could effectively dilute the voting power of the outstanding ordinary shares by one-half.

Cancellation and repayment of the issued cumulative preference shares by ASML requires the authorization by the General Meeting of Shareholders of a proposal to do so by the Board of Management approved by the Supervisory Board. If the preference share option is exercised and as a result cumulative preference shares are issued, ASML, at the request of the Foundation, will initiate the repurchase or cancellation of all cumulative preference shares held by the Foundation. In that case ASML is obliged to effect the repurchase and cancellation respectively as soon as possible. A cancellation will have as a result a repayment of the amount paid and exemption from the obligation to pay up on the cumulative preference shares. A repurchase of the cumulative preference shares can only take place when such shares are fully paid up.

If the Foundation will not request ASML to repurchase or cancel all cumulative preference shares held by the Foundation within 20 months after issuance of these shares, we will be obliged to convene a General Meeting of Shareholders in order to decide on a repurchase or cancellation of these shares.

The Foundation is independent of ASML. The Board of Directors of the Foundation comprises four independent voting members from the Dutch business and academic communities. Former chairman Mr. A. Baan passed away on April 5, 2013 and was succeeded by Mr. H. Bodt. As of June 1, 2013, the members of the Board of Directors of the Foundation are: Mr. H. Bodt, Mr. M.W. den Boogert, Mr. J.M. de Jong and Mr. A.H. Lundqvist.

Dividend Proposal

As part of our financing policy, we aim to pay an annual dividend that will be stable or growing over time. Annually, the Board of Management will, upon prior approval from the Supervisory Board, submit a proposal to the AGM with respect to the amount of dividend to be declared with respect to the prior year. The dividend proposal in any given year will be subject to the availability of distributable profits or retained earnings and may be affected by, among other factors, the Board of Management’s views on our potential future liquidity requirements, including for investments in production capacity, the funding of our R&D programs and for acquisition opportunities that may arise from time to time; and by future changes in applicable income tax and corporate laws. Accordingly, it may be decided to propose not to pay a dividend or to pay a lower dividend with respect to any particular year in the future.

For 2013, a proposal to declare a dividend of EUR 0.61 per ordinary share of EUR 0.09 nominal value will be submitted to the AGM to be held on April 23, 2014.

27. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

In addition to dividend payments, we intend to return cash to our shareholders on a regular basis through share buybacks or capital repayment, subject to our actual and anticipated level of liquidity requirements, our current share price, other market conditions and other relevant factors.

On April 24, 2013, the AGM authorized the repurchase of up to a maximum of two times 10.0 percent of our issued share capital as of the date of authorization through October 24, 2014.

On April 17, 2013, we announced our intention to repurchase up to EUR 1.0 billion of our own shares within the 2013-2014 timeframe. During the period from April 18, 2013 up to and including December 31, 2013, we had purchased 4,614,179 of our shares for a total amount of EUR 300.0 million at an average price of EUR 65.02 per share. These shares are intended to be cancelled in 2014.

 

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The following table provides a summary of our repurchased shares in 2013:

 

 

Period     

Total

number

of shares

purchased

      

Average

price paid

per Share

(EUR)

      

Total number

of shares

purchased as

part of

publicly

announced plans

or programs

      

Maximum

value

of shares

that may yet

be purchased

under the program

(EUR)

 

 

 

April 18 - 30, 2013

       297,500           55.35           297,500           983,534,770   

May 2 - 31, 2013

       389,974           61.76           687,474           959,449,401   

June 1 - 30, 2013

       749,434           60.39           1,436,908           914,192,630   

July 1 - 31, 2013

       321,486           65.20           1,758,394           893,232,250   

August 1 - 31, 2013

       283,097           67.83           2,041,491           874,028,834   

September 1 - 30, 2013

       179,146           69.06           2,220,637           861,656,533   

October 3 - 31, 2013

       556,443           69.34           2,777,080           823,072,791   

November 1 - 30, 2013

       962,146           66.76           3,739,226           758,841,727   

December 1 - 31, 2013

       874,953           67.25           4,614,179           700,000,036   

Total

       4,614,179           65.02             

 

 

28. Customer Co-Investment Program

Overview

On July 9, 2012, we announced our CCIP to accelerate our development of EUV technology beyond the current generation and our development of future 450mm silicon wafer technology. The Participating Customers collectively agreed to fund EUR 1.38 billion of our research and development projects from 2013 through 2017. This program created risk sharing with some of our largest customers while the results of ASML’s development programs will be available to every semiconductor manufacturer with no restrictions. The R&D funding program in the CCIP consists of two funding projects: a 450mm technology development project and a next-generation EUV development project. ASML entered into NRE Funding Agreements with the Participating Customers.

In addition to the funding commitments described above, the Participating Customers have invested in ordinary shares equal, in aggregate, to 23 percent of ASML’s issued share capital (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). The proceeds of the share issuance, EUR 3.85 billion, were returned to the holders of ordinary shares (excluding the Participating Customers) through a Synthetic Share Buyback executed in November 2012. For further information regarding the Synthetic Share Buyback, see Note 26.

Description of Investment Agreements, Shareholder Agreements and NRE Funding Agreements

In connection with the CCIP, ASML entered into an investment agreement, a shareholder agreement and NRE funding agreements with each of the Participating Customers. Intel is the largest participant in the program, with an aggregate funding commitment of EUR 829 million and an investment in 15 percent of our ordinary shares (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). A description of the investment agreement, shareholders agreement and NRE funding agreements between ASML and Intel is set out below. The agreements between ASML and the other participants – TSMC (which acquired 5 percent of our shares and made an EUR 276 million funding commitment) and Samsung (which acquired 3 percent of our shares and made an EUR 276 million funding commitment) are on substantially the same terms as those agreed with Intel. Shares were acquired by Dutch foundations (“Stichtingen”) established for each participant.

Investment Agreements

Pursuant to the Intel Investment Agreement, dated July 9, 2012, ASML issued to Intel Stichting ordinary shares equal to 15 percent of the issued ordinary shares with simultaneous issuance by the Intel Stichting to Intel of the corresponding depositary receipts.

Pursuant to the TSMC Investment Agreement, dated August 5, 2012, ASML issued to TSMC Stichting ordinary shares equal to 5 percent of the issued ordinary shares with simultaneous issuance by the TSMC Stichting to TSMC of the corresponding depositary receipts.

Pursuant to the Samsung Investment Agreement, dated August 27, 2012 ASML issued to the Samsung Stichting ordinary shares equal to 3 percent of the issued ordinary shares with simultaneous issuance by the Samsung Stichting to Samsung of the corresponding depositary receipts.

 

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The subscription price for the ordinary shares under the Investment Agreements was EUR 39.91 per ordinary share, which is the average of the volume weighted average price of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam for the twenty trading days up to and including July 6, 2012.

Based upon the subscription price (EUR 39.91) included in the Investment Agreements, the equity participation of Intel (15 percent), TSMC (5 percent) and Samsung (3 percent) amount to EUR 2,513 million, EUR 838 million and EUR 503 million, respectively.

Under the Intel Investment Agreements, ASML has agreed to indemnify the Participating Customers and their affiliates for certain losses and expenses related to breaches of representations, warranties, covenants and agreements in the Investment Agreements and with respect to certain legal proceedings related thereto, subject to certain limitations.

Shareholder Agreements

In connection with the issuance of shares pursuant to the Intel Investment Agreement, on September 12, 2012 ASML, Intel and the Intel Stichting entered into a Shareholder Agreement which governs certain matters relating to the holding of and further investment by Intel in ordinary shares of ASML, directly and indirectly through the Intel Stichting, including the matters described below.

The Shareholder Agreements between ASML and the other program participants (TSMC and Samsung) are on substantially the same terms as those agreed with Intel.

Voting Restrictions

Pursuant to the Shareholder Agreement, Intel (and the Intel Stichting) will not be entitled to vote the ordinary shares that were acquired by the Intel Stichting as part of the CCIP or any other ordinary shares otherwise transferred to the Intel Stichting (under the circumstances described under “Standstill; Additional Purchases” below) prior to a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event (as defined below), except when a Suspension Event (as described below) occurs and is continuing or where the following matters are proposed at any General Meeting (the “Voting Restrictions”): (i) an issuance of ASML shares or grant of rights to subscribe for ASML shares representing 25 percent or more of the issued and outstanding share capital of ASML or the restriction or exclusion of pre-emption rights relating thereto (in each case, on an aggregate basis during the preceding 12 months) or the designation of the Board of Management as the authorized body to resolve on these matters; (ii) an authorization to repurchase 25 percent or more of ASML’s issued and outstanding share capital on an aggregate basis during the preceding 12 months; (iii) the approval of a significant change in the identity or nature of ASML or our business, including a transfer of all or substantially all business or assets of ASML and our subsidiaries to a third party, the establishment or cancellation of a long-lasting cooperation of essential importance with a third party and an acquisition or disposition of an interest in the capital or assets of a person with a value of at least one third of the assets of ASML (on a consolidated basis); (iv) an amendment to ASML’s Articles of Association that would materially affect the specific voting rights of Intel, would materially affect the identity or nature of ASML or our business, or would disproportionately (or uniquely) and adversely affect the rights or benefits attached to or derived from the ordinary shares held by Intel through the Intel Stichting as compared to the shareholders; (v) the dissolution of ASML; and (vi) any merger or demerger which would result in a material change in the identity or nature of ASML or its business.

Standstill, Lock-up and Orderly Market Arrangements

Standstill; Additional Purchases

Subject to certain exceptions, pursuant to the Shareholder Agreement, Intel (or its affiliates) may not, prior to the six-year anniversary of the date of the Intel Shareholder Agreement (the “Standstill Period”), acquire more than 19.9 percent of the outstanding share capital of ASML without ASML’s prior approval (the “Standstill Restriction”). There is an exception from the Standstill Restriction in the case of a ‘suspension event’, which includes certain circumstances where a third party has acquired or made an offer to acquire at least 20 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares, and the Standstill Restriction will terminate upon the occurrence of a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event.

The Shareholder Agreement permits Intel (and its affiliates) to acquire up to 4.99 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares (other than shares acquired through the CCIP) that may be held outside the Intel Stichting. For any additional ASML shares that Intel (or its affiliates) acquires in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML, Intel is required to deposit such shares with the Intel Stichting in exchange for Depositary Receipts. Shares held directly by Intel or its affiliates (and which not required to be deposited with the Intel Stichting) are not subject to the Voting Restrictions, or Lock-Up Restrictions (as defined below), but are subject to the Standstill Restriction.

 

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The Intel Stichting will continue to hold ASML shares owned by Intel (notwithstanding termination of the Standstill Period) until the earlier of (i) such time as Intel owns (directly or through the Intel Stichting) less than 2 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares (the relevant percentage is 1 percent for the other Participating Customers) (ii) the date of notification to ASML by Participating Customers that the aggregate amount of ASML’s outstanding shares owned by Intel and the other Participating Customers represents less than 5 percent of ASML’s outstanding shares and (iii) a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event (as defined below), following which time Depositary Receipts will be exchanged for the underlying ASML shares. In case Intel would acquire ASML shares within 18 months after an event described under (i) or (ii) above, any ASML shares held by Intel in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML must be transferred to (and held by) the Intel Stichting.

Lock-up; Orderly Sell Down

Intel may not, without prior written consent of ASML, transfer any ordinary shares or Depositary Receipts until the earliest of (i) two years and six months after the date of the Intel Shareholder Agreement, (ii) termination of the NRE Funding Agreements, and (iii) the occurrence of a Shareholder Agreement Termination Event ((i), (ii) and (iii) together, the “Lock-Up Restriction”). The Lock-Up Restriction does not apply in certain circumstances where a third party offers to acquire at least 20 percent of ASML’s shares. Intel is not permitted to transfer the ASML ordinary shares it acquired in the program in connection with an offer (before the end of the offer), or make any public statement in support of such offer, that is not recommended by the ASML Supervisory Board or Management Board, except in limited circumstances.

In addition, Intel may not (even after the Lock-Up Period has ended), without written consent of ASML, transfer on NYSE Euronext Amsterdam, NASDAQ or another securities exchange more than (i) 4 percent of the outstanding shares of ASML during any six month period (the relevant percentage is 1.5 percent for Samsung and 2.5 percent for TSMC). There are also restrictions on Intel’s ability to transfer ASML shares to certain competitors or customers of ASML.

Termination

The Intel Shareholder Agreement will terminate upon the occurrence of the following events (each a “Shareholder Agreement Termination Event”) (i) certain change of control transactions were the shareholders of ASML prior to such a transaction are no longer entitled to exercise at least 50 percent of the votes in the General Meeting following such transaction, (ii) in the event of a delisting of our shares listed at NYSE Euronext Amsterdam or delisting of our shares listed at NASDAQ (except for certain voluntary delistings from NASDAQ), (iii) the winding up or liquidation of ASML, or (vi) in the event that all Depositary Receipts are exchanged for ASML shares and Intel does not acquire ASML shares in excess of 4.99 percent of the outstanding ASML shares within 18 months of such exchange (see “Standstill; Additional Purchases” above).

NRE Funding Agreements

On July 9, 2012, ASML and Intel entered into two NRE Funding Agreements pursuant to which Intel will support ASML’s R&D costs and project expenditures. One agreement relates to the Intel 450mm NRE Funding Agreement and the other relates to the Intel EUV NRE Funding Agreement (together the “Intel NRE Funding Agreements”). Intel has committed to provide EUR 553 million in funding under the Intel 450mm NRE Funding Agreement and EUR 276 million in funding under the Intel EUV NRE Funding Agreement, payable over the respective terms (2013-2017) of the Intel NRE Funding Agreements.

On August 5, 2012, ASML and TSMC entered into the TSMC NRE Funding Agreement pursuant to which TSMC will support ASML’s R&D costs and project expenditures relating to the development of 450mm lithography equipment and EUV platforms. TSMC has committed to provide EUR 276 million in funding payable over the term (2013-2017) of the TSMC NRE Funding Agreement.

On August 27, 2012, ASML and Samsung entered into the Samsung NRE Funding Agreement pursuant to which Samsung will support ASML’s R&D costs and project expenditures relating to the development of 300mm/450mm and EUV platforms. Samsung has committed to provide EUR 276 million in funding payable over the term (2013-2017) of the Samsung NRE Funding Agreement.

 

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Under the NRE Funding Agreements, ASML will retain sole control over the development of 450mm photo lithography equipment and EUV platforms and will own all intellectual property created by ASML in connection therewith. The NRE Funding Agreements provide that if ASML, in its reasonable discretion, determines to abandon either the 450mm or EUV development project, as a result of technical infeasibility or lack of sufficient industry demand, or if the then remaining funding exceeds the expenditure estimate for the development project (450mm or EUV) then the parties may agree on an alternative development project, and if no alternative is agreed, ASML may invoice the Participating Customers for the remaining due portion of committed funding during each year of the remaining funding period in which ASML’s actual gross R&D expenditures exceed a minimum threshold specified in the NRE Funding Agreements. The NRE Funding Agreements will terminate on December 31, 2017 or upon pre-payment by the Participating Customer of the aggregate amount of funding owed under its respective NRE Funding Agreement.

Commercial Agreement

On July 9, 2012, ASML and Intel entered into a Commercial Agreement, pursuant to which ASML and Intel established a contractual framework for Intel to purchase equipment related to the 450mm and EUV next-generation lithography equipment. Under this agreement, Intel has committed to purchase specified numbers of 450mm and EUV tools. The agreement sets forth pricing terms for the tools as well as milestones related to product deliveries, and provides for certain commercial discounts in the form of credits in exchange for Intel’s early purchase commitments and volume purchase commitments and for specified additional credits in the event that certain schedules are not met. In addition, subject to certain conditions, ASML has agreed to install sufficient capacity to meet Intel’s forecasted 450mm lithography equipment needs through 2022.

For further details regarding the share issuances to the Participating Customers and the Synthetic Share Buyback effectuated in connection with our CCIP, see Note 26.

Development 450mm silicon wafer technology

In November 2013, following our customers’ decision, ASML decided to pause the development of 450mm lithography systems until customer demand and the timing related to such demand is clear. We believe that our 450mm development activities can be restarted if and when the industry demands the introduction of 450mm. Since 450mm requires both generic developments and wafer size-specific developments, many of our employees involved in the 450mm project are doing work that is just as relevant for future DUV and EUV platforms. The teams and people have therefore been reassigned to different projects.

Under our CCIP, we are party to a 450mm NRE Funding Agreement with Intel for a total NRE funding commitment of EUR 553 million. We are currently in discussions with Intel to determine appropriate projects to which to apply the 450mm NRE funding.

Under the CCIP, we are also party to EUV NRE agreements with Intel (total funding of EUR 276 million), TSMC (total funding of EUR 276 million) and Samsung (total funding of EUR 276 million), all of which funding is being used for EUV projects.

29. Related Party Transactions

On July 9, 2012, we announced our CCIP to accelerate our development of EUV technology beyond the current generation and our development of future 450mm silicon wafer technology. One of the Participating Customers, Intel, agreed to fund EUR 829 million for our R&D projects. In addition Intel also agreed to invest in ordinary shares equal to 15 percent of our issued share capital (calculated giving effect to our Synthetic Share Buyback in November 2012). Due to the equity investment, Intel is considered a related party of ASML as of July 9, 2012.

The total net sales to Intel (and its affiliates) in 2013 amounted to EUR 494.7 million. The total net sales to Intel (and its affiliates) for the period from July 9, 2012 to December 31, 2012 amounted to EUR 301.7 million) whereas the outstanding balances as of December 31, 2013 amount to EUR (182.3) million (December 31, 2012: EUR 65.0 million).

There have been no transactions during our most recent fiscal year, and there are currently no transactions, between ASML or any of its subsidiaries, and any other significant shareholder and any director or officer or any relative or spouse thereof other than ordinary course compensation arrangements. During our most recent fiscal year, there has been no, and at present there is no, outstanding indebtedness to ASML owed or owing by any director or officer of ASML or any associate thereof.

 

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30. Subsequent Events

Subsequent events were evaluated up to February 11, 2014, which is the issuance date of this Annual Report 2013. There are no subsequent events to report.

Veldhoven, the Netherlands

February 11, 2014

 

/s/ Peter T.F.M. Wennink

Peter T.F.M. Wennink

President, CEO and member of the Board of Management

 

/s/ Wolfgang U. Nickl

Wolfgang U. Nickl

Executive Vice President and CFO

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To: the Supervisory Board and Shareholders of ASML Holding N.V.:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ASML Holding N.V. and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013 (all expressed in euros). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the company’s board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of ASML Holding N.V. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

/s/ Deloitte Accountants B.V.

Eindhoven, The Netherlands

February 11, 2014

 

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Definitions

 

 

   
Name    Description

 

ACE    ASML Center of Excellence
Act    The Dutch Financial Markets Supervision Act / “Wet op het Financieel Toezicht”
AFM    Autoriteit Financiële Markten; the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets
AGM    Annual General Meeting of Shareholders
AMD    Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Annual Report    Annual Report on Form 20-F
ArF    Argon Fluoride
ArFi    Argon Fluoride Immersion
ASML    ASML Holding N.V. and its subsidiaries
ASP    Average selling price
ASU    Accounting Standards Update
BA    Bachelor of Arts
BESP    Best Estimate of Selling Price
Brion    Brion Technologies, Inc.
Canon    Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
Canon Cross-License Agreement    ASML and Canon signed a global patent cross-license agreement related to the field of semiconductor lithography
CCIP    Customer Co-Investment Program
CD    Critical Dimension
CEO    Chief Executive Officer
CFO    Chief Financial Officer
CMO    Chief Marketing Officer
Code of Conduct    Code of ethics and conduct
CODM    Chief Operating Decision Maker
Commission    The United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Company    ASML Holding N.V.
CPO    Chief Program Officer
CRMC    Capital Research & Management Company
Cross-License Transition Period    The period between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014
CRSB    Corporate Risk and Sustainability Board
CTO    Chief Technology Officer
Customer Stichtingen    Intel Stichting and TSMC Stichting jointly referred. Shares held by Participating Customers in the CCIP, are held through Foundations that issued to the Participating Customers depository receipts representing shares held by these Foundations.
Cymer    Formerly known as Cymer, Inc.
De Nederlandsche Bank    the Dutch central bank, which is the supervisor of all pension companies in the Netherlands
DPT    Double patterning technology
DTC    Depositary Trust Company
EGM    Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders

 

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Name    Description

 

EUR    Euros
Euro    Euros
Eurobonds    Our EUR 600 million 5.75 percent senior notes due 2017 and our EUR 750 million 3.375 percent senior notes due 2023
Euroclear Nederland    Nederlands Centraal Instituut voor Giraal Effectenverkeer B.V.
EUV    Extreme Ultraviolet
Exchange Act    US Securities Exchange Act of 1934
FASB    Financial Accounting Standards Board
FMSA    Financial Markets Supervision Act (‘Wet op het financieel toezicht’ (Wft))
FOM    Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter
Foundation    Stichting Preferente Aandelen ASML
FTEs    Full-time equivalents
holistic lithography    Optimize the scanner performance by taken into account the entire chip creation process, from design to volume manufacturing
IC    Intercircuit
imec    Interuniversitair Micro-Elektronica Centrum
Intel    Intel Corporation
Intel 450mm NRE Funding Agreement    Agreement related to the development of 450mm lithography equipment
Intel EUV NRE Funding Agreement    Agreement related to the development of EUV lithography equipment
Intel Investment Agreement    The investment agreement between ASML and Intel
Intel NRE Funding Agreements    The Intel Funding Agreements related to the development of 450mm and EUV lithography equipment
Intel Stichting    Stichting Administratiekantoor MAKTSJAB
IRS    Internal Revenue Service
KPI    Key Performance Indicator
KrF    Krypton Fluoride
Logic    Micro-processor manufacturers and Foundries
MBA    Master of Business Administration
Memory    NAND-Flash memory and DRAM memory chipmakers
NA    Numerical aperture
NASDAQ    NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
New York Transfer Agent    J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., 4 New York Plaza, New York, New York
NID    Notional Interest Deduction
Nikon    Nikon Corporation
Nikon Cross-License Agreement    A patent Cross-License agreement between Nikon, ASML and Zeiss, related to lithography equipment used to manufacture semiconductor devices
nm    Nanometer (one billionth of a meter)
Non-Resident Holder    a holder of ordinary shares who is not, or is not deemed to be, a resident of the Netherlands for Dutch tax purposes
NPV    Net Present Value
NRE    Non Recurring Engineering
NRE Funding Agreements    The Intel NRE Funding Agreements, the TSMC NRE Funding Agreement, and the Samsung NRE Funding Agreement

 

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Name    Description

 

NWO    Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research
NXE    NXE platform; a new platform utilizing the concepts of the TWINSCAN platform with complete new technologies in three areas: light source, lens system, and vacuum body
NXE:3100    Second-generation EUV systems
NXE:3300B    Third-generation EUV systems
NXT    TWINSCAN NXT systems; an improved version of the TWINSCAN systems, introducing new stages and stage position control technology, which enables improved imaging and overlay.
OCI    Other Comprehensive Income
OPC    Optical Proximity Correction
Participating customers    Collective of the participants of the Customer Co-Investment Program; Intel Corporation (“Intel”), Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd. (“TSMC”) and Samsung Electronics Corporation (“Samsung”)
PFIC    Passive Foreign Investment Company
PME    Bedrijfstakpensioenfonds Metalektro
Preference Share Option    An option to acquire cumulative preference shares in our capital
R&D    Research and Development
RDA    Research and Development Deduction (“Research and Development Aftrek”)
RET    Resolution Enhancement Techniques
RU    Reporting Unit
RU ASML    Reporting Unit ASML
Samsung    Samsung Electronics Corporation
Samsung Investment Agreement    The investment agreement between ASML and Samsung
Samsung NRE Funding Agreement    ASML and Samsung entered into the Samsung NRE funding agreement
SEC    The United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SG&A    Selling, General and Administrative
Shareholder Agreement    In connection with the issuance of shares pursuant to the Intel Investment Agreement, on September 12, 2012 ASML, Intel and the Intel Stichting entered into a shareholder agreement (we refer to page F-50)
SMO    Source-Mask Optimization
STI    Short-term incentive
the Intel Investment Agreement    The investment agreement between ASML and Intel
TPE    Third-Party Evidence
Transfer Agent Agreement    Agreement about transfer, registrar and dividend disbursement
Treaty    The Tax Treaty Between the United States and the Netherlands for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income
TSMC    Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company Ltd.
TSMC Investment Agreement    The investment agreement between ASML and TSMC
TSMC NRE Funding Agreement    ASML and TSMC entered into the TSMC NRE funding agreement
TSMC Stichting    Stichting Administratiekantoor TSMC
U.S. dollars    United States dollars
US GAAP    Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America

 

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Name    Description

 

USD    United States dollars
UvA    University of Amsterdam
VIE    Variable interest entity
VIE Shareholders    Syndicate of three banks solely for the purpose of leasing the headquarter in Veldhoven
VLSI Research    An independent industry research firm that surveyed customers representing 95.0 percent of the world’s total semiconductor market
VSOE    Vendor-Specific Objective Evidence
VU    VU University Amsterdam
WACC    Weighted Average Cost of Capital
Wavelength    The frequency of light going through projection lenses; the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the line-width and the finer the pattern on the IC
Wijdeven Motion    Wijdeven Motion Holding B.V. and Wijdeven Motion B.V. together
XT    Second - generation TWINSCAN, for 200 nm and 300 mm wafer sizes.
XT:1700i    TWINSCAN XT:1700i
YieldStar    Advanced wafer metrology system

Zeiss

 

  

Carl Zeiss SMT AG

 

 

 

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LOGO

 

Exhibit Index

 

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Exhibit Index

 

 

   
    Exhibit No.     Description
    1      Articles of Association of ASML Holding N.V. (English translation) (Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 13 to the Registrant’s, Registration Statement on Form 8-A/A, filed with the Commission on February 8, 2013)
    4.1      Agreement between ASM Lithography B.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated March 17, 2000 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000) 1
    4.2      Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Carl Zeiss, dated October 24, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003) 1
    4.3      Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
    4.4      Form of Indemnity Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and members of its Supervisory Board (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2003)
    4.5      Form of Employment Agreement for members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003)
    4.6      Nikon-ASML Patent Cross-License Agreement, dated December 10, 2004, between ASML Holding N.V. and Nikon Corporation (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) 1
    4.7      ASML/Zeiss Sublicense Agreement, 2004, dated December 10, 2004, between Carl Zeiss SMT AG and ASML Holding N.V. (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004) 1
    4.8      ASML New Hires and Incentive Stock Option Plan For Management (Version 2003) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on September 2, 2003 (File No. 333-109154))
    4.9      ASML Incentive and New Hire Option Plan for Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Commission on June 9, 2004 (File No. 333-116337))
    4.10      ASML Option Plan for Management of ASML Holding Group Companies (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on June 30, 2005 (file No. 333-126340))
    4.11      ASML Stock Option Plan for New Hire Options granted to Members of the Board of Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
    4.12      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
    4.13      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
    4.14      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2006) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 7, 2006 (file No. 333-136362))
    4.15      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version January 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.16      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version April 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.17      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version July 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.18      ASML Stock Option Plan for Incentive or New Hire Options granted to Senior and Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.19      ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.20      ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Version 2) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on July 5, 2007 (file No. 333-144356))
    4.21      ASML Stock Option Plan from Base Salary for Senior & Executive Management (Version October 2007) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on November 2, 2007 (file No. 333-147128))
    4.22      ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
    4.23      ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on August 29, 2008 (file No. 333-153277))
    4.24      ASML Performance Stock Plan for Members of the Board of Management (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
    4.25      ASML Performance Stock Option Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s. Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))
    4.26      ASML Performance Share Plan for Senior and Executive Management (version 1) (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Commission on October 13, 2009 (file No. 333-162439))

 

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Exhibit No.

 

Description

    4.27   Investment Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)
    4.28   450mm NRE Funding Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012) 1
    4.29   EUV NRE Funding Agreement between ASML Holding N.V., and Intel Corporation, dated July 9, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012) 1
    4.30   Shareholder Agreement between ASML Holding N.V. and Intel Holdings B.V., Intel Corporation and Stichting Administratiekantoor MAKTSJAB dated September 12, 2012 (Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2012)
    4.31   Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among ASML Holding N.V., Kona Acquisition Company, Inc. Cymer, Inc. and certain other parties set forth therein, date October 16, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Annex A to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-4 filed with the Commission on November 21, 2012 (file No. 333-185120))
    8.1   List of Main Subsidiaries 2
  12.1   Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 2
  13.1   Certification of CEO and CFO Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 2
  15.1   Consent of Deloitte Accountants B.V. 2
101.INS   XBRL Instance Document 2
101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document 2
101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document 2
101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document 2
101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document 2
101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document 2

 

1 Certain information omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
2 Filed at the Commission herewith.

 

ASML ANNUAL REPORT 2013    E-3   


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