form10q_2q09.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
 
 
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2009
 
OR
 
[  ]  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from ________________ to ________________
 
 
Commission File Number:  1-768
 
 
CATERPILLAR INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
 
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
 
37-0602744
(IRS Employer I.D. No.)
 
100 NE Adams Street, Peoria, Illinois
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
61629
(Zip Code)
 
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
(309) 675-1000
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes [ X ]     No [    ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes [    ]     No [    ]
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See definitions of "large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer" and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):
 
 
Large accelerated filer
 
X
 
Accelerated filer
     
                 
 
Non-accelerated filer
     
Smaller reporting company
     
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes [   ] No [ X ]
 
At June 30, 2009, 621,293,542 shares of common stock of the registrant were outstanding.
 
Page 1
 
 
Table of Contents
 
Item 1.
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
 
Item 4.
     
Part II – Other Information
 
Item 1.
 
Item 1A.
 
Item 2.
 
Item 3.
Defaults Upon Senior Securities *
 
Item 4.
 
Item 5.
Other Information *
 
Item 6.
     
 
* Item omitted because no answer is called for or item is not applicable.
 
 
Page 2
 
 

 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions except per share data)
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2009
 
2008
Sales and revenues:
             
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
7,254
   
$
12,797
 
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
721
     
827
 
 
Total sales and revenues
 
7,975
     
13,624
 
                 
Operating costs:
             
 
Cost of goods sold
 
5,752
     
10,036
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
914
     
1,074
 
 
Research and development expenses
 
351
     
415
 
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
272
     
279
 
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
339
     
295
 
 
Total operating costs
 
7,628
     
12,099
 
                 
Operating profit
 
347
     
1,525
 
                 
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
109
     
70
 
 
Other income (expense)
 
163
     
83
 
                 
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
401
     
1,538
 
                 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
40
     
434
 
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
361
     
1,104
 
                 
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
(1
)
   
10
 
               
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
360
     
1,114
 
                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(11
)
   
8
 
                 
Profit 1 
$
371
   
$
1,106
 
                 
               
Profit per common share
$
0.61
   
$
1.80
 
                 
Profit per common share – diluted 2 
$
0.60
   
$
1.74
 
                 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
             
 
- Basic
 
611.8
     
614.3
 
 
- Diluted 2 
 
619.8
     
635.5
 
               
Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.84
   
$
0.78
 
 
1
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
2
Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Page 3
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions except per share data)
 
 
Six Months Ended
 
June 30,
 
2009
 
2008
Sales and revenues:
             
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
15,764
   
$
23,776
 
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
1,436
     
1,644
 
 
Total sales and revenues
 
17,200
     
25,420
 
                 
Operating costs:
             
 
Cost of goods sold
 
12,779
     
18,645
 
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
1,796
     
2,033
 
 
Research and development expenses
 
739
     
784
 
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
551
     
563
 
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
1,163
     
577
 
 
Total operating costs
 
17,028
     
22,602
 
                 
Operating profit
 
172
     
2,818
 
                 
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
210
     
144
 
 
Other income (expense)
 
227
     
205
 
                 
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
189
     
2,879
 
                 
 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
(40
)
   
854
 
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
229
     
2,025
 
                 
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
     
21
 
               
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
229
     
2,046
 
                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(30
)
   
18
 
                 
Profit 1 
$
259
   
$
2,028
 
                 
               
Profit per common share
$
0.43
   
$
3.29
 
                 
Profit per common share – diluted 2 
$
0.42
   
$
3.18
 
                 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
             
 
- Basic
 
607.6
     
616.0
 
 
- Diluted 2 
 
614.0
     
637.0
 
               
Cash dividends declared per common share
$
0.84
   
$
0.78
 
 
1
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
2
Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Page 4
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
June 30,
2009
 
December 31,
2008
Assets
             
 
Current assets:
             
   
Cash and short-term investments
$
3,991
   
$
2,736
 
   
Receivables – trade and other
 
6,534
     
9,397
 
   
Receivables – finance
 
8,110
     
8,731
 
   
Deferred and refundable income taxes
 
1,147
     
1,223
 
   
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
441
     
765
 
   
Inventories
 
7,160
     
8,781
 
 
Total current assets
 
27,383
     
31,633
 
 
Property, plant and equipment – net
 
12,226
     
12,524
 
 
Long-term receivables – trade and other
 
817
     
1,479
 
 
Long-term receivables – finance
 
13,488
     
14,264
 
 
Investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
92
     
94
 
 
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes
 
3,270
     
3,311
 
 
Intangible assets
 
485
     
511
 
 
Goodwill
 
2,264
     
2,261
 
 
Other assets
 
2,067
     
1,705
 
Total assets
$
62,092
   
$
67,782
 
Liabilities
             
 
Current liabilities:
             
   
Short-term borrowings:
             
     
Machinery and Engines
$
702
   
$
1,632
 
     
Financial Products
 
4,470
     
5,577
 
   
Accounts payable
 
2,682
     
4,827
 
   
Accrued expenses
 
3,611
     
4,121
 
   
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits
 
795
     
1,242
 
   
Customer advances
 
1,546
     
1,898
 
   
Dividends payable
 
261
     
253
 
   
Other current liabilities
 
857
     
1,027
 
   
Long-term debt due within one year:
             
     
Machinery and Engines
 
472
     
456
 
     
Financial Products
 
4,094
     
5,036
 
 
Total current liabilities
 
19,490
     
26,069
 
 
Long-term debt due after one year:
             
   
Machinery and Engines
 
5,677
     
5,736
 
   
Financial Products
 
17,881
     
17,098
 
 
Liability for postemployment benefits
 
8,920
     
9,975
 
 
Other liabilities
 
2,268
     
2,190
 
Total liabilities
 
54,236
     
61,068
 
Commitments and contingencies (Notes 10 and 12)
             
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
481
     
524
 
Stockholders' equity
             
 
Common stock of $1.00 par value:
             
   
Authorized shares: 900,000,000
Issued shares: (6/30/09 and 12/31/08 – 814,894,624) at paid-in amount
 
3,347
     
3,057
 
 
Treasury stock (6/30/09 – 193,601,082; 12/31/08 – 213,367,983) at cost
 
(10,745
)
   
(11,217
)
 
Profit employed in the business
 
19,579
     
19,826
 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(4,906
)
   
(5,579
)
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
100
     
103
 
Total stockholders' equity
 
7,375
     
6,190
 
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity
$
62,092
   
$
67,782
 
 
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Page 5
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
Common
stock
 
Treasury
stock
 
Profit
employed
in the
business
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss) 1
 
Noncontrolling
interests
 
Total
 
Comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2007
$
2,744
   
$
(9,451
)
 
$
17,398
   
$
(1,808
)
 
$
113
   
$
8,996
         
Adjustment to adopt measurement date
provisions of FAS 158, net of tax 2
 
     
     
(33
)
   
17
     
     
(16
)
       
Balance at January 1, 2008
 
2,744
     
(9,451
)
   
17,365
     
(1,791
)
   
113
     
8,980
         
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
     
     
2,028
     
     
18
     
2,046
   
$
2,046
 
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $3
 
     
     
     
177
     
(1
)
   
176
     
176
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits
                                                     
 
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss,
net of tax of $41
 
     
     
     
76
     
     
76
     
76
 
 
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation,
net of tax of $0
 
     
     
     
1
     
     
1
     
1
 
Derivative financial instruments
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $0
 
     
     
     
7
     
     
7
     
7
 
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $26
 
     
     
     
(45
)
   
     
(45
)
   
(45
)
Retained interests
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $2
 
     
     
     
(5
)
   
     
(5
)
   
(5
)
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $1
 
     
     
     
2
     
     
2
     
2
 
Available-for-sale securities
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $18
 
     
     
     
(36
)
   
     
(36
)
   
(36
)
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $0
 
     
     
     
(1
)
   
     
(1
)
   
(1
)
Change in ownership for noncontrolling interests
 
     
     
     
     
(17
)
   
(17
)
   
 
Dividends declared
 
     
     
(475
)
   
     
     
(475
)
   
 
Common shares issued from treasury stock
for stock-based compensation: 4,123,074
 
5
     
111
     
     
     
     
116
     
 
Stock-based compensation expense
 
107
     
     
     
     
     
107
     
 
Tax benefits from stock-based compensation
 
51
     
     
     
     
     
51
     
 
Shares repurchased: 19,393,026
 
     
(1,390
)
   
     
     
     
(1,390
)
   
 
Stock repurchase derivative contracts
 
(10
)
   
     
     
     
     
(10
)
   
 
Balance at June 30, 2008
$
2,897
   
$
(10,730
)
 
$
18,918
   
$
(1,615
)
 
$
113
   
$
9,583
   
$
2,221
 
                                                         
 
(Continued)
Page 6
 
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
Common
stock
 
Treasury
stock
 
Profit
employed
in the
business
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive
income (loss)
 
Noncontrolling
interests
 
Total
   
Comprehensive
income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2008
$
3,057
   
$
(11,217
)
 
$
19,826
   
$
(5,579
)
 
$
103
   
$
6,190
         
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
     
     
259
     
     
(30
)
   
229
   
$
229
 
Foreign currency translation, net of tax of $16
 
     
     
     
166
     
1
     
167
     
167
 
Pension and other postretirement benefits
                                                     
 
Current year actuarial gain (loss),
net of tax of $80 3
 
     
     
     
55
     
     
55
     
55
 
 
Amortization of actuarial (gain) loss,
net of tax
of $54
 
     
     
     
95
     
2
     
97
     
97
 
 
Current year prior service cost,
net of tax of $197 3
 
     
     
     
236
     
     
236
     
236
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost,
net of tax of $1
 
     
     
     
2
     
     
2
     
2
 
 
Amortization of transition (asset) obligation,
net of tax of $0
 
     
     
     
1
     
     
1
     
1
 
Derivative financial instruments
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $57
 
     
     
     
92
     
     
92
     
92
 
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $12
 
     
     
     
(15
)
   
     
(15
)
   
(15
)
Retained interests
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $12 4
 
     
     
     
(22
)
   
     
(22
)
   
(22
)
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $10
 
     
     
     
18
     
     
18
     
18
 
Available-for-sale securities
                                                     
 
Gains (losses) deferred, net of tax of $14
 
     
     
     
26
     
     
26
     
26
 
 
(Gains) losses reclassified to earnings,
net of tax of $10
 
     
     
     
19
     
     
19
     
19
 
Change in ownership for noncontrolling interests
 
     
     
     
     
(6
)
   
(6
)
   
 
Dividends declared
 
     
     
(513
)
   
     
     
(513
)
   
 
Common shares issued from treasury stock
for stock-based compensation: 1,286,806
 
(6
)
   
37
     
     
     
     
31
     
 
Common shares issued from treasury stock
for benefit plans: 18,480,095 5
 
224
     
435
     
     
     
     
659
     
 
Stock-based compensation expense
 
74
     
     
     
     
     
74
     
 
Tax benefits from stock-based compensation
 
(2
)
   
     
     
     
     
(2
)
   
 
Cat Japan share redemption 6
 
     
     
7
     
     
30
     
37
     
 
Balance at June 30, 2009
$
3,347
   
$
(10,745
)
 
$
19,579
   
$
(4,906
)
 
$
100
   
$
7,375
   
$
905
 
 
1
Pension and other postretirement benefits include net adjustments for Cat Japan, while they were an unconsolidated affiliate, of ($6) million for the six months ended June 30, 2008.  The ending balance was ($58) million at June 30, 2008.
2
Adjustments to profit employed in the business and pension and other postretirement benefits were net of tax of ($17) million and $9 million, respectively.  See Note 2 for additional information.
3
Changes in amounts due to plan re-measurements. See Note 9 for additional information.
4
Includes noncredit component of other-than-temporary impairment losses on securitized retained interest of ($10) million, net of tax of $5 million, for the six months ended June 30, 2009.  See Note 16 for additional information.
5
See Note 9 regarding shares issued for benefit plans.
6
See Note 15 regarding the Cat Japan share redemption.
 
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Page 7
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
 
   
Six Months Ended
   
June 30,
   
2009
 
2008
Cash flow from operating activities:
             
 
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
$
229
   
$
2,046
 
 
Adjustments for non-cash items:
             
   
Depreciation and amortization
 
1,072
     
952
 
   
Other
 
59
     
184
 
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
             
   
Receivables – trade and other
 
3,133
     
(1,137
)
   
Inventories
 
1,631
     
(1,009
)
   
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
(2,717
)
   
1,023
 
   
Customer advances
 
(338
)
   
210
 
   
Other assets – net
 
168
     
(93
)
   
Other liabilities – net
 
(434
)
   
(271
)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
 
2,803
     
1,905
 
                 
Cash flow from investing activities:
             
 
Capital expenditures – excluding equipment leased to others
 
(443
)
   
(814
)
 
Expenditures for equipment leased to others
 
(441
)
   
(699
)
 
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
 
454
     
449
 
 
Additions to finance receivables
 
(3,800
)
   
(7,099
)
 
Collections of finance receivables
 
5,119
     
4,748
 
 
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables
 
93
     
696
 
 
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)
 
     
(111
)
 
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities
 
170
     
173
 
 
Investments in available-for-sale securities
 
(251
)
   
(230
)
 
Other – net
 
(53
)
   
56
 
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
 
848
     
(2,831
)
                 
Cash flow from financing activities:
             
 
Dividends paid
 
(505
)
   
(444
)
 
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued
 
31
     
116
 
 
Payment for stock repurchase derivative contracts
 
     
(38
)
 
Treasury shares purchased
 
     
(1,362
)
 
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 
2
     
53
 
 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
 
(6
)
   
 
 
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months):
             
 
– Machinery and Engines
 
872
     
110
 
 
– Financial Products
 
8,157
     
9,048
 
 
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months):
             
 
– Machinery and Engines
 
(915
)
   
(133
)
 
– Financial Products
 
(6,655
)
   
(6,397
)
 
Short-term borrowings – net (original maturities three months or less)
 
(3,365
)
   
(393
)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
(2,384
)
   
560
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
 
(12
)
   
26
 
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments
 
1,255
     
(340
)
               
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of period
 
2,736
     
1,122
 
Cash and short-term investments at end of period
$
3,991
   
$
782
 
 
All short-term investments, which consist primarily of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, are considered to be cash equivalents.
Non-cash activities:
During 2009, we contributed 18.4 million shares of company stock with a fair value of $659 million to our U.S. benefit plans. See Note 9 for further discussion.
See accompanying notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Page 8
 
 
 
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1.
A.  Basis of Presentation
 
In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial statements include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of (a) the consolidated results of operations for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, (b) the consolidated financial position at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, (c) the consolidated changes in stockholders' equity for the six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, and (d) the consolidated statement of cash flow for the six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.  The financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).  Certain amounts for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period financial statement presentation.
 
Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008, as supplemented by the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed on May 14, 2009 (2008 Form 10-K) to reflect certain retrospective adjustments relating to the adoption of SFAS 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51,” and the change in our reportable segments as discussed in Note 13.
 
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies, as well as adjustments for foreign currency translation, derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges, available-for-sale securities, pension and other postretirement benefits and retained interests.  Total Comprehensive income for the three months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was $791 million and $1,208 million, respectively.  Total Comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008 was $905 million and $2,221 million, respectively.
 
The December 31, 2008 financial position data included herein is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included in the 2008 Form 10-K but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP.
 
We have performed a review of subsequent events through July 31, 2009, the date the financial statements were issued, and concluded there were no events or transactions occurring during this period that required recognition or disclosure in our financial statements.

 
B.  Nature of Operations
 
We operate in three principal lines of business:
 
 
(1)
 
Machinery A principal line of business which includes the design, manufacture, marketing and sales of construction, mining and forestry machinery—track and wheel tractors, track and wheel loaders, pipelayers, motor graders, wheel tractor-scrapers, track and wheel excavators, backhoe loaders, log skidders, log loaders, off-highway trucks, articulated trucks, paving products, skid steer loaders, underground mining equipment, tunnel boring equipment and related parts. Also includes logistics services for other companies and the design, manufacture, remanufacture, maintenance and services of rail-related products.
 
 
(2)
 
Engines A principal line of business including the design, manufacture, marketing and sales of engines for Caterpillar machinery; electric power generation systems; on-highway vehicles and locomotives; marine, petroleum, construction, industrial, agricultural and other applications; and related parts.  Also includes remanufacturing of Caterpillar engines and a variety of Caterpillar machine and engine components and remanufacturing services for other companies.  Reciprocating engines meet power needs ranging from 10 to 21,700 horsepower (8 to over 16 000 kilowatts).  Turbines range from 1,600 to 30,000 horsepower (1 200 to 22 000 kilowatts).
 
 
(3)
 
Financial Products A principal line of business consisting primarily of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (Cat Financial), Caterpillar Insurance Holdings, Inc. (Cat Insurance) and their respective subsidiaries.  Cat Financial provides a wide range of financing alternatives to customers and dealers for Caterpillar machinery and engines, Solar gas turbines as well as other equipment and marine vessels.  Cat Financial also extends loans to customers and dealers.  Cat Insurance provides various forms of insurance to customers and dealers to help support the purchase and lease of our equipment.
 
 
Our Machinery and Engines operations are highly integrated.  Throughout the Notes, Machinery and Engines represents the aggregate total of these principal lines of business.
 
Page 9
 
 

2.
New Accounting Pronouncements

 
SFAS 157 – In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 (SFAS 157), “Fair Value Measurements.” SFAS 157 provides a common definition of fair value and a framework for measuring assets and liabilities at fair values when a particular standard prescribes it. In addition, the Statement expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued final Staff Positions that (1) deferred the effective date of this Statement for one year for certain nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities (see below) and (2) removed certain leasing transactions from the scope of the Statement.  We applied this new accounting standard to all other fair value measurements effective January 1, 2008. The adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on our financial statements. See Note 14 for additional information.

 
FSP 157-2 – In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on Statement 157, "Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157" (FSP 157-2).  FSP 157-2 delayed the effective date of SFAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed on a recurring basis, to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008.  Our significant nonfinancial assets and liabilities include those initially measured at fair value in a business combination and goodwill tested annually for impairment.  We adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP 157-2 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
FSP 157-3 – In October 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on Statement 157, "Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for That Asset Is Not Active” (FSP 157-3).  FSP 157-3 clarifies how SFAS 157 should be applied when valuing securities in markets that are not active by illustrating key considerations in determining fair value.  It also reaffirms the notion of fair value as the exit price as of the measurement date.  FSP 157-3 was effective upon issuance, which included periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued.  We adopted this new accounting standard on July 1, 2008.  The adoption of FSP 157-3 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
SFAS 158 – In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 (SFAS 158), “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans – an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106 and 132(R).”  SFAS 158 requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet.  Also, the measurement date – the date at which the benefit obligation and plan assets are measured – is required to be the company’s fiscal year-end.  We adopted the balance sheet recognition provisions at December 31, 2006, and adopted the year-end measurement date effective January 1, 2008 using the “one measurement” approach.  Under the one measurement approach, net periodic benefit cost for the period between any early measurement date and the end of the fiscal year that the measurement provisions are applied are allocated proportionately between amounts to be recognized as an adjustment of retained earnings and net periodic benefit cost for the fiscal year.  Previously, we used a November 30th measurement date for our U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit plans and September 30th for our non-U.S. plans.  The following summarizes the effect of adopting the year-end measurement date provisions as of January 1, 2008.  See Note 9 for additional information.
 
 
Adoption of SFAS 158 year-end measurement date
January 1, 2008
     
January 1, 2008
   
Prior to SFAS 158 Adjustment
 
SFAS 158 Adjustment
 
Post SFAS 158 Adjustment
 
(Millions of dollars)
                     
 
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes
$
1,553
   
$
8
   
$
1,561
 
 
Liability for postemployment benefits
 
5,059
     
24
     
5,083
 
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
(1,808
)
   
17
     
(1,791
)
 
Profit employed in the business
 
17,398
     
(33
)
   
17,365
 

 
SFAS 159 – In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159 (SFAS 159), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities – including an amendment of SFAS No. 115.” SFAS 159 creates a fair value option under which an entity may irrevocably elect fair value as the initial and subsequent measurement attribute for certain financial assets and liabilities on a contract by contract basis, with changes in fair values recognized in earnings as these changes occur.  We adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2008. We have not elected to measure any financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value which were not previously required to be measured at fair value. Therefore, the adoption of SFAS 159 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
Page 10
 
 
 
 
SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 – In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007) (SFAS 141R), “Business Combinations,” and No. 160 (SFAS 160), “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements – an amendment of ARB No. 51.” SFAS 141R requires the acquiring entity in a business combination to recognize the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Further, SFAS 141R also changes the accounting for acquired in-process research and development assets, contingent consideration, partial acquisitions and transaction costs.  Under SFAS 160, all entities are required to report noncontrolling (minority) interests in subsidiaries as equity in the consolidated financial statements. In addition, transactions between an entity and noncontrolling interests will be treated as equity transactions.  We adopted these new accounting standards on January 1, 2009.  As required, SFAS 160 was adopted through retrospective application, and all prior period information has been adjusted accordingly. The adoption of SFAS 141R and SFAS 160 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
SFAS 161 – In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 161 (SFAS 161), “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133.” SFAS 161 expands disclosures for derivative instruments by requiring entities to disclose the fair value of derivative instruments and their gains or losses in tabular format.  SFAS 161 also requires disclosure of information about credit risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements, counterparty credit risk, and strategies and objectives for using derivative instruments.  We adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2009.  The adoption of SFAS 161 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.  See Note 4 for additional information.
 
SFAS 162  In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 162 (SFAS 162), “The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.” SFAS 162 identifies the sources of accounting principles and the framework for selecting the principles to be used in the preparation of financial statements of nongovernmental entities that are presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.  SFAS 162 was effective November 13, 2008 and is superseded by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 168 (SFAS 168), “The FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162.”  See below for additional information on SFAS 168.
 
SFAS 163  In May 2008, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 163 (SFAS 163), “Accounting for Financial Guarantee Insurance Contracts – an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 60.” SFAS 163 requires that an insurance enterprise recognize a claim liability prior to an event of default (insured event) when there is evidence that credit deterioration has occurred in an insured financial obligation. It also requires disclosure about (1) the risk-management activities used by an insurance enterprise to evaluate credit deterioration in its insured financial obligations and (2) the insurance enterprise’s surveillance or watch list.  We adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2009.  The adoption of SFAS 163 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

 
FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46R-8 – In December 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on Statement 140 and FIN 46R, "Disclosures by Public Entities (Enterprises) about Transfers of Financial Assets and Interests in Variable Interest Entities" (FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46R-8).  This FSP expands the disclosure requirements in SFAS 140 and FIN 46R by requiring additional information about companies’ involvement with variable interest entities (VIEs) and their continuing involvement with transferred financial assets. This new accounting standard was adopted for our financial statements for the annual period ending December 31, 2008.  The adoption of FSP FAS 140-4 and FIN 46R-8 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

 
FSP FAS 132R-1  In December 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on Statement 132R, "Employers’ Disclosures about Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets" (FSP FAS 132R-1). This FSP expands the disclosure set forth in SFAS 132R by adding required disclosures about (1) how investment allocation decisions are made by management, (2) major categories of plan assets, and (3) significant concentration of risk. Additionally, the FSP requires an employer to disclose information about the valuation of plan assets similar to that required under SFAS 157.  We will adopt this new accounting standard for our financial statements for the annual period ending December 31, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of FSP FAS 132R-1 to have a material impact on our financial statements.

 
FSP EITF 99-20-1  In January 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on EITF Issue No. 99-20, "Amendments to the Impairment Guidance of EITF Issue No. 99-20" (FSP EITF 99-20-1).  FSP EITF 99-20-1 aligns the impairment guidance in EITF Issue No. 99-20 with that in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 (SFAS 115), “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.”  It changes how companies determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment exists for certain beneficial interests by allowing management to exercise more judgment.  This new accounting standard was adopted for our financial statements for the annual period ending December 31, 2008.  The adoption of FSP EITF 99-20-1 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.

 
FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1  In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, "Interim Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments" (FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1).  This FSP requires that the fair value disclosures required by SFAS 107 “Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments” be included for interim reporting periods.  We adopted this new accounting standard on April 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.  See Note 14 for additional information.
 
Page 11
 
 
 
 
FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, “Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments” (FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2).  This FSP amends the impairment guidance relating to certain debt securities and requires a company to assess the likelihood of selling the security prior to recovering its cost basis.  When a company meets the criteria for impairment, the impairment charges related to credit losses would be recognized in earnings, while non-credit losses would be reflected in other comprehensive income.  Additionally, it requires a more detailed, risk-oriented breakdown of major security types and related information currently required by SFAS 115. We adopted this new accounting standard on April 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.  See Notes 8 and 16 for additional information.
 
FSP FAS 157-4  In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on FAS 157-4, “Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly” (FSP FAS 157-4).  FSP FAS 157-4 provides guidance on determining when the trading volume and activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased, which may indicate an inactive market, and on measuring the fair value of an asset or liability in inactive markets.  We adopted this new accounting standard on April 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 157-4 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
FSP FAS 141R-1  In April 2009, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position on FAS 141R-1, “Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies” (FSP FAS 141R-1).  FSP FAS 141R-1 requires that an acquirer recognize at fair value, at the acquisition date, an asset acquired or a liability assumed in a business combination that arises from a contingency if the acquisition-date fair value of the asset or liability can be determined during the measurement period.  We adopted this new accounting standard on January 1, 2009.  The adoption of FSP FAS 141R-1 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
SFAS 165 – In May 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 165 (SFAS 165), “Subsequent Events.” SFAS 165 establishes the general standards of accounting for and disclosure of subsequent events.  In addition, it requires disclosure of the date through which an entity has evaluated subsequent events and the basis for that date.  This new accounting standard was adopted for our financial statements for the quarterly period ending June 30, 2009.  The adoption of SFAS 165 did not have a material impact on our financial statements.  See Note 1A for additional information.
 
SFAS 166 – In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166 (SFAS 166), “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140.”  SFAS 166 amends SFAS 140 by including: the elimination of the qualifying special-purpose entity (QSPE) concept; a new participating interest definition that must be met for transfers of portions of financial assets to be eligible for sale accounting; clarifications and changes to the derecognition criteria for a transfer to be accounted for as a sale; and a change to the amount of recognized gain or loss on a transfer of financial assets accounted for as a sale when beneficial interests are received by the transferor.  Additionally, the standard required extensive new disclosures regarding an entity’s involvement in a transfer of financial assets.  Finally, existing QSPEs (prior to the effective date of SFAS 166) must be evaluated for consolidation by reporting entities in accordance with the applicable consolidation guidance upon the elimination of this concept.  We will adopt this new accounting standard effective January 1, 2010.  We are currently reviewing the impact of SFAS 166 on our financial statements and expect to complete this evaluation in 2009.
 
SFAS 167  In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 167 (SFAS 167), “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46R.” SFAS 167 revises FIN 46R by eliminating the exemption for qualifying special purpose entities, by establishing a new approach for determining who should consolidate a variable-interest entity and by changing when it is necessary to reassess who should consolidate a variable-interest entity.  We will adopt this new accounting standard effective January 1, 2010.  We are currently reviewing the impact of SFAS 167 on our financial statements and expect to complete this evaluation in 2009.
 
SFAS 168 – In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS 168, “The FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles—a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162.”   SFAS 168 establishes the FASB Accounting Standards CodificationTM (Codification) as the source of authoritative U.S. GAAP to be applied by nongovernmental entities.  While not intended to change U.S. GAAP, the Codification significantly changes the way in which the accounting literature is organized.  We will adopt this new accounting standard for our financial statements for the quarterly period ending September 30, 2009.  We do not expect the adoption of SFAS 168 to have a material impact on our financial statements.

 
3.
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R), requires that the cost resulting from all stock-based payments be recognized in the financial statements based on the grant date fair value of the award.  Stock-based compensation primarily consists of stock-settled stock appreciation rights (SARs), restricted stock units (RSUs) and stock options.  We recognized pretax stock-based compensation cost in the amount of $41 million and $74 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively; and $70 million and $107 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.
 
Page 12
 
 
 
 
The following table illustrates the type and fair market value of the stock-based compensation awards granted during the six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively:
 
   
2009
 
2008
   
# Granted
 
Fair Value
Per Award
 
# Granted
 
Fair Value
Per Award
 
SARs
 
6,260,647
   
$
7.10
     
4,476,095
   
$
22.32
 
 
RSUs
 
2,185,674
     
20.22
     
1,511,523
     
69.17
 
 
Stock options
 
562,580
     
7.10
     
410,506
     
22.32
 
   
 
 
The stock price on the date of grant was $22.17 and $73.20 for 2009 and 2008, respectively.

 
The following table provides the assumptions used in determining the fair value of the stock-based awards for the six month periods ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively:
 
   
Grant Year
   
2009
 
2008
 
Weighted-average dividend yield
 
3.07%
     
1.89%
 
 
Weighted-average volatility
 
36.02%
     
27.14%
 
 
Range of volatilities
 
35.75-61.02%
     
27.13-28.99%
 
 
Range of risk-free interest rates
 
0.17-2.99%
     
1.60-3.64%
 
 
Weighted-average expected lives
 
8 years
     
8 years
 
                 

 
As of June 30, 2009, the total remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock-based compensation awards was $153 million, which will be amortized over the weighted-average remaining requisite service periods of approximately 2.0 years.

 
Our long-standing practices and policies specify all stock-based compensation awards are approved by the Compensation Committee (the Committee) of the Board of Directors on the date of grant.  The stock-based award approval process specifies the number of awards granted, the terms of the award and the grant date.  The same terms and conditions are consistently applied to all employee grants, including Officers. The Committee approves all individual Officer grants.  The number of stock-based compensation awards included in an individual’s award is determined based on the methodology approved by the Committee.  In 2007, under the terms of the Caterpillar Inc. 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan (approved by stockholders in June of 2006), the  Committee approved the exercise price methodology to be the closing price of the Company stock on the date of grant.


4.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

 
Our earnings and cash flow are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices.  In addition, the amount of Caterpillar stock that can be repurchased under our stock repurchase program is impacted by movements in the price of the stock.  Our Risk Management Policy (policy) allows for the use of derivative financial instruments to prudently manage foreign currency exchange rate, interest rate, commodity price and Caterpillar stock price exposures.  Our policy specifies that derivatives are not to be used for speculative purposes.  Derivatives that we use are primarily foreign currency forward and option contracts, interest rate swaps and commodity forward and option contracts.  Our derivative activities are subject to the management, direction and control of our senior financial officers.  Risk management practices, including the use of financial derivative instruments, are presented to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors at least annually.

 
All derivatives are recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at their fair value. On the date the derivative contract is entered, we designate the derivative as (1) a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability ("fair value" hedge), (2) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flow to be paid ("cash flow" hedge), or (3) an "undesignated" instrument. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a fair value hedge, along with the gain or loss on the hedged liability that is attributable to the hedged risk, are recorded in current earnings. Changes in the fair value of a derivative that is qualified, designated and highly effective as a cash flow hedge are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position until they are reclassified to earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.  Changes in the fair value of undesignated derivative instruments and the ineffective portion of designated derivative instruments are reported in current earnings. Cash flow from designated derivative financial instruments are classified within the same category as the item being hedged on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow.  Cash flow from undesignated derivative financial instruments are included in the investing category on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow.
 
Page 13
 
 
 
 
We formally document all relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as the risk-management objective and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions.  This process includes linking all derivatives that are designated as fair value hedges to specific assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and linking cash flow hedges to specific forecasted transactions or variability of cash flow.
 
We also formally assess, both at the hedge's inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the designated derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flow of hedged items.  When a derivative is determined not to be highly effective as a hedge or the underlying hedged transaction is no longer probable, we discontinue hedge accounting prospectively, in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 (SFAS 133), "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities."
 
We adopted SFAS 161 as of January 1, 2009.  See Note 2 for additional information.
 
 
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
Foreign currency exchange rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the U.S. dollar value of sales made and costs incurred in foreign currencies. Movements in foreign currency rates also affect our competitive position as these changes may affect business practices and/or pricing strategies of non-U.S.-based competitors. Additionally, we have balance sheet positions denominated in foreign currency, thereby creating exposure to movements in exchange rates.
 
Our Machinery and Engines operations purchase, manufacture and sell products in many locations around the world. As we have a diversified revenue and cost base, we manage our future foreign currency cash flow exposure on a net basis. We use foreign currency forward and option contracts to manage unmatched foreign currency cash inflow and outflow. Our objective is to minimize the risk of exchange rate movements that would reduce the U.S. dollar value of our foreign currency cash flow. Our policy allows for managing anticipated foreign currency cash flow for up to five years.
 
We generally designate as cash flow hedges at inception of the contract any Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, Canadian dollar, Chinese yuan, euro, Japanese yen, Mexican peso, Singapore dollar, New Zealand dollar or Swiss franc forward or option contracts that meet the requirements for hedge accounting and the maturity extends beyond the current quarter-end. Designation is performed on a specific exposure basis to support hedge accounting. The remainder of Machinery and Engines foreign currency contracts are undesignated.  We also designate as fair value hedges specific euro forward contracts used to hedge firm commitments.
 
As of June 30, 2009, $87 million of deferred net gains, net of tax, included in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position), are expected to be reclassified to current earnings (Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations) over the next twelve months when earnings are affected by the hedged transactions.  The actual amount recorded in Other income (expense) will vary based on exchange rates at the time the hedged transactions impact earnings.
 
In managing foreign currency risk for our Financial Products operations, our objective is to minimize earnings volatility resulting from conversion and the remeasurement of net foreign currency balance sheet positions. Our policy allows the use of foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset the risk of currency mismatch between our receivables and debt. All such foreign currency forward and option contracts are undesignated.

 
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate movements create a degree of risk by affecting the amount of our interest payments and the value of our fixed-rate debt. Our practice is to use interest rate derivatives to manage our exposure to interest rate changes and, in some cases, lower the cost of borrowed funds.
 
Machinery and Engines operations generally use fixed rate debt as a source of funding.  Our objective is to minimize the cost of borrowed funds.  Our policy allows us to enter into fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps and forward rate agreements to meet that objective with the intent to designate as fair value hedges at inception of the contract all fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps.  Designation as a hedge of the fair value of our fixed rate debt is performed to support hedge accounting.
 
Financial Products operations have a match-funding policy that addresses interest rate risk by aligning the interest rate profile (fixed or floating rate) of Cat Financial’s debt portfolio with the interest rate profile of their receivables portfolio within predetermined ranges on an on-going basis. In connection with that policy, we use interest rate derivative instruments to modify the debt structure to match assets within the receivables portfolio. This match-funding reduces the volatility of margins between interest-bearing assets and interest-bearing liabilities, regardless of which direction interest rates move.
 
Page 14
 
 
 
 
Our policy allows us to use fixed-to-floating, floating-to-fixed, and floating-to-floating interest rate swaps to meet the match-funding objective.  We designate fixed-to-floating interest rate swaps as fair value hedges to protect debt against changes in fair value due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.  We designate most floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges to protect against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate.

 
As of June 30, 2009, $47 million of deferred net losses, net of tax, included in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position), related to Financial Products floating-to-fixed interest rate swaps, are expected to be reclassified to current earnings (Interest expense of Financial Products in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations) over the next twelve months.

 
We have, at certain times, liquidated fixed-to-floating and floating-to-fixed swaps at both Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.  The gains or losses associated with these swaps at the time of liquidation are amortized into earnings over the original term of the underlying hedged item.

 
Commodity Price Risk
Commodity price movements create a degree of risk by affecting the price we must pay for certain raw material. Our policy is to use commodity forward and option contracts to manage the commodity risk and reduce the cost of purchased materials.

 
Our Machinery and Engines operations purchase aluminum, copper and nickel embedded in the components we purchase from suppliers. Our suppliers pass on to us price changes in the commodity portion of the component cost. In addition, we are also subject to price changes on natural gas purchased for operational use.
 
Our objective is to minimize volatility in the price of these commodities. Our policy allows us to enter into commodity forward and option contracts to lock in the purchase price of a portion of these commodities within a five-year horizon. All such commodity forward and option contracts are undesignated.  Gains of $1 million were recorded in current earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.  There were no contracts outstanding for the six months ended June 30, 2008.

 
The location and fair value of derivative instruments reported in the Statement of Financial Position are as follows:
 
 
   
(Millions of dollars)
June 30, 2009
     
Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Location
 
Asset (Liability)
Fair Value
 
Designated derivatives
         
   
Foreign exchange contracts
         
     
Machinery and Engines
Receivables – trade and other
 
$
150
 
     
Machinery and Engines
Long-term receivables – trade and other
   
182
 
     
Machinery and Engines
Accrued expenses
   
(24
)
   
Interest rate contracts
         
     
Financial Products
Receivables – trade and other
   
14
 
     
Financial Products
Long-term receivables – trade and other
   
139
 
     
Financial Products
Accrued expenses
   
(148
)
         
$
313
 
               
 
Undesignated derivatives
         
   
Foreign exchange contracts
         
     
Machinery and Engines
Receivables – trade and other
 
$
21
 
     
Machinery and Engines
Long-term receivables – trade and other
   
60
 
     
Machinery and Engines
Accrued expenses
   
(5
)
     
Financial Products
Receivables – trade and other
   
16
 
     
Financial Products
Accrued expenses
   
(52
)
   
Interest rate contracts
         
     
Machinery and Engines
Accrued expenses
   
(5
)
     
Financial Products
Receivables – trade and other
   
3
 
     
Financial Products
Long-term receivables – trade and other
   
3
 
     
Financial Products
Accrued expenses
   
(13
)
   
Commodity contracts
         
     
Machinery and Engines
Receivables – trade and other
   
1
 
         
$
29
 
               
 
Page 15
 
 
 
 
The effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments on the Statement of Results of Operations is as follows:
 

 
Fair Value Hedges
(Millions of dollars)
         
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
     
Classification
 
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses)
on Borrowings
 
Gains (Losses)
on Derivatives
 
Gains (Losses)
on Borrowings
 
Interest rate contracts
                                   
   
Financial Products
 
Other income (expense)
 
$
(160
)
 
$
155
   
$
(220
)
 
$
234
 
         
$
(160
)
 
$
155
   
$
(220
)
 
$
234
 
                                       
 
 
Cash Flow Hedges
(Millions of dollars)
     
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
             
Recognized in Earnings
     
Classification
 
Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)
 
Classification of
Gains (Losses)
 
Reclassified from AOCI (Effective Portion)
 
Recognized in Earnings
(Ineffective Portion)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
                                 
   
Machinery and Engines
 
AOCI
 
$
138
   
Other income (expense)
 
$
63
   
$
3
   
 
Interest rate contracts
                                 
   
Machinery and Engines
 
AOCI
   
   
Other income (expense)
   
(1
)
   
   
   
Financial Products
 
AOCI
   
(5
)
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
   
(22
)
   
4
 
1
           
$
133
       
$
40
   
$
7
   
                                       
 
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
             
Recognized in Earnings
     
Classification
 
Recognized in AOCI (Effective Portion)
 
Classification of
Gains (Losses)
 
Reclassified from AOCI (Effective Portion)
 
Recognized in Earnings
(Ineffective Portion)
 
Foreign exchange contracts
                                 
   
Machinery and Engines
 
AOCI
 
$
196
   
Other income (expense)
 
$
71
   
$
(3
)
 
 
Interest rate contracts
                                 
   
Machinery and Engines
 
AOCI
   
(29
)
 
Other income (expense)
   
(2
)
   
   
   
Financial Products
 
AOCI
   
(18
)
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
   
(42
)
   
5
 
1
           
$
149
       
$
27
   
$
2
   
 
 
1
The classification of the ineffective portion recognized in earnings is included in Other income (expense).
                                       
 
 
The effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments on the Statement of Results of Operations is as follows:

 
(Millions of dollars)
     
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
     
Classification of Gains or (Losses)
 
June 30, 2009
 
June 30, 2009
 
Foreign exchange contracts
                   
   
Machinery and Engines
 
Other income (expense)
 
$
4
   
$
25
 
   
Financial Products
 
Other income (expense)
   
(81
)
   
(66
)
 
Interest rate contracts
                   
   
Machinery and Engines
 
Other income (expense)
   
     
(2
)
   
Financial Products
 
Other income (expense)
   
4
     
1
 
 
Commodity contracts
                   
   
Machinery and Engines
 
Other income (expense)
   
1
     
1
 
         
$
(72
)
 
$
(41
)
                       
 
 
Stock Repurchase Risk
Payments for stock repurchase derivatives are accounted for as a reduction in stockholders’ equity.  In February 2007, the Board of Directors authorized a $7.5 billion stock repurchase program, expiring on December 31, 2011.  The amount of Caterpillar stock that can be repurchased under the authorization is impacted by movements in the price of the stock.  In August 2007, the Board of Directors authorized the use of derivative contracts to reduce stock repurchase price volatility.
 
Page 16
 
 
 
 
In connection with our stock repurchase program, we entered into capped call transactions (“call”) with a major bank for an aggregate 6.0 million shares.  Through March 31, 2008, we paid the bank $94 million for the establishment of the calls (of which $38 million was paid in the first quarter 2008 for 2.5 million shares), which was accounted for as a reduction to stockholders’ equity.  A call permits us to reduce share repurchase price volatility by providing a floor and cap on the price at which the 6.0 million shares can be repurchased.  The floor, cap and strike prices for the calls were based upon the average purchase price paid by the bank to purchase our common stock to hedge these transactions.  Each call matured and was exercisable within one year after the call was established.  If we exercised a call, we could elect to settle the transaction with the bank by physical settlement (paying cash and receiving shares), cash settlement (receiving a net amount of cash) or net share settlement (receiving a net amount of shares).
 
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, $100 million of cash was used to repurchase 1.8 million shares pursuant to calls exercised under this program.  Premiums previously paid associated with these calls were $28 million.  All outstanding calls under this program expired in 2008.


5.
Inventories
 
Inventories (principally using the "last-in, first-out" (LIFO) method) are comprised of the following:
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
June 30,
 
December 31,
   
2009
 
2008
 
Raw materials
$
2,300
   
$
2,678
 
 
Work-in-process
 
959
     
1,508
 
 
Finished goods
 
3,641
     
4,316
 
 
Supplies
 
260
     
279
 
 
Total inventories
$
7,160
   
$
8,781
 
                 
 
 
Inventory quantities have been reduced during the six months ended June 30, 2009.  This reduction resulted in a liquidation of LIFO inventory layers carried at lower costs prevailing in prior years as compared with current costs.  The effect of this reduction of inventory that is not expected to be replaced by the end of 2009 decreased Cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Results of Operations by approximately $110 million and increased Profit by approximately $85 million or $0.14 per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009.  Additional LIFO liquidations may occur during the second half of 2009.


6.
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliated Companies

 
Our investments in affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method have historically consisted primarily of a 50 percent interest in Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. (SCM) located in Japan.  On August 1, 2008, SCM redeemed half of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.’s (MHI’s) shares in SCM.  As a result, Caterpillar now owns 67 percent of the renamed entity, Caterpillar Japan Ltd. (Cat Japan) and consolidates its financial statements.  In February 2008, we sold our 23 percent equity investment in A.S.V. Inc. (ASV) resulting in a $60 million pretax gain.  Accordingly, the June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 financial position and equity investment amounts noted below do not include ASV or Cat Japan.
 
Combined financial information of the unconsolidated affiliated companies accounted for by the equity method (generally on a lag of three months or less) was as follows:
 
 
Results of Operations of unconsolidated affiliated companies:
     
   
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
   
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
(Millions of dollars)
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
Sales
$
144
   
$
1,083
   
$
267
   
$
2,171
 
 
Cost of sales
 
110
     
901
     
201
     
1,801
 
 
Gross profit
$
34
   
$
182
   
$
66
   
$
370
 
                                 
 
Profit (loss)
$
(10
)
 
$
20
   
$
(8
)
 
$
37
 
                                 
 
Page 17
 
 
 
 
Sales from SCM to Caterpillar for the three months ended June 30, 2008 of $553 million and for the six months ended June 30, 2008 of $995 million are included in the affiliated company sales.  In addition, SCM purchases of Caterpillar products were $66 million for the three months ended June 30, 2008 and $139 million for the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
 
Financial Position of unconsolidated affiliated companies:
June 30,
 
December 31,
 
(Millions of dollars)
2009
 
2008
 
Assets:
     
   
Current assets
$
211
   
$
209
 
   
Property, plant and equipment – net
 
227
     
227
 
   
Other assets
 
11
     
26
 
     
449
     
462
 
 
Liabilities:
             
   
Current liabilities
 
260
     
173
 
   
Long-term debt due after one year
 
40
     
110
 
   
Other liabilities
 
17
     
35
 
     
317
     
318
 
 
Ownership
$
132
   
$
144
 
                 
 
Caterpillar’s investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies:
 
(Millions of dollars)
             
   
Investments in equity method companies
$
66
   
$
66
 
   
Plus: Investments in cost method companies
 
26
     
28
 
   
Total investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies
$
92
   
$
94
 
             


7.
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
 
 
A.  Intangible assets
 
Intangible assets are comprised of the following:
 
 
(Dollars in millions)
Weighted Amortizable Life (Years)
 
June 30,
2009
 
December 31,
2008
 
Customer relationships
18
 
$
401
   
$
397
 
 
Intellectual property
10
   
210
     
211
 
 
Other
11
   
114
     
112
 
 
Total finite-lived intangible assets – gross
15
   
725
     
720
 
 
Less: Accumulated amortization
     
(240
)
   
(209
)
 
Intangible assets – net
   
$
485
   
$
511
 
                     

 
Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 was $13 million and $31 million, respectively.  Amortization expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 was $12 million and $32 million, respectively.  Amortization expense related to intangible assets is expected to be:
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
Thereafter
 
$
62
   
$
58
   
$
50
   
$
42
   
$
37
   
$
267
 
                                               

 
B.  Goodwill
 
 
Annually on October 1, we test goodwill for impairment in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142 "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets."  Goodwill is tested for impairment between annual tests whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that an impairment may have occurred.
 
No goodwill was impaired or disposed of during the first half of 2009 or 2008.  The carrying amount of the goodwill by reportable segment as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 was as follows:
 
Page 18
 
 

 
(Millions of dollars)
June 30,
2009
 
December 31,
2008
 
Building Construction Products
$
26
   
$
26
 
 
Cat Japan 1
 
232
     
233
 
 
Earthmoving
 
43
     
43
 
 
Excavation
 
39
     
39
 
 
Electric Power
 
203
     
203
 
 
Large Power Systems
 
569
     
569
 
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
60
     
60
 
 
Mining 1
 
28
     
27
 
 
All Other 1,2
 
1,064
     
1,061
 
 
Total
$
2,264
   
$
2,261
 
 
 
1
Change from December 31, 2008 due to foreign currency translation.
 
2
Includes all other operating segments (See Note 13).
     

 
As discussed in Note 13, our reportable segments were changed in the first quarter 2009.  As a result of these changes, goodwill of $43 million, $39 million and $28 million was reallocated to the newly formed Earthmoving, Excavation and Mining reportable segments, respectively.  The goodwill was reallocated primarily from the former reportable segments of EAME Operations, Heavy Construction & Mining and Infrastructure Development.  Additionally, goodwill of $22 million was reallocated to Building Construction Products from the All Other category, while goodwill of $478 million was reallocated to the All Other category from the former Industrial Power Systems reportable segment.  The newly formed Cat Japan reportable segment with goodwill of $232 million was previously included in the All Other category.


8.
Available-For-Sale Securities

 
Financial Products, primarily Cat Insurance, has investments in certain debt and equity securities that have been classified as available-for-sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 (SFAS 115), “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities” and recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices. These fair values are included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Unrealized gains and losses arising from the revaluation of available-for-sale securities are included, net of applicable deferred income taxes, in equity (Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position).  Realized gains and losses on sales of investments are generally determined using the FIFO ("first-in, first-out") method for debt instruments and the specific identification method for equity securities.  Realized gains and losses are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.
 
Effective April 1, 2009, we adopted the accounting and disclosure requirements of FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2.  See Note 2 for additional information.

   
June 30, 2009
 
December 31, 2008
       
Unrealized
         
Unrealized
   
       
Pretax Net
         
Pretax Net
   
 
(Millions of dollars)
Cost
Basis
 
Gains
(Losses)
 
Fair
Value
 
Cost
Basis
 
Gains
(Losses)
 
Fair
Value
 
Government debt
                                             
   
U.S. treasury bonds
$
14
   
$
   
$
14
   
$
14
   
$
1
   
$
15
 
   
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds
 
57
     
     
57
     
15
     
(1
)
   
14
 
                                                   
 
Corporate bonds
                                             
   
Corporate bonds
 
430
     
(1
)
   
429
     
343
     
(22
)
   
321
 
   
Asset-backed securities
 
158
     
(17
)
   
141
     
165
     
(27
)
   
138
 
                                                   
 
Mortgage-backed debt securities
                                             
   
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-
backed securities
 
310
     
10
     
320
     
319
     
5
     
324
 
   
Residential mortgage-backed securities
 
70
     
(16
)
   
54
     
79
     
(19
)
   
60
 
   
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
182
     
(33
)
   
149
     
176
     
(47
)
   
129
 
                                                   
 
Equity securities
                                             
   
Large capitalization value
 
90
     
2
     
92
     
126
     
(13
)
   
113
 
   
Smaller company growth
 
19
     
2
     
21
     
20
     
(2
)
   
18
 
 
Total
$
1,330
   
$
(53
)
 
$
1,277
   
$
1,257
   
$
(125
)
 
$
1,132
 
                                                 
 
Page 19
 
 

 
In first quarter 2009, we recognized pretax charges in accordance with the application of SFAS 115 for “other-than-temporary” declines in the market values of equity securities in the Cat Insurance investment portfolios of $11 million.  These charges were accounted for as a realized loss and were included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.  The cost basis of the impacted securities was adjusted to reflect these charges.  During the three months ended June 30, 2009 and the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, there were no charges for “other-than-temporary” declines in the market value of securities.
 

 
Investments in an unrealized loss position that are not other-than-temporarily impaired:
 
   
June 30, 2009
   
Less than 12 months 1
 
12 months or more 1
 
Total
 
(Millions of dollars)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Government debt
                                             
   
U.S. treasury bonds
$
4
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
4
   
$
 
   
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds
 
3
     
     
8
     
     
11
     
 
                                                   
 
Corporate bonds
                                             
   
Corporate bonds
 
67
     
1
     
79
     
9
     
146
     
10
 
   
Asset-backed securities
 
9
     
2
     
51
     
16
     
60
     
18
 
                                                   
 
Mortgage-backed debt securities
                                             
   
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-
backed securities
 
2
     
     
5
     
     
7
     
 
   
Residential mortgage-backed securities
 
     
     
54
     
16
     
54
     
16
 
   
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
24
     
2
     
107
     
32
     
131
     
34
 
                                                   
 
Equity securities
                                             
   
Large capitalization value
 
33
     
5
     
9
     
3
     
42
     
8
 
   
Smaller company growth
 
3
     
1
     
1
     
     
4
     
1
 
 
Total
$
145
   
$
11
   
$
314
   
$
76
   
$
459
   
$
87
 

 
1
Indicates length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
   
 
 
Investments in an unrealized loss position that are not other-than-temporarily impaired:
 
   
December 31, 2008
   
Less than 12 months 1
 
12 months or more 1
 
Total
 
(Millions of dollars)
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Government debt
                                             
   
U.S. treasury bonds
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
   
$
 
   
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds
 
     
     
8
     
1
     
8
     
1
 
                                                   
 
Corporate bonds
                                             
   
Corporate bonds
 
176
     
18
     
33
     
5
     
209
     
23
 
   
Asset-backed securities
 
101
     
16
     
30
     
11
     
131
     
27
 
                                                   
 
Mortgage-backed debt securities
                                             
   
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-
backed securities
 
7
     
     
19
     
1
     
26
     
1
 
   
Residential mortgage-backed securities
 
32
     
6
     
27
     
14
     
59
     
20
 
   
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
71
     
15
     
59
     
32
     
130
     
47
 
                                                   
 
Equity securities
                                             
   
Large capitalization value
 
60
     
13
     
5
     
2
     
65
     
15
 
   
Smaller company growth
 
7
     
2
     
     
     
7
     
2
 
 
Total
$
454
   
$
70
   
$
181
   
$
66
   
$
635
   
$
136
 

 
1
Indicates length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.
   
 
 
Government Debt.  The unrealized losses on our investments in U.S. Treasury bonds and other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds are the result of changes in interest rates since time of purchase.  We do not intend to sell the investments and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.  We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily-impaired as of June 30, 2009.
 
Page 20
 
 
 
 
Corporate Bonds.  The unrealized losses on our investments in corporate bonds and asset-backed securities relate primarily to an increase in credit-related yield spreads, risk aversion and heightened volatility in the financial markets since initial purchase.  We do not intend to sell the investments and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.  We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily-impaired as of June 30, 2009.

 
Mortgage-Backed Debt Securities.  The unrealized losses on our investments in mortgage-backed securities relate primarily to an increase in housing delinquencies and default rates, credit-related yield spreads, risk aversion and heightened volatility in the financial markets.  Continued weakness and lack of liquidity in the commercial sector continues to impact valuations.  We do not intend to sell the investments and it is not likely that we will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost basis.  We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily-impaired as of June 30, 2009.

Equity Securities.  Cat Insurance maintains a well-diversified equity portfolio consisting of two specific mandates:  large capitalization value stocks and smaller company growth stocks.  Despite stronger equity returns in the second quarter of 2009, the unrealized losses as of December 2008 in both the large capitalization value and smaller company growth portfolios can be attributed to weak equity markets and general economic conditions over the last 12 to 18 months.  In each case where unrealized losses exist, the respective company’s management is taking corrective action to increase shareholder value.   We do not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily-impaired as of June 30, 2009.

 
The fair value of the available-for-sale debt securities at June 30, 2009, by contractual maturity, is shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay and creditors may have the right to call obligations.
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
Fair Value
 
Due in one year or less
$
27
 
 
Due after one year through five years
$
392
 
 
Due after five years through ten years
$
224
 
 
Due after ten years
$
521
 
         

 
Proceeds from sales of investments in debt and equity securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2009 were $83 million and $170 million, respectively.  Proceeds from sales of investments in debt and equity securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 were $69 million and $173 million, respectively.  Gross gains of $1 million and gross losses of $7 million were included in current earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2009.  Gross gains of $3 million and $11 million, and gross losses of $3 million and $9 million were included in current earnings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively.


9.
Postretirement Benefits

 
A.  Pension and postretirement benefit plan costs
 
 
As discussed in Note 17, first quarter 2009 voluntary and involuntary separation programs impacted employees participating in certain U.S. and non-U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit plans.  Due to the significance of these events, certain plans were re-measured as of January 31, 2009 and March 31, 2009 as follows:
 
   
U.S. Voluntary Separation Program – Plan re-measurements as of January 31, 2009 resulted in curtailment losses to the U.S. support and management pension and other postretirement benefit plans of $80 million and $45 million, respectively.
 
   
Other U.S. Separation Programs – Certain plans were re-measured as of March 31, 2009, resulting in net curtailment losses of $44 million to pension and $16 million to other postretirement benefit plans.  Early retirement pension benefit costs of $6 million were also recognized.
 
   
Non-U.S. Separation Programs – Certain plans were re-measured as of March 31, 2009, resulting in settlement losses of $9 million to pension and curtailment losses of $1 million to other postretirement benefit plans.
 
Page 21
 
 
 
 
In March 2009, we amended our U.S. support and management other postretirement benefit plan.  Beginning in 2010, certain retirees age 65 and older will enroll in individual health plans that work with Medicare and will no longer participate in a Caterpillar-sponsored group health plan.  In addition, Caterpillar will fund a tax-advantaged Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) to assist the retirees with medical expenses.  The plan amendment required a plan re-measurement as of March 31, 2009, which resulted in a decrease in our Liability for postretirement benefits of $432 million and an increase in Accumulated other comprehensive income of $272 million after-tax.  The decrease will be amortized into earnings on a straight-line basis over approximately 7 years, the average remaining service period of active employees impacted by the plan changes.  The amendment reduced other postretirement benefits expense by approximately $20 million during the second quarter 2009.
 
The re-measurements did not have a material impact on our benefit obligations, plan assets or funded status.
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
U.S. Pension
Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Pension
Benefits
 
Other Postretirement
Benefits
   
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
   
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
For the three months ended:
                                             
 
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
                                             
   
Service cost
$
43
   
$
50
   
$
20
   
$
21
   
$
18
   
$
21
 
   
Interest cost
 
172
     
157
     
34
     
39
     
69
     
77
 
   
Expected return on plan assets
 
(193
)
   
(221
)
   
(43
)
   
(50
)
   
(27
)
   
(35
)
   
Amortization of:
                                             
     
Net asset existing at adoption of SFAS 87/106
 
     
     
     
     
1
     
1
 
     
Prior service cost /(credit) 1
 
7
     
8
     
     
1
     
(14
)
   
(9
)
     
Net actuarial loss /(gain)
 
63
     
34
     
9
     
8
     
5
     
16
 
   
Total cost included in operating profit
$
92
   
$
28
   
$
20
   
$
19
   
$
52
   
$
71
 
 
 
                                                   
 
(Millions of dollars)
   
 
   
   
June 30,
 
June 30,
 
June 30,
   
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
For the six months ended:
                                             
 
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
                                             
   
Service cost
$
92
   
$
100
   
$
44
   
$
42
   
$
36
   
$
43
 
   
Interest cost
 
342
     
314
     
70
     
78
     
143
     
154
 
   
Expected return on plan assets
 
(391
)
   
(441
)
   
(86
)
   
(100
)
   
(59
)
   
(69
)
   
Amortization of:
                                             
     
Net asset existing at adoption of SFAS 87/106
 
     
     
     
     
1
     
1
 
     
Prior service cost /(credit) 1
 
14
     
16
     
     
2
     
(13
)
   
(18
)
     
Net actuarial loss /(gain)
 
123
     
67
     
22
     
16
     
10
     
32
 
   
Net period benefit cost
 
180
     
56
     
50
     
38
     
118
     
143
 
   
Curtailments, settlements and special termination benefits 2
 
130
     
     
9
     
     
62
     
 
   
Total cost included in operating profit
$
310
   
$
56
   
$
59
   
$
38
   
$
180
   
$
143
 
                                                     
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to
determine net cost:
                                             
 
Discount rate
 
6.3
%
   
5.8
%
   
4.6
%
   
5.3
%
   
6.2
%
   
5.8
%
 
Expected return on plan assets
 
8.5
%
   
9.0
%
   
6.6
%
   
7.6
%
   
8.5
%
   
9.0
%
 
Rate of compensation increase
 
4.5
%
   
4.5
%
   
3.7
%
   
4.0
%
   
4.4
%
   
4.4
%
 
 
1
Prior service costs for both pension and other postretirement benefits are generally amortized using the straight-line method over the average remaining service period to the full retirement eligibility date of employees expected to receive benefits from the plan amendment. For other postretirement benefit plans in which all or almost all of the plan's participants are fully eligible for benefits under the plan, prior service costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining life expectancy of those participants.
 
2
Curtailments, settlements and special termination benefits were recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.
 
 
We made $953 million of contributions to our U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans during the six months ended June 30, 2009, including a voluntary contribution to our U.S. plans of 18.2 million shares ($650 million) in Caterpillar stock, held as treasury stock.  We currently anticipate additional cash contributions of approximately $50 million during the remainder of the year.
 
Page 22
 
 
 
 
As discussed in Note 2, we adopted the year-end measurement date provisions of SFAS 158 as of January 1, 2008.

 
B.  Defined contribution benefit plan costs
 
 
Beginning in June 2009, we began funding our employer matching contribution for certain U.S. defined contribution plans in Caterpillar stock, held as treasury stock.   As of June 30, 2009, we have made $9 million of matching contributions in Caterpillar stock.
 
Total company costs related to U.S. and non-U.S. defined contribution plans were as follows:
 
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
(Millions of dollars)
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
U.S. Plans
$
55
   
$
36
   
$
94
   
$
83
 
 
Non-U.S. Plans
 
6
     
9
     
15
     
17
 
   
$
61
   
$
45
   
$
109
   
$
100
 
                                 
 
 
10.
Guarantees and Product Warranty

 
We have provided an indemnity to a third-party insurance company for potential losses related to performance bonds issued on behalf of Caterpillar dealers.  The bonds are issued to insure governmental agencies against nonperformance by certain Caterpillar dealers.
 
We provide loan guarantees to third-party lenders for financing associated with machinery purchased by customers. These guarantees have varying terms and are secured by the machinery. In addition, Cat Financial participates in standby letters of credit issued to third parties on behalf of their customers. These standby letters of credit have varying terms and beneficiaries and are secured by customer assets.
 
Cat Financial has provided a limited indemnity to a third-party bank for $23 million resulting from the assignment of certain leases to that bank. The indemnity is for the possibility that the insurers of these leases would become insolvent. The indemnity expires December 15, 2012 and is unsecured.
 
No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under any of the guarantees noted above.  At June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the related liability was $15 million and $14 million, respectively. The maximum potential amount of future payments (undiscounted and without reduction for any amounts that may possibly be recovered under recourse or collateralized provisions) we could be required to make under the guarantees are as follows:

 
(Millions of dollars)
June 30,
 
December 31,
   
2009
 
2008
 
Guarantees with Caterpillar dealers
$
93
   
$
100
 
 
Guarantees with customers
 
185
     
136
 
 
Limited indemnity
 
23
     
25
 
 
Guarantees – other
 
64
     
43
 
 
Total guarantees
$
365
   
$
304
 
                 
 
 
We provide guarantees to repurchase certain loans of Caterpillar dealers from a financial trust (“Trust”) that qualifies as a variable interest entity under FIN 46R, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities – An Interpretation of ARB No. 51 (Revised 2003).” The purpose of the Trust is to provide short-term working capital loans to Caterpillar dealers.  This Trust issues commercial paper and uses the proceeds to fund its loan program.  We have a loan purchase agreement with the Trust that obligates us to purchase certain loans that are not paid at maturity.  We receive a fee for providing this guarantee, which provides a source of liquidity for the Trust.   At December 31, 2008, we determined that we were the primary beneficiary of the Trust as our guarantee would require us to absorb a majority of the entity’s expected losses, and therefore consolidated the financial position of the Trust in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  As of June 30, 2009, the Trust’s assets of $409 million are primarily comprised of loans to dealers and the liabilities of $409 million are primarily comprised of commercial paper.  No loss has been experienced or is anticipated under this loan purchase agreement. Our assets are not available to pay creditors of the Trust, except to the extent we may be obligated to perform under the guarantee, and assets of the Trust are not available to pay our creditors.
 
Page 23
 
 
 
 
Our product warranty liability is determined by applying historical claim rate experience to the current field population and dealer inventory.  Generally, historical claim rates are based on actual warranty experience for each product by machine model/engine size.  Specific rates are developed for each product build month and are updated monthly based on actual warranty claim experience.  For the six months ended June 30, 2009, the liability related to pre-existing warranties increased $197 million based on higher than expected actual warranty claim experience.
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
2009
 
Warranty liability, January 1
$
1,201
 
 
Reduction in liability (payments)
 
(562
)
 
Changes in estimates for pre-existing warranties
 
197
 
 
Increase in liability (new warranties)
 
368
 
 
Warranty liability, June 30
$
1,204
 
         
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
2008
 
Warranty liability, January 1
$
1,045
 
 
Reduction in liability (payments)
 
(1,074
)
 
Increase in liability (new warranties)
 
1,230
 
 
Warranty liability, December 31
$
1,201
 
         
 

11.
Computations of Profit Per Share
 
   
Three Months Ended
June 30,
 
Six Months Ended
June 30,
 
(Dollars in millions except per share data)
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
I.
 
Profit for the period (A) 1:
$
371
   
$
1,106
   
$
259
   
$
2,028
 
                                     
 
II.
 
Determination of shares (in millions):
                             
     
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (B)
 
611.8
     
614.3
     
607.6
     
616.0
 
     
Shares issuable on exercise of stock awards, net of shares assumed
to be purchased out of proceeds at average market price
 
8.0
     
21.2
     
6.4
     
21.0
 
     
Average common shares outstanding for fully diluted computation (C)
 
619.8
     
635.5
     
614.0
     
637.0
 
                                     
 
III.
 
Profit per share of common stock:
                             
     
Assuming no dilution (A/B)
$
0.61
   
$
1.80
   
$
0.43
   
$
3.29
 
     
Assuming full dilution (A/C)
$
0.60
   
$
1.74
   
$
0.42
   
$
3.18
 
 
 
1
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
   
 
 
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, there were outstanding SARs and stock options to purchase 29,040,001 and 41,376,879 common shares, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effect would have been antidilutive.  SARs and stock options to purchase 4,871,995 common shares were outstanding for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, which were antidilutive.


12.
Environmental, Legal and Tax Matters

 
The company is regulated by federal, state and international environmental laws governing our use, transport and disposal of substances and control of emissions. In addition to governing our manufacturing and other operations, these laws often impact the development of our products, including, but not limited to, required compliance with air emissions standards applicable to internal combustion engines. Compliance with these existing laws has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or global competitive position.
 
We are engaged in remedial activities at a number of locations, often with other companies, pursuant to federal and state laws.  When it is probable we will pay remedial costs at a site and those costs can be reasonably estimated, the costs are charged against our earnings.  In formulating that estimate, we do not consider amounts expected to be recovered from insurance companies or others.  The amount recorded for environmental remediation is not material and is included in Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
 
Page 24
 
 
 
 
We cannot reasonably estimate costs at sites in the very early stages of remediation.  Currently, we have a few sites in the very early stages of remediation, and there is no more than a remote chance that a material amount for remedial activities at any individual site, or at all sites in the aggregate, will be required.

On May 14, 2007, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Violation to Caterpillar Inc., alleging various violations of Clean Air Act Sections 203, 206 and 207.  EPA claims that Caterpillar violated such sections by shipping engines and catalytic converter after-treatment devices separately, introducing into commerce a number of uncertified and/or misbuilt engines, and failing to timely report emissions-related defects.  Caterpillar is currently engaging in negotiations with EPA to resolve these issues, but it is too early in the process to place precise estimates on the potential exposure to penalties.  However, Caterpillar is cooperating with EPA and, based upon initial discussions, and although penalties could potentially exceed $100,000, management does not believe that this issue will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

On February 8, 2009, an incident at Caterpillar's Joliet, Illinois facility resulted in the release of approximately 3,000 gallons of wastewater into the Des Plaines River. In coordination with state and federal authorities, appropriate remediation measures have been taken. On February 23, the Illinois Attorney General filed a Complaint in Will County Circuit Court containing seven Counts of violations of state environmental laws and regulations.  Each Count seeks injunctive relief, as well as statutory penalties of $50,000 per violation and $10,000 per day of violation. In addition, on March 5, the U.S. EPA served Caterpillar with a Notice of Intent to file a Civil Administrative Action, indicating EPA’s intent to seek civil penalties for violations of the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act.  The Notice of Intent seeks up to $16,000 per day of violation.  Neither the Complaint nor the Notice of Intent quantifies the total number of violations or total number of days during which violations are alleged to have occurred. At this time, we do not believe these proceedings will have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

 
We have disclosed certain individual legal proceedings in this filing.  Additionally, we are involved in other unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. The most prevalent of these unresolved actions involve disputes related to product design, manufacture and performance liability (including claimed asbestos and welding fumes exposure), contracts, employment issues or intellectual property rights.  Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions, we believe that these actions will not individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.
 
The provision for income taxes in the first six months of 2009 reflects a discrete period effective tax rate of negative 20.5 percent compared to an estimated annual tax rate of 31.3 percent for the first six months of 2008, excluding discrete benefits of $47 million in the first six months of 2008.  A discrete calculation was used to report the tax provision for the first six months of 2009 rather than an estimated annual tax rate as the estimated range of annual profit before tax produces significant variability and makes it difficult to reasonably estimate the annual effective tax rate.  The negative tax rate for the first six months of 2009 results from a $40 million tax benefit on profit before tax of $189 million and was driven primarily by a favorable geographic mix of profits and losses from a tax perspective and the net favorable impact of U.S. permanent differences and credits including the research and development tax credit.
 
If global recessionary conditions continue, it is reasonably possible that increases in valuation allowances against deferred tax assets of certain non-U.S. entities may be required in the next twelve months.
 
We anticipate the U.S. appeals process for tax years 1995 to 1999, primarily related to foreign sales corporation commissions, foreign tax credit calculations and research and development credits, will be completed in 2009.  In the opinion of management, the ultimate disposition of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, liquidity or results of operations.


13.
Segment Information

A.
Basis for segment information
Caterpillar is organized based on a decentralized structure that has established responsibilities to continually improve business focus and increase our ability to react quickly to changes in the global business cycle, customer needs and competitors' actions. Our current structure uses a matrix organization comprised of multiple profit and cost center divisions.

 
In the first quarter of 2009, our organizational responsibilities were changed significantly to align the machine product, manufacturing and marketing organizations.  The new divisional structure and revised set of responsibilities are as follows:

 
§
Machine business divisions are profit centers primarily responsible for product management, development, marketing, sales and product support.  Machine business divisions also have select manufacturing responsibilities.  These activities were previously included within product and component divisions, manufacturing divisions and machinery marketing divisions.  Inter-segment sales of components may also be a source of revenue for these divisions.
 
Page 25
 
 
 
§
Engine business divisions are profit centers primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacturing, marketing, sales and product support.  Inter-segment sales of engines and/or components may also be a source of revenue for these divisions.
 
 
§
Component business divisions are profit centers primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacturing, marketing and product support for internal and external customers.  Some of these activities were previously included within product and manufacturing divisions.  Inter-segment sales of components are a source of revenue for these divisions.
 
 
§
Service business divisions are profit centers primarily responsible for various services and service-related products to customers including financial, logistics, remanufacturing and rail services.  Inter-segment sales of services and service-related products are a source of revenue for some of these divisions.
 
 
§
Manufacturing services divisions are cost centers primarily responsible for the manufacture of products and/or components within the geographic regions of the Americas and EAME. Previously manufacturing divisions were profit centers with inter-segment sales of components, machines and/or engines to product divisions as the primary sources of revenue.
 
 
§
Corporate services divisions are cost centers primarily responsible for the performance of certain support functions globally (e.g., Finance, Human Resources, Information Technology, Legal and Purchasing) and to provide centralized services.
 
 
§
Regional distribution services divisions are cost centers primarily responsible for the total portfolio of business with each dealer, the dealer relationship, dealer development and ensuring the most efficient and effective distribution of machines, engines and parts.  Previously these functions were primarily performed by machinery marketing divisions.
 
 
§
Centers of excellence divisions are cost centers primarily responsible for Caterpillar’s most critical/differentiating processes in the areas of Marketing and Product Support, Production and Product Development.  Previously these organizations were considered service divisions.

 
The segment information for 2008 has been retrospectively adjusted to conform to the 2009 presentation.

 
Our measurement system is complex and is designed to evaluate performance and to drive continuous improvement.  We have chosen to disclose financial results by our three principal lines of business (Machinery, Engines and Financial Products) in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis rather than by reportable segment based on the following:
 
 
§
Our Machinery and Engines businesses are vertically integrated and there are a significant amount of inter-segment transactions that make information for individual segments less meaningful.
 
 
§
A significant amount of corporate and other costs ($374 million and $745 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, and $418 million and $687 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008, respectively) are allocated to Machinery and Engines business divisions based on budgeted external and inter-segment sales.  It would be difficult to provide meaningful information by reportable segment for these costs as the allocation method does not directly reflect the benefited segment and the allocation is done in total, not by financial statement line item.  In addition, the budgeted amount is allocated to segments; any differences from budget are treated as a reconciling item between reportable segment and consolidated results.
 
 
§
As discussed below, there are various methodology differences between our segment reporting and U.S. GAAP.  This results in numerous reconciling items between reportable segment and consolidated results.
 
 
§
We have twenty-two operating segments, of which eleven are reportable segments.  Reporting financial information for this number of businesses, especially considering our level of vertical integration, would not be meaningful to our financial statement users.

 
In summary, due to Caterpillar's high level of integration and our concern that segment disclosures based on SFAS 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information” has limited value for our external readers, we are continuing to disclose financial results for our three principal lines of business (Machinery, Engines and Financial Products) in our Management's Discussion and Analysis beginning on page 43.

B.
Description of segments
 
Profit center divisions meet the SFAS 131 definition of “operating segments”; however, the cost center divisions do not.  Following is a brief description of our eleven reportable segments and the business activities included in all other operating segments:
 
Building Construction Products:  A machine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of light construction machines, forestry machines and select work tools.
 
 
Cat Japan:  A business division primarily responsible for the development of small, medium and large hydraulic excavators, manufacturing of select machinery and components, marketing, sales and product support of machinery, engines and components in Japan.
 
Earthmoving:  A machine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, marketing, sales and product support of medium wheel loaders, medium track-type tractors, track-type loaders, motor graders and pipelayers.  Also responsible for manufacturing of select machines in Asia.
 
Page 26
 
 
 
 
Electric Power:  An engine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of reciprocating engine powered generator sets as well as integrated systems used in the electric power generation industry.

Excavation:  A machine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, marketing, sales and product support of small, medium and large excavators, wheeled excavators and articulated trucks.  Also responsible for manufacturing of select machines in Asia and articulated trucks.

Large Power Systems:  An engine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacture and product support of reciprocating engines supplied to Caterpillar machinery and the electric power, on-highway vehicle, petroleum, marine and industrial industries.  Also responsible for engine component manufacturing and the marketing and sales of on-highway vehicle engines.

Logistics:  A service business division primarily responsible for logistics services for Caterpillar and other companies.

Marine & Petroleum Power:  An engine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, marketing, sales and product support of reciprocating engines supplied to the marine and petroleum industries.  Also responsible for manufacturing of certain reciprocating engines for marine, petroleum and electric power applications.

 
Mining:  A machine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, marketing, sales and product support of large track-type tractors, large mining trucks, underground mining equipment and tunnel boring equipment.  Also responsible for manufacturing of underground mining equipment and tunnel boring equipment.
 
Turbines:  An engine business division primarily responsible for product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of turbines and turbine-related services.
 
Financing & Insurance Services:  Provides financing to customers and dealers for the purchase and lease of Caterpillar and other equipment, as well as some financing for Caterpillar sales to dealers.  Financing plans include operating and finance leases, installment sale contracts, working capital loans and wholesale financing plans. The division also provides various forms of insurance to customers and dealers to help support the purchase and lease of our equipment.

 
All Other:  Primarily includes activities such as: the product management, development, marketing, sales and product support of large wheel loaders, quarry and construction trucks, wheel tractor scrapers, wheel dozers, compactors and select work tools.  Also responsible for manufacturing of select machines in Asia; the product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of reciprocating engines used in industrial applications; the product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of machinery and engine components, electronics and control systems; the product management, development, manufacture, remanufacture, maintenance and service of rail-related products and services; remanufacturing of Caterpillar engines and components and remanufacturing services for other companies; the product management, development, manufacture, marketing, sales and product support of paving products.  Results for All Other operating segments are included as reconciling items between reportable segments and consolidated, external reporting.

C.
Segment measurement and reconciliations
 
 
Effective the first quarter of 2009, we made the following changes to our segment reporting methodology:
 
 
§
Machine business divisions include actual manufacturing costs and assets from manufacturing service divisions.  Previously these costs were valued on a manufacturing fee or transfer price basis and manufacturing assets were included in manufacturing divisions.
 
 
§
Business divisions receive actual costs and assets from corporate services divisions, regional distribution services divisions and centers of excellence.  Previously these costs were either charged to or excluded from profit center accountable profit while assets were included in service divisions.   Costs for regional distribution services divisions and Marketing and Product Support Center of Excellence are allocated to business divisions based on budgeted external and inter-segment sales.
 
 
§
The majority of other income and expense items are excluded from segment results.  Previously they had been included.
 
 
§
Certain corporate and other costs are allocated and included in the business division’s accountable profit at budgeted levels.  Any differences from budget are treated as reconciling items.  Previously all these costs were excluded from accountable profit.  The allocation is based on budgeted external and inter-segment sales and costs are not assigned to individual financial statement line items.
 
Page 27
 
 
 
 
§
Interest expense is not included in Machinery and Engines segment results.  Previously interest expense was imputed (i.e, charged) to profit centers based on their level of accountable assets.
 
 
§
Certain corporate assets are allocated and included in the business division’s assets.  Previously they were reconciling items between segment and consolidated reporting.

 
There are several methodology differences between our segment reporting and our external reporting.  The following is a list of the more significant methodology differences:
 
 
§
Generally, liabilities are managed at the corporate level and are not included in segment operations.  Segment accountable assets generally include inventories, receivables and property, plant and equipment.
 
 
§
Segment inventories and cost of sales are valued using a current cost methodology.
 
 
§
Currency exposures are generally managed at the corporate level and the effects of changes in exchange rates on results of operations within the year are not included in segment results.  The net difference created in the translation of revenues and costs between exchange rates used for U.S. GAAP reporting and exchange rates used for segment reporting are recorded as a methodology difference.
 
 
§
Postretirement benefits are split; service and prior service costs are included in segment results based on plan participation.  The remaining elements of net periodic benefit costs (at budget levels) are allocated to business divisions based on budgeted external and inter-segment sales (as part of the corporate cost allocation).  Any differences from budget for the remaining elements are treated as reconciling items.
 
 
§
Interest expense is not included in Machinery and Engines segment results.
 
 
§
Accountable profit is determined on a pretax basis.
 
 
Reconciling items are created based on accounting differences between segment reporting and our consolidated external reporting. Please refer to pages 29 to 35 for financial information regarding significant reconciling items.  Most of our reconciling items are self-explanatory given the above explanations.  For the reconciliation of profit (loss), we have grouped the reconciling items as follows:
 
 
§
Corporate costs:  Certain corporate costs are allocated and included in the business division’s accountable profit at budgeted levels.  Any differences are treated as reconciling items.  Previously all these costs were excluded from accountable profit.  These costs are related to corporate requirements and strategies that are considered to be for the benefit of the entire organization.
 
 
§
Redundancy costs:  Redundancy costs include pension and other postretirement benefit plan curtailments, settlements and special termination benefits as well as employee separation charges. Most of these costs are reconciling items between accountable profit and consolidated profit before tax. Table “Reconciliation of Redundancy Costs” on page 32 has been included to illustrate how segment accountable profit would have been impacted by the redundancy costs.  See Notes 9 and 17 for more information.
 
 
§
Methodology differences:  See previous discussion of significant accounting differences between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting.
 
 
§
Timing:   Timing differences in the recognition of costs between segment reporting and consolidated external reporting.
 
Page 28
 
 
 
Reportable Segments
Three Months Ended June 30,
(Millions of dollars)
 
2009
 
External
sales and
revenues
 
Inter-segment
sales and
revenues
 
Total sales and
revenues
 
Depreciation
and
amortization
 
Accountable
profit (loss)
 
Accountable
assets at
June 30
 
Capital
expenditures
Building Construction Products
$
260
   
$
7
   
$
267
   
$
9
   
$
(57
)
 
$
815
   
$
5
 
Cat Japan
 
308
     
105
     
413
     
29
     
(75
)
   
2,810
     
13
 
Earthmoving
 
665
     
20
     
685
     
23
     
(92
)
   
2,012
     
26
 
Electric Power
 
584
     
5
     
589
     
6
     
37
     
823
     
4
 
Excavation
 
489
     
11
     
500
     
15
     
(108
)
   
1,241
     
9
 
Large Power Systems
 
523
     
829
     
1,352
     
47
     
23
     
2,760
     
21
 
Logistics
 
170
     
303
     
473
     
27
     
107
     
849
     
6
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
728
     
13
     
741
     
4
     
69
     
784
     
17
 
Mining
 
797
     
31
     
828
     
20
     
129
     
1,200
     
11
 
Turbines
 
829
     
4
     
833
     
15
     
212
     
796
     
10
 
 
Total Machinery & Engines
$
5,353
   
$
1,328
   
$
6,681
   
$
195
   
$
245
   
$
14,090
   
$
122
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
772
     
(1
)
   
771
     
182
     
144
     
29,321
     
218
 
 
Total
$
6,125
   
$
1,327
   
$
7,452
   
$
377
   
$
389
   
$
43,411
   
$
340
 
   
 
2008
 
External
sales and
revenues
 
Inter-segment
sales and
revenues
 
Total sales and
revenues
 
Depreciation
and
amortization
 
Accountable
profit (loss)
 
Accountable
assets at
Dec. 31
 
Capital
expenditures
Building Construction Products
$
937
   
$
14
   
$
951
   
$
8
   
$
(11
)
 
$
878
   
$
13
 
Cat Japan
 
     
     
     
     
     
3,165
     
 
Earthmoving
 
2,069
     
39
     
2,108
     
21
     
163
     
2,477
     
50
 
Electric Power
 
891
     
6
     
897
     
5
     
69
     
1,068
     
8
 
Excavation
 
1,660
     
34
     
1,694
     
12
     
58
     
1,646
     
27
 
Large Power Systems
 
905
     
1,342
     
2,247
     
46
     
171
     
3,055
     
76
 
Logistics
 
227
     
411
     
638
     
26
     
112
     
971
     
24
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
977
     
22
     
999
     
4
     
109
     
758
     
12
 
Mining
 
1,079
     
55
     
1,134
     
15
     
163
     
1,339
     
13
 
Turbines
 
971
     
1
     
972
     
13
     
212
     
943
     
23
 
 
Total Machinery & Engines
$
9,716
   
$
1,924
   
$
11,640
   
$
150
   
$
1,046
   
$
16,300
   
$
246
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
829
     
     
829
     
190
     
190
     
32,900
     
411
 
 
Total
$
10,545
   
$
1,924
   
$
12,469
   
$
340
   
$
1,236
   
$
49,200
   
$
657
 
   
 
Reportable Segments
Six Months Ended June 30,
(Millions of dollars)
 
2009
 
External
sales and
revenues
 
Inter-segment
sales and
revenues
 
Total sales and
revenues
 
Depreciation
and
amortization
 
Accountable
profit (loss)
 
Accountable
assets at
June 30
 
Capital
expenditures
Building Construction Products
$
573
   
$
11
   
$
584
   
$
17
   
$
(133
)
 
$
815
   
$
8
 
Cat Japan
 
638
     
482
     
1,120
     
74
     
(165
)
   
2,810
     
58
 
Earthmoving
 
1,748
     
41
     
1,789
     
45
     
(164
)
   
2,012
     
46
 
Electric Power
 
1,319
     
10
     
1,329
     
13
     
127
     
823
     
7
 
Excavation
 
1,192
     
37
     
1,229
     
30
     
(216
)
   
1,241
     
18
 
Large Power Systems
 
1,076
     
1,923
     
2,999
     
94
     
103
     
2,760
     
36
 
Logistics
 
347
     
628
     
975
     
54
     
196
     
849
     
19
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
1,603
     
29
     
1,632
     
8
     
168
     
784
     
25
 
Mining
 
1,672
     
68
     
1,740
     
40
     
222
     
1,200
     
20
 
Turbines
 
1,640
     
7
     
1,647
     
30
     
390
     
796
     
19
 
 
Total Machinery & Engines
$
11,808
   
$
3,236
   
$
15,044
   
$
405
   
$
528
   
$
14,090
   
$
256
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
1,595
     
     
1,595
     
362
     
233
     
29,321
     
443
 
 
Total
$
13,403
   
$
3,236
   
$
16,639
   
$
767
   
$
761
   
$
43,411
   
$
699
 
   
 
Page 29
 
 
 
 
2008
 
External
sales and
revenues
 
Inter-segment
sales and
revenues
 
Total sales and
revenues
 
Depreciation
and
amortization
 
Accountable
profit (loss)
 
Accountable
assets at
Dec. 31
 
Capital
expenditures
Building Construction Products
$
1,795
   
$
31
   
$
1,826
   
$
17
   
$
   
$
878
   
$
21
 
Cat Japan
 
     
     
     
     
     
3,165
     
 
Earthmoving
 
3,831
     
76
     
3,907
     
40
     
313
     
2,477
     
90
 
Electric Power
 
1,606
     
10
     
1,616
     
11
     
114
     
1,068
     
15
 
Excavation
 
3,152
     
56
     
3,208
     
25
     
106
     
1,646
     
42
 
Large Power Systems
 
1,730
     
2,485
     
4,215
     
89
     
371
     
3,055
     
164
 
Logistics
 
447
     
770
     
1,217
     
59
     
220
     
971
     
32
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
1,795
     
33
     
1,828
     
7
     
176
     
758
     
25
 
Mining
 
1,975
     
100
     
2,075
     
22
     
299
     
1,339
     
24
 
Turbines
 
1,573
     
4
     
1,577
     
26
     
300
     
943
     
32
 
 
Total Machinery & Engines
$
17,904
   
$
3,565
   
$
21,469
   
$
296
   
$
1,899
   
$
16,300
   
$
445
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
1,808
     
     
1,808
     
379
     
402
     
32,900
     
720
 
 
Total
$
19,712
   
$
3,565
   
$
23,277
   
$
675
   
$
2,301
   
$
49,200
   
$
1,165
 
   

 
Reconciliation of Sales and revenues:
 
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                               
Total external sales and revenues from reportable segments
$
5,353
   
$
772
   
$
     
$
6,125
 
All other operating segments
 
1,921
     
     
       
1,921
 
Other
 
(20
)
   
42
     
(93
)
1
   
(71
)
Total sales and revenues
$
7,254
   
$
814
   
$
(93
)
   
$
7,975
 
                                 
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                               
Total external sales and revenues from reportable segments
$
9,716
   
$
829
   
$
     
$
10,545
 
All other operating segments
 
3,174
     
     
       
3,174
 
Other
 
(93
)
   
81
     
(83
)
1
   
(95
)
Total sales and revenues
$
12,797
   
$
910
   
$
(83
)
   
$
13,624
 
 
1
Elimination of Financial Products revenues from Machinery and Engines.

 
Reconciliation of Sales and revenues:
 
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                               
Total external sales and revenues from reportable segments
$
11,808
   
$
1,595
   
$
     
$
13,403
 
All other operating segments
 
3,947
     
     
       
3,947
 
Other
 
9
     
15
     
(174
)
1
   
(150
)
Total sales and revenues
$
15,764
   
$
1,610
   
$
(174
)
   
$
17,200
 
                                 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                               
Total external sales and revenues from reportable segments
$
17,904
   
$
1,808
   
$
     
$
19,712
 
All other operating segments
 
5,908
     
     
       
5,908
 
Other
 
(36
)
   
14
     
(178
)
1
   
(200
)
Total sales and revenues
$
23,776
   
$
1,822
   
$
(178
)
   
$
25,420
 
 
1
Elimination of Financial Products revenues from Machinery and Engines.
 
Page 30
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes:
         
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidated
Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                     
Total accountable profit from reportable segments
$
245
   
$
144
   
$
389
 
All other operating segments
 
9
     
     
9
 
Cost centers
 
(17
)
   
     
(17
)
Corporate costs
 
35
     
     
35
 
Timing
 
9
     
     
9
 
Redundancy costs
 
(70
)
   
     
(70
)
Methodology differences:
                     
 
Inventory/cost of sales
 
1
     
     
1
 
 
Postretirement benefit expense
 
9
     
     
9
 
 
Financing costs
 
(146
)
   
     
(146
)
 
Equity in profit of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
1
     
     
1
 
 
Currency
 
154
     
     
154
 
 
Other methodology differences
 
31
     
(4
)
   
27
 
Total profit before taxes
$
261
   
$
140
   
$
401
 
                       
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                     
Total accountable profit from reportable segments
$
1,046
   
$
190
   
$
1,236
 
All other operating segments
 
429
     
     
429
 
Cost centers
 
71
     
     
71
 
Corporate costs
 
(102
)
   
     
(102
)
Timing
 
3
     
     
3
 
Methodology differences:
                     
 
Inventory/cost of sales
 
(23
)
   
     
(23
)
 
Postretirement benefit expense
 
55
     
     
55
 
 
Financing costs
 
(70
)
   
     
(70
)
 
Equity in profit of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
(10
)
   
     
(10
)
 
Currency
 
(24
)
   
     
(24
)
 
Other methodology differences
 
(28
)
   
1
     
(27
)
Total profit before taxes
$
1,347
   
$
191
   
$
1,538
 
                       

 
Reconciliation of Consolidated profit before taxes:
         
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidated
Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                     
Total accountable profit from reportable segments
$
528
   
$
233
   
$
761
 
All other operating segments
 
44
     
     
44
 
Cost centers
 
12
     
     
12
 
Corporate costs
 
137
     
     
137
 
Timing
 
(2
)
   
     
(2
)
Redundancy costs
 
(617
)
   
(11
)
   
(628
)
Methodology differences:
                     
 
Inventory/cost of sales
 
(45
)
   
     
(45
)
 
Postretirement benefit expense
 
25
     
     
25
 
 
Financing costs
 
(288
)
   
     
(288
)
 
Equity in profit of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
     
     
 
 
Currency
 
140
     
     
140
 
 
Other methodology differences
 
36
     
(3
)
   
33
 
Total profit before taxes
$
(30
)
 
$
219
   
$
189
 
 
Page 31
 
 
 
 
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidated
Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                     
Total accountable profit from reportable segments
$
1,899
   
$
402
   
$
2,301
 
All other operating segments
 
840
     
     
840
 
Cost centers
 
26
     
     
26
 
Corporate costs
 
(91
)
   
     
(91
)
Timing
 
1
     
     
1
 
Methodology differences:
                     
 
Inventory/cost of sales
 
6
     
     
6
 
 
Postretirement benefit expense
 
32
     
     
32
 
 
Financing costs
 
(143
)
   
     
(143
)
 
Equity in profit of unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
(21
)
   
     
(21
)
 
Currency
 
(44
)
   
     
(44
)
 
Other methodology differences
 
(31
)
   
3
     
(28
)
Total profit before taxes
$
2,474
   
$
405
   
$
2,879
 
                       
 
 
Reconciliation of Redundancy costs:
         
 
As noted above, redundancy costs are a reconciling item between Accountable profit (loss) and Consolidated profit (loss) before tax. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, $15 million of redundancy costs were charged to operating segments. Had we included the remaining redundancy costs in the segments’ results, costs would have been split as shown below.
 
(Millions of dollars)
Accountable
profit (loss)
 
Redundancy
costs
 
Accountable profit
(loss) with
redundancy costs
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                     
Building Construction Products
$
(57
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
(58
)
Cat Japan
 
(75
)
   
     
(75
)
Earthmoving
 
(92
)
   
(34
)
   
(126
)
Electric Power
 
37
     
(1
)
   
36
 
Excavation
 
(108
)
   
(15
)
   
(123
)
Large Power Systems
 
23
     
     
23
 
Logistics
 
107
     
(1
)
   
106
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
69
     
     
69
 
Mining
 
129
     
(3
)
   
126
 
Turbines
 
212
     
     
212
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
144
     
     
144
 
All other operating segments
 
9
     
(15
)
   
(6
)
 
Consolidated Total
$
398
   
$
(70
)
 
$
328
 
 
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                     
Building Construction Products
$
(133
)
 
$
(40
)
 
$
(173
)
Cat Japan
 
(165
)
   
(3
)
   
(168
)
Earthmoving
 
(164
)
   
(89
)
   
(253
)
Electric Power
 
127
     
(22
)
   
105
 
Excavation
 
(216
)
   
(60
)
   
(276
)
Large Power Systems
 
103
     
(89
)
   
14
 
Logistics
 
196
     
(29
)
   
167
 
Marine & Petroleum Power
 
168
     
(10
)
   
158
 
Mining
 
222
     
(53
)
   
169
 
Turbines
 
390
     
     
390
 
Financing & Insurance Services
 
233
     
(11
)
   
222
 
All other operating segments
 
44
     
(222
)
   
(178
)
 
Consolidated Total
$
805
   
$
(628
)
 
$
177
 
 
 
 
Page 32
 
 

Reconciliation of Assets:
             
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
June 30, 2009:
                             
Total accountable assets from reportable segments
$
14,090
   
$
29,321
   
$
   
$
43,411
 
All other operating segments
 
8,538
     
     
     
8,538
 
Items not included in segment assets:
                             
 
Cash and short-term investments
 
1,675
     
2,316
     
     
3,991
 
 
Intercompany receivables
 
99
     
1,051
     
(1,150
)
   
 
 
Investment in Financial Products
 
4,175
     
     
(4,175
)
   
 
 
Deferred income taxes and prepaids
 
4,631
     
160
     
(451
)
   
4,340
 
 
Intangible assets and other assets
 
1,186
     
235
     
     
1,421
 
Liabilities included in segment assets
 
2,608
     
     
     
2,608
 
Inventory methodology differences
 
(2,887
)
   
     
     
(2,887
)
Other
 
776
     
(106
)
   
     
670
 
Total assets
$
34,891
   
$
32,977
   
$
(5,776
)
 
$
62,092
 
                               
December 31, 2008:
                             
Total accountable assets from reportable segments
$
16,300
   
$
32,900
   
$
   
$
49,200
 
All other operating segments
 
9,245
     
     
     
9,245
 
Items not included in segment assets:
                             
 
Cash and short-term investments
 
1,517
     
1,219
     
     
2,736
 
 
Intercompany receivables
 
540
     
76
     
(616
)
   
 
 
Investment in Financial Products
 
3,788
     
     
(3,788
)
   
 
 
Deferred income taxes and prepaids
 
4,759
     
244
     
(474
)
   
4,529
 
 
Intangible assets and other assets
 
1,224
     
29
     
     
1,253
 
Liabilities included in segment assets
 
2,967
     
     
     
2,967
 
Inventory methodology differences
 
(2,747
)
   
     
     
(2,747
)
Other
 
686
     
(87
)
   
     
599
 
Total assets
$
38,279
   
$
34,381
   
$
(4,878
)
 
$
67,782
 
                               

 
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization:
 
(Millions of dollars)
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                             
Total accountable depreciation and amortization
from reportable segments
$
195
   
$
182
   
$
   
$
377
 
Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
119
     
     
     
119
 
 
Cost centers
 
46
     
     
     
46
 
 
Other
 
(4
)
   
     
     
(4
)
Total depreciation and amortization
$
356
   
$
182
   
$
   
$
538
 
                               
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                             
Total accountable depreciation and amortization
from reportable segments
$
150
   
$
190
   
$
   
$
340
 
Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
101
     
     
     
101
 
 
Cost centers
 
42
     
     
     
42
 
 
Other
 
(3
)
   
     
     
(3
)
Total depreciation and amortization
$
290
   
$
190
   
$
   
$
480
 
                               
 
Page 33
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Depreciation and amortization:
 
(Millions of dollars)
 
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                             
Total accountable depreciation and amortization
from reportable segments
$
405
   
$
362
   
$
   
$
767
 
Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
229
     
     
     
229
 
 
Cost centers
 
86
     
     
     
86
 
 
Other
 
(10
)
   
     
     
(10
)
Total depreciation and amortization
$
710
   
$
362
   
$
   
$
1,072
 
                               
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                             
Total accountable depreciation and amortization
from reportable segments
$
296
   
$
379
   
$
   
$
675
 
Items not included in segment depreciation and amortization:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
201
     
     
     
201
 
 
Cost centers
 
84
     
     
     
84
 
 
Other
 
(8
)
   
     
     
(8
)
Total depreciation and amortization
$
573
   
$
379
   
$
   
$
952
 
                               
 

Reconciliation of Capital expenditures:
 
(Millions of dollars)
 
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Three Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                             
Total accountable capital expenditures
from reportable segments
$
122
   
$
218
   
$
   
$
340
 
Items not included in segment capital expenditures:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
76
     
     
     
76
 
 
Cost centers
 
20
     
     
     
20
 
 
Other
 
     
3
     
     
3
 
Total capital expenditures
$
218
   
$
221
   
$
   
$
439
 
                               
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                             
Total accountable capital expenditures
from reportable segments
$
246
   
$
411
   
$
   
$
657
 
Items not included in segment capital expenditures:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
167
     
     
     
167
 
 
Cost centers
 
52
     
     
     
52
 
 
Other
 
(1
)
   
3
     
(10
)
   
(8
)
Total capital expenditures
$
464
   
$
414
   
$
(10
)
 
$
868
 
                               
 
Page 34
 
 
 
Reconciliation of Capital expenditures:
 
(Millions of dollars)
 
Machinery
and
Engines
 
Financing &
Insurance
Services
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Total
Six Months Ended June 30, 2009:
                             
Total accountable capital expenditures
from reportable segments
$
256
   
$
443
   
$
   
$
699
 
Items not included in segment capital expenditures:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
133
     
     
     
133
 
 
Cost centers
 
55
     
     
     
55
 
 
Other
 
(2
)
   
     
(1
)
   
(3
)
Total capital expenditures
$
442
   
$
443
   
$
(1
)
 
$
884
 
                               
Six Months Ended June 30, 2008:
                             
Total accountable capital expenditures
from reportable segments
$
445
   
$
720
   
$
   
$
1,165
 
Items not included in segment capital expenditures:
                             
 
All other operating segments
 
275
     
     
     
275
 
 
Cost centers
 
86
     
     
     
86
 
 
Other
 
(2
)
   
     
(11
)
   
(13
)
Total capital expenditures
$
804
   
$
720
   
$
(11
)
 
$
1,513
 
                               


14.
Fair Value Disclosures

A.
Fair value measurements

 
We adopted SFAS 157, “Fair Value Measurements” as of January 1, 2008.  See Note 2 for additional information.  SFAS 157 defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants.  SFAS 157 also specifies a fair value hierarchy based upon the observability of inputs used in valuation techniques.  Observable inputs (highest level) reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs (lowest level) reflect internally developed market assumptions.  In accordance with SFAS 157, fair value measurements are classified under the following hierarchy:
 
 
§
 
Level 1 Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
 
 
§
 
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs or significant value-drivers are observable in active markets.
 
 
§
 
Level 3 – Model-derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value-drivers are unobservable.
 
 
When available, we use quoted market prices to determine fair value, and we classify such measurements within Level 1.  In some cases where market prices are not available, we make use of observable market based inputs to calculate fair value, in which case the measurements are classified within Level 2.  If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that use, where possible, current market-based parameters such as interest rates, yield curves and currency rates.  These measurements are classified within Level 3.
 
Fair value measurements are classified according to the lowest level input or value-driver that is significant to the valuation.  A measurement may therefore be classified within Level 3 even though there may be significant inputs that are readily observable.

 
SFAS 157 expanded the definition of fair value to include the consideration of nonperformance risk.  Nonperformance risk refers to the risk that an obligation (either by a counterparty or Caterpillar) will not be fulfilled.  For our financial assets traded in an active market (Level 1 and certain Level 2), the nonperformance risk is included in the market price.  For certain other financial assets and liabilities (Level 2 and 3), our fair value calculations have been adjusted accordingly.
 
We adopted FSP FAS 157-4 as of April 1, 2009. See Note 2 for additional information.
 
Page 35
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale securities
Our available-for-sale securities, primarily at Cat Insurance, include a mix of equity and debt instruments (see Note 8 for additional information).  Fair values for our U.S. treasury bonds and equity securities are based upon valuations for identical instruments in active markets.  Fair values for other government bonds, corporate bonds and mortgage-backed debt securities are based upon models that take into consideration such market-based factors as recent sales, risk-free yield curves and prices of similarly rated bonds.

Derivative financial instruments
The fair value of interest rate swap derivatives is primarily based on models that utilize the appropriate market-based forward swap curves and zero-coupon interest rates to determine discounted cash flows.  The fair value of foreign currency and commodity forward and option contracts is based on a valuation model that discounts cash flows resulting from the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.

Securitized retained interests
The fair value of securitized retained interests is based upon a valuation model that calculates the present value of future expected cash flows using key assumptions for credit losses, prepayment rates and discount rates.  These assumptions are based on our historical experience, market trends and anticipated performance relative to the particular assets securitized.

Guarantees
The fair value of guarantees is based upon the premium we would require to issue the same guarantee in a stand-alone arms-length transaction with an unrelated party. If quoted or observable market prices are not available, fair value is based upon internally developed models that utilize current market-based assumptions.

 
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value, primarily related to Financial Products, included in our Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 are summarized below:

 
(Millions of dollars)
June 30, 2009
     
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets / Liabilities,
at Fair Value
 
Assets
                             
   
Available-for-sale securities
                             
     
Government debt
                             
       
U.S. treasury bonds
$
14
   
$
   
$
   
$
14
 
       
Other U.S. and non-U.S. government bonds
 
     
57
     
     
57
 
                                     
     
Corporate bonds
                             
       
Corporate bonds
 
     
429
     
     
429
 
       
Asset-backed securities
 
     
141
     
     
141
 
                                     
     
Mortgage-backed debt securities
                             
       
U.S. governmental agency mortgage-backed securities
 
     
320
     
     
320
 
       
Residential mortgage-backed securities
 
     
54
     
     
54
 
       
Commercial mortgage-backed securities
 
     
149
     
     
149
 
                                     
     
Equity securities
                             
       
Large capitalization value
 
92
     
     
     
92
 
       
Smaller company growth
 
21
     
     
     
21
 
   
  Total available-for-sale securities
 
127
     
1,150
     
     
1,277
 
                                     
   
Derivative financial instruments, net
 
     
342
     
     
342
 
   
Securitized retained interests
 
     
     
104
     
104
 
   
Total Assets
$
127
   
$
1,492
   
$
104
   
$
1,723
 
                                   
 
Liabilities
                             
   
Guarantees
$
   
$
   
$
15
   
$
15
 
   
Total Liabilities
$
   
$
   
$
15
   
$
15
 
                                   
 
Page 36
 
 

 
(Millions of dollars)
December 31, 2008
     
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Assets / Liabilities,
at Fair Value
 
Assets
                             
   
Available-for-sale securities
$
140
   
$
992
   
$
   
$
1,132
 
   
Derivative financial instruments, net
 
     
625
     
     
625
 
   
Securitized retained interests
 
     
     
52
     
52
 
   
Total Assets
$
140
   
$
1,617
   
$
52
   
$
1,809
 
                                   
 
Liabilities
                             
   
Guarantees
$
   
$
   
$
14
   
$
14
 
   
Total Liabilities
$
   
$
   
$
14
   
$
14
 
                                   

 
Below are roll-forwards of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using Level 3 inputs for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008.  These instruments, primarily related to Cat Financial, were valued using pricing models that, in management’s judgment, reflect the assumptions a marketplace participant would use.

 
(Millions of dollars)
Securitized Retained
Interests
 
Guarantees
 
Balance at December 31, 2008
$
52
   
$
14
 
   
Gains or losses included in earnings (realized and unrealized)
 
(28
)
   
 
   
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(6
)
   
 
   
Purchases, issuances and settlements
 
86
     
1
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2009
$
104
   
$
15
 
                   

 
(Millions of dollars)
Securitized Retained
Interests
 
Guarantees
 
Balance at December 31, 2007
$
49
   
$
12
 
   
Gains or losses included in earnings (realized and unrealized)
 
(2
)
   
 
   
Changes in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(4
)
   
 
   
Purchases, issuances and settlements
 
41
     
2
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2008
$
84
   
$
14
 
                   

 
The amount of unrealized losses on securitized retained interests included in earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2009 related to assets still held at June 30, 2009 was $28 million.  The amount of unrealized losses on securitized retained interests included in earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2008 related to assets still held at June 30, 2008 was $1 million.  These losses were reported in Revenues of Financial Products in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.
 
In addition to the amounts above, we had impaired loans of $137 million and $108 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  A loan is considered impaired when management determines that collection of contractual amounts due is not probable.  In these cases, an allowance for loan losses is established based primarily on the fair value of associated collateral.  As the collateral’s fair value is based on observable market prices and/or current appraised values, the impaired loans are classified as Level 2 measurements.  

B.
Fair values of financial instruments

 
In addition to the methods and assumptions we use to record the fair value of financial instruments as discussed in the Fair value measurements section above, we used the following methods and assumptions to estimate the fair value of our financial instruments as required by SFAS 107, “Disclosures about Fair Values of Financial Instruments.”
 
Effective April 1, 2009, we adopted the disclosure requirements of FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1.  See Note 2 for additional information.
 
Page 37
 
 
 
 
Cash and short-term investments
Carrying amount approximated fair value.
 
Available-for-sale securities
Fair value for available-for-sale securities was estimated based on quoted market prices.
 
Finance receivables
Fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates, representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities.
 
Wholesale inventory receivables
Fair value was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using current rates, representative of receivables with similar remaining maturities.
 
Short-term borrowings
Carrying amount approximated fair value.
 
Long-term debt
Fair value for Machinery and Engines and Financial Products fixed rate debt was estimated based on quoted market prices. For Financial Products, floating rate notes and commercial paper carrying amounts were considered a reasonable estimate of fair value. For deposit obligations, carrying value approximated fair value.
  
Please refer to the table below for the fair values of our financial instruments.
 
 
Fair Values of Financial Instruments
 
   
June 30,
 
December 31,
   
   
2009
 
2008
   
 
(Millions of dollars)
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Reference
 
Asset (liability)
                                 
   
Cash and short-term investments
$
3,991
   
$
3,991
   
$
2,736
   
$
2,736
     
   
Available-for-sale securities
 
1,277
     
1,277
     
1,132
     
1,132
   
Note 8
   
Finance receivables—net
(excluding
finance leases1)
 
13,632
     
13,043
     
14,367
     
13,483
     
   
Wholesale inventory receivables—net
(excluding finance leases1)
 
917
     
874
     
1,232
     
1,154
     
   
Short-term borrowings
 
(5,172
)
   
(5,172
)
   
(7,209
)
   
(7,209
)
   
   
Long-term debt (including amounts
due
within one year)
                                 
     
Machinery and Engines
 
(6,149
)
   
(6,499
)
   
(6,192
)
   
(6,290
)
   
     
Financial Products
 
(21,975
)
   
(21,978
)
   
(22,134
)
   
(21,259
)
   
   
Foreign currency contracts
 
348
     
348
     
254
     
254
   
Note 4
   
Interest rate swaps
 
(7
)
   
(7
)
   
371
     
371
   
Note 4
   
Commodity contracts
 
1
     
1
     
     
   
Note 4
   
Securitized retained interests
 
104
     
104
     
52
     
52
   
Note 16
   
Guarantees
 
(15
)
   
(15
)
   
(14
)
   
(14
)
 
Note 10
 
 
1
Total excluded items have a net carrying value at June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 of $8,285 million and $8,951 million, respectively.
     
 

15.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest – Caterpillar Japan Ltd.

 
On August 1, 2008, Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. (SCM) completed the first phase of a share redemption plan whereby SCM redeemed half of MHI’s shares in SCM.  This resulted in Caterpillar owning 67 percent of the outstanding shares of SCM and MHI owning the remaining 33 percent.  As part of the share redemption, SCM was renamed Caterpillar Japan Ltd. (Cat Japan).  Both Cat Japan and MHI have options, exercisable after five years, to require the redemption of the remaining shares owned by MHI, which if exercised, would make Caterpillar the sole owner of Cat Japan.
 
Page 38
 
 
 
 
The remaining 33 percent of Cat Japan owned by MHI has been reported as redeemable noncontrolling interest and classified as mezzanine equity (temporary equity) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. The redeemable noncontrolling interest is reported at its estimated redemption value.  Any adjustment to the redemption value impacts Profit employed in the business, but does not impact Profit.  If the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest falls below the redemption value, profit available to common stockholders would be reduced by the difference between the redemption value and the fair value.  This would result in lower profit in the profit per common share computation in that period.  Reductions impacting the profit per common share computation may be partially or fully reversed in subsequent periods if the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest increases relative to the redemption value.  Such increases in profit per common share would be limited to cumulative prior reductions.  During the second quarter of 2009, the estimated redemption value decreased, resulting in an adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest. Profit employed in the business increased by $37 million due to this adjustment.  As of June 30, 2009, the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest remained greater than the redemption value.
 
We estimate the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest using a discounted five year forecasted cash flow with a year-five residual value.  If worldwide economic conditions deteriorate further and Cat Japan’s business forecast is negatively impacted, it is reasonably possible that the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest may fall below the estimated redemption value in the near term.  Should this occur, profit would be reduced in the profit per common share computation by the difference between the redemption value and the fair value.  Lower long-term growth rates, reduced long-term profitability as well as changes in interest rates, costs, pricing, capital expenditures and general market conditions may reduce the fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest.
 
With the consolidation of Cat Japan’s results of operations, 33 percent of Cat Japan’s comprehensive income or loss is attributed to the redeemable noncontrolling interest, impacting its carrying value.  Because the redeemable noncontrolling interest must be reported at its estimated future redemption value, the impact from attributing the comprehensive income or loss is offset by adjusting the carrying value to the redemption value.  This adjustment impacts Profit employed in the business, but not Profit.  For the six months ended June 30, 2009, the carrying value had decreased by $30 million due to Cat Japan’s comprehensive loss. This resulted in an offsetting $30 million adjustment to increase the carrying value to the redemption value and a corresponding reduction to Profit employed in the business.  As Cat Japan’s functional currency is the Japanese yen, changes in exchange rates affect the reported amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interest.  At June 30, 2009, the redeemable noncontrolling interest was $481 million.
 
 
16.
Securitizations

 
Cat Financial sells certain finance receivables relating to retail installment sale contracts and finance leases as part of their asset-backed securitization program.  In addition, Cat Financial has sold interests in wholesale receivables to third-party commercial paper conduits.  These transactions provide a source of liquidity and allow for better management of Cat Financial’s balance sheet capacity.

 
Securitized Retail Installment Sale Contracts and Finance Leases
Cat Financial periodically sells certain finance receivables relating to retail installment sale contracts and finance leases to special purpose entities (SPEs) as part of their asset-backed securitization program.  The SPEs have limited purposes and generally are only permitted to purchase the finance receivables, issue asset-backed securities and make payments on the securities.  The SPEs only issue a single series of securities and generally are dissolved when those securities have been paid in full.  The SPEs, typically trusts, are considered to be qualifying special-purpose entities (QSPEs) and thus, in accordance with SFAS 140, "Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities," (SFAS 140) are not consolidated.  The QSPEs issue debt to pay for the finance receivables they acquire from Cat Financial.  The primary source for repayment of the debt is the cash flows generated from the finance receivables owned by the QSPEs.  The assets of the QSPEs are legally isolated and are not available to pay the creditors of Cat Financial or any other of their affiliates.  For bankruptcy analysis purposes, Cat Financial has sold the finance receivables to the QSPEs in a true sale and the QSPEs are separate legal entities.  The investors and the securitization trusts have no recourse to any of Cat Financial’s other assets for failure of debtors to pay when due.
 
Cat Financial retains interests in the retail finance receivables that are sold through their asset-backed securitization program.  Retained interests include subordinated certificates, an interest in future cash flows (excess) and reserve accounts.  Retained interests in securitized assets are classified as available-for-sale securities and are included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at fair value in accordance with SFAS 115, "Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities."  Cat Financial estimates fair value and cash flows using a valuation model and key assumptions for credit losses, prepayment rates and discount rates.  These assumptions are based on historical experience, market trends and anticipated performance relative to the particular assets securitized. Cat Financial periodically evaluates for impairment in accordance with FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 (See Note 2 for additional information) and recognizes the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment in Profit and the noncredit component in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for those retained interests in which Cat Financial does not intend to sell and it is not likely that they will be required to sell prior to recovery.
 
Page 39
 
 
 
 
During the second quarter of 2008, Cat Financial sold certain finance receivables relating to retail installment sale contracts and finance leases to a SPE as part of Cat Financial’s asset-backed securitization program. Net cash proceeds received were $600 million and a net gain of $12 million was recorded in Revenues of Financial Products on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations at the time of sale and was based on the estimated fair value of the assets sold and retained and liabilities incurred, net of transaction costs. Retained interests included subordinated certificates with an initial fair value of $27 million, an interest in future cash flows (excess) with an initial fair value of $8 million and a reserve account with an initial fair value of $9 million. Significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the retained interests included a 7.2 percent discount rate, a weighted-average prepayment rate of 14.5 percent and expected credit losses of 1.55 percent.
 
To maintain competitiveness in the capital markets and to have effective and efficient use of alternative funding sources, Cat Financial may from time to time provide additional reserve support to previously issued asset-backed securitizations.  During the second quarter of 2009, Cat Financial deposited $80 million into supplemental reserve accounts for the securitization transactions to maintain the credit ratings assigned to the transactions, as loss experiences have been higher than anticipated primarily due to the adverse economic conditions in the U.S.  This resulted in an increase in Cat Financial’s retained interests. Prior to executing the deposits, written consent was obtained from the third-party beneficial interest holders of the securitization transactions.  The QSPE conditions were reviewed and the trusts continue to maintain QSPE status.
 
The fair value of the retained interests in all securitizations of retail finance receivables outstanding totaled $104 million (cost basis of $119 million) and $52 million (cost basis of $61 million) as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively. The fair value of the retained interests as of June 30, 2009 that has been in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer totaled $59 million (cost basis of $68 million). As of December 31, 2008 there were no retained interests in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or longer. Key assumptions used to determine the fair value of the retained interests as of such dates were:
 
   
June 30,
2009
 
December 31,
2008
 
Cash flow weighted-average discount rates on retained interests
8.7% to 16.0%
 
16.7% to 23.3%
 
Weighted-average maturity in months
24
 
28
 
Expected prepayment rate
17.0%
 
19.0%
 
Expected credit losses
1.9% to 4.8%
 
1.7% to 3.1%
         

 
To estimate the impact on income due to changes to the key economic assumptions used to estimate the fair value of residual cash flows in retained interests from retail finance receivable securitizations, Cat Financial performs a sensitivity analysis of the fair value of the retained interests by applying a 10 percent and 20 percent adverse change to the individual assumptions.  This estimate does not adjust for other variations that may occur should one of the assumptions actually change.  Accordingly, no assurance can be given that actual results would be consistent with the results of the estimate.  The effect of a variation in a particular assumption on the fair value of residual interest in securitization transactions was calculated without changing any other assumptions and changes in one factor may result in changes in another.  Cat Financial’s sensitivity analysis indicated that the impact of a 20 percent adverse change in individual assumptions used to calculate the fair value of all retained interests as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 would be $10 million or less and $8 million or less, respectively.
 
During 2009 and 2008, the assumptions used to determine the expected cash flows for Cat Financial’s securitization transactions were revised, which resulted in other-than-temporary impairments.  The impairments recognized in earnings was primarily driven by an increase in the credit loss assumption due to the continuing adverse economic conditions in the U.S.  The noncredit related component recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was primarily driven by changes in discount rates.
 
   
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
(Millions of dollars)
June 30,
 
June 30,
   
2009
 
2008
 
2009
 
2008
 
Total other-than-temporary impairment losses
$
24
   
$
7
   
$
46
   
$
7
 
 
Portion of losses recognized in Accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss) before taxes
 
(15
)
   
     
(15
)
   
 
 
Net impairment losses recognized in earnings 1
$
9
   
$
7
   
$
31
   
$
7
 
 
 
1
Recorded in Revenues of Financial Products on the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations
   

 
The following table presents a rollforward of the balance of the credit-related impairment losses on Cat Financial’s securitized retained interests for which a portion of the other-than-temporary impairment was recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
 
Page 40
 
 
 
     
 
 
(Millions of dollars)
Three Months Ended
June 30, 2009
 
Cumulative credit loss as of April 1, 2009
$
 
 
Credit losses for which an other-than-temporary impairment was previously recognized
 
8
 
 
Cumulative credit loss as of June 30, 2009
$
8
 
         
 
 
Cat Financial also retained servicing responsibilities and received a servicing fee of approximately one percent of the remaining value of the finance receivables.

 
Sales and Servicing of Trade Receivables
Our Machinery and Engines operations generate trade receivables from the sale of inventory to dealers and customers. Certain of these receivables are sold to Cat Financial.
 
Cat Financial has sold interests in a certain pool of trade receivables through a revolving structure to third-party commercial paper conduits, asset-backed commercial paper issuers that are SPEs of the sponsor bank and are not consolidated by Cat Financial. In accordance with SFAS 140, the transfers to the conduits are accounted for as sales. Cat Financial services the sold trade receivables and receives an annual servicing fee of approximately 0.5% of the average outstanding principal balance. Consolidated expenses of $2 million related to the sale of trade receivables were recognized for each of the three months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, and $4 million and $5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.  These expenses are included in Other income (expense) in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations. As of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the outstanding principal balance of the sold trade receivables was $200 million and $240 million, respectively.
 
Cat Financial’s remaining interest in that pool of trade receivables as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008 of $617 million and $1,432 million, respectively, is included in Receivables-trade and other in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.  The carrying amount approximated fair value due to the short-term nature of these receivables.
 
The cash collections from these receivables held by Cat Financial, including those attributable to the third-party conduits, are first applied to satisfy any obligations of Cat Financial to the third-party conduits. The third-party conduits have no recourse to Cat Financial’s assets, other than the remaining interest, for failure of debtors to pay when due.
 
 
Cash flows from sale of trade receivables:
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
(Millions of dollars)
2009
 
2008
 
Cash proceeds from sales of receivables to the conduits
$
791
   
$
775
 
 
Servicing fees received
 
1
     
1
 
 
Cash flows received on the interests that continue to be held
 
4,496
     
5,621
 
                 


17.
Employee separation charges

 
During the fourth quarter 2008, we recognized employee separation charges of $30 million in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations related to various voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  These programs, impacting 3,085 production and support and management employees worldwide, were in response to a sharp decline in sales volume due to the global recession.
 
During the first quarter 2009, continued cost reduction efforts in various locations around the world resulted in additional separation charges of $357 million, recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations, related to the following separation programs:
 
   
U.S. Voluntary Separation Program - During December 2008, we announced a voluntary separation program for certain support and management employees based in the United States.  Eligible employees had until January 12, 2009 to sign up for the program, and generally until January 31, 2009 to make a final decision.  Participating employees received severance pay based on current salary level and years of service.  During first quarter 2009, 2,213 employees accepted the program, the majority of which separated from Caterpillar by March 31, 2009.
 
Page 41
 
 
 
   
Other U.S. Separation Programs - During the first quarter 2009, we initiated plans to reduce U.S. based production and support and management positions through a variety of programs.  For support and management employees, these included involuntary separation programs.  For production employees, these included both voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  During the first quarter 2009, 6,870 employees accepted or were subject to these programs.

   
Non-U.S. Separation Programs - During the first quarter 2009, we initiated several other separation programs outside the U.S.  These programs, designed specific to the laws and regulations of the individual countries, represent voluntary and involuntary plans for production and support and management employees.  During the first quarter 2009, 3,957 employees accepted or were subject to the various programs.
 
 
During the second quarter 2009, on-going cost reduction efforts worldwide resulted in additional separation charges of $85 million, recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.  These efforts, impacting production and support and management positions, related to new and previously initiated U.S. and non-U.S. voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  During the second quarter 2009, 1,820 employees accepted or were subject to these programs.
 
 
Our accounting for separations is dependent upon how the particular program is designed.  For voluntary programs, eligible separation costs are recognized at the time of employee acceptance.  For involuntary programs, eligible costs are recognized when management has approved the program, the affected employees have been properly identified and the costs are estimable.
 
The following table summarizes the separation charges in the fourth quarter 2008 and first and second quarter 2009 by geographic region:

   
Machinery and Engines
 
Financial
Products
   
 
(Millions of dollars)
North
America
 
EAME
 
Latin
America
 
Asia/
Pacific
   
Total
 
Q4 2008 Separation charges
$
4
   
$
17
   
$
9
   
$
   
$
   
$
30
 
 
Q4 2008 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
     
(12
)
   
(7
)
   
     
     
(19
)
 
Liability balance at December 31, 2008
$
4
   
$
5
   
$
2
   
$
   
$
   
$
11
 
                                                 
 
Q1 2009 Separation charges
$
304
   
$
24
   
$
9
   
$
9
   
$
11
   
$
357
 
 
Q1 2009 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
(205
)
   
(22
)
   
(9
)
   
(6
)
   
(7
)
   
(249
)
 
Liability balance at March 31, 2009
$
103
   
$
7
   
$
2
   
$
3
   
$
4
   
$
119
 
                                                 
 
Q2 2009 Separation charges
$
7
   
$
68
   
$
3
   
$
7
   
$
   
$
85
 
 
Q2 2009 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
(59
)
   
(13
)
   
(4
)
   
(9
)
   
(2
)
   
(87
)
 
Liability balance at June 30, 2009
$
51
   
$
62
   
$
1
   
$
1
   
$
2
   
$
117
 
                                                 

 
The remaining balances as of June 30, 2009 represent costs for employees that have either not yet separated from the Company or their full severance has not yet been paid.  The majority of these remaining costs will be paid by the end of 2009.
 
The following table summarizes the number of employees that accepted or were subject to the programs:

   
Second Quarter
2009
 
First Quarter
2009
 
Full Year
2008
 
Impacted employees at beginning of period
 
5,796
     
1,505
     
 
 
Impacted employees during the period
 
1,820
     
13,040
     
3,085
 
 
Employee separations during the period
 
(7,096
)
   
(8,749
)
   
(1,580
)
 
Impacted employees remaining at the end of period
 
520
     
5,796
     
1,505
 
                         

 
The majority of the employees that accepted or were subject to the programs but that were still employed as of June 30, 2009 will be separated by the end of the third quarter 2009.
 
In addition to the first and second quarter 2009 separation charges noted above, during the first quarter we recognized $201 million of costs associated with certain pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which were also recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.  See Note 9 for additional information.
 
The majority of the separation charges, made up primarily of cash severance payments, and pension and other postretirement benefit costs noted above were not assigned to operating segments.  They are included in the reconciliation of total accountable profit from reportable segments to total profit before taxes.  See Note 13 for additional details surrounding this reconciliation.
 
Page 42
 
 
 
Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We reported a second-quarter 2009 profit of $0.60 per share, down $1.14 per share from the second quarter of 2008.  Excluding redundancy costs, profit was $0.72 per share.  Redundancy costs related to reducing employment were $85 million before tax or $0.12 per share in the quarter.  Sales and revenues of $7.975 billion were down 41 percent from $13.624 billion in the second quarter 2008.

Our profit this quarter, despite the sharp decline in sales, is a tribute to Team Caterpillar’s response to this severe global recession and the continued deployment of our economic trough strategy. There is still a great deal of economic uncertainty in the world, but we are seeing signs of stabilization that we hope will set the foundation for an eventual recovery.  Credit markets have improved significantly.  Fiscal policy and monetary stimulus have been introduced around the world, and we are seeing signs, particularly in China, that they are beginning to work.  In addition, we have seen many key commodity prices increase from their lows in the first quarter, and they are holding in a range that is usually positive for investment.

With our dedicated employees, strong dealer network and supply base, great lineup of products and the increasing impact of integrated service businesses, we are more confident than ever that we will strengthen our industry leadership as we work through this recession.

The second-quarter profit of $371 million was down $735 million from $1.106 billion in the second quarter of 2008.  The decline was largely a result of lower sales volume and $85 million of redundancy costs.  These negative impacts were partially offset by lower Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) and Research and Development (R&D) expenses, favorable price realization, LIFO inventory decrement benefits and a lower tax rate.

In addition to profit, we are highly focused on delivering positive cash flow in 2009 and are committed to our $3 billion inventory reduction goal for the year.  Utilizing the Caterpillar Production System (CPS) with 6 Sigma, the company reduced inventory in the second quarter by more than $800 million, and through the first half of the year inventory has declined by more than $1.6 billion.

In addition to our ability to generate solid profits in this economic climate, we are pleased with our work to generate positive cash flow and maintain considerable financial strength during this challenging period.


Outlook

We are updating our outlook for 2009 by tightening the sales and revenues range and improving profit expectations.  For sales and revenues, the range has been tightened to $32 billion to $36 billion.  The 2009 profit outlook is a range of $0.40 to $1.50 per share including redundancy costs of about $0.75 per share.  Excluding redundancy costs, profit is forecast to be between $1.15 and $2.25 per share.

We are now halfway through one of the most challenging years in the company’s history.  Our 2009 sales have been hurt by weak end-user demand and significant reductions in dealer inventory.  In fact, dealers have reduced their machine inventories by about $1.5 billion through the first half of the year and could reach close to $3 billion by year-end.  As tough as this year has been, the improved profit outlook is a tangible sign of what happens when the entire team is pulling in the same direction and deploying the trough strategy we put in place over the past four years.  We are very pleased with the way our people have stepped up and responded to this extraordinary period of economic turmoil.


Note:
 
-
Information on non-GAAP financial measures, including the treatment of redundancy costs in the second quarter and in the outlook, is included on page 67.
 
-
Glossary of terms is included on pages 55-57; first occurrence of terms shown in bold italics.
 
Page 43
 
 
 
Consolidated Results of Operations

THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 COMPARED WITH THREE MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2008

SALES AND REVENUES

 
 
The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Sales and Revenues between second quarter 2008 (at left) and second quarter 2009 (at right).  Items favorably impacting sales and revenues appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting sales and revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  The bar entitled Machinery Volume includes the impact of consolidation of Caterpillar Japan Ltd. (Cat Japan) sales.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s Board of Directors and employees.

Sales and revenues for second quarter 2009 were $7.975 billion, down $5.649 billion, or 41 percent, from second quarter 2008.  Machinery sales volume was down $4.183 billion, and Engines sales volume declined $1.394 billion.  Price realization improved $259 million, and currency had a negative impact on sales of $225 million, primarily due to a weaker euro and British pound.  In addition, Financial Products revenues decreased $106 million.

Our integrated service businesses tend to be more stable through the business cycle than new machines and engines.  Although volume declined for these businesses during the second quarter, it was much less than the decline in sales and revenues for the company in total.  Integrated service businesses represented more than 45 percent of total company sales and revenues in the second quarter of 2009.
 
Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region
(Millions of dollars)
Total
 
%
Change
 
North
America
 
%
Change
 
EAME
 
%
Change
 
Asia/
Pacific
 
%
Change
 
Latin
America
 
%
Change
Second Quarter 2009
                                                         
Machinery
$
4,338
   
(49)%
 
$
1,730
   
(51)%
 
$
1,010
   
(61)%
 
$
1,061
   
(25)%
 
$
537
   
(47)%
Engines 1
 
2,916
   
(32)%
   
1,020
   
(30)%
   
1,090
   
(36)%
   
551
   
(26)%
   
255
   
(31)%
Financial Products 2
 
721
   
(13)%
   
431
   
(15)%
   
124
   
(21)%
   
91
   
11%
   
75
   
(9)%
 
$
7,975
   
(41)%
 
$
3,181
   
(42)%
 
$
2,224
   
(50)%
 
$
1,703
   
(24)%
 
$
867
   
(41)%
Second Quarter 2008
                                                         
Machinery
$
8,530
       
$
3,511
       
$
2,593
       
$
1,414
       
$
1,012
     
Engines 1
 
4,267
         
1,458
         
1,693
         
745
         
371
     
Financial Products 2
 
827
         
506
         
157
         
82
         
82
     
 
$
13,624
       
$
5,475
       
$
4,443
       
$
2,241
       
$
1,465
     
 
1
Does not include internal engines transfers of $319 million and $748 million in second quarter 2009 and 2008, respectively. Internal engines transfers are valued at prices comparable to those for unrelated parties.
2
Does not include internal revenues earned from Machinery and Engines of $93 million and $83 million in second quarter 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Page 44
 
 
 
Machinery Sales - Sales of $4.338 billion decreased $4.192 billion, or 49 percent, from second quarter 2008.
 
 
§
Excluding the consolidation of Cat Japan, sales volume decreased $4.473 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $100 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $109 million.
 
 
§
Geographic mix between regions (included in price realization) was $28 million unfavorable.
 
 
§
The consolidation of Cat Japan added $290 million to sales.
 
 
§
Over the past three quarters, dealers reported declines in deliveries to end users at rates unprecedented in the more than 30 years of available data.  Nearly all countries and all industries were impacted.
 
 
§
Some signs of moderation appeared late in the quarter, especially in the developing economies.  However, the multi-quarter declines in activity mean that year-over-year comparisons show large percentage decreases in all regions.
 
 
§
Dealers responded to steep declines in their business by sharply reducing inventories.  They reported reductions in the quarter of almost $1.2 billion, which also contributed to lower sales volume.  However, inventories in months of supply were higher than a year ago in all regions.
 
 
§
Home prices declined in North America and Europe, and banks generally tightened qualifications for home mortgages.  As a result, housing construction declined. Nonresidential construction also declined in both regions.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased in the developing regions of Africa/Middle East, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Asia/Pacific and Latin America, although the percentage declines were usually not as severe as in the developed economies.
 
 
North America – Sales decreased $1.781 billion, or 51 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $1.821 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $41 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $1 million.
 
 
§
Severe recessions in both the United States and Canada caused most industries that use our equipment to reduce purchases drastically.  Dealers also reported lower inventories, which contributed to the volume decline.
 
 
§
U.S. housing starts were 47 percent lower than a year earlier.  Factors depressing construction included high inventories of unsold homes, lower selling prices and continued stringent standards for mortgage qualification.
 
 
§
Orders for nonresidential building construction were down almost 40 percent.  Problems were rising vacancy rates, tight lending standards and lower commercial property prices.
 
 
§
Contracts for infrastructure-related construction dropped 15 percent.  Highway construction contracts were about even with a year earlier, reflecting improvement late in the quarter.
 
 
§
Sharp declines in construction caused nonmetals mining and quarry production to drop 20 percent.  The industry continued to reduce capacity during the quarter, and the usage of remaining capacity dropped to a record-low rate.
 
 
§
Metals prices were 44 percent lower than second quarter 2008, and metals mining production dropped 14 percent.
 
 
§
Coal production declined 8 percent, and prices were much lower.  Electric utilities cut production, and exports were down more than 50 percent.
 
 
§
Crude oil prices fell 52 percent, prompting oil companies in Canada to reduce nonconventional oil extraction development, which includes tar sands, by 31 percent.
 
 
EAME – Sales decreased $1.583 billion, or 61 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $1.531 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $27 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $79 million.
 
 
§
The steep drop in sales volume resulted from the deep recession in Europe, collapses in most CIS economies, and a less favorable environment for energy and mining industries in Africa/Middle East.  Dealers reported much lower deliveries in most countries and across most industries.
 
 
§
Dealers responded to reduced deliveries by cutting inventories well below a year earlier; however, months of supply increased.
 
Page 45
 
 
 
 
§
The housing industry remained depressed in most European countries.  Permits for new construction in the early months of this year declined 7 percent in Germany, 15 percent in France and 64 percent in Spain.  U.K. housing orders were down 38 percent in the second quarter.  Home prices declined in many European countries, and euro-zone banks continued to tighten lending standards for home purchases.
 
 
§
Nonresidential building construction also contracted.  Negative factors included stringent standards for new loans, reduced bank lending and a sharp drop in capacity utilization.  Infrastructure construction increased slightly.
 
 
§
In Africa/Middle East, dealer efforts to reduce inventories were the most important reason for lower sales volume.  Other contributors were a 10-percent decrease in oil production, a 14-percent drop in South African construction permits and a severe decline in Turkish industrial production from a year earlier.
 
 
§
Sales volume in the CIS dropped more than 80 percent due to sharp reductions in economic activity.  Russian interest rates were higher than a year earlier, and the money supply declined.  As a result, industrial production was down 15 percent, and construction was down 20 percent.  Ukrainian industrial production declined more than 30 percent.
 
 
Asia/Pacific – Sales decreased $353 million, or 25 percent.
 
 
§
Excluding the consolidation of Cat Japan, sales volume decreased $676 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $41 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $8 million.
 
 
§
The consolidation of Cat Japan added $290 million to sales.
 
 
§
Economies throughout the region were weaker than a year earlier, causing dealers to report lower deliveries to end users.  In response, dealers aggressively drew down their inventories, which was the most significant cause of lower sales volume.  Reported dealer inventories increased in months of supply.
 
 
§
In China, growth in industrial production slowed from 16 percent last year to 8 percent this year, and exports dropped 25 percent.  Building starts declined 10 percent.  Although comparisons against a year earlier are negative, economic activity improved during the quarter.
 
 
§
The Australian economy slowed in response to a long period of high interest rates.  Approvals for housing construction declined 23 percent, and those for nonresidential construction fell 50 percent.
 
 
§
The Reserve Bank of India maintained tight economic policies through most of last year, causing industrial production growth to slow.
 
 
§
The Japanese economy suffered from a 41-percent decline in exports and a sharp reduction in business investment.  Housing orders dropped 53 percent, and commercial building starts fell 41 percent.
 
 
Latin America – Sales decreased $475 million, or 47 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $473 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $19 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $21 million.
 
 
§
Dealers reported reductions in inventories, accounting for much of the decline in sales volume.  However, inventory in months of supply increased from a low year-earlier level.
 
 
§
Economies in the region weakened due to declining exports and tight economic policies through much of last year.  Industrial production declined 9 percent in Mexico, 13 percent in Brazil and 15 percent in both Chile and Colombia.
 
 
§
Construction sectors deteriorated in most countries, and lower commodity prices and sharp declines in industrial production throughout the world hurt the important mining industry.  Mining output declined 13 percent in Brazil and nearly 2 percent in Chile, depressing our sales of machines used in mining.
 
 
Engines Sales - Sales of $2.916 billion decreased $1.351 billion, or 32 percent, from second quarter 2008.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $1.394 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $159 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $116 million.
 
Page 46
 
 
 
 
§
Geographic mix between regions (included in price realization) was $10 million unfavorable.
 
 
§
Dealer-reported inventories were up, and months of supply increased, as dealer deliveries decreased.
 
 
North America – Sales decreased $438 million, or 30 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $526 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $89 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $1 million.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 18 percent primarily due to a decrease in turbine sales, partially offset by slightly increased sales into petroleum engine applications for gas compression and drilling.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 54 percent based on substantially lower demand in construction and agricultural applications due to economic uncertainty and tight credit conditions.
 
 
§
Sales for electric power applications were about the same as the second quarter of 2008.
 
 
EAME – Sales decreased $603 million, or 36 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $547 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $42 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $98 million.
 
 
§
Sales for electric power applications decreased 47 percent due to weak economic conditions and reduced availability of credit combined with dealers beginning to work down inventory to align with the reduced demand.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 48 percent based on significantly lower demand in construction and agricultural applications due to weak economic conditions and reduced availability of credit.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 14 percent primarily due to a slowdown in engines and turbines used in offshore drill rigs and production applications.
 
 
§
Sales for marine applications decreased 25 percent due to weak economic conditions, partially offset by increased demand for engines used in general cargo, container and offshore applications due to increased availability.
 
 
Asia/Pacific – Sales decreased $194 million, or 26 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $206 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $27 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $15 million.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 38 percent primarily due to a slowdown in Chinese land-based drill activity.  Deliveries to Asian shipyards for deep offshore drilling rigs remained strong, about the same as the second quarter of 2008.
 
 
§
Sales of electric power engines decreased 26 percent due to cancelled and delayed projects in China and India.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 41 percent due to significantly lower demand in construction and mining support applications.
 
 
§
Sales for marine applications increased 23 percent, with strong demand for workboat and general cargo vessels.
 
 
Latin America – Sales decreased $116 million, or 31 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $125 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $11 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $2 million.
 
 
§
Sales for on-highway truck applications decreased 84 percent as a result of the decision to exit the on-highway truck business.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 22 percent due to a slowdown in land-based drill rig and production applications.
 
 
§
Sales of electric power engines decreased 36 percent due to worsening economic conditions and reduced availability of credit.
 
Page 47
 
 
 
Financial Product Revenues - Revenues of $721 million decreased $106 million, or 13 percent, from second quarter 2008.
 
 
§
A decrease of $55 million was due to a $39 million impact of lower interest rates on new and existing finance receivables and a decrease in average earning assets of $16 million.
 
 
§
Other revenues at Cat Financial decreased $33 million.  The decrease was primarily due to a $17 million impact from returned or repossessed equipment and the absence of a $12 million gain related to the sale of receivables in the second quarter of 2008.
 
 
OPERATING PROFIT
 
 
 
The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Operating Profit between second quarter 2008 (at left) and second quarter 2009 (at right).  Items favorably impacting operating profit appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting operating profit appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s Board of Directors and employees.  The bar entitled Other/M&E Redundancy includes the operating profit impact of consolidating adjustments, consolidation of Cat Japan and Machinery and Engines other operating expenses which include Machinery and Engines redundancy costs.

The second-quarter operating profit was $347 million compared to an operating profit of $1.525 billion in the second quarter of 2008.  Lower sales volume was the primary reason for the decline. Sales volume includes the impact of a favorable mix of products for both Machinery and Engines.

Manufacturing costs decreased $85 million.  Significant inventory reduction has resulted in $110 million ($0.14 per share) of LIFO inventory decrement benefits.  Excluding decrement benefits, manufacturing costs increased $25 million.

SG&A and R&D expenses declined $291 million as a result of significant cost-cutting measures.

Currency had an $89 million favorable impact on operating profit as the benefit to costs more than offset the negative impact on sales.

Redundancy costs were $85 million, and the consolidation of Cat Japan unfavorably impacted operating profit by approximately $80 million.
 
Page 48
 
 
Operating Profit by Principal Line of Business
(Millions of dollars)
Second Quarter
2009
 
Second Quarter
2008
 
$
Change
 
%
Change
Machinery 1
$
(252
)
 
$
719
   
$
(971
)
 
(135
)
%
 
Engines 1
 
555
     
711
     
(156
)
 
(22
)
%
 
Financial Products
 
127
     
166
     
(39
)
 
(23
)
%
 
Consolidating Adjustments
 
(83
)
   
(71
)
   
(12
)
         
Consolidated Operating Profit
$
347
   
$
1,525
   
$
(1,178
)
 
(77
)
%
 

1
Caterpillar operations are highly integrated; therefore, the company uses a number of allocations to determine lines of business operating profit for Machinery and Engines.
 
 
Operating Profit by Principal Line of Business
 
 
§
Machinery operating loss was $252 million compared to an operating profit of $719 million in the second quarter of 2008.  Sharply lower sales volume, losses at Cat Japan and $74 million of redundancy costs were partially offset by lower SG&A and R&D expenses, improved price realization and LIFO inventory decrement benefits.

 
§
Engines operating profit of $555 million was down $156 million, or 22 percent, from the second quarter 2008.  Significantly lower sales volume and $11 million of redundancy costs were partially offset by improved price realization and lower SG&A expenses.  Although total engines operating profit declined from the second quarter 2008, operating profit for turbines was about the same and was a significantly higher proportion of total engines operating profit.

 
§
Financial Products operating profit of $127 million was down $39 million, or 23 percent, from the second quarter 2008.  The decrease was primarily attributable to a $28 million impact from decreased net yield on average earning assets, a $17 million unfavorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment, the absence of a $12 million gain related to the sale of receivables in the second quarter of 2008 and a $7 million unfavorable impact from lower average earning assets, partially offset by a $27 million decrease in SG&A expenses.

Other Profit/Loss Items
 
 
§
Interest expense excluding Financial Products increased $39 million as a result of higher debt. We have intentionally held more cash than usual as a result of capital market volatility.

 
§
Other income/(expense) was income of $163 million compared with income of $83 million in second quarter 2008.  The improvement was primarily related to a favorable currency impact of $93 million.

 
§
The provision for income taxes in the second quarter reflects an actual (discrete period) effective tax rate of 10 percent compared to an estimated annual tax rate of 31.3 percent for second quarter 2008 excluding discrete benefits of $47 million in the second quarter 2008.  The decrease is primarily attributable to a more favorable geographic mix of profits and losses from a tax perspective along with a larger percentage benefit from U.S. permanent differences and credits including the research and development tax credit.  We are currently unable to reliably estimate the 2009 annual effective tax rate and are recording taxes on an actual basis.  This approach results in more volatility in the quarterly effective tax rate, particularly with the reduced overall profit levels.

 
§
Equity in profit/(loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies was a loss of $1 million compared with income of $10 million in the second quarter 2008.  The decrease is primarily related to the absence of equity profit after the consolidation of Cat Japan.

 
§
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (formerly minority interest) favorably impacted earnings $19 million from second quarter 2008, primarily due to adding back 33 percent of Cat Japan’s losses attributable to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
 
 
Page 49
 
 
SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2009 COMPARED WITH SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2008

SALES AND REVENUES

 
 
The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Sales and Revenues between June YTD 2008 (at left) and June YTD 2009 (at right).  Items favorably impacting sales and revenues appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting sales and revenues appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  The bar entitled Machinery Volume includes the impact of consolidation of Caterpillar Japan Ltd. (Cat Japan) sales.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s Board of Directors and employees.

Sales and revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2009 were $17.200 billion, down $8.220 billion, or 32 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Machinery sales volume was down $6.342 billion, and Engines volume declined $1.648 billion.  Price realization improved $484 million, and currency had a negative impact on sales of $506 million, primarily due to a weaker euro and British pound.  In addition, Financial Products revenues decreased $208 million.
 
Our integrated service businesses tend to be more stable through the business cycle than new machines and engines.  Although volume declined for these businesses during the first six months of 2009, it was much less than the decline in sales and revenues for the company in total.  Integrated service businesses represented about 43 percent of total company sales and revenues in the first half of 2009.
 
Sales and Revenues by Geographic Region
 
(Millions of dollars)
Total
 
%
Change
 
North
America
 
%
Change
 
EAME
 
%
Change
 
Asia/
Pacific
 
%
Change
 
Latin America
 
%
Change
Six months ended June 30, 2009
                                                                   
Machinery
$
9,680
 
(40
)
%
 
$
3,946
 
(41
)
%
 
$
2,268
 
(54
)
%
 
$
2,239
 
(15
)
%
 
$
1,227
 
(33
)
%
Engines 1
 
6,084
 
(21
)
%
   
2,073
 
(22
)
%
   
2,325
 
(23
)
%
   
1,165
 
(11
)
%
   
521
 
(26
)
%
Financial Products 2
 
1,436
 
(13
)
%
   
876
 
(14
)
%
   
244
 
(18
)
%
   
187
 
14
 
%
   
129
 
(21
)
%
 
$
17,200
 
(32
)
%
 
$
6,895
 
(34
)
%
 
$
4,837
 
(41
)
%
 
$
3,591
 
(12
)
%
 
$
1,877
 
(30
)
%
                                                                     
Six months ended June 30, 2008
                                                                   
Machinery
$
16,078
         
$
6,691
         
$
4,937
         
$
2,620
         
$
1,830
       
Engines 1
 
7,698
           
2,666
           
3,024
           
1,304
           
704
       
Financial Products 2
 
1,644
           
1,020
           
296
           
164
           
164
       
 
$
25,420
         
$
10,377
         
$
8,257
         
$
4,088
         
$
2,698
       
 
1
Does not include internal engines transfers of $755 million and $1.438 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Internal engines transfers are valued at prices comparable to those for unrelated parties.
2
Does not include internal revenues earned from Machinery and Engines of $174 million and $178 million in the six months ended June 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
 
Page 50
 
 

Machinery Sales - Sales of $9.680 billion decreased $6.398 billion, or 40 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
 
§
Excluding the consolidation of Cat Japan, sales volume decreased $6.923 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $191 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $247 million.
 
 
§
Geographic mix between regions (included in price realization) was $30 million unfavorable.
 
 
§
The consolidation of Cat Japan added $581 million to sales.
 
 
§
The worldwide recession, while appearing to moderate late in the second quarter, resulted in record declines in sales volume from the second-quarter 2008 peak.
 
 
§
Dealers in all regions responded to much lower customer demand by reducing inventories.  They reported reductions of almost $1.5 billion in the first half, in contrast to inventory builds a year earlier.  That change accounted for roughly one-third of the decline in sales volume.  Inventories declined in dollars but months of supply increased.
 
 
§
The largest volume declines occurred in the developed economies since both North America and Europe experienced their worst postwar recessions.  Housing construction fell due to lower home prices, stringent standards on qualifying for home loans and rising unemployment.
 
 
§
Nonresidential building construction weakened due to low utilization rates, tight credit conditions and poor business profitability.  Governments announced measures to support infrastructure construction early this year but the time needed to implement projects meant few benefits occurred in the first half.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased in the developing regions of Africa/Middle East, CIS, Asia/Pacific and Latin America; however, percent declines were less severe than in the developed economies.  Dealer reports indicated inventory reductions accounted for the largest part of these declines.  In addition, credit difficulties and the drop in commodity prices late last year caused some disruptions in both mining and infrastructure projects.
 
North America – Sales decreased $2.745 billion, or 41 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $2.848 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $105 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $2 million.
 
 
§
Both the U.S. and Canadian economies were in severe recessions.  Industrial production was down 12 percent in the United States and more than 2 percent in Canada.  Most industries that use our machines faced some combination of declining demand, excess inventories or falling output prices.  As a result, users delayed equipment purchases.
 
 
§
The U.S. housing industry faced the worst environment since the Great Depression.  Home prices dropped more than 30 percent from their 2006 peak, delinquency rates on home mortgages hit a record high and banks continued tightening requirements for mortgages.  Housing starts were off 48 percent.
 
 
§
Nonresidential building construction orders dropped 43 percent.  Commercial property prices declined more than 21 percent and office vacancy rates increased.  The industrial capacity utilization rate reached a record low.
 
 
§
U.S. mine production dropped 7 percent and Canadian output fell 14 percent.  Metals prices were 46 percent lower and coal prices averaged 38 percent lower.
 
 
EAME – Sales decreased $2.669 billion, or 54 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume declined $2.529 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $33 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $173 million.
 
 
§
Europe’s worst postwar recession, the economic crisis in the CIS and the impact of lower commodity prices on Africa/Middle East caused volume to decline.  Sales volume declined in all major countries.
 
 
§
Dealers reported much lower inventories than a year earlier; however, months of supply increased.
 
 
§
Economic output declined in both the euro-zone and the United Kingdom.  Lower home prices, rising unemployment and stringent mortgage standards depressed home construction.  Tight credit and low capacity utilization rates led to a more than 10-percent decline in business investment.
 
Page 51
 
 
 
 
§
Machine sales declined in many Africa/Middle East countries. Credit difficulties disrupted some projects, commodity prices dropped until early this year, and both Turkey and South Africa went into recession.  Those problems appeared to moderate as the second quarter ended.
 
 
§
Most CIS economies were in severe distress throughout the period.  High inflation and downward pressure on currencies prompted central banks to maintain relatively high interest rates.  Fairly steep declines in foreign exchange reserves and lower commodity prices limited government efforts to support economies.  Russian construction dropped about 20 percent.
 
 
Asia/Pacific – Sales decreased $381 million, or 15 percent.
 
 
§
Excluding the consolidation of Cat Japan, sales volume decreased $985 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $53 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $30 million.
 
 
§
The consolidation of Cat Japan sales added $581 million.
 
 
§
Production in most countries was less than a year earlier, which contributed to dealers reporting lower end-user demand.  Dealers indicated large cuts in their inventories, accounting for most of the decrease in sales volume.  Reported inventories increased in months of supply.
 
 
§
Sales volume declined in all the major economies.  Factors included collapses in exports, the fallout from interest rate increases taken last year and lower commodity prices.
 
 
§
China maintained high interest rates until late last year in order to reduce inflation.  That policy caused the economy to slow, with growth in industrial production reaching a low of 3.8 percent in January/February.  Building starts also declined and property prices came under pressure.  In general, economic difficulties were more severe in the first quarter.
 
 
§
Australia’s recent high interest rate policy devastated the construction industry this year.  Approvals for housing construction dropped 24 percent and those for nonresidential construction plunged 39 percent.  The mining industry increased production slightly.
 
 
§
Japan was in a severe recession; industrial production was down 32 percent and exports decreased 45 percent.  Steep declines in construction and business investment contributed to lower sales.
 
 
Latin America – Sales decreased $603 million, or 33 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $591 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $30 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $42 million.
 
 
§
Dealers reported much lower inventories than a year earlier, which was the major reason sales volume declined.  Months of supply increased from a low year-earlier figure.
 
 
§
Economies in the region weakened due to declining exports and tight economic policies through much of last year.
 
 
§
Construction declined in most countries, with permits down 27 percent in Colombia, 22 percent in Argentina and 15 percent in Chile.
 
 
§
Mining decreased in both Chile and Brazil.  The decline in world steel production caused Brazil to cut iron ore production 35 percent.
 
 
§
The region produces over 10 percent of the world’s oil; production was down almost 3 percent due to lower world demand.  Drill rig activity dropped almost 5 percent.
 
 
Engines Sales - Sales of $6.084 billion decreased $1.614 billion, or 21 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $1.648 billion.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $293 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $259 million.
 
 
§
Geographic mix between regions (included in price realization) was $16 million unfavorable.
 
 
§
Dealer-reported inventories were up, and months of supply increased as dealer deliveries decreased.
 
 
North America – Sales decreased $593 million, or 22 percent.
 
Page 52
 
 
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $738 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $147 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $2 million.
 
 
§
Sales for on-highway truck applications decreased 47 percent as a result of the decision to exit the on-highway truck business.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 43 percent in response to substantially lower demand in construction and agriculture due to economic uncertainty and tight credit conditions.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications were about the same as the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Higher shipments of petroleum engine applications into gas compression and drilling were offset by a decrease in turbine sales.
 
 
EAME – Sales decreased $699 million, or 23 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $576 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $97 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $220 million.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 44 percent based on significantly lower demand in construction and agricultural applications due to weak economic conditions and reduced availability of credit.
 
 
§
Sales for electric power applications decreased 22 percent, as the impact of weak economic conditions and reduced availability of credit was partially offset by increased turbine sales as a result of timing of our large power plant projects.
 
 
§
Sales for marine applications decreased 16 percent, as the impact of weak economic conditions was partially offset by increased demand for engines used in general cargo, container and offshore applications due to increased availability.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 3 percent primarily due to a slowdown in engines used in offshore drill rigs and for production applications.
 
 
Asia/Pacific – Sales decreased $139 million, or 11 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $150 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $43 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $32 million.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 14 percent, as a slowdown in Chinese land-drill activity was partially offset by an increase in turbine sales.  Deliveries to Asian shipyards for offshore drill rigs remained about as strong as the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
 
§
Sales for industrial applications decreased 39 percent due to significantly lower demand in construction and mining support applications.
 
 
§
Sales of electric power engines were about the same as the six months ended June 30, 2008.   An increase in turbine sales was offset by a decrease in sales for electric power applications due to cancelled and delayed projects in China and India.
 
 
§
Sales for marine applications increased 18 percent, with strong demand for workboat and general-cargo vessels.
 
 
Latin America – Sales decreased $183 million, or 26 percent.
 
 
§
Sales volume decreased $200 million.
 
 
§
Price realization increased $22 million.
 
 
§
Currency decreased sales by $5 million.
 
 
§
Sales for on-highway truck applications decreased 76 percent as a result of the decision to exit the on-highway truck business.
 
 
§
Sales for electric power applications decreased 32 percent due to worsening economic conditions and reduced availability of credit.
 
 
§
Sales for petroleum applications decreased 11 percent due to a slowdown in land-based drill rig and production applications.
 
 
Financial Product Revenues - Revenues of $1.436 billion decreased $208 million, or 13 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.
 
 
§
Revenues decreased $108 million due to the impact of lower interest rates on new and existing finance receivables.
 
Page 53
 
 
 
 
§
Other revenues at Cat Financial decreased $70 million.  The decrease was primarily due to a $31 million impact from returned or repossessed equipment, a $24 million unfavorable impact from the write-down on retained interests related to the securitized asset portfolio and the absence of a $12 million gain related to the sale of receivables in the first half of 2008.
 
 
OPERATING PROFIT

 
 
 
The chart above graphically illustrates reasons for the change in Consolidated Operating Profit between the six months ended June 2008 (at left) and the six months ended June 2009 (at right).  Items favorably impacting operating profit appear as upward stair steps with the corresponding dollar amounts above each bar, while items negatively impacting operating profit appear as downward stair steps with dollar amounts reflected in parentheses above each bar.  Caterpillar management utilizes these charts internally to visually communicate with the company’s Board of Directors and employees.  The bar entitled Other/M&E Redundancy includes the operating profit impact of consolidating adjustments, consolidation of Cat Japan and Machinery and Engines other operating expenses which include Machinery and Engines redundancy costs.

Operating profit for the six months ended June 30, 2009 was $172 million compared to an operating profit of $2.818 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Lower sales volume and $643 million of redundancy costs were the primary reasons for the decline. Sales volume includes the impact of a favorable mix of products for both Machinery and Engines.

Manufacturing costs increased $245 million.  Significant inventory reduction has resulted in $110 million of LIFO inventory decrement benefits.  Excluding decrement benefits, manufacturing costs increased $355 million as a result of higher warranty and material costs and inefficiencies related to the sharp decline in production.

SG&A and R&D expenses declined $456 million as a result of significant cost-cutting measures.

Currency had a $146 million favorable impact on operating profit as the benefit to costs more than offset the negative impact on sales.

Redundancy costs were $643 million, and the consolidation of Cat Japan unfavorably impacted operating profit by approximately $180 million.

Operating Profit by Principal Line of Business
 
(Millions of dollars)
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2009
 
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2008
 
$
Change
 
%
Change
Machinery 1
$
(761
)  
$
1,345
   
$
(2,106
)
   
(157
)
%
Engines 1
 
853
     
1,265
     
(412
)
   
(33
)
%
Financial Products
 
226
     
361
     
(135
)
   
(37
)
%
Consolidating Adjustments
 
(146
)
   
(153
)
   
7
           
Consolidated Operating Profit
$
172
   
$
2,818
   
$
(2,646
)
   
(94
)
%
 
1
Caterpillar operations are highly integrated; therefore, the company uses a number of allocations to determine lines of business operating profit for Machinery and Engines.
 
Page 54
 
 
 
Operating Profit by Principal Line of Business
 
 
§
Machinery operating loss was $761 million compared to an operating profit of $1.345 billion in the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Sharply lower sales volume, $429 million of redundancy costs, higher manufacturing costs and losses at Cat Japan were partially offset by lower SG&A and R&D expenses, improved price realization, favorable currency and LIFO inventory decrement benefits.
 
 
§
Engines operating profit of $853 million was down $412 million, or 33 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Lower sales volume, redundancy costs of $204 million and higher manufacturing costs were partially offset by improved price realization and lower SG&A expenses.  Although total engines operating profit declined during the first half of 2009, operating profit for turbines increased due to improved price realization and higher sales volume and was a significantly higher proportion of total engines operating profit.
 
 
§
Financial Products operating profit of $226 million was down $135 million, or 37 percent, from the six months ended June 30, 2008.  The decrease was primarily attributable to a $95 million impact from decreased net yield on average earning assets, a $31 million unfavorable impact from returned or repossessed equipment, a $24 million unfavorable impact from the write-down on retained interests related to the securitized asset portfolio, a $14 million increase in other operating expenses primarily due to redundancy costs and the absence of a $12 million gain related to the sale of receivables in the first half of 2008, partially offset by a $37 million decrease in SG&A expenses.
 

OTHER PROFIT/LOSS ITEMS
 
 
§
Interest expense excluding Financial Products increased $66 million as a result of higher debt. We have intentionally held more cash than usual as a result of capital market volatility.
 
 
§
Other income/(expense) was income of $227 million compared with income of $205 million in the six months ended June 30, 2008.  Favorable currency impact of $127 million was partially offset by the absence of a $60 million dollar gain on the sale of our equity investment in ASV Inc., an $18 million unfavorable impact from Cat Insurance’s investment portfolio and an $18 million decrease in license fee income.
 
 
§
The provision for income taxes in the first six months of 2009 reflects an actual (discrete period) effective tax rate of negative 20.5 percent compared to an estimated annual tax rate of 31.3 percent for the first six months of 2008, excluding discrete benefits of $47 million in the first six months of 2008.   An actual calculation was used to report the tax provision for the first six months of 2009 as the estimated range of profit before tax produces significant variability and makes it difficult to reasonably estimate the annual effective tax rate.  The negative tax rate for 2009 results from a $40 million tax benefit on profit before tax of $189 million and was driven primarily by a favorable geographic mix of profits and losses from a tax perspective and the favorable impact of net U.S. permanent differences and credits including the research and development tax credit.  The geographic mix of profits and losses was impacted by the redundancy costs that were attributable primarily to the U.S. and provided tax benefits at higher tax rates. Excluding redundancy costs, the actual effective tax rate for the first six months of 2009 was 21 percent.
 
 
§
Equity in profit/(loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies had a $21 million unfavorable impact on earnings compared with the six months ended June 30, 2008.  The decrease is primarily related to the absence of equity profit after the consolidation of Cat Japan.
 
 
§
Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests (formerly minority interest) favorably impacted earnings $48 million from the six months ended June 30, 2008, primarily due to adding back 33 percent of Cat Japan’s losses attributable to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

1.
 
Caterpillar Japan Ltd. (Cat Japan) – A Caterpillar subsidiary formerly known as Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd. (SCM).  SCM was a 50/50 joint venture between Caterpillar and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. (MHI) until SCM redeemed one half of MHI's shares on August 1, 2008.  Caterpillar now owns 67 percent of the renamed entity.
 
2.
 
Caterpillar Production System (CPS) – The Caterpillar Production System is the common Order-to-Delivery process being implemented enterprise-wide to achieve our safety, quality, velocity, earnings and growth goals for 2010 and beyond.
 
3.
 
Consolidating Adjustments – Eliminations of transactions between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
 
 
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4.
 
Currency – With respect to sales and revenues, currency represents the translation impact on sales resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar.  With respect to operating profit, currency represents the net translation impact on sales and operating costs resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates versus the U.S. dollar.  Currency includes the impacts on sales and operating profit for the Machinery and Engines lines of business only; currency impacts on Financial Products revenues and operating profit are included in the Financial Products portions of the respective analyses.  With respect to other income/expense, currency represents the effects of forward and option contracts entered into by the company to reduce the risk of fluctuations in exchange rates and the net effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our foreign currency assets and liabilities for consolidated results.
 
5.
 
EAME – Geographic region including Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
 
6.
 
Earning Assets – Assets consisting primarily of total finance receivables net of unearned income, plus equipment on operating leases, less accumulated depreciation at Cat Financial.
 
7.
 
Engines – A principal line of business including the design, manufacture, marketing and sales of engines for Caterpillar machinery; electric power generation systems; on-highway vehicles and locomotives; marine, petroleum, construction, industrial, agricultural and other applications and related parts. Also includes remanufacturing of Caterpillar engines and a variety of Caterpillar machinery and engine components and remanufacturing services for other companies.  Reciprocating engines meet power needs ranging from 10 to 21,700 horsepower (8 to more than 16 000 kilowatts).  Turbines range from 1,600 to 30,000 horsepower (1 200 to 22 000 kilowatts).
 
8.
 
Financial Products – A principal line of business consisting primarily of Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation (Cat Financial), Caterpillar Insurance Holdings, Inc. (Cat Insurance) and their respective subsidiaries.  Cat Financial provides a wide range of financing alternatives to customers and dealers for Caterpillar machinery and engines, Solar gas turbines as well as other equipment and marine vessels.  Cat Financial also extends loans to customers and dealers.  Cat Insurance provides various forms of insurance to customers and dealers to help support the purchase and lease of our equipment.
 
9.
 
Integrated Service Businesses – A service business or a business containing an important service component.  These businesses include, but are not limited to, aftermarket parts, Cat Financial, Cat Insurance, Cat Logistics, Cat Reman, Progress Rail, OEM Solutions and Solar Turbine Customer Services.
 
10.
 
Latin America – Geographic region including Central and South American countries and Mexico.
 
11.
 
LIFO Inventory Decrement Benefits – A significant portion of Caterpillar's inventory is valued using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method.  With this method, the cost of inventory is comprised of "layers" at cost levels for years when inventory increases occurred.  A LIFO decrement occurs when inventory decreases, depleting layers added in earlier, generally lower cost, years.  A LIFO decrement benefit represents the impact on profit of charging cost of goods sold with prior year cost levels rather than current period costs.
 
12.
 
Machinery – A principal line of business which includes the design, manufacture, marketing and sales of construction, mining and forestry machinery—track and wheel tractors, track and wheel loaders, pipelayers, motor graders, wheel tractor-scrapers, track and wheel excavators, backhoe loaders, log skidders, log loaders, off-highway trucks, articulated trucks, paving products, skid steer loaders, underground mining equipment, tunnel boring equipment and related parts. Also includes logistics services for other companies and the design, manufacture, remanufacture, maintenance and services of rail-related products.
 
13.
 
Machinery and Engines (M&E) – Due to the highly integrated nature of operations, it represents the aggregate total of the Machinery and Engines lines of business and includes primarily our manufacturing, marketing and parts distribution operations.
 
14.
 
Manufacturing Costs – Manufacturing costs exclude the impacts of currency and represent the volume-adjusted change for variable costs and the absolute dollar change for period manufacturing costs.  Variable manufacturing costs are defined as having a direct relationship with the volume of production.  This includes material costs, direct labor and other costs that vary directly with production volume such as freight, power to operate machines and supplies that are consumed in the manufacturing process.  Period manufacturing costs support production but are defined as generally not having a direct relationship to short-term changes in volume.  Examples include machinery and equipment repair, depreciation on manufacturing assets, facility support, procurement, factory scheduling, manufacturing planning and operations management.
 
15.
 
Machinery and Engines Other Operating Expenses – Comprised primarily of gains (losses) on disposal of long-lived assets, long-lived asset impairment charges and employee redundancy costs.
 
16.
 
Price Realization – The impact of net price changes excluding currency and new product introductions.  Consolidated price realization includes the impact of changes in the relative weighting of sales between geographic regions.
 
17.
 
Redundancy Costs – Costs related to employment reduction including employee severance charges, pension and other postretirement benefit plan curtailments and settlements and healthcare and supplemental unemployment benefits.
 
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18.
 
Sales Volume – With respect to sales and revenues, sales volume represents the impact of changes in the quantities sold for machinery and engines as well as the incremental revenue impact of new product introductions.  With respect to operating profit, sales volume represents the impact of changes in the quantities sold for machinery and engines combined with product mix—the net operating profit impact of changes in the relative weighting of machinery and engines sales with respect to total sales.
 
19.
 
6 Sigma – On a technical level, 6 Sigma represents a measure of variation that achieves 3.4 defects per million opportunities.  At Caterpillar, 6 Sigma represents a much broader cultural philosophy to drive continuous improvement throughout the value chain.  It is a fact-based, data-driven methodology that we are using to improve processes, enhance quality, cut costs, grow our business and deliver greater value to our customers through Black Belt-led project teams.  At Caterpillar, 6 Sigma goes beyond mere process improvement—it has become the way we work as teams to process business information, solve problems and manage our business successfully.


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Sources of funds
 
We generate significant capital resources from operating activities, which are the primary source of funding for our Machinery and Engines operations.  Funding for these businesses is also provided by commercial paper and long-term debt issuances.  Financial Products operations are funded primarily from their existing retail portfolio and commercial paper and term debt issuances.  Despite recent credit market conditions, we have continued to have access to liquidity in both our Machinery and Engines and Financial Products operations.  Given global recessionary conditions and sharply declining sales volume we are executing our strategic trough plans.  Many of these actions, such as reducing costs, capital expenditures and inventory levels and suspending Caterpillar stock repurchases are lowering our cash needs during 2009.

Our liquidity position continues to improve.  During the second quarter, Cat Financial issued both fixed rate and floating rate notes in euros and a medium-term note in Canadian dollars.  These represent our first euro issuances in more than a year and our first Canadian dollar issuance in more than two years.  Both suggest continued improvement in global credit markets.  Of note, the coupon on the euro fixed rate note was 5.125 percent, which was lower than the issuance a year earlier.  Despite improvements in global credit markets we continue to hold approximately $3 billion in excess cash reserves as a buffer.  We plan to gradually reduce some of this excess over the remainder of the year.

Consolidated operating cash flow for the first half of 2009 was $2.80 billion, compared with $1.91 billion for the same period a year ago.   The global recession has resulted in significant changes in the components of operating cash flow from first six months of 2008 to the first six months of 2009.  The first half of 2009 benefited from significant declines in both receivables and inventory.  The receivables decline was a result of lower sales in 2009 and the decrease in inventory was a result of aggressive trough actions by management and declining sales volume.  Offsetting these items was a significant decrease in accounts payable reflecting significantly lower rate of material purchases, capital expenditures and costs in the first six months of 2009 compared with the fourth quarter of 2008.  In the first half of 2008, profit of consolidated and affiliated companies of $2.05 billion had a positive impact on operating cash flow while the change in working capital was unfavorable as higher receivables and inventory more than offset an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses.  See further discussion of operating cash flow under Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.

Total debt as of June 30, 2009 was $33.30 billion, a decrease of $2.24 billion from year-end 2008 due to lower short-term borrowings.  We do not anticipate additional long-term debt issuance for Caterpillar Inc. or Cat Financial for the remainder of 2009.  Recent issuances have effectively more than funded our total expected 2009 needs.

We have three global credit facilities with a syndicate of banks totaling $6.85 billion (Credit Facility 1) available in the aggregate to both Machinery and Engines and Financial Products to support their commercial paper programs in the event the programs become unavailable and for general liquidity purposes.  Based on management's allocation decision, which can be revised at any time, the portion of the facility available to Cat Financial as of June 30, 2009 was $5.85 billion.
 
 
·
The five-year facility of $1.62 billion expires in September 2012.
 
 
·
The five-year facility of $2.98 billion expires in September 2011.
 
 
·
A 364-day facility of $2.25 billion expires in September 2009.

We also have a 364-day revolving credit facility (Credit Facility 2) with a syndicate of banks totaling $1.38 billion, which expires in March 2010 and is jointly available to both Caterpillar and Cat Financial.

At June 30, 2009, Caterpillar’s consolidated net worth of $7.38 billion was not less than 75 percent of the consolidated net worth as of the end of its immediately preceding fiscal year.  This is the minimum level required under Credit Facility 1 and Credit Facility 2 (the Credit Facilities).
 
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At June 30, 2009, Cat Financial’s quarterly interest coverage ratio was 1.44 to 1.  This is above the 1.15 to 1 minimum ratio of (1) earnings before interest expense and income taxes to (2) interest expense for each fiscal quarter required by the Credit Facilities.

In addition, at June 30, 2009, Cat Financial's leverage ratio was 7.22 to 1.  This is below the maximum ratio of debt to net worth of 10 to 1, calculated (1) monthly as the average leverage ratios over the preceding six calendar months and (2) at each December 31 required by the Credit Facilities.

In the event Caterpillar or Cat Financial does not meet one or more of their respective financial covenants under the Credit Facilities in the future (and are unable to obtain a consent or waiver), the bank group may terminate the commitments allocated to the non-compliant party or the commitments with respect to Credit Facility 1 could be, depending on the circumstances, reallocated among Caterpillar and/or Cat Financial.  Additionally, in such event, certain of Cat Financial’s other lenders under other loan agreements where such financial covenants are applicable, may, at their election, choose to pursue remedies under such loan agreements, including accelerating outstanding borrowings.  At June 30, 2009, there were no borrowings under the Credit Facilities.

Our total credit commitments as of June 30, 2009 were:
 
(Millions of dollars)
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines
 
Financial
Products
Credit lines available:
                     
 
Global credit facilities
$
8,228
   
$
2,375
 1
 
$
5,853
 
 
Other external
 
4,294
     
1,122
     
3,172
 
Total credit lines available
 
12,522
     
3,497
     
9,025
 
Less: Global credit facilities supporting commercial paper
 
(2,926
)
   
(100
)
   
(2,826
)
Less: Utilized credit
 
(2,327
)
   
(501
)
   
(1,826
)
Available credit
$
7,269
   
$
2,896
   
$
4,373
 

1
Includes $1.375 billion from Credit Facility 2.
 

Other consolidated credit lines with banks as of June 30, 2009 total $4.29 billion. These credit lines, which are eligible for renewal at various future dates or have no specified expiration date, are used primarily by our subsidiaries for local funding requirements.  Caterpillar or Cat Financial generally guarantees subsidiary borrowings under these lines.

Uncertain economic conditions, our 2009 outlook and the condition of credit markets increase the risk that one or more of the credit rating agencies may decrease their credit rating for Caterpillar, Cat Financial or their debt securities.  In the event that Caterpillar or Cat Financial, or any of their debt securities, experiences a credit rating downgrade it would likely result in an increase in our borrowing costs and make access to certain credit markets more difficult.

In the event global economic conditions deteriorate more than anticipated or access to debt markets become unavailable, our Machinery and Engines operations would rely on cash flow from operations, use of existing cash balances, borrowings from Cat Financial and access to our Credit Facilities.  Our Financial Products operations would rely on cash flow from its existing retail portfolio of approximately $1 billion per month, utilization of existing cash balances, access to our Credit Facilities and other credit line facilities held by Cat Financial and potential borrowings from Caterpillar.

During the second quarter of 2009, we made a voluntary contribution of 18.2 million shares ($650 million) of Caterpillar common stock, held as treasury stock, to our U.S. pension plans.

Machinery and Engines
Net cash provided by operating activities was $583 million for the first half of 2009 compared to cash provided by operating activities of $1.48 billion in the first half of 2008.  The change was primarily due to a $221 million profit of consolidated and affiliated companies in the current year compared with profit of consolidated and affiliated companies of $2.04 billion a year ago.  Although there was a significant decline in receivables and inventory in 2009, this was more than offset by a decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other working capital items, unfavorably impacting operating cash flow.  In 2008, the benefit from profit of consolidated and affiliated companies was offset by an increase in working capital, primarily inventory.  Net cash used by investing activities in 2009 was $35 million compared to $560 million used for investing activities in 2008.  The change was primarily due to a $362 million reduction in capital expenditures and higher proceeds from intercompany loans in 2009.  Net cash used for financing activities in 2009 was $378 million compared with cash used for financing activities of $1.33 billion in the same period a year ago.  During 2009, proceeds from loans with Cat Financial of $1.02 billion were offset by payments on short-term borrowings.  During the first half of 2008, there were $1.4 billion of purchases of Caterpillar stock. Given the current economic conditions, we have suspended our stock repurchase program.
 
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Our priorities for the use of cash are a strong financial position that helps protect our credit rating, capital to support growth, appropriately funded employee benefit plans, paying dividends and common stock repurchases with excess cash.

Strong financial position - A key measure of Machinery and Engines financial strength used by both management and our credit rating agencies is Machinery and Engines’ debt-to-capital ratio. Debt-to-capital is defined as short-term borrowings, long-term debt due within one year, redeemable noncontrolling interest and long-term debt due after one year (debt) divided by the sum of debt (including redeemable noncontrolling interest) and stockholders’ equity.  Debt also includes borrowings from Financial Products.  The debt-to-capital ratio for Machinery and Engines was 53.1 percent at June 30, 2009 compared to 31.5 percent at June 30, 2008, above our target range of 35 to 45 percent.  In addition to the debt-to-capital ratios, certain rating agencies have increased their focus on the extent to which Caterpillar and Cat Financial have cash and cash equivalents and unused credit lines available to meet short-term debt requirements.  Caterpillar and Cat Financial have been taking this focus into account when planning for 2009 liquidity needs.  This focus has resulted in higher cash balances and corresponding increases in the net cost of funds for Caterpillar and Cat Financial.

Capital to support growth - Capital expenditures during the first six months of 2009 were $442 million, a decrease of $362 million compared to the first six months of 2008.  We are focusing on completing in-flight projects and starting only the highest priority new projects such as Tier 4 emissions, expanding our manufacturing presence in China and other strategically important investments.  We expect capital expenditures to be about $1.5 billion in 2009, a decline of about 38 percent from 2008.  Of the total $1.5 billion in capital expenditures estimated for 2009, about 15% is anticipated for Tier 4 compliance initiatives.

Appropriately funded employee benefit plans - To proactively address funding obligations, we expect to contribute approximately $1 billion to pension plans in 2009.  During the first half of 2009, $953 million was contributed.  To provide the company with greater financial flexibility, we funded a portion of the contribution with company stock.  In May 2009, 18.2 million shares of company stock were contributed to U.S. pension plans.  This equated to a contribution of approximately $650 million.  In addition, beginning in June 2009, the company began funding the 401(k) match with company stock.  This equates to the equivalent of approximately $10 million per month.
 
Paying dividends - Dividends paid totaled $505 million in the first two quarters of 2009, representing 42 cents per share.  Each quarter, our Board of Directors reviews the company’s dividend and determines whether to increase, maintain or decrease the dividend for the applicable quarter.  The Board evaluates the financial condition of the company and considers the economic outlook, corporate cash flow, the company’s liquidity needs, and the health and stability of global credit markets to determine whether to maintain or change the quarterly dividend.  Decreasing or suspending the quarterly dividend are potential actions which could be triggered to improve liquidity and will be reviewed and analyzed as the company focuses on trough management to weather the global economic recession.

Common stock repurchases - Pursuant to the February 2007 Board-authorized stock repurchase program, which expires on December 31, 2011, $3.8 billion of the $7.5 billion authorized has been spent through June 30, 2009.  As a result of current economic conditions, we have suspended our stock repurchase program.  Basic shares outstanding as of June 30, 2009 were 621 million.
 
Financial Products
Operating cash flow was $518 million through the first half of 2009, compared with $628 million for the same period a year ago.  Net cash provided by investing activities was $1.98 billion for the first half of 2009, compared to a $2.69 billion use of cash for the same period in 2008. This change is primarily the result of lower levels of new retail financing at Cat Financial, partially offset by lower collections. Net cash used for financing activities was $1.40 billion through the first half of 2009, compared to a source of cash of $2.10 billion for the same period of 2008, primarily due to lower funding requirements.

Overall portfolio quality was not significantly different than at the end of the first quarter.  At the end of the second quarter 2009, past dues were 5.53 percent compared with 5.44 percent at the end of the first quarter.  At the end of the second quarter 2008 past dues were 3.35 percent. We expect there will be continued pressure on past dues during the remainder of 2009.
 
Bad debt write-offs, net of recoveries, were $55 million for the second quarter of 2009, up from $47 million in the first quarter of 2009 and up more significantly from $19 million for the second quarter of 2008.  The $36 million year-over-year increase was driven by adverse economic conditions primarily in North America and, to a lesser extent, in Europe.
 
Year-to-date annualized losses are 0.82 percent of year-to-date average retail portfolio compared to 0.74 percent for the first quarter.  The rate of write-offs, at 0.82 percent, is higher in comparison to the most recent period of economic weakness in 2001 and 2002, which were 0.65 percent and 0.69 percent, respectively.
 
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At the end of the second quarter 2009, Cat Financial's allowance for credit losses totaled $378 million, a decrease of $13 million compared to the $391 million allowance for credit losses in the second quarter of 2008.  The decrease in allowance for credit losses resulted from a $47 million decrease due to a reduction in the overall net finance receivable portfolio, partially offset by a $34 million increase in the allowance rate.
 
Cat Financial has continued to maintain access to ample funding to cover debt maturities through a broad and diverse funding program.  During the second quarter of 2009, Cat Financial issued EUR 650 million in European medium-term notes and C$500 million in a Canadian medium-term note.  These issuances, coupled with year-to-date and projected cash receipts, have covered more than 2009 total debt maturities.  Cat Financial will remain selective and opportunistic in issuing debt.

Cat Financial has maintained good access to commercial paper (CP) markets throughout the second quarter of 2009.  While Cat Financial operated with lower average CP balances in the second quarter of 2009 due to historically high cash balances, market access remained good in the U.S., Canada and Europe with attractive pricing levels.  Commercial paper in Japan experienced improvements in access and rate levels during the second quarter while broader CP market conditions in Australia remained less favorable.  As the global liquidity situation evolves, we will continue to monitor and adapt our funding approach accordingly.  We continue to maintain higher levels of cash, which has increased our net cost of funds.


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts. The more significant estimates include: residual values for leased assets, fair market values for goodwill impairment tests, impairment of available-for-sale securities, warranty liability, stock-based compensation, reserves for product liability and insurance losses, postretirement benefits, post-sale discounts, credit losses and income taxes. We have incorporated many years of data into the determination of each of these estimates and we have not historically experienced significant adjustments. These assumptions are reviewed at least annually with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Following are the methods and assumptions used in determining our estimates and an indication of the risks inherent in each.

Residual values for leased assets — The residual values for Cat Financial’s leased assets, which are based upon the estimated wholesale market value of leased equipment at the time of the expiration of the lease, represent a careful analysis of historical wholesale market sales prices, projected forward on a level trend line without consideration for inflation or possible future pricing action.  At the inception of the lease, residual values are derived from consideration of the following critical factors: market size and demand, any known significant market/product trends, total expected hours of usage, machine configuration, application, location, model changes, quantities and past re-marketing experience, third-party residual guarantees and contractual customer purchase options.  During the term of the leases, residual amounts are monitored.  If estimated market values reflect a non-temporary impairment due to economic factors, obsolescence or other adverse circumstances, the residuals are adjusted to the lower estimated values by a charge to earnings.  For equipment on operating leases, the charge is recognized through depreciation expense.  For finance leases, it is recognized through a reduction of finance revenue.
 
Fair values for goodwill impairment tests — We test goodwill for impairment annually, at the reporting unit level, and whenever events or circumstances make it likely that an impairment may have occurred, such as a significant adverse change in the business climate or a decision to sell all or a portion of a reporting unit.  We perform our annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitor for interim triggering events on an ongoing basis.

Goodwill is reviewed for impairment utilizing a two-step process.  The first step requires us to compare the fair value of each reporting unit to the respective carrying value, which includes goodwill.  If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, the goodwill is not considered impaired.  If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, there is an indication that an impairment may exist and the second step is required.  In step two, the implied fair value of the goodwill is calculated as the excess of the fair value of a reporting unit over the fair values assigned to its assets and liabilities.  If the implied fair value of goodwill is less than the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the difference is recognized as an impairment loss.

The impairment test process requires valuation of the respective reporting unit, which we estimate using a discounted five year forecasted cash flow with a year-five residual value based upon a comparative market Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) multiple.  The assumptions about future cash flows and growth rates are based on each reporting unit’s long-term forecast and are subject to review and approval by senior management. The market EBITDA multiple is based on market transactions in the reporting unit’s industry. The discount rate is based on our weighted average cost of capital, which we believe approximates the rate from a market participant’s perspective. The estimated fair value could be impacted by changes in interest rates, growth rates, costs, pricing, capital expenditures and market conditions.
 
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The 2008 annual impairment test indicated the fair value of each of our reporting units exceeded its respective carrying value, including goodwill. Subsequent to the 2008 annual impairment test, economic and market conditions deteriorated, affecting the outlook of our various businesses.  Although our businesses have been impacted by the economic downturn, Caterpillar’s market capitalization has remained significantly above its book value and evaluations of our reporting units indicated that it was unlikely the fair value of any reporting unit fell below its carrying value.  Accordingly, we have not performed an interim goodwill impairment test subsequent to the 2008 annual impairment test.

A prolonged economic downturn resulting in lower EBITDA multiples, lower long-term growth rates and reduced long-term profitability may reduce the fair value of our reporting units. Industry specific events or circumstances that have a negative impact to the valuation assumptions may also reduce the fair value of our reporting units.  Should such events occur and it becomes more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value has fallen below its carrying value, we will perform an interim goodwill impairment test(s), in addition to the annual impairment test.  Future impairment tests may result in a goodwill impairment, depending on the outcome of both step one and step two of the impairment review process.  A goodwill impairment would be reported as a non-cash charge to earnings.

Impairment of available-for-sale securities  Available-for-sale securities, primarily at Cat Insurance, are reviewed at least quarterly to identify fair values below cost which may indicate that a security is impaired and should be written down to fair value.

For debt securities, once a security’s fair value is below cost we utilize data gathered by investment managers, external sources and internal research to monitor the performance of the security to determine whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred.  These reviews consist of both quantitative and qualitative analysis and require a degree of management judgment.  Securities in a loss position are monitored and assessed at least quarterly based on severity of loss and may be deemed other-than-temporarily impaired at any time.  Once a security’s fair value has been twenty percent or more below its original cost for six consecutive months, the security will be other-than-temporarily impaired unless there are sufficient facts and circumstances supporting otherwise.

For equity securities in a loss position, determining whether the security is other-than-temporarily impaired requires an analysis of the securities’ historical sector returns and volatility. This information is utilized to estimate the security’s future fair value to assess whether the security has the ability to recover to its original cost over a reasonable period of time as follows:
 
 
·
Historical annualized sector returns over a two-year period are analyzed to estimate the securities’ fair value over the next two years.
 
 
·
The volatility factor for the security is applied to the sector historical returns to further estimate the fair value of the security over the next two years.

In the event the estimated future fair value is less than the original cost, qualitative factors are then considered in determining whether a security is other-than-temporarily impaired, which includes reviews of the following:  significant changes in the regulatory, economic or technological environment of the investee, significant changes in the general market condition of either the geographic area or the industry in which the investee operates, and length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost.  These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment.

Warranty liability — At the time a sale is recognized, we record estimated future warranty costs.  The warranty liability is determined by applying historical claim rate experience to the current field population and dealer inventory.  Generally, historical claim rates are based on actual warranty experience for each product by machine model/engine size.  Specific rates are developed for each product build month and are updated monthly based on actual warranty claim experience.  Warranty costs may differ from those estimated if actual claim rates are higher or lower than our historical rates.

Stock-based compensation — We use a lattice-based option-pricing model to calculate the fair value of our stock options and SARs.  The calculation of the fair value of the awards using the lattice-based option-pricing model is affected by our stock price on the date of grant as well as assumptions regarding the following:
 
 
·
Volatility is a measure of the amount by which the stock price is expected to fluctuate each year during the expected life of the award and is based on historical and current implied volatilities from traded options on Caterpillar stock. The implied volatilities from traded options are impacted by changes in market conditions.  An increase in the volatility would result in an increase in our expense.
 
 
·
The expected term represents the period of time that awards granted are expected to be outstanding and is an output of the lattice-based option-pricing model. In determining the expected term of the award, future exercise and forfeiture patterns are estimated from Caterpillar employee historical exercise behavior.  These patterns are also affected by the vesting conditions of the award.  Changes in the future exercise behavior of employees or in the vesting period of the award could result in a change in the expected term.  An increase in the expected term would result in an increase to our expense.
 
 
·
The weighted-average dividend yield is based on Caterpillar's historical dividend yields.  As holders of stock-based awards do not receive dividend payments, this could result in employees retaining the award for a longer period of time if dividend yields decrease or exercising the award sooner if dividend yields increase.  A decrease in the dividend yield would result in an increase in our expense.
 
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·
The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at time of grant.  As the risk-free interest rate increases, the expected term increases, resulting in an increase in our expense.

The fair value of our RSUs is determined by reducing the stock price on the date of grant by the present value of the estimated dividends to be paid during the vesting period. The estimated dividends are based on Caterpillar’s weighted-average dividend yields. A decrease in the dividend yield would result in an increase in our expense.

Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the number of awards that are expected to vest.  In determining the stock-based compensation expense to be recognized, a forfeiture rate is applied to the fair value of the award.  This rate represents the number of awards that are expected to be forfeited prior to vesting and is based on Caterpillar employee historical behavior.  Changes in the future behavior of employees could impact this rate.  A decrease in this rate would result in an increase in our expense.

Product liability and insurance loss reserve — We determine these reserves based upon reported claims in process of settlement and actuarial estimates for losses incurred but not reported. Loss reserves, including incurred but not reported reserves, are based on estimates and ultimate settlements may vary significantly from such estimates due to increased claims frequency or severity over historical levels.
 
Postretirement benefits — Primary actuarial assumptions were determined as follows:
 
 
·
The U.S. expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on our estimate of long-term passive returns for equities and fixed income securities weighted by the allocation of our plan assets. Based on historical performance, we increase the passive returns due to our active management of the plan assets. A similar process is used to determine the rate for our non-U.S. pension plans. This rate is impacted by changes in general market conditions, but because it represents a long-term rate, it is not significantly impacted by short-term market swings. Changes in our allocation of plan assets would also impact this rate. For example, a shift to more fixed income securities would lower the rate. A decrease in the rate would increase our expense.
 
 
·
The assumed discount rate is used to discount future benefit obligations back to today's dollars.  The U.S. discount rate is based on a benefit cash flow-matching approach and represents the rate at which our benefit obligations could effectively be settled as of our measurement date, December 31.  The benefit cash flow-matching approach involves analyzing Caterpillar's projected cash flows against a high quality bond yield curve, calculated using a wide population of corporate Aa bonds available on the measurement date.  The very highest and lowest yielding bonds (top and bottom 10%) are excluded from the analysis.  Prior to 2008, we used the Moody's Aa bond yield as of our measurement date, November 30, and validated the discount rate using the benefit cash flow-matching approach.  A similar change was made to determine the assumed discount rate for our most significant non-U.S. plans. This rate is sensitive to changes in interest rates. A decrease in the discount rate would increase our obligation and future expense.
 
 
·
The expected rate of compensation increase is used to develop benefit obligations using projected pay at retirement. It represents average long-term salary increases. This rate is influenced by our long-term compensation policies. An increase in the rate would increase our obligation and expense.
 
 
·
The assumed health care trend rate represents the rate at which health care costs are assumed to increase and is based on historical and expected experience. Changes in our projections of future health care costs due to general economic conditions and those specific to health care (e.g., technology driven cost changes) will impact this trend rate. An increase in the trend rate would increase our obligation and expense.

Post-sale discount reserve — We provide discounts to dealers and OEMs through merchandising programs that are administered by our marketing groups.  We have numerous programs that are designed to promote the sale of our products.  The most common dealer programs provide a discount when the dealer sells a product to a targeted end user.  OEM programs provide discounts designed to encourage the use of our engines. The cost of discounts is estimated based on historical experience and planned changes in merchandising programs and is reported as a reduction to sales when the product sale is recognized.  The amount of accrued post-sale discounts was $748 million and $828 million as of June 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.  The reserve represents discounts that we expect to pay on previously sold units and is reviewed at least quarterly.  The reserve is adjusted if discounts paid differ from those estimated.  Historically, those adjustments have not been material.

Credit loss reserve — Management's ongoing evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses considers both impaired and unimpaired finance receivables and takes into consideration past loss experience, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower's ability to repay, estimated value of underlying collateral and current economic conditions. In estimating probable losses we review accounts that are past due, non-performing, in bankruptcy or otherwise identified as at risk for potential credit loss. Accounts are identified as at risk for potential credit loss using information available about the customer, such as financial statements, news reports and published credit ratings as well as general information regarding industry trends and the general economic environment.
 
Page 62
 
 
 
The allowance for credit losses attributable to specific accounts is based on the most probable source of repayment, which is normally the liquidation of collateral. In determining collateral value we estimate current fair market value of collateral and factor in credit enhancements such as additional collateral and third-party guarantees. The allowance for credit losses attributable to the remaining accounts is a general allowance based upon the risk in the portfolio, primarily using probabilities of default and an estimate of associated losses. In addition, qualitative factors not able to be fully captured in previous analysis including industry trends, macroeconomic factors and model imprecision are considered in the evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses. These qualitative factors are subjective and require a degree of management judgment.
 
While management believes it has exercised prudent judgment and applied reasonable assumptions which have resulted in an allowance presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, there can be no assurance that in the future, changes in economic conditions or other factors might cause changes in the financial health of our customers which could change the timing and level of payments received thus necessitating a change to our estimated losses.
 
Income tax reserve — We are subject to the income tax laws of the many jurisdictions in which we operate.  These tax laws are complex, and the manner in which they apply to our facts is sometimes open to interpretation.  In establishing the provision for income taxes, we must make judgments about the application of these inherently complex tax laws.

Despite our belief that our tax return positions are consistent with applicable tax laws, we believe that taxing authorities could challenge certain positions. Settlement of any challenge can result in no change, a complete disallowance, or some partial adjustment reached through negotiations or litigation. We record tax benefits for uncertain tax positions based upon management’s evaluation of the information available at the reporting date.  To be recognized in the financial statements, a tax benefit must be at least more likely than not of being sustained based on technical merits.  The benefit for positions meeting the recognition threshold is measured as the largest benefit more likely than not of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information.  Significant judgment is required in making these determinations and adjustments to unrecognized tax benefits may be necessary to reflect actual taxes payable upon settlement.  Adjustments related to positions impacting the effective tax rate affect the provision for income taxes.  Adjustments related to positions impacting the timing of deductions impact deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets generally represent tax benefits for tax deductions or credits available in future tax returns.  Certain estimates and assumptions are required to determine whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the benefit of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.  In making this assessment, management analyzes and estimates the impact of future taxable income, reversing temporary differences and available prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.  Should a change in facts or circumstances lead to a change in judgment about the ultimate realizability of a deferred tax asset, we record or adjust the related valuation allowance in the period that the change in facts and circumstances occurs, along with a corresponding increase or decrease in the provision for income taxes.

A provision for U.S. income taxes has not been recorded on undistributed profits of our non-U.S. subsidiaries that we have determined to be indefinitely reinvested outside the U.S.  If management intentions or U.S. tax law changes in the future, a provision for income taxes may need to be provided in the period the change occurs.


EMPLOYMENT

Worldwide employment was 95,761 at the end of second quarter 2009.  Excluding the impact of consolidating Cat Japan, employment declined by approximately 15,000 from second quarter 2008.  Cat Japan added about 5,500.
 
Since late 2008, we have taken a variety of steps to bring our workforce in line with demand. This includes full-time Caterpillar employees who have been laid off or separated and those who have taken advantage of incentive-based voluntary plans offered by the company.  Since the end of 2008 full-time employment has declined by about 17,100.  In addition, we have long utilized a flexible workforce made up of part-time/temporary, contract and agency workers to better respond to shifts in demand.  These workers are not included in our full-time employment.  Since late 2008, we have reduced this flexible workforce by more than 17,000.  Depending on business conditions, more layoffs and reductions may be required.  In addition, we expect to maintain volume flexibility with cost-effective rolling layoffs.
 

OTHER MATTERS

Environmental and Legal Matters
 
The company is regulated by federal, state and international environmental laws governing our use, transport and disposal of substances and control of emissions. In addition to governing our manufacturing and other operations, these laws often impact the development of our products, including, but not limited to, required compliance with air emissions standards applicable to internal combustion engines. Compliance with these existing laws has not had a material impact on our capital expenditures, earnings or global competitive position.
 
Page 63
 
 
 
We are engaged in remedial activities at a number of locations, often with other companies, pursuant to federal and state laws.  When it is probable we will pay remedial costs at a site and those costs can be reasonably estimated, the costs are charged against our earnings.  In formulating that estimate, we do not consider amounts expected to be recovered from insurance companies or others.  The amount recorded for environmental remediation is not material and is included in Accrued expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

We cannot reasonably estimate costs at sites in the very early stages of remediation.  Currently, we have a few sites in the very early stages of remediation, and there is no more than a remote chance that a material amount for remedial activities at any individual site, or at all sites in the aggregate, will be required.

On May 14, 2007, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Violation to Caterpillar Inc., alleging various violations of Clean Air Act Sections 203, 206 and 207.  EPA claims that Caterpillar violated such sections by shipping engines and catalytic converter after-treatment devices separately, introducing into commerce a number of uncertified and/or misbuilt engines, and failing to timely report emissions-related defects.  Caterpillar is currently engaging in negotiations with EPA to resolve these issues, but it is too early in the process to place precise estimates on the potential exposure to penalties.  However, Caterpillar is cooperating with EPA and, based upon initial discussions, and although penalties could potentially exceed $100,000, management does not believe that this issue will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

On February 8, 2009, an incident at Caterpillar's Joliet, Illinois facility resulted in the release of approximately 3,000 gallons of wastewater into the Des Plaines River. In coordination with state and federal authorities, appropriate remediation measures have been taken. On February 23, the Illinois Attorney General filed a Complaint in Will County Circuit Court containing seven Counts of violations of state environmental laws and regulations.  Each Count seeks injunctive relief, as well as statutory penalties of $50,000 per violation and $10,000 per day of violation. In addition, on March 5, the U.S. EPA served Caterpillar with a Notice of Intent to file a Civil Administrative Action, indicating EPA’s intent to seek civil penalties for violations of the Clean Water Act and Oil Pollution Act.  The Notice of Intent seeks up to $16,000 per day of violation.  Neither the Complaint nor the Notice of Intent quantifies the total number of violations or total number of days during which violations are alleged to have occurred. At this time, we do not believe these proceedings will have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.

We have disclosed certain individual legal proceedings in this filing.  Additionally, we are involved in other unresolved legal actions that arise in the normal course of business. The most prevalent of these unresolved actions involve disputes related to product design, manufacture and performance liability (including claimed asbestos and welding fumes exposure), contracts, employment issues or intellectual property rights.  Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions, we believe that these actions will not individually or in the aggregate have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or liquidity.


Retirement Benefits
 
We recognized pension expense of $112 million and $369 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, as compared to $47 million and $94 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.  The increase in expense was the result of increased amortization of net actuarial losses due to significant asset losses in 2008 and lower expected return on plan assets in 2009.  In addition, pension expense for the six months ended June 30, 2009 included $139 million of curtailment, settlement and special termination benefit costs due to first quarter voluntary and involuntary separation programs (discussed below).  SFAS 87, "Employers' Accounting for Pensions," as amended by SFAS 158, requires companies to discount future benefit obligations back to today's dollars using a discount rate that is based on high-quality fixed-income investments. A decrease in the discount rate increases the pension benefit obligation, while an increase in the discount rate decreases the pension benefit obligation.  This increase or decrease in the pension benefit obligation is recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently amortized into earnings as an actuarial gain or loss.  SFAS 87 also requires companies to use an expected long-term rate of asset return for computing current year pension expense.  Differences between the actual and expected returns are also recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently amortized into earnings as actuarial gains and losses.  As of June 30, 2009, total actuarial losses, recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), related to pensions were $7.65 billion.  The majority of the actuarial losses are due to significant asset losses during 2008 in addition to losses from other demographic and economic assumptions over the past several years.
 
Other postretirement benefit expense was $52 million and $180 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, as compared to $71 million and $143 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2008.  The decrease in expense for the three months ended June 30, 2009 was the result of an amendment to our U.S. support and management other postretirement benefit plan (discussed below).  The increase in expense for the six months ended June 30, 2009 was due to first quarter curtailment losses of $62 million recognized as a result of employee separation programs (discussed below).  Actuarial losses, recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), for other postretirement benefit plans were $842 million at June 30, 2009. These losses mainly reflect significant asset losses during 2008, an increase in expected health care inflation and several years of declining discount rates.
 
Page 64
 
 
 
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 158, which requires recognition of the overfunded or underfunded status of pension and other postretirement benefit plans on the balance sheet.  Also, the measurement date – the date at which the benefit obligation and plan assets are measured – is required to be the company’s fiscal year-end.  We adopted the balance sheet recognition provisions at December 31, 2006, and adopted the year-end measurement date effective January 1, 2008 using the “one measurement” approach.  Under the one measurement approach, net periodic benefit cost for the period between any early measurement date and the end of the fiscal year that the measurement provisions are applied is allocated proportionately between amounts to be recognized as an adjustment of Profit employed in the business and net periodic benefit cost for the fiscal year.  Previously, we used a November 30th measurement date for our U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit plans and September 30th for our non-U.S. plans.  The adoption of SFAS 158 year-end measurement date provisions increased January 1, 2008 assets by $8 million, increased liabilities by $24 million and reduced stockholders’ equity by $16 million.  The adoption of this Statement did not impact our results of operations.
 
Actuarial losses for both pensions and other postretirement benefits will be impacted in future periods by actual asset returns, actual health care inflation, discount rate changes, actual demographic experience and other factors that impact these expenses. These losses, reported in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), will be amortized as a component of net periodic benefit cost on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the benefit plans. At the end of 2008, the average remaining service period of active employees was 10 years for our U.S. pension plans, 13 years for our non-U.S. pension plans and 7 years for other postretirement benefit plans.  We expect our amortization of net actuarial losses to increase approximately $68 million in 2009 as compared to 2008, primarily due to significant asset losses in 2008.

First quarter 2009 voluntary and involuntary separation programs impacted employees participating in U.S. and non-U.S. pension and other postretirement benefit plans.  Due to the significance of these events, certain plans were re-measured as of January 31 and March 31, 2009.  U.S. separation programs resulted in curtailment losses of $124 million to pension and $61 million to other postretirement benefit plans.  Special termination benefits of $6 million were also recognized for a U.S. pension early retirement program.  Non-U.S. separation programs resulted in settlement losses of $9 million to pension and curtailment losses of $1 million to other postretirement benefit plans.

In March 2009, we amended our U.S. support and management other postretirement benefit plan.  Beginning in 2010, certain retirees age 65 and older will no longer participate in a Caterpillar-sponsored group health plan.  Instead, the retirees will enroll in individual health plans that work with Medicare, such as Medicare Advantage and Medicare Supplement plans.  In addition, Caterpillar will fund a tax-advantaged Health Reimbursement Account (HRA) to assist retirees with premiums and other qualified medical expenses.  As a result of this amendment, the plan was re-measured as of March 31, 2009, which decreased our existing benefit obligation by approximately $432 million.  This reflects a discount rate of 6.4%.  The decrease will be amortized into earnings on a straight-line basis over approximately 7 years, the average remaining service period of active employees impacted by the plan changes.

We expect our total pension and other postretirement benefits expense to increase approximately $180 million in 2009 as compared to 2008, excluding the impacts from the 2009 curtailment, settlement and special termination benefits discussed above.  This increase in expense is primarily due to increased amortization of net actuarial losses due to significant asset losses in 2008 and lower expected return on plan assets in 2009, partially offset by a $60 million reduction in U.S. other postretirement benefits cost as a result of the plan amendment.

We made $953 million of contributions to our U.S. and non-U.S. pension plans during the six months ended June 30, 2009, including a voluntary contribution to our U.S. plans of 18.2 million shares ($650 million) in Caterpillar stock, held as treasury stock.  We currently anticipate additional cash contributions of approximately $50 million during the remainder of the year.  We have adequate liquidity resources to fund both U.S. and non-U.S. plans.

Employee separation charges
 
During the fourth quarter 2008, we recognized employee separation charges of $30 million in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations related to various voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  These programs, impacting 3,085 production and support and management employees worldwide, were in response to a sharp decline in sales volume due to the global recession.

During the first quarter 2009, continued cost reduction efforts in various locations around the world resulted in additional separation charges of $357 million, recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations, related to the following separation programs:

 
U.S. Voluntary Separation Program - During December 2008, we announced a voluntary separation program for certain support and management employees based in the United States.  Eligible employees had until January 12, 2009 to sign up for the program, and generally until January 31, 2009 to make a final decision.  Participating employees received severance pay based on current salary level and years of service.  During first quarter 2009, 2,213 employees accepted the program, the majority of which separated from Caterpillar by March 31, 2009.
 
Page 65
 
 
 
 
Other U.S. Separation Programs - During the first quarter 2009, we initiated plans to reduce U.S. based production and support and management positions through a variety of programs.  For support and management employees, these included involuntary separation programs.  For production employees, these included both voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  During the first quarter 2009, 6,870 employees accepted or were subject to these programs.

 
Non-U.S. Separation Programs - During the first quarter 2009, we initiated several other separation programs outside the U.S.  These programs, designed specific to the laws and regulations of the individual countries, represent voluntary and involuntary plans for production and support and management employees.  During the first quarter 2009, 3,957 employees accepted or were subject to the various programs.

During the second quarter 2009, on-going cost reduction efforts worldwide resulted in additional separation charges of $85 million, recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.  These efforts, impacting production and support and management positions, related to new and previously initiated U.S. and non-U.S. voluntary and involuntary separation programs.  During the second quarter 2009, 1,820 employees accepted or were subject to these programs.

Our accounting for separations is dependent upon how the particular program is designed.  For voluntary programs, eligible separation costs are recognized at the time of employee acceptance.  For involuntary programs, eligible costs are recognized when management has approved the program, the affected employees have been properly identified and the costs are estimable.

The following table summarizes the separation charges in the fourth quarter 2008 and first and second quarter 2009 by geographic region:

 
Machinery and Engines
 
Financial
Products
   
(Millions of dollars)
North
America
 
EAME
 
Latin
America
 
Asia/
Pacific
   
Total
Q4 2008 Separation charges
$
4
   
$
17
   
$
9
   
$
   
$
   
$
30
 
Q4 2008 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
     
(12
)
   
(7
)
   
     
     
(19
)
Liability balance at December 31, 2008
$
4
   
$
5
   
$
2
   
$
   
$
   
$
11
 
                                               
Q1 2009 Separation charges
$
304
   
$
24
   
$
9
   
$
9
   
$
11
   
$
357
 
Q1 2009 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
(205
)
   
(22
)
   
(9
)
   
(6
)
   
(7
)
   
(249
)
Liability balance at March 31, 2009
$
103
   
$
7
   
$
2
   
$
3
   
$
4
   
$
119
 
                                               
Q2 2009 Separation charges
$
7
   
$
68
   
$
3
   
$
7
   
$
   
$
85
 
Q2 2009 Benefit payments and other adjustments
 
(59
)
   
(13
)
   
(4
)
   
(9
)
   
(2
)
   
(87
)
Liability balance at June 30, 2009
$
51
   
$
62
   
$
1
   
$
1
   
$
2
   
$
117
 
                                               

The remaining balances as of June 30, 2009 represent costs for employees that have either not yet separated from the Company or their full severance has not yet been paid.  The majority of these remaining costs will be paid by the end of 2009.

The following table summarizes the number of employees that accepted or were subject to the programs:

 
Second Quarter
2009
 
First Quarter
2009
 
Full Year
2008
Impacted employees at beginning of period
 
5,796
     
1,505
     
 
Impacted employees during the period
 
1,820
     
13,040
     
3,085
 
Employee separations during the period
 
(7,096
)
   
(8,749
)
   
(1,580
)
Impacted employees remaining at the end of period
 
520
     
5,796
     
1,505
 
                       

The majority of the employees that accepted or were subject to the programs but that were still employed as of June 30, 2009 will be separated by the end of the third quarter 2009.

In addition to the first and second quarter 2009 separation charges noted above, during the first quarter we recognized $201 million of costs associated with certain pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which were also recognized in Other operating (income) expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Results of Operations.

Order Backlog
 
The dollar amount of backlog was approximately $8.5 billion at June 30, 2009 and $14.7 billion at December 31, 2008.  Of the total backlog, approximately $2.0 billion at June 30, 2009 and $2.2 billion at December 31, 2008 was not expected to be filled in one year. The decrease during the first half of 2009 reflects the impact of weak global economic conditions.
 
Page 66
 
 
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

The following definitions are provided for “non-GAAP financial measures” in connection with Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission.  These non-GAAP financial measures have no standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP and therefore are unlikely to be comparable to the calculation of similar measures for other companies.  Management does not intend these items to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures.

Profit Per Share Excluding Redundancy Costs
 
During the second quarter of 2009, we incurred redundancy costs of $85 million and $643 million before tax for the three and six months ended June 30, 2009, respectively, related to employment reductions in response to the global recession.  We believe it is important to separately quantify the profit per share impact of redundancy costs in order for our 2009 actual results and 2009 outlook to be meaningful to our readers.  Reconciliation of profit per share excluding redundancy costs to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, profit per share is as follows:
 
 
Second Quarter
2009
 
First Half
2009
 
2009
Outlook 1
Profit per share
$
0.60
   
$
0.42
   
$
0.40 – $1.50
 
Per share redundancy costs
$
0.12
   
$
0.70
   
$
0.75
 
Profit per share excluding redundancy costs
$
0.72
   
$
1.12
   
$
1.15 – 2.25
 

1
2009 Sales and Revenues range of $32 - 36 billion
 
 
Supplemental Consolidating Data

We are providing supplemental consolidating data for the purpose of additional analysis.  The data has been grouped as follows:

Consolidated – Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Machinery and Engines – The Machinery and Engines data contained in the schedules on pages 68 to 75 are "non-GAAP financial measures" as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission in Item 10(e) of Regulation S-K.  These non-GAAP financial measures have no standardized meaning prescribed by U.S. GAAP, and therefore, are unlikely to be comparable with the calculation of similar measures for other companies.  Management does not intend these items to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the related GAAP measures.  Caterpillar defines Machinery and Engines as it is presented in the supplemental data as Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.  Machinery and Engines information relates to our design, manufacturing, marketing and parts distribution operations.  Financial Products information relates to the financing to customers and dealers for the purchase and lease of Caterpillar and other equipment.  The nature of these businesses is different especially with regard to the financial position and cash flow items.  Caterpillar management utilizes this presentation internally to highlight these differences.  We also believe this presentation will assist readers in understanding our business.

Financial Products – Our finance and insurance subsidiaries, primarily Cat Financial and Cat Insurance.

Consolidating Adjustments – Eliminations of transactions between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.

Pages 68 to 75 reconcile Machinery and Engines with Financial Products on the Equity Basis to Caterpillar Inc. consolidated financial information.
 
Page 67
 
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2009
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
 
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
                               
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
7,254
   
$
7,254
   
$
   
$
   
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
721
     
     
814
     
(93
)
2
 
Total sales and revenues
 
7,975
     
7,254
     
814
     
(93
)
 
                                   
Operating costs:
                               
 
Cost of goods sold
 
5,752
     
5,752
     
     
   
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
914
     
789
     
129
     
(4
)
3
 
Research and development expenses
 
351
     
351
     
     
   
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
272
     
     
272
     
 
4
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
339
     
59
     
286
     
(6
)
3
 
Total operating costs
 
7,628
     
6,951
     
687
     
(10
)
 
                                   
Operating profit
 
347
     
303
     
127
     
(83
)
 
                                   
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
109
     
139
     
     
(30
)
4
 
Other income (expense)
 
163
     
97
     
13
     
53
 
5
                                   
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
401
     
261
     
140
     
   
                                   
 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
40
     
6
     
34
     
   
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
361
     
255
     
106
     
   
                                   
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated
affiliated companies
 
(1
)
   
(1
)
   
     
   
 
Equity in profit of Financial Products' subsidiaries
 
     
102
     
     
(102
)
6
                                 
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
360
     
356
     
106
     
(102
)
 
                                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(11
)
   
(15
)
   
4
     
   
                                 
Profit 7
$
371
   
$
371
   
$
102
   
$
(102
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from Machinery and Engines.
3
Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery and Engines paid to Financial Products.
4
Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and Machinery and Engines.
5
Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery and Engines on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
6
Elimination of Financial Products’ profit due to equity method of accounting.
7
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
 
Page 68
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2008
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
 
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
                               
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
12,797
   
$
12,797
   
$
   
$
   
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
827
     
     
910
     
(83
)
2
 
Total sales and revenues
 
13,624
     
12,797
     
910
     
(83
)
 
                                   
Operating costs:
                               
 
Cost of goods sold
 
10,036
     
10,036
     
     
   
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
1,074
     
925
     
154
     
(5
)
3
 
Research and development expenses
 
415
     
415
     
     
   
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
279
     
     
279
     
 
4
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
295
     
(9
)
   
311
     
(7
)
3
 
Total operating costs
 
12,099
     
11,367
     
744
     
(12
)
 
                                   
Operating profit
 
1,525
     
1,430
     
166
     
(71
)
 
                                   
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
70
     
70
     
     
 
4
 
Other income (expense)
 
83
     
(13
)
   
25
     
71
 
5
                                   
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
1,538
     
1,347
     
191
     
   
                                   
 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
434
     
386
     
48
     
   
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
1,104
     
961
     
143
     
   
                                   
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated
affiliated companies
 
10
     
10
     
     
   
 
Equity in profit of Financial Products' subsidiaries
 
     
140
     
     
(140
)
6
                                 
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
1,114
     
1,111
     
143
     
(140
)
 
                                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
8
     
5
     
3
     
   
                                 
Profit 7
$
1,106
   
$
1,106
   
$
140
   
$
(140
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from Machinery and Engines.
3
Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery and Engines paid to Financial Products.
4
Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and Machinery and Engines.
5
Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery and Engines on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
6
Elimination of Financial Products’ profit due to equity method of accounting.
7
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
 
Page 69
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
 
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
                               
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
15,764
   
$
15,764
   
$
   
$
   
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
1,436
     
     
1,610
     
(174
)
2
 
Total sales and revenues
 
17,200
     
15,764
     
1,610
     
(174
)
 
                                   
Operating costs:
                               
 
Cost of goods sold
 
12,779
     
12,779
     
     
   
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
1,796
     
1,549
     
254
     
(7
)
3
 
Research and development expenses
 
739
     
739
     
     
   
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
551
     
     
554
     
(3
)
4
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
1,163
     
605
     
576
     
(18
)
3
 
Total operating costs
 
17,028
     
15,672
     
1,384
     
(28
)
 
                                   
Operating profit
 
172
     
92
     
226
     
(146
)
 
                                   
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
210
     
253
     
     
(43
)
4
 
Other income (expense)
 
227
     
131
     
(7
)
   
103
 
5
                                   
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
189
     
(30
)
   
219
     
   
                                   
 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
(40
)
   
(93
)
   
53
     
   
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
229
     
63
     
166
     
   
                                   
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated
affiliated companies
 
     
     
     
   
 
Equity in profit of Financial Products' subsidiaries
 
     
158
     
     
(158
)
6
                                 
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
229
     
221
     
166
     
(158
)
 
                                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(30
)
   
(38
)
   
8
     
   
                                 
Profit 7
$
259
   
$
259
   
$
158
   
$
(158
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from Machinery and Engines.
3
Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery and Engines paid to Financial Products.
4
Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and Machinery and Engines.
5
Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery and Engines on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
6
Elimination of Financial Products’ profit due to equity method of accounting.
7
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
 
Page 70
 
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Results of Operations
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
 
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Sales and revenues:
                               
 
Sales of Machinery and Engines
$
23,776
   
$
23,776
   
$
   
$
   
 
Revenues of Financial Products
 
1,644
     
     
1,822
     
(178
)
2
 
Total sales and revenues
 
25,420
     
23,776
     
1,822
     
(178
)
 
                                   
Operating costs:
                               
 
Cost of goods sold
 
18,645
     
18,645
     
     
   
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
2,033
     
1,757
     
288
     
(12
)
3
 
Research and development expenses
 
784
     
784
     
     
   
 
Interest expense of Financial Products
 
563
     
     
565
     
(2
)
4
 
Other operating (income) expenses
 
577
     
(20
)
   
608
     
(11
)
3
 
Total operating costs
 
22,602
     
21,166
     
1,461
     
(25
)
 
                                   
Operating profit
 
2,818
     
2,610
     
361
     
(153
)
 
                                   
 
Interest expense excluding Financial Products
 
144
     
144
     
     
 
4
 
Other income (expense)
 
205
     
8
     
44
     
153
 
5
                                   
Consolidated profit before taxes
 
2,879
     
2,474
     
405
     
   
                                   
 
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
 
854
     
736
     
118
     
   
 
Profit of consolidated companies
 
2,025
     
1,738
     
287
     
   
                                   
 
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated
affiliated companies
 
21
     
21
     
     
   
 
Equity in profit of Financial Products' subsidiaries
 
     
279
     
     
(279
)
6
                                 
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies
 
2,046
     
2,038
     
287
     
(279
)
 
                                 
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
18
     
10
     
8
     
   
                                 
Profit 7
$
2,028
   
$
2,028
   
$
279
   
$
(279
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products’ revenues earned from Machinery and Engines.
3
Elimination of net expenses recorded by Machinery and Engines paid to Financial Products.
4
Elimination of interest expense recorded between Financial Products and Machinery and Engines.
5
Elimination of discount recorded by Machinery and Engines on receivables sold to Financial Products and of interest earned between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
6
Elimination of Financial Products’ profit due to equity method of accounting.
7
Profit attributable to common stockholders.
 
Page 71
 
 

Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Financial Position
At June 30, 2009
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
       
Supplemental Consolidating Data
   
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Assets
                               
 
Current assets:
                               
   
Cash and short-term investments
$
3,991
   
$
1,675
   
$
2,316
   
$
   
   
Receivables – trade and other
 
6,534
     
4,110
     
1,412
     
1,012
 
2,3
   
Receivables – finance
 
8,110
     
     
10,242
     
(2,132
)
3
   
Deferred and refundable income taxes
 
1,147
     
1,057
     
90
     
   
   
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
441
     
430
     
29
     
(18
)
4
   
Inventories
 
7,160
     
7,160
     
     
   
 
Total current assets
 
27,383
     
14,432
     
14,089
     
(1,138
)
 
                                   
 
Property, plant and equipment – net
 
12,226
     
9,144
     
3,082
     
   
 
Long-term receivables – trade and other
 
817
     
385
     
169
     
263
 
2,3
 
Long-term receivables – finance
 
13,488
     
     
13,781
     
(293
)
3
 
Investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
92
     
92
     
     
   
 
Investments in Financial Products subsidiaries
 
     
4,175
     
     
(4,175
)
5
 
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes
 
3,270
     
3,611
     
92
     
(433
)
6
 
Intangible assets
 
485
     
484
     
1
     
   
 
Goodwill
 
2,264
     
2,264
     
     
   
 
Other assets
 
2,067
     
304
     
1,763
     
   
Total assets
$
62,092
   
$
34,891
   
$
32,977
   
$
(5,776
)
 
                                 
Liabilities
                               
 
Current liabilities:
                               
   
Short-term borrowings
$
5,172
   
$
1,705
   
$
4,482
   
$
(1,015
)
7
   
Accounts payable
 
2,682
     
2,541
     
247
     
(106
)
8
   
Accrued expenses
 
3,611
     
2,176
     
1,452
     
(17
)
9
   
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits
 
795
     
787
     
8
     
   
   
Customer advances
 
1,546
     
1,546
     
     
   
   
Dividends payable
 
261
     
261
     
     
   
   
Other current liabilities
 
857
     
777
     
95
     
(15
)
6
   
Long-term debt due within one year
 
4,566
     
472
     
4,094
     
   
 
Total current liabilities
 
19,490
     
10,265
     
10,378
     
(1,153
)
 
 
Long-term debt due after one year
 
23,558
     
5,707
     
17,881
     
(30
)
7
 
Liability for postemployment benefits
 
8,920
     
8,920
     
     
   
 
Other liabilities
 
2,268
     
2,143
     
543
     
(418
)
6
Total liabilities
 
54,236
     
27,035
     
28,802
     
(1,601
)
 
Commitments and contingencies
                               
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
481
     
481
     
     
   
Stockholders' equity
                               
 
Common stock
 
3,347
     
3,347
     
880
     
(880
)
5
 
Treasury stock
 
(10,745
)
   
(10,745
)
   
     
   
 
Profit employed in the business
 
19,579
     
19,579
     
3,133
     
(3,133
)
5
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(4,906
)
   
(4,906
)
   
94
     
(94
)
5
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
100
     
100
     
68
     
(68
)
5
Total stockholders' equity
 
7,375
     
7,375
     
4,175
     
(4,175
)
 
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest
and stockholders' equity
$
62,092
   
$
34,891
   
$
32,977
   
$
(5,776
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of receivables between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
3
Reclassification of Machinery and Engines’ trade receivables purchased by Cat Financial and Cat Financial's wholesale inventory receivables.
4
Elimination of Machinery and Engines’ insurance premiums that are prepaid to Financial Products.
5
Elimination of Financial Products’ equity which is accounted for by Machinery and Engines on the equity basis.
6
Reclassification reflecting required netting of deferred tax assets / liabilities by taxing jurisdiction.
7
Elimination of debt between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
8
Elimination of payables between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
9
Elimination of prepaid insurance in Financial Products' accrued expenses.
 
Page 72
 
 

Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Financial Position
At December 31, 2008
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
       
Supplemental Consolidating Data
   
Consolidated
 
Machinery
 and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Assets
                               
 
Current assets:
                               
   
Cash and short-term investments
$
2,736
   
$
1,517
   
$
1,219
   
$
   
   
Receivables – trade and other
 
9,397
     
6,032
     
545
     
2,820
 
2,3
   
Receivables – finance
 
8,731
     
     
12,137
     
(3,406
)
3
   
Deferred and refundable income taxes
 
1,223
     
1,014
     
209
     
   
   
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
 
765
     
510
     
280
     
(25
)
4
   
Inventories
 
8,781
     
8,781
     
     
   
 
Total current assets
 
31,633
     
17,854
     
14,390
     
(611
)
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment – net
 
12,524
     
9,380
     
3,144
     
   
 
Long-term receivables –  trade and other
 
1,479
     
357
     
549
     
573
 
2,3
 
Long-term receivables – finance
 
14,264
     
     
14,867
     
(603
)
3
 
Investments in unconsolidated affiliated companies
 
94
     
94
     
     
   
 
Investments in Financial Products subsidiaries
 
     
3,788
     
     
(3,788
)
5
 
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes
 
3,311
     
3,725
     
35
     
(449
)
6
 
Intangible assets
 
511
     
510
     
1
     
   
 
Goodwill
 
2,261
     
2,261
     
     
   
 
Other assets
 
1,705
     
310
     
1,395
     
   
Total assets
$
67,782
   
$
38,279
   
$
34,381
   
$
(4,878
)
 
 
Liabilities
                               
 
Current liabilities:
                               
   
Short-term borrowings
$
7,209
   
$
1,632
   
$
6,012
   
$
(435
)
7
   
Accounts payable
 
4,827
     
4,654
     
323
     
(150
)
8
   
Accrued expenses
 
4,121
     
2,621
     
1,526
     
(26
)
9
   
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits
 
1,242
     
1,228
     
14
     
   
   
Customer advances
 
1,898
     
1,898
     
     
   
   
Dividends payable
 
253
     
253
     
     
   
   
Other current liabilities
 
1,027
     
1,002
     
29
     
(4
)
6
   
Long-term debt due within one year
 
5,492
     
456
     
5,036
     
   
 
Total current liabilities
 
26,069
     
13,744
     
12,940
     
(615
)
 
 
Long-term debt due after one year
 
22,834
     
5,766
     
17,098
     
(30
)
7
 
Liability for postemployment benefits
 
9,975
     
9,975
     
     
   
 
Other liabilities
 
2,190
     
2,080
     
555
     
(445
)
6
Total liabilities
 
61,068
     
31,565
     
30,593
     
(1,090
)
 
Commitments and contingencies
                               
Redeemable noncontrolling interest
 
524
     
524
     
     
   
Stockholders' equity
                               
 
Common stock
 
3,057
     
3,057
     
860
     
(860
)
5
 
Treasury stock
 
(11,217
)
   
(11,217
)
   
     
   
 
Profit employed in the business
 
19,826
     
19,826
     
2,975
     
(2,975
)
5
 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
 
(5,579
)
   
(5,579
)
   
(108
)
   
108
 
5
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
103
     
103
     
61
     
(61
)
5
Total stockholders' equity
 
6,190
     
6,190
     
3,788
     
(3,788
)
 
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest
and stockholders' equity
$
67,782
   
$
38,279
   
$
34,381
   
$
(4,878
)
 
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of receivables between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
3
Reclassification of Machinery and Engines’ trade receivables purchased by Cat Financial and Cat Financial's wholesale inventory receivables.
4
Elimination of Machinery and Engines’ insurance premiums that are prepaid to Financial Products.
5
Elimination of Financial Products’ equity which is accounted for by Machinery and Engines on the equity basis.
6
Reclassification reflecting required netting of deferred tax assets / liabilities by taxing jurisdiction.
7
Elimination of debt between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
8
Elimination of payables between Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
9
Elimination of prepaid insurance in Financial Products' accrued expenses.
 
Page 73
 
 
Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Cash Flow
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2009
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
 
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
 
Consolidated
 
Machinery
and Engines 1
 
Financial
Products
 
Consolidating
Adjustments
Cash flow from operating activities:
                               
 
Profit (loss) of consolidated and affiliated companies
$
229
   
$
221
   
$
166
   
$
(158
)
2
 
Adjustments for non-cash items:
                               
   
Depreciation and amortization
 
1,072
     
710
     
362
     
   
   
Undistributed profit of Financial Products
 
     
(158
)
   
     
158
 
3
   
Other
 
59
     
258
     
(270
)
   
71
 
4
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                               
   
Receivables - trade and other
 
3,133
     
1,446
     
102
     
1,585
 
4,5
   
Inventories
 
1,631
     
1,631
     
     
   
   
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
(2,717
)
   
(2,663
)
   
(107
)
   
53
 
4
   
Customer advances
 
(338
)
   
(338
)
   
     
   
   
Other assets – net
 
168
     
(50
)
   
241
     
(23
)
4
   
Other liabilities – net
 
(434
)
   
(474
)
   
24
     
16
 
4
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
 
2,803
     
583
     
518
     
1,702
   
Cash flow from investing activities:
                               
 
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment leased to others
 
(443
)
   
(442
)
   
(1
)
   
   
 
Expenditures for equipment leased to others
 
(441
)
   
     
(442
)
   
1
 
4
 
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
 
454
     
41
     
413
     
   
 
Additions to finance receivables
 
(3,800
)
   
     
(10,939
)
   
7,139
 
5
 
Collections of finance receivables
 
5,119
     
     
13,170
     
(8,051
)
5
 
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables
 
93
     
     
884
     
(791
)
5
 
Net intercompany borrowings
 
     
430
     
(1,016
)
   
586
 
6
 
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)
 
     
     
     
 
 
 
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities
 
170
     
3
     
167
     
   
 
Investments in available-for-sale securities
 
(251
)
   
(4
)
   
(247
)
   
   
 
Other – net
 
(53
)
   
(63
)
   
(10
)
   
20
 
7
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
 
848
     
(35
)
   
1,979
     
(1,096
)
 
Cash flow from financing activities:
                               
 
Dividends paid
 
(505
)
   
(505
)
   
     
   
 
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued
 
31
     
31
     
20
     
(20
)
7
 
Payment for stock repurchase derivative contracts
 
     
     
     
   
 
Treasury shares purchased
 
     
     
     
   
 
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 
2
     
2
     
     
   
 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
 
(6
)
   
(6
)
   
     
   
 
Net intercompany borrowings
 
     
1,016
     
(430
)
   
(586
)
6
 
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities
greater than three months)
 
9,029
     
872
     
8,157
     
   
 
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)
 
(7,570
)
   
(915
)
   
(6,655
)
   
   
 
Short-term borrowings – net  (original maturities
three months or less)
 
(3,365
)
   
(873
)
   
(2,492
)
   
   
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
(2,384
)
   
(378
)
   
(1,400
)
   
(606
)
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
 
(12
)
   
(12
)
   
     
   
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments
 
1,255
     
158
     
1,097
     
   
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of period
 
2,736
     
1,517
     
1,219
     
   
Cash and short-term investments at end of period
$
3,991
   
$
1,675
   
$
2,316
   
$
   

1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products' profit after tax due to equity method of accounting.
3
Non-cash adjustment for the undistributed earnings from Financial Products.
4
Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities related to consolidated reporting.
5
Reclassification of Cat Financial's cash flow activity from investing to operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
6
Net proceeds and payments to/from Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
7
Change in investment and common stock related to Financial Products.
 
Page 74
 
 

Caterpillar Inc.
Supplemental Data for Cash Flow
For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2008
(Unaudited)
(Millions of dollars)
     
Supplemental Consolidating Data
     
Machinery and
 
Financial
 
Consolidating
 
Consolidated
 
Engines 1
 
Products
 
Adjustments
Cash flow from operating activities:
                               
 
Profit (loss) of consolidated and affiliated companies
$
2,046
   
$
2,038
   
$
287
   
$
(279
)
2
 
Adjustments for non-cash items:
                               
   
Depreciation and amortization
 
952
     
573
     
379
     
   
   
Undistributed profit of Financial Products
 
     
(279
)
   
     
279
 
3
   
Other
 
184
     
182
     
(154
)
   
156
 
4
 
Changes in assets and liabilities:
                               
   
Receivables - trade and other
 
(1,137
)
   
(657
)
   
(20
)
   
(460
)
4,5
   
Inventories
 
(1,009
)
   
(1,009
)
   
     
   
   
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
1,023
     
748
     
159
     
116
 
4
   
Customer advances
 
210
     
210
     
     
   
   
Other assets - net
 
(93
)
   
(48
)
   
(19
)
   
(26
)
4
   
Other liabilities - net
 
(271
)
   
(278
)
   
(4
)
   
11
 
4
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities
 
1,905
     
1,480
     
628
     
(203)
   
Cash flow from investing activities:
                               
 
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment leased to others
 
(814
)
   
(804
)
   
(10
)
   
   
 
Expenditures for equipment leased to others
 
(699
)
   
     
(710
)
   
11
 
4
 
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment
 
449
     
18
     
431
     
   
 
Additions to finance receivables
 
(7,099
)
   
     
(19,164
)
   
12,065
 
5
 
Collections of finance receivables
 
4,748
     
     
15,846
     
(11,098
)
5
 
Proceeds from sales of finance receivables
 
696
     
     
1,471
     
(775
)
5
 
Net intercompany borrowings
 
     
220
     
(433
)
   
213
 
6
 
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)
 
(111
)
   
(111
)
   
     
   
 
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities
 
173
     
12
     
161
     
   
 
Investments in available-for-sale securities
 
(230
)
   
(11
)
   
(219
)
   
   
 
Other – net
 
56
     
116
     
(60
)
   
 
7
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities
 
(2,831
)
   
(560
)
   
(2,687
)
   
416
   
Cash flow from financing activities:
                               
 
Dividends paid
 
(444
)
   
(444
)
   
     
   
 
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued
 
116
     
116
     
     
 
7
 
Payment for stock repurchase derivative contracts
 
(38
)
   
(38
)
   
     
   
 
Treasury shares purchased
 
(1,362
)
   
(1,362
)
   
     
   
 
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation
 
53
     
53
     
     
   
 
Net intercompany borrowings
 
     
433
     
(220
)
   
(213
)
6
 
Acquisition of noncontrolling interests
 
     
     
     
   
 
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities
greater than three months)
 
9,158
     
110
     
9,048
     
   
 
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months)
 
(6,530
)
   
(133
)
   
(6,397
)
   
   
 
Short-term borrowings (original maturities
three months or less) – net
 
(393
)
   
(62
)
   
(331
)
   
   
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities
 
560
     
(1,327
)
   
2,100
     
(213
)
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
 
26
     
23
     
3
     
   
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments
 
(340
)
   
(384
)
   
44
     
   
Cash and short-term investments at beginning of period
 
1,122
     
862
     
260
     
   
Cash and short-term investments at end of period
$
782
   
$
478
   
$
304
   
$
   
 
1
Represents Caterpillar Inc. and its subsidiaries with Financial Products accounted for on the equity basis.
2
Elimination of Financial Products' profit after tax due to equity method of accounting.
3
Non-cash adjustment for the undistributed earnings from Financial Products.
4
Elimination of non-cash adjustments and changes in assets and liabilities related to consolidated reporting.
5
Reclassification of Cat Financial's cash flow activity from investing to operating for receivables that arose from the sale of inventory.
6
Net proceeds and payments to/from Machinery and Engines and Financial Products.
7
Change in investment and common stock related to Financial Products.
 
Page 75
 
 
 
2009 Outlook

Economic Outlook
 
We expect the world economy to decline more than 2 percent this year, the worst year for growth in the postwar period.  Some economic indicators improved in the second quarter, suggesting the rapid decline in the world economy is moderating.  However, we expect output will fall further in the third quarter before recovering slightly in the fourth quarter.
 
§
Short-term interest rates in developed economies are at record lows, often near zero.  Since last September, most developing countries have cut their interest rates to or near record lows.

§
Major central banks significantly expanded balance sheets to provide more liquidity to their banking systems.  Since the Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy, the Fed and the Bank of England more than doubled their assets, and the European Central Bank increased assets by more than a third.

§
Many governments introduced large, multi-year stimulus programs.  We estimate these total more than $3.5 trillion, with $1.7 trillion for infrastructure development.

§
Collectively these actions are unprecedented, but they are in response to the worst economic environment since the Great Depression.  We expect that these policy changes will be sufficient to start a recovery, but we have continuing concerns.  Several credit spreads remain higher than normal, banks in some countries continue to tighten lending standards and major central banks have let their balance sheets shrink from peaks last December.

§
Prospects for recovery look firmest in Asia/Pacific.  China quickly reversed its tight monetary policy and launched a massive stimulus program.  Both money and credit growth reached record highs, and growth in industrial production has already improved.  Commercial and residential building sales, which declined last year, have turned up sharply, and selling prices have increased.  Economic growth rebounded in the second quarter and should average near 8 percent for the year.

§
Sharp interest rate cuts in India started a recovery in industrial production, and mining output appears to have turned up.  Industrial production is again increasing in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore and Taiwan.  Lower interest rates and some recovery in exports are helping these countries.

§
Latin American economies also seem to be mending.  Brazil, the region’s largest economy, cut interest rates, and industrial production started to improve in the second quarter.  Both Chile and Colombia took large interest rate cuts over the past few months, and we expect their economies will improve before year end.  Regional output should decline about 1 percent this year, largely due to a severe recession in Mexico.

§
Economic output in Africa/Middle East should be about even with last year due to some expected improvement in the second half of 2009.  Credit spreads have declined, and the recovery in metals prices from first-quarter lows encouraged some increase in mining production.  While commodity prices have eased recently we do not expect a return to first-quarter lows.  Additionally, Turkey cut interest rates 850 basis points over the last nine months, and industrial production rebounded from the first-quarter low.

§
Among developing regions, the CIS has the weakest prospect for recovery this year.  Interest rates remain high, and severe recessions likely persisted through the second quarter.  We expect economies in the CIS will decline more than 3 percent this year.

§
Signs of recovery in the developed economies are more tenuous.  Recent optimism resulted mostly from surveys of business and consumer confidence or data showing slower rates of decline.  Evidence of actual recovery was scarce.

§
The Japanese economy is suffering from severe declines in exports and business investment.  Leading indicators are declining, and we do not expect a recovery this year.  The economy should decline more than 6 percent.

§
We estimate the U.S. economy was in recession through the end of the second quarter and expect another decline in the third quarter.  Modest growth should occur in the fourth quarter.  Output should decline more than 3 percent this year, the worst peacetime performance since 1938.

§
Factors that could threaten a U.S. recovery include declines in home and commercial property prices, tight lending standards, limited growth in bank lending and a drop in commercial paper outstanding to the lowest level since June 1998.

§
U.S. housing starts bottomed at under a 500,000 unit annual rate in April and improved to a 582,000 unit annual rate in June.  We expect further improvements in the second half, and starts for the year should average about 600,000 units.  Starts would still be the lowest since 1945.
 
Page 76
 
 
 
§
We expect orders for nonresidential building construction will fall almost 40 percent in 2009 due to weak business profits, rising vacancy rates and declining commercial property prices.  Infrastructure-related construction orders were down 17 percent year to date, but stimulus funding in the second half should reduce the full-year decline to about 10 percent.

§
Europe should have a growth pattern similar to the United States, with the economy declining 2.5 percent this year.  Both business and consumer surveys improved, and these frequently signal recovery.  The United Kingdom should be quicker to recover than the euro-zone due to more aggressive policy actions.

§
In 2009, we expect crude oil prices will average $55 per barrel, copper prices $2 per pound and Central Appalachian coal $51 per ton.  Crude oil and copper prices should average higher in the second half than in the first half; coal prices should be down slightly.  All prices would be favorable for increased production although producers likely will remain cautious.


2009 Sales and Revenues Outlook
 
We are encouraged by signs of stabilization in credit markets, the more than $3.5 trillion in fiscal stimulus worldwide, record low interest rates and by a return to more favorable commodity prices.  These factors are necessary building blocks for recovery.
 
While these building blocks for future growth are emerging, the short-term outlook remains very depressed.  Our dealers reported very substantial declines in demand during the first half of 2009, and they responded by drawing down inventories.  The impact of very weak demand coupled with sharp declines in dealer machine inventories has had a significant negative impact on Caterpillar sales.
 
During the second quarter, we saw some signs that demand by end users was beginning to stabilize, particularly for machines.  End-user demand was in a very tight band from January to May, but showed some improvement in June.  Prospects for improvement are strongest in the developing countries, with tentative indications that recovery is underway in Asia.
 
With half a year of actual results behind us we have tightened the full-year outlook for sales and revenues to a range of $32 billion to $36 billion.  However, the high degree of uncertainty in the global economy makes it very difficult to forecast sales and revenues, and as a result, the outlook range is still relatively wide.
 
We expect that dealers will continue to reduce machine inventories during the second half, with a total-year reduction that could reach $3 billion.  It is likely that much of the additional reduction will occur in the third quarter and as a result, we have more plant shutdowns planned.  The third quarter will likely be the weakest quarter for sales in 2009.
 
We expect that our integrated service businesses will represent more than 45 percent of total company sales and revenues in 2009.
 
As our turbine business generally peaks late in the economic cycle, we expect full-year 2009 turbine sales will be about the same as 2008.  Based on order activity, turbine sales will likely be down in 2010, but still at healthy levels from a historical perspective.
 

2009 Profit Outlook

We have implemented a wide variety of actions to weather this very severe recession, and as a result, we expect to be profitable in 2009.  We expect 2009 profit in a range of $0.40 to $1.50 per share including redundancy costs of about $700 million, or $0.75 per share.  Excluding redundancy costs, we expect profit to be between $1.15 and $2.25 per share.
 
This is an improvement in the 2009 profit outlook since the end of the first quarter.  At that time we expected profit at the mid-point of the range to be $0.50 per share, or $1.25 excluding redundancy costs.
 
Due to the extremely difficult economic climate, we have been very focused on deploying the trough actions that have been a key element to our overall strategy since 2005.  While these actions are painful, they are important steps to keep the company strong and positioned for economic growth, when it comes.  We are taking significant actions to:
 
§
Lower production to levels below expected end-user demand to help dealers lower their inventories.

§
Reduce cost levels and improve cash flow.

§
Strengthen our financial position, significantly reduce inventory and improve liquidity.

§
Continue to invest for the future in research and development and select new facilities.
 
Elements of the Outlook include:

§
We are committed to our 2009 inventory reduction goal of about $3 billion and have reduced inventory by more than $1.6 billion through the end of the second quarter.  Inventory management is a key element of the Caterpillar Production System, and we are pleased with the traction we are gaining.  We expect additional LIFO inventory decrement benefits during the second half of 2009.
 
Page 77
 
 
 
§
We expect dealers to reduce their new machine inventory by close to $3 billion.  Dealers have reduced their new machine inventories by about $1.5 billion through the first half—about $300 million during the first quarter and about $1.2 billion in the second quarter.

§
Significant reduction in capital expenditures for 2009.

§
Suspension of Caterpillar stock repurchases.

§
Maintenance of a high level of cash as a result of volatile credit markets.

§
We are forecasting improved price realization for 2009 and realized $225 million in the first quarter and $259 million in the second quarter.

§
Overall material costs for 2009 are expected to be about the same as 2008.

§
Sharp declines in overtime work.  Factory overtime is a key element of volume flexibility, and many facilities were working high levels of overtime throughout most of 2008.

§
Thousands of employees at facilities around the world have been affected by temporary layoffs and full- and partial-plant shutdowns.

§
Suspension of salary increases for nearly all support and management employees.

§
Elimination of short-term incentive compensation based on the current profit outlook range.

§
Significant reductions in total compensation for executives/senior managers.

§
Excluding Cat Japan, Machinery and Engines SG&A expenses are expected to decline about 25 percent.  R&D expenses are forecasted to decline more than 15 percent with spending in 2009 primarily focused on new products to meet Tier 4 regulatory emissions requirements and other key product development programs.

§
Financial Products profit before tax is expected to decline by about 30 percent in 2009.  The profit outlook for Financial Products improved in the second quarter.

Safe Harbor

Certain statements in this Form 10-Q relate to future events and expectations and as such constitute forward-looking statements involving known and unknown factors that may cause actual results of Caterpillar Inc. to be different from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. In this context, words such as "will," “would,” "expect," "anticipate," “should” or other similar words and phrases often identify forward-looking statements made on behalf of Caterpillar. It is important to note that actual results of the company may differ materially from those described or implied in such forward-looking statements based on a number of factors and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, (i) adverse change in general economic conditions; (ii) adverse change in the industries Caterpillar serves including construction, infrastructure, mining, energy, marine and electric power generation; (iii) Caterpillar’s ability to manage material, including steel, and freight costs; (iv) Caterpillar’s ability to generate cash from operations, secure external funding for its operations and manage its liquidity needs; (v) material adverse change in customers’ access to liquidity and capital; (vi) currency exchange or interest rates changes; (vii) political stability; (viii) market acceptance of the company's products and services; (ix) significant changes in the competitive environment; (x) epidemic diseases; (xi) severe change in weather conditions negatively impacting operations; (xii) changes in law, regulations and tax rates; and (xiii) other general economic, business and financing conditions and factors described in more detail in Item 1A – Risk Factors in Part II of this Form 10-Q.  This filing is available on our website at www.cat.com/sec_filings. We do not undertake to update our forward-looking statements.

Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
 
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from Note 4 – “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” included in Part I, Item 1 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.
 
Page 78
 
 
 
Item 4.  Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the company's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.  Based on that evaluation, the company's management, including the CEO and CFO, concluded that the company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting
During the second quarter 2009, there has been no change in the company's internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the company's internal control over financial reporting.


PART II.  OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.  Legal Proceedings
 
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference from Note 12 included in Part I, Item 1 and Management’s Discussion and Analysis included in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

We have updated the risk factors included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 (filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 20, 2009) to include risks associated with American Clean Energy and Security Act and Healthcare Reform Legislation.
 
The statements in this section describe the most significant risks to our business and should be considered carefully in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” of this Form 10-Q.  In addition, these statements constitute our cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.  The discussion and analysis in this Form 10-Q is forward-looking and involves uncertainties that could significantly impact results.  From time to time, we also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we issue to the public or in the form of oral presentation to the public.  Forward-looking statements give current expectations or forecasts of future events about the company.  You can identify these statements by the fact they do not relate to historical or current facts and by the use of words such as "believe," "expect," "estimate," "anticipate," "will be," "should," “plan,” “project,” “intend,” “could,” and similar words or expressions that identify forward-looking statements made on behalf of Caterpillar.

In particular, these forward-looking statements include statements relating to future actions, prospective products, products’ approvals, future performance or results of current and anticipated products, sales efforts, expenses, interest rates, foreign exchange rates, the outcome of contingencies, economic conditions, potential returns, financial condition and financial results. The statements are based on assumptions or on known or unknown risks and uncertainties. Although we believe we have been prudent in our assumptions, we cannot guarantee the realization of these statements. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and potentially inaccurate assumptions. Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize or underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could materially differ from past results and/or those anticipated, estimated or projected. Uncertainties include factors that affect international businesses, as well as matters specific to the company and the markets it serves.

The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You may, however, consult any future related disclosures we make on our Form 10-Q or any Form 8-K report to the SEC.

The following is a cautionary discussion of risks, uncertainties and assumptions that we believe are significant to our business. These are factors that, individually or in the aggregate, we believe could make our actual results differ materially from expected or past results. You should note it is impossible to predict or identify all such factors and, as a result, you should not consider the following factors to be a complete discussion of risks and uncertainties.

Changes in Government Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Most countries have established central banks to regulate monetary systems and influence economic activities, generally by adjusting interest rates.  Interest rate changes affect overall economic growth, which alter demand for residential and nonresidential structures, energy and mined products, which in turn affect sales of our products that serve these activities.  Also, interest rates affect customers’ abilities to finance machine purchases and can change the optimal time to keep machines in a fleet.  Our outlooks typically include assumptions about interest rates in a number of countries.  Interest rates higher than those assumptions could result in lower sales than anticipated.
 
Page 79
 
 
 
The ongoing worldwide financial and credit crisis reduced the availability of liquidity to fund investments in many markets that we serve. The central banks and other policy arms of many countries have implemented various actions to restore liquidity and increase the availability of credit. The effectiveness of these and related government actions is uncertain and could have a material impact on the customers and markets we serve and our business, results of operations and financial condition. Government policies on taxes and spending affect our businesses.  Throughout the world, government spending finances much infrastructure development, such as highways, airports, sewer and water systems and dams.  Tax regulations determine depreciation lives and the amount of money users can retain, both of which influence investment decisions.  Developments more unfavorable than anticipated, such as declines in government revenues, decisions to reduce public spending or increases in taxes, could negatively impact our results.

Government can also impact international trade and investment through a variety of policies, such as import quotas, inspections, capital controls or tariffs.  Developments worse than anticipated in the outlook, which could include lower import quotas, more detailed inspections or higher tariffs, could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Environmental Regulations

Regulatory Compliance in General
Our facilities, operations and products are subject to increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations, including laws and regulations governing emissions to air, discharges to water and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of general, non-hazardous and hazardous waste materials. While we believe we are in compliance in all material respects with these environmental laws and regulations, we cannot ensure that we will not be adversely affected by costs, liabilities or claims with respect to existing or subsequently acquired operations or under present laws and regulations or those that may be adopted or imposed in the future.

Particularly, our engines are subject to extensive statutory and regulatory requirements governing exhaust emissions and noise, including standards imposed by the EPA, state regulatory agencies in the U.S. and other regulatory agencies around the world. For instance, governments may set new emissions standards that could impact our products and operations in ways that are difficult to anticipate with accuracy. Thus, significant changes in standards, or the adoption of new standards, have the potential to negatively impact our business, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position.

Tier 4 Emissions Requirements
The EPA has adopted new and more stringent emission standards, including Tier 4 nonroad diesel emission requirements applicable to the majority of our nonroad machinery and engine products commencing in 2011.  We previously announced our intent to make our nonroad engines compliant with the new emission standards, including the Tier 4 emission requirements, by the stated deadline. Our strategy for compliance includes using certain technology with state of the art integrated systems, as well as using the flexibility provided by the regulations.

Although we are executing comprehensive plans designed to meet Tier 4 emissions requirements, these plans are subject to many variables, including the timing of our Tier 4 engine development and new machine product introduction.  If we are unable to meet our plans as projected, it could delay or inhibit our ability to continue placing certain products on the market, which could negatively impact our financial results and competitive position.

American Clean Energy and Security Act
The American Clean Energy and Security Act has passed the U.S. House of Representatives and will be considered shortly by the U.S. Senate.  This legislation is designed to reduce carbon emissions from U.S. sources 17% by 2020 and over 80% by 2050.  This legislation is in development and its final outcome is uncertain. Should final legislation be adopted imposing significant compliance requirements upon U.S. manufacturers, it could have a material impact upon the Company’s capital expenditures, results of operations and competitive position.

Healthcare Reform Legislation
Healthcare reform is currently a high priority for the Administration and Congress. Both the Senate HELP Committee and Senate Finance Committee are considering significant healthcare reform legislation.  Proposed healthcare reform legislation is in development and its content and potential impact remain uncertain.  Should final legislation be adopted imposing significant costs on the Company, it could have a material impact upon the Company’s results of operations and competitive position.
 
Credit and Equity Market Volatility, Changes in General Economic Conditions and Economic Conditions of Industries or Markets  We Serve
Our results of operations are materially affected by the conditions in the global economy generally and in the global capital markets. The current global financial crisis, which began in 2007, has deteriorated further and has caused extreme volatility and disruptions in the capital and credit markets, principally in the U.S., Europe and Japan. In some cases, the markets have decreased availability of liquidity and credit capacity for certain issuers and customers.
 
Page 80
 
 
 
Although we generally generate funds from our operations to pay our operating expenses, fund our capital expenditures, buy back stock, pay dividends and fund our employee retirement benefit programs, our ability to continue to meet these cash requirements over the long-term will require substantial liquidity and access to sources of funds, including capital and credit markets. Changes in global economic conditions, including material cost increases and decreases in economic activity in many of the markets that we serve, and the success of plans to manage cost increases, inventory and other important elements of our business may significantly impact our ability to generate funds from operations.  Continuing market volatility, changes in counterparty credit risk, the impact of government intervention in financial markets and general economic conditions may also adversely impact the ability of the company to access capital and credit markets to fund operating needs.  Inability to access capital and credit markets may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and competitive position.

In addition, due to the decreased availability of, and the related high cost in accessing, liquidity and credit in this current volatile credit and capital market, we may, in a bid to conserve cash for operations, undertake acquisitions that would be financed in part through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity securities, or other arrangements. Such acquisition financing could result in a decrease of our ratio of earnings to fixed charges and adversely affect other leverage measures. We cannot guarantee any such acquisition financing would be available to us on acceptable terms if and when required. If we were to undertake an acquisition by issuing equity securities or equity-linked securities, the issued securities may have a dilutive effect on the interests of the holders of our common shares.

The energy and mining industries are major users of our machines and engines.  Decisions to purchase our machines and engines are dependent upon performance of these industries. If demand or output in these industries increases, the demand for our products would likely increase.  Likewise, if demand or output in these industries declines, the demand for our products would likely decrease. Prices of commodities in these industries are frequently volatile and change in response to general economic conditions, economic growth, commodity inventories and any disruptions in production.  We assume certain prices for key commodities in preparing our outlooks.  Commodity prices lower than those assumed have the potential to negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The rates of infrastructure spending, housing starts and commercial construction, play a significant role in our results.  Our products are an integral component of these activities, and as these activities increase or decrease inside or outside of the U.S., demand for our products may be significantly impacted, which could negatively impact our results.

Residential housing starts have been declining in the U.S. since early 2006 and housing permits in Europe have declined since late 2006. The situation has worsened with the deterioration in mortgage and real estate markets and has negatively impacted our sales in North America and Europe. These downturns could continue if current levels of volatility and uncertainty in the global capital and credit markets persist or worsen.  Although the U.S. Government has enacted the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (EESA) and governments of many countries, including countries in Europe, Japan and Australia, have adopted similar initiatives to help restore viability in these markets and the economy generally, there is no assurance that the measures stipulated in the EESA and other actions of the U.S. Government or the initiatives of other governments for the purpose of stabilizing the mortgage, real estates and financial markets will achieve the intended effect.

The growth in the emerging markets (i.e. Africa, Asia/Pacific, Latin America, the Middle East and Russia) have positively impacted our sales and revenues and accounted for a significant portion of our 2008 sales and revenues. However, countries in emerging markets are beginning to experience slowing growth due to the impact of the global economic downturn. As a result, the volume of capital and infrastructure projects has declined and some governments are cutting spending on capital projects, including construction and infrastructure. If this trend continues or worsens, our sales in the emerging markets could be adversely impacted, which could have a material negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Changes in Price and Significant Shortages of Component Products
We are a significant user of steel and many commodities required for the manufacture of our products.  As a result, increases in the prices of such commodities likely would increase costs more than expected, negatively impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on suppliers to secure component products, particularly steel, required for the manufacture of our products. A disruption in deliveries to or from suppliers or decreased availability of such components or commodities could have an adverse affect on our ability to meet our commitments to customers or increase our operating costs. We believe our source of supply of raw materials will be generally sufficient for our needs in the foreseeable future. However, our business, results of operations or financial condition could be negatively impacted should the supply turn out to be insufficient for our operations.
 
Page 81
 
 
 
In addition, the current general global economic downturn and the volatility in the credit and capital markets have caused a significant decline in sales and revenues and limited liquidity for many businesses. If these conditions continue or worsen, many of our suppliers’ financial viability could be adversely impacted. As a result, their ability to continue supplying component products for the manufacture of our products could be significantly undermined, which, in turn, could negatively impact our ability to meet our customers’ demand for our products and our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Currency Fluctuations
The reporting currency for our financial statements is the U.S. dollar. Certain of our assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues, are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. To prepare our consolidated financial statements, we must translate those assets, liabilities, expenses and revenues into U.S. dollars at the applicable exchange rates. As a result, increases and decreases in the value of the U.S. dollar vis-à-vis other currencies will affect the amount of these items in our consolidated financial statements, even if their value has not changed in their original currency. This could have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition if such increase or decrease in the value of the U.S. dollar is substantial.

Dealer/Original Equipment Manufacturers Sourcing Practices
We sell finished products through an independent dealer network and directly to OEMs.  Both carry inventories of finished products as part of ongoing operations and adjust those inventories based on their assessments of future needs.  Such adjustments can impact our results either positively or negatively.

In particular, some of our engine customers are OEMs that manufacture or could in the future manufacture engines for their own products.  Despite their engine manufacturing abilities, these customers have chosen to outsource certain types of engine production to us due to the quality of our engine products and in order to reduce costs, eliminate production risks and maintain company focus.  However, we cannot assure that these customers will continue to outsource engine manufacture in the future. Increased levels of production insourcing by these customers could result from a number of factors, such as shifts in our customers’ business strategies, acquisition by a customer of another engine manufacturer, the inability of third-party suppliers to meet specifications and the emergence of low-cost production opportunities in foreign countries.  A significant reduction in the level of engine production outsourcing from our OEM customers could significantly impact our revenues and, accordingly, have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Impact of Acquisitions
We may from time to time engage in acquisitions involving some potential risks, including failure to successfully integrate and realize the expected benefits of such acquisitions.  For example, with any past or future acquisitions, there is the possibility that:

 
§
The business culture of the acquired business may not match well with our culture;
 
 
§
Technological and product synergies, economies of scale and cost reductions may not occur as expected;
 
 
§
The company may acquire or assume unexpected liabilities;
 
 
§
Unforeseen difficulties may arise in integrating operations and systems;
 
 
§
The company may fail to retain and assimilate employees of the acquired business;
 
 
§
Higher than expected finance costs may arise due to unforeseen changes in tax, trade, environmental, labor, safety, payroll or pension policies in any jurisdiction in which the acquired business conducts its operations; and
 
 
§
The company may experience problems in retaining customers and integrating customer bases.
 
Failure to continue implementing the company’s acquisition strategy, including successfully integrating acquired businesses, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, due to the decreased availability of, and the related high cost in accessing, liquidity and credit in this current volatile credit and capital market, we may, in a bid to conserve cash for operations, undertake acquisitions that would be financed in part through public offerings or private placements of debt or equity securities, or other arrangements. Such acquisition financing could result in a decrease of our ratio of earnings to fixed charges and adversely affect other leverage measures. We cannot guarantee any such acquisition financing would be available to us on acceptable terms if and when required. If we were to undertake an acquisition by issuing equity securities or equity-linked securities, the issued securities may have a dilutive effect on the interests of the holders of our common shares.
 
Page 82
 
 
 
Competition
We operate in a highly competitive environment, and our outlook depends on a forecast of the company's share of industry sales predicated on our ability to compete with others in the marketplace.  The company competes on the basis of product performance, customer service, quality and price. There can be no assurance that our product will be able to compete successfully with these other companies. Thus, our share of industry sales could be reduced due to aggressive pricing or product strategies pursued by competitors, unanticipated product or manufacturing difficulties, our failure to price our products competitively or an unexpected buildup in competitors' new machine or dealer-owned rental fleets, leading to severe downward pressure on machine rental rates and/or used equipment prices.
 
The environment remains competitive from a pricing standpoint. Our sales outlook assumes certain price increases that we announce from time to time will hold in the marketplace.   Changes in market acceptance of price increases, changes in market requirements for price discounts or changes in our competitors’ behavior could have a material impact on the company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, our results and ability to compete may be impacted positively or negatively by changes in the sales mix.  Our outlook assumes a certain geographic mix of sales as well as a product mix of sales.  If actual results vary from this projected geographic and product mix of sales, our results could be negatively impacted.

Changes in Accounting Standards
Our financial statements are subject to the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), which are periodically revised and/or expanded.  Accordingly, from time to time we are required to adopt new or revised accounting standards issued by recognized authoritative bodies, including the Financial Accounting Standards Board.  Market conditions have prompted accounting standard setters to issue new guidance which further interprets or seeks to revise accounting pronouncements related to financial instruments, structures or transactions as well as to issue new standards expanding disclosures.  The impact of accounting pronouncements that have been issued but not yet implemented is disclosed in our annual and quarterly reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q.  An assessment of proposed standards is not provided as such proposals are subject to change through the exposure process and, therefore, their effects on our financial statements cannot be meaningfully assessed.  It is possible that future accounting standards we are required to adopt could change the current accounting treatment that we apply to our consolidated financial statements and that such changes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Litigation and Contingency
We face an inherent business risk of exposure to various types of claims and lawsuits. We are involved in various intellectual property, product liability, product warranty and environmental claims and lawsuits and other legal proceedings that arise in and outside of the ordinary course of our business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of every claim and lawsuit, we believe these lawsuits and claims will not individually or in the aggregate have a material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. However, we could in the future incur judgments or enter into settlements of lawsuits and claims that could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition in any particular period. In addition, while we maintain insurance coverage with respect to certain claims, we may not be able to obtain such insurance on acceptable terms in the future, if at all, and any such insurance may not provide adequate coverage against any such claims.

As required by GAAP, we establish reserves based on our assessment of such contingencies.  Subsequent developments in legal proceedings may affect our assessment and estimates of the loss contingency recorded as a reserve, requiring us to make additional material payments, which could result in an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Risks to Global Operations
Our global operations are dependent upon products manufactured, purchased and sold in the U.S. and internationally and countries with political and economic instability, each of which exposes our business operations to certain political and economic risks inherent in operating globally. These risks include:

 
§
changes in regulations;
 
 
§
imposition of currency restrictions and other restraints;
 
 
§
imposition of burdensome tariffs and quotas;
 
 
§
national and international conflict, including terrorist acts; and
 
 
§
economic downturns, political instability and war or civil unrest may severely disrupt economic activity in affected countries.
 
As a normal practice, we do not assume such events in our outlooks unless they are already happening when the outlook is issued.  As a result, the occurrence of one or more of these events has the potential to negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Page 83
 
 
 
Risk Due to Funding Obligations Under Pension Plans
We maintain certain defined benefit pension plans for our employees, which impose on us certain payment obligations towards the funding of the plans. In determining our future payment obligations under the plans, we assume certain rates of return on the plan assets and growth rates of certain costs. An adverse significant change in the credit and capital market conditions could result in actual rates of return and growth rates being materially lower than projected.  This could significantly increase our payment obligations under the plans, require us to take a significant charge on our balance sheet and, as a result, adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Due to Debt Covenants
We maintain a number of credit facilities to support (i) our commercial paper program, and (ii) general corporate purposes (Facilities) and have issued debt securities to manage liquidity and fund operations (Debt Securities).  The agreements relating to a number of the Facilities and the Debt Securities contain certain restrictive covenants, including limits on subsidiary debt, the incurrence of liens, minimum levels of consolidated net worth, minimum interest coverage ratios and restrictions on consolidation and merger.

Although we do not believe any of these covenants presently materially restrict our operations, a breach of one or more of the covenants could result in material adverse consequences that could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition. Such adverse consequences may include the acceleration of amounts outstanding under certain of the Facilities, triggering of an obligation to redeem certain Debt Securities, termination of existing unused commitments by our lenders, refusal by our lenders to extend further credit under one or more of the Facilities or new Facilities, or the lowering or modification of our credit ratings or those of one or more of our subsidiaries.

We recently received the consent of lenders under certain credit facilities to our lower consolidated net worth of $6.087 billion as of December 31, 2008 and to Cat Financial’s lower quarterly interest coverage ratio of 0.97 as of December 31, 2008.  In consideration of these consents, we agreed to increase the upper range of interest rates applicable to certain amounts that may be drawn by us and Cat Financial under certain credit facilities by approximately 1.00 to 1.50 percentage points and by Cat Financial under certain of its other facilities by approximately 1.00 percentage point.

Risks to Financial Services Line of Business
Inherent in the operation of Cat Financial is the credit risk associated with its customers.  The creditworthiness of each customer, and the rate of delinquencies, repossessions and net losses on customer obligations are directly impacted by several factors, including, but not limited to, relevant industry and economic conditions, the availability of capital, the experience and expertise of the customer's management team, commodity prices, political events and the sustained value of the underlying collateral.

Changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and market liquidity conditions could have a material adverse effect on our earnings and cash flows.  Because a significant amount of loans made by Cat Financial are made at fixed interest rates, our business is subject to fluctuations in interest rates.  Changes in market interest rates may influence our financing costs, returns on financial investments and the valuation of derivative contracts and could reduce our earnings and cash flow.  In addition, since Cat Financial makes a significant amount of loans in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates could also reduce our earnings and cash flow.  Cat Financial also relies on a number of diversified global debt markets and funding programs to provide liquidity for its global operations, including commercial paper, medium term notes, retail notes, variable denomination floating rate demand notes, asset-backed securitizations and bank loans.  Significant changes in market liquidity conditions could impact Cat Financial’s access to funding and the associated funding costs and reduce its earnings and cash flow.  Although Cat Financial manages interest rate, foreign currency exchange rate and market liquidity risks through a variety of techniques, including a match funding program, the selective use of derivatives and a broadly diversified funding program, there can be no assurance that fluctuations in interest rates, currency exchange rates and market liquidity conditions will not have a material adverse effect on its and our earnings and cash flow.  If any of the variety of instruments and strategies Cat Financial uses to hedge its exposure to these various types of risk is ineffective, we may incur losses. With respect to Cat Financial’s insurance and investment management operations, changes in the equity and bond markets could cause an impairment of the value of its investment portfolio, thus requiring a negative adjustment to earnings.

The current difficult and volatile market conditions have adversely affected the financial industry in which Cat Financial operates. Cat Financial is significant to our operations and provides financing support to a significant share of our global sales. The inability of Cat Financial to access funds to support its financing activities to our customers could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Page 84
 
 
 
Cat Financial’s liquidity and ongoing profitability are, in large part, dependent upon its timely access to capital and the costs associated with raising funds in different segments of the capital markets.  Cat Financial depends and will continue to depend on its ability to access diversified funding alternatives to meet future cash flow requirements and to continue to fund its operations.  A large portion of Cat Financial's borrowings have been issued in the medium term note and commercial paper markets and, although Cat Financial has continued to have access to most of these markets, there can be no assurance that such markets will continue to be a reliable source of financing for Cat Financial. If current levels of market disruption and volatility continue or worsen, Cat Financial could face materially higher financing costs and become unable to access adequate funding to operate and grow our business or seek to repay medium term notes and commercial paper as it becomes due or to meet its other liquidity needs by drawing upon contractually committed lending agreements primarily provided by global banks and/or by seeking other funding sources. However, under extreme market conditions, there can be no assurance such agreements and other funding sources would be available or sufficient. The extent of any impact on our ability to meet funding or liquidity needs will depend on several factors, including our operating cash flow, the duration of any market disruption, the effects of governmental programs such as the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s (FDIC’s) Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program (TLGP), credit conditions generally, the volatility of equity markets, our credit ratings and credit capacity, the cost of financing and other general economic and business conditions.

Should current levels of market disruption and volatility continue or worsen, we may also face a number of other risks in connection with these events, including:

 
§
Market developments that may affect customer confidence levels and may cause declines in credit applications and adverse changes in payment patterns, causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which could impact our charge-offs and provision for credit losses.
 
 
§
The process Cat Financial uses to estimate losses inherent in its credit exposure requires a high degree of management’s judgment regarding numerous subjective qualitative factors, including forecasts of economic conditions and how economic predictors might impair the ability of its borrowers to repay their loans.  Ongoing financial market disruption and volatility may impact the accuracy of these judgments.
 
 
§
Cat Financial’s ability to engage in routine funding transactions or borrow from other financial institutions on acceptable terms or at all could be adversely affected by further disruptions in the capital markets or other events, including actions by rating agencies and deteriorating investor expectations.
 
 
§
Since our counterparties are primarily financial institutions, their ability to perform in accordance with any of our underlying agreements could be adversely affected by market volatility and/or disruptions in the equity and credit markets.
 
Government Programs Designed to Support Credit Markets
A number of governmental programs designed to support the global financial system were implemented in 2008.  While we generally support these programs, there have been unintended consequences of the programs that have impacted Cat Financial and other companies that do not qualify to participate in them.  As an example, in the United States, some of Cat Financial’s competitors in the banking and manufacturing sectors have participated in the TLGP.  The TLGP was created to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in the banking system by providing a government guaranty of certain qualifying newly issued senior unsecured debt of banks, thrifts and certain holding companies.  Despite the FDIC’s intent to support the banking system through the TLGP, some of Cat Financial’s competitors in the manufacturing sector have been permitted to participate in this program and issue senior unsecured debt with governmental guarantees at rates significantly below those capable of being offered by Cat Financial.  Likewise, Cat Financial’s ability to issue debt rates that are competitive with those offered by its banking competitors has been further disadvantaged and accentuated at times by their participation in governmental programs such as the TLGP.  The TLGP, as well as other governmental initiatives, have effectively created below-market government subsidized financing for such competitors.  This program and other similar governmental programs in various jurisdictions have disadvantaged Cat Financial and other non-qualifying companies.  The TLGP is currently set to expire on June 30, 2009, although the FDIC has indicated that it plans to extend the program at least through October 31, 2009. Other governmental programs may not have clear expiration dates.  Should the TLGP or any other governmental program that disadvantages Cat Financial be extended or expanded by its respective government, Cat Financial could continue to be negatively impacted in its ability to issue senior unsecured debt at rates that are comparable to those offered by its competitors.

Market Acceptance of Products
Our business relies on continued global demand for our brands and products.  To achieve business goals, we must develop and sell products that appeal to our dealers, OEMs and customers.  This is dependent on a number of factors including our ability to manage and maintain key dealer relationships and our ability to develop effective sales, advertising and marketing programs.  In addition, our continued success in selling products that appeal to our customers is dependent on leading-edge innovation, with respect to both products and operations, and on the availability and effectiveness of legal protection for our innovation.  Failure to continue to deliver quality and competitive products to the marketplace, or to predict market demands for, or gain market acceptance of, our products, could have material impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Page 85
 
 
 
In addition, the global demand for our products generally depends on our customers’ ability to pay for our products, which, in turn, depends on their access to funds. Due to global economic conditions many of our customers may be experiencing increased difficulty in generating funds from operations.  Further, due to capital and credit market volatility and uncertainty, many financial institutions have revised their lending standards, thereby decreasing access to capital. If the capital and credit market volatility continues or worsens, the liquidity of our customers may decline which, in turn, would reduce their ability to purchase our products.

Natural Disasters
The occurrence of one or more natural disasters, such as tornadoes, hurricanes, earthquakes and other forms of severe weather in the U.S. or in a country in which we operate or in which our suppliers are located could adversely affect our operations and financial performance.  Such events could result in physical damage to and complete or partial closure of one or more of our manufacturing facilities or distribution centers, temporary or long-term disruption in the supply of component products from some local and overseas suppliers, disruption in the transport of our products to dealers and end-users and delay in the delivery of our products to our distribution centers.


Item 2.  Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
No shares were repurchased during the second quarter 2009.
 

Other Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Period
 
Total Number
of Shares
Purchased 1
 
Average Price
Paid per Share
 
Total Number
of Shares Purchased Under the Program
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that may yet be Purchased under the Program
April 1-30, 2009
 
17,397
   
$
24.48
   
NA
   
NA
 
May 1-31, 2009
 
8,336
   
$
32.41
   
NA
   
NA
 
June 1-30, 2009
 
   
$
   
NA
   
NA
 
  Total
 
25,733
   
$
27.05
             
   
1
Represents shares delivered back to issuer for the payment of taxes resulting from the exercise of stock options by employees and Directors.
 

Non-U.S. Employee Stock Purchase Plans

We have 30 employee stock purchase plans administered outside the United States for our non-U.S. employees.  As of June 30, 2009, those plans had approximately 12,200 active participants in the aggregate.  During the second quarter of 2009, approximately 180,000 shares of Caterpillar common stock or foreign denominated equivalents were distributed under the plans.  Participants in some foreign plans have the option of receiving non-U.S. share certificates (foreign-denominated equivalents) in lieu of U.S. shares of Caterpillar common stock upon withdrawal from the plan.  These equivalent certificates are tradable only on the local stock market and are included in our determination of shares outstanding.  Distributions of Caterpillar stock under the plans are exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 (Act) pursuant to 17 CFR 230.903 of the Act.

 
Item 4.  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

The Annual Meeting of Stockholders of Caterpillar Inc. was held on June 10, 2009, for the purpose of electing directors and voting on the proposals described below.  Proxies for the meeting were solicited pursuant to Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and there was no solicitation in opposition to management's solicitation.  A plurality vote of the shares present at the meeting was required for election of directors.  An affirmative vote of the majority (50 percent or greater) of shares present at the meeting (quorum) was required for approval of all other proposals.  Abstentions and broker non-votes have the effect of a vote against matters other than director elections.  A quorum exists if at least one-third of Caterpillar stockholders are present in person or by proxy at the meeting.  Abstentions and broker non-votes are counted as present for establishing a quorum.
 
Page 86
 
 

Proposal 1 - Election of Directors
All of management's nominees for Class II directors as listed in the proxy statement were ELECTED with the following vote:
 
     
 
Shares Voted "FOR"
 
 
Shares "WITHHELD"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
Daniel M. Dickinson
 
470,305,608
 
29,190,989
 
N/A
 
David R. Goode
 
467,395,725
 
32,100,873
 
N/A
 
James W. Owens
 
463,378,700
 
36,117,898
 
N/A
 
Charles D. Powell
 
453,703,730
 
45,792,868
 
N/A
 
Joshua I. Smith
 
466,998,962
 
32,497,635
 
N/A
 
The Class II directors received an average affirmative vote of 92.96%.  Class I and III directors that were not up for election will continue in office for the remainder of their terms.

Proposal 2 - Ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
A management proposal requesting ratification of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm received the affirmative vote of 98.17% of the shares present at the meeting and PASSED with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
490,376,914
 
7,734,744
 
1,384,939
 
N/A

Proposal 3 - Stockholder Proposal – Annual Election of Directors
A stockholder proposal requesting the Board of Directors to elect all directors annually received the affirmative vote of 45.83% of the shares present at the meeting and FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
228,920,268
 
124,406,068
 
1,823,497
 
144,346,764

Proposal 4 - Stockholder Proposal – Director Election Majority Vote Standard
A stockholder proposal requesting the Board of Directors to adopt majority vote standard received the affirmative vote of 26.59% of the shares present at the meeting and FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
132,828,582
 
220,246,230
 
2,075,022
 
144,346,764

Proposal 5 - Stockholder Proposal – Foreign Military Sales
A stockholder proposal requesting the Board of Directors to prepare a report on foreign military sales received the affirmative vote of 3.53% of the shares present at the meeting FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
17,626,212
 
287,879,352
 
49,644,270
 
144,346,764

Proposal 6 - Stockholder Proposal – Simple Majority Vote Standard
A stockholder proposal requesting that the Company amend its articles of incorporation and bylaws to change any super-majority voting requirement to a simple majority voting requirement received the affirmative vote of 40.53% of the shares present at the meeting FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
202,443,439
 
150,646,766
 
2,059,628
 
144,346,764
 
Page 87
 
 

Proposal 7 - Stockholder Proposal – Independent Compensation Consultant
A stockholder proposal requesting that the Company adopt a policy that any compensation consultant to the Compensation Committee must be independent received the affirmative vote of 24.03% of the shares present at the meeting FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
120,032,446
 
231,604,659
 
3,512,728
 
144,346,764

Proposal 8 - Stockholder Proposal – Independent Chairman of the Board
A stockholder proposal requesting that the Company amend its bylaws to require the Chairman of the Board to be a director who is independent from the Company received the affirmative vote of 22.65% of the shares present at the meeting FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
113,132,841
 
240,167,093
 
1,849,900
 
144,346,764

Proposal 9 - Stockholder Proposal – Lobbying Priorities
A stockholder proposal requesting that the Company prepare a report to stockholders on the Company’s processes for identifying and prioritizing activities on legislative and regulatory public policy advocacy received the affirmative vote of 1.79% of the shares present at the meeting FAILED TO PASS with the following vote:
 
 
Shares Voted
"FOR"
 
Shares Voted
"AGAINST"
 
Shares
"ABSTAINING"
 
Broker
Non-Votes
 
8,943,652
 
295,854,167
 
50,352,015
 
144,346,764


Item 6. Exhibits

 
3.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3(i) to the Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended March 31, 1998).
 
 
3.2
 
Bylaws amended and restated as of February 11, 2004 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 3.3 to the Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended March 31, 2004).
 
 
4.1
 
Indenture dated as of May 1, 1987, between the Registrant and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-22041) filed February 19, 1997).
 
 
4.2
 
First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 1, 1989, between Caterpillar Inc. and The First National Bank of Chicago, as Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-22041) filed February 19, 1997).
 
 
4.3
 
Appointment of Citibank, N.A. as Successor Trustee, dated October 1, 1991, under the Indenture, as supplemented, dated as of May 1, 1987 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.3 to Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-22041) filed February 19, 1997).
 
 
4.4
 
Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 15, 1992, between Caterpillar Inc. and Citibank, N.A., as Successor Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.4 to Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-22041) filed February 19, 1997).
 
 
4.5
 
Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 16, 1996, between Caterpillar Inc. and Citibank, N.A., as Successor Trustee (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.5 to Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-22041) filed February 19, 1997).
 
 
4.6
 
Tri-Party Agreement, dated as of November 2, 2006, between Caterpillar Inc., Citibank, N.A. and U.S. Bank National Association appointing U.S. Bank as Successor Trustee under the Indenture dated as of May 1, 1987, as amended and supplemented (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.6 to the 2006 Form 10-K).
 
 
4.7
 
Form of Global Note used in connection with Caterpillar's issuance and sale of 7.000 percent Notes due 2013 and 7.900 percent Notes due 2018 in December, 2008 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.1 to Form 8-K filed December 5, 2008).
 
 
4.8
 
Form of Global Debenture used in connection with Caterpillar's issuance and sale of 8.250 percent Debentures due 2038 in December, 2008 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed December 5, 2008).
 
 
10.1
 
Caterpillar Inc. 1996 Stock Option and Long-Term Incentive Plan amended and restated through fourth amendment (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.1 to the 2008 Form 10-K).
 
 
 
Page 88
 
 
 
10.2
 
Caterpillar Inc. 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan as amended and restated through fifth amendment (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.2 to the 2008 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.3
 
Supplemental Pension Benefit Plan, as amended and restated January 2003 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.3 to the 2004 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.4
 
Supplemental Employees' Investment Plan, as amended and restated through December 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.4 to the 2002 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.5
 
Caterpillar Inc. Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, effective as of January 1, 2002 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.5 to the 2002 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.6
 
Directors' Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated through January 1, 2005 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.6 to the 2006 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.7
 
Directors' Charitable Award Program, as amended and restated through April 1, 2008 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.7 to the 2008 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.8
 
Deferred Employees' Investment Plan, as amended and restated through February 16, 2005 (incorporated by reference as Exhibit 10.8 to the 2005 Form 10-K).
 
 
10.9
 
Five-Year Credit Agreement dated September 21, 2006 (2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement) among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c. and Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., Citibank International plc, ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., Société Générale and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed September 26, 2006).
 
 
10.10
 
Japan Local Currency Addendum to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed September 26, 2006).
 
 
10.11
 
Local Currency Addendum to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c., the Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A.,  and Citibank International plc (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.3 to Form 8-K filed September 26, 2006).
 
 
10.12
 
Amendment No. 1 to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation and Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c., the Banks, Japan Local Currency Banks and Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., Citibank International plc and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.12 to Form 10-Q filed October 31, 2008).
 
 
10.13
 
Omnibus Amendment and Waiver Agreement (Amendment No. 2) to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c., the Banks and Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank International plc and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 10.13 to Form 10-Q filed October 31, 2008).
 
 
10.14
 
Amendment No. 3 to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation and Caterpillar International Finance Limited (f/k/a Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c.), the Banks, Japan Local Currency Banks and Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., Citibank International plc and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.4 to Form 8-K filed September 23, 2008).
 
 
10.15
 
Five-Year Credit Agreement dated September 20, 2007 (2007 Five-Year Credit Agreement) among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation and Caterpillar Finance Corporation, certain financial institutions named therein, Citibank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., Société Générale and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed September 25, 2007).
 
 
10.16
 
Japan Local Currency Addendum to the 2007 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed September 25, 2007).
 
 
10.17
 
Amendment No. 1 to the 2007 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation and Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Banks and Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.3 to Form 8-K filed September 23, 2008).
 
 
10.18
 
364-Day Credit Agreement dated September 18, 2008 (2008 364-Day Credit Agreement) among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A., The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., ABN AMRO Bank N.V., Bank of America, N.A., Barclays Bank PLC, J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., Société Générale and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed September 23, 2008).
 
Page 89
 
 
 
 
10.19
 
Japan Local Currency Addendum to the 2008 364-Day Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank, N.A. and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed September 23, 2008).
 
 
10.20
 
Amendment No. 1 to the 2008 364-Day Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Banks and Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo - Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.21
 
Amendment No. 2 to the 2007 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, the Banks and Japan Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.22
 
Amendment No. 4 to the 2006 Five-Year Credit Agreement among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, Caterpillar International Finance Limited (f/k/a Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c.), the Banks, Japan Local Currency Banks and Local Currency Banks named therein, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd., Citibank International plc and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.3 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.23
 
Amendment No. 1 to 2007 Japan Local Currency Addendum among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar International Finance Limited (f/k/a Caterpillar International Finance p.l.c.), the Local Currency Banks named therein, Citibank International plc and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.4 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.24
 
Amendment No. 1 to 2006 Japan Local Currency Addendum among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.5 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.25
 
Amendment No. 1 to 2006 Local Currency Addendum among Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, Caterpillar Finance Corporation, The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.6 to Form 8-K filed January 26, 2009).
 
 
10.26
 
364-Day Credit Agreement dated March 31, 2009 (2009 364-Day Backup Facility) among Caterpillar Inc., Caterpillar Financial Services Corporation, the Banks named therein and Citibank, N.A. (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.1 to Form 8-K/A filed April 8, 2009) and Notice of Bank Addition and Assumption and Acceptance dated April 7, 2009 (incorporated by reference from Exhibit 99.2 to Form 8-K/A filed April 8, 2009).
 
 
11
 
Computations of Earnings per Share (included in Note 11 of this Form 10-Q filed for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of James W. Owens, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Inc., as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of David B. Burritt, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Inc., as required pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32
 
Certification of James W. Owens, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Caterpillar Inc. and David B. Burritt, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Caterpillar Inc., as required pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
Page 90
 
 
SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
       
 
CATERPILLAR INC.
 
   
 
July 31, 2009
/s/ James W. Owens
 
 
Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
 
(James W. Owens)
   
       
 
July 31, 2009
/s/ David B. Burritt
 
 
Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
(David B. Burritt)
   
       
 
July 31, 2009
/s/ Bradley M. Halverson
 
 
Controller
 
(Bradley M. Halverson)
   
       
July 31, 2009
/s/ James B. Buda
 
 
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
 
(James B. Buda)
   
       
 
July 31, 2009
/s/ Jananne A. Copeland
 
 
Chief Accounting Officer
 
(Jananne A. Copeland)
   
 
  
 
Page 91