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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

 

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission File Number: 001-35155

BOINGO WIRELESS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 800
Los Angeles, California 90024
(Address of principal executive offices, Zip Code)

(310) 586-5180
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting Company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

         The aggregate market value of the Registrant's voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of the last day of the Registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $242,471,919 based on the last reported sale price of $6.83 per share on the NASDAQ Global Market on June 30, 2014, the last trading day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

         As of March 3, 2015, 36,358,513 shares of Common Stock were outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

         Portions of the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days of the Company's year ended December 31, 2014 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where indicated.

   

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BOINGO WIRELESS, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K FOR
THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014

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Forward-Looking Statements

        We have made forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are subject to the "safe harbor" created by those sections. The forward-looking statements in this report are based on our management's beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to our management. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as "anticipates," "aspires," "believes," "can," "continue," "could," "estimates," "expects," "intends," "may," "plans," "projects," "seeks," "should," "will" or "would" or the negative of these terms and similar expressions intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause our actual results, performance, time frames or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, time frames or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. We discuss many of these risks, uncertainties and other factors in this document in greater detail under the heading "Risk Factors." We believe it is important to communicate our expectations to our investors. However, there may be events in the future that we are not able to predict accurately or over which we have no control. The risks described in "Risk Factors" included in this report, as well as any other cautionary language in this report, provide examples of risks, uncertainties and events that may cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations we describe in our forward-looking statements. Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that the occurrence of the events described in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this report could harm our business.

        Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Also, these forward-looking statements represent our estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this filing. You should read this document completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We hereby qualify our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward- looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

        Unless the context otherwise requires, we use the terms "Boingo," "company," "we," "us" and "our" in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to refer to Boingo Wireless, Inc. and, where appropriate, its subsidiaries.

PART I

Item 1.    Business

Company Overview

        Boingo helps the world stay connected.

        We have established a global footprint of small cell networks that provide high-speed, high-bandwidth wireless Internet service to smartphones, tablet computers, laptops, and other wireless-enabled devices. Small cells are low-powered radio access nodes that operate in licensed and unlicensed spectrum that have a range of 10 meters to 1 to 2 kilometers. These small cell networks cover more than a million distributed antenna system (DAS) and Wi- Fi locations and reach more than one billion consumers annually. With the proliferation of mobile Internet-enabled wireless devices, and growth of high-bandwidth usage from streaming media and smartphone apps, we expect these small cells to play a significant role in helping meet the ever-increasing data demands of connected consumers who are accustomed to the benefits of broadband performance at home and work and are seeking the same applications, performance and availability on-the-go.

        Our small cell networks include DAS and Wi-Fi networks that we manage and operate ourselves, which we refer to as our "managed and operated" locations, as well as Wi-Fi networks managed and

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operated by third-parties with whom we contract for access, which we refer to as our "roaming" networks. Our managed and operated locations are typically located in large venues with big audiences, such as airports, stadiums, arenas, U.S. military bases, universities, convention centers, and shopping malls where we install a wireless network infrastructure and generally have exclusive multi-year agreements. Our roaming networks comprise more than one million commercial Wi-Fi hotspots in more than 90 countries around the world. We also sell advertising and sponsorships on other Wi-Fi networks that are not part of our network on behalf of the network owner.

        We generate revenue through wholesale offerings, retail and military sales, and advertising and sponsorships. We have direct customer relationships with users who have purchased our services, and we also provide mobile Internet access and solutions to our partners, which include telecom operators, cable companies, technology companies, enterprise software and services companies, and communications service providers to allow their millions of users to connect to the mobile Internet through hotspots in our network. Our software solution—which provides one-click access to our global footprint of hotspots—has been rebranded for wholesale partners, in addition to being marketed under the Boingo brand. In combination with our back-end system infrastructure, it creates a global roaming solution for operators, carriers and other service providers.

        Individual retail users provide approximately 34% of our revenue by purchasing month-to-month subscription plans that automatically renew or hotspot specific single-use access to our network. As of December 31, 2014, our retail subscriber base is approximately 254,000, a decrease of approximately 18% over the prior year. Individual military users provide approximately 4% of our revenue by purchasing broadband and Internet Protocol television ("IPTV") services in military barracks. As of December 31, 2014, we have grown our military subscriber base to approximately 20,000 from approximately 2,000 in the prior year.

        We generate wholesale revenue from telecom operators that pay us build-out fees and recurring access fees so that their cellular customers may use our DAS networks at locations where we manage and operate the wireless network. DAS revenue accounts for approximately 32% of our revenue. In addition, our partners pay us usage-based or user-based Wi-Fi network access and software licensing fees to allow their customers' access to our footprint worldwide. Wholesale Wi-Fi revenue accounts for approximately 13% of our revenue.

        We also generate revenue from advertisers that seek to reach consumers via sponsored Wi-Fi access, promotional programs and online display advertising. Advertising and other revenue accounts for approximately 17% of our revenue.

        Our advertising business is seasonal, with the highest percentage of advertising sales occurring in the fourth quarter of each year. Our customer agreements for certain DAS networks include both a fixed and variable fee structure with the highest percentage of sales occurring in the fourth quarter of each year and the lowest percentage of sales occurring in the first quarter of each year. We expect these trends to continue. Our other products have not experienced any significant seasonal impact.

        We were incorporated in the State of Delaware in April 2001 under the name Project Mammoth, Inc. and changed our name to Boingo Wireless, Inc. in October 2001. Our principal executive offices are located in Los Angeles, California. Our website address is www.boingo.com. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Industry Overview

        Popular business and consumer applications such as streaming media, online games, social networking, cloud storage, software-as-a-service and video calling require high-speed, high-bandwidth Internet access. These data-intensive applications are driving an escalation in Internet data traffic. With

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the proliferation of smartphones, tablet computers, laptops, and other Wi-Fi enabled devices, users expect to be able to access the same content and information while on-the-go. Global mobile data traffic is expected to increase by 10 times from 2014 to 2019 as projected by Cisco's Visual Networking Index ("CVNI").

        The adoption, growth and advancement of smartphones are key catalysts for the acceleration of high-speed and high-bandwidth mobile Internet usage. The improved computing power, rich graphical user interfaces and Internet capabilities of these devices enable mobile users to make video calls or stream full-length movies, contributing to the vast expansion of the wireless consumption of data. For example, the average smart device user generated 22 times the amount of data traffic generated by the average non-smart device user in 2014, according to CVNI. Mobile video traffic was 55% of traffic by the end of 2014, according to CVNI. Widely-used mobile applications allow individuals to access the same content and services on their smartphones and other mobile devices that they use at their homes or offices. By the end of 2014, the number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the number of people on earth, and by 2019 there will be nearly 1.5 mobile devices per capita according to CVNI. In addition, 46% of total mobile data traffic was offloaded through Wi-Fi or other small cells in 2014 and without offload, mobile data traffic would have grown 84% rather than 69% in 2014, according to CVNI.

        To cope with the significant increase in expected global mobile Internet data traffic, network operators are rapidly expanding their capacity and investing in technologies such as 3G and 4G cellular networks. According to CVNI, a 4G connection generated 10 times more traffic on average than a non-4G connection and although 4G connections represent only 6% of mobile connections today, they already account for 40% of mobile data traffic. These investments, while necessary, are only a short-term solution not capable of meeting the long-term demand for data usage. To ease the strain of cellular networks by off-loading data, network operators have also been investing in Wi-Fi and cellular DAS that recycle spectrum in large venues to increase overall capacity. According to ABI Research, the market for in-building wireless equipment and deployments is expected to grow to over $8 billion in 2019, up from a forecast of $4.4 billion for 2014 representing a 14% compound annual growth rate.

        Wi-Fi provides higher speed and higher bandwidth per user in high density locations, and is simpler and less expensive to deploy than additional cellular network capacity. The benefits and consumer demand for Wi-Fi have led hardware manufacturers to include Wi-Fi as a standard feature on smart devices, laptops and tablet computers. Wi-Fi has become the standard protocol for residential and office wireless networks and is increasingly prevalent in public venues, such as airports, hotels, coffee shops, shopping malls, arenas, stadiums, campuses and quick service restaurants.

Challenges Facing Our Industry

        The mobile Internet is a complex and constantly evolving ecosystem comprised of over a billion mobile Internet-enabled devices from dozens of manufacturers, which are powered by many different operating systems. Devices use different network technologies and must be configured with the appropriate software to detect and optimize a connection to the mobile Internet. This complexity is amplified as new device models and operating systems are released, new categories of devices become Internet-enabled, and new network technologies emerge. The increasing number of mobile Internet-enabled devices in this ecosystem is causing an even more rapid increase in data consumption on capacity-strained networks.

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Our Strategy

        We believe we are the leading global provider of commercial mobile Wi-Fi Internet solutions and indoor DAS services for carriers. Key elements of our strategy to extend that lead are to:

•

Expand our footprint of managed and operated and aggregated networks.  We intend to continue to grow our global network of managed and operated DAS and Wi-Fi networks by pursuing new opportunities at large venues such as airports, arenas, stadiums, hospitals, campuses and universities. We also plan to enter into new roaming agreements with other network and hotspot operators to maximize the reach of our aggregated network, which creates a more attractive offering for our retail and military customers and wholesale Wi-Fi partners.



•

Leverage our neutral-host business model to accelerate wholesale roaming and carrier offload partnerships.  Our neutral-host model enables us to partner with venue operators because we allow their customers to access a venue's network regardless of the customers' Wi-Fi provider. We also partner with telecom operators that are attracted to us because we do not compete for cellular subscribers. We intend to expand our neutral-host managed and operated network by partnering with additional venues, network operators, telecom operators and technology companies.



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Maximize advertising and sponsorship sell-through for our inventory of advertising-enabled networks.  We will seek to leverage our expanded ad sales team to engage leading brands and advertising agencies acting on their behalf to maximize sell-through for our expanding inventory of advertising-supplemented managed and operated networks and contracted advertising-enabled partner networks. These networks represent high-traffic, high-demand locations with broad appeal. We also expect to enhance existing ad products and develop new ones to provide appealing options to advertisers looking for innovative ways to engage potential customers.



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Increase our brand awareness.  We will continue to seek new ways to promote our brand through our managed and operated hotspots. We intend to enhance our brand through low-cost co-marketing arrangements with our partners and through periodic promotional and sponsorship activities and by continuing to leverage the reach of social media to interact with our customers.

Services

        Our solution makes it easy, convenient and cost effective for individuals to find and gain access to the mobile Internet.

        Retail.    We enable individuals to purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations around the world. We offer a selection of month-to-month subscription and single-use access plans. Our most common plans are the $9.95 monthly subscription and the single-use Boingo AsYouGo at $7.95 per day. Our single-use access plans provide unlimited access on a single device at a specific hotspot for a defined period of time, tolled from the time the user first logs on to

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the network. We will continue to launch other flexible plans to meet the evolving needs of our customers.

        Military.    We also provide broadband and IPTV services for troops stationed on U.S. military bases. Both IPTV and Internet service are available and include basic, standard and expanded service tiers, with discounted service options when both Internet and IPTV products are bundled in a combo package. Our most common plans are the $29.95 monthly subscription for Standard services (Internet or IPTV) and the $49.95 monthly subscription for Expanded services (Internet or IPTV). The Standard combo package is $54.95 per month and the Expanded combo package is $89.95 per month. Military personnel can also add premium channels at additional cost to enhance their IPTV service. Plans are available on daily (Internet only), weekly and monthly schedules, with different service options at each interval. These services are only available on the U.S. military bases.

        DAS.    We offer our telecom operator partners access to our DAS infrastructure at certain of our managed and operated hotspot locations. We deploy our DAS infrastructure within airports and other locations that require additional signal strength to improve the quality of cellular services.

        Wholesale—Wi-Fi.    Our integrated hardware and software platform allows us to provide a range of value-added services to network operators, device manufacturers, technology companies, enterprise software and services companies, and venue operators.

•

Roaming services.  We offer roaming services across our entire network of more than one million hotspot locations to our partners who can then provide mobile Internet services to their customers at these locations.



•

Platform services.  We license our proprietary software and provide software integration and development services to our platform services partners. This enables them to integrate our mobile Internet solution with their product and service offerings, either as a bundled Boingo service or a private labeled offering. Our solution includes our proprietary, patented techniques for wireless signal detection, presentation and network aggregation.



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Turn-key solutions.  We offer our venue partners the ability to implement a turn-key Wi-Fi solution, with no initial investment, through a Wi-Fi network infrastructure that we install, manage and operate. Our turn-key solutions include a variety of service models that are supported through a mix of retail, military, wholesale Wi-Fi and advertising revenue.

        Advertising.    Our platform provides a valuable opportunity for advertisers to reach a targeted base of visitors to our landing pages with sponsored access, promotional programs and display advertising. We provide advertisers the opportunity to sponsor wireless Internet access to individuals at locations where we manage and operate the Wi-Fi network and locations where we solely provide authorized access to a partner's Wi-Fi network through sponsored access and promotional programs. We also offer

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display advertising based on impressions delivered by our platform. Our advertising solution is easily integrated into Wi-Fi networks not directly managed by Boingo, expanding the addressable market.

Our Network

        Through our managed and operated hotspots and our strategic partnership arrangements, users have access to more than one million hotspots worldwide in venues such as airports, hotels, coffee shops, shopping malls, arenas, stadiums and quick service restaurants. We design, build, monitor and maintain the Wi-Fi network at our managed and operated hotspot locations primarily located in the United States and Europe. Our strategic partnership arrangements with more than 130 network operators allow us to extend our global network to over 90 countries worldwide. In 2013, we acquired Electronic Media Systems, Inc. and Advanced Wireless Group, LLC and its network of 17 managed and operated networks (collectively, "AWG").

        Boingo hotspot locations by region as of December 31, 2014 included:

Marketing and Business Development

        Our marketing and business development efforts are designed to cost effectively attract and retain new customers, expand our footprint of Wi-Fi hotspots, DAS and advertising locations and identify business partners that could leverage our network to provide mobile Internet services to their customers. We focus on efficient customer acquisition and brand building through our on-line presence, in-venue signage, public relations, market research and other promotional activities.

        We seek to maximize customer lifetime value by managing subscriber acquisition cost, extending customer life and determining appropriate pricing. We use information about subscriber behavior to help us retain customers and determine premium offerings. Our segmentation is focused at the product level, so that we provide the right product, plan and price for each customer in each region of the world where we operate. Our consumer plans are available for essentially all Wi-Fi enabled devices and are priced on a month-to- month or per-use basis.

        We issue regular press releases announcing important partnerships and product developments and continually update our website with information about our network and services. We leverage our blog and social media accounts to further promote Boingo's product availability and applicability for travelers, digital elite and consumers on-the-go.

Development

        Our development efforts are focused primarily on supporting our networks and the businesses that run across these networks. This includes software clients and web applications for ease of connecting to our managed and operated and aggregate partner networks, integrating our software client with our wholesale partners, continuing to adapt our technology to new operating systems and platforms, an advertising system and business and operations support system for monetizing network service, an IPTV

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platform for delivering IPTV services to our U.S. military bases and optimizing our networks and backend systems for roaming and carrier offload. Our development model is based on Agile development practices so any deviations can be promptly corrected to improve reliability in our network or services and enhance customer satisfaction. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, development and technology expenses were $14.9 million, $11.4 million and $10.8 million, respectively.

Technology

        Over the past 14 years, we have developed proprietary systems that include the Boingo software client; authentication, authorization and tracking systems; mediation and billing systems; IPTV management and delivery platform; and a real-time operational support and software configuration and messaging infrastructure.

Boingo Software Client

        The Boingo software client is installed on Wi-Fi enabled devices such as smartphones, laptops and tablet computers to enable our customers to access our network. The key features of the Boingo software client include:

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Simple user interface.  The Boingo software client provides individuals with an uncomplicated, user-friendly interface designed to streamline the Wi-Fi network connection process. The software finds hotspots and monitors the availability of Wi-Fi hotspots in the Boingo network, presents a notification message of the hotspot identified and allows one-click user connections. In some devices, connection to a Boingo Wi-Fi hotspot occurs in the background, providing the user with a seamless, notification-free connectivity experience.



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Support for all major operating system platforms.  The Boingo software client supports the Android, iOS, Mac OS and Windows operating systems, which represents the majority of all devices connecting to our managed and operated venues.



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Automatic updates.  The Boingo software client automatically receives identification information for new hotspot locations as they are added to the Boingo network, including any information needed to automatically identify and login to the network. Location information, allowing a user to find Boingo hotspots from the client, is also automatically updated. On all but embedded platforms, software updates are also automatically offered to a user when available.



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Custom branding and flexible integration alternatives.  We offer wholesale customers the ability to integrate the Boingo software client into their products and services as a software development kit or SDK. Additionally, we offer wholesale customers the option to utilize a custom, rebranded reference design of the software client used in our retail customer offering.

Authentication, Authorization and Tracking System

        Our proprietary authentication, authorization and tracking system enables the reliable, scalable and secure initiation and termination of user Wi-Fi sessions on our network. This system authenticates our network users across a wide variety of hotspots and network operators, through a normalized authentication protocol. Through the authorization process, custom business rules ensure user access based on specific service parameters such as location, type of device, service plan and account information. Our system also captures duration, data traffic, location, and type of device. We normalize and process this data from disparate providers for our use and for our wholesale partners. This system has been enhanced to include support for secure Next Generation Hotspot roaming, which leverages Passpoint-certified devices and network hardware to establish seamless secure connections for customers.

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Mediation and Billing System

        Our mediation and billing system records and analyzes individual usage sessions required to bill for Wi-Fi usage. Users are charged based on variables such as pricing plan, device type, location, time and amount of use. Our system consolidates usage session information, determines the user identity and applies the appropriate aggregation and flagging to ensure proper usage processing. Our system handles exceptions automatically. Exceptions that cannot be solved automatically are brought to the attention of the operations staff for rectification of any discrepancies. The billing system provides billing based on roaming relationship, user type, device type and account type. Our retail and military customer mediation and billing is handled by the same infrastructure used for wholesale customer and billing, resulting in efficiencies of scale and operation.

Software Configuration and Messaging System

        Our software configuration system provides real-time network configuration updates for approximately 2,630 networks and 50 detection and login methodologies used by the Boingo software client to access our network. Our software configuration system automatically registers new network definitions and login methodologies to allow individuals to connect to our hotspot locations. All supported platforms use a single configuration, providing a high level of operational and test efficiency. Our messaging system enables real-time customer notification and system interaction at login, based on location, network, user, account type, device and usage. This approach enables us and our partners to deliver custom marketing or service messages.

Operations

        We provide significant operational support for our managed and operated Wi-Fi hotspots and other hotspots in our network. For our managed and operated Wi-Fi hotspots, we design, build, monitor and maintain the network. For roaming partners, we monitor hotspot uptime and report outages so that they can be quickly remedied. We have service level agreements with our roaming partners specifying minimum network uptime requirements.

        Our Wi-Fi deployments are based on the IEEE 802.11a, b, g, n and ac standards and operate in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum bands. We design, build, and operate DAS networks that provide 2G, 3G, and 4G-LTE services across multiple licensed-frequency bands for all major telecom operators.

Customers

        We generate revenue primarily from our retail and military customers and wholesale partners. Our retail and military customers purchase either month-to-month subscription plans that automatically renew, or single-use access to our network. We acquire our retail and military customers primarily from users passing through our managed and operated locations, where we generally have exclusive multi-year agreements. Some of our wholesale Wi-Fi customers license our software and pay usage-based network access fees to allow their customers access to our global Wi-Fi network and other wholesale Wi-Fi partners pay us to provide Wi-Fi services in their venue locations under a service provider arrangement. Our DAS customers are telecom operators who pay us one-time build-out fees and recurring access fees for our DAS network, enabling their cellular customers to access these networks. Our wholesale customer relationships are generally governed by multi-year contracts. We acquire our wholesale customers through our business development efforts. We also generate revenue from advertisers that seek to reach visitors to the landing pages at our managed and operated network locations with online advertising, promotional and sponsored programs. For the year ended December 31, 2014, entities affiliated with AT&T Inc. accounted for 15% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2013, two groups of entities affiliated with Verizon Communications, Inc. and

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AT&T Inc. each accounted for 14% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2012, those same two groups of affiliated entities accounted for 17% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. The loss of these groups and the customers could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated statements of operations.

Key Business Metrics

        In addition to monitoring traditional financial measures, we also monitor our operating performance using key performance indicators. In 2014, we updated our presentation of revenue sources to differentiate our individual users based on the nature of the users—retail users who purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations or military users who purchase Internet access or IPTV services for individual use on U.S. military bases. Accordingly, we have disaggregated our subscribers between our retail and military users. We have also removed monthly churn, which was defined as the number of subscribers who canceled their subscriptions in a given month, expressed as a percentage of the average subscribers in that month, as a key performance indicator as we no longer view monthly churn as a key business metric. Our key performance indicators follow:

        Subscribers—retail and subscribers—military.    This metric represents the number of paying customers who are on a month-to-month subscription plan at a given period end.

        Connects.    This metric shows how often individuals connect to our global Wi-Fi network in a given period. The connects include retail and wholesale customers in both customer pay locations and customer free locations where we are a paid service provider or receive sponsorship or promotional fees. We count each connect as a single connect regardless of how many times that individual accesses the network at a given venue during their 24 hour period. This measure is an indicator of paid activity throughout our network.

        DAS nodes.    This metric represents the number of active DAS nodes as of the end of the period. A DAS node is a single communications endpoint, typically an antenna, which transmits or receives radio frequency signals wirelessly. This measure is an indicator of the reach of our DAS network.

Retail and Military Customer Support Services

        We provide support services to our retail and military customers 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year, by phone, chat or email. Our website also contains a comprehensive list of responses to frequently asked questions, and we monitor and respond to social media communications regarding our services. We provide support services through our internal customer care department and we rely on a third-party provider for most of our standard customer support.

Competition

        The market for mobile Internet services and solutions is fragmented and competitive. We believe the principal competitive factors in our industry include the following:

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price;

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ease of access and use;



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quality of service;



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geographic reach;



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bundled service offerings;



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venue exclusivity;



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brand name recognition; and



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flexible pricing plans.

        We believe we face no material direct competitors to our service offerings. Indirect competitors include telecom operators, cable companies, self-managed venue networks and smaller wireless Internet service providers. Some of these competitors have substantially greater resources, larger customer bases, longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we have. Others offer bundled data services with primary service offerings that we do not offer such as landline and cellular telephone service, and cable or satellite television. Many of our indirect competitors are also partners from whom we receive revenue when their customers access our network. We believe that we compete favorably based on geographic coverage, network reliability, quality of service, ease of use, cost, and our neutral host business model.

Intellectual Property

        Our ongoing success will depend in part upon our ability to protect our core technology and intellectual property. To accomplish this, we rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, including trade secrets, patents, copyrights and trademarks, as well as contractual restrictions.

        We have four issued U.S. patents, two of which expire in 2022, and the others of which expire in 2030 and 2033. We have six patent applications pending in the United States. One of the pending U.S. patent applications is also pending in Europe. We have two issued Japanese patents and two issued Chinese patents, each of which has a maximum term that expires in 2027.

        Our registered trademarks in the United States and the European Union include "Boingo", "Boingo Wi-Finder", and "Don't just go. Boingo.", and in the United States, "Cloud 9 Media" and "AWG-WIFI". We own additional registrations and have filed other trademark applications in the United States and other countries.

        In addition to the foregoing protections, we control access to, and use of, our proprietary software and other confidential information through the use of internal and external controls, including contractual protections with employees, contractors, customers and partners. Our software is protected by United States and international copyright laws.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2014, we had 265 employees, including 74 in development and technology, 115 in operations, 48 in business development and marketing and 28 in general and administrative. All of our employees are full-time employees. None of our employees are represented by a labor union except for four international employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We have never experienced any employment related work stoppages and consider relations with our employees to be good. As of December 31, 2014, we also had arrangements with a third party call center provider in New York that provided us with approximately 50 full-time equivalent contractors for retail and military customer support service and similar functions.

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Financial Information about Segments and Geographic Areas

        Reference to our segments and the geographic areas where we operate is contained in Note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

Available Information

        Our filings with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or SEC, including this Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K are available free of charge through the Investor Relations section of our website at http://www.boingo.com and are accessible as soon as reasonably practicable after being electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. The information on, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        Copies of this report are also available free of charge from Boingo Corporate Investor Communications, 10960 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 800, Los Angeles, California 90024. In addition, our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and written charters of the committees of the Board of Directors are accessible through the Corporate Governance tab in the Investor Relations section of our website and are available in print to any stockholder who requests a copy.

        You may read and copy materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference facilities at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference facilities is available by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports and other information we file, and proxy statements to be filed with the SEC. The address of the SEC's website is http://www.sec.gov.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

        Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this report on Form 10-K, including our accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes, before deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock. If any of the following risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. The price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

         A significant portion of our revenue is dependent on our relationships with our venue and network partners, and if these relationships are impaired or terminated, or if our partners do not perform as expected, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

        We depend on our relationships with venue partners, particularly key airport venue partners, in order to manage and operate DAS networks and Wi-Fi hotspots. These relationships generate a significant portion of our revenue and allow us to generate wholesale revenues and new retail and military customers. Our agreements with our venue partners, DAS telecom operators, and wholesale Wi-Fi customers are for defined periods and of varying durations. In order to maintain our relationships with venue partners, we may need to upgrade our networks, which would require significantly higher initial capital expenditures than we have historically incurred, and if we are unsuccessful, our relationships could be impaired. If our venue partners terminate or fail to renew these agreements, our ability to generate and retain wholesale, retail and military customers would be diminished and our network of DAS networks and Wi-Fi hotspots would be reduced, which might result in a significant disruption of our business and adversely affect our operating results. Further, any

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delays in our ability to complete the upgrade of our networks or build-out new networks can adversely affect our operating results.

        We depend on our relationships with network partners to allow users to roam across Wi-Fi networks that we do not manage or operate. A significant portion of our revenue depends on maintaining these relationships with network partners. Some network partners may compete with us for retail customers and may decide to terminate our partnerships and instead develop competing retail products and services. Our network partner agreements are for defined periods and of varying durations. If our network partners terminate these agreements, or fail to renew these agreements, our ability to retain retail customers could be diminished and our network of Wi-Fi hotspots could be reduced, which could result in a significant disruption of our business and adversely affect our operating results.

         Worldwide economic conditions, and their impact on travel and consumer spending, may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

        Global economic conditions have been weak for a prolonged period of time, and levels of travel and consumer spending have been particularly depressed. Our business is impacted by travel and consumer spending, because users seek to access the mobile Internet while they are on-the-go, and because spending on Internet access is often a consumer discretionary spending decision. Factors that tend to negatively impact levels of travel include high unemployment, high energy prices, low business and consumer confidence, the fear of terrorist attacks, war and other macroeconomic factors. Economic conditions that tend to negatively impact levels of discretionary consumer spending include high unemployment, high consumer debt, reductions in net worth, depressed real estate markets, increased taxation, high energy prices, high interest rates, low consumer confidence and other macroeconomic factors. If the global economic recovery is slower than expected, or if it weakens, our retail and military customer base, new retail and military customer acquisition and usage-based revenue could be materially harmed, and our results of operations would be adversely affected.

         Our business depends upon demand for mobile Internet services on Wi-Fi networks, market adoption of new technologies and our ability to adapt to such changes.

        Our future success depends upon growing demand for mobile Internet services, which is inherently uncertain. The demand for mobile Internet services may decrease or may grow more slowly than expected. Any such decrease in the demand or slowing rate of growth could have a material adverse effect on our business. The continued demand for mobile Internet services depends on the continued proliferation of smartphones, tablet computers and other Wi-Fi enabled devices and the rate of evolution of data-intensive applications on the mobile Internet. Historically, we have derived substantially all our retail revenue from laptop users who purchased month-to-month subscriptions or single-use access. We may face challenges as we seek to increase the revenue generated from the usage on smartphones, tablet computers and other mobile devices.

        Our business depends on the continued integration of Wi-Fi as a standard feature in mobile devices. If Wi-Fi ceases to be a standard feature in mobile devices, or if the rate of integration of Wi-Fi on mobile devices decreases or is slower than expected, the market for our services may be substantially diminished.

        Competing technologies pose a risk to the continued use of Wi-Fi as a mobile Internet technology. The introduction and market acceptance of emerging wireless technologies such as 4G, WiMAX and Super Wi-Fi, could cause significant disruption to our business, which may result in a loss of customers, users and revenue. If users find emerging wireless technologies to be sufficiently fast, convenient or cost effective, we may not be able to compete effectively, and our ability to attract or retain users will be impaired. Additionally, one or more of our partners may deploy emerging wireless technologies that

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could reduce the partner's need to work with us, and may result in significant loss of revenue and reduction of the hotspots in our network.

        We deliver value to our users by providing simple access to Wi-Fi hotspots, regardless of whether we manage and operate the hotspot, or the hotspot is operated by a partner. As a result, our business depends on our ability to anticipate and quickly adapt to changing technological standards and advances. If technological standards change and we fail to adapt accordingly, our business and revenue may be adversely affected. Furthermore, the proliferation of new mobile devices and operating platforms poses challenges for our research and development efforts. If we are unable to create simple solutions for a particular device or operating platform, we will be unable to effectively attract users of these devices or operating platforms and our business will be adversely affected.

         The growth of free Wi-Fi networks may compete with our paid mobile Wi-Fi Internet solutions.

        Many venues, including airports, coffee shops and hotels, offer free mobile Wi-Fi as an incentive or value-added benefit to their customers. Free Wi-Fi may reduce retail customer demand for our services, and put downward pressure on the prices we charge our retail customers. In addition, telecom operators may offer free mobile Wi-Fi as part of a home broadband or other service contract, which also may force down the prices we charge our retail customers. If we are unable to effectively offset this downward pressure on our prices by being a Wi-Fi service provider, or if we are unable to acquire and retain retail customers, we will have lower profit margins and our operating results and financial condition may be adversely impacted.

         Negotiations with prospective wholesale partners can be lengthy and unpredictable, which may cause our operating results to vary.

        Our negotiations with prospective partners to acquire Wi-Fi hotspots to operate, to acquire roaming rights on partners' networks, or for new partners to implement our solutions, can be lengthy, and in some cases can last over 12 months. Because of the lengthy negotiation cycle, the time required to reach a final agreement with a partner is unpredictable and may lead to variances in our operating results from quarter to quarter. Negotiations with prospective partners also require substantial time, effort and resources. We may ultimately fail in our negotiations, resulting in costs to our business without any associated benefits.

         We may be unsuccessful in expanding into new venue types, which could harm the growth of our business, operating results and financial condition.

        We are negotiating with existing and prospective partners to expand our managed and operated Wi-Fi network footprint in venue types where we historically have had only a limited presence. Expansion into these venue types, and in particular shopping malls, stadiums, hospitals and quick service restaurants, may require significantly higher initial capital expenditures than we have historically incurred. In contrast to Wi-Fi network build-outs at venues such as airports, where telecom operators typically pay the substantial expense of laying cable or fiber, we may be required to incur the initial capital expense of access points and related hardware and cabling at tens of thousands of quick serve restaurant locations and hundreds of shopping malls, hospitals and stadium locations. We may not be able to execute on our strategy or there may not be returns on these investments in the near future or at all. As a result, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

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         We operate relatively new businesses in an emerging market, so an investment in our company involves more risk than an investment in a more mature company in an established industry.

        We derive nearly all of our revenue from mobile Internet services, which are new and highly dynamic businesses, which face significant challenges. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks, uncertainties and difficulties we will encounter as an emerging company in a new and rapidly evolving market. We may not be able to address these risks, uncertainties and difficulties successfully, which could materially harm our business and operating results.

         Our operating results may fluctuate unexpectedly, which makes them difficult to predict and may cause us to fail to meet the expectations of investors, adversely affecting our stock price.

        We operate in a highly dynamic industry and our future quarterly operating results may fluctuate significantly. Our revenue and operating results may vary from quarter to quarter due to many factors, many of which are not within our control. As a result, comparing our operating results on a period-to- period basis may not be meaningful. Further, it is difficult to accurately forecast our revenue, margin and operating results, and if we fail to match our expected results or the results expected by financial analysts, the trading price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

        Factors that contribute to fluctuations in our operating results from quarter-to-quarter include those described in this risk factor section including:

•

our gain or loss of a key venue partner, military partner, roaming partner or platform services partner;



•

the rate at which individuals adopt and continue to use our solutions;



•

the timing and success of new technology introductions by us or our competitors;



•

the growing prevalence of free Wi-Fi models and our ability to adapt and compete with free Wi-Fi;



•

the number of air travel passengers, particularly business travelers;



•

intellectual property disputes; and



•

general economic conditions in our domestic and foreign markets.

        Due to these and other factors, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our historical operating results should not be relied upon as accurate indicators of our future performance.

         We may not maintain recent rates of revenue growth.

        Although our revenue has increased substantially over the last few years, we may not be able to maintain historical rates of revenue growth. We believe that our continued growth will depend, among other factors, on successfully implementing our business strategies, including our ability to:

•

attract new users, convert users of our single-use services into subscribers and keep existing subscribers actively using our services;



•

develop new sources of revenue from our users and partners;



•

react to changes in the way individuals access and use the mobile Internet;



•

expand into new markets;



•

increase the awareness of our brand;



•

retain our existing partners and attract new partners; and

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•

provide our users with a superior experience, including customer support and payment experiences.

        However, we cannot guarantee that we will successfully implement any of these business strategies.

         The U.S. government may modify, curtail or terminate one or more of our contracts.

        We have dedicated a significant amount of resources to building out broadband and IPTV networks for troops stationed on U.S. military bases pursuant to our contracts with the U.S. government. The investment of these resources will occur in advance of experiencing any direct benefit from them including generation of revenues and will make it difficult to determine if we are allocating our resources efficiently. As a result of these investments, we do not expect to be profitable in the near future. The U.S. government may modify, curtail or terminate its contracts with us, either at its convenience or for default based on performance. Any such modification, curtailment, or termination of one or more of our government contracts could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flow and/or financial position.

         System failures could harm our business.

        Although we seek to reduce the possibility of disruptions or other outages, our business may be disrupted by problems with our technology and systems, such as an access point failure at one of our managed and operated hotspots, or a backhaul disruption. We have experienced system failures from time to time, and any interruption in the ability of users to access our solution could harm our business and reputation.

        Our systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from telecommunications failures, computer denial-of-service attacks, power loss, computer viruses, earthquakes, floods, fires, terrorist attacks and similar events. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. Our systems may also be damaged by break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems could result in lengthy interruptions in the availability of the Boingo solution. We do not carry business interruption insurance to compensate us for all losses that may result from service interruptions caused by system failures. If we are unable to resolve service interruptions quickly, our ability to acquire and retain customers will be impaired and our operating results and business could be adversely affected.

         We may be unsuccessful in expanding our international operations, which could harm the growth of our business, operating results and financial condition.

        Our ability to expand internationally involves various risks, including the need to invest significant resources in unfamiliar markets, and the possibility that there may not be returns on these investments in the near future or at all. In addition, we have incurred and expect to continue to incur expenses before we generate any material revenue in these new markets. Our expansion plans will require significant management attention and resources. We have limited experience in selling our solutions in international markets or in conforming to local cultures, standards or policies. We may not be able to compete successfully in these international markets. Our ability to expand will also be limited by the demand for mobile Internet in international markets. Different privacy, censorship and liability standards and regulations and different intellectual property laws in foreign countries may cause our business and operating results to suffer.

        Any future international operations may fail to succeed due to risks inherent in foreign operations, including:

•

different technological solutions for mobile Internet than those used in North America;

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•

varied, unfamiliar and unclear legal and regulatory restrictions;



•

unexpected changes in international regulatory requirements and tariffs;



•

legal, political, social or systemic restrictions on the ability of U.S. companies to do business in foreign countries;



•

currency fluctuations;



•

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act compliance and related risks;



•

difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;



•

difficulties in enforcing contracts and collecting accounts receivable, and longer payment cycles, especially in emerging markets;



•

reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries; and



•

potential adverse tax consequences.

        Some of our business partners also have international operations and are subject to the risks described above. Even if we are able to successfully manage the risks of international operations, our business may be adversely affected if our business partners are not able to successfully manage these risks.

        As a result of these obstacles, we may find it difficult or prohibitively expensive to expand internationally or we may be unsuccessful in our attempt to do so, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

         Our industry is competitive and if we do not compete successfully, we could lose market share, experience reduced revenue or suffer losses.

        The market for commercial mobile Wi-Fi solutions is competitive and impacted by technological change, and we expect competition with our current and potential competitors to intensify in the future. In particular, some of our competitors have taken steps or may decide to more aggressively compete against us, particularly in the market for venue build-outs of Wi-Fi and DAS solutions.

        Our competitors, many of whom are also our partners, include a variety of telecom operators and network operators, including AT&T, T-Mobile, Cablevision, Comcast and local operators. These and other competitors have developed or may develop technologies that compete directly with our solutions. Many of our competitors are substantially larger than we are and have substantially longer operating histories. We may not be able to fund or invest in certain areas of our business to the same degree as our competitors. Many have substantially greater product development and marketing budgets and other financial and personnel resources than we do. Some also have greater name and brand recognition and a larger base of subscribers or users than we have. In addition, our competitors may provide services that we do not, such as cellular, local exchange and long distance services, voicemail and digital subscriber line. Users that desire these services may choose to also obtain mobile Wi-Fi Internet services from a competitor that provides these additional services rather than from us.

        Furthermore, we rely on several of our competitors as partners in roaming agreements. The roaming agreements provide that our retail customers and our wholesale partners' customers may use the Wi-Fi networks of our partners. One or more of our partners may deploy competing technologies that could reduce the partner's need to work with us under a roaming agreement. If our partners decide to terminate our roaming agreements, our network of Wi-Fi hotspots may be reduced, which may result in a significant disruption to our business.

        Competition could increase our selling and marketing expenses and related customer acquisition costs. We may not have the financial resources, technical expertise or marketing and support

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capabilities to continue to compete successfully. A failure to respond to established and new competitors may adversely impact our business and operating results.

         The regulation of Internet communications, products and services is currently uncertain, which poses risks for our business from changes in laws, regulations, and interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or regulations.

        The current regulatory environment for Internet communications, products and services is uncertain. Many laws and regulations were adopted prior to the advent of the Internet and related technologies and often do not contemplate or address the specific issues associated with the Internet and related technologies. The scope of laws and regulations applicable to the Internet remains uncertain and is subject to statutory or interpretive change. We cannot be certain that we, our partners or our users are currently in compliance with regulatory or other legal requirements in the numerous countries in which our service is used. Our failure or the failure of our partners, users and others with whom we transact business, or to whom we license the Boingo solution, to comply with existing or future regulatory or other legal requirements could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Regulators may disagree with our interpretations of existing laws or regulations or the applicability of existing laws or regulations to our business, and existing laws, regulations and interpretations may change in unexpected ways.

        We believe that the Boingo solution is on the forefront of mobile Internet technology, and therefore it may face greater regulatory scrutiny than other communications products and services. We cannot be certain what positions regulators may take regarding our compliance with, or lack of compliance with, current and future legal and regulatory requirements or what positions regulators may take regarding any past or future actions we have taken or may take in any jurisdiction. Regulators may determine that we are not in compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, and impose penalties, or we may need to make changes to the Boingo solution, which could be costly and difficult. Any of these events would adversely affect our operating results and business.

         If we lose key personnel or are unable to attract and retain personnel on a cost effective basis, our business could be harmed.

        Our performance is substantially dependent on the continued services and performance of our senior management and our highly qualified team of engineers, many of whom have numerous years of experience and specialized expertise in our business. If we are not successful in hiring and retaining highly qualified engineers, we may not be able to extend or maintain our engineering and technological expertise and our future product and service development efforts could be adversely affected. If we lose members of our senior management, this may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our strategic objectives and adversely affect our operating results.

        Our future success also depends on our ability to identify, attract, hire, train, retain and motivate highly skilled managerial, operations, business development and marketing personnel. We have in the past maintained a rigorous, highly selective and time-consuming hiring process. We believe that our approach to hiring has significantly contributed to our success to date. However, our highly selective hiring process has made it more difficult for us to hire a sufficient number of qualified employees, and, as we grow, our hiring process may prevent us from hiring the personnel we need in a timely manner. Moreover, the cost of living in the Los Angeles area, where our corporate headquarters is located, has been an impediment to attracting new employees in the past, and we expect that this will continue to impair our ability to attract and retain employees in the future. If we fail to attract, integrate and retain the necessary personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively and our business could suffer significantly.

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         Our failure to properly maintain our customers' confidential information and protect our network against security breaches, including cyber-security breaches, could harm our business and operating results.

        Advances in computer capabilities, new discoveries in the field of cryptography or other cyber-security developments may result in a compromise or breach of the technology we use to protect user transaction data. Cyber-security risks such as malicious software and attempts to gain unauthorized access to data are rapidly evolving and could lead to disruptions in our network, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information or corruption of data. Any compromises of our security could damage our reputation and brand and expose us to possible liability such as litigation claims, which would substantially harm our business and operating results. We may need to expend significant resources to protect against security breaches or to address problems caused by breaches.

        Many countries, such as European Union member states as a result of the 2006 E.U. Data Retention Directive, are introducing, or have already introduced into local law some form of traffic and user data retention requirements, which are generally applicable to providers of electronic communications services. Retention periods and data types vary from country to country, and the various local data protection and other authorities may implement traffic and user retention requirements regarding certain data in different and potentially overlapping ways. Although the constitutionality of the 2006 E.U. Data Retention Directive has been questioned, we may be required to comply with data retention requirements in one or more jurisdictions, or we may be required to comply with these requirements in the future as a result of changes or modifications to the Boingo solution or changes or modifications to the technological infrastructure on which the Boingo solution is based. Failure to comply with these retention requirements may result in the imposition of costly penalties. Compliance with these retention requirements can be difficult and costly from a legal, operational and technical perspective and could harm our business and operational results.

         We rely on our credit facility to fund a significant portion of our capital expenditures and other capital needs. If we are unable to achieve compliance with the credit facility covenants, or interest rates increase significantly, our business would be negatively impacted.

        In November 2014, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") and related agreements with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein. The Credit Agreement places restrictions on our ability to take certain actions and sets standards for minimum financial performance. In addition to maintaining compliance with the covenants set forth in the Credit Agreement, our ability to increase the amount available for borrowing under our revolving line of credit depends on our ability to meet certain financial targets. If we fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Credit Agreement, then the line of credit may be withdrawn, we may be required to immediately repay any outstanding obligation, and the additional funds will not be available to us to fund our capital needs.

         We rely on a third-party customer support service provider for the majority of our customer support calls. If this service provider experiences operational difficulties or disruptions, our business could be adversely affected.

        We depend on a third-party customer support service provider to handle most of our routine retail and military customer support cases. While we maintain limited customer support operations in our Los Angeles headquarters, if our relationship with our customer support service provider terminates unexpectedly, or if our customer service provider experiences operational difficulties, we may not be able to respond to customer support calls in a timely manner and the quality of our customer service would be adversely affected. This could harm our reputation and brand image and make it difficult for us to attract and retain users. In addition, the loss of the customer support service provider would require us to identify and contract with alternative sources, which could prove time-consuming and expensive.

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         Material defects or errors in our software could harm our reputation, result in significant costs to us and impair our ability to sell the Boingo solution.

        The software underlying the Boingo solution is inherently complex and may contain material defects or errors, particularly when the software is first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. We have from time to time found defects or errors in our software, and defects or errors in our existing software may be detected in the future. Any defects or errors that cause interruptions to the availability of our services could result in:

•

a reduction in sales or delay in market acceptance of the Boingo solution;



•

sales credits or refunds to our users and wholesale partners;



•

loss of existing users and difficulty in attracting new users;



•

diversion of development resources;



•

harm to our reputation and brand image; and



•

increased insurance costs.

        The costs incurred in correcting any material defects or errors in our software may be substantial and could harm our operating results.

         If we are not successful in developing our mobile application for new devices and platforms, or if those solutions are not widely adopted, our results of operations and business could be adversely affected.

        As new mobile devices and platforms are developed, we may encounter problems in developing products for such new mobile devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the creation, support, and maintenance of such products. In addition, if we experience difficulties integrating our mobile applications into mobile devices, or if we face increased costs to distribute our mobile applications, our future growth and our results of operations could suffer.

         If we fail to maintain relationships with providers of mobile operating systems or mobile application download stores, our business could be adversely affected.

        We rely on the integration of our software into mobile operating systems to allow mobile devices to connect to our network of Wi-Fi hotspots. If problems arise with our relationships with providers of mobile operating systems or mobile application download stores, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play, or if our mobile application receives unfavorable treatment compared to the promotion and placement of competing applications, such as the order of our products in the mobile application download stores, we may fail to attract or retain customers or partners, and our business could be adversely affected.

         If we fail to cost effectively develop our brand, our financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

        We market our solution under the Boingo brand. We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand is important to achieving widespread acceptance of the Boingo solution, and is an important element in attracting and retaining customers and partners. Additionally, we believe that developing this brand in a cost effective manner is important in meeting our expected margins. Brand promotion activities may not result in increased revenue, and any increased revenue resulting from these promotion activities may not offset the expenses we incurred in building our brand. If we fail to cost effectively build and maintain our brand, we may fail to attract or retain customers or partners, and our financial condition and results of operations could be harmed.

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         Our business depends on strong brands, and if we do not maintain and enhance our brand, our financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

        We believe that the Boingo brand is a critical part of our business. We continue to seek new ways to promote our brand through our managed and operated hotspots. We intend to enhance our brand through low-cost co-marketing arrangements with our partners and through periodic promotional and sponsorship activities and by continuing to leverage the reach of social media to interact with our customers. In order to maintain strong relationships with our venue and network partners, we may have to reduce the visibility of the Boingo brand or make other decisions that do not promote and maintain the Boingo brand, such as our custom branding alternatives that we offer to wholesale clients. If we fail to promote and maintain the Boingo brand, or if we incur significant expenses to promote the brand and are still unsuccessful in maintaining a strong brand, our financial condition and operating results could be harmed.

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

         Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology could harm our business.

        In recent years there has been significant litigation involving intellectual property rights in many technology-based industries, including the wireless communications industry. While we have not been specifically targeted, companies similar to us have been subject to patent lawsuits. As we face increasing competition and gain an increasingly high profile, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us grows. We may be subject to third-party claims in the future. The costs of supporting these litigations and disputes are considerable, and there can be no assurance that a favorable outcome will be obtained. We may be required to settle these litigations and disputes on terms that are unfavorable to us, given the complex technical issues and inherent uncertainties in intellectual property litigation. Claims that the Boingo solution infringes third-party intellectual property rights, regardless of their merit or resolution, could also divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. The terms of any settlements or judgments may require us to:

•

cease distribution and back-end operation of the Boingo solution;



•

pay substantial damages for infringement;



•

expend significant resources to develop non-infringing solutions;



•

license technology from the third-party claiming infringement, which may not be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all;



•

cross-license our technology to a competitor to resolve an infringement claim, which could weaken our ability to compete with that competitor; or



•

pay substantial damages to our partners to discontinue their use of or to replace infringing solutions sold to them with non-infringing solutions.

        Any of these unfavorable outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

         If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our competitive position could be harmed, or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce our rights.

        Our business depends on our ability to protect our proprietary technology. We rely on trade secret, patent, copyright and trademark laws and confidentiality agreements with employees and third parties, all of which offer only limited protection. We own four patents and have applications for six additional patents pending in the United States. Despite our efforts, the steps we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be adequate to prevent the use or misappropriation of our proprietary

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information or infringement of our intellectual property rights. Our ability to police the use, misappropriation or infringement of our intellectual property is uncertain, particularly in countries other than the United States. Further, we do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will result in the issuance of patents or whether the examination process will require us to narrow our claims. Even if patents are issued, they may be contested, circumvented, or invalidated in the future. Moreover, the rights granted under any issued patents may not provide us with complete proprietary protection or any competitive advantages, and, as with any technology, competitors may be able to develop similar or superior technologies on their own now or in the future. Protecting against the unauthorized use of our solutions, trademarks, and other proprietary rights is expensive, difficult and, in some cases, impossible. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce or defend our intellectual property rights, to protect our trade secrets, or to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources, either of which could harm our business. Furthermore, many of our current and potential competitors have the ability to dedicate substantially greater resources to enforce their intellectual property rights than we do. Accordingly, despite our efforts, if the protection of our proprietary rights is inadequate to prevent use or misappropriation by third parties, the value of our brand and other intangible assets may be diminished and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our service and methods of operations. Any of these events would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

         Our use of open source software could limit our ability to commercialize the Boingo solution.

        We have incorporated open source software into the Boingo solution. Although we closely monitor our use of open source software, we are subject to the terms of open source licenses that have not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts, and there is a risk that in the future these licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize the Boingo solution. In that event, we could be required to seek licenses from third parties or to re-engineer our software in order to continue offering the Boingo solution, or to discontinue operations, any of which could materially adversely affect our business.

         We utilize unlicensed spectrum in certain of our offerings which is subject to intense competition, low barriers of entry and slowdowns due to multiple users.

        We presently utilize unlicensed spectrum to provide our Wi-Fi Internet solutions. Unlicensed or "free" spectrum is available to multiple users and may suffer bandwidth limitations, interference and slowdowns if the number of users exceeds traffic capacity. The availability of unlicensed spectrum is not unlimited and others do not need to obtain permits or licenses to utilize the same unlicensed spectrum that we currently, or may in the future, utilize. The inherent limitations of unlicensed spectrum could potentially threaten our ability to reliably deliver our services. Moreover, the prevalence of unlicensed spectrum creates low barriers to entry in our industry.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

         The market price of our common stock may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses for investors.

        Fluctuations in market price and volume are particularly common among securities of technology companies. As a result, you may be unable to sell your shares of common stock at or above the price you paid. The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to the factors described in this risk factor section as well as the following factors, among others, many of which are beyond our control:

•

general market conditions;



•

domestic and international economic factors unrelated to our performance;

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•

actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;



•

changes in or failure to meet publicly disclosed expectations as to our future financial performance;



•

changes in securities analysts' estimates of our financial performance or lack of research and reports by industry analysts;



•

changes in market valuations or earnings of similar companies;



•

announcements by us or our competitors of significant products, contracts, acquisitions, or strategic partnerships;



•

developments or disputes concerning patents or proprietary rights, including increases or decreases in litigation expenses associated with intellectual property lawsuits we may initiate, or in which we may be named as defendants;



•

termination of a relationship with a venue partner;



•

failure to complete significant sales;



•

any future sales of our common stock or other securities; and



•

additions or departures of key personnel.

         If securities or industry analysts publish misleading or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

        The trading market for our common stock depends in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. If one or more of these analysts downgrades our stock or publishes misleading or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of our company or fails to publish reports on us regularly, demand for our stock could decrease, which could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline. Announcements by analysts that may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock may relate to:

•

our operating results or forecasts;



•

new issuances of equity, debt or convertible debt by us;



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developments in our relationships with corporate customers;



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announcements by our customers or competitors;



•

changes in regulatory policy or interpretation;



•

governmental investigations;



•

changes in the ratings of our stock by rating agencies or securities analysts;



•

our acquisitions of complementary businesses; or



•

our operational performance.

         Insiders have substantial control over us and are able to influence corporate matters.

        Our directors and executive officers and their affiliates are able to exercise significant influence over all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets. This concentration of ownership could limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may have the effect of delaying or preventing a third party from acquiring control over us.

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         As a public company, we are subject to financial and other reporting and corporate governance requirements that may be difficult for us to satisfy, and may divert resources and management attention from operating our business.

        We are required to file annual, quarterly and other reports with the SEC. We must prepare and timely file financial statements that comply with SEC reporting requirements. We are also subject to other reporting and corporate governance requirements, under the listing standards of the NASDAQ Stock Market, or NASDAQ, which imposes significant compliance obligations upon us. We are required, among other things, to:

•

prepare and file periodic reports, and distribute other stockholder communications, in compliance with the federal securities laws and NASDAQ rules; and



•

evaluate and maintain our system of internal control over financial reporting, and report on management's assessment thereof, in compliance with rules and regulations of the SEC and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. Further, we are required to obtain an opinion on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31st each year from our independent registered public accounting firm.

         If we need additional capital in the future, it may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

        We may require additional capital from equity or debt financing in the future to fund our operations, or respond to competitive pressures or strategic opportunities. We may not be able to secure timely additional financing on favorable terms, or at all. The terms of additional financing may place limits on our financial and operating flexibility. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity, convertible debt securities or other securities convertible into equity, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any new securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, if and when we require it, our ability to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges and opportunities could be significantly limited.

         We could be the subject of securities class action litigation due to future stock price volatility, which could divert management's attention and adversely affect our results of operations.

        The stock market in general and market prices for the securities of technology companies like ours in particular, have from time to time experienced volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of the underlying companies. A certain degree of stock price volatility can be attributed to being a newly public company. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. In several recent situations where the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders were to bring a lawsuit against us, the defense and disposition of the lawsuit could be costly and divert the time and attention of our management and harm our operating results.

         Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control of our company and may affect the trading price of our common stock.

        We are a Delaware corporation and the anti-takeover provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in control by prohibiting us from engaging in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the person becomes an interested stockholder, even if a change of control would be beneficial to our existing stockholders. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws may discourage, delay, or prevent a change in our management or control over us that

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stockholders may consider favorable. For example, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws:

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authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to thwart a takeover attempt;



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establish a classified board of directors, as a result of which the successors to the directors whose terms have expired will be elected to serve from the time of election and qualification until the third annual meeting following their election;



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require that directors only be removed from office for cause and only upon a majority stockholder vote;



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provide that vacancies on the board of directors, including newly-created directorships, may be filled only by a majority vote of directors then in office;



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limit who may call special meetings of stockholders;



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prohibit stockholder action by written consent, thereby requiring all actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders; and



•

require supermajority stockholder voting to effect certain amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws.

         We have incurred substantial losses in past and current years and may incur additional losses in the future.

        As of December 31, 2014, our accumulated deficit was $62.9 million. We generated a net loss in 2014 and we are also currently investing in our future growth through expanding our network and buildouts, investing in our software, and consideration of future business acquisitions. As a result, we will incur higher depreciation and other operating expenses, as well as potential acquisition costs, that may negatively impact our ability to achieve profitability in future periods unless and until these growth efforts generate enough revenue to exceed their operating costs and cover our additional overhead needed to scale our business for this anticipated growth. The current global financial condition may also impact our ability to achieve profitability if we cannot generate sufficient revenue to offset the increased costs. In addition, costs associated with the acquisition and integration of any acquired companies may also negatively impact our ability to achieve profitability. Finally, given the competitive and evolving nature of the industry in which we operate, we may not be able to achieve or increase profitability.

         We do not intend to pay dividends on our common stock and, consequently, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our common stock.

        We do not intend to declare and pay dividends on our capital stock for the foreseeable future. We currently intend to invest our future earnings, if any, to fund our growth. Therefore, you are not likely to receive any dividends on your common stock for the foreseeable future and the success of an investment in shares of our common stock will depend upon any future appreciation in their value.

Item 1B.    Unresolved Staff Comments

        None.

Item 2.    Properties

        During August 2014, we entered into a lease amendment to expand the amount of space leased and extend the term of the lease for our corporate headquarters in Los Angeles, California until

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April 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2014, we leased approximately 27,000 square feet of space for our corporate headquarters. The current leased space for our corporate headquarters will be replaced with approximately 52,000 square feet in 2015 upon completion of construction of leasehold improvements in the new leased space.

        As of December 31, 2014, we also leased an additional approximately 21,000 square feet in aggregate office space in Brea, California; San Francisco, California; Oak Brook, Illinois; Lake Success, New York; New York, New York; McKinney, Texas; Seattle, Washington; Allentown, Pennsylvania; Sao Paolo, Brazil; and Dubai, United Arab Emirates. We believe our planned office facilities will be adequate for the foreseeable future.

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings

        From time to time, we may be involved in or subject to claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures

        Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5.    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Market Information

        Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol "WIFI." The following table sets forth the high and low closing sales prices of our common stock as reported by the NASDAQ Global Market for the periods indicated.

 

Registered Stockholders

        As of March 5, 2015, there were 24 stockholders of record of our common stock. Stockholders of record do not include a substantially greater number of "street name" holders or beneficial holders of our common stock whose shares are held of record by banks, brokers and other financial institutions.

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Dividends

        We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our common stock, and currently do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay dividends on our common stock, if permissible, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon, among other factors, our financial condition, operating results, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities; Use of Proceeds from Sale of Registered Securities

        We did not sell any equity securities not registered under the Securities Act during the year ended December 31, 2014.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        On April 1, 2013, the Company approved a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $10,000,000 of the Company's common stock in the open market, exclusive of any commissions, markups or expenses. The stock repurchased will be retired and will resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The Company did not repurchase any of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2014. As of December 31, 2014, the remaining approved amount for repurchases was approximately $5,180,000.

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Performance Measurement Comparison

        The following performance graph shows the total stockholder return of an investment of $100 in cash made on May 4, 2011 in each of (i) our common stock, (ii) a broad equity market index, the securities comprising the Nasdaq Composite Index, and (iii) issuers with similar market capitalizations, the securities comprising the Russell 2000 index.

        The performance graph assumes that $100 was invested on May 4, 2011 in our common stock at the closing price of $12.10 and in each index, and that all dividends were reinvested. No dividends have been declared nor paid on our common stock. The comparisons in the graph below are required by the SEC and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of possible future performance of our common stock.

COMPARISON OF 44 MONTHS CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Boingo Wireless, Inc., The NASDAQ Composite Index and The Russell 2000 Index**

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ITEM 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

        The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in Part II, Item 7 and our accompanying consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report.

        The consolidated statements of operations data set forth below for years 2014, 2013 and 2012 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of the end of years 2014 and 2013 are derived from, and qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this report. The consolidated statements of operations data for years 2011 and 2010 and the consolidated balance sheets data as of the end of years 2012, 2011 and 2010 are derived from the audited financial statements previously filed with the SEC on Form 10-K. The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. Refer to Note 3 in our accompanying consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8 of this report for a discussion of our business combinations for years 2013 and 2012. There were no business combinations for years 2014, 2011 and 2010.

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, we finalized our purchase price allocation for our acquisition of Electronic Media Systems, Inc. and all membership interests in its subsidiary, Advanced Wireless Group, LLC (collectively, "AWG"). The consolidated balance sheets data as of December 31, 2013 and the consolidated statement of operations for 2013 have been retrospectively adjusted to reflect the final purchase price allocation for the AWG acquisition including a $28,000 decrease in goodwill, a $147,000 increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $175,000 increase in income tax expenses and accumulated deficit as compared to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 17, 2014.

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        The consolidated statement of operations for the year 2013 includes certain out-of-period adjustments that decreased net loss attributable to common stockholders by $217,000. The impact of these out-of-period adjustments are not considered material, individually and in the aggregate, to any of the current or prior annual periods.

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        The following provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders to Adjusted EBITDA:

ITEM 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION

        The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and our audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this filing. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, based on current expectations and related to our plans, estimates, beliefs and anticipated future financial performance. These statements involve risks and uncertainties and our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors, including those set forth under "Risk Factors," "Forward-Looking Statements" and elsewhere in this filing.

Overview

        We believe we are the leading global provider of commercial mobile Wi-Fi Internet solutions and indoor DAS services for carriers. Our software applications and solutions enable individuals to access our extensive global Wi-Fi networks that cover more than one million hotspots. We manage and operate an indoor DAS network which contains 8,400 nodes. Our offerings provide compelling cost and performance advantages to our customers and partners.

        We grew revenue from $106.7 million in 2013 to $119.3 million in 2014, an increase of 11.8%. We grew revenue from $102.5 million in 2012 to $106.7 million in 2013, an increase of 4.1%. We generated a net loss attributable to common stockholders of $19.5 million in 2014 compared to $4.0 million in 2013. Adjusted EBITDA decreased from $23.8 million in 2013 to $20.3 million in 2014, a decrease of 14.7%. For a discussion of Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders to Adjusted EBITDA, see footnote 1 to "Selected Financial Data" in Part II, Item 6.

        The proliferation of smartphones, tablet computers, laptops and other Wi- Fi enabled devices—in conjunction with the increased mobile consumption of streaming media, social networking, downloading large email attachments and video calling—has created a demand for high-speed, high-bandwidth Internet access in public places both large and small. These data intensive activities are driving a global surge in mobile Internet data traffic that is expected to increase 10 times between 2014 and 2019, according to Cisco's Visual Networking Index. We believe these trends present us with opportunities to generate significant growth in revenue and profitability.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

        The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Although we believe these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates. On a regular basis, we evaluate our assumptions, judgments and estimates. We also discuss our critical accounting policies and estimates with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

        We believe that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, business combinations, goodwill, measuring recoverability of long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we believe the accounting policies discussed below are paramount to understanding our historical and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving our management's judgments, assumptions and estimates.

Revenue Recognition

        We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) retail and military customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and retail and military single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (ii) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale Wi-Fi platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.

        We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured.

        Subscription fees from retail and military customers are paid monthly in advance and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. We provide refunds for our retail and military services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Revenue generated from retail and military single-use access is recognized when access is provided.

        Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to ten years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue from DAS network access fees in excess of the monthly minimums is recognized when earned.

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        Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.

        In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.

        For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we did not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third-party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.

        Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.

Business Combinations

        We allocate the total purchase price of a business combination to the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date, with the excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. An income, market or cost valuation method may be utilized to estimate the fair value of the assets acquired or liabilities assumed in a business combination. The income valuation method represents the present value of future cash flows over the life of the asset using (i) discrete financial forecasts, which rely on management's estimates of revenue and operating expenses, (ii) long- term growth rates, (iii) an appropriate discount rate and (iv) an appropriate royalty rate, where applicable. The market valuation method uses prices paid for a reasonably similar asset by other purchasers in the market, with adjustments relating to any differences between the assets. The cost valuation method is based on the replacement cost of a comparable asset at prices at the time of the acquisition reduced for depreciation of the asset.

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Goodwill

        Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized but instead is tested annually for impairment, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that fair value of the reporting unit has been reduced to less than its carrying value. We perform our impairment test annually as of December 31^st. Entities have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other. If, after assessing qualitative factors, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. If deemed necessary, a two-step test is used to identify the potential impairment and to measure the amount of goodwill impairment, if any. The first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not impaired; otherwise, there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired and the amount of the loss, if any, is measured by performing step two. Under step two, the impairment loss, if any, is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill.

        At December 31, 2014 and 2013, we tested our goodwill for impairment using a market based approach and no impairment was identified as the fair value of our sole reporting unit was substantially in excess of its carrying amount. To date, we have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges.

Measuring Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets

        We perform an impairment review of long-lived assets held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to, significant under-performance relative to projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or our overall business and/or product strategies and significant industry or economic trends. When we determine that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of these indicators, we determine the recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to net future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate or other indices of fair value. We would then recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset.

Stock-based Compensation

        Stock-based compensation consists of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs"), which are granted to employees and non-employees. We recognize compensation expense equal to the grant date fair value on a straight-line basis, net of estimated and actual forfeitures, over the employee requisite service period. The grant date fair value of our stock option awards is determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Income Taxes

        Income taxes are provided based on the liability method, which results in income tax assets and liabilities arising from temporary differences. Temporary differences are differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts in the financial statements that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. The liability method requires the effect of tax rate changes on current and accumulated deferred income taxes to be reflected in the period in which the rate change was enacted. The liability method also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance unless it is more likely than not that the assets will be realized.

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        We may recognize the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is at least more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with the taxing authorities.

        We establish valuation allowances when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. We evaluate the need for, and the adequacy of, valuation allowances based on the expected realization of our deferred tax assets. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include historical earnings, our latest forecast of taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets.

        Our effective tax rates are primarily affected by changes in our valuation allowances, the amount of our taxable income or losses in the various taxing jurisdictions in which we operate, the amount of federal and state net operating losses and tax credits, the extent to which we can utilize these net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits and certain benefits related to stock option activity.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

        Information regarding recent accounting pronouncements is contained in Note 2 "Significant Accounting Policies" to the accompanying consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8, which is incorporated herein by this reference.

Key Business Metrics

        In addition to monitoring traditional financial measures, we also monitor our operating performance using key performance indicators. In 2014, we updated our presentation of revenue sources to differentiate our individual users based on the nature of the users—retail users who purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations or military users who purchase Internet access or IPTV services for individual use on U.S. military bases. Accordingly, we have disaggregated our subscribers between our retail and military users. We have also removed monthly churn, which was defined as the number of subscribers who canceled their subscriptions in a given month, expressed as a percentage of the average subscribers in that month, as a key performance indicator as we no longer view monthly churn as a key business metric. Our key performance indicators follow:

        Subscribers—retail and subscribers—military.    This metric represents the number of paying customers who are on a month-to-month subscription plan at a given period end.

        Connects.    This metric shows how often individuals connect to our global Wi-Fi network in a given period. The connects include retail and wholesale customers in both customer pay locations and customer free locations where we are a paid service provider or receive sponsorship or promotion fees. We count each connect as a single connect regardless of how many times that individual accesses the network at a given venue during their 24 hour period. This measure is an indicator of paid activity throughout our network.

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        DAS nodes.    This metric represents the number of active DAS nodes as of the end of the period. A DAS node is a single communications endpoint, typically an antenna, which transmits or receives radio frequency signals wirelessly. This measure is an indicator of the reach of our DAS network.

Key Components of our Results of Operations

Revenue

        Our revenue consists of retail revenue, military revenue, wholesale revenue, and advertising and other revenue. In 2014, we updated our presentation of revenue sources to provide increased visibility into the revenue streams that are the focus of our current and future operational and development efforts. Our retail revenue sources were previously differentiated based on our retail plan types—subscription or single-use. We believe that it would be more relevant to differentiate our individual users based on the nature of the users—retail users who purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations or military users who purchase Internet access and/or IPTV services for individual use on U.S. military bases. We also previously combined our wholesale DAS and Wi-Fi revenues and we believe that it would be better to disaggregate these wholesale product revenues going forward by DAS and Wi-Fi given the current development of these products. As a result, we have also reclassified our 2013 and 2012 revenues by primary revenue source for comparability purposes.

        Retail and military.    We generate revenue from sales to retail and military individuals of month-to-month network access subscriptions that automatically renew, primarily through charge card transactions. We also generate revenue from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access to retail and military individuals primarily through charge card transactions.

        DAS.    We generate revenue from telecom operator partners that pay us build-out fees and access fees for our DAS networks.

        Wholesale—Wi-Fi.    We generate revenue from wholesale Wi-Fi partners that license our software and pay usage-based monthly network access fees to allow their customers to access our global Wi-Fi network. Usage-based network access fees may be measured in minutes, connects, megabytes or gigabytes, and in most cases are subject to minimum volume commitments. Other wholesale Wi-Fi partners pay us monthly fees to provide a Wi-Fi infrastructure that we install, manage and operate at their venues for their customers under a service provider arrangement.

        Advertising and other.    We generate revenue from advertisers that seek to reach visitors to our landing pages at our managed and operated network locations with online advertising, promotional and sponsored programs and at locations where we solely provide authorized access to a partner's Wi-Fi network through sponsored access and promotional programs. In addition, we receive revenue from partners in certain venues where we manage and operate the Wi-Fi network.

        For the year ended December 31, 2014, entities affiliated with AT&T Inc. accounted for 15% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2013, two groups of entities affiliated with Verizon Communications, Inc. and AT&T Inc. each accounted for 14% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2012, those same two groups of affiliated entities accounted for 17% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. The loss of these groups and the customers could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated statements of operations.

Costs and Operating Expenses

        We classify our costs and operating expenses as network access, network operations, development and technology, selling and marketing, general and administrative, and amortization of intangible assets. Network access costs consist primarily of payments to venues and network partners in our network.

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Other costs and operating expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, costs for contracted labor and development, marketing, legal, accounting and consulting services, and other professional service fees. Personnel costs include salaries, bonuses, stock-based compensation and employee benefits. Facilities costs and depreciation expenses are generally allocated based on headcount. Depreciation and amortization expenses associated with specifically identifiable property and equipment are allocated to the appropriate expense categories.

        Network access.    Network access costs consist of revenue share payments to venue owners where our managed and operated hotspots are located, usage-based fees to our roaming network partners for access to their networks, depreciation of equipment related to network build-out projects in our managed and operated locations, sale of equipment, and bandwidth and other Internet connectivity expenses in our managed and operated locations.

        Network operations.    Network operations expenses consist of costs for our customer service department and for our operations staff that designs, builds, monitors and maintains the network. Also included are expenses for our customer service provider that handles customer care inquiries and expenses for network operations contractors, equipment depreciation and software and hardware maintenance fees.

        Development and technology.    Development and technology expenses consist of costs for our product development and engineering departments, developers and our information systems services staff, depreciation of our equipment and internal-use software, and software and hardware maintenance fees.

        Selling and marketing.    Selling and marketing expenses consist of costs for our business development and marketing employees and executives, travel and entertainment and marketing programs.

        General and administrative.    General and administrative expenses consist of costs for our executive, finance and accounting, legal and human resources personnel, as well as legal, accounting, tax and other professional service fees. Also included are other corporate expenses such as charge card processing fees and bad debt expense.

        Amortization of intangible assets.    Amortization of intangible assets consists primarily of acquired venue contracts, technology and non-compete agreements.

Interest and Other (Expense) Income, Net

        Interest and other (expense) income, net, primarily consist of interest income and expense.

Income Tax Expense

        In 2013, we established a full valuation allowance as a result of our assessment that it was more likely than not that certain federal and state deferred tax assets would not be realized and we have continued to maintain the full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2014. In 2013, income tax expense includes $2.4 million of tax expense related to increases in our valuation allowance. $1.9 million of the increase relates to additional valuation allowances that were established as a result of our assessment that it was more likely than not that certain federal and state deferred tax assets would not be realized. In 2012, as a result of our federal net operating loss carryforwards, our income taxes include only state income taxes and federal alternative minimum taxes.

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Non-controlling Interests

        Non-controlling interests are comprised of minority holdings by third parties in our subsidiaries Concourse Communications Detroit, LLC ("CCG Detroit"), Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC ("CCDG"), and Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. ("BHPL").

        We attributed profits and losses to the non-controlling interest in CCG Detroit under the terms of the limited liability company agreement. CCG Detroit has generated losses over the last several years which have reduced the non-controlling owners capital account to zero in 2009 resulting in an allocation to the controlling interest holder of all operating losses and deficits created by fixed distributions to the non-controlling interest holder. The fixed distributions were terminated during September 2013 concurrent with the termination of CCG Detroit's agreement with Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport.

        We are required to pay a portion of allocated net profits less capital expenditures of the preceding year to the non-controlling interest holders of CCDG. The limited liability company agreement for CCDG does not have a term. CCDG can be dissolved upon the unanimous agreement of the members, upon the sale of CCDG, upon declaration of bankruptcy, or upon the termination of the license agreement between CCDG and the City of Chicago.

        We attributed profits and losses to the non-controlling interest in BHPL under the terms of the limited liability company agreement in proportion to their holdings. The limited liability company agreement with BHPL does not have a term. We, by resolution of the members, may distribute profits against retained earnings or profit reserves existing on the most recent annual balance sheet or may draw up financial statements and distribute profits in shorter periods. BHPL can be dissolved by resolution of the members and as otherwise provided for by law.

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Results of Operations

        The following tables set forth our results of operations for the specified periods.

Depreciation and amortization expense

        Depreciation expense increased $8.5 million, or 44.9%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to increased depreciation and amortization expense from our increased fixed assets for our DAS projects, Wi-Fi networks, and software development in 2014.

        Depreciation expense increased $3.0 million, or 18.7%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to increased depreciation and amortization expense from our increased fixed assets for our DAS projects, Wi-Fi networks, and software development in 2013. The increase in 2013 was offset by $1.3 million from a short term DAS build-out project that was completed during 2012. Depreciation expense included $0.1 million of expenses related to AWG, which was acquired in October 2013.

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Stock-based compensation expense

        Stock-based compensation expense increased $2.7 million, or 59.0%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $2.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses for RSUs granted to our employees and directors in 2014. We are shifting our share-based compensation from stock options to RSUs, which generally vest over a specified service period. During 2014, we also issued performance-based RSUs to executive personnel. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs when we believe that it is probable that the performance objectives will be met.

        Stock-based compensation expense increased $1.8 million, or 64.8%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to $1.8 million of stock-based compensation expenses for RSUs granted to our employees and directors in 2013.

        The following table sets forth our results of operations for the specified periods as a percentage of our revenue for those periods.

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Years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013

Revenue

        Retail.    Retail revenue decreased $2.9 million, or 6.6%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $2.3 million decrease in retail subscriber revenue, which was driven primarily by the decrease in retail subscribers. Our average revenue per retail subscriber remained essentially the same in 2014 as compared to 2013. The remaining decrease was attributable to a $0.6 million decrease in retail single-use revenue resulting from the transition of certain paid managed and operated locations to a tiered or free pricing model. Retail revenue for 2014 and 2013 includes $2.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, of retail single-use revenue related to venues acquired from AWG in October 2013.

        DAS.    DAS revenue increased $5.6 million, or 17.1%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, due to a $3.3 million increase from new build-out projects in our managed and operated locations and a $2.3 million increase in access fees from our telecom operators resulting primarily from the new build-out projects that were completed.

        Wholesale—Wi-Fi.    Wholesale Wi-Fi revenue decreased $2.1 million, or 11.9%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, due to a $3.5 million decrease in partner usage based fees, which was partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in wholesale service provider revenues resulting from increased deployments and $0.7 million in revenue from a Wi-Fi build-out project that was completed in 2014.

        Military.    Military revenue increased $3.2 million, or 256.0%, in 2014, as compared to 2013 due to deployments of our Wi-Fi and IPTV networks at U.S. military bases during 2014.

        Advertising and other.    Advertising and other revenue increased $8.7 million, or 70.1%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $9.3 million increase in the volume of advertising sales at our managed and operated locations. The increase was partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in other revenues. Advertising revenue for 2014 and 2013 includes $8.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, of advertising sales at the venues acquired from AWG in October 2013.

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Costs and Operating Expenses

        Network access.    Network access costs increased $12.2 million, or 25.8%, in 2014, as compared to 2013. The increase is primarily attributed to a $9.2 million increase in revenue share paid to venues in our managed and operated locations, which includes a one-time $1.9 million cost to terminate one of our venue contracts, a $5.4 million increase in depreciation expense, and a $3.2 million increase in internet connectivity expenses. The increases were partially offset by a $3.1 million decrease from customer usage at partner venues and a $2.5 million decrease in other direct costs. Other direct costs for 2014 include $0.4 million of costs related to a Wi-Fi build out project.

        Network operations.    Network operations expenses increased $7.1 million, or 38.4%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $3.9 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses, primarily resulting from increased headcount, a $1.6 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.6 million increase in network maintenance expenses, a $0.3 million increase in travel and entertainment expenses, a $0.3 million increase in hardware and software maintenance expenses, a $0.3 million increase in call center expenses, and a $0.1 million increase in rent and other expenses.

        Development and technology.    Development and technology expenses increased $3.4 million, or 30.2%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $1.4 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.7 million increase in hardware and software maintenance expenses, a $0.4 million impairment loss related to a change in the use of certain software developed for internal use, a $0.4 million increase in technology service expenses, and a $0.5 million increase in other operating expenses.

        Selling and marketing.    Selling and marketing expenses increased $2.1 million, or 15.0%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to a $3.1 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $1.0 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses, primarily resulting from increased headcount and higher sales commissions related to our increased advertising sales. The increase was partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in marketing related expenses.

        General and administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased $2.4 million, or 15.9%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, due to a $1.8 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $1.0 million increase in stock- based compensation expenses, a $0.3 million increase in consulting expenses, and a $0.3 million increase in rent and facilities expenses. General and administrative expenses includes a $0.5 million impairment loss related to a venue termination agreement that resulted in the abandonment of our Wi-Fi network assets and the release of the corresponding capital lease obligations associated with those assets. General and administrative expenses also includes a $0.8 million decrease in the fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities related to our acquisition of Endeka Group, Inc. ("Endeka") in February 2013.

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        Amortization of intangible assets.    Amortization of intangible assets expense increased $1.5 million, or 65.2%, in 2014, as compared to 2013, due primarily to our acquisitions of Endeka and AWG in February 2013 and October 2013, respectively. For future years, amortization expense is expected to be $3.5 million for 2015, $3.5 million for 2016, $3.2 million for 2017, $2.4 million for 2018, $1.6 million for 2019 and $5.5 million thereafter.

Interest and Other (Expense) Income, Net

        Interest and other (expense) income, net, decreased $0.1 million in 2014, as compared to 2013, primarily due to our lower cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities balances during 2014 as compared to 2013 and interest expense related to our new Credit Agreement, which we entered into on November 21, 2014.

Income Tax Expense

        Income tax expense decreased $0.8 million, or 52.1%, in 2014, as compared to 2013. Our effective tax rate decreased to 3.9% for 2014 compared to 78.7% for 2013 due primarily to the valuation allowance we established at year end in 2013.

        Our future effective tax rate depends on various factors, such as our level of future taxable income, tax legislation and credits and the geographic compositions of our pre-tax income. We do not expect to incur any significant income taxes until such time that we reverse our valuation allowance against our federal and state deferred tax assets upon return to sustained profitability.

Non-controlling Interests

        Non-controlling interests remained essentially unchanged in 2014, as compared to 2013.

Years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012

Revenue

        Retail.    Retail revenue decreased $3.0 million, or 6.4%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to a $3.6 million decrease in retail single-use revenue, which is attributable to the transition of certain paid managed and operated locations to a tiered or free pricing model, the loss of certain paid

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managed and operated locations, and an increase in new customers that opted for subscriptions. The decrease was partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in retail subscriber revenues resulting primarily from the increase in retail subscribers, which was partially offset by a decrease in our average monthly revenue per retail subscriber in 2013 as compared to 2012. Retail single-use revenue included $0.4 million of revenues related to the venues acquired from AWG in October 2013.

        DAS.    DAS revenue increased $1.9 million, or 6.3%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, due to a $1.9 million increase in new build-out projects in our managed and operated locations, which included a $2.5 million short term build-out project that included the sale of equipment and was completed during 2013.

        Wholesale—Wi-Fi.    Wholesale Wi-Fi revenue decreased $1.5 million, or 7.9%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, due to a $3.5 million decrease in partner usage based fees, which was partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in wholesale service provider revenues resulting from increased deployments.

        Military.    Military revenue increased $1.3 million in 2013 as a result of our acquisition of Endeka in February 2013.

        Advertising and other.    Advertising and other revenue increased $5.5 million, or 79.9%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, due to a $5.3 million increase in advertising revenues from our advertising business that resulted from the assets acquired from Cloud 9 Wireless, Inc. ("Cloud 9") in August 2012 and $1.1 million of advertising revenues related to the venues acquired from AWG in October 2013. The increase was offset by a $0.9 million decrease in other revenues.

Costs and Operating Expenses

        Network access.    Network access costs increased $5.0 million, or 11.7%, in 2013, as compared to 2012. The increase was primarily attributed to a $3.5 million increase in revenue share paid to venues in our managed and operated locations, a $2.6 million increase in costs associated with the sale of equipment for build-out projects for wholesale service providers and our short term build-out projects, a $0.7 million increase in depreciation expense, and a $0.6 million increase in other cost of sales. The increases were partially offset by a $1.3 million decrease from a short term DAS build-out project that was completed in 2012, a $0.6 million decrease in bandwidth costs and a $0.6 million decrease from customer usage at partner venues. Network access expense included $1.0 million of expenses related to venues acquired from AWG in October 2013.

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        Network operations.    Network operations expenses increased $3.9 million, or 26.6%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses, primarily resulting from increased headcount, a $1.2 million increase in depreciation expense, a $0.2 million increase in rent and other allocated administrative expenses, a $0.2 million increase in hardware and software maintenance expenses, and a $0.6 million increase in recruiting, internet connectivity, network maintenance, consulting and travel and entertainment expenses. Network operations expense included $0.3 million of expenses related to AWG, which was acquired in October 2013.

        Development and technology.    Development and technology expenses increased $0.7 million, or 6.1%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to a $0.9 million increase in depreciation expense and a $0.4 million increase in hardware and software maintenance expenses. The increases were partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in recruiting expenses, a $0.2 million decrease in personnel related expenses, and a $0.2 million decrease in consulting expenses.

        Selling and marketing.    Selling and marketing expenses increased $4.0 million, or 38.9%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to a $3.2 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $0.5 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses, primarily resulting from increased headcount and incentive compensation, a $0.4 million increase in travel and entertainment expenses, and a $0.3 million increase in rent and facilities, hardware and software maintenance and depreciation expenses. Selling and marketing expenses included $0.1 million of expenses related to AWG, which was acquired in October 2013.

        General and administrative.    General and administrative expenses increased $2.4 million, or 18.6%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in professional fees, a $0.8 million increase in personnel related expenses, inclusive of a $0.7 million increase in stock- based compensation expenses, and a $0.2 million increase in recruiting expenses. The increases were partially offset by a $0.3 million decrease in other expenses. General and administrative expenses included $0.1 million of expenses related to AWG, which was acquired in October 2013.

        Amortization of intangible assets.    Amortization of intangible assets expense increased $1.1 million, or 104.0%, in 2013, as compared to 2012, due to our acquisitions of Cloud 9, Endeka, and AWG in August 2012, February 2013, and October 2013, respectively.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

        Interest and other income (expense), net, decreased $0.1 million in 2013, as compared to 2012, primarily due to our lower cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities balances during 2013 as compared to 2012.

Income Tax Expense

        Income tax expense decreased $1.5 million, or 50.7%, in 2013, as compared to 2012. Our 2013 income tax expense included $1.9 million of tax expense associated with the establishment of a valuation allowance against our federal and state deferred tax assets.

Non-controlling Interests

        Non-controlling interests remained essentially unchanged in 2013, as compared to 2012.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

        We have financed our operations primarily through cash provided by operating activities. Our primary sources of liquidity as of December 31, 2014 consisted of $8.8 million of cash and cash

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equivalents and $1.6 million of marketable securities. As of December 31, 2014, we also have $46.5 million available for borrowing under our credit facility.

        Our principal uses of liquidity have been to fund our operations, working capital requirements, capital expenditures and acquisitions. We expect that these requirements will be our principal needs for liquidity over the near term. Our capital expenditures in 2014 were $70.9 million, of which $32.6 million was reimbursed through revenue for DAS build-out projects from our telecom operators.

        On November 21, 2014, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") and related agreements with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein, including Bank of America, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank (the "Lenders"), for a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit in the initial amount of up to $46.5 million, with an option to increase the available amount to $86.5 million upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (the "Revolving Line of Credit") and a term loan of $3.5 million (the "Term Loan" and together with the Revolving Line of Credit, the "Credit Facility"). Both the Term Loan and Revolving Line of Credit mature on November 21, 2018. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan will bear, at the Company's election, a variable interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender's Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year and we will pay a fee of 0.375% - 0.5% per year on any unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit. As of December 31, 2014, $3.5 million was outstanding under the Term Loan at a rate of 2.7%. The Term Loan requires quarterly payments of interest and principal, amortizing fully over the four-year-term such that it is repaid in full on the maturity date of November 21, 2018. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representation, warranties and covenants made in the Credit Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein, and under other specific default events including, but not limited to, non-payment or inability to pay debt, breach of cross default provisions, insolvency provisions, and change in control.

        The Company is subject to customary covenants, including a minimum quarterly consolidated leverage ratio, a maximum quarterly consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, and monthly liquidity minimums. The Company was in compliance with all such financial covenants as of December 31, 2014 and through the date of this filing. The Company is also subject to certain non-financial covenants, and the Company was also in compliance with all such non-financial covenants as of December 31, 2014 and through the date of this filing. The new Credit Facility provides us with significant additional flexibility and liquidity to pursue our strategic objectives for capital expenditures and acquisitions.

        We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, working capital, debt financing, and our cash flow from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations, planned capital expenditures and potential acquisitions for at least the next 12 months. There can be no assurance, however, that future industry-specific or other developments, general economic trends, or other matters will not adversely affect our operations or our ability to meet our future cash requirements. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and size of our managed and operated location expansion efforts, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the timing of introductions of new solutions and enhancements to existing solutions and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions. We expect our capital expenditures in 2015 will range from $40.0 million to $50.0 million, excluding capital expenditures for DAS build-out projects which are reimbursed through revenue from our telecom operators. The majority of our 2015 capital expenditures will be used to build out broadband and IPTV networks for troops stationed on U.S. military bases pursuant to our contracts with the U.S. government and upgrading our Wi-Fi networks at our managed and operated venues. The investment of these resources will occur in advance of experiencing any direct benefit from them including generation of revenues. The U.S. government may modify, curtail or terminate its contracts with us, either at its convenience or for default based on performance. Any such modification, curtailment, or termination of one or more of our government contracts could have a material adverse effect on our earnings, cash flow and/or financial position. We

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may also enter into acquisitions of complementary businesses, applications or technologies which could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Additional funds may not be available on terms favorable to us, or at all.

        The following table sets forth cash flow data for the periods indicated therein:

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

        In 2014, we generated $21.2 million of net cash from operating activities, an increase of $0.5 million from 2013. The increase is primarily due to a $16.6 million increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities and deferred revenue in 2014 compared to a $1.9 million decrease in 2013, a $10.0 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses in 2014, a $2.7 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses in 2014, and a $1.0 million impairment loss in 2014. The increases were partially offset by a $15.4 million increase in our net loss including non-controlling interests from the prior year, a $9.0 million larger increase in accounts receivable in 2014 compared to 2013, a $1.9 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets in 2014 compared to a $1.6 million decrease in 2013, a $2.0 million larger decrease in accounts payable in 2014 compared to 2013, a $1.1 million decrease in the change in deferred tax assets, and a $0.4 million increase in the change in fair value of contingent consideration.

        In 2013, we generated $20.7 million of net cash from operating activities, a decrease of $3.9 million from 2012. The decrease is primarily due to an $11.0 million decrease in our net income including non-controlling interests from the prior year and a $1.9 million decrease in excess windfall tax benefits from stock option exercises. The decreases were partially offset by a $4.1 million increase in depreciation and amortization expenses in 2013, a $1.6 million decrease in prepaids and other assets in 2013 compared to a $0.3 million increase in prepaids and other assets in 2012, a $1.8 million increase in stock-based compensation expenses in 2013, and a $1.2 million smaller decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities in 2013 compared to 2012.

        In 2012, we generated $24.6 million in cash from operating activities, a decrease of $4.9 million from 2011, which was primarily due to a $4.5 million increase in accounts receivable and other assets, a $2.2 million decrease in deferred revenues, a $1.5 million decrease in accounts payable and accrued expenses and a $1.8 million decrease in deferred taxes. These changes were offset by $1.8 million in excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, a $2.2 million increase in non-cash charges for depreciation, amortization and stock compensation and a $1.1 million increase in net income.

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

        In 2014, we used $39.2 million in investing activities, a decrease of $1.2 million from 2013. The decrease was primarily due to a $22.8 million increase in cash received from net sales of marketable securities in 2014 compared to 2013, a $19.3 million decrease in cash used in acquisitions in 2014 compared to 2013, and a $0.5 million decrease in restricted cash. The decreases were partially offset by a $41.4 million increase in purchases of property and equipment in 2014 compared to 2013..

        In 2013, we used $40.4 million in investing activities, a decrease of $22.1 million from 2012. The decrease was primarily due to $8.6 million of cash received from net sales of marketable securities in 2013 compared to $41.6 million of cash used in net purchases of marketable securities in 2012. The

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decrease was offset by an $11.5 million increase in purchases of property and equipment in 2013 compared to 2012 and $19.5 million in net cash payments made for our acquisitions of Endeka and AWG in 2013 compared to the $3.2 million of cash payments made for our acquisition of Cloud 9 in 2012.

        In 2012, we used $62.5 million in investing activities. Our investing activities in 2012 included net purchases of $41.6 million of marketable securities, $18.0 million of purchases of property and equipment primarily related to DAS build-out projects in our managed and operated locations, net payment of $3.2 million for acquired assets and $0.1 million of payments for patents, trademarks and domain. These uses of cash were partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in restricted cash.

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities

        In 2014, we used $0.5 million in financing activities, a decrease of $10.6 million from 2013. The decrease was primarily due to $10.9 million of cash used to repay notes payable and other financed liabilities that were assumed in our acquisition of Endeka and cash used to repurchase shares of our common stock in the open market in 2013 that did not recur in 2014, $2.8 million of proceeds received from our Credit Facility, net of deferred financing costs that were paid, and a $0.5 million increase in proceeds from the exercise of stock options in 2014 compared to 2013. The decreases were partially offset by a $1.9 million increase in cash used to pay minimum statutory taxes related to our time-based RSUs that vested during 2014, $1.3 million of cash used to pay continent liabilities and other acquisition related consideration during 2014, and a $0.4 million increase in cash paid for capital leases and notes payable.

        In 2013, we used $11.1 million in financing activities compared to cash provided by financing activities of $2.1 million in 2012. The change was primarily due to $6.1 million of cash used to repay notes payable and other financed liabilities that were assumed in our acquisition of Endeka in 2013, the $4.8 million of cash used to repurchase and retire approximately 722,000 shares of our common stock in the open market under our stock repurchase program at an average price per share of $6.68 in 2013, and a $2.0 million decrease in proceeds from the exercise of stock options in 2013 compared to 2012.

        In 2012, we generated $2.0 million in financing activities. This was primarily due to $2.6 million in proceeds from the exercise of stock options and $0.4 million of excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, partially offset by payments to non-controlling interests of $0.7 million and payments of capital leases of $0.2 million.

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Contractual Obligations and Commitments

        The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments as of December 31, 2014:

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

        We do not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements and we do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, which have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Transactions with Related Parties

        Under our Audit Committee charter, our Audit Committee is responsible for reviewing and approving all related party transactions on a quarterly basis. In addition, our Board of Directors determines annually whether any related party relationships exist among the directors which would interfere with the judgment of individual directors in carrying out his responsibilities as director.

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Inflation

        Inflationary factors have not had a significant effect on our performance over the past several years. A significant increase in inflation may affect our future performance since we may not be able to recover the increases in our costs with similar increases in our prices.

Item 7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

        We are exposed to various market risks including: (i) investment portfolio risk, (ii) interest rate risk and (iii) currency exchange rate risk. The risk of loss is assessed based on the likelihood of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows or future earnings.

        Investment portfolio risk.    We have established guidelines relative to the diversification and maturities of investments to maintain safety and liquidity. These guidelines are reviewed periodically and may be modified depending on market conditions. Although investments may be subject to credit risk, our investment policy specifies credit quality standards for our investments and limits the amount of credit exposure from any single issue, issuer or type of investment. At December 31, 2014, our market risk sensitive instruments consisted of marketable securities available-for-sale, which are comprised of highly rated short-term corporate bonds.

        Marketable securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value and are intended for use in meeting our ongoing liquidity needs. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities, which are deemed to be temporary, are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity, net of tax. Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities have not been significant. The cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. The amortization, along with realized gains and losses is included in interest and other (expense) income, net.

        Interest rate risk.    Our Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan bears, at the Company's election, interest at a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender's Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year. The interest rate on the Term Loan resets at the end of each three month period. Our use of variable rate debt exposes us to interest rate risk. A 100 basis point increase in the LIBOR or Lender's Prime Rate as of December 31, 2014 would not have a material impact on net (loss) income and cash flow.

        Foreign currency exchange rate risk.    We are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate risk inherent in conducting business globally in numerous currencies, of which the most significant to our operations for the year ended December 31, 2014 was the Brazilian Real. We are primarily exposed to foreign currency fluctuations related to the operations of our subsidiary in Brazil whose financial statements are not denominated in the U.S. Dollar. Our foreign operations are not material to our operations as a whole. As such, we currently do not enter into currency forward exchange or option contracts to hedge foreign currency exposures.

Item 8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

        The information required by this Item is included in Part IV, Items 15(a)(1) and (2) of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

        None.

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Item 9A.    Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is processed, recorded, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include, among other processes, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

        The Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2014 pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. Based upon that evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report.

Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

        Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting at the Company. Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company's financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

•

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;



•

provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and the directors of the company; and



•

provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the certifying officers, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014 based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Management's assessment included an evaluation of the design of the Company's internal

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control over financial reporting and testing of the operational effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting.

        Based on this assessment, management determined that, as of December 31, 2014, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. The registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report has also issued an audit report on the Company's internal control over financial reporting. The Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm is filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K in a separate section following Part IV, as shown on the index under Item 15 of this Annual Report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

        There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2014.

Item 9B.    Other Information

        None.

PART III

Item 10.    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

        The information required by Item 10 will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the caption "Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance" and "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance," to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference.

Item 11.    Executive Compensation

        The Company maintains employee benefit plans and programs in which its executive officers are participants. Copies of certain of these plans and programs are set forth or incorporated by reference as Exhibits to this report. Information required by Item 11 will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the captions "Director Compensation," "Executive Compensation," "Compensation Discussion and Analysis," and "Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance," to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference.

Item 12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

        The information required by Item 12 will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the caption "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management," to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference. The information required to be disclosed by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K regarding our equity securities authorized for issuance under our equity incentive plans is incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans" in our definitive Proxy Statement for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A.

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Item 13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

        The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K regarding transactions with related persons, promoters and certain control persons, if any, will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the caption "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions" to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference. The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K regarding director independence will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the caption "Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance—Corporate Governance and Board Matters -Independence of the Board of Directors," to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference.

Item 14.    Principal Accounting Fees and Services

        The information required by Item 14 will be included in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement under the caption "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" to be filed with the Commission within 120 days after the end of fiscal year 2014 pursuant to Regulation 14A, which information is incorporated herein by this reference.

PART IV

Item 15.    Exhibits

        (a)   The following documents are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

        (1)(2)  Financial Statements.    The following consolidated financial statements of Boingo Wireless, Inc., and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-1. The Exhibits begin on page F-32.

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

        All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the Company's consolidated financial statements or the related notes thereto.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Boingo Wireless, Inc.

        In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Boingo Wireless, Inc. and its subsidiaries ("Company") at December 31, 2014 and 2013, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2014 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2014, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Los Angeles, California
March 16, 2015

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F-3

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands)

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(In thousands)

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

   

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

1. The business

        Boingo Wireless, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively "we, "us", "our" or "the Company") is a leading global provider of mobile Internet solutions for smartphones, tablet computers, laptops, and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. The Company has more than a million small cell networks for cellular distributed antenna system ("DAS") and Wi-Fi access that reach more than one billion consumers annually. Boingo Wireless, Inc. was incorporated in April 16, 2001 in the State of Delaware. We have a diverse monetization model that enables us to generate revenues from wholesale partnerships, retail sales, and advertising across these small cell networks. Wholesale offerings include Wi-Fi roaming, private label Wi-Fi, location based services, and DAS, which are cellular extension networks. Retail products include Wi-Fi subscriptions and day passes that provide access to more than one million commercial hotspots worldwide, and Internet Protocol television ("IPTV") services and broadband for military barracks. Advertising revenue is driven by Wi-Fi sponsorships at airports, hotels, cafes and restaurants, and public spaces. Our customers include some of the world's largest carriers, telecommunications service providers and global consumer brands, as well as Internet savvy consumers on the go and troops stationed at U.S. military bases.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

Basis of presentation and consolidation

        Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").

        The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our majority owned subsidiaries. We consolidate our 70% ownership of Concourse Communications Detroit, LLC, our 70% ownership of Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC and our 75% ownership of Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda. in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation. Other parties' interests in consolidated entities are reported as non-controlling interests. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

        During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company recorded certain out-of-period adjustments that decreased net loss attributable to common stockholders by $217. The impact of these out-of-period adjustments is not considered material, individually and in the aggregate, to any of the current or prior annual periods.

Use of estimates

        The preparation of accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the accompanying consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Assets and liabilities which are subject to significant judgment and the use of estimates include the allowance for doubtful accounts, recoverability of goodwill and long-lived assets, valuation allowances with respect to deferred tax assets, uncertain tax positions, useful lives associated with property and equipment, valuation and useful lives of intangible assets, valuation of contingent consideration, and the valuation and assumptions underlying stock-based

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

compensation and other equity instruments. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates compared to historical experience and trends, which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities.

Concentrations of credit risk

        Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and marketable securities with institutions with high credit ratings. We extend credit based upon the evaluation of the customer's financial condition and generally collateral is not required. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon expected collectability of accounts receivable. We primarily estimate our allowance for doubtful accounts based on a specific review of significant outstanding accounts receivable. For the year ended December 31, 2014, one group of affiliated entities accounted for 15% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2013, two groups of affiliated entities each accounted for 14% of total revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2012, those same two groups of affiliated entities accounted for 17% and 15% of total revenue, respectively. At December 31, 2014, two groups of affiliated entities accounted for 30% and 17% of the total accounts receivable, respectively. At December 31, 2013, one group of affiliated entities accounted for 12% of the total accounts receivable.

Cash and cash equivalents

        Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash with original maturities of three months or less when acquired. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, cash equivalents consisted of money market funds.

Marketable securities

        Our marketable securities consist of available-for-sale securities with original maturities exceeding three months. In accordance with FASB ASC 320, Investments—Debt and Equity Securities, we have classified securities, which have readily determinable fair values and are highly liquid, as short-term because such securities are expected to be realized within a one- year period. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had $1,614 and $32,962, respectively, in marketable securities.

        Marketable securities are reported at fair value with the related unrealized gains and losses reported as other comprehensive income (loss) until realized or until a determination is made that an other-than-temporary decline in market value has occurred. No significant unrealized gains and losses have been reported during the years presented. Factors considered by us in assessing whether an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred include the nature of the investment, whether the decline in fair value is attributable to specific adverse conditions affecting the investment, the financial condition of the investee, the severity and the duration of the impairment and whether we have the ability to hold the investment to maturity. When it is determined that an other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, the investment is written down to its market value at the end of the period in which it is determined that an other-than-temporary decline has occurred. The cost of marketable securities sold is based upon the specific identification method. Any realized gains or losses on the sale of investments are reflected as a component of interest and other (expense) income, net.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

        For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we had no significant realized or unrealized gains or losses from investments in marketable securities classified as available-for-sale. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had no unrealized gains or losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Restricted cash

        Restricted cash consists of letters of credit with our landlords, municipalities or venues for which we have operating agreements. Letters of credit are supported by cash deposits made by us and invested into bank certificates of deposit. At December 31, 2014, we had no restricted cash. At December 31, 2013, we had $545 classified as short-term restricted cash and no long-term restricted cash.

Fair value of financial instruments

        Fair value is defined as the price that would be received from selling an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact, and we consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

        The accounting guidance for fair value measurement also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the level of independent, objective evidence surrounding the inputs used to measure fair value. A financial instrument's categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

•

Level 1—Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.



•

Level 2—Quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or financial instruments for which significant inputs are observable, either directly or indirectly.



•

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

        The carrying amount reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these financial instruments.

        As of December 31, 2014, the carrying amount reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets for the current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt approximates fair value based on the variable nature of the interest rates and the proximity to the issuance date.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

Business combinations

        The results of businesses acquired in a business combination are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements from the date of the acquisition. Purchase accounting results in assets and liabilities of an acquired business being recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. Any excess consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.

        The Company performs valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed from a business acquisition and will allocate the purchase price to its respective net tangible and intangible assets. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenues and cash flows, discount rates, royalty rates and selection of comparable companies. The Company engages the assistance of valuation specialists in concluding on fair value measurements in connection with fair values of assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination.

        Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred, and are included in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no transaction costs for the year ended December 31, 2014. Transaction costs were $354 and $50 for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Property and equipment

        Property and equipment are generally stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Company's cost basis includes property and equipment acquired in business combinations that were initially recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred and the cost of additions and betterments that increase the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Depreciation and amortization is computed over the estimated useful lives of the related asset type using the straight-line method.

        The estimated useful lives for property and equipment are as follows:

        Leasehold improvements are principally comprised of network equipment located at various managed and operated locations, primarily airports, under exclusive, long-term, non-cancelable contracts to provide wireless communication network access.

Equipment and software under capital lease

        We lease certain data communications equipment, other equipment and software under capital lease agreements. The assets and liabilities under capital lease are recorded at the lesser of the present

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

value of aggregate future minimum lease payments, including estimated bargain purchase options, or the fair value of the asset under lease. Assets under capital lease are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the term of the lease agreements.

Software development costs

        We capitalize costs associated with software developed or obtained for internal use when the preliminary project stage is completed and it is determined that the software will provide significantly enhanced capabilities and modifications. These capitalized costs are included in property and equipment and include external direct cost of services procured in developing or obtaining internal-use software and personnel and related expenses for employees who are directly associated with, and who devote time to internal-use software projects. Capitalization of these costs ceases once the project is substantially complete and the software is ready for its intended use. Once the software is ready for its intended use, the costs are amortized over the useful life of the software. Post-configuration training and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.

Long-lived assets

        Intangible assets consist of acquired venue contracts, technology, advertiser relationships, non-compete agreements and patents and trademarks. We record intangible assets at fair value as of the date of acquisition and amortize these finite-lived assets over the shorter of the contractual life or the estimated useful life on a straight-line basis. We estimate the useful lives of acquired intangible assets based on factors that include the planned use of each acquired intangible asset, the expected pattern of future cash flows to be derived from each acquired intangible asset and contractual periods specified in the related agreements. As such, we account for each of the venue contracts individually. We include amortization of acquired intangibles in amortization of intangible assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

        We perform an impairment review of long-lived assets held and used whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important that could trigger an impairment review include, but are not limited to: significant under-performance relative to projected future operating results, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or our overall business and product strategies and significant industry or economic trends. When we determine that the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of these indicators, we determine the recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the asset to net future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate or other indices of fair value. We would then recognize an impairment charge equal to the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair market value of the asset.

Goodwill

        Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired in connection with the acquisition of Concourse Communication Group, LLC in June 2006, Cloud 9 Wireless, Inc. in August 2012, Endeka Group, Inc. in February 2013, and Electronic Media Systems, Inc. and Advanced Wireless Group, LLC in October 2013.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

        We test goodwill for impairment in accordance with guidance provided by FASB ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"). Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that goodwill might be impaired. Events or changes in circumstances which could trigger an impairment review include a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, an adverse action or assessment by a regulator, unanticipated competition, a loss of key personnel, significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business, significant negative industry or economic trends, or significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future results of operations. We perform our impairment test annually as of December 31^st.

        Entities have the option to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test described in FASB ASC 350. If, after assessing qualitative factors, an entity determines it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then performing the two-step impairment test is unnecessary. If deemed necessary, a two-step test is used to identify the potential impairment and to measure the amount of goodwill impairment, if any. The first step is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill is considered not impaired; otherwise, there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired and the amount of the loss, if any, is measured by performing step two. Under step two, the impairment loss, if any, is measured by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of goodwill.

        Currently, we have one reporting unit, one operating segment and one reportable segment. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, all of the goodwill was attributed to our reporting unit. We tested our goodwill for impairment using a market based approach and no impairment was identified as the fair value of our reporting unit was substantially in excess of its carrying amount. To date, we have not recorded any goodwill impairment charges.

Revenue recognition

        We generate revenue from several sources including: (i) retail and military customers under subscription plans for month-to-month network access that automatically renew, and retail and military single-use access from sales of hourly, daily or other single-use access plans, (ii) DAS customers that are telecom operators under long-term contracts for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations, (iii) arrangements with wholesale Wi-Fi customers that provide software licensing, network access, and/or professional services fees, and (iv) display advertisements and sponsorships on our walled garden sign-in pages. Software licensed by our wholesale platform services customers can only be used during the term of the service arrangements and has no utility to them upon termination of the service arrangement.

        We recognize revenue when an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, fees are fixed or determinable, no significant obligations remain related to the earned fees and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

        Subscription fees from retail and military customers are paid monthly in advance and revenue is deferred for the portions of monthly recurring subscription fees collected in advance. We provide refunds for our retail and military services on a case-by-case basis. These amounts are not significant and are recorded as contra-revenue in the period the refunds are made. Subscription fee revenue is recognized ratably over the subscription period. Revenue generated from retail and military single-use access is recognized when access is provided.

        Revenue generated from access to our DAS networks consists of build-out fees and recurring access fees under certain long-term contracts with telecom operators. Build-out fees paid upfront are generally deferred and recognized ratably over the term of the estimated customer relationship period, once the build-out is complete. Periodically, we install and sell Wi-Fi and DAS networks to customers where we do not have service contracts or remaining obligations beyond the installation of those networks and we recognize build-out fees for such projects as revenue when the installation work is completed and the network has been accepted by the customer. Minimum monthly access fees for usage of the DAS networks are non-cancellable and generally escalate on an annual basis. These minimum monthly access fees are recognized ratably over the term of the telecom operator agreement. The initial term of our contracts with telecom operators generally range from five to ten years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue from DAS network access fees in excess of the monthly minimums is recognized when earned.

        Services provided to wholesale Wi-Fi partners generally contain several elements including: (i) a term license to use our software to access our Wi-Fi network, (ii) access fees for Wi-Fi network usage, and/or (iii) professional services for software integration and customization and to maintain the Wi-Fi service. The term license, monthly minimum network access fees and professional services are billed on a monthly basis based upon predetermined fixed rates. Once the term license for integration and customization are delivered, the fees from the arrangement are recognized ratably over the remaining term of the service arrangement. The initial term of the license agreements is generally between one to five years and the agreements generally contain renewal clauses. Revenue for Wi-Fi network access fees in excess of the monthly minimum amounts is recognized when earned. All elements within existing service arrangements are generally delivered and earned concurrently throughout the term of the respective service arrangement.

        In instances where the minimum monthly Wi-Fi and DAS network access fees escalate over the term of the wholesale service arrangement, an unbilled receivable is recognized when performance is within our control and when we have reasonable assurance that the unbilled receivable balance will be collected.

        We adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009- 13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605)—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements ("ASU 2009-13"), on a prospective basis on January 1, 2011. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into prior to January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, Revenue Recognition—Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements, we defer recognition of revenue for the full arrangement and recognize all revenue ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements, as we do not have evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements in the arrangement. For multiple-deliverable arrangements entered into or materially modified after January 1, 2011 that are accounted for under ASC 605-25, we evaluate

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

whether or not separate units of accounting exist and then allocate the arrangement consideration to all units of accounting based on the relative selling price method using estimated selling prices if vendor specific objective evidence and third party evidence is not available. We recognize the revenue associated with the separate units of accounting upon completion of such services or ratably over the wholesale service period for Wi-Fi platform service arrangements and the term of the estimated customer relationship period for DAS arrangements.

        Advertising revenue is generated from advertisements on our managed and operated or partner networks. In determining whether an arrangement exists, we ensure that a binding arrangement is in place, such as a standard insertion order or a fully executed customer-specific agreement. Obligations pursuant to our advertising revenue arrangements typically include a minimum number of units or the satisfaction of certain performance criteria. Advertising and other revenue is recognized when the services are performed.

Foreign currency translation

        Our Brazilian subsidiary uses the Brazilian Real as its functional currency. Assets and liabilities of our Brazilian subsidiary are translated to U.S. dollars at period-end rates of exchange, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing for each month. The resulting translation adjustments are made directly to a separate component of other comprehensive loss, which is reflected in stockholders' equity in our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, the Company had $(443) and $0, respectively, of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax, which was $0 as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013 due to the full valuation allowance established against our deferred tax assets, in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

        Some of our subsidiaries also enter into transactions and have monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in a currency other than the entities' respective functional currencies. Gains and losses from the revaluation of foreign currency transactions and monetary assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

Network access

        Network access costs consist primarily of revenue share payments to venue owners where our managed and operated hotspots are located, usage-based fees to our roaming network partners for access to their networks, depreciation of equipment related to network build-out projects in our managed and operated locations, and bandwidth and other Internet connectivity expenses in our managed and operated locations.

Advertising, marketing and promotion costs

        Advertising production costs are expensed the first time the advertisement is run. No advertising production costs were capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012. All other costs of advertising, marketing and promotion are expensed as incurred. Advertising expenses charged to operations totaled $1,350, $2,302 and $2,374 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

Stock-based compensation

        Our stock-based compensation consists of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSU") granted to employees and non-employees.

        We recognize stock-based compensation expense in accordance with guidance provided by FASB ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation ("ASC 718"). We measure employee stock-based compensation cost at grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognize the cost on a straight-line basis, net of estimated forfeitures, over the employee requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of stock options using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model requires input of assumptions regarding expected term, expected volatility, dividend yield, and a risk-free interest rate. The weighted average assumptions that were used to calculate the grant date fair value of our employee stock option grants for the following periods are as follows:

        The expected term of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding. In estimating the expected term for options granted to employees, we applied the simplified method from the Security Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") Topic 14, Share-Based Payment ("SAB Topic 14"), where options are granted at-the-money. Where options were not granted at-the-money, the expected term of employee stock options represents the weighted-average period that the stock options are expected to remain outstanding and is calculated based upon actual historical exercise and post-vesting cancellations, adjusted for expected future exercise behavior.

        We determined the fair value of common stock underlying the stock option awards by reference to third party sales of our common stock. We determined the expected volatility assumption using the frequency of daily historical prices of comparable public companies' common stock for a period equal to the expected term of the options in accordance with guidance in ASC 718 and SAB Topic 14. We will continue to monitor peer companies and other relevant factors, including our volatility after there is enough history, used to measure expected volatility for future stock option grants. The risk-free interest rate assumption is based upon observed interest rates on the United States government securities appropriate for the expected term of our employee stock options. The dividend yield assumption is based on our history and expectation of dividend payouts for which no cash dividends have been declared or paid on our common stock, and for which none are anticipated in the foreseeable future.

        As stock-based compensation expense recognized in our accompanying consolidated statements of operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, the amount has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary,

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Forfeitures were estimated based on our historical experience and future expectations.

        Compensation expense for non-employee stock-based awards is recognized in accordance with ASC 718 and FASB ASC 505, Equity. Stock option awards issued to non-employees are accounted for at fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Management believes that the fair value of the stock options is more reliably measured than the fair value of the services received. We record compensation expense based on the then-current fair value of the stock options at each financial reporting date. Compensation recorded during the service period is adjusted in subsequent periods for changes in the stock options' fair value until the earlier of the date at which the non-employee's performance is complete or a performance commitment is reached, which is generally when the stock award vests. We did not recognize any stock-based compensation for non-employee stock-based awards for the year ended December 31, 2014. There was $30 and $372 of stock-based compensation expense recognized for non-employee stock-based awards for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Income taxes

        We account for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future consequences of events that have been recognized in our accompanying consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The measurement of the deferred items is based on enacted tax laws. In the event the future consequences of differences between financial reporting bases and the tax bases of our assets and liabilities result in a deferred tax asset, ASC 740 requires an evaluation of the probability of being able to realize the future benefits indicated by such asset. A valuation allowance related to a deferred tax asset is recorded when it is more likely than not that some portion or the entire deferred tax asset will not be realized. As part of the process of preparing our accompanying consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We also assess temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting differences. We record a valuation allowance to reduce the deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit that is more likely than not to be realized.

        ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement methodology to recognize and measure an income tax position taken, or expected to be taken, in a tax return. The evaluation of a tax position is based on a two-step approach. The first step requires an entity to evaluate whether the tax position would "more likely than not" be sustained upon examination by the appropriate taxing authority. The second step requires the tax position be measured at the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In addition, previously recognized benefits from tax positions that no longer meet the new criteria would no longer be recognized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change occurs.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

Non-controlling interests

        Non-controlling interests are comprised of minority holdings in Concourse Communications Detroit, LLC ("CCG Detroit"), Chicago Concourse Development Group, LLC ("CCDG") and Boingo Holding Participacoes Ltda ("BHPL").

        Under the terms of the limited liability company ("LLC") agreement for CCG Detroit ("Detroit Operating Agreement") profits and losses are allocated to the controlling and non-controlling owners based on specified terms in the Detroit Operating Agreement which reflect the relative risk and reward of each owner. The profit and loss allocation in the Detroit Operating Agreement specifies that the non-controlling owners' allocated profits are limited to the fixed distribution amounts and losses are limited to the non-controlling owners capital account balance with losses in excess of their capital account being fully allocated to the controlling common unit holder. There is no specified term in the Detroit Operating Agreement, but the term of the annual fixed distribution obligation to the non-controlling owner is the same as the term of the venue agreement between CCG Detroit and Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport—which has a seven year initial term with options to extend for an additional four years. We allocate profits and losses in CCG Detroit based on the attribution in the Detroit Operating Agreement. CCG Detroit has generated losses which reduced the non-controlling owners capital account to zero in 2009 resulting in an allocation to the controlling interest holder all operating losses and deficits created by the annual fixed distributions to the non-controlling interest holder. The fixed distributions were terminated during September 2013 concurrent with the termination of CCG Detroit's agreement with Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, we made distributions of $48 and $121, respectively, to non-controlling interest holders of CCG Detroit.

        Under the terms of the LLC agreement for CCDG, we are required to distribute annually to the CCDG non-controlling interest holders 30% of allocated net profits less capital expenditures of the preceding year. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, we made distributions of $623, $560 and $557, respectively, to non-controlling interest holders of CCDG.

        BHPL was formed at the end of 2012. Under the terms of the LLC agreement for BHPL, we attributed profits and losses to the non-controlling interest in BHPL in proportion to their holdings. For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we made no distributions to the non-controlling interest holder of BHPL.

Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders

        Basic net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing (loss) income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders adjusts the basic weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the potential dilution that could occur if stock options and RSUs were exercised or converted into common stock. Our common stockholders are not entitled to receive any dividends.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

Segment and geographic information

        We operate as one reportable segment; a service provider of mobile Internet solutions across our managed and operated network and aggregated network for mobile devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablet computers and other wireless-enabled consumer devices. This single segment is consistent with the internal organization structure and the manner in which operations are reviewed and managed by our Chief Executive Officer, the chief operating decision maker.

        All significant long-lived tangible assets are held in the United States of America. We do not disclose sales by geographic area because to do so would be impracticable. In 2014, we updated our presentation of retail and wholesale revenue sources to provide increased visibility into the revenue streams that are the focus of our current and future operational and development efforts. Our retail revenue sources were previously differentiated based on our retail plan types—subscription or single-use. We believe that it would be more relevant to differentiate our individual users based on the nature of the users—retail users who purchase Internet access at our managed and operated hotspots and select partner locations or military users who purchase Internet access or IPTV services for individual use on U.S. military bases. We also previously combined our wholesale DAS and Wi-Fi revenues and we believe that it would be better to disaggregate these wholesale product revenues going forward by DAS and Wi-Fi given the current development of these products. The revenue sources are consistent with how our chief operating decision maker monitors and reviews our operations. As a result, we have also reclassified our 2013 and 2012 revenues by primary revenue source for comparability purposes.

        The following is a summary of our revenue by primary revenue source:

Recent accounting pronouncements

        In January 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-01, Simplifying Income Statement Presentation by Eliminating the Concept of Extraordinary Items, which eliminates the separate presentation of extraordinary items, net of tax and the related earnings per share, but does not affect the requirement to disclose material items that are unusual in nature or infrequently occurring. The standard will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

        In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, which explicitly requires management to assess an entity's ability to continue as a going concern in connection with each annual and interim period. Management will assess if there is substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year of the date the financial statements are issued. Disclosures will be required if conditions give rise to substantial doubt. The standard will be effective for the first annual period ending after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard.

        In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide That a Performance Target Could Be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period, which requires that a performance target that affects vesting and that could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value of the award. Compensation cost should be recognized in the period in which it becomes probable that the performance target will be achieved and should represent the compensation cost attributable to the period(s) for which the requisite service has already been rendered. If the performance target becomes probable of being achieved before the end of the requisite service period, the remaining unrecognized compensation cost should be recognized prospectively over the remaining requisite service period. The standard will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2015. Early adoption is permitted. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either prospectively or retrospectively. We do not expect that this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements as we have not issued any share-based payments with performance targets that could be achieved after the requisite service period.

        In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which is intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers between U.S. GAAP and International Accounting Standards. In accordance with this new standard, an entity would recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services. The standard establishes a five-step model and related application guidance, which will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP. The standard will be effective for annual and interim periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is not permitted. An entity may choose to adopt the new standard either retrospectively or through a cumulative effect adjustment as of the start of the first period for which it applies the new standard. We are currently evaluating the expected impact of this new standard on our reporting of revenue contracts in our consolidated financial statements.

        In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists. This standard requires the netting of unrecognized tax benefits (UTBs) against a deferred tax asset for a loss or other carryforward that would apply in the settlement of the uncertain tax positions. The UTBs will be netted against all available same-jurisdiction loss or other tax carryforwards that would be utilized, rather than only against carryforwards that are created by the UTBs. The standard will require prospective application with optional retrospective application, and will be effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2013. Early adoption is permitted.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

2. Summary of significant accounting policies (Continued)

We have effectively adopted the provisions of this requirement as of the date of issuance of this standard as we have historically presented our UTBs as a reduction of our deferred tax assets for a loss or other carryforward rather than as a liability when the uncertain tax position would reduce the loss or other carryforward under the tax law.

3. Acquisitions

Electronic Media Systems, Inc. and Advanced Wireless Group, LLC

        On October 31, 2013, we acquired all outstanding stock of Electronic Media Systems, Inc. and all membership interests in its subsidiary, Advanced Wireless Group, LLC, not otherwise owned by Electronic Media Systems, Inc. such that we are now the beneficial owner of all membership interests of Advanced Wireless Group, LLC (collectively, "AWG"). AWG operated public Wi-Fi in seventeen U.S. airports including Los Angeles International, Charlotte/Douglas International, Miami International, Minneapolis-St. Paul International, Detroit Metropolitan Airport, and Boston's Logan International. We have included the operating results of AWG in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.

        The acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. As such, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their acquisition-date fair values. The total purchase price was $17,527, which includes cash paid at closing, net equity adjustments, holdback consideration to be paid and the fair value of additional contingent consideration that would be due and payable upon the successful extension of a specified airport Wi-Fi contract. On July 29, 2014, we paid $147 to the previous AWG shareholders as settlement for the net equity adjustments that were not finalized as of the acquisition date.

        The fair value of the contingent consideration is based on Level 3 inputs, which are discussed in Note 9. Further changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recorded through operating (loss) income. On July 29, 2014, we paid the contingent consideration in the amount of $1,000 to the previous AWG shareholders. We allocated the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill, which is primarily not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the AWG acquisition is attributable primarily to expected synergies and other benefits, including the acquired workforce, from combining AWG with us.

        The contingent consideration was valued at the date of acquisition using a discount rate of 3.1%. The identifiable intangible assets were primarily valued using the excess earnings, relief from royalty, with-and-without and replacement cost methods using discount rates ranging from 12.0% to 14.0% and royalty rates of 0.5%.

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, we finalized our purchase price allocation, which was preliminary as of December 31, 2013 due to estimated net equity adjustments and the filing of AWG's final short period 2013 tax returns, both of which impacted the final purchase price allocation. As these purchase accounting adjustments were finalized during the measurement period, we retrospectively adjusted the provisional amounts recognized at the acquisition date to reflect the new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. As a result, goodwill decreased by $28, accrued expenses increased by $147, and accumulated deficit increased by $175 as of

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

3. Acquisitions (Continued)

December 31, 2013 as compared to the audited consolidated financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 17, 2014. The increase in accumulated deficit was the result of the valuation allowance that was established by the Company against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2013. The final purchase price allocation resulted in a $175 decrease in deferred tax liabilities and goodwill; accordingly, the Company had to increase the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets by $175, resulting in additional deferred tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2013.

        The amortizable intangible assets are being amortized straight-line over their estimated useful lives. The following summarizes the final purchase price allocation:

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

3. Acquisitions (Continued)

Endeka Group, Inc.

        On February 22, 2013, we acquired all outstanding stock of Endeka Group, Inc. ("Endeka"). Endeka is a provider of commercial wireless broadband and IPTV services at certain U.S. military bases, as well as Wi-Fi services to certain federal law enforcement training facilities. We acquired Endeka because Endeka's portfolio of venues and management team are natural additions to our managed network business. We have included the operating results of Endeka in our consolidated financial statements since the date of acquisition.

        The acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 805. As such, the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their acquisition-date fair values. The total purchase price was $6,498, which includes cash paid at closing, holdback consideration to be paid and the fair value of additional contingent consideration comprised of two components: (i) a payment ("Build Payment") if the amount of the capital expenditures incurred for the substantial completion of a specified build project is less than a target; and (ii) a payment ("Milestone Payment") based on revenue generated by certain contracts in fiscal year 2014. There is no maximum to the contingent consideration payments for the Milestone Payment. We do not expect to make any payments associated with the Build Payment. The Milestone Payment will be paid in March 2015.

        The fair value of the contingent consideration is based on Level 3 inputs. Further changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration are recorded through operating (loss) income. We allocated the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed to goodwill, which is not deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill arising from the Endeka acquisition is attributable primarily to expected synergies and other benefits, including the acquired workforce, from combining Endeka with us.

        The contingent consideration was valued at the date of acquisition using a discounted cash flow method with probability weighted cash flows and a discount rate of 50.5%. The identifiable intangible assets were primarily valued using the excess earnings, relief from royalty, and replacement cost methods using discount rates ranging from 40.0% to 50.0% and royalty rates ranging from 0.5% to 1.5%, where applicable.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

3. Acquisitions (Continued)

        The amortizable intangible assets are being amortized straight-line over their estimated useful lives. The following summarizes the final purchase price allocation:

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, we paid the holdback consideration in the amount of $275 to the previous Endeka shareholders.

Pro forma results (Unaudited)

        The following table presents the unaudited pro forma results of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 as if the acquisitions of Endeka and AWG had occurred on January 1, 2012. These results are not intended to reflect the actual operations of the Company had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2012. We did not record any incremental income taxes for pro forma

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

3. Acquisitions (Continued)

net (loss) income because we established a valuation allowance in 2013. Income taxes for purposes of the 2012 pro forma net (loss) income were computed based on the statutory tax rates.

Cloud 9 Wireless, Inc.

        On August 6, 2012, we acquired the assets of Cloud 9 Wireless, Inc. ("Cloud 9") for $3,500 plus the assumption of certain liabilities. Cloud 9 provides Wi-Fi sponsorship and location-based advertising at airports, hotels, bars and restaurants, and recreational areas in the U.S. and Canada. The acquisition has been accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with the FASB ASC 805. The excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to goodwill, which is deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill is attributable primarily to expected synergies and other benefits, including the acquired workforce, from combining Cloud 9 with us. Cloud 9 was consolidated into our results of operations starting August 6, 2012, the acquisition date. Cloud 9 has been integrated into the Company's product offering; therefore, it is not practical to disclose actual and pro forma financial results for Cloud 9 since the acquisition.

        The following table summarizes the allocation of the total purchase price as of August 6, 2012:

        The intangible assets are all definite-lived intangibles and are recognized on a straight-line basis over their weighted average lives of approximately 5 years.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

4. Cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities

        Cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities consisted of the following:

        All contractual maturities of marketable securities were less than one year at December 31, 2014 and 2013. These consist primarily of corporate securities which include commercial paper and corporate debt instruments including notes issued by foreign or domestic corporations which pay in U.S. dollars and carry a rating of A or better.

        For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, interest income was $114, $181 and $183, respectively, which is included in interest and other (expense) income, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

5. Accounts receivables, net and other receivables

        Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts and other receivables consisted of the following:

        Access fees are recorded under long-term contracts with our wholesale partners that are telecom operators for access to our DAS at our managed and operated locations. Platform service fees are recorded under long-term contracts with our wholesale partners. These access and platform service fees escalate on an annual basis from which we receive fixed contractual payments and recognize revenue ratably over the term of the contracts.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

5. Accounts receivables, net and other receivables (Continued)

        Included in accounts receivables, net for the periods indicated was the allowance for doubtful accounts which consisted of the following:

6. Accrued expenses and other liabilities

        Accrued expenses and other liabilities consisted of the following:

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

7. Property and equipment

        The following is a summary of property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization:

        Included in property and equipment at December 31, 2014 and 2013 was equipment acquired under capital leases totaling $1,209 and $1,220, respectively, and related accumulated depreciation and amortization of $300 and $191, respectively.

        Depreciation and amortization expense, which includes depreciation and amortization for property and equipment under capital leases, is allocated as follows on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations:

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company recognized $406 of impairment losses related to a change in the use of certain software developed for internal use that indicated that the carrying value of those assets will not be recoverable, and $494 of net impairment losses related to a venue termination agreement that resulted in the abandonment of our Wi-Fi network assets and the release of the corresponding capital lease obligations associated with those assets. The impairment charges for internal use software and abandoned Wi-Fi network assets are included within development and technology expenses and general and administrative expenses, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

8. Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

        The following table sets forth the changes in our goodwill balance, for all periods presented:

Intangible assets

        The following table sets forth the changes in our intangible assets balance, for all periods presented:

        During 2014, we recorded impairment losses for certain patent applications that we abandoned.

        Intangible assets at December 31, 2014 consist of the following:

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

8. Goodwill and intangible assets (Continued)

        Intangible assets at December 31, 2013 consist of the following:

        Amortization expense for fiscal years 2015 through 2019 and thereafter is as follows:

9. Fair value measurement

        The following table sets forth our financial assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

9. Fair value measurement (Continued)

        Our marketable securities utilize Level 2 inputs and consist primarily of corporate securities which include commercial paper and corporate debt instruments including notes issued by foreign or domestic corporations which pay in U.S. dollars and carry a rating of A or better. We have evaluated the various types of securities in our investment portfolio to determine an appropriate fair value hierarchy level based upon trading activity and the observability of market inputs. Due to variations in trading volumes and the lack of quoted market prices in active markets, our fixed maturities are classified as Level 2 securities. The fair value of our fixed maturity marketable securities is derived through the use of a third party pricing source using recent reported trades for identical or similar securities, making adjustments through the reporting date based upon available market observable data.

        The Company used the income approach to value the contingent consideration as of December 31, 2014. The contingent consideration used a discounted cash flow method with probability weighted cash flows for Endeka. The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts related to the fair value of contingent consideration categorized as Level 3:

10. Stockholders' equity

        At December 31, 2014 and 2013, we are authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock. We are required to reserve and keep available out of our authorized but unissued shares of common stock such number of shares sufficient to effect the exercise of all outstanding common stock warrants, plus shares granted and available for grant under our Amended and Restated 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2001 Plan") and 2011 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2011 Plan").

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Table of Contents

Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

10. Stockholders' equity (Continued)

        The amount of such shares of common stock reserved for these purposes is as follows:

11. Credit Facility

        On November 21, 2014, we entered into a Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") and related agreements with Bank of America, N.A. acting as agent for lenders named therein, including Bank of America, N.A. and Silicon Valley Bank (the "Lenders"), for a secured credit facility in the form of a revolving line of credit in the initial amount of up to $46,500, with an option to increase the available amount to $86,500 upon the satisfaction of certain conditions (the "Revolving Line of Credit") and a term loan of $3,500 (the "Term Loan" and together with the Revolving Line of Credit, the "Credit Facility"). We may use borrowings under the Credit Facility for general working capital and corporate purposes. In general, amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility are secured by a lien against all of our assets, with certain exclusions.

        As of December 31, 2014, no amounts were outstanding under the Revolving Line of Credit. Subsequent to December 31, 2014, we borrowed $5,000 under the Revolving Line of Credit. The Revolving Line of Credit requires quarterly payments of interest and matures on November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Amounts borrowed under the Revolving Line of Credit and Term Loan will bear, at the Company's election, a variable interest at LIBOR plus 2.5% - 3.5% or Lender's Prime Rate plus 1.5% - 2.5% per year and we will pay a fee of 0.375% - 0.5% per year on any unused portion of the Revolving Line of Credit. As of December 31, 2014, $3,500 was outstanding under the Tem Loan at a rate of 2.7%. The Term Loan requires quarterly payments of interest and principal, amortizing fully over the four-year-term such that it is repaid in full on the maturity date of November 21, 2018, but may be prepaid in whole or part at any time. Repayment of amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility may be accelerated in the event that we are in violation of the representations, warranties and covenants made in the Credit Agreement, including certain financial covenants set forth therein, and under other specified default events including, but not limited to, non-payment or inability to pay debt, breach of cross default provisions, insolvency provisions, and change of control.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

11. Credit Facility (Continued)

        Principal payments due under our Term Loan for fiscal years 2015 through 2018 is as follows:

        The Company is subject to customary covenants, including a minimum quarterly consolidated leverage ratio, a maximum quarterly consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio, and monthly liquidity minimums. The Company was in compliance with all such financial covenants as of December 31, 2014. The Company is also subject to certain non-financial covenants, and the Company was also in compliance with all such non-financial covenants as of December 31, 2014.

        The Company incurred debt issuance costs of $711. Debt issuance costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the four year term of the Credit Facility. Amortization expense related to debt issuance costs are included in interest and other (expense) income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2014. Amortization and interest expense recorded amounted to $34 for the year ended December 31, 2014.

        Amortization expense for our debt issuance costs for fiscal years 2015 through 2018 is as follows:

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

12. Income taxes

        The income tax expense (benefit) by jurisdiction consists of the following for the years ended December 31:

        Income taxes differ from the amounts computed by applying the U.S. federal income tax rate to pretax income before income taxes as a result of the following for the years ended December 31:

        We have a foreign subsidiary in the United Kingdom, which has generated losses since inception resulting in a $1,360 deferred tax asset with a corresponding valuation allowance as of December 31, 2014. We also have a majority owned foreign subsidiary in Brazil, which has generated losses since inception resulting in a $292 deferred tax assets with a corresponding valuation allowance as of December 31, 2014. Foreign loss before income taxes was $1,251, $559, and $61 for 2014, 2013, and 2012, respectively.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

12. Income taxes (Continued)

        Deferred income tax reflects the tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of our deferred tax assets and liabilities and consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively:

        In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $35,555 and $20,389, respectively, state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $55,457 and $37,153, respectively, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $7,661 and $3,425, respectively. The federal net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2025, and our foreign net operating loss carryforwards have an indefinite life. Our state net operating loss carryforwards are principally related to California net operating losses and will begin to expire in 2015. Our ability to utilize certain of our net operating loss carryforwards may be limited in the event that a change in ownership, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, occurs in the future.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

12. Income taxes (Continued)

        The following table sets forth the changes in the valuation allowance, for all periods presented:

        During the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded a $2,432 increase in our valuation allowance on our federal deferred tax assets, primarily due to changes in our expectations regarding our ability to realize these deferred tax assets. This resulted from a determination that it was more likely than not that certain federal net deferred tax assets would not be realized. We won some significant new contracts for the build out of broadband and IPTV networks for troops stationed on U.S. military bases that require us to make investments and incur losses in advance of experiencing any direct benefit from them including generation of revenues.

        In reaching the determination of the valuation allowance, we have evaluated all significant available positive and negative evidence including, but not limited to, our three year cumulative results, trends in our business, expected future results and the character, amount and expiration periods of our net deferred tax assets. The underlying assumptions we used in forecasting future income required significant judgment and took into account our recent performance.

        During 2013 and 2012, we realized excess windfall tax benefits of approximately $55 and $2,190, respectively, from stock option exercises. These benefits decreased income taxes payable and were recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. In accordance with the reporting requirements under ASC 718, we did not include excess windfall tax benefits resulting from stock option exercises as components of our gross deferred tax assets and corresponding valuation allowance disclosures, as tax attributes related to those windfall tax benefits should not be recognized until they result in a reduction of taxes payable. The tax effected amount of gross unrealized net operating loss carryforwards excluded under ASC 718 was approximately $6,284 at December 31, 2014. When realized, those excess windfall tax benefits are credited to additional paid-in capital.

        We recognized interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income taxes which were not material during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013, and 2012.

        We identify, evaluate and measure all uncertain tax positions taken or to be taken on tax returns and record liabilities for the amount of these positions that may not be sustained, or may only partially

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

12. Income taxes (Continued)

be sustained, upon examination by the relevant taxing authorities. Although we believe that our estimates and judgments were reasonable, actual results may differ from these estimates. Some or all of these judgments are subject to review by the taxing authorities. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we had $459 and $445 in uncertain tax positions, respectively, $106 of which is a reduction to deferred tax assets, which is presented net of uncertain tax positions, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We accrue interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income taxes. As of December 31, 2014 and 2013, we have accrued $67 and $53 for related interest, net of federal income tax benefits, and penalties recorded in income tax expense on our consolidated statements of operations, respectively. The amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate at December 31, 2014 was $286.

        A reconciliation of our unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, is as follows:

        Our annual income taxes and the determination of the resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities involve a significant amount of judgment. Our judgments, assumptions and estimates relative to current income taxes take into account current tax laws, their interpretation of current tax laws and possible outcomes of current and future audits conducted by foreign and domestic tax authorities. We operate within federal, state and international taxing jurisdictions and are subject to audit in these jurisdictions. These audits can involve complex issues which may require an extended period of time to resolve. We are subject to taxation in the United States and in various states. Our tax years 2012 and forward are subject to examination by the IRS and our tax years 2010 and forward are subject to examination by material state jurisdictions. However, due to prior year loss carryovers, the IRS and state tax authorities may examine any tax years for which the carryovers are used to offset future taxable income.

13. Commitments and contingencies

Capital and operating leases

        We lease space in managed and operated locations, primarily airports, under exclusive long-term, non-cancellable contracts to provide Wi-Fi connectivity and cellular phone access to our DAS network. Minimum rent expense is recorded on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rent expense related to our leases for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $29,434, $20,234 and $16,760, respectively.

        We lease equipment, primarily data communication equipment and database software under non-cancellable capital leases that will expire over the next four years. The leases are collateralized by the equipment under the lease. Interest expense associated with the capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $33, $15 and $11, respectively. We also lease office space under non-cancellable operating leases. Rent expense for our leases of office facilities for the years ended

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

13. Commitments and contingencies (Continued)

December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $1,621, $1,227 and $1,209, respectively. Included in rent expense for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was sublease income of $27, $54 and $52, respectively.

        Future minimum lease obligations under non-cancellable operating and capital leases at December 31, 2014 are as follows:

Letters of credit

        We have entered into Letter of Credit Authorization agreements (collectively, "Letters of Credit"), which are issued under our Credit Agreement. The Letters of Credit are irrevocable and serve as performance guarantees that will allow our customers to draw upon the available funds if we are in default. As of December 31, 2014, we have Letters of Credit totaling $3,315 that are scheduled to expire over the next eleven-month period. There have been no drafts drawn under these Letters of Credit as of December 31, 2014. Subsequent to December 31, 2014, the Company established additional Letters of Credit totaling $600.

Legal proceedings

        From time to time, we may be subject to claims, suits, investigations and proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. We are not currently a party to any litigation that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Legal costs are expensed as incurred.

Indemnification

        Indemnification provisions in our third-party service provider agreements provide that we will indemnify, hold harmless, and reimburse the indemnified parties on a case-by-case basis for losses

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

13. Commitments and contingencies (Continued)

suffered or incurred by the indemnified parties in connection with any claim by any third party as a result of our website, advertising, marketing, payment processing, collection or customer service activities. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification provisions is undeterminable. We have never paid a claim, nor have we been sued in connection with these indemnification provisions. At December 31, 2014 and 2013, we have not accrued a liability for these guarantees, because the likelihood of incurring a payment obligation in connection with these guarantees is not probable.

Employment contracts

        We have entered into employment contracts with six of our officers. These contracts generally provide for severance benefits, including salary continuation, if employment is terminated by us for substantial cause or by the officer for convenience. In addition, in order to assure that they would continue to provide independent leadership consistent with our best interests in the event of an actual or threatened change in control, the contract also generally provides for certain protections in the event of such a change in control. These protections include the payment of certain severance benefits, including salary continuation, upon the termination of employment following a change in control.

Other matters

        We have received a claim from one of our venue partners with respect to contractual terms on our revenue share payments. We consider this claim to be without merit and plan to defend against such claim; however, we believe it is reasonably possible a loss ranging from $0 to $3,000 has been incurred. We are not currently a party to any other claims that we believe could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

14. Stock repurchases

        On April 1, 2013, the Company approved a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $10,000 of the Company's common stock in the open market, exclusive of any commissions, markups or expenses. The stock repurchased will be retired and will resume the status of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. The Company did not repurchase any of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2014. During the year ended December 31, 2013, we repurchased and retired approximately 722,000 shares under this program for approximately $4,820, excluding commissions paid, at an average price per share of $6.68. As of December 31, 2014, the remaining approved amount for repurchases was approximately $5,180.

15. Stock incentive plans

        In March 2011, our board of directors approved the 2011 Plan. The 2011 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and nonstatutory stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares of our common stock, stock units, and performance cash awards. As of January 1^st of each year, the number of shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the 2011 Plan shall automatically be increased by a number equal to the lesser of (a) 4.5% of the total number of shares of common stock then outstanding, (b) 3,000,000 shares of common stock or (c) as determined by our board of directors. As of December 31, 2014, 8,693,162 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance. As of

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

15. Stock incentive plans (Continued)

December 31, 2014, options to purchase 5,229,486 shares of common stock and 2,449,716 RSUs have been granted under the 2011 Plan.

        No further awards will be made under our 2001 Plan and it will be terminated. Options outstanding under the 2001 Plan will continue to be governed by their existing terms. As of December 31, 2014, options to purchase 1,525,335 shares of common stock were outstanding under the 2001 Plan.

        The following table summarizes our stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated statements of operations for 2014, 2013 and 2012:

        We capitalized $398 of stock-based compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Stock option awards

        We grant stock option awards to both employees and non-employee directors. The grant date for these awards is the same as the measurement date. The stock option awards generally vest over a four year service period with 25% vesting when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service and the remaining 75% vesting monthly thereafter. These awards are valued as of the measurement date and the stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated and actual forfeitures, is recognized

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

15. Stock incentive plans (Continued)

on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. A summary of the activity for stock option awards for 2014, 2013 and 2012 is presented below:

        The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the difference between the estimated fair value of our common stock at December 31, 2014 and the option exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options at December 31, 2014. The intrinsic value changes are based on the estimated fair value of our common stock.

        Stock options to purchase approximately 458,000, 461,000 and 1,899,000 shares of our common stock were exercised during the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 for cash proceeds of $1,158, $614 and $2,573, respectively. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $2,027, $2,662 and $14,901, respectively. We realized $55 and $2,190 of tax benefits for the deductions from stock option exercises during 2013 and 2012, respectively.

        The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $2.92, $3.03 and $3.59, respectively.

        At December 31, 2014, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested stock option awards is $4,479, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.11 years.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

15. Stock incentive plans (Continued)

Restricted stock unit awards

        We grant time-based restricted stock units ("RSU") to executive and non-executive personnel and non-employee directors. The time-based RSUs granted to executive and non-executive personnel generally vest over a two to three year period subject to continuous service on each vesting date. The time-based RSUs for our non-employee directors generally vest over a one year period for existing members and 25% per year over a four-year period for new members subject to continuous service on each vesting date.

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, we granted performance-based RSUs to executive personnel. These awards vest subject to certain performance objectives based on the Company's annual revenue growth achieved during the specified performance period and certain long-term service conditions. The maximum number of RSUs that may vest is determined based on actual Company achievement with one-third of the performance-based RSUs vesting when the individual completes 12 months of continuous service and the balance vesting over a series of eight successive equal quarterly installments thereafter subject to continuous service on each vesting date. We recognize stock-based compensation expense for performance-based RSUs when we believe that it is probable that the performance objectives will be met. As of December 31, 2014, the performance condition for these performance-based RSUs has been met.

        A summary of the RSU activity in 2014 is as follows:

        During the year ended December 31, 2014, 868,211 shares of time-based RSUs vested. The Company issued 581,866 shares and the remaining shares were withheld to pay minimum statutory federal, state, and local employment payroll taxes on those vested awards.

        At December 31, 2014, the total remaining stock-based compensation expense for unvested RSU awards is $6,901, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.1 years.

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

16. Employee benefit plan

        We have a defined contribution savings plan in accordance with Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. This plan covers substantially all employees who meet the IRS requirements and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. Company contributions to the plan may be made at the discretion of the board of directors. Employer contributions of $393, $330 and $347 were made to the plan by us in 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

17. Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders

        The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders:

        For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, we excluded all stock options and RSUs from the computation of diluted net loss per share due to the net loss for the period. For the year ended December 31, 2012, we excluded approximately 2,518,000 stock options in the computation of diluted net income per share as the inclusion would have been anti-dilutive.

18. Quarterly financial data (unaudited)

        Summarized unaudited quarterly financial data are as follows:

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Boingo Wireless, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

18. Quarterly financial data (unaudited) (Continued)

        Earnings (loss) per share are computed separately for each quarter and the full year using the respective weighted average shares. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly (loss) earnings per share amounts may not equal the annual amounts reported.

19. Subsequent events

        In March 2015, we granted 1,264,608 RSUs to executive and non- executive personnel.

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Item 15.    Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

        (a)   The following documents are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

        (1)(2)    Financial Statements.    The following consolidated financial statements of Boingo Wireless, Inc., and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are included in a separate section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on page F-2:

        All financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information is not applicable or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule, or because the information required is included in our consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.

        (3)     Exhibits.    The exhibits listed under Item 15(b) hereof are filed with, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement is identified separately in item 15(b) hereof.

        (b)   Exhibits.

        The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on the 16th day of March 2015.

POWER OF ATTORNEY

        KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints David Hagan and Peter Hovenier, and each of them, as his true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith, as fully to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof.

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

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