UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One) | |
ý |
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 001-15283
IHOP CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
95-3038279 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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450 North Brand Boulevard, Glendale, California (Address of principal executive offices) |
91203-1903 (Zip Code) |
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(818) 240-6055 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Class |
Outstanding as of April 25, 2008 |
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Common Stock, $.01 par value | 17,396,847 |
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
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Page |
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PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2 | ||
Item 1Financial Statements | 2 | |||
Consolidated Balance SheetsMarch 31, 2008 (unaudited) and December 31, 2007 | 2 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 | 3 | |||
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)Three Months Ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 | 4 | |||
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 5 | |||
Item 2Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 17 | |||
Item 3Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 37 | |||
Item 4Controls and Procedures | 37 | |||
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION | 38 | ||
Item 1Legal Proceedings | 38 | |||
Item 1ARisk Factors | 38 | |||
Item 2Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38 | |||
Item 3Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 39 | |||
Item 4Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 39 | |||
Item 5Other Information | 39 | |||
Item 6Exhibits | 39 | |||
Signatures | 40 |
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)
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March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
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(Unaudited) |
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Assets | |||||||||
Current assets | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 33,084 | $ | 26,838 | |||||
Restricted cash | 105,452 | 128,138 | |||||||
Short-term investments, at market value | 302 | 300 | |||||||
Receivables, net | 86,938 | 115,335 | |||||||
Inventories | 13,205 | 13,280 | |||||||
Prepaid income taxes | 27,665 | 30,695 | |||||||
Prepaid expenses | 13,882 | 30,831 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 25,470 | 21,862 | |||||||
Assets held for sale | 45,108 | 60,347 | |||||||
Current assets related to discontinued operations | 5,834 | 6,052 | |||||||
Total current assets | 356,940 | 433,678 | |||||||
Non-current restricted cash | 64,372 | 57,962 | |||||||
Restricted assets related to captive insurance subsidiary | 7,838 | 10,518 | |||||||
Long-term receivables | 285,863 | 288,452 | |||||||
Property and equipment, net | 1,120,844 | 1,139,616 | |||||||
Goodwill | 734,462 | 730,728 | |||||||
Other intangible assets, net | 1,012,755 | 1,011,457 | |||||||
Other assets, net | 158,189 | 156,193 | |||||||
Non-current assets related to discontinued operations | 2,558 | 2,558 | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,743,821 | $ | 3,831,162 | |||||
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | |||||||||
Current liabilities | |||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 48,922 | $ | 99,019 | |||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | 53,372 | 56,795 | |||||||
Deferred revenue | 44,715 | 76,802 | |||||||
Accrued financing costs | 62,934 | 63,045 | |||||||
Other accrued expenses | 58,672 | 49,203 | |||||||
Deferred compensation | 1,264 | 21,236 | |||||||
Accrued interest payable | 6,247 | 15,240 | |||||||
Total current liabilities | 276,126 | 381,340 | |||||||
Long-term debt | 2,265,947 | 2,263,887 | |||||||
Capital lease obligations, less current maturities | 167,009 | 168,242 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes | 504,034 | 504,865 | |||||||
Other liabilities | 118,888 | 113,103 | |||||||
Non-current liabilities related to discontinued operations | 3,302 | 3,302 | |||||||
Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||
Preferred stock, Series A, $1 par value, 220,000 shares authorized; 190,000 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 | 187,050 | 187,050 | |||||||
Stockholders' equity | |||||||||
Convertible Preferred stock, Series B, at accreted value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; 35,000 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 | 35,702 | 35,181 | |||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 40,000,000 shares authorized; March 31, 2008: 23,615,673 shares issued and 17,385,078 shares outstanding; December 31, 2007: 23,359,664 shares issued and 17,105,469 shares outstanding | 230 | 230 | |||||||
Additional paid-in-capital | 153,953 | 149,564 | |||||||
Retained earnings | 343,102 | 338,790 | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (35,016 | ) | (36,738 | ) | |||||
Treasury stock, at cost (6,230,595 shares and 6,254,195 shares at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively) | (276,506 | ) | (277,654 | ) | |||||
Total stockholders' equity | 221,465 | 209,373 | |||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 3,743,821 | $ | 3,831,162 | |||||
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
2
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
2007 |
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Revenues | ||||||||
Franchise revenues | $ | 89,934 | $ | 47,050 | ||||
Company restaurant sales | 311,922 | 3,984 | ||||||
Rental income | 32,965 | 33,010 | ||||||
Financing revenues | 7,968 | 6,080 | ||||||
Total revenues | 442,789 | 90,124 | ||||||
Costs and Expenses | ||||||||
Franchise expenses | 23,377 | 21,221 | ||||||
Company restaurant expenses | 276,546 | 4,613 | ||||||
Rental expenses | 24,709 | 24,581 | ||||||
Financing expenses | 3,339 | 472 | ||||||
General and administrative expenses | 47,574 | 16,121 | ||||||
Interest expense | 50,647 | 2,215 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets | 2,899 | | ||||||
Other (income) expense, net | (1,782 | ) | 749 | |||||
Early debt extinguishment costs | | 2,223 | ||||||
Total costs and expenses | 427,309 | 72,195 | ||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | 15,480 | 17,929 | ||||||
Provision for income taxes | 1,538 | 6,616 | ||||||
Income from continuing operations | 13,942 | 11,313 | ||||||
Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax | (88 | ) | | |||||
Net income | $ | 13,854 | $ | 11,313 | ||||
Net income | $ | 13,854 | $ | 11,313 | ||||
Less: Series A preferred stock dividends | (4,750 | ) | | |||||
Less: Accretion of Series B preferred stock | (521 | ) | | |||||
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 8,583 | $ | 11,313 | ||||
Net income available to common stockholders per share | ||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
Diluted | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.63 | ||||
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||
Basic | 17,200 | 17,842 | ||||||
Diluted | 17,424 | 18,046 | ||||||
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.25 | ||||
Dividends paid per common share | $ | 0.25 | $ | 0.25 | ||||
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
3
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
2007 |
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Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 13,854 | $ | 11,313 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows provided by operating activities | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 28,783 | 5,180 | |||||||||
Debt extinguishment and other costs | | 2,223 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes | (4,898 | ) | (995 | ) | |||||||
Stock-based compensation expense | 3,072 | 1,065 | |||||||||
Tax benefit from stock-based compensation | 984 | 1,498 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised | (251 | ) | (1,498 | ) | |||||||
Gain on disposition of assets | (219 | ) | | ||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | |||||||||||
Receivables | 28,171 | 2,637 | |||||||||
Inventories | 75 | (19 | ) | ||||||||
Prepaid expenses | 2,661 | 1,789 | |||||||||
Accounts payable | (23,999 | ) | 5 | ||||||||
Accrued employee compensation and benefits | (3,423 | ) | (4,813 | ) | |||||||
Deferred revenues | (32,086 | ) | | ||||||||
Other accrued expenses | (4,937 | ) | (1,713 | ) | |||||||
Other | 2,175 | (855 | ) | ||||||||
Cash flows provided by operating activities | 9,962 | 15,817 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
Additions to property and equipment | (18,102 | ) | (784 | ) | |||||||
Additions to long-term receivables | (1,390 | ) | (659 | ) | |||||||
Payment of accrued acquisition costs | (10,001 | ) | | ||||||||
Collateral released by captive insurance subsidiary | 2,680 | | |||||||||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 30 | | |||||||||
Principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable | 4,219 | 3,934 | |||||||||
Reductions (additions) to assets held for sale | 12,386 | (429 | ) | ||||||||
Property insurance proceeds | (37 | ) | (26 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows (used in) provided by investing activities | (10,215 | ) | 2,036 | ||||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | | 190,000 | |||||||||
Repayment of long-term debt | | (129,206 | ) | ||||||||
Principal payments on capital lease obligations | (1,391 | ) | (1,583 | ) | |||||||
Dividends paid | (6,012 | ) | (4,464 | ) | |||||||
Payment of preferred stock issuance costs | (1,500 | ) | | ||||||||
Purchase of treasury stock, net | 1,056 | (30,961 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from stock options exercised | 664 | 3,719 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised | 251 | 1,498 | |||||||||
Payment of debt issuance costs | (2,845 | ) | (13,335 | ) | |||||||
Prepayment penalties on early debt extinguishment | | (1,219 | ) | ||||||||
Restricted cash related to securitization | 16,276 | | |||||||||
Cash flows provided by financing activities | 6,499 | 14,449 | |||||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 6,246 | 32,302 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 26,838 | 19,516 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | 33,084 | $ | 51,818 | |||||||
Supplemental disclosures | |||||||||||
Interest paid | $ | 49,631 | $ | 7,637 | |||||||
Income taxes paid | $ | 1,111 | $ | 2,660 |
See the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
4
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. General
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of IHOP Corp. (the "Company") have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2008 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2008.
The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2007 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.
For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
2. Basis of Presentation
The Company's fiscal quarter ends on the Sunday closest to the last day of each quarter. For convenience, we report all fiscal quarter endings on March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31.
On November 29, 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's") pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger entered into by and among the Company, CHLH Corp. and Applebee's. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Applebee's became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated on consolidation.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires the Company's management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to provisions for doubtful accounts, legal contingencies, income taxes, long-lived assets and goodwill. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year information to conform to the current year presentation.
3. New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Statement ("SFAS") No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157") which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy, as defined. SFAS 157 may
5
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
3. New Accounting Pronouncements (Continued)
require companies to provide additional disclosures based on that hierarchy. SFAS 157 was to be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which delayed for one year the applicability of SFAS 157's fair-value measurements to certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and liabilities affected by the one-year delay. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting the remaining provisions of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 ("SFAS 159"). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which requires assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted SFAS 159 and has not elected to use fair value measurement on any assets or liabilities under this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("SFAS 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141(R) also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We will adopt SFAS 141(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 and apply the provisions of this statement for any acquisition after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141(R) on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 161"). This statement requires companies to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why they use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company will adopt the new disclosure requirements on or before the required effective date. As SFAS 161 does not change current accounting practice, there will be no impact on the consolidated financial statements.
6
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
4. Business Acquisition
The total transaction value (including direct transaction costs and expenses) of the Applebee's acquisitions was approximately $2.0 billion. The Company has accounted for the Applebee's acquisition using the purchase method and, accordingly, the results of operations related to this acquisition have been included in the consolidated results of the Company since the acquisition date. The estimated purchase price for this acquisition was allocated to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the acquisition date of November 29, 2007. The Company believes the fair values assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were based on reasonable assumptions. The purchase price allocation for the Applebee's acquisition is preliminary. The Company's fair value estimates for the purchase price allocation may change during the allowable allocation period, which is up to one year from the acquisition date, if additional information becomes available. As of March 31, 2008, neither the purchase price nor the allocation thereof has changed materially since December 31, 2007.
The unaudited pro forma data of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2007 set forth below gives effect to the Applebee's acquisition as if it had occurred at the beginning of 2007 and includes (1) the amortization of other comprehensive loss resulted from a swap the Company entered into in July 2007 to hedge the interest payments on the securitization transactions which were entered into on November 29, 2007 to finance the acquisition; (2) interest expense (including amortization) related to the securitization transactions that took place during 2007; (3) additional depreciation and amortization expense related to the pro forma stepped-up basis of assets acquired in the acquisition and (4) the tax effect resulting from the pro forma adjustments based on an assumed effective annual tax rate of 39.5%. This pro forma data is presented for informational purposes only and does not purport to be indicative of the results of future operations of the Company or of the results that would have actually been attained had the acquisition taken place at the beginning of 2007.
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Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 actual |
2007 pro forma |
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(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
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Total revenues | $ | 442,789 | $ | 427,754 | ||||
Total net income (loss) | $ | 13,942 | $ | (1,241 | ) | |||
Total net income (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | 8,583 | $ | (6,516 | ) | |||
Pro forma net income (loss) per share | ||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.50 | $ | (0.37 | ) | |||
Diluted | $ | 0.50 | $ | (0.37 | ) |
5. Segments
The Company's revenues and expenses are recorded in four segments: franchise operations, company restaurant operations, rental operations, and financing operations. Within each segment, the Company operates two distinct restaurant concepts: Applebee's and IHOP.
7
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
5. Segments (Continued)
Applebee's
The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by Applebee's franchisees in the United States, 17 countries outside the United States and one U.S. territory. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues. Franchise operations expenses include costs related to intellectual property provided to certain franchisees.
The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States and China. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs. The operating results of this segment are substantially generated by Applebee's restaurants.
Rental operations and financing operations activities are not currently part of Applebee's business.
IHOP
The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by IHOP franchisees and area licensees in the United States, one U.S. territory and two countries outside the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues, sales of proprietary products, franchise advertising fees and the portion of the franchise fees allocated to IHOP intellectual property. Franchise operations expenses include advertising expense, the cost of proprietary products and pre-opening training expenses and other franchise-related costs.
The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States. In addition, from time to time, restaurants that are reacquired from franchisees are operated by IHOP on a temporary basis. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs.
Rental operations revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental operations expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense on capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants.
Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.
8
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
5. Segments (Continued)
Information on segments is as follows:
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For the Three Months Ended March 31, |
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2008 |
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Applebee's |
IHOP |
Total |
2007 |
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(In thousands) |
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Revenues from External Customers | ||||||||||||||
Franchise operations | $ | 37,937 | $ | 51,997 | $ | 89,934 | $ | 47,050 | ||||||
Company restaurants | 308,027 | 3,895 | 311,922 | 3,984 | ||||||||||
Rental operations | | 32,965 | 32,965 | 33,010 | ||||||||||
Financing operations | | 7,968 | 7,968 | 6,080 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 345,964 | $ | 96,825 | $ | 442,789 | $ | 90,124 | ||||||
Interest Expense | ||||||||||||||
Company restaurants | $ | 138 | $ | 103 | $ | 241 | $ | | ||||||
Rental operations | | 5,145 | 5,145 | 5,317 | ||||||||||
Financing operations | | 26 | 26 | 5 | ||||||||||
Corporate | 41,926 | 8,721 | 50,647 | 2,215 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 42,064 | $ | 13,995 | $ | 56,059 | $ | 7,537 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | ||||||||||||||
Franchise operations | $ | 2,506 | $ | | $ | 2,506 | $ | | ||||||
Company restaurants | 11,523 | 189 | 11,712 | 201 | ||||||||||
Rental operations | | 3,013 | 3,013 | 2,848 | ||||||||||
Corporate | 777 | 1,544 | 2,321 | 2,131 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 14,806 | $ | 4,746 | $ | 19,552 | $ | 5,180 | ||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | ||||||||||||||
Franchise operations | $ | 37,507 | $ | 29,050 | $ | 66,557 | $ | 25,829 | ||||||
Company restaurants | 35,912 | (536 | ) | 35,376 | (629 | ) | ||||||||
Rental operations | | 8,256 | 8,256 | 8,429 | ||||||||||
Financing operations | | 4,629 | 4,629 | 5,608 | ||||||||||
Corporate | (71,668 | ) | (27,670 | ) | (99,338 | ) | (21,308 | ) | ||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 1,751 | $ | 13,729 | $ | 15,480 | $ | 17,929 | ||||||
6. Income Taxes
The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns, as well as tax returns in various state and foreign jurisdictions. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2004, or to state or non-U.S. income tax examinations for years before 2000.
The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income TaxesAn Interpretation of FASB No. 109 ("FIN 48") on January 1, 2007. As a result of the
9
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
6. Income Taxes (Continued)
implementation of FIN 48, the Company recognized a $0.7 million increase in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related income tax benefits, which was accounted for as a reduction of retained earnings at January 1, 2007. At December 31, 2007, the Company had a liability for unrecognized tax benefit including potential interest and penalties, net of related tax benefit, totaling $16.9 million, of which approximately $0.1 million is expected to be paid within one year. For the remaining liability, due to the uncertainties related to these tax matters, the Company is unable to make a reasonably reliable estimate when cash settlement with a taxing authority will occur.
The total unrecognized tax benefit as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 was $13.9 million and $13.8 million, respectively, excluding interest, penalties and related income tax benefits. Of the $13.9 million, $3.1 million excluding related tax benefits would be included in the effective tax rate if recognized prior to adoption of SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations. The Company estimates the unrecognized tax benefits may decrease over the upcoming 12 months by an amount up to $0.4 million related to the settlement with taxing authorities and the lapse of the statute of limitations.
As of March 31, 2008, the accrued interest and penalties were $8.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively, excluding any related income tax benefits. As of December 31, 2007, the accrued interest and penalties were $8.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, excluding any related income tax benefits. The increase of $0.4 million of accrued interest is related to the accrual of interest during the quarter ended March 31, 2008. The Company recognizes interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits and penalties as a component of income tax expense which is recognized in the statement of income.
The Company has various state net operating loss carryovers representing $1.5 million of state taxes as of December 31, 2007. The net operating loss carryovers will expire, if unused, during the period from 2008 through 2027.
The Company has recorded a deferred tax asset related to a change in the enacted tax law for the state of Michigan. The Company cannot assert on a more than likely basis that the asset will be realized. Therefore, a valuation allowance of $3.6 million has been recorded to offset the entire asset. Of the $3.6 million, $0.7 million was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2007 and $2.9 million was recorded as part of the preliminary purchase price allocation of Applebee's.
The effective tax rate was 9.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2008. The effective tax rate is lower than the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to tax credits, partially offset by state income taxes. The tax credits are primarily FICA tip and other compensation-related tax credits associated with Applebee's company-owned restaurant operations.
10
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
7. Debt
Debt consists of the following components:
|
March 31, 2008 (unaudited) |
December 31, 2007 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(In thousands) |
||||||
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed interest rate of 7.2836% | $ | 350,000 | $ | 350,000 | |||
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-II-A Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.1767% (inclusive of an insurance premium of 0.75%) | 675,000 | 675,000 | |||||
Series 2007-1 Class A-2-II-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.0588% | 650,000 | 650,000 | |||||
Series 2007-1 Class M-1 Fixed Rate Term Subordinated Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 8.4044% | 119,000 | 119,000 | |||||
Series 2007-1 Class A-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, final maturity date December 2037, at a rate of 5.8% and 8.0% as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 75,000 | 75,000 | |||||
Series 2007-1 Fixed Rate Notes due March 2037, at a fixed rate of 5.144% (inclusive of an insurance premium of 0.36%) | 175,000 | 175,000 | |||||
Series 2007-2 Variable Funding Note, final maturity date March 2037, at a rate of 3.1% and 5.6% as of March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 15,000 | 15,000 | |||||
Series 2007-3 Fixed Rate Term Notes due December 2037, at a fixed rate of 7.0588% | 245,000 | 245,000 | |||||
Discount on Fixed Rate Notes | (38,053 | ) | (40,113 | ) | |||
Total debt | 2,265,947 | 2,263,887 | |||||
Less current maturities | | | |||||
Long-term debt | $ | 2,265,947 | $ | 2,263,887 | |||
For a complete description of the respective instruments, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The terms of the Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes (the "Class A-2-I-X Notes") obligate the Company to use the proceeds from certain asset dispositions to repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes. If the Company repays the Class A-2-I-X Notes in whole or in part after June 20, 2008, and before December 2012, it will be required to make certain "make whole" payments on the Class A-2-I-X Notes. Such make whole payments will generally be equivalent to the difference between (a) the net present value of all remaining interest and principal payments related to the early pay down amount assuming a December 2012 repayment date and (b) the principal only related to the early pay down amount.
If the Class A-2-I-X Notes, in whole or in part, remain outstanding after June 20, 2008, the interest rate applied to the outstanding balance is subject to adjustment. The "adjusted interest rate" would be the greater of (i) the current coupon rate; or (ii) a variable per annum rate equal to a
11
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
7. Debt (Continued)
specified swap rate plus 3.355%. The formula for calculating the make whole and the adjusted interest rate is set forth in the Series 2007-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated as of November 29, 2007. As of March 31, 2008, the variable rate is less than the coupon rate.
For further information on the Company's Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes, refer to Exhibit 4.22 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
8. Stock-Based Compensation
From time to time, the Company grants stock options and restricted stock to officers, directors and employees of the Company under the 2001 Stock Incentive Plan (the "2001 Plan") and the 2005 Stock Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors (the "2005 Plan"). The stock options generally vest over a three-year period and have a maturity of ten years from the issuance date. Option exercise prices equal the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of grant. Restricted stock provides for the issuance of a share of the Company's common stock at no cost to the holder and generally vests over terms determined by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors. The restricted stock generally vests only if the employee is actively employed by the Company on the vesting date, and unvested restricted shares are forfeited upon termination, retirement before age 65, death or disability, unless the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors determines otherwise. When vested options and restricted stock are issued, the Company generally issues new shares from its authorized but unissued share pool or utilizes treasury stock. Stock-based compensation for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007 of $3.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, has been recognized as a component of general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.
The estimated fair values of the options granted year-to-date in 2008 were calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. The following summarizes the assumptions used in the 2008 Black-Scholes model:
Risk-free interest rate | 2.75 | % | ||
Weighted average volatility | 76.20 | % | ||
Dividend yield | 2.50 | % | ||
Expected years until exercise | 4.85 | |||
Forfeitures | 6.72 | % | ||
Weighted average fair value of options granted | $ | 21.28 |
12
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
8. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
The following table summarizes the components of the Company's stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated financial statements:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||||
Total Stock-Based Compensation: | ||||||||
Pre-tax compensation expense | $ | 3,072 | 1,065 | |||||
Tax benefit | (304 | ) | (393 | ) | ||||
Total stock-based compensation expense, net of tax | $ | 2,768 | $ | 672 | ||||
As of March 31, 2008, $22.5 million and $6.7 million (including forfeitures) of total unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock and stock options, respectively, is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 2.3 years for restricted stock and 2.8 years for stock options.
Option activity under the Company's stock option plan as of March 31, 2008, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2008, was as follows:
|
Shares |
Weighted Average Exercise Price |
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in Years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 541,756 | $ | 36.41 | |||||||
Granted | 365,000 | $ | 40.00 | |||||||
Exercised | (31,000 | ) | $ | 21.44 | ||||||
Forfeited | (2,500 | ) | $ | 48.09 | ||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2008 | 873,256 | $ | 38.41 | 7.39 | $ | 8,041,463 | ||||
Vested at March 31, 2008 and Expected to Vest | 823,707 | $ | 38.28 | 7.25 | $ | 7,691,800 | ||||
Exercisable at March 31, 2008 | 491,033 | $ | 36.82 | 5.49 | $ | 5,325,780 | ||||
The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the Company's closing stock price on the last trading day of the first quarter of 2008 and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options on March 31, 2008. The amount of aggregate intrinsic value will change based on the fair market value of the Company's stock and the number of in-the-money options.
13
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
8. Stock-Based Compensation (Continued)
A summary of activity related to restricted stock for the three months ended March 31, 2008 is presented below:
|
Shares |
Weighted Average Grant-Date Fair Value |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nonvested at December 31, 2007 | 435,290 | $ | 52.91 | ||
Granted | 252,535 | $ | 40.12 | ||
Released | (27,325 | ) | $ | 48.12 | |
Forfeited | (27,225 | ) | $ | 47.58 | |
Nonvested at March 31, 2008 | 633,275 | $ | 48.24 | ||
9. Other Comprehensive Income
The components of comprehensive income, net of taxes, are as follows:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
(In thousands) |
||||||
Net income: | $ | 13,854 | $ | 11,313 | |||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||
Interest rate swap | 1,722 | 133 | |||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 15,576 | $ | 11,446 | |||
The amount of income tax benefit allocated to the interest rate swap was $0.2 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
10. Assets Held for Sale
In connection with the Applebee's acquisition, the Company assumed a contract to sell a corporate office building for $9.0 million, net of commissions. The Company closed this transaction in January 2008 and did not recognize a gain or loss. In December 2007, the Company began to actively market its corporate aircraft. The Company closed the sale of the aircraft in January 2008 for approximately $2.8 million. No gain or loss was recognized.
In December 2007, the Company began to actively market 41 company-operated Applebee's restaurants. The marketing of these restaurants is part of the Company's plan to ultimately refranchise almost all of the 511 Applebee's restaurants over the next three years. On March 19, 2008, the Company reached an agreement to sell the restaurants, located in California and Nevada, subject to regulatory processes related to liquor license transfer and other customary closing conditions. The sale of these two markets is expected be completed in the third quarter of 2008. The assets for these restaurants, totaling $44.9 million, have been presented as assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2008.
14
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
11. Net Income Per Share
The computation of the Company's basic and diluted net income per share is as follows:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
(In thousands, except per share data) |
||||||
Numerator for basic and dilutive incomeper common share: | |||||||
Net income | $ | 13,854 | $ | 11,313 | |||
Less: Series A preferred stock dividends | (4,750 | ) | | ||||
Less: Accretion of Series B | (521 | ) | | ||||
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 8,583 | $ | 11,313 | |||
Denominator: | |||||||
Weighted average outstanding shares of common stock | 17,200 | 17,842 | |||||
Dilutive effect of: | |||||||
Common stock equivalents | 224 | 204 | |||||
Common stock and common stock equivalents | 17,424 | 18,046 | |||||
Net income per common share: | |||||||
Basic | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.63 | |||
Diluted | $ | 0.50 | $ | 0.63 | |||
The effect of adding shares from the assumed conversion of Series B Convertible Preferred stock to the denominator and the related add-back of the dividends on Series B Convertible Preferred stock to the numerator is anti-dilutive.
12. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is subject to various lawsuits, claims and governmental inspections or audits arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. In the opinion of management, these matters are adequately covered by insurance or, if not so covered, are without merit or are of such a nature or involve amounts that would not have a material adverse impact on the Company's business or consolidated financial statements.
Burton M. Sack v. Applebee's International, Inc.
On March 28, 2008, Burton M. Sack filed a verified petition in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's) seeking appraisal pursuant to Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's on November 29, 2007. Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides appraisal rights to the record holders of shares of any Delaware corporation that is a party to a merger or consolidation, subject to specified exceptions and to compliance with specified procedural requirements. Prior to the filing of the petition, Applebee's had received notices from stockholders, claiming to represent 3,197,263 shares of Applebee's stock, that they intend to seek an appraisal of those shares instead of accepting the merger consideration of $25.50 per share. On April 22, 2008
15
IHOP CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
(Unaudited)
12. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
Applebee's filed and served its response to the petition. The Company believes that a strong case can be made that the fair value of Applebee's stock is not higher than the merger consideration but, at this early stage of the litigation, it is not possible reliably to predict what a court might award to appraisal petitioners as the fair value of their stock under Section 262.
Gerald Fast v. Applebee's
The Company is currently defending a collective action filed under the Fair Labor Standards Act styled Gerald Fast v. Applebee's International, Inc., in which named plaintiffs claim that tipped workers in company restaurants perform excessive amounts of non-tipped work for which they should be compensated at the minimum wage. The court has conditionally certified a nationwide class of servers and bartenders who have worked in company-operated Applebee's restaurants since June 19, 2004. Unlike a class action, a collective action requires potential class members to "opt in" rather than "opt out." On February 12, 2008, 5,540 opt-in forms were filed with the court. Conditional certification is granted under a lenient standard and the Company will have an opportunity to have the class de-certified following the close of discovery at the end of 2008. The Company believes it has strong defenses supporting the de-certification of the class, as well as strong defenses to the substantive claims asserted, and intends to vigorously defend this case. An estimate of the possible loss, if any, or the range of the loss cannot be made and, therefore, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency related to this matter.
13. Subsequent Event
On April 7, 2008, the Company entered into an agreement for a sale-leaseback of its support center in the Kansas City metropolitan area. In connection with this transaction, the Company will receive $40 million less customary closing costs and fees. The initial term of the leaseback agreement is 15 years. As the Company expects to have continuing involvement in the form of future leases, we do not expect sale recognition, in accordance with SFAS No. 98, Accounting for Leases: Sale-Leaseback Transactions Involving Real Estate, Sales-Type Leases of Real Estate, Definition of the Lease Term, and Initial Direct Costs of Direct Financing Leasesan amendment of FASB Statements No. 13, 66, and 91 and a rescission of FASB Statement No. 26 and Technical Bulletin No. 79-11. The transaction is expected to close in the second fiscal quarter of 2008.
16
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Forward-Looking Statements
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a safe harbor for forward-looking statements in certain circumstances. This report contains statements that involve expectations, plans or intentions (such as those relating to future business or financial results, new features or services, or management strategies). These statements are forward-looking and are subject to risks and uncertainties, so actual results may vary materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "expect," "anticipate," "believe," "estimate," "intend," "plan," and other similar expressions. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as well as our consolidated financial statements, related notes, and the other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
The following discussion and analysis provides information we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. The discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
Overview
IHOP Corp. (the "Company," "we" or "our") was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1976. The first International House of Pancakes restaurant opened in 1958 in Toluca Lake, California. Shortly thereafter we began developing and franchising additional restaurants. In November 2007, we completed the acquisition of Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's"), which became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. We own and operate two restaurant concepts in the casual dining and family dining niches: Applebee's Neighborhood Grill and Bar®, or Applebee's, and International House of Pancakes, or IHOP. References herein to Applebee's and IHOP restaurants are to these two restaurant concepts, whether operated by franchisees or the Company. Sales of restaurants that are owned by franchises and area licensees are not attributable to the Company. With more than 3,300 restaurants combined, we are one of the largest full-service restaurant companies in the world.
Restaurant Concepts
Applebee's
We franchise and operate restaurants in the bar and grill segment of the casual dining industry under the name "Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar®." With 1,986 system-wide restaurants as of March 31, 2008, Applebee's Neighborhood Grill & Bar is one of the largest casual dining concepts in the world, in terms of number of restaurants and market share.
Generally, Applebee's franchise arrangements consist of a development agreement and separate franchise agreement. Development agreements grant the exclusive right to develop restaurants in a designated geographic area over a specified period of time. The term of a domestic development agreement is generally 20 years. The development agreements provide for an initial development schedule of one to five years, as agreed upon by the Company and the franchisee. After the initial development schedule, the Company and the franchisee generally execute a series of supplemental development schedules established by a methodology included within the development agreement.
17
The franchisee enters into a separate franchise agreement for the operation of each Applebee's restaurant. Our standard franchise agreement has a term of 20 years and permits renewal for up to an additional 20 years upon payment of an additional franchise fee. For each restaurant developed, our standard franchise arrangement requires an initial franchisee fee of $35,000 and a royalty fee equal to 4% of the restaurant's monthly net sales. We have agreements with a majority of our franchisees for Applebee's restaurants opened before January 1, 2000, which maintain the existing royalty rate of 4% and extend the initial term of the franchise agreements until 2020. The terms, royalties and advertising fees under a limited number of franchise agreements and the remaining franchise fees under older development agreements vary from the currently offered arrangements.
We currently require domestic franchisees of Applebee's restaurants to contribute 2.75% of their gross sales to the national advertising fund and to spend at least 1% of their gross sales on local marketing and promotional activities. Under the current Applebee's franchise agreements, we have the ability to increase the amount of the required combined contribution to the national advertising fund and the amount required to be spent on local marketing and promotional activities to a maximum of 5% of gross sales.
We plan to pursue a strategy which includes transitioning to an approximately 98% franchised system, and to sell the real estate on which company-operated restaurants are situated. We plan to execute this strategy by refranchising most of the 511 Applebee's domestic company-operated restaurants, and selling almost all of the approximately 200 fee-owned Applebee's properties through sale/leaseback transactions. This heavily franchised business model is expected to demand less capital, generate higher margins, and reduce the volatility of cash flow performance over time.
The following table represents Applebee's franchisee restaurant development commitments for 2008 and 2009. We have disclosed development commitments for only a two-year period as the Applebee's development agreements generally provide for a series of two-year development commitments after the initial development period.
|
|
Scheduled Opening of Restaurants by Year |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Opened Q1 2008 |
Balance of 2008 |
2009 |
|||
Domestic development commitments | 11 | 23 | 28 | |||
International development commitments | 5 | 16 | 17 | |||
16 | 39 | 45 | ||||
IHOP
Under our current business model which was adopted in January 2003, a potential franchisee first enters into a single store development agreement or a multi-store development agreement and, upon completion of a prescribed approval procedure, is primarily responsible for the initial development and financing of the new IHOP franchised restaurant. In general, we do not provide any financing arrangement with respect to the franchise fee or otherwise. Thus, the franchisee uses its own capital and financial resources along with third party financial sources to purchase or lease a site, build and equip the business and fund working capital needs.
The cash received from a typical franchise arrangement includes (a) (i) a location fee equal to $15,000 upon execution of a single store development agreement or (ii) a development fee equal to $20,000 for each IHOP restaurant that the franchisee contracts to develop upon execution of a multi-store development agreement; (b) a franchise fee equal to (i) $50,000 (against which the $15,000 location fee will be credited) for a restaurant developed under a single store development agreement or
18
(ii) $40,000 (against which the $20,000 development fee will be credited) for each restaurant developed under a multi-store development agreement, in each case, paid upon execution of the franchise agreement; (c) franchise royalties equal to 4.5% of weekly gross sales; (d) revenue from the sale of pancake and waffle dry-mixes; and (e) franchise advertising fees. The franchise advertising fees are comprised of (i) a local advertising fee generally equal to 2.0% of weekly gross sales, which is usually collected by us and then paid to a local advertising cooperative to cover the cost of local media purchases and other local advertising expenses, and (ii) a national advertising fee equal to 1.0% of weekly gross sales.
IHOP franchisees and company-operated restaurants contribute a percentage of their sales to local advertising cooperatives and a national advertising fund. Most franchise agreements call for contributions to the local advertising cooperatives equal to 2.0% of gross sales and a contribution of 1.0% of gross sales to the national advertising fund. Area licensees are required to pay lesser amounts toward advertising. As approved by our franchisees, in 2007 and 2008 a portion of the local advertising contribution has been reallocated to the national advertising fund allowing us to reach our target audience more frequently and in a more effective way through national advertising.
IHOP franchised restaurants established prior to 2004 under our old business model (the "Old Business Model") were developed by the Company, and required our substantial involvement in all aspects of the development and financing of the restaurants. In particular, under the Old Business Model, we identified the site for a new IHOP restaurant, purchased or leased the site from a third party, built and equipped the restaurant and then franchised it to the franchisee. In addition, IHOP typically financed approximately 80% of the franchise fee over five to eight years and leased the restaurant and equipment to the franchisee over a 25-year period.
The cash received from a typical franchise arrangement under the Old Business Model included: (a) the franchise fee, a portion of which (typically 20%) was paid upon execution of the franchise agreement; (b) interest income from the financing arrangements for the unpaid portion of the franchise fee under the franchise notes; (c) franchise royalties typically equal to 4.5% of weekly gross sales; (d) income from the subleasing of the leased real property under a franchisee sublease and income from the leasing of the owned real property under the related leases to franchisees; (e) income from the leasing of equipment under an equipment lease; (f) revenue from the sale of pancake and waffle dry-mixes; and (g) franchise advertising fees. The franchise advertising fees are comprised of (i) a local advertising fee generally equal to 2.0% of weekly gross sales under the franchise agreement, which was usually collected by us and then paid to a local advertising cooperative to cover the cost of local media purchases and other local advertising expenses and (ii) a national advertising fee equal to 1.0% of weekly gross sales under the franchise agreement. In a few cases, with respect to the reacquired restaurants, or otherwise, we have agreed to accept reduced royalties and/or lease payments from franchisees or have provided other accommodations to franchisees for a period of time in order to assist them in either establishing or reinvigorating their business.
The following table represents IHOP signed restaurant development commitments including options as of March 31, 2008:
|
|
Scheduled Opening of Restaurants |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Signed Agreements at 3/31/08 |
|||||||||||
|
Remainder of 2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 and thereafter |
Total |
|||||||
Single-store development agreements | 16 | 6 | 9 | 1 | | 16 | ||||||
Multi-store development agreements | 90 | 66 | 66 | 51 | 201 | 384 | ||||||
International territorial agreements | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 41 | 56 | ||||||
112 | 77 | 80 | 57 | 242 | 456 | |||||||
19
Segments
We identify our segments based on the organizational units used by management to monitor performance and make operating decisions. Our revenues and expenses are recorded in four segments: franchise operations, company restaurant operations, rental operations, and financing operations. Within the applicable segment, we operate two distinct restaurant concepts: Applebee's and IHOP.
Applebee's
The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by Applebee's franchisees in the United States, 17 countries outside the United States and one U.S. territory. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues. Franchise operations expenses include costs related to intellectual property provided to certain franchisees.
The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States and China. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs. The operating results of this segment are substantially generated by Applebee's restaurants.
Rental operations and financing operations activities are not currently part of Applebee's business.
IHOP
The franchise operations segment consists of restaurants operated by IHOP franchisees and area licensees in the United States, one U.S. territory and two countries outside the United States. Franchise operations revenue consists primarily of franchise royalty revenues, sales of proprietary products, franchise advertising fees and the portion of the franchise fees allocated to IHOP intellectual property. Franchise operations expenses include advertising expense, the cost of proprietary products and pre-opening training expenses and other franchise-related costs.
The company restaurant operations segment consists of company-operated restaurants in the United States. In addition, from time to time, restaurants that are reacquired from franchisees are operated by IHOP on a temporary basis. Company restaurant sales are retail sales at company-operated restaurants. Company restaurant expenses are operating expenses at company-operated restaurants and include food, labor, benefits, utilities, rent and other restaurant operating costs.
Rental operations revenue includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental operations expenses are costs of operating leases and interest expense on capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants. The rental operations segment is exclusively generated by IHOP.
Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.
Key Overall StrategiesUpdate
See "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.Key Overall Strategies" contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 for a detailed discussion of Applebee's and IHOP's key strategies.
20
Recent developments with respect to several Applebee's key strategies include:
Refranchise Company-Operated Restaurants and Sell Owned Real Estate
Re-energize the Applebee's Brand
Improve Restaurant Operations
Strengthen Company Restaurant Profitability
Restaurant Data
The following table sets forth, for the current year and prior year, the number of effective restaurants in the IHOP system and information regarding the percentage change in sales at those restaurants compared to the same period in the prior year. "Effective restaurants" are the number of restaurants in a given period, adjusted to account for restaurants open for only a portion of the period. Information is presented for all effective restaurants in the IHOP system, which includes IHOP restaurants owned by the Company, as well as those owned by franchisees and area licensees. Sales at restaurants that are owned by franchisees and area licensees are not attributable to the Company. However, we believe that presentation of this information is useful in analyzing our revenues because franchisees and area licensees pay us royalties and advertising fees that are generally based on a
21
percentage of their sales, as well as rental payments under leases that are usually based on a percentage of their sales. Management also uses this information to make decisions about future plans for the development of additional restaurants as well as evaluation of current operations. Pro forma information on Applebee's restaurant data and restaurant development and franchising activity is presented in the section entitled "Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007Applebee's" herein.
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
IHOP Restaurant Data | |||||||
Effective restaurants(a) | |||||||
Franchise | 1,175 | 1,128 | |||||
Company | 10 | 11 | |||||
Area license | 157 | 160 | |||||
Total | 1,342 | 1,299 | |||||
System-wide(b) | |||||||
IHOP sales percentage change(c) | 7.9 | % | 5.3 | % | |||
IHOP same-store sales percentage change(d) | 3.7 | % | 0.5 | % | |||
Franchise(b) | |||||||
IHOP sales percentage change(c) | 8.5 | % | 5.2 | % | |||
IHOP same-store sales percentage change(d) | 3.7 | % | 0.6 | % | |||
Company | |||||||
IHOP sales percentage change(c) | (2.2 | )% | 18.1 | % | |||
Area License(b) | |||||||
IHOP sales percentage change(c) | 3.2 | % | 5.0 | % |
22
throughout both fiscal periods being compared will be different from period to period. Same-store sales percentage change does not include data on IHOP restaurants located in Florida.
The following table summarizes our restaurant development and franchising activity:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
(Unaudited) |
||||||
IHOP Restaurant Development Activity | |||||||
Beginning of period | 1,344 | 1,302 | |||||
New openings | |||||||
Company-developed | | | |||||
Franchisee-developed | 11 | 6 | |||||
International franchisee-developed | | 2 | |||||
Area license | | | |||||
Total new openings | 11 | 8 | |||||
Closings | |||||||
Company and franchise | (2 | ) | (4 | ) | |||
Area license | | | |||||
End of period | 1,353 | 1,306 | |||||
Summary-end of period | |||||||
Franchise | 1,186 | 1,133 | |||||
Company | 10 | 13 | |||||
Area license | 157 | 160 | |||||
Total | 1,353 | 1,306 | |||||
IHOP Restaurant Franchising Activity | |||||||
Company-developed | | | |||||
Domestic franchisee-developed | 11 | 6 | |||||
International franchisee-developed | | 2 | |||||
Rehabilitated and refranchised | 4 | 2 | |||||
Total restaurants franchised | 15 | 10 | |||||
Reacquired by the Company | (3 | ) | (6 | ) | |||
Closed | (2 | ) | (3 | ) | |||
Net addition | 10 | 1 | |||||
23
Comparison of Quarter Ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter Ended March 31, 2007
Overview
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
Variance |
||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||||
Applebee's | $ | 345,964 | $ | | $ | 345,964 | |||||
IHOP | 96,825 | 90,124 | 6,701 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 442,789 | 90,124 | 352,665 | ||||||||
Cost of revenues | |||||||||||
Applebee's | 272,545 | | (272,545 | ) | |||||||
IHOP | 55,426 | 50,887 | (4,539 | ) | |||||||
Total cost of revenues | 327,971 | 50,887 | (277,084 | ) | |||||||
Segment Profit | |||||||||||
Applebee's | 73,419 | | 73,419 | ||||||||
IHOP | 41,399 | 39,237 | 2,162 | ||||||||
Total segment profit | 114,818 | 39,237 | 75,581 | ||||||||
General and administrative expenses | 47,574 | 16,121 | (31,453 | ) | |||||||
Interest expense | 50,647 | 2,215 | (48,432 | ) | |||||||
Other costs and expenses | 1,117 | 2,972 | 1,855 | ||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 15,480 | $ | 17,929 | $ | (2,449 | ) | ||||
Our results for the first quarter of 2008 were significantly impacted by the amount of interest expense on $2.3 billion of funded debt incurred during fiscal 2007 and consolidation of Applebee's results of operations for the entire quarter (see "Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007Applebee's"). A comparison of our financial results for the first quarter of 2008 to those in 2007 included:
24
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
Variance |
|||||||
Franchise Revenues | ||||||||||
Applebee's | $ | 37,937 | $ | | $ | 37,937 | ||||
IHOP | 51,997 | 47,050 | 4,947 | |||||||
Total Franchise Revenues | $ | 89,934 | $ | 47,050 | $ | 42,884 | ||||
Consolidated franchise revenues grew by 91.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. Consolidated franchise revenues grew due to the Applebee's acquisition as well as a $4.9 million increase in IHOP franchise revenues. The increase in IHOP franchise revenue was primarily due to an 8.5% increase in IHOP franchise restaurant sales that was primarily attributable to the following:
"Effective restaurants" are the number of restaurants in a given fiscal period adjusted to account for restaurants open for only a portion of the period. Franchise restaurant retail sales are sales recorded at restaurants that are owned by franchisees and area licensees and are not attributable to the Company. Franchise restaurant retail sales are useful in analyzing our franchise revenues because franchisees and area licensees pay us royalties and other fees that are generally based on a percentage of their sales.
Consolidated franchise operations profit increased by $40.7 million, of which $37.5 million was due to the Applebee's acquisition.
IHOP franchise operations profit, which is franchise revenues less franchise expenses, increased by $3.2 million or 12.5% in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. The $4.9 million increase in franchise revenues was partially offset by franchise expenses which increased by $1.7 million or 8.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007. Franchise expenses such as advertising and the cost of proprietary products are related to franchise restaurant retail sales. Partially offsetting this increase, franchise expenses in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the first quarter of 2007 benefited from a reduction in the amount of financial relief granted to franchisees. The reduction in franchisee relief granted was primarily due to fewer underperforming restaurants in our system than in the previous year.
Company Restaurant Operations
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
Variance |
||||||||
Company Restaurant Sales | |||||||||||
Applebee's | $ | 308,027 | $ | | $ | 308,027 | |||||
IHOP | 3,895 | 3,984 | (89 | ) | |||||||
Total Company Restaurant Sales | $ | 311,922 | $ | 3,984 | $ | 307,938 | |||||
Total company restaurant sales in the first quarter of 2008 increased by $307.9 million as compared with the same period in 2007. The increase in total company restaurant sales was primarily due to the Applebee's acquisition. The company restaurant expenses increased by $271.9 million in the first
25
quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This increase was due almost exclusively to Applebee's, which contributed $272.1 million of the increase.
Company restaurant operations loss for IHOP company restaurants was $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2008, a slight improvement over the loss of $0.6 million in the first quarter of 2007, primarily due to lower salary and benefits costs.
Rental Operations
Rental income includes revenue from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental expenses are costs of prime operating leases and interest expense on prime capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants.
A prime lease is a lease between the Company and a third party, the landlord, whereby the Company pays rent to the landlord. Restaurants on these leases are either subleased to a franchisee or, in a few instances, operated by the Company. A sublease is a lease between the Company and a franchisee, whereby the franchisee pays rent to the Company.
Rental operations profit, which is rental income less rental expenses, decreased by $0.2 million or 2.1% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007.
Applebee's does not have rental operations.
Financing Operations
Financing operations profit, which is financing revenues less financing expenses, decreased by $1.0 million or 17.3% in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in 2007. Financing revenues increased by $1.9 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in the prior year. Revenues from sales of franchises and equipment increased by $2.3 million due to the refranchising of six stores in the 2008 period compared to two stores in 2007, partially offset by a decrease of $0.4 million in franchise and equipment note interest due to the ongoing reduction in franchise fee note balances.
Financing expenses increased by $2.9 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period in 2007. This is primarily due to $3.3 million in expenses associated with the six refranchised restaurants compared to $0.5 million in expenses associated with two refranchised restaurants in the first quarter of 2007.
Applebee's does not have financing operations.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased by $31.5 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period in the prior year; $28.6 million of this increase was due to the acquisition of Applebee's. Additionally, professional services increased by $1.3 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the same period of the prior year, primarily due to costs related to the ongoing integration of Applebee's. Compensation expenses increased by $0.5 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared with the first quarter of 2007, primarily related to the issuance of restricted stock and stock options.
Interest Expense
Interest expense increased by $48.4 million in the first quarter of 2008 compared to the same period of 2007, primarily due to Applebee's acquisition-related debt.
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Early Debt Extinguishment Costs
Early debt extinguishment costs in the amount of $2.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 resulted from early debt retirement through funds generated from a securitization transaction. These costs include $1.2 million for prepayment penalties as a result of paying off pre-existing debt, and $1.0 million related to the write-off of deferred financing costs. There were no similar costs incurred in the first quarter of 2008.
Other Income and Expense
Other income was $1.8 million for the first quarter of 2008 compared to other expense of $0.7 million in the same period of 2007. The primary reason for the increase is interest income earned on the increased restricted cash balances related to the acquisition-related debt.
Provision for Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was 9.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2008 compared with 36.9% for the quarter ended March 31, 2007. The effective tax rate is lower than the federal statutory rate of 35% due to tax credits, partially offset by state income taxes. The tax credits are primarily projected 2008 Applebee's company-owned restaurant compensation-related tax credits (primarily FICA tip credits) to be utilized against a relatively small projected fiscal 2008 taxable income.
Pro Forma Comparison of Quarter ended March 31, 2008 with Quarter ended March 31, 2007Applebee's
The following is a comparison of (i) information for the first quarter of 2008 for our Applebee's segment and (ii) information for the first quarter of 2007 for Applebee's International, Inc. prior to the acquisition date ("Predecessor Applebee's").
27
Restaurant Data
The following table sets forth, for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, the number of effective restaurants in the Applebee's system and information regarding the percentage change in sales at those restaurants compared to the same period in the prior year.
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
|
(Predecessor Applebee's) |
|||||
Applebee's Restaurant Data | |||||||
Effective restaurants(a) | |||||||
Company | 511 | 524 | |||||
Franchise | 1,467 | 1,412 | |||||
Total | 1,978 | 1,936 | |||||
System-wide(b) | |||||||
Applebee's domestic sales percentage change(c) | 2.8 | % | 0.3 | % | |||
Applebee's domestic same-store sales percentage change(d) | 0.5 | % | (4.0 | )% | |||
Franchise(b) | |||||||
Applebee's domestic sales percentage change(c) | 2.6 | % | 0.6 | % | |||
Applebee's domestic same-store sales percentage change(d) | 0.0 | % | (3.9 | )% | |||
Company | |||||||
Applebee's sales percentage change(c) | 3.2 | % | (0.8 | )% | |||
Applebee's same-store sales percentage(d) | 2.1 | % | (4.5 | )% |
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The following table summarizes Applebee's restaurant development and franchising activity:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||
|
|
(Predecessor Applebee's) |
||||||
Applebee's Restaurant Development Activity | ||||||||
Beginning of period | 1,976 | 1,930 | ||||||
New openings | ||||||||
Company-developed | 1 | 7 | ||||||
Franchisee-developed | 16 | 13 | ||||||
Total new openings | 17 | 20 | ||||||
Closings | ||||||||
Company | (1 | ) | (19 | ) | ||||
Franchise | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
End of period | 1,986 | 1,930 | ||||||
Summaryend of period | ||||||||
Company | 511 | 509 | ||||||
Franchise | 1,475 | 1,421 | ||||||
Total | 1,986 | 1,930 | ||||||
Applebee's Restaurant Franchising Activity | ||||||||
Domestic franchisee-developed | 11 | 12 | ||||||
International franchisee-developed | 5 | 1 | ||||||
Total restaurants franchised | 16 | 13 | ||||||
Closings | ||||||||
Domestic franchisee | (5 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
International franchisee | (1 | ) | | |||||
Total franchisee closings | (6 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||
Net addition | 10 | 12 | ||||||
Results of Operations
The following table illustrates a comparison of certain financial results of Applebee's for the three months ended March 31, 2008 on a stand-alone basis with that of Predecessor Applebee's for the three months ended March 31, 2007:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||
|
|
(Predecessor Applebee's) |
||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||
Franchise revenues | $ | 37,937 | $ | 37,521 | ||
Company restaurant sales | $ | 308,027 | $ | 298,617 | ||
Franchise expenses | $ | 430 | $ | 373 | ||
Company restaurant expenses | $ | 272,115 | $ | 260,405 |
29
Franchise Operations
Applebee's franchise revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased 1.1% from $37.5 million to $37.9 million as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2007 primarily due to an increase in effective restaurants from 1,412 restaurants in 2007 to 1,467 restaurants in 2008. Franchise restaurant same-store sales were flat compared with the same quarter of the prior year.
Company Restaurant Operations
Applebee's company restaurant sales for the three months ended March 31, 2008 increased 3.2% from $298.6 million in the first quarter of 2007 to $308.0 million in the first quarter of 2008. The increase in 2008 was favorably impacted by an increase in same stores sales of 2.1% and an increase in the effective number of restaurants. The increase in same store sales reflected a 5.0% increase in average guest check, of which 3.1% related to menu pricing increases and 1.9% to a favorable mix shift, partially offset by declines in guest traffic.
Company restaurant operating profit for Applebee's company restaurants decreased by $2.3 million from $38.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 to $35.9 million in the first quarter of 2008. The components of company restaurant expenses, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, were as follows:
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
Variance |
||||
|
|
(Predecessor Applebee's) |
|
||||
Food and beverage | 27.1 | % | 26.5 | % | (0.6 | )% | |
Labor | 35.2 | % | 33.9 | % | (1.3 | )% | |
Direct and occupancy | 26.0 | % | 26.6 | % | 0.6 | % | |
Pre-opening expense | 0.1 | % | 0.3 | % | 0.2 | % | |
Total Cost of Company Restaurant Sales* | 88.3 | % | 87.2 | % | (1.1 | )% | |
Total food and beverage costs increased by 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due primarily to higher food costs related to Applebee's menu promotions and the unfavorable impact of a shift in menu mix, partially offset by the impact of menu price increases of approximately 3% as well as improved food cost management at the company-operated restaurants.
Total labor costs increased by 1.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to higher management incentive compensation and higher restaurant management salaries and hourly wage rates, including the impact of state minimum wage rate increases, partially offset by the impact of higher sales volumes on labor costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales.
Direct and occupancy costs decreased by 0.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due primarily to favorable year-over-year comparisons for depreciation expense which resulted from the purchase price allocation related to the Applebee's acquisition as well as lower depreciation expense due to the reclassification of approximately 40 restaurants to assets held for sale, partially offset by an increase in amortization expense related to intangible assets.
30
Pre-opening expense decreased by 0.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2008 compared to the same period in 2007 due to a decline in the number of company restaurant openings.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We currently anticipate that our cash and cash equivalents, together with expected cash flows from operations, sale-leaseback and refranchising will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for working capital, retirement of securitized debt, capital expenditures and other obligations for at least the next 12 months.
Cash Flows
Our primary ongoing sources of liquidity are cash provided by operating activities and principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable from our franchisees. Principal uses of cash are capital investment, payments of dividends and, more recently, costs related to the acquisition of Applebee's.
For the next several years, we expect these sources to be significantly supplemented by proceeds from the refranchising of Applebee's company-operated domestic restaurants and sale/leaseback transactions for 191 company-owned real estate parcels. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, for a detail discussion of these initiatives.
As mentioned above, we intend to complete certain sale-leaseback transactions of the real estate property on which 191 company-owned Applebee's restaurants are situated. However, we have not yet determined how or when the properties will be sold. The sale-leaseback transactions may be effected in a single, large transaction, through a series of smaller transactions effected over a period of time, or in some other fashion.
The terms of the Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes (the "Class A-2-I-X Notes") obligate us to use the proceeds from the sale-leaseback transactions to repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes. If we repay the Class A-2-I-X Notes in whole or in part after June 20, 2008, and before December 2012, we will be required to make certain "make whole" payments on the Class A-2-I-X Notes. Such make whole payments will generally be equivalent to the difference between (a) the net present value of all remaining interest and principal payments related to the early pay down amount assuming a December 2012 repayment date and (b) the principal only related to the early pay down amount.
If the Class A-2-I-X Notes, in whole or in part, remain outstanding after June 20, 2008, the interest rate applied to the outstanding balance is subject to adjustment. The "adjusted interest rate" would be the greater of (i) the current coupon rate; or (ii) a variable per annum rate equal to a specified swap rate plus 3.355%. The formula for calculating the make whole and the adjusted interest rate is set forth in the Series 2007-1 Supplement to the Base Indenture, dated as of November 29, 2007. As of April 30, 2008, the variable rate is less than the coupon rate.
For further information on our Series 2007-1 Class A-2-I-X Fixed Rate Term Senior Notes, refer to Exhibit 4.22 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities is primarily driven by revenues earned and collected from our franchisees, operating earnings from our company-operated restaurants and profit from our rental operations and financing operations. Franchise revenues consist of royalties, IHOP advertising fees and sales of proprietary products for IHOP which fluctuate with increases or decreases in franchise retail sales. Franchise retail sales are impacted by the development of IHOP and Applebee's restaurants by
31
our franchisees and by fluctuations in same-store sales. Operating earnings from Company restaurants are impacted by many factors which include but are not limited to changes in traffic pattern, pricing activities and changes in operating expenses. Rental operations profit is rental income less rental expenses. Rental income includes revenues from operating leases and interest income from direct financing leases. Rental expenses are costs of prime operating leases and interest expense on prime capital leases on franchisee-operated restaurants. Financing operations revenue consists of the portion of franchise fees not allocated to IHOP intellectual property, sales of equipment, as well as interest income from the financing of franchise fees and equipment leases. Financing expenses are primarily the cost of restaurant equipment.
Cash provided by operating activities decreased to $10.0 million in the first quarter of 2008 from $15.8 million in the same period in 2007. While cash flow from receivables collections related to Applebee's company-owned restaurants increased, this was more than offset by the reduction of deferred income due to increased redemptions of gift cards (revenue from which is recognized in the current period as redeemed, but cash was already received in a prior period), and lower payables.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities in the first quarter of 2008 was primarily attributable to $18.1 million in capital expenditures and $10.0 million in Applebee's acquisition costs offset by $12.4 million in proceeds from disposition of assets held for sale and $4.2 million in principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable. Approximately $7.7 million of the 2008 capital expenditures related to the construction of Applebee's new Lenexa, Kansas headquarters. The Company currently estimates that capital expenditures for fiscal 2008 will range from $30 million to $34 million, an increase from approximately $25 million originally estimated.
Net cash provided by investing activities in the first quarter of 2007 was primarily attributable to $3.9 million in principal receipts from notes and equipment contracts receivable, offsetting capital expenditures of $0.8 million.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2008 was primarily attributable to the $16.3 million decrease in restricted cash partially offset by $6.0 million in dividend payments and $2.8 million paid in debt issuance costs. Net cash provided by financing activities in the first quarter of 2007 was primarily attributable to $190.0 million in proceeds received from the issuance of securitized debt. This was offset by the repayment of $129.2 million in long-term debt with the proceeds from the 2007 debt issuances and $31.0 million related to stock repurchases.
Share Repurchases and Dividends
Under the current stock repurchase program, which began in 2003, we are authorized to repurchase up to 7.2 million shares of common stock. Since the inception of the program, we have bought back 6.3 million shares for a total of $280.0 million, leaving 0.9 million shares available for repurchase under this program. There were no shares repurchased during the first quarter of 2008. We do not expect to repurchase shares during the remaining nine months of 2008, but plan to resume share repurchases in 2010 or 2011, financial conditions permitting.
We have accrued $4.75 million as dividends for the Series A Perpetual Preferred Stock as of the quarter ended March 31, 2008, included in other accrued expenses in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The dividends were paid the first day following the end of the first quarter of 2008. The accreted value of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock increased by $521,000 during the first quarter of 2008.
32
The Company has paid regular quarterly dividends of $0.25 per common share since May 2003. On April 7, 2008, the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.25 per common share, payable on May 20, 2008, to stockholders of record as of May 1, 2008. Future dividends will be declared at the discretion of the Board of Directors.
Debt Instruments and Related Covenants
For information on the Company's outstanding debt instruments, refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007. As of March 31, 2008, the Company was in compliance with all covenants and restrictions related to its debt instruments.
Critical Accounting Policies
We prepare our Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these financial statements requires senior management to make estimates, assumptions and subjective or complex judgments that are inherently uncertain and may significantly impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in the estimates, assumptions and judgments affecting the application of these policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. We consider the following policies to be most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business we utilize derivative instruments to manage our exposure to interest rate risks. We account for our derivative instruments under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activitiesan amendment of FASB Statement No. 133, and SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. The standard requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value and establishes criteria for designation and effectiveness of the hedging relationships.
We use derivative financial instruments primarily for purposes of hedging exposures to fluctuations in interest rates. All derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at fair value. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is attributable to a particular risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of other comprehensive income or loss and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (for example, in "interest expense" when the hedged transactions are interest cash flows associated with debt). The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any, is recognized in other income/expense in current earnings during the period of change.
At inception of the hedge, we choose the Hypothetical Derivative Method of effectiveness calculation, which we must use for the life of the contract, and we will measure effectiveness quarterly. When hedge treatment is achieved under SFAS 133, the changes in fair values related to the effective portion of the derivatives are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss or in income/expense, depending on the designation of the derivative as a cash flow hedge. We obtain the values on a quarterly basis from the counterparty of the derivative contracts. The undesignated portion of the derivative contract is calculated and recorded in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income for each quarter until settled.
33
Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes based on our estimate of federal and state income tax liabilities. Our annual tax rate is based on our income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Tax laws are complex and subject to different interpretations by the taxpayers and respective governmental authorities. Significant judgment is required in determining our tax expense and in evaluating our tax positions. We review our tax positions quarterly and adjust the balances as new information becomes available.
We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates for the effect of temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of recorded assets and liabilities. Deferred tax accounting requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portions or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. This test requires projection of our taxable income into future years to determine if there will be taxable income sufficient to realize the tax assets. The preparation of the projections requires considerable judgment and is subject to change to reflect future events and changes in the tax laws. When we establish or reduce the valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets, our income tax expense will increase or decrease, respectively, in the period such determination is made.
Tax contingency reserves result from our estimates of potential liabilities resulting from differences between actual and audited results. We usually file our income tax returns several months after our fiscal year end. All tax returns are subject to audit by federal and state governments, usually years after the returns are filed, and could be subject to differing interpretation of the tax laws. Changes in the tax contingency reserves result from resolution of audits of prior year filings, the expiration of the statute of limitations, changes in tax laws and current year estimates for asserted and unasserted items. Inherent uncertainties exist in estimates of tax contingencies due to changes in tax law, both legislated and concluded through the various jurisdictions' tax court systems. Significant changes in our estimates could materially affect our reported results.
Under FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income TaxesAn Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 ("FIN 48"), tax positions that previously failed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold should be recognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is met. Previously recognized tax positions that no longer meet the more-likely-than-not threshold should be derecognized in the first subsequent financial reporting period in which that threshold is not longer met. We are subject to taxation in many jurisdictions, and the calculation of our tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations in various tax jurisdictions. The application is subject to legal and factual interpretation, judgment and uncertainty. Tax laws and regulations themselves are subject to change as a result of changes in fiscal policy, changes in legislation, the evolution of regulations and court rulings. Therefore, the actual liability for taxes may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional tax liabilities or potentially to reverse previously recorded tax liabilities.
Leases
Our restaurants are located on (i) sites owned by us, (ii) sites leased by us from third parties and (iii) sites owned or leased by franchisees. At the inception of the lease, each property is evaluated to determine whether the lease will be accounted for as an operating or capital lease in accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13, Accounting for Leases ("SFAS 13") and subsequent amendments.
The lease term used for straight-line rent expense is calculated from the date we obtain possession of the leased premises through the lease termination date. Prior to January 2, 2006, we capitalized rent expense from possession date through construction completion and reported the related asset in property and equipment. Capitalized rent was amortized through depreciation and amortization
34
expense over the estimated useful life of the related assets limited to the lease term. Straight-line rent recorded during the preopening period (construction completion through restaurant open date) was recorded as expense. Commencing January 2, 2006, we expense rent from possession date through restaurant open date, in accordance with FASB Staff Position No. 13-1, Accounting for Rental Costs Incurred during a Construction Period. Once a restaurant opens for business, we record straight-line rent over the lease term plus contingent rent to the extent it exceeded the minimum rent obligation per the lease agreement. We use a consistent lease term when calculating depreciation of leasehold improvements, when determining straight-line rent expense and when determining classification of our leases as either operating or capital.
There is potential for variability in the rent holiday period, which begins on the possession date and ends on the restaurant open date, during which no cash rent payments are typically due under the terms of the lease. Factors that may affect the length of the rent holiday period generally relate to construction related delays. Extension of the rent holiday period due to delays in restaurant opening will result in greater preopening rent expense recognized during the rent holiday period and lesser occupancy expense during the rest of the lease term (post-opening).
For leases that contain rent escalations, we record the total rent payable during the lease term, as determined above, on the straight-line basis over the term of the lease (including the rent holiday period beginning upon our possession of the premises), and record the difference between the minimum rents paid and the straight-line rent as a lease obligation. Certain leases contain provisions that require additional rental payments based upon restaurant sales volume ("contingent rent"). Contingent rentals are accrued each period as the liabilities are incurred, in addition to the straight-line rent expense noted above.
Certain of our lease agreements contain tenant improvement allowances. For purposes of recognizing incentives, we amortize the incentives over the shorter of the estimated useful life or lease term. For tenant improvement allowances, we also record a deferred rent liability or an obligation in our non-current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
Management makes judgments regarding the probable term for each restaurant property lease, which can impact the classification and accounting for a lease as capital or operating, the rent holiday and/or escalations in payment that are taken into consideration when calculating straight-line rent and the term over which leasehold improvements for each restaurant are amortized. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of depreciation, amortization and rent expense that would be reported if different assumed lease terms were used.
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123(R)"). Accordingly, we measure stock-based compensation expense at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, and recognize the expense over the employee's requisite service period using the straight-line method. Under SFAS 123(R), the fair value of each employee stock option and restricted stock award is estimated on the date of grant using an option pricing model that meets certain requirements. We currently use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of our share-based compensation. The Black-Scholes model meets the requirements of SFAS 123(R). The measurement of stock-based compensation expense is based on several criteria including, but not limited to, the valuation model used and associated input factors, such as expected term of the award, stock price volatility, risk free interest rate and forfeiture rate. These inputs are subjective and are determined using management's judgment. If differences arise between the assumptions used in determining stock-based compensation expense and the actual factors which become known over time, we may change the input factors used in determining future stock-based compensation expense. Any such changes could materially impact our operations in the period in which the changes are made and in subsequent periods.
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Long-Lived Assets
We assess long-lived and intangible assets with finite lives for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. We test impairment using historical cash flows and other relevant facts and circumstances as the primary basis for our estimates of future cash flows. We consider factors such as the number of years the restaurant has been operated by us, sales trends, cash flow trends, remaining lease life, and other factors which apply on a case-by-case basis. The analysis is performed at the individual restaurant level for indicators of permanent impairment. Recoverability of the restaurant's assets is measured by comparing the assets' carrying value to the undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated over the assets' remaining useful life or remaining lease term, whichever is less. If the total expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the assets, the carrying amount is written down to the estimated fair value, and a loss resulting from impairment is recognized by charging to earnings. This process requires the use of estimates and assumptions, which are subject to a high degree of judgment. If these assumptions change in the future, we may be required to record impairment charges for these assets.
Goodwill and Intangibles
Goodwill represents the excess of acquisition cost over the fair value of the net assets of acquired businesses. The amounts and useful lives assigned to intangible assets acquired, other than goodwill, impact the amount and timing of future amortization. The value of our intangible assets, including goodwill, could be impacted by future adverse changes such as (i) any future declines in our operating results, (ii) a decline in the valuation of our common stock, or (iii) any failure to meet the performance projections included in our forecasts of future operating results. We evaluate these assets, including intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives, on an annual basis in the fourth quarter or more frequently if we believe indicators of impairment exist. In the process of our annual impairment review, we primarily use the income approach method of valuation that includes the discounted cash flow method as well as other generally accepted valuation methodologies to determine the fair value of our intangible assets. Management's judgment is required in the forecasts of future operating results that are used in the discounted cash flow method of valuation.
New Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS 157") which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 requires companies to disclose the fair value of their financial instruments according to a fair value hierarchy, as defined. SFAS 157 may require companies to provide additional disclosures based on that hierarchy. SFAS 157 was to be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and interim periods within those fiscal years. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. 157-2, Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157, which delayed for one year the applicability of SFAS 157's fair-value measurements to certain nonfinancial assets and liabilities. The Company adopted SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, except as it applies to those nonfinancial assets and liabilities affected by the one-year delay. The partial adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position or results of operations. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adopting the remaining provisions of SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial position and results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and LiabilitiesIncluding an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115 ("SFAS 159"). SFAS 159 expands the use of fair value accounting but does not affect existing standards which require assets or liabilities to be carried at fair value. The objective of SFAS 159 is to improve financial reporting by providing
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companies with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. Under SFAS 159, a company may elect to use fair value to measure eligible items at specified election dates and report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. Eligible items include, but are not limited to, accounts and loans receivable, available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities, equity method investments, accounts payable, guarantees, issued debt and firm commitments. On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS 159 and have not elected to use fair value measurement on any assets or liabilities under this statement.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations ("SFAS 141(R)"). SFAS 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS 141(R) also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS 141(R) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. We will adopt SFAS 141(R) in the first quarter of fiscal 2009 and apply the provisions of this statement for any acquisition after the adoption date. We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of SFAS 141(R) on our consolidated financial statements.
In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 161"). This statement requires companies to provide enhanced disclosures about (a) how and why they use derivative instruments, (b) how derivative instruments and related hedged items are accounted for under Statement 133 and its related interpretations, and (c) how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect a company's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. SFAS 161 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company will comply with the new disclosure requirements on or before the required effective date. As SFAS 161 does not change current accounting practice, there will be no impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
There were no material changes from the information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2007.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures.
The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
There have been no significant changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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We are subject from time to time to lawsuits, claims and governmental inspections or audits arising in the ordinary course of business. Some of these lawsuits purport to be class actions and/or seek substantial damages. In the opinion of management, these matters are adequately covered by insurance or, if not so covered, are without merit or are of such a nature or involve amounts that would not have a material adverse impact on our business or consolidated financial position.
Burton M. Sack v. Applebee's International, Inc.
On March 28, 2008, Burton M. Sack filed a verified petition in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware against Applebee's International, Inc. ("Applebee's) seeking appraisal pursuant to Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Company completed the acquisition of Applebee's on November 29, 2007. Section 262 of the Delaware General Corporation Law provides appraisal rights to the record holders of shares of any Delaware corporation that is a party to a merger or consolidation, subject to specified exceptions and to compliance with specified procedural requirements. Prior to the filing of the petition, Applebee's had received notices from stockholders, claiming to represent 3,197,263 shares of Applebee's stock, that they intend to seek an appraisal of those shares instead of accepting the merger consideration of $25.50 per share. On April 22, 2008 Applebee's filed and served its response to the petition. The Company believes that a strong case can be made that the fair value of Applebee's stock is not higher than the merger consideration but, at this early stage of the litigation, it is not possible reliably to predict what a court might award to appraisal petitioners as the fair value of their stock under Section 262.
Gerald Fast v. Applebee's
The Company is currently defending a collective action filed under the Fair Labor Standards Act styled Gerald Fast v. Applebee's International, Inc., in which named plaintiffs claim that tipped workers in company restaurants perform excessive amounts of non-tipped work for which they should be compensated at the minimum wage. The court has conditionally certified a nationwide class of servers and bartenders who have worked in company-operated Applebee's restaurants since June 19, 2004. Unlike a class action, a collective action requires potential class members to "opt in" rather than "opt out." On February 12, 2008, 5,540 opt-in forms were filed with the court. Conditional certification is granted under a lenient standard and the Company will have an opportunity to have the class de-certified following the close of discovery at the end of 2008. The Company believes it has strong defenses supporting the de-certification of the class, as well as strong defenses to the substantive claims asserted, and intends to vigorously defend this case. An estimate of the possible loss, if any, or the range of the loss cannot be made and, therefore, the Company has not accrued a loss contingency related to this matter.
There were no material changes from the information contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K as of December 31, 2007.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(a) - (b) Not applicable
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number of shares repurchased through March 31, 2008 under the stock repurchase program is 6,327,877. This includes 6,327,877 shares repurchased in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007.
No repurchases were made during the first quarter of 2008. There remain 872,123 shares which may still be purchased under the authorization.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
None.
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of IHOP Corp. (Exhibit 3.1 to IHOP Corp.'s Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002 is incorporated herein by reference). | |
3.2 |
Bylaws of IHOP Corp. |
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31.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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31.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.1 |
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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32.2 |
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
IHOP CORP. (Registrant) |
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May 2, 2008 (Date) |
BY: |
/s/ JULIA A. STEWART Julia A. Stewart Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) |
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May 2, 2008 (Date) |
/s/ THOMAS CONFORTI Thomas Conforti Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
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May 2, 2008 (Date) |
/s/ GREGGORY KALVIN Greggory Kalvin Vice President, Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) |
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