e6vk
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the
month of March 2007
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Bayer Corporation*
(Translation of registrants name into English)
Bayerwerk, Gebaeude W11
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee
51368 Leverkusen
Germany
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of
Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F X Form 40-F
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101 (b)(1): N/A
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101 (b)(7): N/A
Indicate by check mark whether, by furnishing the information contained in this form, the
registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes No X
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection
with Rule 12g3-2(b): N/A
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* |
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Bayer Corporation is also the name of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant in the United
States. |
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Science For A Better Life
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer: Science For A Better Life
... is more than a corporate slogan. Its a call to action. A truly ambitious goal. A claim that
demands to be vindicated every day, and that essentially means one thing: striving for improvement.
The images on the opening pages of this Annual Report contain impressive examples of how the inventor company
Bayer justifies that claim with products and services that enhance the quality of life. But
research never stops. The companys scientists are constantly on the track of innovations to
address future challenges. And it is this that defines the fascination of Bayer.
Bayer Group Key Data
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2005 |
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2006 |
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Change |
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million |
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million |
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% |
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Bayer Group |
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Net sales |
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24,701 |
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28,956 |
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+17.2 |
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EBITDA1 |
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4,122 |
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4,675 |
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+13.4 |
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EBITDA before special items |
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4,602 |
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5,584 |
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+21.3 |
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EBIT2 |
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2,514 |
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2,762 |
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+9.9 |
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EBIT before special items |
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3,047 |
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3,479 |
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+14.2 |
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Income before income taxes |
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1,912 |
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1,980 |
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+3.6 |
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Net income |
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1,597 |
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1,683 |
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+5.4 |
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Earnings per share ()3 |
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2.19 |
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2.22 |
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+1.4 |
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Gross cash flow4 |
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3,114 |
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3,913 |
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+25.7 |
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Net cash flow5 |
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3,227 |
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3,928 |
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+21.7 |
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Capital expenditures |
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1,210 |
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1,739 |
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+43.7 |
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Research and development expenses |
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1,729 |
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2,297 |
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+32.9 |
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Dividend per Bayer AG share () |
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0.95 |
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1.00 |
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+5.3 |
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Bayer HealthCare |
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Net external sales |
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7,996 |
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11,724 |
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+46.6 |
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EBITDA1 |
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1,280 |
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1,947 |
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+52.1 |
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EBITDA before special items |
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1,487 |
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2,613 |
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+75.7 |
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EBIT2 |
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923 |
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1,313 |
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+42.3 |
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EBIT before special items |
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1,177 |
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1,715 |
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+45.7 |
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Gross cash flow4 |
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923 |
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1,720 |
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+86.3 |
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Net cash flow5 |
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1,087 |
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1,526 |
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+40.4 |
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Capital expenditures |
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225 |
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576 |
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+156.0 |
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Bayer CropScience |
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Net external sales |
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5,896 |
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5,700 |
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-3.3 |
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EBITDA1 |
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1,284 |
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1,166 |
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-9.2 |
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EBITDA before special items |
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1,273 |
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1,204 |
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-5.4 |
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EBIT2 |
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690 |
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584 |
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-15.4 |
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EBIT before special items |
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685 |
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641 |
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-6.4 |
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Gross cash flow4 |
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964 |
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900 |
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-6.6 |
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Net cash flow5 |
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904 |
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898 |
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-0.7 |
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Capital expenditures |
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201 |
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197 |
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-2.0 |
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Bayer MaterialScience |
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Net external sales |
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9,446 |
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10,161 |
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+7.6 |
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EBITDA1 |
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1,721 |
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1,499 |
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-12.9 |
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EBITDA before special items |
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1,764 |
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1,677 |
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-4.9 |
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EBIT2 |
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1,250 |
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992 |
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-20.6 |
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EBIT before special items |
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1,293 |
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1,210 |
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-6.4 |
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Gross cash flow4 |
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1,254 |
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1,166 |
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-7.0 |
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Net cash flow5 |
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1,337 |
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1,281 |
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-4.2 |
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Capital expenditures |
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642 |
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753 |
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+17.3 |
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2005 figures restated |
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1 |
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EBITDA = EBIT plus amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of
property, plant and equipment. EBITDA, EBITDA before special items and EBITDA
margin are not defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards and
should therefore be regarded only as supplementary information. The company
considers underlying EBITDA to be a more suitable indicator of operating
performance since it is not affected by depreciation, amortization,
write-downs/write-backs or special items. The company also believes that this
indicator gives readers a clearer picture of the results of operations and ensures
greater comparability of data over time. The underlying EBITDA margin is calculated
by dividing underlying EBITDA by sales. |
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EBIT as shown in the income statement. |
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3 |
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Earnings per share as defined in IAS 33 = net income divided by the average
number of shares. For details see Note [16] to the financial statements. For
details on core earnings per share see page 25. |
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4 |
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Gross cash flow = income after taxes from continuing operations plus income
taxes, plus/minus non-operating result, minus income taxes paid, plus depreciation,
amortization and write-downs, minus write-backs, plus/minus changes in pension
provisions, minus gains/plus losses on retirements of noncurrent assets, plus
non-cash effects of the remeasurement of acquired assets. The change in pension
provisions includes the elimination of non-cash components of the operating result.
It also contains benefit payments during the year. For details see Note [25]. |
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5 |
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Net cash flow = cash flow from operating activities according to IAS 7 |
Bayer
Bayer AG defines common values, goals and strategies for the entire Group. The
subgroups and service companies operate independently, led by the management holding
company. The Corporate Center supports the Group Management Board in its task of
strategic leadership.
Bayer HealthCare
Bayer HealthCare is among the worlds foremost innovators in the field of
pharmaceutical and medical products. This subgroups mission is to research, develop,
manufacture and market innovative products that improve the health of people and
animals throughout the world.
Bayer CropScience
Bayer CropScience, with its highly effective products, pioneering innovations and keen
customer focus, holds global leadership positions in crop protection and
non-agricultural pest control. The company also has major activities in seeds and crop
plants with genetically optimized properties.
Bayer MaterialScience
Bayer MaterialScience is a renowned supplier of high-performance materials such as
polycarbonates and polyurethanes, and innovative system solutions such as coatings,
for a wide range of everyday uses. Products holding leading positions on the world
market account for a large proportion of its sales.
Bayer Business Services
Bayer Business Services is the Bayer Groups international competence center for
it-based services. The focus of this companys offering is on integrated services in
the core areas of
it infrastructure and applications, procurement and logistics,
human resources and management services, and finance and accounting.
Bayer Technology Services
Bayer Technology Services is engaged in process development and in process and plant
engineering, construction and optimization. As the technological backbone of the Bayer
Group worldwide, this service company offers integrated solutions throughout the life
cycles of facilities, processes and products.
Bayer Industry Services
Bayer Industry Services offers services for the chemical industry including utility
supply, waste management, infrastructure, safety, security, technical services,
analytics and vocational training. This service company a joint venture between
Bayer and lanxess operates Bayers chemical parks at Leverkusen, Dormagen and
Krefeld-Uerdingen in Germany.
Working to Create Value through Innovation and Growth
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the fields of health care,
nutrition and high-tech materials. Our products and services are designed to benefit
people and improve their quality of life. At the same time we want to create value
through innovation, growth and high earning power.
We are firmly aligned to our mission statement Bayer: Science For A Better
Life and continue to optimize our portfolio, concentrating our activities in three
high-potential, efficient subgroups with largely independent operations: HealthCare,
CropScience and MaterialScience, supported by three service companies. Our operating
companies provide us with access to major global growth markets.
As an inventor company, we plan to continue setting trends in research-intensive
areas. Innovation is the foundation for competitiveness and growth, and thus for our
companys success in the future.
Our expertise and our products are helping to diagnose, alleviate or cure diseases,
improving the quality and adequacy of the global food supply, and contributing
significantly to an active, modern lifestyle. All these aspects define the fascination
of Bayer.
We are committed to the principles of sustainable development, and to our role as a
socially and ethically responsible corporate citizen. For us, there is a clear link
between technical and economic expertise and corporate social
responsibility. This, in
turn, we define as our responsibility to work for the benefit of humankind, become
socially involved and make a lasting contribution to sustainable development. At
Bayer, we regard economy, ecology and social commitment as objectives of equal rank.
We seek to retain societys confidence through performance, flexibility and open
communication as we work in pursuit of our overriding goals: to steadily create
corporate value and generate high value-added for the benefit of our stockholders, our
employees and the community in every country in which we operate.
Bayer HealthCare: Innovative drugs for heart and circulation
Bayer HealthCare is particularly dedicated to combating cardiovascular
disease, the worlds number one cause of death. Apart from its innovative medicines,
the company also focuses on new diagnostic techniques. It recently developed and
brought to market Vasovist®, an innovative contrast medium for
comprehensive vascular diagnosis. A promising drug candidate for the future is
rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening
conditions such as stroke, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
These two examples demonstrate how Bayer HealthCare fulfills its role as a
global health care company. This holds true over its entire range of products:
from the wonder drug Aspirin ® through innovative anti-cancer drugs
and contraceptives to cutting-edge diagnostic techniques and animal health
products.
Bayer CropScience: Better seed for tomorrows harvests
Bayer CropScience has improved the oil profile of the canola plant so that the
oils naturally healthy mix of fatty acids is maintained even upon heating. The
companys seed not only ensures a better-quality product but also raises yields. The
high-yielding canola is a promising source of biofuel as well.
The innovative capability of the scientists at Bayer CropScience has already led to
numerous milestones and continues to do so in conventional crop protection, as it
does in the areas of biotechnology and seed development.
Bayer MaterialScience: Toward a shining future
Materials for visions for Bayer MaterialScience this is both a claim and a
commitment. One example is high-tech films. These are found everywhere: instrument
panels, cellphone displays, forgery-proof identity cards. And in the future theyll
be able to shine around corners too.
Scientists at Bayer MaterialScience came up with an electroluminescent film that
lights up when an electric current is applied even when the film is bent, rolled or
folded. Development of this exciting new material has been entrusted to start-up
company
lyttron Technology, a subsidiary of Bayer MaterialScience.
For designers this is undoubtedly a dream come true. And for Bayer MaterialScience
one of the worlds largest manufacturers of high-tech polymers its another
milestone in customer-oriented innovation. This companys portfolio also includes
polyurethane and polycarbonate products, along with materials for coatings,
adhesives, insulating materials and sealants. With this spectrum of activities, the
company has one overriding goal: to continually enhance the quality of life.
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2 Contents
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Schering acquisition crowns a strong year
Dear Stockholders:
We look back with satisfaction on an eventful and successful 2006 a landmark
year for Bayer, both strategically and operationally. Our employees around the
world have good reason to be proud of last years accomplishments:
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By acquiring Schering, Berlin, Germany, in what was the
largest corporate transaction in Bayers history, we further
optimized our product portfolio and successfully continued the
Groups realignment. |
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We increased sales considerably, and operating
performance (
ebit and ebitda before special items) was at an all-time
high. |
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In China, we inaugurated production facilities
representing Bayers largest-ever capital expenditure project outside
Germany. |
The years outstanding event was our acquisition of Schering AG for
approximately 17 billion. The Schering business ideally complements our
existing pharmaceutical activities, and the new Bayer Schering Pharma AG is
among the worlds leading suppliers of specialty pharmaceuticals. Our
attractive product portfolio and well-stocked research and development pipeline
offer excellent prospects for future success. We are convinced that Bayer
Schering Pharma will strengthen our HealthCare business and with it the
entire Bayer Group for the long term.
The integration process is proceeding as planned. We are well on track to
achieve the communicated synergy goal of 700 million annually by 2009.
The Schering acquisition is founded on a balanced financing package of cash,
borrowings and equity transactions. In addition to the mandatory convertible
bond issued in March, we successfully placed 34 million new Bayer shares, worth
1.2 billion, in July.
We continued to focus our portfolio by divesting the diagnostics business and
the subsidiaries H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode. The substantial proceeds of
these transactions will help to reduce debt.
We also scored considerable success in our business operations:
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Sales rose 17 percent to 29 billion. Adjusted for
currency fluctuations, the effect of the Schering acquisition and other
portfolio changes, growth amounted to 5 percent. |
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ebitda before special items climbed by 21 percent from the
prior year, to 5.6 billion. That gave us an underlying ebitda
margin of 19.3 percent, in line with our earnings guidance for 2006. |
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ebit before special items moved ahead 14 percent to a
record high of 3.5 billion, while ebit after special items advanced
by 10 percent to 2.8 billion. |
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4 Chairmans Letter |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
Of course we want you, our stockholders, to benefit from our
economic success. We therefore propose to raise the dividend for 2006 by 5
percent to 1.00 per share.
Our good business performance is also reflected in the value of Bayer stock.
The share price rose above 40 in 2006 for the first time in five years.
Last year alone, our market capitalization grew by 20 percent to more than
31 billion. We will do all we can to ensure that this encouraging
performance continues in the future.
Our success greatly depends on the skills and the dedication of more than
100,000 Bayer employees throughout the world, whom I would expressly like to
thank on behalf of the entire Board of Management. Without their support, we
could not have accomplished so much over the past year. We continue to rely on
their high commitment and motivation.
Now let us look at the performance of the subgroups.
Sales of Bayer HealthCare rose considerably, thanks to the Schering
acquisition and above-market growth in all divisions. We successfully
introduced new products to the market and boosted the potential of existing
products through expanded registrations.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Chairmans Letter 5 |
Including Scherings sales prior to the acquisition date as well
gave Bayer Schering Pharma total pro forma sales of more than 10
billion for 2006 a very substantial revenue base.
Together with the Consumer Care, Diabetes Care and Animal Health divisions,
which all hold leading international positions and also performed impressively
last year, HealthCare will account for nearly 50 percent of Bayer Group sales in
the future. As you can see, these activities are growing quickly and profitably.
Bayer CropScience stood up comparatively well to difficult market conditions in
2006. Our conventional crop protection business in particular had to contend
with adverse weather conditions, heightening competition from generic products
and the increasing cultivation of genetically modified crops. The company is
implementing a new cost structure program to sustainably improve earnings.
Innovation and growth prospects at Bayer CropScience are closely linked to the
major opportunities presented by plant biotechnology. I for one believe that
biotechnology is one of the most important technologies of the 21st century
and it will be of fundamental value to Bayer CropScience in mastering future
challenges.
At Bayer MaterialScience, sales again developed well and earnings almost matched
the high level of the previous year. Margins were squeezed primarily by the
sharp rise in petrochemical feedstock and energy costs, along with unplanned
production interruptions.
In polycarbonates we achieved a special milestone in 2006 , becoming the worlds
number one supplier. This means Bayer is now the global leader in both
polyurethanes and poly-carbonates.
In China we are implementing our biggest capital expenditure project to date
outside Germany, with a volume of approximately US$ 1.8 billion through 2009.
By building the facilities at the Bayer Integrated Site in Shanghai, Bayer
MaterialScience has laid the foundation for further growth in the highly
promising Asia-Pacific region, and China in particular.
We remain confident for 2007 and aim to boost Group sales by more than 10
percent. Adjusted for portfolio and currency effects, business should expand by
about 5 percent. We plan to increase underlying ebitda by more than 10 percent
as well, and also slightly improve our underlying ebitda margin.
Yet apart from the kind of corporate success that can be expressed in terms of
sales and earnings, another aspect is very important to me. Our products are
of great value to humankind and contribute substantially to improving the
quality of life. They extend the health of people and animals, help ensure the
quality and adequacy of food supplies, make cars safer, improve home living
and contribute to climate protection. Thus the achievements of our employees
are in evidence everywhere.
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6 Chairmans Letter |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Our products save lives, improve conditions and are indispensable to
many people. That is enormously motivating and a source of great satisfaction
and pride.
In 2006 we also ran more than 300 activities that testify to our corporate
social responsibility, ranging from training for young environmentalists around
the world through programs for school students and talented scientists to the
development of health care plans and projects to ease social hardship.
Bayer is mindful of its social responsibilities and is particularly committed
to the principle of sustainability. We are a strong advocate of responsible
corporate governance and business ethics, and we require strict observance of
our corporate compliance program.
This year again, we want to live up to our mission statement Bayer: Science
For A Better Life. And Im already sure we can succeed not least because we
can count on an exceptionally dedicated workforce. An example is the response
to our new Triple-i initiative (inspiration, ideas, innovation), which is
helping to strengthen the innovation culture throughout the Bayer Group.
Employees around the world had already submitted more than 1,900 business ideas
by the end of 2006. Many of these proposals show how Bayer could help to solve
problems in the future by developing new lines of business that are in keeping
with our mission statement.
We believe one of our most important tasks is not just to ensure a strong
current performance, but at the same time to create the conditions for
long-term success. Last year we took a major stride in that direction in the
interest of the company, our employees and, of course, our stockholders.
In closing, I would like to thank you on behalf of the Board of Management for
your trust and your support. We will do everything in our power to live up to
the expectations placed in us for 2007.
Sincerely,
/s/ Werner Wennig
Werner Wenning
Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Board of Management 7 |
WERNER WENNING
Chairman of the Bayer AG Board of Management since April 2002. Born in
1946, Werner Wenning joined the company in 1966 as a commercial trainee. He held
a number of positions with Bayer in Germany and abroad, serving as managing
director of Bayer subsidiaries in Peru and Spain and later as Head of the
Corporate Planning and Controlling Division. Wenning was appointed to the Board
of Management as Chief Financial Officer in February 1997. Since September 2005
he has also been President of the German Chemical Industry Association.
KLAUS KüHN
Chief Financial Officer and responsible for the Europe region. Born in
1952, Klaus Kühn studied mathematics and physics at the Technical University of
Berlin, Germany, gaining a mathematics degree in 1978. He also studied in the
United States, where he obtained a Master of Business Administration. Kühn
joined Bayer AG in 1998 as Head of the Finance Section, and shortly afterwards
was made Head of the Group Finance Division. He was appointed to the Bayer AG
Board of Management in May 2002.
DR. WOLFGANG PLISCHKE
Responsible for Innovation, Technology and Environment and the Asia-Pacific region. Born in 1951, Wolfgang Plischke studied biology at the University
of Hohenheim, Germany. After gaining his Ph.D., Plischke began his career with
Bayer in 1980, first joining the subsidiary Miles Diagnostics. After holding a
number of positions in Germany and abroad, he became Head of the Pharmaceuticals
Business Group in North America in 2000, and two years later took over
responsibility for the Pharmaceuticals Business Group of Bayer AG. Plischke was
appointed to the Bayer AG Board of Management in March 2006.
DR. RICHARD POTT
The member responsible for Strategy and Human Resources and the Americas,
Africa and Middle East regions, Dr. Richard Pott is also Bayer AGs Labor
Director. Born in 1953, Richard Pott studied physics at the University of Cologne,
Germany, where he obtained his Ph.D. In 1984 he joined the companys Central
Research Division. After holding various positions in the Corporate Staff Division
he became Head of the former Specialty Products Business Group in 1999. Pott was
appointed to the Bayer AG Board of Management in May 2002.
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8 Board of Management |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Report of the Supervisory Board 9 |
Report of the Supervisory Board |
Dear Stockholders:
During 2006 the Supervisory Board monitored the conduct of the companys
business and acted in an advisory capacity. We performed these functions on the
basis of detailed written and oral reports received from the Board of
Management. In addition, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and the Chairman
of the Board of Management maintained a constant exchange of information and
ideas. In this way the Supervisory Board was kept continuously informed about
the companys intended business strategy, corporate planning (including
financial, investment and human resources planning), earnings performance, the
state of the business and the situation in the company and the Group as a
whole.
The documents relating to Board of Management decisions or actions which by
law or under the articles of incorporation or the rules of procedure required
the approval of the Supervisory Board were inspected by the Supervisory Board at
its plenary meetings, sometimes after preparatory work by the committees. In
certain cases the Supervisory Board gave its approval on the basis of documents
circulated to its members. The meetings of the Supervisory Board were regularly
attended by the members of the Board of Management. The Supervisory Board was
involved in decisions of material importance to the company. We discussed at
length the business trends described in the reports from the Board of Management
and the prospects for the development of the Bayer Group as a whole, the
individual organizational units and the principal affiliated companies in
Germany and abroad. During 2006 there were six plenary meetings of the
Supervisory Board. On several further occasions, decisions relating to specific
acquisition or divestiture projects were made after circulation of documents to
the members. No member of the Supervisory Board attended fewer than half of the
meetings.
Principal topics discussed by the Supervisory Board
A major focus of the Supervisory Boards deliberations in 2006 was the
acquisition of Schering AG (now Bayer Schering Pharma AG). At an extraordinary
meeting on March 23, 2006, the Supervisory Board considered the acquisition
project and consented to the submission of a takeover offer.
The Supervisory Board also discussed and resolved upon measures to finance this
project through debt and equity issuances and divestments of subsidiaries. This
included the conclusion of agreements on a bridge financing and a syndicated
loan of 7 billion each and an equity raising of up to 4 billion.
The Supervisory Board formed a committee from among its members to which
decision-making powers in connection with the Schering AG acquisition project
and certain related financing measures were transferred to the extent legally
permissible, in order to allow a rapid response to new developments. The members
elected to this committee were Manfred Schneider, Hubertus Schmoldt, Ekkehard
Schulz and Thomas de Win.
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10 Report of the Supervisory Board |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The Board of Management reported in detail at the Supervisory Board
meetings about the steps necessary to integrate Bayer Schering Pharma AG,
including the conclusion of a domination and profit and loss transfer agreement
and the squeeze-out of outside stockholders and transfer of their shares to the
principal stockholder.
At an extraordinary meeting on June 29, 2006, the Supervisory Board consented
to the sale of the global diagnostics business to Siemens. The Board of
Management presented status reports on other projects to develop the Groups
portfolio, such as the sale of the subsidiaries Wolff Walsrode and H.C. Starck
and the interest in GE Bayer Silicones, and the acquisition of the consumer
care business of Topsun. These projects received the Supervisory Boards
approval.
At the meeting in December 2006, the Board of Management presented its
operational, financial and balance sheet planning for the years 2007 through
2009, which was the subject of detailed discussion.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Report of the Supervisory Board 11 |
Work of the committees
The Presidial Committee of the Supervisory Board, acting on authorizations
given by the plenary meeting, made decisions at four telephone conferences
relating to the issuance of a bond under the existing emtn program in May 2006
and the capital increase out of authorized capital in July 2006. The Presidial
Committee did not need to convene during 2006 in its capacity as the mediation
committee pursuant to Section 27, Paragraph 3 of the German Codetermination
Act.
The Audit Committee met four times during the year, concerning itself in
particular with the companys and the Groups financial reporting, including the
annual report to the u.s. Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 20-f.
Another area of focus was the Groups risk management system. The Audit Committee
solicited and discussed verbal reports from the Head of Corporate Auditing and
the Group Compliance Officer. The Audit Committee also set the budget for the
services of the external auditor and discussed with the auditor the main areas of
the audit for the 2006 fiscal year. It also discussed measures to implement
various requirements of the u.s. Sarbanes-Oxley Act including, in particular, the
submission of an assessment, attested to by the auditor, regarding the internal
controls over financial reporting introduced in the Group pursuant to Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The auditor was present at all the meetings of the
Audit Committee, reporting in detail on the audit work and auditor review of
interim financial statements.
The Human Resources Committee convened on two occasions. It dealt with
matters relating to the remuneration of the Board of Management and with the
renewal of the contracts of Werner Wenning, Klaus Kühn and Richard Pott.
The committee formed in connection with the Schering AG acquisition project
held five telephone conferences and made decisions. It considered the
conditions for the purchase of shares, compensation offers to stockholders, and
the issuance of a mandatory convertible bond in April 2006 as part of the
related financing package.
The meetings and decisions of the committees were prepared on the basis of
reports and other information provided by the Board of Management, whose
members regularly attended the committee meetings. Reports on the committee
meetings were presented at the plenary meetings of the Supervisory Board.
Corporate governance
The Supervisory Board dealt with the ongoing development of corporate
governance at Bayer, taking into account the amendments made to the German
Corporate Governance Code in June 2006. In December 2006 the Board of
Management and the Supervisory Board issued a new Declaration of Conformity,
which is also contained in the Corporate Governance Report on page 19 forming
part of this Annual Report.
At its meeting in December 2006, the Supervisory Board reviewed the
efficiency of its own work and came to a positive conclusion.
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12 Report of the Supervisory Board |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Financial statements and audits
The financial statements and management report of Bayer AG were drawn up
according to the requirements of the German Commercial Code, while the
consolidated financial statements and management report of the Bayer Group
were prepared according to the principles of the International Financial
Reporting Standards (ifrs).
The financial statements of Bayer AG, the consolidated financial statements of
the Bayer Group, the management report of Bayer AG and the management report of
the Bayer Group have been examined by the auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Aktiengesellschaft, Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Essen. The conduct of the
audit is explained in the Independent Auditors Report. The auditor finds that
Bayer has complied with the requirements of the German Commercial Code and the
International Financial Reporting Standards, respectively, and issues an
unqualified opinion on the financial statements of Bayer AG and the
consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group. The financial statements
and management report of Bayer AG, the consolidated financial statements and
management report of the Bayer Group, and the audit reports were submitted to
all members of the Supervisory Board. They were discussed in detail by the
Audit Committee and at a plenary meeting of the Supervisory Board. The auditor
submitted a report on both occasions and was present during the discussions.
We examined the financial statements and management report of Bayer AG, the
proposal for distribution of the profit, and the consolidated financial
statements and management report of the Bayer Group. We found no objections,
thus we concur with the result of the audit. We have approved the financial
statements of Bayer AG and the consolidated financial statements of the Bayer
Group prepared by the Board of Management. The financial statements of Bayer AG
are thus confirmed. We are in agreement with the management reports of Bayer AG
and the Bayer Group and, in particular, with the assessment of the future
development of the enterprise. We also concur with the dividend policy and the
decisions concerning earnings retention by the company. We assent to the
proposal for distribution of the profit, which provides for payment of a
dividend of 1.00 per share.
Information pursuant to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and Section 315, Paragraph 4
of the German Commercial Code
At its meeting on March 12, 2007, the Supervisory Board considered the
information, and the report thereon, provided in the management report pursuant
to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and Section 315, Paragraph 4 of the German
Commercial Code. Reference is hereby made to this information, and the report
thereon, to be found in the management report on page 56 ff., which the
Supervisory Board has reviewed and with which it fully concurs.
The Supervisory Board would like to thank the Board of Management and all
employees for their dedication and hard work in 2006.
Leverkusen, March 2007
For the Supervisory
Board
/s/ Manfred Schneider
Dr. Manfred
Schneider
Chairman
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Corporate Governance Report 13 |
Bayer again in compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code*
Bayer has always placed great importance on responsible corporate governance and will
continue to do so. Last year the company renewed its declaration that it is in full compliance with
the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code.
In 2006 the Board of Management and Supervisory Board again addressed the question of code
compliance, particularly in light of the new recommendations issued on June 12. The resulting
Declaration of Conformity (see page 19 ) was published in December 2006 and posted on Bayers
website along with previous declarations.
Supervisory Board: oversight and control functions
The role of the 20-member Supervisory Board is to oversee and advise the Board of Management. Under
the German Codetermination Act, half the members of the Supervisory Board are elected by the
stockholders, and half by the companys employees. The Supervisory Board is directly involved in
decisions on matters of fundamental importance to the company and confers with the Board of
Management on the companys strategic alignment. It also holds regular discussions with the Board
of Management on the companys business strategy and status of its implementation.
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates its work and presides over the meetings. Through
regular discussions with the Board of Management, the Supervisory Board is kept constantly informed
of business policy, corporate planning and strategy. The annual budget and the consolidated
financial statements of Bayer AG and the Bayer Group are submitted to the Supervisory Board to
obtain its approval, which must also take the auditors report into account. Details are provided
in the Report of the Supervisory Board on page 10 ff. of this Annual Report. The committees set up
by the Supervisory Board operate in compliance with the German Stock Corporation Act, the German
Corporate Governance Code, the u.s. Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange. The committees of the Supervisory Board are as follows:
Presidial Committee: This comprises two stockholder representatives and two employee
representatives. Its main task is to serve as the mediation committee pursuant to the German
Codetermination Act. It submits proposals to the Supervisory Board on the appointment of members of
the Board of Management if the necessary two-thirds majority is not achieved in the first vote at
a plenary meeting. The Supervisory Board has also delegated certain decision-making powers relating
to capital measures to the Presidial Committee.
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* report pursuant to Section 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code |
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www.bayer.com
> Bayer Group
> Corporate
Governance
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14 Corporate Governance Report |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Audit Committee: The Audit Committee, comprising three stockholder
representatives and three employee representatives, meets four times a year.
Its tasks include examining the companys internal and external accounting and
the quarterly reports and annual financial statements prepared by the Board of
Management. On the basis of the auditors report on the annual financial
statements, the Audit Committee submits proposals concerning their approval by
the full Supervisory Board. The Audit Committee also oversees the companys
internal control system along with the procedures used to identify, track and
manage risk, and monitors compliance with laws and statutory regulations.
The companys Corporate Auditing department reports regularly to the Audit
Committee, which also is responsible for the companys relationship with the
external auditors. The Audit Committee prepares the awarding of the audit
contract to the audit firm appointed by the Annual Stockholders Meeting,
suggests areas of focus for the audit and determines the auditors
remuneration. It also monitors the independence, qualifications, rotation and
efficiency of the auditors.
The Supervisory Board of Bayer AG has designated Dr. Manfred Schneider as an
Audit Committee Financial Expert pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Human Resources Committee: On this committee, too, there is parity of
representation between stockholders and employees. It consists of the Chairman
of the Supervisory Board, one other stockholder representative and two employee
representatives. The Human Resources Committee prepares the personnel decisions
to be made by the Supervisory Board. In particular, it concludes service
contracts with the members of the Board of Management on behalf of the
Supervisory Board. It also provides advice on long-term succession planning for
the Board of Management.
Bayer Schering Pharma Committee: The Supervisory Board formed a committee from
among its members to which decision-making powers in connection with the
Schering AG acquisition project and certain related financing measures were
transferred to the extent legally permissible, in order to allow a rapid
response to new developments.
Compensation report
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is based on the provisions of the
Articles of Incorporation, the current version of which was adopted by the
stockholders at the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 29, 2005. This
provides that, in addition to reimbursement of their expenses, each member of
the Supervisory Board receives fixed annual remuneration of 60,000 and a
variable annual remuneration component. The variable remuneration component is
based on corporate performance in terms of the gross cash flow reported in the
Group financial statements for the fiscal year. The members of the Supervisory
Board receive 2,000 for every 50,000,000 or part thereof by which the
gross cash flow exceeds 3,100,000,000, but the variable component for each
member may not exceed 30,000.
In accordance with the provisions of the German Corporate Governance Code,
additional remuneration is paid to the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the
Supervisory Board and for chairing and membership of committees. The Chairman of
the Supervisory Board receives three times the basic remuneration, while the
Vice Chairman receives one-and-a-half times the basic remuneration. Members of
the Supervisory Board who are also members of a committee receive an additional
one quarter of the amount, with those chairing a committee receiving a further
quarter. However, no member of the Supervisory Board may receive total
remuneration exceeding three times the basic remuneration. If changes are made
to the Supervisory Board and its committees during the fiscal year, members
receive remuneration on a pro-rated basis. The following table shows the
remuneration of individual members of the Supervisory Board for fiscal 2006. No
remuneration or benefits were paid for personal services, in particular, the
provision of consultancy or intermediary services.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Corporate Governance Report 15 |
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Fixed |
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Variable |
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Remuneration of the Members of the Supervisory Board |
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Remuneration |
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Remuneration |
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Total |
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|
|
|
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Dr. Paul Achleitner |
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|
75,000.00 |
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|
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37,500.00 |
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112,500.00 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Dr. Josef Ackermann |
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|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andreas Becker |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karl-Josef Ellrich |
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|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
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|
|
112,500.00 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Dr. Thomas Fischer |
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|
75,000.00 |
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|
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37,500.00 |
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|
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112,500.00 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Erhard Gipperich |
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8,917.81 |
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|
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4,458.91 |
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|
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13,376.72 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Peter Hausmann |
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|
50,958.90 |
|
|
|
25,479.45 |
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|
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76,438.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Thomas Hellmuth |
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|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Prof. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Hans-Olaf Henkel |
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75,000.00 |
|
|
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37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Reiner Hoffmann |
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13,479.45 |
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|
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6,739.73 |
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20,219.18 |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Gregor Jüsten |
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54,904.11 |
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27,452.05 |
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82,356.16 |
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|
|
|
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|
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Dr. rer. pol. Klaus Kleinfeld |
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60,000.00 |
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|
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30,000.00 |
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|
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90,000.00 |
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|
|
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|
|
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Dr. h. c. Martin Kohlhaussen |
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105,000.00 |
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52,500.00 |
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157,500.00 |
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John Christian Kornblum |
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60,000.00 |
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30,000.00 |
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90,000.00 |
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|
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|
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Petra Kronen |
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75,000.00 |
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37,500.00 |
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112,500.00 |
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Hubertus Schmoldt |
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86,671.23 |
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43,335.62 |
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130,006.85 |
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Dr. Manfred Schneider (Chairman) |
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180,000.00 |
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90,000.00 |
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270,000.00 |
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Dieter Schulte |
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42,904.11 |
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21,452.05 |
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64,356.16 |
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|
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Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz |
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71,671.23 |
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35,835.62 |
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107,506.85 |
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|
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|
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Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Jürgen Weber |
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60,000.00 |
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|
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30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
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|
|
|
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|
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Siegfried Wendlandt |
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24,246.58 |
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12,123.29 |
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36,369.87 |
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Thomas de Win (Vice Chairman) |
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124,273.97 |
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62,136.99 |
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186,410.96 |
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Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker |
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60,000.00 |
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30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
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Legislation on the disclosure of the compensation paid to members of the
Board of Management came into force in Germany during the fiscal year. It
specifies where such compensation is to be disclosed and the content of
individual disclosures. In accordance with the provisions of this law, the
compensation of the Board of Management is presented and published uniformly in
a compensation report in the management reports of Bayer AG and the Bayer
Group. To avoid dual presentation of the data, this Corporate Governance Report
explicitly adopts, and makes reference to, the presentation in the management
reports of Bayer AG and the Bayer Group (see page 76 ff.). This also applies to
the description of stock option programs for the Board of Management (see page
76 ff.) and employees (see Note [26.1] to the financial statements (page 177
ff.).
Personal liability in place of a deductible
With regard to the recommendation in the German Corporate Governance Code that
a deductible be agreed for any d&o (directors and officers liability)
insurance, the companys d&o insurance does not cover intentional breach of
duty and thus there is no deductible.
Instead, personal declarations have been given by the members of the Board of
Management and Supervisory Board that, should they cause damage to the company
or third parties through gross negligence (by German standards) in the
performance of their duties, they undertake to pay for such damage up to the
equivalent of half their total annual remuneration for the year in which such
damage occurs. The members of the Supervisory Board undertake to pay for such
damage, if caused by them, up to the equivalent of the variable portion of
their respective annual remuneration as Supervisory Board members for the
relevant year.
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16 Corporate Governance Report |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Disclosure of securities transactions by members of the
Supervisory Board and Board of Management
To comply with Section 15a of the German Securities Trading Act, members of the
Board of Management and Supervisory Board and their close relatives are
required to disclose all transactions involving the purchase or sale of Bayer
stock where such transactions total 5,000 or more in a calendar year. Bayer
publishes details of such transactions immediately on its website and also
notifies the German Financial Supervisory Authority accordingly. No reportable
securities transactions were made in fiscal 2006 .
According to information filed with the company by members of the Board of
Management and Supervisory Board, their total holdings of Bayer stock and
related financial instruments amounted to less than 1 percent of the issued
stock on the closing date for the financial statements.
Systematic monitoring of all business activities
Bayer has an internal control system in place to ensure early identification of
any business or financial risks and enable it to manage such risks so as to
minimize any impact on the achievement of its commercial objectives. The control
system is designed to ensure timely and accurate accounting for all business
processes and the constant availability of reliable data on the companys
financial position. Where acquisitions are made during a fiscal year, we aim to
bring the acquired units internal control systems into line with those of the
Bayer Group as quickly as possible. However, the control and risk management
system cannot protect the company from all business risks. In particular, it
cannot provide absolute protection against losses or fraudulent actions.
Corporate Compliance Program
Our corporate activity is governed by national and local laws and statutes that
place a range of obligations on the Bayer Group and its employees throughout
the world. Bayer manages its business responsibly in compliance with the
statutory and regulatory requirements of the countries in which it operates.
The Board of Management has also issued guidelines to support legal compliance.
These are summarized in the Program for Legal Compliance and Corporate
Responsibility at Bayer (Corporate Compliance Program), which contains binding
rules on complying with international trade law, adhering to the principle of
fair competition and concluding contracts with business partners on fair terms.
To avoid conflicts of interest, every employee is required to separate
corporate and private interests. The program also lays down clear rules for
employee integrity toward the company and the responsible handling of insider
information.
Compliance Committees have been established at Bayer AG and each of its
subgroups and service companies. Each Compliance Committee includes at least
one legal counsel.
The role of these committees is to initiate and monitor systematic,
business-specific training and other measures necessary to ensure implementation
of the Corporate Compliance Program. They are also responsible for investigating
any suspected violations of the Corporate Compliance Program and, if necessary,
taking steps to rectify them. All Compliance Committees report at least once a
year to a coordination committee chaired by the Chief Financial Officer on any
violations notified to them, the investigations carried out and their outcomes,
and any corrective or disciplinary action taken. They also report on the
systematic training and implementation measures they have initiated to foster
compliance.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Corporate Governance Report 17 |
All Bayer employees are required to immediately report any violations of
the Compliance Program. In Germany, a telephone hotline to a law firm has been
set up to allow this to be done anonymously.
Common values and leadership principles
The mission statement published in 2004 supplements the Corporate Compliance
Program and sets out the principles underlying Bayers corporate strategy. It
outlines the foundation of our corporate philosophy and activity to
stockholders, customers, employees and the general public. Common values and
leadership principles are considered essential for every employees daily work.
The values include a will to succeed; a passion for our stakeholders;
integrity, openness and honesty; respect for people and nature; and the
sustainability of our actions. The assessment of managers performance on the
basis of defined leadership principles helps to ensure adherence to these
values throughout the enterprise.
Detailed reporting
To maximize transparency, we provide regular and timely information on the
companys position and significant changes in business activities for
stockholders, financial analysts, stockholders associations, the media and the
general public. Bayer complies with the recommendations of the Corporate
Governance Code by publishing reports on business trends, earnings and the
Groups financial position four times a year. The annual consolidated financial
statements of the Bayer Group are published within 90 days following the end of
the fiscal year. In addition to the annual report, quarterly reports, news
conferences and analysts meetings, Bayer publishes the reports on Form 20-f
(annual report) and Form 6-k (e.g. quarterly report) as required by the u.s.
Securities and Exchange Commission (sec). Bayer also uses the Internet as a
platform for timely disclosure of information, including details of the dates of
major publications and events such as the annual and quarterly reports and the
Annual Stockholders Meeting.
In line with the principle of fair disclosure, we provide the same
information to all stockholders and all main target groups. All significant
new facts are disclosed immediately. Stockholders also have timely access to
the information that Bayer publishes in foreign countries in compliance with
local stock market regulations.
In addition to our regular reporting, we issue ad-hoc statements on developments
that might not otherwise become publicly known but have the potential to
materially affect the price of Bayer stock.
Investor protection in compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Since Bayer stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (nyse), the Bayer
Group also has to comply with certain u.s. capital market laws, including the
rules of the u.s. stock exchange regulator, the Securities and Exchange
Commission (sec) , and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act adopted in 2002. Section 404 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires companies to establish and maintain a system of
internal controls over financial reporting to protect investors and maintain
their confidence in corporate accounting, management and oversight.
At the end of 2003, Bayer initiated a Group-wide project to implement an
internal control system for financial reporting in order to ensure compliance
with Section 404 (Management Assessment of Internal Controls) of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The main focus of this project was to ensure uniform
Group-wide procedures to document material business processes, identify risks
affecting financial reporting, audit the effectiveness of internal controls and
perform a central assessment of the internal control system for the Bayer
Group. Compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act resulted in a
substantial increase in the documentation and auditing workload in 2006.
www.investor.bayer.com
> Events
> Calendar
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18 Corporate Governance Report |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
A separate department was established at the holding company in 2005 to
define and introduce Group-wide standards for the internal control system (ics)
and to coordinate and monitor their implementation at Group companies. A system
applied throughout the Group ensures uniform and audit-proof documentation and
archiving of all ics -relevant business processes, together with the associated
risks and controls. The management assesses the effectiveness of the controls
during the year. The findings are documented and presented transparently at
Group level in a central it system. These data are the basis for the central
assessment of the Groups internal control system at year end.
The management of Group companies holds local responsibility for ensuring and
overseeing compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. That
includes in particular providing guidance and support for line functions on
establishing, maintaining and upgrading their internal control systems to
align them with Group-wide ics standards. Many companies in the Bayer Group
have appointed ics managers to support local management in these tasks.
The Bayer Groups internal control system is designed to enable the Board of
Management and senior executives to assess the reliability of financial
reporting with a sufficient degree of assurance. As of December 31, 2006, the
Board of Management and senior executives assessed the effectiveness of the
internal control system on the basis of the coso framework (Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission) for internal control
systems. With reference to these criteria, the Board of Management established
that as of December 31, 2006, the Bayer Group had an effective system of
internal controls over financial reporting.
Declaration by the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG
concerning the German Corporate Governance Code (June 12, 2006 version)
pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act *
Under section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Board of
Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG are required to issue an
annual declaration that the company has been, and is, in compliance with the
recommendations of the Government Commission on the German Corporate
Governance Code as published by the Federal Ministry of Justice in the
official section of the electronic Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger), or to
advise of any recommendations that have not been, or are not being, applied.
The declaration pursuant to section 161 of the Stock Corporation Act shall be
available to shareholders at all times. An annual declaration was last issued
in December 2005.
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board declared in July 2006 that
Section 7.1.2. Sentence 3 of the Code, according to which interim reports are
to be publicly accessible within 45 days of the end of the reporting period,
would not be complied with for the interim reports as of June 30, 2006 or
September 30, 2006 because of the additional workload involved in including
Schering AG and its subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements of
the Bayer Group.
With respect to the past, the following declaration refers to the June 2,
2005 version of the Code. With respect to present and future corporate
governance practices at Bayer AG, the following declaration refers to the
recommendations in the June 12, 2006 version of the Code.
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG hereby declare
that the company is in compliance with the recommendations of the Government
Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code as published by the
Federal Ministry of Justice in the official section of the electronic Federal
Gazette and has been in compliance except as stated in the supplementary
declaration of July 2006 since issuance of the last declaration of
conformity in December 2005.
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Leverkusen, December 2006 |
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For the Board of Management:
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For the Supervisory Board: |
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Wenning
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Kühn
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Dr. Schneider |
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* |
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This is an English translation of a German document. The German
document is the official and controlling version, and this English
translation in no event modifies, interprets or limits the official
German version. |
Acquisition of Schering gives Bayer stock further impetus
Bayer stock continued to appreciate in 2006, posting an overall
performance of 18.3 percent. Investor interest focused on the acquisition of
Schering. Dividend rises to 1.00 per share.
2006: a volatile stock market year ends on a positive note
The German equity market proved volatile in fiscal 2006. The dax initially
continued on the previous years upward path. However, concern about inflation
and interest rates in the United States triggered a global market downtrend in
May and June, with substantial falls in some stocks. Sound corporate profits
and buoyant mergers and acquisitions activity revived investor confidence at
the start of the second half and ushered in a new rally. The dax ended the year
up 22.0 percent at 6,597 points.
Performance of Bayer stock exceeds 18 percent
Bayer stock again developed very well, its price gaining 15.2 percent on the
year. Including the dividend of 0.95 per share paid in 2006, our stock
achieved a performance of 18.3 percent. This was only just below the
daxs performance but slightly above the Dow Jones euro stoxx
50sm index, in which Bayer is also included.
During the year the share price was driven mainly by factors relating to our
acquisition of Schering, Berlin, Germany. The announcement on March 23, 2006 of
our intention to acquire Schering triggered a period of turbulent trading in
Bayer stock, with a very high turnover at times. The tide turned in mid-June
2006, when it became increasingly clear that our public takeover offer would
succeed, and Bayer shares went on from there to gain over 30 percent by
year-end.
A 1.2 billion capital increase as part of the financing of this acquisition
raised the number of shares in issue by 34 million to 764.34 million. Market
capitalization increased by a total of 5.3 billion (+20.5 percent) on the
year, to 31.1 billion.
This capital increase and the effect of the 2.3 billion mandatory
convertible bond launched in April 2006 have to be taken into account in
calculating earnings per share for fiscal 2006. In computing earnings per share,
ordinary shares to be issued when the conversion rights from this bond issue are
exercised have to be counted together with already issued shares, so basic and
diluted earnings per share are identical. Details on the calculation of earnings
per share are given on page 152.
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20 Investor Information |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Investor Information 21 |
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Bayer Stock Data |
|
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2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core earnings per share1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.84 |
|
|
|
3.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
5.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.28 |
|
|
|
16.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend per share |
|
|
|
|
|
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0.95 |
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|
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1.00 |
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|
|
|
|
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Year-end price2 |
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35.29 |
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40.66 |
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High for the year2 |
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35.92 |
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40.92 |
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Low for the year2 |
|
|
|
|
|
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22.02 |
|
|
|
30.56 |
|
|
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|
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Total dividend payment |
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|
million |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
Shares entitled to the dividend (Dec. 31) |
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million |
|
|
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730.34 |
|
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764.34 |
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|
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Market capitalization (Dec. 31) |
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billion |
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25.8 |
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31.1 |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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Average daily trading volume |
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million |
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|
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4.1 |
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5.6 |
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Price/earnings ratio2 |
|
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16.1 |
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18.3 |
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|
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Price/cash flow ratio2 |
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8.3 |
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7.9 |
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Dividend yield |
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% |
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2.7 |
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2.5 |
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1 |
|
For details on the calculation of core earnings per share, see page 25. |
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2 |
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XETRA closing prices; Source: Bloomberg |
Proposed dividend of 1.00 per share
The Board of Management and Supervisory Board will propose to the Annual
Stockholders Meeting that that the dividend be raised by 5.3 percent to
1.00 per share. The higher per-share amount and the larger number of
shares due to the capital increase boost the payout by 10.1 percent to 764
million. The dividend yield calculated on the year-end price amounts to 2.5
percent.
Despite the substantial expenditures for the Schering acquisition, this dividend
is intended to ensure that stockholders participate in the success Bayer
experienced in 2006 and demonstrate the confidence of the Board of Management and
Supervisory Board in the Groups future development.
Debt issues support financing of Schering acquisition
Bayers borrowings generally take the form of bond issues under the companys
European Medium Term Notes (emtn) program. The larger Bayer AG bonds launched
under this program are included in the major bond indices in light of their
benchmark issue volumes and their liquidity. In addition, the Group issues
innovative, separately documented debenture types and u.s. bonds under Rule
144a.
In 2006 Bayer offered investors several attractive issues. As part of the
financing package for the Schering acquisition, a 2.3 billion mandatory
convertible bond was issued by Bayer Capital Corp. in April 2006 and placed with
institutional investors. This subordinated bond, which is guaranteed by Bayer
AG, has a coupon of 6.625% . It was the largest mandatory convertible bond
placement in Europe to date. Investors may convert the bond into shares of Bayer
AG during the term of the bond, which runs until June 2009. If they have not
done so by then, the bond will automatically convert into shares. Because of its
structure, the rating agencies Moodys and Standard & Poors treat the mandatory
convertible bond entirely as
equity and do not regard it as debt for credit rating purposes. For information
on Bayers credit rating, see section on financial strategy on page 52.
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22 Investor Information |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Investor Information 23 |
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In May 2006 Bayer AG issued three bonds under its emtn program, again to help finance the
acquisition of Schering. The first is a three-year floating rate note in a nominal amount of
1.6 billion which bears interest at 0.225 percent above the 3-month Euribor rate. The second is
a 1 billion issue with a seven-year term and a coupon of 4.5 percent. The third, a sterling
(gbp) issue, has a coupon of 5.625 percent and a maturity of 13 years. In December 2006 Bayer
utilized the very favorable capital market conditions to increase this issue by gbp 100 million to
a total of gbp 350 million, giving Bayers first-ever sterling bond benchmark volume and appealing
to investors in a further currency zone. The issue was fully swapped into euros.
The hybrid bond in the nominal amount of 1.3 billion issued in 2005 was reclassified by
Standard & Poors as a result of a change to that agencys rating methodology. In computing debt
indicators, s&p now treats 50 percent of this issue as equity and 50 percent as debt. Moodys
continues to treat 75 percent as equity.
Investor relations activities focus on the acquisition
Investors interest in 2006 centered on the acquisition of Schering. Bayers management and
investor relations team met with analysts and investors at roadshows and investor conferences on
nearly 60 days.
The principal topics addressed at these meetings, apart from the strategic reasons for acquiring
Schering, were the late-stage projects in Bayers pharmaceuticals development pipeline, the
restructuring of CropScience, trends on the polymers markets and the impact of the Schering
acquisition on Bayers credit rating.
An innovative conference format entitled Meet Management, which was introduced in May, proved
especially attractive. Representatives of the investment community were invited to Leverkusen for
intensive small-group discussions with members of the management boards of our holding company and
subgroups about the performance of the Bayer Group and its subsidiaries.
We also set up a hotline on the Schering acquisition to give private investors full and timely
information on matters relating to the tender of their shares. The Internet was used as an
additional information channel, particularly to reach individual stockholders. Wherever
practicable, all conference calls and meetings are streamed live on the Internet to ensure their
accessibility to all interested parties.
www.investor.bayer.com
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24 Investor Information
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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|
Calculation of core earnings per share
Earnings per share according to ifrs are affected by the purchase price allocation (see page 136
ff.) and other special factors. To enhance comparability, we also determine core net income from
continuing operations after elimination of the amortization of intangible assets, asset write-downs
(including any impairment losses), special items in ebitda and extraordinary factors affecting
income from investments in affiliated companies (such as divestment gains or write-downs),
including the related tax effects.
The calculation of earnings per share in accordance with ifrs is explained in the notes to the
financial statements on page 152. Adjusted core net income, core earnings per share and core ebit
are not defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards. Therefore they should be
regarded as supplementary information rather than stand-alone indicators.
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Calculation of Core EBIT and Core Earnings per Share |
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2005 |
|
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2006 |
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million
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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EBIT as per income statement |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Amortization and write-downs of intangible assets |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-downs of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items (other than write-downs) |
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core EBIT |
|
|
3,599 |
|
|
|
4,512 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result (as per income statement) |
|
|
(602 |
) |
|
|
(782 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Extraordinary income/loss from investments in affiliated companies |
|
|
|
|
|
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(236 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes (as per income statement) |
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax adjustment |
|
|
(386 |
) |
|
|
(531 |
) |
|
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|
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|
Income after taxes attributable to minority interest (as per income statement) |
|
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2 |
|
|
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(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core net income from continuing operations |
|
|
2,075 |
|
|
|
2,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing expenses for the mandatory convertible bond, net of tax effects |
|
|
|
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|
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72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted core net income |
|
|
2,075 |
|
|
|
2,569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Weighted average number of issued ordinary shares* |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
746,456,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potential shares to be issued upon conversion of the mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,300,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted weighted average total number of issued and potential |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ordinary shares |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
791,757,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core earnings per share from continuing operations () |
|
|
2.84 |
|
|
|
3.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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* |
|
including new shares from the capital increase on a pro-rated basis |
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|
Management Report
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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|
|
à Overview of Sales, Earnings and Financial Position |
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à Operating Environment in 2006 |
|
à Changes in Corporate Structure |
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à Performance by Subgroup and Segment |
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à Performance by Region |
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à Value Management |
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à Liquidity and Capital Resources |
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à Earnings Performance |
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à Asset and Capital Structure |
|
à Proposal for Distribution of the Profit |
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à Employees |
|
à Procurement and Distribution |
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à Research and Development |
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à Sustainable Development |
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à Corporate Social Responsibility |
|
à Compensation Report |
|
à Risk Report |
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à Subsequent Events |
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à Future Perspectives |
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à Economic outlook and market opportunities in 2007 |
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à Business strategy |
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à Bayer Group sales and earnings forecast |
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à Subgroups sales and earnings forecasts |
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Management Report 25 |
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2006 a record year for Bayer
Pharmaceuticals business decisively strengthened
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Sales up 17 percent to 29 billion |
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|
Operating performance at an all-time high
ebitda before special items climbs 21 percent to
5.6 billion
ebit before special items advances 14 percent to 3.5 billion |
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|
Group net income rises 5 percent to 1.7 billion |
|
|
|
Earning power expected to further improve in 2007 |
Overview of Sales, Earnings and Financial Position
Bayer had a very successful year in 2006, both operationally and strategically. In June, we
decisively strengthened our pharmaceuticals business with the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin,
Germany. This is the most significant corporate transaction in Bayers history and gives us leading
market positions in specialty pharmaceuticals. We successfully implemented our divestiture program
with the sale of our Diagnostics Division and the H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode activities.
We improved the performance data of our businesses, in some cases substantially, compared to the
previous year.
Sales of
the Bayer Group grew 17.2 percent to 29.0 billion, from 24.7 billion in 2005. The
total for 2006 includes 3.1 billion in revenues from the Schering business in the period from
June 23, 2006. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects, Group sales rose by 5.2 percent, with
HealthCare and MaterialScience up 10.0 and 7.2 percent, respectively, and CropScience down 2.3
percent, from the prior year.
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
Change in Sales |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volumes |
|
|
0 |
|
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+5 |
|
|
|
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Prices |
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+7 |
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0 |
|
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Exchange rates |
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+1 |
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0 |
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Portfolio changes |
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+10 |
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+12 |
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ebitda
before special items rose by 21.3 percent to the record level of 5,584 million,
from 4,602 million in 2005, yielding an underlying ebitda margin of 19.3 percent in line with
our 2006 target. HealthCare saw a 75.7 percent jump in earnings, with ebitda before special items
advancing to
2,613 million, from 1,487 million in 2005. The increase was due to a 774
million contribution from the acquired business of Schering AG, Germany, and gratifying business
development in all divisions. CropScience posted underlying ebitda of 1,204 million, a decline
of 5.4 percent in difficult market conditions. Here, cost savings partially offset a price- and
volume-related squeeze on margins. MaterialScience
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26 Management Report
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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|
|
Bayer Group Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
HealthCare Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
CropScience Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
MaterialScience Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
|
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 27 |
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|
earnings nearly equaled the previous years outstanding level, with underlying ebitda falling
just 4.9 percent to 1,677 million. However, earnings were diminished by a sharp increase in raw
material costs and by unscheduled production interruptions in the fourth quarter.
Bayer Group ebit before special items, boosted by a 178 million contribution from
the
Schering business, climbed by 14.2 percent to a record high of 3,479 million, from 3,047
million in 2005.
ebit in 2006 was diminished by net special charges of 717 million, compared with
533
million in the prior year. Of the net special charges for 2006, HealthCare accounted for 402
million, CropScience for 57 million and MaterialScience for 218 million. Special charges of
273 million (net) were related to the acquisition and integration of Schering AG, Germany,
200 million (2005 : 109 million) to restructuring, 172 million
(net) (2005: 451
million) to litigation, and 72 million (net) (2005: 27 million net gain) to other effects.
ebit
after special items improved by 9.9 percent to 2,762 million, from 2,514 million in 2005.
After a
non-operating result of minus 782 million ( 2005: minus 602 million), pre-tax
income was 1,980 million (2005: 1,912 million). The non-operating result contained a
236 million gain from the sale of our 49.9 percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones and net
interest expense of
728 million (2005: 338 million), including 370 million in interest
expense for the immediate financing of the Schering AG acquisition. After tax expense of 454
million (2005: 538 million), income after taxes from continuing operations rose to 1,526
million (2005: 1,374 million). The reduction in tax expense was due primarily to one-time
income due to increased usability of tax loss carryforwards. Including the result of discontinued
operations and after minority stockholders interest, net income of the Bayer Group improved to
1,683 million (2005: 1,597 million). Earnings per share came to 2.22
(2005: 2.19).
Gross cash flow increased by 799 million to 3,913 million (2005:
3,114 million) due to
the gratifying growth in business and the inclusion of Schering AG, Germany. Net cash flow advanced
by 21.7 percent to 3,928 million. The total net cash flow including discontinued operations was
4,203 million.
Net debt
amounted to 17.5 billion at December 31, 2006, compared to 5.5 billion at the end
of 2005. Thus, despite the purchase price of approximately 17 billion for Schering AG, net debt
rose by only 12 billion, taking into account the Schering shares not yet acquired and an
advance payment of 0.4 billion received on the sale of the Diagnostics Division. The purchase
price payments received at the beginning of 2007 for Diagnostics and H.C. Starck, along with the
expected proceeds from the divestiture of Wolff Walsrode, are intended to contribute to a further
substantial reduction in net debt during 2007.
|
|
|
28 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Group Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
HealthCare Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
CropScience Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
MaterialScience Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 29 |
We also had a successful fourth quarter. Thanks to strong business gains in HealthCare, Group
sales moved ahead 25.1 percent to 8.0 billion, of which Schering, Berlin, Germany, accounted
for 1.5 billion. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects, Group sales rose by 5.7 percent,
with business expanding by 10.6 percent at HealthCare and 7.4 percent at MaterialScience. Currency-
and portfolio-adjusted sales of CropScience were at the previous years level (+0.4 percent), with
business at a low level in Brazil.
Underlying
ebitda in the fourth quarter climbed by 34.3 percent year on year, to 1,258 million,
including a 352 million contribution from the Schering business. There was again a pleasing
improvement in EBITDA performance of all the HealthCare divisions in the fourth quarter, while
earnings of MaterialScience and CropScience declined. ebit before special items amounted to 622
million, against 553 million in the same period of 2005. Net special charges came to 416
million, with Bayer HealthCare accounting for most of these items. EBIT after special items came in
at
206 million (Q4 2005: 129 million). Including tax income of 130 million, Group net
income was 311 million (Q4 2005: 46 million). Earnings per share for the quarter were
0.41 (Q4
2005: 0.06). Net cash flow advanced 26.3 percent to 1,493 million (Q4 2005:
1,182 million). The total net cash flow including discontinued operations was 1,578 million
(Q4 2005: 1,309 million).
Operating Environment in 2006
The dynamic pace of global economic growth established in 2005 continued into 2006, although
the upswing slowed somewhat during the course of the year. Economic expansion nonetheless remained
remarkably robust and became much more broadly based. The positive economic trend spurred the
employment markets of the major industrialized countries, boosting private consumption. Growth in
the emerging economies remained basically robust throughout the year.
The economy of the United States showed very good growth in the first quarter, but weakened
markedly as the year progressed due to tighter monetary policy and higher energy prices. Although
dampened by the weakness of the real estate market, private
consumption remained the
u.s. economys
primary growth engine, with a substantial year-on-year increase. Industry investment also trended
very well through the fall of the year thanks to healthy corporate earnings and high capacity
utilization, but slowed toward year end.
In Europe, the upswing gained considerable steam, especially in the first half. The strong recovery
in Germany, in particular, stimulated the economies of the other
e.u. member states, and the euro
zone economy has since gathered significant momentum. On top of robust foreign demand, firmer
domestic demand also contributed increasingly to economic growth in this region. Private
consumption expanded far more strongly than in previous years, thanks primarily to fuller
employment. In addition, corporate investment activity picked up during the year thanks to higher
capacity utilization and continuing good financing conditions.
In Japan the economy continued to expand, even if the pace of growth temporarily weakened in the
summer. Buoyed by the sharp depreciation of the yen, exports rose rapidly and helped to stimulate
the economy, but domestic demand proved to be the real growth
|
|
|
30 Management Report
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
engine. The improvement in the employment market spurred private consumption, although
consumer sentiment deteriorated considerably in the second half. With capacity utilization at a
high level, order books well filled and corporate earnings strong, companies were more willing to
invest, thereby propping up the economy. By contrast, government spending declined markedly.
The emerging economies in Asia continued their robust expansion in the wake of strong global
economic growth, albeit at a slower pace in the second half. These countries benefited particularly
from high export demand from China, Japan and the United States, while private consumption showed a
slight decline almost throughout the region. A general increase in interest rates dampened
corporate investment activity. Despite government efforts to check the pace of expansion, the
Chinese economy again showed rapid growth, which continued to be driven by domestic demand.
Investment posted a double-digit increase and private consumption boomed. Exports again grew
strongly in addition, despite the slight appreciation of the yuan.
The economy remained strong in most countries of Latin America thanks to robust domestic demand and
the sharp rise in raw material prices in the first half of 2006, which benefited the raw material
exporters. Private consumer demand rose considerably, spurred by higher real incomes. The regions
economy is thus increasingly broadly based. The Mexican economy evolved better than expected during
the year, with high crude oil prices and continuing steady demand from the United States resulting
in stable growth despite political turbulence. Argentina and Venezuela also developed well, but had
to contend with high inflation rates. The only exception to this favorable overall picture was
Brazil, where growth was comparatively moderate.
The prescription medicines market posted stable growth of more than 6 percent in 2006, although the
pace of expansion was down slightly compared to the prior year. Trends varied greatly by region and
product segment. In North America, the
u.s. pharmaceuticals market recovered, expanding slightly
faster than the average, as was already the case in Canada. The major
u.s. companies saw sales of
some blockbuster drugs fall dramatically due to numerous patent expirations, but these declines
were offset by significant gains for cancer drugs and other specialty pharmaceuticals. Europe
continued to suffer from the health care policy environment, with the result that below-average
growth was recorded in all countries. Cardiovascular products and antibiotics, in particular,
showed a very weak trend, while cancer drugs posted double-digit growth rates. The Japanese market
stagnated due to the governments biennial price cuts, which took place in April. Emerging markets
such as Brazil, Mexico and China made particularly large contributions to the overall expansion in
the sector. In these markets, unlike those of the highly industrialized countries, growth was
strongest in the traditional primary care segments such as cardiovascular risk management and
metabolic disorders.
The crop protection market weakened in 2006 due to adverse weather conditions in the major
agricultural regions and the weakness of the Brazilian farming economy. Agriculture was
additionally hampered by high energy and fertilizer prices. The North and Latin American markets,
in particular, recorded sharp declines, though in Latin America there was some improvement toward
the end of the year. The European market held steady
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 31 |
|
|
|
year on year after conditions improved in the second half. The Asian market as a whole
trended slightly downward. In China, however, rising demand and the switch to modern chemical
products led to strong growth.
The three major industry sectors relevant to Bayer MaterialScience registered good to above-average
growth in 2006.
The expansion of the automotive industry in 2006 was spurred by strong growth in Asia
particularly in China and India and also in Japan, which is still the regions largest producer. By
contrast, the automotive sector shrank in western Europe and North America, the regions where there
is high replacement demand. The decline in western Europe was partly the result of a shift in
production toward eastern Europe and the Middle East. The slump in car sales in the United States
particularly impacted the big three
u.s. producers, which failed to respond to the growing demand
for more fuel-efficient vehicles.
The global construction industry posted growth of 3 percent in 2006 , thanks to the positive trend
not only in Asia and Latin America, but also in eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. On the
heels of market weakness in recent years, there was a gratifying performance in western Europe, due
partly to the turnaround in Germany. In the
u.s. residential construction stagnated, while the
non-residential segment showed good growth.
The electrical and electronics sector again proved the most dynamic of the three, driven by brisk
demand for capital equipment in areas such as automation technology, along with innovative products
for the consumer electronics and communications technology markets. All regions contributed
significantly to this industrys expansion in 2006, led by China with double-digit increases.
Changes in Corporate Structure
Since June 23, 2006, we have held a majority of the shares of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
and therefore have included Schering in our consolidated financial statements as of that date. The
names Bayer Schering Pharma or Schering as used in this Annual Report always refer to Bayer
Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
respectively. The reference to Bayer Schering Pharma AG or Schering AG also includes business
conducted by affiliated entities in countries outside Germany. Bayer Schering Pharma AG and
Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey, are unaffiliated companies that have been totally
independent of each other for many years. On October 27, 2006, the domination and profit and loss
transfer agreement between Bayer Schering GmbH and Schering AG was entered in the commercial
register. The renaming of Schering AG to Bayer Schering Pharma AG took effect on December 29, 2006.
As of December 31, 2006, our interest in the voting capital of Bayer Schering Pharma AG amounted to
96.2 percent. The 95 percent majority required to squeeze out the minority stockholders in return
for cash compensation pursuant to Sections 327a through 327f of the German Stock Corporation Act
was exceeded in the third quarter. The Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting on January 17, 2007,
resolved to effect a squeeze-out of the remaining minority stockholders of Bayer Schering Pharma
AG.
The sale of the Diagnostics Division of Bayer HealthCare to Siemens, announced in the second
quarter of 2006, was closed in January 2007. The divestment of H.C. Starck to Advent International
and The Carlyle Group was completed in February 2007. The transfer of our Wolff Walsrode activities
to The Dow Chemical Company is planned for the second quarter of 2007. These three businesses are
recognized as discontinued operations.
|
|
|
32 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
To ensure comparability between reporting periods, the following table provides a reconciliation of
Bayers sales and earnings data in the corporate structure existing at the beginning of 2006 to
those in the new structure in place on December 31, 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer excl. Schering, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations Reported |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Key Data for the Previous and |
|
|
|
incl. Discontinued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as Discontinued |
|
|
Continuing Operations |
|
Current Corporate Structures |
|
Operations |
|
|
Schering AG, Germany 1 |
|
|
as of 2006 4 |
|
|
incl. Schering 1 |
|
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Sales |
|
|
27,383 |
|
|
|
28,719 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,082 |
|
|
|
2,682 |
|
|
|
2,845 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA2 |
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
4,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
4,122 |
|
|
|
4,675 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
5,082 |
|
|
|
5,291 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
774 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
4,602 |
|
|
|
5,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
18.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.1 |
% |
|
|
17.9 |
% |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
19.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT 2 |
|
|
2,812 |
|
|
|
3,1793 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
298 |
3 |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
3,300 |
|
|
|
3,6353 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
334 |
3 |
|
|
3,047 |
|
|
|
3,479 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Schering AG business for the period June 23 December 31, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
For definition see Bayer Group Key Data table on front flap |
|
3 |
|
For a year-on-year comparison of data, it should be borne in mind that depreciation
and amortization for the Diagnostics Division only took place for the first half of 2006. According
to International Financial Reporting Standards, depreciation and amortization must cease from the
date on which operations are classified as discontinued. |
|
4 |
|
Diagnostics, H.C. Starck, Wolff Walsrode |
Calculation of ebit(da) before special items for the Schering AG business
The purchase price paid for Schering AG, Germany, was allocated among the acquired assets and
assumed liabilities in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (ifrs) (see
also Note [7.2] to the consolidated financial statements).
One of the effects of the preliminary purchase price allocation is an upward revaluation or
step-up of the acquired inventories and noncurrent assets. The greater part of the noncurrent
asset step-up relates to assets used for production. Depreciation of the step-up amount results in
a long-term increase in the cost of production of goods manufactured after the acquisition date.
The work-down of the inventory step-up as the acquired inventories are sold off results in
charges to earnings in the short term.
To ensure comparability with future earnings data, the expected long-term effects of the step-up
are reflected in ebit and ebitda before special items, whereas temporary, non-cash effects of the
purchase price allocation are eliminated.
Special
items in ebit and ebitda for 2006 include 84 million and 429 million, respectively,
in charges resulting from the purchase price allocation.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 33 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Our business activities are grouped into the HealthCare, CropScience and Material-Science
subgroups. The following changes apply compared to the 2005 Annual Report: as of the first quarter
of 2006, the Pharmaceuticals, Biological Products segment was renamed Pharmaceuticals. As of
the second quarter of 2006 , this segment also includes the acquired Schering AG business. Also
since the second quarter of 2006 , the Diagnostics Division has been reported in the financial
statements of the Bayer Group as a discontinued operation. At the same time, the former Consumer
Care and Animal Health segments were grouped together with the Diabetes Care Division to form the
new segment Consumer Health.
Furthermore, the H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode activities of Bayer MaterialScience are reported in
the 2006 financial statements of the Bayer Group as discontinued operations. The commentaries in
this report relate exclusively to continuing operations, except where specific reference is made to
discontinued operations or to a total value (total). The 2005 data are restated accordingly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 share |
|
Sales by Subgroup and Segment |
|
2005 |
|
|
of Group |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
of Group |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
HealthCare |
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CropScience |
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation |
|
|
1,363 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1,371 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
+46.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
1,280 |
|
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
|
+52.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(207 |
) |
|
|
(666 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items 2 |
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
2,613 |
|
|
|
+75.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
22.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT1 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
+42.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(254 |
) |
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items 2 |
|
|
1,177 |
|
|
|
1,715 |
|
|
|
+45.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow 1 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,720 |
|
|
|
+86.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow 1 |
|
|
1,087 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
+40.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
2 |
|
for definition see page 33 |
Sales of Bayer HealthCare in 2006 rose by 46.6 percent, or 3,728 million, to
11,724 million. The acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, contributed 3,082 million
to this figure. Currency- and portfolio-adjusted sales climbed by 10.0 percent. All divisions
outperformed the market in terms of sales growth.
ebitda
of the subgroup before special items advanced by 75.7 percent to 2,613 million (2005:
1,487 million), with the Schering business accounting for 774 million. ebit
before special
items rose by 538 million to 1,715 million (2005: 1,177 million).
The net special
charges of 402 million resulted primarily from expenses relating to the Schering integration.
ebit of Bayer
HealthCare moved ahead by 390 million, or 42.3 percent, to 1,313 million.
Pharmaceuticals
Sales
of our Pharmaceuticals segment climbed by 83.9 percent to 7,478 million (2005: 4,067
million). This figure contains sales of 3,082 million due to the inclusion of the Schering AG
business. Adjusted for currency and portfolio changes, business expanded by 11.5 percent. This
encouraging growth in sales was particularly attributable to our Primary Care and Oncology business
units.
The 2006 sales figures include the acquired business of Schering AG as of June 23, 2006. The Bayer
Group financial statements do not include Schering AG results for the previous years. The
commentaries given below on business developments related to the acquired Schering AG products are
based on full year data that do not form part of the Bayer Group financial statements. Sales per
product for the following discussion are based on sales data for the years ended December 31, 2006
and 2005 as prepared by Schering AG. We refer to those figures as pro forma.
Sales of the Primary Care business unit rose by 9.2 percent in 2006, to 3,091 million. This
increase was due particularly to higher sales of Levitra® (+20.8 percent),
Aspirin®
Cardio (+18.1 percent) and Avalox®/Avelox® (+8.8
percent). Sales were additionally boosted by the inclusion of the blood pressure treatments
Pritor® and PritorPlus®, for which we acquired the marketing rights for
certain European countries from GlaxoSmith-Kline in
January 2006. Sales from the acquired Schering
AG andrology business in 2006 were included for the first time, amounting to 31 million in
2006. Mounting competition from generic products led to a slight 2.3 percent decline in sales of
Cipro®/Ciprobay®.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 35 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
In our Womens Health business unit, which focuses on contraception, we achieved sales of
1,320 million. The main growth drivers were the oral contraceptives in the Yasmin®/
yaz®/Yasminelle® product line, pro forma sales of which were up by 35.5
percent in 2006. The fda has since expanded the registration for yaz®, which is thus
the first and only oral contraceptive approved to effectively treat the emotional and physical
symptoms of pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder as well as acne in women. Pro-forma sales of our
intra-uterine system Mirena® also advanced by a pleasing 23.9 percent.
Sales of the Diagnostic Imaging business unit came to 697 million. Pro forma sales of our two
main products Magnevist® and Ultravist® dropped by 1.5 and 10.5 percent,
respectively, with lower sales of the latter attributable to the voluntary withdrawal of the 370
mgI/ml formulation. We resumed sales of this product in numerous countries in the first quarter of
2007. Medrad, which markets application technologies for contrast agents worldwide, grew pro forma
sales by a pleasing 13.1 percent.
Sales of the Specialized Therapeutics business unit amounted to 678 million. Pro forma business
with our top product
Betaferon®/Betaseron® to treat multiple sclerosis (ms)
expanded by 14.3 percent. The fda has expanded marketing authorization for Betaseron®
so that it can now also be used to treat patients who have first clinical symptoms and diagnostic
features consistent with
ms.
Sales of the Hematology/Cardiology business unit receded by 4.9 percent to 1,142 million. The
effects of terminating our plasma distribution in Canada at the end of March 2006 and markedly
lower sales of Trasylol® (-33.5 percent) were nearly offset by the pleasing growth in
sales of Kogenate® (+18.7 percent). Two separate observational studies reported on a
possible correlation between the administration of Trasylol® (aprotinin), our product
for use during open-heart surgery, and severe renal dysfunction and vasoconstriction (myocardial
infarction and stroke). A follow-up study to one of them reported on a possible correlation between
administration of this product and increased long-term mortality. Based on our study data and many
years of experience with Trasylol®, Bayer believes that this product is a safe and
effective medicine when used correctly. We are currently cooperating closely with the relevant
regulatory authorities to resolve the questions that have arisen.
Our
Oncology business unit increased sales by 397 million to 432 million. This figure
contains 238 million in sales of the Schering AG oncology business with the key products
Fludara®, Androcur® and Campath®. Our new cancer drug
Nexavar®, first launched in December 2005, performed very well in the market, with sales of
130 million.
The Dermatology (Intendis) business unit had sales of 118 million. The units two bestselling
products, Skinoren® (+17.1 percent pro forma) and Advantan® (+10.6 percent
pro forma) developed particularly well.
|
|
|
36 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
+83.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Care |
|
|
2,831 |
|
|
|
3,091 |
|
|
|
+9.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Womens Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic Imaging (including Medrad) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specialized Therapeutics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hematology/Cardiology |
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
1,142 |
|
|
|
-4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oncology |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dermatology (Intendis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
1,051 |
|
|
|
+58.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
(635 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items2 |
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
+118.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
19.0 |
% |
|
|
22.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT1 |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
+18.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
(371 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items2 |
|
|
615 |
|
|
|
934 |
|
|
|
+51.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow1 |
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
+141.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow1 |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
1,053 |
|
|
|
+118.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
Data for the acquired Schering AG business are reflected for the period June 23 December 31,
2006. |
|
1 |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
2 |
|
for definition see also page 33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Pharmaceutical Products |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Betaferon®/Betaseron®* (Specialized Therapeutics) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin®/YAZ®/Yasminelle®* (Womens Health) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kogenate® (Hematology/Cardiology) |
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
787 |
|
|
|
+18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adalat® (Primary Care) |
|
|
659 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
-0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cipro®/Ciprobay® (Primary Care) |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
-2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avalox®/Avelox® (Primary Care) |
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Levitra® (Primary Care) |
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
314 |
|
|
|
+20.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirena®* (Womens Health) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnevist® * (Diagnostic Imaging) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Glucobay® (Primary Care) |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
+4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,766 |
|
|
|
4,298 |
|
|
|
+55.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Pharmaceutical sales |
|
|
68 |
% |
|
|
57 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Products are ranked by fourth-quarter sales. |
|
* |
|
acquired Schering AG product (sales included for the period June 23 December 31, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Schering AG Products (pro forma, unaudited) |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betaferon®/Betaseron® |
|
|
867 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
|
+14.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin®/YAZ®/Yasminelle® |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
+35.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnevist® |
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
-1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirena® |
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
+23.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 37 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
ebitda of the Pharmaceuticals segment before special items advanced by 118.7 percent to
1,686 million (2005: 771 million), with the business acquired from Schering AG in June 2006
accounting for 774 million. When adjusted for portfolio effects, earnings rose by 141
million, due especially to a gratifying sales performance by
Kogenate®,
Levitra® and Avalox®/Avelox®. ebit before special items rose by 319
million, or 51.9 percent, to 934 million. The net special charges of 371 million in the
Pharmaceuticals segment resulted chiefly from expenses for the integration of Schering AG,
including a special gain of 74 million from the sale of an office building. ebit moved ahead by
88 million, or 18.5 percent, to 563 million.
Consumer Health
All divisions contributed to the gratifying performance of our Consumer Health segment, sales of
which improved by 8.1 percent to 4,246 million. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects,
sales rose by 8.4 percent.
Business in the Consumer Care Division expanded by 7.5 percent to 2,531 million. Among our top
products,
Aleve® (+27.5 percent), Bepanthen®/Bepanthol® (+14.9
percent) and Canesten® (+11.7 percent) posted the largest sales gains.
There was a significant increase in sales of our Diabetes Care Division, where business improved by
12.8 percent to 810 million thanks mainly to the strong performance of our blood glucose
monitoring system Ascensia® Contour® (+69.6 percent), which replaces the
older Elite systems in the Ascensia® product line, sales of which rose by 12.4 percent
overall.
Sales of the Animal Health Division rose by 5.7 percent to 905 million, due primarily to the
pleasing performance of our Advantage® product line, where business was up 10.4 percent,
and the continued market introduction of Profender®.
ebitda
of the Consumer Health segment before special items grew by 211 million, or 29.5
percent, to 927 million. This increase was attributable to positive sales development and
reduced production costs. ebit before special items advanced by 39.0 percent to 781 million.
Earnings for 2006 were diminished by special charges totaling 31 million (2005: 114
million), the main items being expenses for the integration of the Roche consumer health business,
which is largely completed, and restructuring activities in the United States. After special items,
ebit improved by 67.4 percent to 750 million.
The strong growth in sales led to an increase in current assets, particularly inventories and
receivables, diminishing net cash flow from 606 million in the prior year to 473 million in
2006.
|
|
|
38 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Care |
|
|
2,355 |
|
|
|
2,531 |
|
|
|
+7.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes Care |
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
+12.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Animal Health |
|
|
856 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
+5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
617 |
|
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
+45.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
716 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
+29.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.2 |
% |
|
|
21.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
+67.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(114 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
+39.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow * |
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
+33.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow * |
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
-21.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Consumer Health Products |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Ascensia® product line (Diabetes Care) |
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
788 |
|
|
|
+12.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspirin® * (Consumer Care) |
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
+2.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advantage®/Advantix® (Animal Health) |
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
+10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aleve®/ naproxen (Consumer Care) |
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
+27.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canesten® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
+11.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baytril® (Animal Health) |
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bepanthen
®/ Bepanthol® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
+14.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supradyn® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
+4.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One-A-Day® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
+5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alka-Seltzer® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,341 |
|
|
|
2,565 |
|
|
|
+9.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Consumer Health sales |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
total Aspirin® sales = 674 million (2005: 630 million),
including
Aspirin® Cardio, which is reflected in sales of the Pharmaceuticals segment |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 39 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Bayer CropScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
-3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-9.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,273 |
|
|
|
1,204 |
|
|
|
-5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
21.6 |
% |
|
|
21.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
-15.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
-6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
-0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Bayer CropScience Products * |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Confidor®/Gaucho®/Admire®/Merit®
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Insecticides/Seed Treatment/Environmental Science) |
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
-3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Folicur®/Raxil® (Fungicides/Seed Treatment) |
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
-18.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basta®/Liberty® (Herbicides) |
|
|
219 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
+4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Puma® (Herbicides) |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
-4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decis®/K-Othrine® (Insecticides/Environmental Science) |
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
+15.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flint®/Stratego®/Sphere® (Fungicides) |
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
-6.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantis® (Herbicides) |
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
+19.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proline® (Fungicides) |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
+58.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poncho® (Seed Treatment) |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
+15.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betanal® (Herbicides) |
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
-6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
2,189 |
|
|
|
+0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Bayer CropScience sales |
|
|
37 |
% |
|
|
38 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
figures based on active ingredient class. For the sake of clarity, only the principal
brands and business units are listed. |
Sales of Bayer CropScience in 2006 came in at 5,700 million, down just 3.3 percent in a
declining crop protection market. With selling prices in Brazil
pegged to the u.s. dollar, the
sharp appreciation of the local currency led to a decline in sales. Adjusted for this effect and
for currency and portfolio changes, business at CropScience shrank by 2.3 percent.
ebitda before special items was down by 69 million, or 5.4 percent, in
2006 to 1,204
million. The savings achieved through cost structure and efficiency improvement programs partly
compensated for the squeeze on margins brought about by price erosion, lower volumes and adverse
currency effects. ebit before special items was down 44 million, or 6.4 percent, from the
previous year to 641 million in 2006, hampered by special charges connected with the
restructuring program initiated in summer 2006 . These charges were only partially offset by
non-recurring income from the divestment of a family of mature herbicide products. After special
items, ebit for 2006 amounted to 584 million (2005: 690 million).
|
|
|
40 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Crop Protection
Sales
in the Crop Protection segment declined by 4.7 percent to 4,644 million, from 4,874
million in 2005. With selling prices in Brazil pegged to the
u.s. dollar, the sharp appreciation of
the local currency led to a decline in sales. Adjusted for this effect and for currency and
portfolio changes, business in this segment shrank by 3.5 percent.
Fiscal 2006 was marked by adverse weather conditions in major agricultural markets, a difficult
business environment in Brazil, heightening pressure on prices from generic products and an
increasing trend toward genetically modified crops. The resulting decline in sales was partially
offset by the successful marketing of innovative active ingredients introduced over the past few
years. Sales of products containing these new ingredients, which have been introduced in core
markets since 2000, achieved the 2006 target of 1 billion. Contributing to this performance
were our cereal herbicide Atlantis®, the seed treatment Poncho® and the
cereal fungicide Proline®. Including our Flint® fungicide, four of our
recent market introductions were among our ten best-selling products.
Sales of our Insecticides business unit fell by 7.0 percent overall, to 1,219 million (2005:
1,311 million). The decline was attributable to the adverse market environment in Brazil,
unfavorable regional weather conditions, increasing competition from generics and the absence of
business in certain mature insecticide products that have been divested. Business with insecticides
in China, however, developed well. Global sales of our new ketoenols Oberon® and
Envidor® posted significant increases.
Sales of the Fungicides business unit receded 3.8 percent to 1,200 million. One reason for the
decrease was the prolonged drought in Australia, the United States and parts of Europe, which led
to a decrease in fungal infestation. Another was the weakness of the farm economy in Brazil, which
led to declining acreages, particularly for soybeans. These effects primarily impacted sales of our
Folicur® and Flint® product lines.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
-4.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insecticides |
|
|
1,311 |
|
|
|
1,219 |
|
|
|
-7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fungicides |
|
|
1,248 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
|
|
-3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Herbicides |
|
|
1,840 |
|
|
|
1,758 |
|
|
|
-4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seed Treatment |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
-1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,026 |
|
|
|
889 |
|
|
|
-13.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,014 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
-8.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
20.8 |
% |
|
|
20.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
-27.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
-16.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
-9.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
+7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 41 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
In the Herbicides business unit, sales dropped by 4.5 percent to 1,758 million, from
1,840 million in 2005. Herbicide sales, too, were hampered by the drought conditions in many
regions and the increasing cultivation of genetically modified corn and soybeans in the United
States and Latin America. Atlantis® and Olympus® performed very strongly in
the market, further strengthening our position as one of the leading suppliers of cereal
herbicides. Business with our herbicides
Basta® and Liberty® moved ahead.
Sales of our Seed Treatment business unit dipped by 1.7 percent to 467 million. Adjusted for
portfolio effects, however, sales were slightly above the prior year. Business with our recently
introduced seed treatment products
Poncho®, EfA®, Bariton® and
Scenic® compensated for the decline in sales due to the drought in Australia and the
e.u. sugar market reform.
ebitda
before special items for the Crop Protection business decreased to 927 million. The
price-related decline in margins was partly offset by savings achieved through our cost structure
and efficiency improvement programs.
ebit before special items fell by 16.0 percent to 441 million. After
net special charges of
57 million,
ebit for 2006 came in at 384 million, down from 532 million in the previous
year.
Environmental Science, BioScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
+3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science |
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
+2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BioScience |
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
+4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
258 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
+6.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
25.3 |
% |
|
|
26.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
+26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
+25.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
+3.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
-26.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
Sales of the Environmental Science, BioScience segment rose by 3.3 percent in 2006 to
1,056 million, or by 3.7 percent when adjusted for currency and portfolio changes.
The
Environmental Science unit saw business expand by 2.9 percent to 714 million, from 694
million in 2005, in light of strong sales gains by our products for professional users.
BioScience increased sales by 4.3 percent to 342 million, thanks mainly to buoyant sales of
vegetable and canola seed products.
|
|
|
42 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
ebitda
for Environmental Science, BioScience before special items rose by 277 million, or 6.9
percent, thanks to the growth in business. Costs savings in Environmental Science also had a
positive effect. ebit before special items advanced by 25.0 percent from the prior year to 200
million. ebit after special items rose by 26.6 percent.
Due to an
increase in working capital, net cash flow dropped to 150 million, from 205
million in the previous year.
Bayer MaterialScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
+7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,721 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
-12.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,764 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
-4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.7 |
% |
|
|
16.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
-20.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(218 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
1,293 |
|
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
1,337 |
|
|
|
1,281 |
|
|
|
-4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
The upward business trend at Bayer MaterialScience continued in 2006 , with sales advancing a
further 7.6 percent from the previous years high level to 10,161 million, or by 7.2 percent
when adjusted for currency and portfolio effects. This encouraging growth in business was due
primarily to higher volumes in all business units, while selling prices rose slightly on average.
ebitda before special items almost matched the previous years level, dipping just 4.9 percent to
1,677 million. Substantial price hikes for petrochemical feedstocks, especially in the second
half, were offset by volume growth and price increases, but fourth-quarter earnings were held back
by a temporary loss of production in Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany. In addition, the expansion of our
sales organization in the growth market of Asia and expenses for the start-up of our production
facilities in China led to an increase in costs.
ebit before special items dropped by 83 million, or 6.4 percent, to
1,210 million. Special
charges amounted to 218 million, including 153 million in litigation-related expenses. The
prior-year figure contained net special charges of 43 million. ebit after special items was
down by 258 million, or 20.6 percent, to 992 million.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 43 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Materials
Our Materials segment saw sales rise by 3.1 percent in 2006, to 2,925 million. Adjusted for
currency and portfolio changes, the increase was 3.3 percent. Volumes in the Poly-carbonates
business unit moved higher, particularly in Europe and Asia/Pacific, with sales up 2.8 percent
over 2005 despite heavy pressure on prices. The Thermoplastic Poly-urethanes business unit grew
sales by 6.8 percent, mainly as a result of higher volumes.
ebitda
before special items fell by a substantial 30.7 percent in 2006 , to 448 million, as a
result of a squeeze on margins caused by lower selling prices and rising raw material costs, which
were not outweighed by the higher volumes. ebit before special items fell by 41.6 percent to
289 million, while ebit after special items dropped by 225 million to 289 million.
Systems
Sales of the Systems segment climbed by 9.5 percent year on year to 7,236 million, or by 8.9
percent when adjusted for currency and portfolio effects. This expansion was attributable to both
selling price and volume increases in all business units.
ebitda
before special items in 2006 advanced by 9.9 percent to 1,229 million, with selling
price increases and higher volumes more than compensating for the rise in raw material costs. ebit
before special items climbed by
123 million, or 15.4 percent, to 921 million. ebit of the
Systems segment was hampered by special charges of 218 million, resulting primarily from an
arbitration proceeding in the United States relating to the production of propylene oxide. Other
special charges were incurred in connection with pending antitrust proceedings and the
restructuring of our
u.s. sites in New Martinsville, West Virginia, and Baytown, Texas. After
special items, ebit declined by 33 million, or 4.5 percent, to 703 million.
|
|
|
44 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polycarbonates |
|
|
2,645 |
|
|
|
2,720 |
|
|
|
+2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
+6.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
-32.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
646 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
-30.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
22.8 |
% |
|
|
15.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
-43.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
495 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
-41.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
-23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
-30.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
+9.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyurethanes |
|
|
4,792 |
|
|
|
5,182 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants |
|
|
1,330 |
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
+11.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inorganic Basic Chemicals |
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
+6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
+52.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
1,051 |
|
|
|
-0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,118 |
|
|
|
1,229 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
17.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
703 |
|
|
|
-4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
(218 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
921 |
|
|
|
+15.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
+2.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 45 |
|
|
|
Performance by Region
In 2006
Bayers global business expanded by 4,255 million, or 17.2 percent, to 28,956
million. Adjusted for shifts in exchange rates, sales rose by 17.4 percent.
The largest increase in absolute terms was achieved in the Europe region, where sales climbed by
17.5 percent to 12,652 million. Portfolio-adjusted sales in Europe expanded by 5.1 percent,
driven by HealthCare and MaterialScience. Sales of the CropScience subgroup remained steady at the
previous years level due to unfavorable weather conditions, particularly in southern Europe. Sales
in Germany grew 17.7 percent to 4,525 million, or by 7.9 percent when adjusted for portfolio
effects.
Sales in North America advanced by 19.8 percent in 2006, to 7,779 million. Adjusted for
portfolio effects, the increase came to 5.9 percent. In this region too, improvements were recorded
by HealthCare, thanks to strong sales in the Consumer Health segment, as well as by MaterialScience
in the Polyurethanes business unit and in Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants. In the Crop Protection
segment, on the other hand, sales declined due to adverse weather patterns and increasing
cultivation of genetically modified crops.
In the Asia/Pacific and Latin America/Africa/Middle East regions, sales rose by 13.2 percent and
16.5 percent, respectively. Notably, sales in Greater China advanced by a gratifying 24.1 percent
from the previous year, to 1.5 billion. Portfolio-adjusted sales in the two regions advanced by
3.7 and 4.3 percent, respectively, thanks to growth in HealthCare and MaterialScience. However,
CropScience sales in the Latin America/Africa/ Middle East region receded by 9.1 percent due to the
difficult market environment in Brazil, but dipped by only 1.0 percent in the Asia/Pacific region
when adjusted for currency effects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
by Region and Segment (by market) |
|
|
Europe |
|
|
North America |
|
|
Asia/Pacific |
|
|
Latin America/Africa/Middle East |
|
|
Continuing operations |
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
|
3,192 |
|
|
|
4,737 |
|
|
|
+48.4 |
|
|
|
+48.3 |
|
|
|
2,450 |
|
|
|
3,689 |
|
|
|
+50.6 |
|
|
|
+50.5 |
|
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
1,649 |
|
|
|
+37.3 |
|
|
|
+40.9 |
|
|
|
1,153 |
|
|
|
1,649 |
|
|
|
+43.0 |
|
|
|
+44.6 |
|
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
+46.6 |
|
|
|
+47.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
3,046 |
|
|
|
+90.4 |
|
|
|
+90.2 |
|
|
|
1,129 |
|
|
|
2,226 |
|
|
|
+97.2 |
|
|
|
+96.6 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
+45.9 |
|
|
|
+50.5 |
|
|
|
438 |
|
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
+103.9 |
|
|
|
+105.7 |
|
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
+83.9 |
|
|
|
+84.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
|
1,592 |
|
|
|
1,691 |
|
|
|
+6.2 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
1,321 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
+10.7 |
|
|
|
+11.1 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
+11.6 |
|
|
|
+12.1 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
+5.7 |
|
|
|
+7.3 |
|
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
+8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
|
2,241 |
|
|
|
2,251 |
|
|
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
+0.3 |
|
|
|
1,528 |
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
-4.6 |
|
|
|
-5.1 |
|
|
|
933 |
|
|
|
907 |
|
|
|
-2.8 |
|
|
|
-1.0 |
|
|
|
1,194 |
|
|
|
1,085 |
|
|
|
-9.1 |
|
|
|
-11.4 |
|
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
-3.3 |
|
|
|
-3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
|
1,901 |
|
|
|
1,909 |
|
|
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
+0.2 |
|
|
|
1,076 |
|
|
|
996 |
|
|
|
-7.4 |
|
|
|
-8.1 |
|
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
|
-4.8 |
|
|
|
-3.1 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
-11.0 |
|
|
|
-13.5 |
|
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
-4.7 |
|
|
|
-5.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
+0.6 |
|
|
|
+0.5 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
+2.0 |
|
|
|
+2.1 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
+10.7 |
|
|
|
+13.2 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
+9.3 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
+3.3 |
|
|
|
+3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
|
4,098 |
|
|
|
4,402 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
2,622 |
|
|
|
+4.9 |
|
|
|
+5.4 |
|
|
|
1,887 |
|
|
|
2,007 |
|
|
|
+6.4 |
|
|
|
+7.2 |
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
1,130 |
|
|
|
+17.6 |
|
|
|
+16.8 |
|
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
+7.6 |
|
|
|
+7.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
|
1,063 |
|
|
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
+3.5 |
|
|
|
+3.4 |
|
|
|
609 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
-1.6 |
|
|
|
-1.0 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
947 |
|
|
|
+4.3 |
|
|
|
+4.9 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
|
+8.6 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
+3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
|
3,035 |
|
|
|
3,302 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
1,891 |
|
|
|
2,023 |
|
|
|
+7.0 |
|
|
|
+7.5 |
|
|
|
979 |
|
|
|
1,060 |
|
|
|
+8.3 |
|
|
|
+9.3 |
|
|
|
704 |
|
|
|
851 |
|
|
|
+20.9 |
|
|
|
+19.8 |
|
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
+9.5 |
|
|
|
+9.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing
operations (incl. reconciliation) |
|
|
10,771 |
|
|
|
12,652 |
|
|
|
+17.5 |
|
|
|
+17.4 |
|
|
|
6,496 |
|
|
|
7,779 |
|
|
|
+19.8 |
|
|
|
+19.9 |
|
|
|
4,073 |
|
|
|
4,610 |
|
|
|
+13.2 |
|
|
|
+15.0 |
|
|
|
3,361 |
|
|
|
3,915 |
|
|
|
+16.5 |
|
|
|
+16.0 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
+17.2 |
|
|
|
+17.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
adj.= currency-adjusted |
|
|
|
46 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Value Management
Our goal is to steadily increase Bayers enterprise value and generate high value-added for
the benefit of our stockholders, our employees and society as a whole in every country in which we
do business.
Werner Wenning, Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
Cash value added-based system
One of the prime objectives of the Bayer Group is to sustainably increase enterprise value. In 1994
we became one of the first German companies to embark on the development of a value management
system, which we introduced throughout the Group in 1997. The system is used for the planning,
controlling and monitoring of our businesses. Our primary value-based indicator is the cash value
added (cva), which shows the degree to which the cash flows needed to cover the costs of equity and
debt and of reproducing depletable assets have been generated. If the cva is positive, the company
or business entity concerned has created additional value. If it is negative, the anticipated
capital and asset reproduction costs have not been earned. Gross cash flow (gcf) and cva are
profitability indicators for a single reporting period. For a year-on-year comparison we therefore
use the delta cva, which is the difference between the cvas of two consecutive periods. A
positive delta cva shows that value creation has improved from one period to the next.
Calculating the cost of capital
Bayer calculates the cost of capital according to the debt/equity ratio by the weighted average
cost of capital (wacc) formula. The cost of equity capital is the return expected by stockholders,
computed from capital market information. The cost of debt used in calculating wacc is based on the
terms for a ten-year corporate bond issue.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 47 |
|
|
|
To take into account the different risk and return profiles of our principal businesses, we
calculate the cost of capital after taxes for each of our subgroups. In 2006 this was 7.5 percent
(2005: 8.0 percent) for Bayer HealthCare, 7.0 percent (2005 : 6.5 percent) for Bayer CropScience
and 6.5 percent (2005: 6.0 percent) for Bayer MaterialScience. The minimum return required for the
Bayer Group as a whole was 7.0 percent ( 2005 : 7.0 percent).
Gross cash flow, cash flow return on investment, and cash value added as performance yardsticks
The gcf, as published in our cash flow statement, is the measure of our internal financing
capability. Bayer has chosen this parameter because it is relatively free of accounting influences
and thus a more meaningful performance indicator.
The profitability of the Group and of its individual business entities is measured by the cash
flow return on investment (cfroi). This is the ratio of the gcf to the capital invested (ci). The
ci can be derived from the balance sheet and basically comprises the property, plant and equipment
and intangible assets required for operations stated at cost of acquisition or construction -
plus working capital, less interest-free liabilities (such as short-term provisions). To allow for
fluctuations during the year, the cfroi is computed on the basis of the average ci for the
respective year.
Taking into account the costs of capital and of reproducing depletable assets, we determine the gcf
hurdle. If the gcf hurdle is equaled or exceeded, the required return on equity and debt plus the
cost of asset reproduction has been earned. The cfroi hurdle for 2006 was 10.0 percent, while the
corresponding gcf hurdle was 3,188 million.
Actual gcf came in at 3,913 million, exceeding the hurdle by a substantial
22.7 percent. Thus
in 2006 we earned our entire capital and asset reproduction costs, and the positive cva of 725
million shows we created additional value. Given the previous years cva of 746 million, the
Bayer Group therefore achieved a delta cva of minus 21 million. With a cfroi of
12.1 percent in
2006 (2005: 12.5 percent), we thus almost equaled the previous years record level despite the
acquisition-related increase in the capital invested.
The HealthCare and MaterialScience subgroups exceeded their target returns including asset
reproduction. The cfroi for HealthCare declined from 15.5 percent in the previous year to 12.4
percent, due to the increase in capital invested associated with the Schering AG acquisition and
also because of integration-related charges. MaterialScience achieved a cfroi of 15.6 percent
(2005: 17.8 percent). The figure for CropScience dipped from 11.2 percent in the prior year to
10.3 percent in 2006 .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value
Management Indicators by Subgroup |
|
HealthCare |
|
|
CropScience |
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
Bayer Group |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Gross cash flow hurdle (GCF hurdle) |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
1,536 |
|
|
|
935 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
2,368 |
|
|
|
3,188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* (GCF) |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,720 |
|
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash value added (CVA) |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash fl ow return on investment (CFROI) |
|
|
15.5 |
% |
|
|
12.4 |
% |
|
|
11.2 |
% |
|
|
10.3 |
% |
|
|
17.8 |
% |
|
|
15.6 |
% |
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
|
12.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average capital invested (ACI) |
|
|
5,955 |
|
|
|
13,865 |
|
|
|
8,618 |
|
|
|
8,728 |
|
|
|
7,054 |
|
|
|
7,489 |
|
|
|
24,893 |
|
|
|
32,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
48 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating cash flow
Gross cash flow in 2006 amounted to 3,913 million, up 25.7 percent from the
previous year (3,114 million). The increase was mainly the result of the
strong business performance in HealthCare and the inclusion of Schering AG,
Berlin, Germany. Higher tax payments had a negative effect. Earnings for 2005
contained tax-free gains of 238 million from changes in our company pension
plans, while in 2006 the charges resulting from the revaluation of acquired
assets of Schering AG were not tax-deductible.
Net cash flow from continuing operations rose by 21.7 percent, or 701
million including 483 million from the Schering business to 3,928
million (2005: 3,227 million).
Investing cash flow
There was a net cash outflow of 14.7 billion for investing activities in
2006, compared to a 1.7 billion inflow in the previous year. This was
chiefly attributable to disbursements totaling 15.2 billion for the
Schering AG acquisition, including the purchase price payments for 96.2 percent
of Bayer Schering Pharma AG shares as of December 31, 2006, less approximately
1 billion in acquired cash. We also acquired biotech company Icon Genetics
and u.s.-based Metrika for a total of 75 million.
Cash outflows for additions to property, plant and equipment (1,534
million) and other intangible assets (342 million) totaled 1,876
million, up 487 million from the previous year. The outflows included
137 million in capital expenditures made by Schering AG. Depreciation of
property, plant and equipment came to 1,086 million, and amortization of
intangible assets to 1,000 million.
Capital expenditures for property, plant, equipment and intangible assets
included disbursements for the purchase of the European marketing rights for the
hypertension treatments Pritor® and PritorPlus® and
expenditures for the expansion of our polymers production facilities at the
Caojing site near Shanghai, China. In September 2006 we inaugurated at that site
a world-scale polycarbonate production facility with an initial capacity of
100,000 tons per year, a plant for the manufacture of the polyurethane raw
materials monomeric and polymeric
Mdi (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) from crude
Mdi with an annual capacity of 80,000 tons, and a production unit for
hexamethylene diisocyanate with a planned initial capacity of 30,000 tons.
Receipts from sales of property, plant, equipment and other assets totaled
185 million (2005: 105 million), while the proceeds of divestitures
amounted to 489 million (2005: 293 million). At the end of 2006 we
received an initial payment of 395 million related to the sale of our
Diagnostics business; this transaction closed at the beginning of 2007.
Receipts from noncurrent financial assets came to 850 million, compared to
1,189 million in 2005. This figure primarily included the sale of our 49.9
percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones to the other partner General Electric
and the repayment of a loan made to the chemical company Symrise. This loan had
been granted to the company that purchased the Haarmann & Reimer group from
Bayer in 2002.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 49 |
In the previous year, expenditures for acquisitions mainly comprised a payment
of about 1.9 billion for the consumer health business of Roche. Receipts related
to noncurrent financial assets in that year came to 1.2 billion, resulting
primarily from the scheduled repayment of loans by lanxess and the expiration of
derivatives. The 293 million cash inflow from divestitures in 2005 consisted
largely of the proceeds from the sale of the
u.s. plasma business.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Cash Flow Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in working capital/other non-cash items |
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow),
continuing operations |
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
3,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow),
discontinued operations |
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow), (total) |
|
|
3,502 |
|
|
|
4,203 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (total) |
|
|
(1,741 |
) |
|
|
(14.730 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (total) |
|
|
(1,881 |
) |
|
|
10,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to business activities (total) |
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
3.570 |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change due to exchange rate movements and to changes in scope of consolidation |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
2,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
Financing cash flow
Financing activities resulted in a net cash inflow in 2006 of 10.2 billion
(2005: outflow of 1.9 billion), which was chiefly due to net borrowings of
10.7 billion in connection with the financing of the Schering AG acquisition.
The proceeds from the placement of 34 million new shares amounted to 1.2
billion. For details of the financing, see the table headed Principal Financing
Measures for the Schering AG Acquisition on the next page.
Cash outflows for dividend payments less the 176 million refund of
advance capital gains tax payments made on intragroup dividends in 2004
amounted to 535 million (2005: 440 million), while interest payments
rose to 1,155 million (2005: 787 million) primarily as a result of
borrowings made to finance the Schering AG acquisition.
As of December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group had cash and cash equivalents of
2,915 million, including 799 million held in escrow accounts. The
latter amount comprises 710 million transferred to a guarantee account
following the decision to squeeze out Bayer Schering Pharma AGs remaining
minority stockholders, and 89 million (2005: 253 million) earmarked
exclusively for payments relating to civil law settlements in antitrust
proceedings. In view of the restriction on its use, the liquidity held in
escrow accounts was not deducted when calculating net debt.
|
|
|
|
|
50 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Net debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Net Debt |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent financial liabilities as per balance sheets (including derivatives) |
|
|
7,185 |
|
|
|
14,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which hybrid bond |
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
|
1,247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current financial liabilities as per balance sheets (including derivatives) |
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Derivative receivables |
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
8,764 |
|
|
|
19,616 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Cash and cash equivalents* |
|
|
3,037 |
|
|
|
2,116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale financial assets |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt from continuing operations |
|
|
5,494 |
|
|
|
17,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt from discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt (total) |
|
|
5,494 |
|
|
|
17,539 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
In view of the restriction on its use, the 799 million liquidity in escrow accounts
was not deducted when calculating net debt. December 31, 2006: 2,116 million = 2,915
million 799 million (December 31, 2005: 3,037 million = 3,290 million 253
million) |
Net debt rose to 17.5 billion as of December 31, 2006, due mainly to the financing of the
Schering AG acquisition. The disbursements for this acquisition in 2006 totaled 16.3 billion.
From Schering AG we assumed financial liabilities of 0.2 billion and acquired liquid assets of
1.0 billion. The following table shows the components of the acquisition financing package and
their status at year end.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Principal Financing Measures for the Schering AG Acquisition |
|
2006 |
|
|
2006 |
|
billion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit utilization: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bridge financing (7 billion facility) |
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syndicated loan (7 billion facility) |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which with a one-year term |
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bond issues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3-year floating-rate Eurobond |
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7-year fixed-rate Eurobond |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12-year fixed-rate sterling bond |
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock placement: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
12.9 |
|
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The remainder of the purchase price for the acquired shares of Schering AG was financed mainly
with liquid assets. As well as fully redeeming the bridge financing, we had also paid down the
syndicated 7 billion loan to 5.7 billion by the end of 2006.
In China,
Bayer secured a rmb 6.1 billion (0.6 billion) credit line to finance the ongoing
construction of a production facility for polyurethane raw materials in Caojing.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 51 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2006 we had noncurrent financial liabilities of 14.7 billion, including
the 1.2 billion hybrid bond issued in July 2005 and the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible
bond issued in April 2006. Moodys and Standard & Poors treat 75 percent and 50 percent,
respectively, of the hybrid bond as equity. Both rating agencies consider the mandatory convertible
bond wholly as equity. Unlike conventional borrowings, the hybrid bond thus has only a limited
effect on the Groups rating-specific debt indicators, while the mandatory convertible bond has no
effect. We raised an additional 1.2 billion through the successful placement of 34 million new
shares. Along with the placing of the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible bond, this completed
the equity raising announced in connection with the Schering AG acquisition. The total 3.5
billion thus raised is below the 4 billion limit originally set.
In January 2007, we sold the diagnostics business to Siemens for 4.3 billion. The difference
compared with the price of 4.2 billion announced in July 2006 results mainly from the transfer
of higher working capital. The transaction resulted in a cash inflow of 0.4 billion at the end
of 2006, while the remaining 3.9 billion was received at the beginning of 2007. We sold H.C.
Starck to Advent International and The Carlyle Group. The transaction value of approximately
1.2 billion comprises a cash component of more than 0.7 billion and the assumption of
financial liabilities and personnel-related commitments totaling some 0.5 billion. This sale
was closed at the beginning of February 2007. We intend to use the cash inflows from these
transactions, along with the proceeds of the planned sale of Wolff Walsrode to The Dow Chemical
Company, to reduce net debt.
Financial strategy
The financial management of the Bayer Group is conducted by the management holding company Bayer AG.
Finance is a global resource, generally procured centrally and distributed within the Group. The
foremost objectives of our financial management are to help bring about a sustained increase in
corporate value and ensure the Groups creditworthiness and liquidity. That means reducing our cost
of capital, improving our financing cash flow, optimizing our capital structure and effectively
managing risk.
Due to the increase in debt in connection with the acquisition of Schering AG, Standard & Poors
in July 2006 downgraded Bayer AGs long-term issuer rating
from A with stable outlook to bbb+ with
positive outlook. Also in July 2006, Moodys confirmed our current a3 rating, changing the outlook
from stable to negative. The short-term ratings are a-2 (Standard & Poors) and p-2 (Moodys).
These investment-grade ratings evidence a continuing high level of creditworthiness.
Our
financial strategy is geared toward the
single-a rating category in order to maintain our
financial flexibility. We therefore plan to use both the proceeds of divestitures and our
operating cash flows to reduce net debt.
We generally pursue a prudent debt management strategy aimed at ensuring flexibility, drawing on a
balanced financing portfolio. Chief among these resources in keeping with our requirements are
a syndicated credit facility, a multi-currency commercial paper program and a multi-currency Euro
Medium Term Note program. We also supplement our financing with various structured products, such
as an asset-backed securities program.
We use financial derivatives to hedge against risks arising from business operations or financial
transactions, but do not employ contracts in the absence of an underlying transaction. It is our
policy to diminish the default risk by selecting trading partners with a high credit standing. We
closely monitor the execution of all transactions, which are conducted according to Group-wide
guidelines.
|
|
|
|
|
52 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Further details of our risk management objectives and the ways in which we hedge all the major
types of transaction to which hedge accounting is applied, along with procurement market, credit,
liquidity and cash flow risks, as they relate to our use of financial instruments, are given in
Note [30] to the consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Performance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Income Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Net sales |
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
+17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
(13,412 |
) |
|
|
(15,275 |
) |
|
|
+13.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
(5,247 |
) |
|
|
(6,534 |
) |
|
|
+24.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
(1,729 |
) |
|
|
(2,297 |
) |
|
|
+32.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General administration expenses |
|
|
(1,307 |
) |
|
|
(1,599 |
) |
|
|
+22.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income and expenses net |
|
|
(492 |
) |
|
|
(489 |
) |
|
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT (operating result) |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
(602 |
) |
|
|
(782 |
) |
|
|
+29.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
+3.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
-15.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes from discontinued operations |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
-23.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to minority interest |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to Bayer AG stockholders (net income) |
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
+5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales of the Bayer Group increased by 17.2 percent, or 4,255 million, from the previous
year to 28,956 million. In local currencies and adjusted for portfolio effects, sales rose by
5.2 percent.
The cost of goods sold increased by 13.9 percent to 15.3 billion, mainly due to the inclusion
of the business of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, but also because of the growth in other businesses
and higher raw material costs. The ratio of the cost of goods sold to total net sales was 52.8
percent, compared with 54.3 percent in the previous year. With the inclusion of Schering AG,
selling expenses rose by a total of 24.5 percent to 6.5 billion. Due to the increase in the
proportion of life science activities in our portfolio, the ratio of selling expenses to sales rose
to 22.6 percent, from 21.2 percent in 2005. The importance of research and development in the Bayer
Group has further increased through the Schering AG acquisition. Accordingly, our research and
development expenses climbed by 32.9 percent to
2.3 billion, the ratio of r&d expenses to net
sales being 7.9 percent (2005: 7.0 percent). General administration expenses came to 1,599
million. The negative balance of other operating income and expenses resulted from costs related to
the acquisition of Schering AG and integration of the business, restructuring, litigation and
valuation write-downs. Gains included mainly those from the sale of a building and the divestiture
of low-volume product lines and active ingredients.
ebit for 2006 came in at 2,762 million. Before net special charges of 717 million (2005:
533 million), ebit climbed by 14.2 percent to 3,479 million.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 53 |
The non-operating result worsened by 180 million to minus 782 million. Whereas income
from investments in affiliated companies rose by a substantial 229 million, net interest
expense increased by 390 million, due particularly to the acquisition-related increase in net
debt at mid-year. Income from investments in affiliated companies included the proceeds of 236
million from the sale of our 49.9 percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones.
Income taxes for continuing operations in 2006 came to 454 million (2005: 538 million). The
lower tax expense was due mainly to first-time recognition of deferred tax assets for loss
carryforwards. The effective tax rate declined to 22.9 percent, from 28.1 percent in the prior
year.
Including the result of discontinued operations and after minority interests, Group net income in
2006 improved by 86 million to 1,683 million.
Asset and Capital Structure
Total assets increased by 19.2 billion compared with December 31, 2005, to 55.9
billion, mainly because of the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. Explanations concerning
the full consolidation of Schering are provided in Note [7.2] to the consolidated financial
statements. The data relating to the Schering AG purchase price allocation are preliminary.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Balance Sheets |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
20,130 |
|
|
|
35,897 |
|
|
|
+78.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
17,069 |
|
|
|
+2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
19,994 |
|
|
|
+20.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
+52.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
11,157 |
|
|
|
12,851 |
|
|
|
+15.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
16,495 |
|
|
|
27,525 |
|
|
|
+66.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
9,070 |
|
|
|
14,667 |
|
|
|
+61.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities directly related to assets held for sale
and discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
9,070 |
|
|
|
15,515 |
|
|
|
+71.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
25,565 |
|
|
|
43,040 |
|
|
|
+68.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity and liabilities |
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
+52.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets rose by 15.8 billion to 35.9 billion. They include 11.6 billion
in acquired and amortized intangible assets of Schering AG, consisting mainly of production-related
rights and know-how. Noncurrent assets also included goodwill of 5.7 billion as of December 31,
2006 resulting from the Schering AG acquisition.
Current assets of continuing operations rose by 0.5 billion from the previous year, to 17.1
billion, largely because of the trade accounts receivable, inventories, and cash and cash
equivalents added by the Schering AG acquisition. Current assets were diminished by the
presentation of Diagnostics, H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode as discontinued operations. These
businesses are no longer reflected in the individual balance sheet items as in the prior year, but
instead are recognized under Assets held for sale and discontinued operations and the
corresponding liability item.
|
|
|
|
|
54 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Stockholders equity expanded by 1.7 billion to 12.9 billion. The dividend payment
(including reimbursements of capital gains tax) diminished stockholders equity by 0.5 billion,
and negative currency effects led to a reduction of 0.7 billion, while Group net income
contributed 1.7 billion and the issuance of new shares added 1.2 billion. This capital
increase brought the capital stock of Bayer AG to 2.0 billion. The equity ratio (equity
coverage of total assets) for 2006 thus stood at 23.0 percent on December 31, 2006 (2005: 30.4
percent). Taking into account our portfolio changes, we expect the equity ratio to be back at
around 30 percent at year end 2007.
Liabilities grew by 17.5 billion compared with December 31, 2005, to 43.0 billion. Current
and noncurrent financial liabilities rose by 10.8 billion, mainly due to the financing of the
Schering AG acquisition. Despite the inclusion of Scherings pension commitments, provisions for
pensions were down by 0.6 billion to 6.5 billion in light of actuarial changes recognized
directly in stockholders equity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet and Financial Ratios |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cost of sales ratio (%) |
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
54.3 |
|
|
|
52.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R&D expense ratio (%) |
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
7.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory turnover |
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables turnover |
|
Net sales |
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT margin before special items (%) |
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items (%) |
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset intensity (%) |
|
Property, plant and equipment + intangible assets |
|
|
43.6 |
|
|
|
62.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets (continuing operations) 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D&A/capex ratio (%) |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
126.5 |
|
|
|
100.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liability structure 2 (%) |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gearing (%) |
|
Net debt + pension provisions |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity ratio 2 (%) |
|
Stockholders' equity |
|
|
30.4 |
|
|
|
23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return on stockholders equity 2 (%) |
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
14.4 |
|
|
|
14.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return on assets (%) |
|
Income before taxes and interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average total assets for the year based on |
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
segment table |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
Total assets (continuing operations) = noncurrent and
current assets minus the balance sheet item assets held for sale and
discontinued operations |
|
2 |
|
Ratio refers to the total of continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 55 |
Asset and Capital Structure
Information pursuant to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and
Section 315, Paragraph 4 of the German Commercial Code
The capital stock of Bayer AG amounts to 1,956,715,315.20 and is divided into 764,341,920
no-par bearer shares. Each share confers one voting right.
We have received the following notifications of direct and indirect holdings of shares in Bayer AG
that exceed 10 percent of the capital stock:
The
Capital Group Companies, Inc., u.s.a., has notified us pursuant to Section 21, Paragraph 1 of
the German Securities Trading Act (WpHG) that the proportion of voting rights it holds in our
company exceeded the 10 percent threshold on September 19, 2006, that since that date it has held
10.0179 percent of the voting rights and that all of these voting rights are attributable to it
pursuant to Section 22, Paragraph 1, Sentence 1, No. 6 in conjunction with Section 22, Paragraph 1,
Sentence 2 and Sentence 3 of the German Securities Trading Act. Further, the Capital Research and
Management Company,
u.s.a., which according to our information is a subsidiary of The Capital Group
Companies, Inc., has notified us that the proportion of voting rights it holds in our company
exceeded the 10 percent threshold on November 8, 2006, that since that date it has held 10.0852
percent of the voting rights, and that all of these voting rights are attributable to it pursuant
to Section 22, Paragraph 1, Sentence 1, No. 6 of the German Securities Trading Act.
Pursuant to Section 84, Paragraph 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the members of the
Board of Management are appointed and dismissed by the Supervisory Board. Since Bayer AG falls
within the scope of the German Codetermination Act (MitbestG), the appointment or dismissal of
members of the Board of Management requires a majority of two-thirds of the votes of the members of
the Supervisory Board. If no such majority is achieved on the first ballot, the appointment may be
approved on a second ballot by a simple majority of the votes of the members of the Supervisory
Board pursuant to Section 31, Paragraph 3 of the Codetermination Act. If the required majority is
still not achieved, a third ballot is held. Here again, a simple majority of the votes suffices,
but in this ballot the Chairman of the Supervisory Board has two votes pursuant to Section 31,
Paragraph 4 of the Codetermination Act.
Under Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the Articles of Incorporation of Bayer AG, the Board of Management
must comprise at least two members. If further members are appointed to the Board of Management,
under Section 84, Paragraph 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act or Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the
Articles of Incorporation, the Supervisory Board may appoint one member to be Chairman of the
Board of Management.
Pursuant to Section 179, Paragraph 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act, amendments to the
Articles of Incorporation require a resolution of the Stockholders Meeting. Pursuant to Section
179, Paragraph 2, this resolution must be passed by a majority of three-quarters of the voting
capital represented at the meeting, unless the Articles of Incorporation provide for a different
majority. However, where an amendment relates to a change in the object of the company, the
Articles of Incorporation may only specify a larger majority. Section 17, Paragraph 2 of the
Articles of Incorporation of Bayer AG utilizes the scope for deviation pursuant to Section 179,
Paragraph 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act and provides that resolutions may be passed by a
simple majority of the votes or, where a capital majority is required, by a simple majority of the
capital.
The Annual Stockholders Meeting of Bayer AG on April 28, 2006 resolved to revoke the existing
Authorized Capital and create new Authorized Capital (Authorized Capital I and Authorized Capital
II) and adopted the necessary amendments to the Articles of Incorporation. With the approval of
the Supervisory Board and until April 27, 2011, the Board of Management may use the Authorized
Capital I to increase the capital stock by up to a
|
|
|
|
|
56 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
total of 465 million. The issue of new shares may take place in exchange for cash and/or
contributions in kind, but capital increases in exchange for contributions in kind may not exceed
a total of 370 million. If the Authorized Capital I is used to issue shares in return for cash
contributions, stockholders must be granted subscription rights. With the approval of the
Supervisory Board and until April 27, 2011, the Board of Management is also authorized to increase
the capital by up to 186 million in one or more installments by issuing shares out of the
Authorized Capital II in exchange for cash contributions. The stockholders must be granted
subscription rights. However, the Board of Management is authorized, with the approval of the
Supervisory Board, to exclude subscription rights for stockholders provided the capital increase
out of the Authorized Capital II does not exceed 10 percent of the capital stock existing at the
time this authorization becomes effective or the time this authorization is exercised. Following
the capital increase on July 6, 2006, the Authorized Capital II is currently 98.960 million.
Conditional capital of 186.88 million, corresponding to 73,000,000 shares, exists to service
the conversion rights under a mandatory convertible bond issued by Bayer Capital Corporation b.v.
on April 6, 2006. Further, the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 28, 2006 authorized the Board
of Management to purchase and sell company shares representing up to 10 percent of the capital
stock. This authorization expires on October 27, 2007.
Material agreements entered into by Bayer AG which are subject to the condition precedent of a
change of control include, firstly, the agreement of March 23, 2006 establishing a 7 billion
syndicated credit facility for Bayer AG. This agreement contains provisions entitling the banks
participating in the syndication to terminate the agreement in the event of a change of control
and demand repayment of any outstanding sums.
Similarly, the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible bond issued by Bayer Capital Corporation b.v.
on April 6, 2006, which is secured by a subordinated guarantee from Bayer AG, also contains a
change of control clause. Under Section 6.5 of the conditions of issue, in the event of a takeover
offer pursuant to Section 29, Paragraph 1 of the German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act
(WpÜG) or a mandatory offer, bondholders shall be entitled to exercise their conversion rights. If
they do so, they will receive Bayer AG shares in accordance with the applicable conversion ratio.
Finally, the terms of the 3 billion in notes issued by Bayer AG in 2006 under its
multi-currency Euro Medium Term Note program also contain a change of control clause. Holders of
these notes have the right to demand the redemption of their notes by Bayer AG in the event of a
change of control if Bayer AGs credit rating is downgraded within 120 days after such change of
control becomes effective.
The following arrangements have been made for the members of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
in the event of a takeover offer:
In the event of a change of control and termination of a Board of Management members service
contract within 12 months thereafter whether by mutual consent, through expiration of the
contract or through its voluntary termination by the member in certain circumstances, such as a
change in strategy the member would receive a monthly bridging allowance amounting to 80 percent
of his last monthly fixed salary for a period of 60 months, not counting any period for which he
is released from his duties on full pay. His pension entitlement is based on the final target
pension level. If this has not already been reached by the date of the change of control, his
pension entitlement will be supplemented up to this level.
There are no comparable arrangements for employees.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 57 |
Proposal for Distribution of the Profit
Under German law, the dividend payment is based on the balance sheet profit of the parent
company, which amounted to 764 million in 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG Summary Income Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
(134 |
) |
|
|
(146 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling and administration expenses |
|
|
(215 |
) |
|
|
(194 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income and expenses net |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
1,449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
677 |
|
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
613 |
|
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocation (to) from retained earnings |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
(486 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet profit |
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We will propose to the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 27, 2007 that the balance sheet
profit be used to pay a dividend of 1.00 per share (764,341,920 shares) on the capital stock
of 2.0 billion entitled to the dividend for 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
58 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Employees
On December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group had 106,000 employees worldwide, compared to 82,600 on
the same date in 2005. This increase is due largely to the inclusion of the employees of Schering.
The 9,700 employees in discontinued operations are not included in the overall number.
Since the second quarter of 2006, the number of employees has been converted to full-time
equivalents, which means part-time employees are included in proportion to their contractual
working hours. We believe this presentation improves the comparability of personnel expenses and
employee numbers. The previous years data have been restated accordingly. A breakdown of
employees by segment and region is provided in the segment table in Note [1] to the consolidated
financial statements. Personnel expenses increased by 24.7 percent in 2006 to 6,630 million.
This figure includes Schering employees from the effective date of the Schering acquisition.
Our employees are our most important capital. Bayers human resources policy is centered around
fostering their individual potential through continuing education and programs to help employees
reconcile career and private goals. Our ambitious efforts in these areas make us a very attractive
employer worldwide, as also demonstrated by various honors presented to Bayer in 2006 in Germany
and around the world (see page 210 ff.).
In October 2006 the Bayer European Forum formulated a joint declaration confirming the high
importance of a diverse employee structure for our company. For many years, social dialogue
between the employers and the employees representatives at Bayers European companies has been a
central element of the cross-border exchange of information and opinions.
It has been a long-standing priority at Bayer to give young people a career start, and we once
again intensified our traditionally strong efforts in vocational training. We established 30
additional vocational training positions as a contribution to the pact formed between the German
government and industry to promote occupational training and the development of young managerial
staff. Overall more than 1,000 young people entered an occupational training program at Bayer in
2006. Also, for many years, we have maintained a special program to prepare socially and
educationally disadvantaged young people for vocational training courses.
At our many sites around the world, we uphold an ongoing commitment to vocational training and
continuing education for our employees. In 2006, for example, we invested a total of approximately
4.5 million in continuing education measures for our employees in Latin America, with Brazil
alone accounting for about 1.7 million of this figure.
In connection with the more competitive alignment of our administrative functions, we began
reorganizing our human resources (hr) activities in October 2006. A clear distribution of tasks
strengthens the focus on value-creating processes, reduces complexity and significantly improves
support to our employees at all levels. In the individual Bayer Group
companies, hr Business
Partners advise management on strategic personnel issues and hr Experts develop human resources
strategies and instruments for Group-wide application. The hr Shared Service Center Europe in
Leverkusen offers rapid and competent assistance to all employees on a wide range of personnel
issues. Other human resources processes of the Bayer Group in Europe are to be transferred
successively to the Shared Service Center through the end of 2008. The company plans to establish
additional shared service centers in North and South America in 2007 and later on in Asia.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 59 |
We have further modernized our policy on health protection at the workplace by developing a
comprehensive declaration on non-smoker protection, thus taking a firm stance on this issue. Our
company health management plan includes both counseling and courses to help employees stop
smoking.
Variable income component systems based on corporate performance have traditionally been a core
element of our employee remuneration policy. For example, short-term incentive payments in a
record amount of approximately 59 million were made to the some 18,400 active non-managerial
employees of the subgroups, services companies and Corporate Center in Germany in 2006. Through
the introduction of a Group component based on the ebitda margin, the companys success will be
even more clearly reflected in the future in calculating short-term incentive payments.
In many countries we have offered various stock participation programs for a number of years that
enable our employees to purchase Bayer shares at more favorable rates, thus making an important
contribution to asset formation. Due partly to its high earnings goals, stockholder friendliness
and transparency, the Aspire program we introduced in 2005 for the executive management level
was honored just one year later by the asset management specialist Union Investment as the best
program offered by the 30 German
dax companies.
Procurement and Distribution
Bayer HealthCare
The Pharmaceuticals segment generally procures the starting materials for manufacturing the active
ingredients of its prescription medicines from external suppliers. We hold strategic reserves to
prevent supply bottlenecks and possible dependence on suppliers. We mitigate major price
fluctuations by purchasing the intermediates required to manufacture our principal active
ingredients from several approved suppliers on the basis of global contracts. The active
ingredients of our prescription medicines are currently manufactured almost entirely in Wuppertal
and Bergkamen, Germany, for Bayer production facilities worldwide. Our most important
pharmaceutical production plants are located in Berlin, Leverkusen and Weimar, Germany; Berkeley,
California, and Seattle, Washington, United States; Garbagnate, Italy; São Paulo, Brazil; Madrid,
Spain; and Turku, Finland. Our products are primarily distributed through wholesalers, pharmacies
and hospitals.
Since we actively compete with other drug suppliers worldwide, we seek to reinforce our external
distribution network with co-promotion and co-marketing arrangements. In September 2004 we entered
into a strategic alliance with Schering-Plough under which that company distributes our primary
care products (including Cipro® and Avelox®) in the United States. (Please
note that Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey and the company acquired by Bayer in June 2006,
i.e. Bayer Schering Pharma AG [formerly named Schering AG], Berlin, Germany, are unaffiliated
companies that have been totally independent of each other for many years.) At the same time, we
market selected oncology products from Schering-Plough in selected countries. Bayer and
Schering-Plough also plan to jointly market Schering-Ploughs product Zetia® in Japan,
where it is currently involved in the registration process. Our erectile dysfunction drug
Levitra® is co-marketed in the United States by GlaxoSmithKline and Schering-Plough. In
October 2005
|
|
|
|
|
60 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
we signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Johnson & Johnson under the terms of which
Johnson & Johnson is supporting the development of our antithrombotic drug rivar-oxaban (bay
59-7939). It is intended that Johnson & Johnson market the newly developed drug in the United
States at a later date. We also have a co-marketing agreement with Wyeth, Inc. for Europe
concerning gestoden, an active ingredient for oral contraceptives.
In our Consumer Health segment the focus is on products marketed directly to consumers. The
Consumer Care Division concentrates on non-prescription drugs. While the divisions sales and
distribution channels outside Europe are typically supermarket chains, drugstores and other
wholesalers, pharmacies are the usual distribution channel in Europe. Consumer Care procures
certain high volume raw materials from within the Bayer Group. Our major externally procured
high-volume raw materials from third parties are naproxen, ascorbic acid, citric acid, paracetamol
and phenylephrine. These are generally readily available. To minimize business risks, we diversify
our raw material procurement sources worldwide and conclude long-term supply agreements.
About one quarter of the products of the Diabetes Care Division are manufactured or assembled
directly by Bayer, while the rest are procured from original equipment manufacturers
(oems). The delivery of raw materials, components and finished products is based on a
supplier management process. Access to most of the materials is thus safeguarded through
contractual agreements, and they are therefore not subject to major fluctuations in price or
availability. Delivery bottlenecks for some direct or oem materials would have negative
consequences for the earnings performance of Diabetes Care. These items include customer-specific,
integrated circuits and sensors for producing the Ascen sia® blood glucose measurement
system. We therefore hold strategic reserves of certain direct materials or finished products in
order to be able to supply our customers consistently and reliably. Furthermore, we maintain a
global supplier network. Our Diabetes Care products are generally marketed to consumers outside
Europe through supermarket chains, drugstores and other wholesalers. In Europe, we market our
products usually through pharmacies.
The Animal Health Division procures the active pharmaceutical ingredients for its veterinary
medicines both from within the Bayer Group and from external suppliers throughout the world.
Depending on local regulatory frameworks, animal health products may be available to end users
with a prescription issued by a veterinarian or over the counter from retailers or in drugstores
and other specialized marketers.
Bayer CropScience
Crop Protection procures most of its raw materials from external companies. The cost of some raw
materials depends on fluctuating crude oil and energy prices and freight charges. As a large
proportion of our sales is generated in the northern hemisphere, the business is affected by the
growing seasons for the relevant crops and the respective distribution cycles. The products of
Crop Protection are marketed either to wholesalers or directly to retailers through a two- or
three-tier distribution system, according to local market conditions.
Our Environmental Science Business Group markets its products to both professional users and
consumer markets in the non-crop segment through various distribution channels. Our green
industry, pest control and vector control products are marketed directly to professional users,
while home and garden products are sold to consumers through distribution channels.
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Procurement and Distribution
BioScience makes its seed products available to growers, distributors and processing
industries. Traits developed using plant biotechnology are either outlicensed to other seed
companies for use in their products or sold through our own seed companies. Important brands here
include InVigor® and FiberMax®. In some cases we make plant traits available
to other companies for use in their own research.
Bayer MaterialScience
The Polycarbonates business unit of MaterialScience sells its products primarily to injection
molding and extrusion processors for the manufacture of plastics components used predominantly in
the automotive, electronics, construction, data systems, medical equipment and leisure sectors.
The key petrochemical raw materials used by our Polycarbon-ates business unit are acetone and
phenol. With raw material costs affected mainly by the volatility of crude oil and oil derivative
prices, we generally conclude long-term supply agreements containing cost-based and
market-price-oriented adjustment formulas. Our products are marketed chiefly through regional
distribution channels. We also use trading houses and local distributors to sell to small volume
customers.
The polyurethane products of the Polyurethanes business unit, which are based on
isocy-anate-polyol systems, are used in the automotive, construction, electronics and furniture
industries and in leisure articles. The primary raw materials are petrochemical feedstocks, which
we mostly procure on the open market through long-term agreements. Our global joint venture with
Lyondell provides a supply source for propylene oxide, one of our key raw materials. We mostly
sell our isocyanate and polyol products directly to customers. Europe and the nafta countries
remain the primary markets for our polyurethanes business, with the Asian market continuing to
show the strongest prospects for future growth.
Our Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit is a major manufacturer of raw materials for
coatings and adhesives used primarily in the automotive, furniture, plastics and construction
industries. Temporary fluctuations in prices for crude oil or utilities, for example, can heavily
impact the cost of our raw materials. For this reason, supplies of the principal chemical raw
materials are secured through long-term agreements. Major customers with global operations are
serviced directly by our key account managers.
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Research and Development
In 2006 Bayer invested a total of 2,297 million in research and development. It is
particularly important for us to continuously optimize our product portfolio and manufacturing
processes, while at the same time developing new products aimed at strengthening our core
businesses.
Other research focuses are enabling technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, which
offer enormous potential for developing new products and businesses.
For innovation projects in particular, we build on our network of collaborations with leading
universities, public-sector research institutes and partner companies. These collaborations allow
the pooling of expertise in order to rapidly translate new ideas into successful products.
The Bayer AG innovation initiative Triple-i: Inspiration, Ideas, Innovation was successfully
launched in 2006. The initiative encourages all Bayer employees worldwide to submit ideas for
potential new products and thus help strengthen Bayers innovative power. More than 1,900 ideas
were received in the first eight months, many of which were passed on for further evaluation.
Bayer HealthCare
In 2006, 1,426 million, or roughly 62.1 percent of the Bayer Groups research and development
budget, was spent by HealthCare. Here it must be kept in mind that the Schering AG business is
included on a pro-rated basis. With this investment, the subgroup is laying the foundation in the
Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Health segments for the introduction of further innovative products
in expanding markets.
The Research & Development function of our Pharmaceuticals segment has been restructured as part
of our integration of Schering AG. It now encompasses the functions Global Drug Discovery and
Global Development. We intend the changes in Research & Development to leverage the combined
assets of Schering and Bayer to maximize both the output and effectiveness of our drug discovery
and development programs.
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Research and Development
Research programs and activities will be consolidated into three major research and
development sites: Berlin and Wuppertal, Germany, and Berkeley, California. The Berlin research
group will take leadership for diagnostic imaging, oncology and womens health. Wuppertal will
take leadership for the companys hematology and cardiology research. Both locations have
significant capabilities and activities in target discovery, lead generation and optimization,
drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, toxicology and clinical pharmacology. Berkeley will remain
an important global research and development center for protein-based biologics drug discovery and
will continue to be home of the Kogenate® biological manufacturing facility. Bayer
HealthCares u.s. research site in West Haven, Connecticut, and that of Berlex Inc. (u.s.
subsidiary of Bayer Schering Pharma AG) in Richmond, California, will be closed.
Our r&d activities are focused on the identification and development of new active substances for
diseases with a high unmet medical need. In 2006 we conducted clinical studies with several
candidates from our research and development pipeline.
Our research and development pipeline is currently being evaluated in connection with the
integration of Schering AG and will be announced at a later date.
Following its registration by the u.s. Food and Drug Administration in December 2005, our new
cancer drug Nexavar® (sorafenib) was approved in July 2006 by the European Medicines
Evaluation Agency (emea) for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc).
Over the course of 2006, the product was registered in nearly 50 other countries for the treatment
of advanced rcc. Nexavar® is based on a novel active ingredient developed jointly with
Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. that inhibits tumor growth by simultaneously blocking several
serine/threonine and receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor cells. The drug also reduces the
generation of blood vessels that supply the tumor.
In addition to the launch of Nexavar® for advanced rcc, we are actively pursuing our
Phase III clinical trial programs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), malignant
melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc). In the course of 2006, the fda and the European
emea both granted orphan drug designation to Nexavar® for the treatment of hcc.
Furthermore, Nexavar® received fast track status from the FDA for the treatment of
hcc and malignant melanoma. In December 2006, results were announced from the Phase iii malignant
melanoma study evaluating the combination of Nexavar® or placebo tablets with the
chemotherapeutic agents carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced melanoma. This trial
did not meet its primary endpoint of improving progression-free survival (pfs). The result of
treatment was similar in the two treatment arms. In February 2007 an independent data monitoring
committee (dmc) reviewed the safety and efficacy data of the Phase iii clinical trial on the
treatment of hcc with the conclusion that the trial met its primary endpoint. The dmc recommended
stopping the trial early and Bayer and Onyx will follow that recommendation. The companies will
continue discussions with health authorities worldwide regarding the next steps in filing for
approval for the treatment of hcc, and intend to make those filings as rapidly as possible. Other
tumor types are under investigation in earlier stages of clinical development.
In 2006 we launched Phase ii clinical trials with zk-epo, a further development candidate from the
indication oncology.
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zk-epo is a novel epothilone that blocks tumor cell division through a special mechanism of
action. This substance is specifically designed to overcome limitations associated with other
microtubule stabilizing agents. zk-epo is currently being tested for its effectiveness against
various solid tumors, including several major cancers such as non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc),
ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
Rivaroxaban (bay 59-7939) is a novel oral direct Factor Xa inhibitor being developed to address
currently unmet needs in the anticoagulation market for prevention and treatment of thrombotic
events. In October 2005, Bayer HealthCare and the Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Ortho-McNeil
entered into an alliance under which Ortho-McNeil is contributing to the development of
rivaroxaban, and initiated phase III clinical trials in December 2005 for the prevention of venous
thromboembolism (vte) after major orthopedic surgery. In June 2006 we announced Phase III trials
in the two chronic indications stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous
thromboembolism vte in a once-daily dose regimen. Also in 2006, we began Phase II clinical trials
in the indication acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction.
One example of research and development activities in our Womens Health business unit is the
developmental product yaz® from the drospirenone product line. A flexible dosing
regimen will make yaz® unique and different from other long-cycle oral contraceptives.
The project is in Phase III clinical trials. Clinical studies for yaz ® in the
indication acne treatment have demonstrated its effectiveness in this indication. This effect is
brought about by the ingredient progestin drospirenone, which has anti-androgenic properties. fda
approval for yaz® in the treatment of acne was granted in January 2007.
Our research and development efforts for biological products of the Hematology/Cardiology business
unit are centered around strengthening and expanding our recombinant Factor VIII product
Kogenate®. Key research and product development projects involving this product are
Kogenate® Next Generation and gene therapy for hemophilia B. In addition to the
current optimization of new protein variants of our recombinant blood coagulation Factor VIII, we
are evaluating technologies that could also playarole for the next generation of
Kogenate®. These technologies include, among others, developments based on an exclusive
global license agreement with Dutch-based Zilip-Pharma that permits us to develop and market a new
Kogenate® fs presentation based on patented pegylated liposome technology.
To supplement our internal research and development efforts, we collaborate with several companies
in different stages of the typical pharmaceutical research cycle.
We supplement our portfolio of products emerging from our own research and development with
in-licensed products, both on a global and a national level. Recent examples are the purchase of
the European business for Boehringer Ingelheims blood pressure treatment telmisartan
(Pritor® and PritorPlus®) from GlaxoSmithKline in January 2006. Also in
January 2006, we entered into an agreement with Nuvelo, Inc. for the global development and
commercialization of alfimeprase, a novel clot dissolver, which is currently in Phase III
development for the indications acute peripheral arterial occlusion (apao) and catheter occlusion
(co) and was granted fast track status by the fda in January 2006. Nuvelo and Bayer HealthCare
announced in December 2006 that the two Phase III trials of alfimeprase in patients with apao
(napa-2 trial) and in co (sonoma-2 trial) did not meet their primary endpoints. The companies are
temporarily suspending enrollment in the ongoing Phase III trials, napa-3 and sonoma-3, until
further analyses and discussions with outside experts and regulatory agencies are completed.
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Research and Development
In October 2006 we entered into a collaboration agreement with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
for the global development and commercialization of the vegf Trap for the treatment of eye disease
by local administration into the eye. The vegf Trap, currently in Phase I and Phase II clinical
trials, is a protein that binds to or traps the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and
blocks its activity. Bayer has the contractual right to market the drug outside the United States
if approved by the competent authorities.
We apply life cycle management measures to our marketed products to expand the scope of possible
treatment opportunities by identifying new indications and improved formulations. Adalat ®
is a prime example of successful life cycle management: twenty-one years after the expiration
of patent protection for the active ingredient nifedipine, its key component, the drug generated
657 million in sales in 2006.
Research and development activities of the Consumer Care Division focus on the identification,
development and market introduction of non-prescription (over-the-counter = otc) products. These
efforts are centered around support for existing brands and the implementation of product-related,
clinical and regulatory development strategies that offer the opportunity to successfully exploit
new technologies, the expansion of indications for existing products and the reclassification of
current prescription medicines as otc products.
Our Diabetes Care division focuses its research and development activities primarily on
strengthening its core product lines and on expanding into high growth/high margin segments of the
market. We achieve this through internal development and collaborations with suppliers of mass
market, user-friendly whole blood glucose monitoring systems. In addition, we are actively
researching a minimally invasive system that requires only a small blood sample and has a short
testing time. Beyond these research and development projects we are investing in technologies that
will allow glucose monitoring without painful invasive sampling of body fluids. Our long-term aim
is to allow monitoring without painful invasive blood sampling. One example of our expansion into
new segments of the diabetes market is the acquisition in July 2006 of u.s.-based Metrika,
headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Metrika manufactures and markets a new type of handheld
diabetes monitoring system capable of measuring the long-term
diabetes parameter HbA1c ,
also known as glycated hemoglobin.
The Animal Health division focuses its research and development activities on antimicrobials,
parasiticides and active ingredients useful for the treatment of non-infectious diseases such as
renal failure, pain management, oncology and congestive heart failure.
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Bayer CropScience
In 2006, 614 million or about 26.7 percent of the Bayer Groups research and development
budget was spent at CropScience.
CropScience has at its disposal a global network of research and development facilities. Crop
Protection operates major research and development facilities in Monheim and Frankfurt, Germany;
Lyon and Sophia Antipolis, France; Stilwell, Kansas and Raleigh, North Carolina, United States;
and Yuki City, Japan.
While research is concentrated at specialized sites, development activities range from central
facilities to field testing stations across the globe, enabling product testing in the relevant
geographical areas.
Crop Protection Research and Development is responsible for the identification and development of
innovative, safe and economically sustainable solutions in crop protection. Research covers
activities to identify new active ingredients that can be developed as insecticides, fungicides or
herbicides and/or other areas in modern crop protection. In addition to classical chemistry,
biology and biochemistry, modern technologies such as combinatorial chemistry,
ultra-high-throughput-screening, genomics and bioinformatics play an important role in the
identification of new lead structures. Collaborations with third parties supplement our internal
research activities.
Once a compound is identified for development, its biological, environmental and toxicological
profile, as well as its economic potential, is assessed. Suitable candidates are launched in the
market after having obtained the required regulatory approvals.
We actively support our products through continuous life cycle management. This includes the
development of new formulations for existing active ingredients and products, e.g., expanding
their applicability to additional crops or improving handling and facilitating application of the
product.
The following new active ingredients were launched in 2006 or are expected to be launched by Crop
Protection in 2007, subject to regulatory approval.
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Fluopicolide
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Fluopicolide (major brand: Infinito®) belongs to a new chemical class named
acylpicolides. Products containing this novel chemical compound have been developed for use to
control oomycete diseases in potatoes, vegetables and ornamentals. The new mode of action is
intended to enable farmers to control oomycete diseases that are resistant to standard fungicides.
Flubendiamide (major brand: Belt®) represents a novel chemical family of substituted
phthalic acid diamides with potent insecticidal activity. Belt® is a new insecticide
for foliar application in annual and perennial crops, offering protection primarily against all
major Lepidoptera species. Belt® is being co-developed by Nikon Nohyaku Company and
Bayer CropScience for worldwide use on vegetables, fruits, cotton, corn, beans, tea and a number
of other crops.
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Research and Development
Tembotrione (major brand: Laudis®) from the triketone chemical family is a new
herbicide for foliar application in corn plants. Tembotrione is a leaf-active substance that
eliminates the protection of chlorophyll against UV light in weeds. Tembotrione is applied
together with a safener component which enables the corn plants to metabolize the active substance
and maintain the carotinoid layer protecting the corn plant against UV light, thereby offering a
broad-spectrum weed control.
The molecules discovered by Crop Protection research are also tested and evaluated in
Environmental Science for potential development. Molecules from other companies may be tested and
purchased if suitable. Development projects include passive treatments (gels, baits) and
formulations to control insects, as well as new herbicide products and new mixtures of fungicides
for the turf and ornamental market segments.
In 2006, the key launches of Environmental Science were the fungicide TartanTM
(trifloxystrobin triadimefon-based) and the insecticide ForbidTM (spiromesifen-based)
in the green industry and the sprayable Quickbayt® (imidacloprid-based) for fly control
in professional pest control applications. In 2007 we expect to launch, among others, the
insecticide Exemptor® (thiacloprid-based) in the green industry in Europe, as well as a
new type of termite control granules (imidacloprid-based) and a new 2,4-d, dicamba-based herbicide
for the pest and weed consumer market in the United States.
Research activities in the BioScience Business Group are based on plant technology and modern
breeding methods. The primary BioScience research facilities are located in Lyon, France; Haelen,
Netherlands; Ghent, Belgium; and Potsdam, Germany. Our main development sites are in the United
States, Canada, Brazil, India and Australia.
Research and development in this field is mainly geared toward improving the agronomic and
qualitative properties of crops. The technologies used include all relevant tools from
identifying the gene of interest to developing it necessary to improve key crops (cotton, canola
and rice) for growers and industrial partners. Various projects at the research and development
stage are pursuing the goal of improving the agronomic traits of crops with respect to herbicide
tolerance, disease and insect resistance, harvest yields and quality. Our researchers are also
searching for ways to develop plants that are highly resistant to stress factors such as extreme
temperatures. At the same time, we conduct detailed analyses of crops with a view to producing
special raw materials for industrial and consumer applications.
Our business growth in BioScience is supported by the continuous introduction of new products. In
2006 we introduced eight new cotton grades and four types of rice. We expect to launch several new
cotton grades and one new type of canola in 2007.
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Bayer MaterialScience
In 2006 MaterialScience spent 227 million, not including joint development activities with
customers, to further expand its position as a technology leader and global supplier of
customized, high-quality materials and systems solutions. This corresponds to 9.9 percent of the
Groups research and development expenses. In the five Material-Science business units
Polyurethanes; Polycarbonates; Thermoplastic Polyurethanes; Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants and
Inorganic Basic Chemicals state-of-the-art technologies and production processes are used to
implement new products and applications in close cooperation with our customers and external
partners.
For example, our Polycarbonates business unit strives to develop new formulations and applications
for its products and constantly improve its manufacturing processes. We are currently working
further on the optimization of our new polycarbonate melt manufacturing process.
In product development, we focus our activities on developing new blends, refining material for
optical data storage, developing modified base materials for polycarbonate sheets and modifying
the surface of polycarbonates using various coating technologies. Examples include the further
development of our Bayblend® FR series and Makrolon® with improved
flame-resistant properties for the electronics and automotive industries. In the area of
polycarbonate films, we are developing value added films (comprising new resins as well as
surface-modified films) to enter new market segments such as soft touch coated
Makrofol® films for interior parts used in the automotive industry and mobile phone
housings.
The main areas of innovation in the Polyurethanes business unit are currently the development of
new or improved polyether polyol types and blends as well as the improvement of manufacturing
processes. Polyurethanes concentrates its research and development efforts with respect to
aromatic isocyanates on improving existing products and technologies for their manufacture. Our
tdi facility in Caojing, China, which is planned to come on stream in 2009, will use such improved
manufacturing processes.
In product development, we focus our activities on extending the applications for new composite
materials. We also work to improve flame resistance and thermal insulation properties. We develop
other materials for durability aspects using various technologies. Examples here include the
development of Multitec® for use in bathtubs as well as hoods and fenders for
agricultural vehicles.
The Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit focuses its research and development activities on
developing polyurethane raw materials for the formulation of high performance coatings, adhesives
and sealants, such as aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates and resin components. An important
area of research is raw materials for waterborne and thus more environmentally friendly coatings
systems. We are also working together with the u.s. company InPhase Technologies on the
development of new photoactive polymers for holographic data-storage applications. InPhases first
generation product by the name of Tapestry® will be a memory storage medium holding 300
gb of data. In collaboration with the British coatings manufacturer E. Wood, we are developing a
polyurea system based on a special aliphatic polyisocyanate. This new formulation is used for the
rehabilitation of drinking water pipes.
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The bulk of research and development activities conducted by the Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
business unit consists of developing high performance thermoplastic polyurethane resins and films,
such as highly uv-stable and transparent grades for foils in solar modules.
The processes and plants of our Inorganic Basic Chemicals business unit, which supply
MaterialScience with chlorine and inorganic intermediates, are continuously enhanced and optimized
while keeping in mind environmental compatibility. The main area of innovation in chlorine
production is currently the development of the oxygen depolarized cathode (odc) to significantly
reduce power consumption. We intend to use this technology to supply the isocyanate production in
Caojing, China, with chlorine beginning in 2008.
To exploit profitable business opportunities for the future, the New Business section of
MaterialScience constantly tracks and evaluates new technological and market trends. The most
promising ideas are channeled into research and development projects. These projects are then
either implemented in cooperation with the business units or developed within independent
companies as part of the so-called greenhouse concept. In 2006, for example, the start-up
enterprise lyttron was established for the production of three-dimensional molded
electroluminescent films. Our internal activities are supplemented by collaborations with
universities, institutes and start-up companies around the world.
Bayer Technology Services
For engineering and technological issues, particularly in the area of process technology, all
subgroups work closely together with Bayer Technology Services. This service company develops
innovative technology platforms for the Bayer Group, helping the subgroups to sustain their
performance. These enabling technologies shorten development times and support the manufacture of
new products, system solutions and production processes in the subgroups.
A strategic core element in this connection is international insourcing, which involves the
acquisition of know-how. This ranges from country-specific expertise in the implementation of
capital expenditure projects through the global exploitation of innovations and public research
funding to the recruitment of top international experts and the establishment of collaborations
with other companies and research institutes.
Bayer Innovation
Innovation topics outside of the subgroups core activities are investigated, evaluated and
developed into feasible new businesses for the Bayer Group by Bayer Innovation GmbH (big).
bigs goal is to incorporate Bayers core competencies in the fields of health care,
nutrition and materials into projects that complement the companys business portfolio, and to
facilitate access to new growth markets.
One example of this is the manufacture of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmp). big is charged with
coordinating the Bayer Groups pmp activities. Through the acquisition in January 2006 of biotech
company Icon Genetics AG, big possesses a pmp technology platform that enables us to offer
market-oriented solutions for the biopharmaceutical business through magnicon®
technology. The full potential of this technology platform is being evaluated in close cooperation
with Bayer HealthCare, Bayer CropScience, Bayer MaterialScience, Bayer Technology Services and
external partners.
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Sustainable Development
We steer the sustainable alignment of the Bayer Group on the basis of our mission statement,
values and leadership principles. Our existing committees for sustainable development and for
health, safety and environmental issues continued their work in 2006, developing a Group-wide
Sustainable Development Policy that is enacted through corporate directives and positions, our
voluntary commitments and our sustainable development performance management system. It applies in
all countries and regions of the world in which Bayer is present. The subgroups and service
companies are charged with implementing this policy on a day-to-day basis.
Our performance management efforts are brought together in the Sustainable Development Program
2006+, which combines the objectives of the subgroups and service companies and is divided into
several fields of activity, including Innovation, Product Stewardship, Excellence in Corporate
Management, Social Responsibility and Responsibility for the Environment. Within these fields,
specific measures are assigned to each goal to ensure that they are realized on schedule.
During the reporting period, we matched or further improved most of the key performance
indicators. There was an increase in environmental and transportation incidents. These incidents
have been analyzed and evaluated, and the resulting measures are currently being implemented or
planned.
We once again adjusted to changing conditions and new requirements in 2006.
For example, we made the necessary preparations for the inclusion of Schering AGs sites in the
collection and evaluation of environmental and safety data for 2006.
We also further improved our reporting. Our Sustainable Development Report, which now appears
annually, was published largely on the basis of the Global Reporting Initiative (gri)
guidelines, receiving the German Environmental Reporting Award
2006 (dura) from the German
Chamber of Certified Accountants. The Sustainable Development Report 2006 is scheduled to appear
in May 2007. In 2006 we continued our commitment as an Organizational Stakeholder of the gri,
which was established by the United Nations. Since January 2007 a Bayer representative has been a
member of the gris Stakeholder Council, which decides on the initiatives strategy and
policy.
We renewed our commitment to the global Responsible Care initiative of the chemical industry with
the signing by our Management Board Chairman of the Responsible Care Global Charter of the
International Council of Chemical Associations (icca) in
January 2006. Our revised Position on
Responsible Care has been confirmed by our subgroups and service companies.
It is important to us to participate in the shaping of framework conditions. Bayer is keenly
involved in both national and international debates on environmental and consumer protection
strategies and regulations. With our commitment to product stewardship, we also support the goals
of the e.u. chemicals policy (reach) to ensure the safety of everyone who comes into contact with
our products throughout their life cycle, as well as to further improve consumer safety and
environmental protection. That is why we participated constructively
in the revision of the e.u.
chemicals policy with our own proposals for balancing environmental protection and consumer
protection with competitiveness. We also initiated a process aimed at preparing our company for
reach.
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Sustainable Development
We endorse the goals of the e.u. strategy for improving health and the environment (scale),
which focuses particularly on childrens health. However, it is essential that all relevant
influencing factors, and especially genuine health problems, be taken into account. The scientific
assessment of risks must remain the basis for decision-making, and existing regulations should be
kept in mind.
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20061,2 |
Health,
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health and Safety |
|
|
|
Industrial injuries to Bayer employees resulting
in at least one days absence
(number of injuries per million hours worked)
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reportable industrial injuries to Bayer employees
(number of injuries per million hours worked)
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Major environmental incidents
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation incidents
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emissions and waste |
|
|
|
Greenhouse gases,
CO2 equivalents
(million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
(thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total phosphorus in waste water
(thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nitrogen in waste water (thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total organic carbon (TOC) (thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hazardous waste generated (million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hazardous waste landfilled (million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use of resources |
|
|
|
Water use (million m3/day)
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Energy use (petajoules [1015 joules]/year)
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employees and Society
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diversity and opportunity |
|
|
|
Percentage of women in Bayer Group
senior management 3
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of nationalities in Bayer Group
senior management 3
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Training and development |
|
|
|
Training costs in percent of personnel expenses
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment |
|
|
|
Number of employees by region as of December 31
(permanent and temporary)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
45,700 |
|
|
|
57,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
13,100 |
|
|
|
17,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
13,200 |
|
|
|
17,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin America/Africa/Middle East
|
|
|
10,600 |
|
|
|
13,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
excluding H.C. Starck, Wolff Walsrode and the Diagnostics Division |
|
2 |
|
including Schering AG as of June 23, 2006 |
|
3 |
|
At year end 2006 no former Schering employees had yet been named to the Bayer Group
Leadership Circle. |
Biotechnology and nanotechnology offer enormous potential for essential products and
applications in the areas of health care, nutrition and environmental protection. For example,
biotechnology opens up new options for the efficient and targeted manufacture of renewable raw
materials. The statements contained in our Position on Responsible Care also apply to the use of
biotechnology and nanotechnology at Bayer. This means in particular that safety and environmental
protection have the same standing as quality and cost-effectiveness. In the field of
nanotechnology, we are involved in the Nanocare and tracer safety research projects of the
German Ministry of Education and Research.
|
|
|
|
|
72 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Working for climate protection
Climate change is a major global challenge. Bayer is facing up to this challenge and intensifying
its efforts to improve its greenhouse gas emissions profile. In this context, we see various ways
to contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. We support new technologies and research
projects that promote the development of biofuels and the use of biomass, for example, in
technical applications. In our own production operations we use innovative process technologies
that reduce direct carbon dioxide emissions, one example being the conversion of our chlorine
electrolysis plants from the amalgam to the modern membrane process. We offer products that
contribute to significantly reducing energy consumption, such as our polyurethanes used as thermal
insulation materials in buildings or refrigerators. Also of note is the technology transfer we
facilitate through direct investment in countries such as China. The application of ultra-modern
technologies there reduces greenhouse gas emissions in the country that is currently registering
the worlds fastest economic growth.
At the European level we advocate an emissions trading system that does justice both to the
interests of industry and the need to protect the Earths climate.
In the United States, Bayer Corporation is voluntarily taking part in the emissions trading
program of the Chicago Climate Exchange (ccx) and committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
by one percent a year between 2003 and 2006. This goal was significantly exceeded and it is
planned to extend the commitment through 2010.
We represent our positions in numerous industry associations, initiatives and organizations that
work for sustainable and responsible development, such as the United Nations Global Compact
network, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (wbcsd), the German sustainable
development forum econsense and the csr Alliance for the implementation of the e.u. sustainable
development strategy. We are also active in the business leadership initiative 3 c: Combat
Climate Change, as well as in the Climate Change Dialogue organized by globe International.
Sustainable investment
Bayer stock is included in various indices and investment funds that focus on companies with a
responsible corporate policy.
The companys shares have been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index World (djsi World)
continuously since it was established in 1999. Bayer stock has also been listed in the European
Dow Jones Sustainability Index stoxx (djsi stoxx) since its inception in 2001. Furthermore, our
shares been included in the benchmark sustainability indices of the
ftse4 Good series since it was
launched by the Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange in 2001. Analysts at the Storebrand
Principal Fund recently again rated Bayer as one of the top companies in its peer group, awarding
it the ranking Best in Class Environmental and Social Performance. In addition, our shares
were again listed in the French aspi Eurozone Index in 2006. As in 2005, Bayer was last year named
Best in Class as one of the worlds leading companies in the area of climate protection.
Consequently, the company is once again listed in the Climate Leadership Index the worlds first
climate protection index and was rated best in its industry sector. This was announced by the
investor group Carbon Disclosure Project (cdp) on September 18, 2006 in New York.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 73 |
Corporate Social Responsibility
Bayer again underscored its role as a good corporate citizen in 2006 with a number of
activities in the fields of education and research, environment and nature, health and social
needs, and sports and culture. We improved the content of these programs and expanded them to
include additional countries. We also launched various new initiatives.
Bayer und National Geographic, the worlds largest non-profit science organization, came together
in 2006 to commit 250,000 through the Global Exploration Fund in support of nine research
projects aimed at protecting drinking water. In field studies in all regions of the world,
scientists are undertaking water studies and investigating the recovery and treatment of water. In
connection with our Making Science Make Sense program, more than 1,200 Bayer employees in the
United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan and, since 2006, France are supporting
scientific education by regularly volunteering their time to help teach in elementary schools. The
various Bayer foundations assist both leading scientists and talented young researchers. In 2006
Professor Alois Fürstner from the Max Planck Institute for Carbon Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany, received the Otto Bayer Prize for his outstanding achievements in the field of natural
substance synthesis. At the end of 2006, a total of 59 students and young people who have
completed vocational training programs and were gaining career experience outside Germany were
being supported by the Bayer foundations. We signed an agreement with Tongji University in
Shanghai to fund a Chair for Sustainable Development. According to the terms of the agreement,
Bayer will provide material and financial funding totaling
us$ 1 million for an initial period of
five years. To supplement the Endowed Chair, scholarships for outstanding students from both
industrial and developing nations and suitable projects are planned. The company has also agreed
to contribute its scientific and technical expertise to the teaching programs.
Bayer also supported the United Nations Environment Programme (unep) in the organization of a
global childrens environmental conference from August 26 to 30, 2006 in Putrajaya, Malaysia,
providing personnel, material and financial resources. Furthermore, the company provided funding
to help develop the structures for the United Nations global youth environmental activities
through the establishment of additional regional networks for young environmentalists in Asia and
the organization of the first ever youth environmental conferences in Latin America and Africa.
The Young Environmental Envoy Program, which in 2006 saw Bayer again invite about 50 young people
from Asia, Latin America, Africa and eastern Europe to attend a week-long study trip to Germany,
was expanded to include Malaysia and Vietnam increasing to 16 the number of participating
countries. The company spent a total of 1 million last year on activities organized in the
context of its partnership with unep, including a global childrens painting competition, a
photographic competition in eastern Europe and the publication of the environmental magazine
Tunza. At a news conference held in Leverkusen on March 20, 2006, Bayer and unep drew a positive
balance of the partnerships first two years.
In Colombia we launched the Ludoteca (play bus) project in 2006. Bayer employees tour the
country in a bus together with experts from the child protection organization Día del Niño (Day
of the Child), each month giving an average of 2,000 socially disadvantaged children what is
usually their only opportunity to play. The aim is to use play
|
|
|
|
|
74 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
as a means of teaching the children important physical, intellectual and social skills. In India,
too, we launched initiatives aimed at protecting children. Bayer CropScience works together with
Naandi Foundation in the fight against child labor and poverty. The two partners see educational
qualifications and vocational training as the key to improving the quality of life over the long
term. Bayer CropScience therefore particularly supports the reintegration into education of
children who have previously been employed in agriculture. On behalf of Bayer, Naandi Foundation
has set up several Creative Learning Centers in which about 700 children are now being prepared to
attend regular schools. Bayer CropScience also supports continuing education for teachers at the
state-run village schools and provides teaching materials for scientific curricula.
In 2006 we facilitated family planning options for many people in the worlds less affluent
regions by supplying contraceptive systems for sale at cost price. In cooperation with state and
social organizations worldwide, we provided about 60 million cycles of oral contraceptives and
roughly 10 million units of injectable contraceptives, as well as implants and intrauterine
systems, and organized accompanying information campaigns.
Last year again, Bayer provided rapid assistance to people in emergency situations. In May we made
available medicines, food, drinking water, clothing and financial support with a total value of
500,000 for victims of the earthquake on the Indonesian island of Java. Bayer HealthCare
donated shipments of its
Cipro®
antibiotic with a wholesale value of more than
us$ 25
million to the aid organization map (Medical Assistance Programs) International for distribution
to hospitals in the worlds poorest countries.
Bayer has been a main sponsor of the German Association for Disabled Sports (dbs) since 2000. In
2006 we extended this commitment for a further year.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 75 |
Compensation Report
The members of the Board of Management receive a fixed salary, composed of a base salary and a
fixed supplement. Additionally, remuneration in kind and other benefits, and variable compensation
are granted. The variable compensation comprises a variable bonus and the possible payments
resulting from participation in long-term stock-based compensation programs. Since 2005, the
variable bonus for a given year is tied to the attainment of the Group target based on ebitda. For
the year 2006, the variable bonus is calculated partly according to the Groups ebitda margin
before special items, and partly according to the average target attainment of the HealthCare,
CropScience and Material-Science subgroups. The latter is based mainly on the subgroups target
attainment measured by ebitda before special items as well as on a qualitative appraisal in
relation to the market and competitors.
The direct remuneration of members of the Board of Management in 2006 amounted to 8,143,822
(2005: 7,064,828), comprising 2,260,400 (2005: 1,985,580) in base salaries and
1,096,556 (2005: 837,073) in fixed supplements, 4,644,475 (2005: 4,085,754) in
variable bonuses plus 142,391 (2005: 156,421) of remuneration in kind and other benefits.
Remuneration in kind mainly consists of values assigned to certain benefits in kind in accordance
with German taxation guidelines, such as on the use of company cars.
Members of the Board of Management were permitted to participate in a cash-settlement-based stock
option program, offered through 2004, if they placed their personal investment in Bayer stocks in
a special deposit account. Under this previous program, a total of 25,290 instruments with a fair
value of 1,806,718 remained outstanding as of December 31, 2006.
Since 2005, the members of the Board of Management have participated in the long-term stock-based
compensation program Aspire i (2005 and 2006 tranches). Participation in this program is linked to
membership of a Group Leadership Circle, not to the contract of service as a member of the Board
of Management. Further details of this program are presented in Note [26.1] Stock-based
compensation.
The entitlements earned in 2006 relate to the 2006 parts of the respective three-year performance
periods of the long-term stock-based compensation programs granted in current and previous years.
The changes in the value of previously existing entitlements under long-term stock-based
compensation programs that were earned prior to 2006 are shown separately. They result from the
upward trend in the price of Bayer stock in 2006. Additionally, the fair value of the stock-based
compensation as of the grant date in 2006 is given separately.
The table below shows the remuneration components of those individual members of our Board of
Management who actively served in the course of 2006. In 2006, the remuneration of our chief
financial officer was raised to recognize the special tasks of this position.
|
|
|
|
|
76 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Remuneration of the members of the Board of Management
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base salary |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
343,526 |
|
|
|
343,530 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
2,260,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
1,985,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed supplement |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
316,366 |
|
|
|
142,205 |
|
|
|
142,206 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
1,096,556 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
837,073 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable bonus |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
1,525,086 |
|
|
|
1,034,615 |
|
|
|
567,335 |
|
|
|
689,745 |
|
|
|
827,694 |
|
|
|
4,644,475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
1,554,615 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
4,085,754 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remuneration in kind
and other benefits |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
47,926 |
|
|
|
35,571 |
|
|
|
9,594 |
|
|
|
18,163 |
|
|
|
31,137 |
|
|
|
142,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
40,169 |
|
|
|
35,266 |
|
|
|
41,942 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,044 |
|
|
|
156,421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directly effected
remuneration |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2,647,016 |
|
|
|
1,798,788 |
|
|
|
1,062,660 |
|
|
|
1,193,644 |
|
|
|
1,441,714 |
|
|
|
8,143,822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2,668,788 |
|
|
|
1,461,862 |
|
|
|
1,468,538 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465,640 |
|
|
|
7,064,828 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation
entitlements earned in the
respective year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
820,514 |
|
|
|
480,609 |
|
|
|
538,181 |
|
|
|
193,188 |
|
|
|
461,939 |
|
|
|
2,494,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
495,504 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
284,248 |
|
|
|
1,351,248 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in value of
existing entitlements |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
339,733 |
|
|
|
229,617 |
|
|
|
104,125 |
|
|
|
66,262 |
|
|
|
164,952 |
|
|
|
904,689 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
169,289 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,055 |
|
|
|
466,730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
The fair value of the stock-based compensation as of the grant dates for 2006 and 2005,
respectively, is shown in the following table. The entitlements earned in 2006 under the 2006 and
2005 stock-based compensation are included in the preceding table under stock-based compensation
entitlements earned in the respective year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of newly
granted stock-based
compensation as of
grant date |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
268,113 |
|
|
|
181,886 |
|
|
|
40,419 |
|
|
|
117,597 |
|
|
|
145,509 |
|
|
|
753,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
253,636 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
666,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
Pension provisions for the current members of the Board of Management amounted to
29,564,478 (2005: 32,218,996). Active members of the Board of Management are entitled to
receive a pension from the age of 60 in an annual amount equal to at least 30 percent of the last
yearly fixed salary. This percentage increases depending on years of service as a Board of
Management member and, according to the inception of the respective service contract, is capped
between 60 and 80 percent. We refer to the maximum such percentage a member of the Board of
Management can reach as his final target pension level.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 77 |
Compensation Report
We currently pay former and retired members of the Board of Management a monthly pension equal
to 80 percent of the last monthly base salary received while in service. The pensions paid to
former members of the Board of Management or their widows are normally reassessed every three
years and adjusted taking into account the development of consumer prices. These amounts are in
addition to any amounts they receive as a result of their participation in the Bayer pension plan
described below. The current service cost for pension entitlements of those individual members of
our Board of Management who actively served in the course of 2006 was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current service cost for
pension entitlements
earned in the respective year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
398,564 |
|
|
|
1,651,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644,517 |
|
|
|
233,284 |
|
|
|
3,927,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
311,158 |
|
|
|
420,046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
186,600 |
|
|
|
917,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
For active Board of Management members a general severance indemnity clause, with the
following main elements applies:
If a member of the Board of Management is not offered a new service contract upon expiration of
his existing service contract because he is not reappointed to the Board of Management, or if the
member is removed from the Board of Management in the absence of grounds for termination without
notice, he will receive a monthly bridging allowance amounting to 80 percent of his last monthly
fixed salary for a period of 60 months from the date of expiration of his service contract less
the period for which the Board of Management member was released from his duties on full pay.
Special arrangements apply in the event of a change of control; for details see page 56 f.
Emoluments to retired members of the Board of Management and their surviving dependents amounted
to 10,924,768 (2005: 10,323,009). Pension provisions for former members of the Board of
Management and their surviving dependents amounted to 117,866,846 (2005: 115,972,457).
There were no loans to members of the Board of Management outstanding as of December 31, 2006, nor
any repayments of such loans during the year.
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78 Management Report
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Compensation of the Supervisory Board
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is based on the provisions of the Articles of
Incorporation, the current version of which was adopted by the stockholders at the Annual
Stockholders Meeting on April 29, 2005. This provides that, in addition to reimbursement of their
expenses, each member of the Supervisory Board receives fixed annual remuneration of 60,000
and a variable annual remuneration component. The variable remuneration component is based on
corporate performance in terms of the gross cash flow reported in the Group financial statements
for the fiscal year. The members of the Supervisory Board receive
2,000 for every
50,000,000 or part thereof by which the gross cash flow exceeds 3,100,000,000, but the
variable component for each member may not exceed 30,000. In accordance with the provisions of
the German Corporate Governance Code, additional remuneration is paid to the Chairman and Vice
Chairman of the Supervisory Board and for chairing and membership of committees. The Chairman of
the Supervisory Board receives three times the basic remuneration, while the Vice Chairman
receives one-and-a-half times the basic remuneration. Members of the Supervisory Board who are
also members of a committee receive an additional one quarter of the amount, with those chairing a
committee receiving a further quarter. However, no member of the Supervisory Board may receive
total remuneration exceeding three times the basic remuneration. If changes are made to the
Supervisory Board and its committees during the fiscal year, members receive remuneration on a
pro-rated basis. No remuneration or benefits were paid for personal services, in particular, the
provision of consultancy or intermediary services. The Company has purchased insurance for the
members of the Supervisory Board to cover their legal liability arising from their service on the
Supervisory Board.
In addition to their remuneration as members of the Supervisory Board, those employee
representatives who are employees of Bayer Group companies receive compensation unrelated to their
service on the Supervisory Board. The total amount of such compensation was 647,813.
There were no loans to members of the Supervisory Board outstanding as of December 31, 2006, nor
any repayments of such loans during the year.
The remuneration of the individual members of the Supervisory Board is shown in the table in the
Corporate Governance Report on page 16.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 79 |
Risk Report
Risk management
Business operations necessarily involve opportunities and risks. Effective risk management is
therefore a key factor in maintaining the companys value over the long term.
The management of opportunities and risks at Bayer is an integral part of the Group-wide corporate
governance system, not the task of one particular organizational unit. Key elements of the risk
management system are the planning and controlling process, Group regulations and the reporting
system. In regular conferences the companys results and its potential opportunities and risks are
discussed, and targets and necessary actions are agreed upon.
The Bayer Group implemented the requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding
the system of internal controls. Please refer to the Corporate Governance report on page 14 ff.
for more information.
Corporate Auditing monitors the effectiveness of, and compliance with, the internal management and
control system. The effectiveness of the risk management system is audited at regular intervals.
In addition, within the year-end audit the external auditor issues an opinion on the risk
management system and briefs the Group Management Board and the Supervisory Board on the outcomes
of these evaluations. These outcomes are taken into account in the continuing enhancement of our
risk management system.
To counter risks arising from legal or other requirements, we make our decisions and engineer our
business processes on the basis of comprehensive legal advice provided both by our own experts and
by acknowledged external specialists.
We have purchased insurance coverage where it is available on economically acceptable terms in
order to minimize the financial impact of possible compensation claims. The level of this coverage
is continuously re-examined.
Overall business risks
Pharmaceutical product prices are subject to regulatory controls in many markets. Some governments
intervene directly in setting prices. In addition, in some markets major purchasers of
pharmaceutical products have the economic power to exert substantial pressure on prices. Price
controls limit the financial benefits of growth in the pharmaceutical segment and the introduction
of new products.
Sales of our crop protection products are particularly subject to weather conditions and
fluctuations in crop prices. In addition, the increasing use of plant biotechnology could reduce
market demand for some of our agrochemical products.
The performance of our MaterialScience subgroup is affected by cyclicality of the industries in
which they operate. Low periods in the business cycles are characterized by decreasing demand and
excess capacity, leading to price pressure and intense competition. This may result in volatile
operating margins across the business cycle and to operating losses in these businesses.
Expectations of growth, especially in Asian economies, encourage producers to increase their
production capacities. Future growth in demand may not be sufficient to absorb those capacity
additions without significant downward pressure on prices.
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80 Management
Report
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The early identification of economic trends or regulatory changes forms a particularly important
part of our business management. Our analyses of the global economy and forecasts of medium-term
economic development are documented in detail on a quarterly basis and used to support operational
business planning. For a summary forecast, see Future Perspectives Economic Outlook.
Product development risks
The Bayer Groups competitive positions, sales and earnings depend significantly on the
development of commercially viable new products and production technologies. We therefore devote
substantial resources to research and development. Because of the lengthy development processes,
technological challenges, regulatory requirements and intense competition, we cannot assure that
all of the products we are currently developing, or may begin to develop in the future, will
actually reach the market or achieve commercial success in a timely manner.
Our life science segments are subject to particularly strict regulatory regimes. Increasing
regulatory requirements, such as those governing clinical or (eco-) toxicological trials, may
increase product development costs and the time it takes to bring new products to market.
Adverse effects of our products that may be discovered after regulatory approval or registration
despite thorough prior testing may lead to a partial or complete withdrawal from the market, due
either to regulatory actions or our voluntary decision to stop marketing a product.
To ensure an efficient and effective use of resources, Bayer has implemented an organizational
structure and process organization comprising functional departments, working groups and reporting
structures to monitor internal research and development projects.
Patent risks
We are involved in lawsuits to enforce patent rights in our products. In particular, generic drug
manufacturers may seek marketing approval for pharmaceutical products currently under patent
protection by challenging the validity or enforceability of a patent. We may also be required to
defend ourselves against charges of infringement of patent or proprietary rights of third parties.
When one of our patents expires, or if a patent defense is unsuccessful, we are likely to face
increased competition from generic products entering the market.
To minimize the risk of infringement of our patents, our legal department regularly reviews the
patents situation in conjunction with the relevant functional departments and watches for
potential patent infringement attempts by other companies so that legal action can be taken if
necessary.
Procurement market risks
Our MaterialScience subgroup uses significant amounts of petrochemical raw materials and energy in
its manufacturing processes. The prices of raw materials and energy vary with market conditions
and may be highly volatile. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods during
which we are not able to pass along the full amounts of any cost increases to our customers.
We purchase strategic raw materials on the basis of long-term contracts with multiple suppliers
wherever possible. Supply agreements are centrally negotiated to achieve more favorable prices and
supply terms for the Group as a whole.
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Bayer
Annual Report 2006
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|
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|
Management Report 81 |
Risk Report
Operational risks
Production at some of our manufacturing facilities could be adversely affected by occurrences such
as technical failures or disruptions to raw material deliveries. In particular, our biological
products business employs complicated production processes that are more likely to experience
disruption. For this reason all production processes and material inputs are tested continuously
by the relevant functional departments.
The Bayer Group is increasingly dependent on information technology systems to support business
processes as well as internal and external communications. Despite all technical precautions, any
significant disruption of these systems may result in loss of data and/or impairment of production
and business processes.
From time to time, we acquire all or a portion of an established business and combine it with our
existing business units. Integration of existing and newly acquired businesses requires difficult
decisions, e.g. regarding staffing levels and reengineering of business processes, which are
critical for a successful integration of the acquired business and realization of planned
synergies. All such acquisitions are supported by integration teams.
Furthermore, in the European Union a new regulation on chemicals (Registration, Evaluation,
Authorization of Chemicals,
reach) was adopted in December 2006 that becomes effective in June
2007. It could trigger a significant increase in administration and in the testing and assessment
of all chemicals used, leading to increased costs and reduced operating margins for some product.
All subgroups launched
reach implementation projects to coordinate the implementation and
avoid/reduce disadvantages for the business.
Product and environmental risks
Bayers operations are subject to the operating risks associated with chemical manufacturing,
including risks relating to the packaging, storage and transportation of raw materials, products
and wastes. These operating risks have the potential to cause personal injury, property damage
and/or environmental contamination, and may result in the shutdown of affected facilities.
Furthermore, the possibility of accidental contamination of our crop protection products or the
presence of unintended trace amounts of genetically modified organisms in agricultural products
and/or foodstuffs cannot be completely excluded.
We address product and environmental risks by way of suitable quality assurance measures. An
integrated quality, health, environmental and safety management system ensures process stability.
In addition, we are committed to the international Responsible Care initiative of the chemical
industry and report regularly on our own safety and environmental management system.
Exchange rate risks
As a global enterprise, Bayer conducts a significant portion of its operations in foreign
currencies. We guard against exchange rate risks by financing our business in local currencies and
by hedging with derivative financial instruments that are employed solely for this purpose in line
with the respective risk assessments and relevant detailed guidelines. For explanations on the use
of derivative financial instruments, see Note [30] to the consolidated financial statements.
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82 Management Report
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Bayer
Annual Report 2006 |
Risk to pension obligations from capital market developments
Plan assets to cover future pension obligations are comprised of equity, fixed-income instruments,
property and other assets. Declining capital returns can have a negative impact on the funding
status of our plans. Therefore, additional contributions to the plans could be necessary in order
to cover future pension obligations. Additionally, changes in demographic or biometric assumptions
(e.g. mortality rates) could also have a negative impact on the funding status. For further
details on underfunding of pensions and other post-retirement benefit obligations, see Note [25]
to the consolidated financial statements.
To minimize this risk we are increasingly offering defined-contribution pension plans to our
employees.
Legal risks
As a global company with a diverse business portfolio, the Bayer Group (including Bayer Schering
Pharma AG, which previously was named Schering AG) is exposed to numerous legal risks,
particularly in the areas of product liability, competition and antitrust law, patent disputes,
tax assessments, and environmental matters. The outcome of any current or future proceedings
cannot be predicted with certainty. It is therefore possible that legal or regulatory judgments
could give rise to expenses that are not covered, or not fully covered, by insurers compensation
payments and could significantly affect our revenues and earnings. (Please note that Bayer
Schering Pharma AG and Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey, are unaffiliated companies that
have been totally independent of each other for many years. The names Bayer Schering Pharma or
Schering as used in this Annual Report always refer to Bayer Schering Pharma, AG, Berlin,
Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, respectively).
Legal proceedings currently considered to involve material risks are outlined below. The
litigation referred to does not necessarily represent an exhaustive list.
Lipobay/Baycol: As of February 12, 2007, the number of Lipobay/Baycol cases pending against
Bayer worldwide was approximately 1,870 (approximately 1,810 of them in the United States,
including several class actions). As of February 12, 2007, Bayer had settled 3,152 Lipobay/Baycol cases worldwide without acknowledging any liability and resulting in settlement payments of
approximately us$ 1,159 million. Bayer will continue to offer fair compensation to people who
experienced serious side effects while taking Lipobay/Baycol, on a voluntary basis and without
concession of liability. In the United States, five cases have been tried to date, all of which
were found in Bayers favor.
After more than five years of litigation we are currently aware of fewer than 20 pending cases in
the United States that in our opinion hold a potential for settlement, although we cannot rule out
the possibility that additional cases involving serious side effects from Lipobay/Baycol may
come to our attention. In addition, there could be further settlements of cases outside of the
United States.
In the fiscal year 2006, Bayer recorded a 35 million charge to the operating result in respect
of settlements already concluded or expected to be concluded and anticipated defense costs.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Management Report 83 |
Risk Report
Since the existing insurance coverage is exhausted, it is possible depending on the future
progress of the litigation that Bayer could face further payments that are not covered by the
accounting measures already taken. We will regularly review the possibility of further accounting
measures depending on the progress of the litigation.
A group of stockholders has filed a class-action lawsuit claiming damages against Bayer AG and
Bayer Corporation and two current and certain former managers. The suit alleges that Bayer
violated u.s. Securities Laws By Making Misleading Statements, Prior To The Withdrawal Of
Lipobay/Baycol From The Market, About The ProductS Commercial Prospects And, After Its
Withdrawal, About The Related Potential Financial Liability. In 2005 The Court Dismissed With
Prejudice The Claims Of Non-u.s. purchasers of Bayer AG stock on non-u.s. exchanges. Bayer
believes it has meritorious defenses and will defend itself vigorously.
Cipro®: 39 putative class action lawsuits, one individual lawsuit and one consumer
protection group lawsuit (which has been dismissed) against Bayer involving the medication
Cipro® have been filed since July 2000 in the United States. The plaintiffs are suing
Bayer and other companies also named as defendants, alleging that a settlement to end patent
litigation reached in 1997 between Bayer and Barr Laboratories, Inc. violated antitrust
regulations. The plaintiffs claim the alleged violation prevented the marketing of generic
ciprofloxacin as of 1997. In particular, they are seeking triple damages under u.s. law. After the
settlement with Barr the patent was the subject of a successful
re-examination by the u.s. Patent
and Trademark Office and of successful defenses in u.s. federal courts. It has since expired.
All the actions pending in federal court were consolidated in federal district court in New York
in a multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding. In 2005 the court had granted Bayers motion for
summary judgment and dismissed all of plaintiffs claims in the mdl proceeding. The plaintiffs are
appealing this decision. Further cases are pending before various state courts. Bayer believes
that it has meritorious defenses and intends to defend itself vigorously.
Rubber, polyester polyols, urethane:
Proceedings involving product lines of the former Rubber Business Group
A number of investigations and proceedings by the respective authorities in the u.s., Canada and
the e.u. concerning alleged anticompetitive conduct involving certain products in the rubber field
have been resolved, while others remain pending. In the United States, Bayer AG has paid fines in
two cases on the basis of agreements reached with the u.s. Department of Justice. In December
2005, the e.u. Commission imposed a fine of 58,9 million for antitrust violations in the area
of rubber chemicals. The respective amount was paid at the end of March 2006. In July and August
2006 the u.s. Department of Justice, the e.u. Commission and the ccb notified Bayer AG that they
had closed the respective epdm proceedings. In November 2006 the e.u. Commission closed the
proceeding related to br/esbr by imposing fines against several companies and granting full
amnesty to Bayer.
Numerous civil claims for damages including class actions are pending in the United States, and
proposed class proceedings in Canada, against Bayer AG and certain of its subsidiaries as well as
other companies. The lawsuits involve rubber chemicals, epdm, nbr and polychloroprene rubber (cr).
Bayer has reached agreement to settle the bulk of
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84 Management Report
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
the u.s. actions. The majority of these agreements have received court approval. These settlements
do not resolve all of the pending civil litigation with respect to the aforementioned products,
nor do they preclude the bringing of additional claims. However, as previously reported, Bayer has
settled the actions which management believes to be material. In addition, a putative class action
against Bayer AG and certain of its subsidiaries, as well as other companies, recently has been
filed alleging claims of anticompetitive activities involving two additional rubber products,
polybutadiene rubber
(br) and styrene butadi-ene rubber (sbr). Respective litigation in Europe is
likely.
Proceedings involving polyester polyols, urethanes and urethane chemicals
In Canada an investigation is pending against Bayer for alleged anticompetitive conduct relating
to adipic-based polyester polyols. In the United States, Bayer Corporation paid a fine on the
basis of an agreement reached with the u.s. Department of Justice in 2004.
A number of civil claims for damages including class actions have been filed in the United States
against Bayer involving allegations of unlawful collusion on prices for certain polyester polyol,
urethanes and urethane chemicals product lines. Similar actions are pending in Canada with respect
to polyester polyols.
Bayer has reached agreements or agreements in principle to settle certain of the u.s. actions.
These agreements or agreements in principle partly remain subject to court approval. These
settlements do not resolve all of the pending civil litigations with respect to the aforementioned
products, nor do they preclude the bringing of additional claims.
Proceedings involving polyether polyols and other precursors for urethane end-use products
Bayer has been named as a defendant in multiple putative class action lawsuits in the United
States and Canada involving allegations of price fixing for, inter alia, polyether polyols and
certain other precursors for urethane end-use products. In the United States Bayer has settled
with a class of direct purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related systems)
representing approximately 75 percent of the direct purchasers, which settlement has been approved
by the court. The remaining direct purchasers opted out of this settlement and have the right to
bring their own actions. To date no such actions have been brought. In Canada, the class action
lawsuit on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related
systems) continues. In February 2006 Bayer was served with a subpoena from the u.s. Department of
Justice seeking information relating to the manufacture and sale of this product.
Impact of these antitrust proceedings on Bayer
Excluding the portion allocated to lanxess, the provisions with respect to the described civil
proceedings were reduced from 285 million in 2005 to 129 million as of December 31, 2006,
due to settlement payments.
Bayer will continue to pursue settlements that in its view are warranted. In cases where
settlement is not achievable, Bayer will continue to defend itself vigorously.
The financial risk associated with the proceedings described above, beyond the amounts already
paid and the financial provisions already established, is currently not quantifiable due to the
considerable uncertainty associated with these proceedings. Consequently, no provisions other than
those described above have been established. The company expects that, in the course of the
regulatory proceedings and civil damages suits, additional charges, which are currently not
quantifiable, will become necessary.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Management Report 85 |
Risk Report
Proceedings involving genetically modified rice
Since August 2006, Bayer CropScience lp is party to multiple lawsuits, including putative class
actions, filed in u.s. federal and state courts by rice farmers and resellers. Plaintiffs allege
that they have suffered economic losses after traces of the genetically modified rice event llrice
601 were identified in samples of conventional long-grain rice grown in the u.s. This is alleged
to have led to various commercial damages, including a decline in the commodity price for
long-grain rice, costs associated with restrictions on imports and exports, and costs to secure
alternative supplies. All the actions pending in federal court were consolidated in December in
federal district court in Missouri in a multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding.
After technological development, llrice 601 had been further tested in cooperation with third
parties, including a breeding research institute in the u.s. However, it was never selected for
commercialization. The u.s. Department of Agriculture and the u.s. Food and Drug Administration
have stated that llrice 601 does not pose a health risk and is safe for use in food and feed and
for the environment. In November 2006, the usda advised that it had deregulated llrice 601. The
usda is conducting an investigation in an effort to determine how llrice 601 became present in
commercial rice grown in the United States.
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously.
Due to the considerable uncertainty associated with these proceedings, it is currently not
possible to estimate potential liability.
Proceedings involving oral contraceptives
Yasmin®: In April 2005, Bayer Schering Pharma filed an anda iv suit against Barr
Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Barr Laboratories Inc. in u.s. federal court alleging patent infringement
by Barr for the intended generic version of Bayer Schering Pharmas Yasmin® oral
contraceptive product in the United States. In June 2005 Barr filed its counterclaim seeking to
invalidate Bayer Schering Pharmas patent. This lawsuit is currently in the discovery phase.
yaz®: In January 2007, Bayer Schering Pharma received notice from Barr Laboratories,
Inc. that it has filed an anda iv application with the u.s. fda seeking approval of a generic
version of Bayer Schering Pharmas yaz® oral contraceptive product. Barr will be
prohibited from marketing its generic version until after expiry in March 2009 of the exclusivity
period for marketing granted by fda.
Bayer highly values its Yasmin® and yaz® oral contraceptive products and is
deeply committed to continuing its leadership position in oral contraception.
Proceedings involving propylene oxide
In May 2006 a u.s. arbitration panel issued a final award in favor of Lyondell Chemical Co. in
respect of a dispute with Bayer over interpretation of their Joint Venture Agreement for the
manufacture of propylene oxide. Bayer is seeking to vacate the final award, while Lyondell is
seeking to confirm the award as well as obtain pre-award interest. Bayer has established
appropriate provisions in this regard.
In addition to seeking to vacate the final award, in January 2007 Bayer filed suit against
Lyondell in a u.s. court of justice seeking equitable reformation of an agreement and restitution
of certain monies paid or, as a result of the final award, allegedly owing by Bayer to Lyondell in
connection with the panel award.
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Bayer has
separately notified Lyondell of its claim in connection with Lyondells affiliate to
compensate Bayer for using certain quantities of propylene oxide from Bayers share of capacity
under the Joint Venture. This dispute is proceeding to binding arbitration.
Proceedings involving syringe injectors and related products
In November 1998, Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its parent, Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed suit against
Bayer Schering Pharma AGs Medrad subsidiary alleging that some of Medrads front load syringe
injections infringe four patents held by Liebel-Flarsheim. In October 2005, the court ruled in
favor of Medrad. The ruling stated that the Medrad products would have infringed the patents of
Liebel-Flarsheim if those patents were valid, but then held all four of those patents to be
invalid. Each party is appealing the material portions of the ruling unfavorable to it. In
September 2004 Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its parent, Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed a second suit
alleging that a further product of Medrad infringes the same group of four patents. Based on the
October 2005 decision in the first case the court also dismissed this case in October 2005, but
again each party appealed the material portions of the ruling unfavorable to it.
The plaintiffs in these cases have also filed two additional declaratory judgment actions against
Medrad. Medrad separately has brought suit against Liebel-Flarsheim alleging that a
Liebel-Flarsheim mr syringe injector infringes a patent held by Medrad.
Bayer believes it has meritorious arguments in all proceedings and intends to defend itself
vigorously against any claim raised.
Patent and contractual disputes:
In the u.s. Abbott has commenced a lawsuit against Bayer and another party alleging infringement
of two of Abbotts patents relating to blood glucose monitoring devices. This also relates to
Ascensia® Contour® Systems which are supplied by a Japanese manufacturer.
The manufacturer is contractually obligated to indemnify Bayer against the potential liability
with respect to this claim, as well as defense costs, and management expects Bayer to be
reimbursed for a substantial portion of all such costs and liability, if any.
Limagrain Genetics Corporation has filed suit against Bayer as legal successor to Rhône-Poulenc
for indemnity against liabilities to third parties arising from breach of contract.
In another dispute, Bayer has filed suit against several companies in the u.s. alleging patent
infringement in connection with moxifloxacin. These companies are defending the action, claiming,
among other things, that the patents are invalid and not enforceable.
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these patent and contractual disputes and will
defend itself vigorously.
Product liability and other litigation:
Legal risks also arise from product liability lawsuits other than those concerning Lipobay/
Baycol. Numerous actions are pending against Bayer seeking damages for plaintiffs resident outside
of the United States who claim to have been become infected with hiv or hcy (hepatitis c virus)
through blood plasma products. Further actions have been filed by u.s. residents who claim to have
become infected with hcv.
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Management Report 87 |
Risk Report
Bayer, together with other manufacturers, wholesalers and users, is a defendant in Alabama,
United States, in cases seeking damages, including one u.s.-wide putative class action, for
personal injuries alleging health damages through exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (mdi)
used in coal mines.
Bayer, like a number of other pharmaceutical companies in the United States, has several lawsuits
pending against it in which plaintiffs, including states, are seeking damages, punitive damages
and/or disgorgement of profits, alleging manipulation in the reporting of wholesale prices and/or
best prices.
The shareholder resolution on the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement between Bayer
Schering Pharma AG and Bayer Schering GmbH passed at the Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting held
on September 13, 2006 is subject to legal challenges. Dissenting stockholders are seeking to have
the stockholder resolution set aside or to have it declared null and void. Several stockholders
have indicated proceedings asking the court to review the adequacy of the costs compensation (Abfindung) and of the guaranteed dividend (Ausgleich). Bayer Schering GmbH has commenced special
proceedings (Freigabeverfahren) to obtain a judgment that the stockholder actions do not prevent
registration of the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement and that any defects of the
stockholder resolution do not affect the validity of the registration. One stockholder has brought
a suit in Berlin, Germany, seeking to have registration of the agreement in the Commercial
Register removed (Amtslöschungsverfahren).
A further risk may arise from asbestos litigation in the United States. In the majority of these
cases, the plaintiffs allege that Bayer and co-defendants employed third parties on their sites in
past decades without providing them with sufficient warnings or protection against the known
dangers of asbestos. One Bayer affiliate in the United States is the legal successor to companies
that sold asbestos products until 1976. Should liability be established, Union Carbide has to
completely indemnify Bayer.
Bayer, among others, is named as a defendant in a putative nationwide class action pending in
federal court in North Carolina, United States, which alleges violations of antitrust laws in the
marketing of a certain pest control product (Premise®).
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these product liability and other proceedings and
will defend itself vigorously.
Liability considerations following the lanxess spin-off
The liability situation following the spin-off of the lanxess subgroup is governed by both
statutory and contractual provisions. Under the German Transformation Act, all entities that are
parties to a spin-off are jointly and severally liable for obligations of the transferor entity
that are established prior to the spin-off date. Bayer AG and lanxess AG are thus jointly and
severally liable for a time period of 5 years for all obligations of Bayer AG that existed on
January 28, 2005.
Assessment of the overall risk situation
Compared to the previous year, the overall risk situation did not change significantly in the
reporting period. The overall risk assessment is based on a consolidated view of all significant
individual risks. At present, no indications of potential individual or aggregated risks have been
identified that individually or in combination could endanger the continued existence of the
company.
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Subsequent Events
The divestment of Bayers diagnostics business to Siemens for 4.3 billion, which was
agreed in June 2006, was completed in January 2007. This amount exceeds the purchase price of
4.2 billion announced in July 2006, mainly because of the transfer of higher working capital.
After taxes the divestiture proceeds amounted to about 3.6 billion, which was used to reduce
our financial debt.
The Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting of Bayer Schering Pharma AG resolved on January 17, 2007,
to effect a squeeze-out of the remaining minority stockholders. 99.62 percent of the votes cast
were in favor of the resolution. The decision means the shares still held by minority stockholders
will be transferred to the main stockholder, Bayer Schering GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Bayer AG, in return for cash compensation of 98.98 per share. Unaffiliated dissenting
shareholders have brought court actions to have the shareholder resolution set aside or to have it
declared null and void.
We sold H.C. Starck to Advent International and The Carlyle Group. With the closing on February 1,
2007, the two financial investors take control of the Goslar, Germany-based producer of metal and
ceramic powders, specialty chemicals and components made from engineering ceramics and refractory
metals. The antitrust authorities in the United States and the European Union approved the agreed
divestiture on November 23, 2006. The transaction volume amounts to roughly 1.2 billion.
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Management Report 89 |
Future Perspectives
Economic outlook and market opportunities in 2007
For 2007 we expect the global economy to grow at a rate that is considerably faster than the
long-term average, although the pace of growth will most likely slow down somewhat at a high
level. In our opinion, however, the economic slowdown in the United States will only have a
moderate effect on the global economy, as robust growth in other regions such as Europe and the
emerging economies of Asia and Latin America is expected to compensate for the weakness in the
United States. Although we anticipate that the global economy will maintain its current momentum,
risks could result from continuing imbalances in the world economy. It is also very difficult to
predict the development of oil prices.
The economic indicators in the United States point to a decline in the pace of growth. We expect
the economy there to expand only at a rate comparable to that of the European Union, as growth is
likely to be increasingly checked by a more restrictive monetary policy. We anticipate that the
u.s. economy will regain momentum in the second half of the year following a temporary period of
weakness at the beginning of 2007. Nonetheless, we do see a risk that a progressing cooldown in
real estate price trends could have a stronger impact on domestic demand than expected.
In our opinion, the economic upswing in Europe will continue. The business climate indicators
point to ongoing robust growth in the euro zone, due particularly to the fact that the economy is
now being buoyed more strongly by domestic demand. Private consumption will most likely continue
to grow briskly if the labor market situation improves further. Investment activity should remain
strong thanks to stable corporate earnings and improvements in efficiency. We expect that the
robust economic growth worldwide will continue to sustain European exports. Despite these positive
signals, however, we are not overlooking the latent risk that the upswing in the euro zone could
lose momentum due to a more restrictive fiscal policy in some countries and growing appreciation
in the value of the euro. Furthermore, the stimulating effect of monetary policy is likely to
gradually abate. Last but not least, an unexpectedly strong downswing in the u.s. economy could
pose an increasing risk to growth in Europe.
We expect growth in Japan to be slightly lower compared to the previous year due to a less
expansive fiscal and monetary policy. Export growth is expected to weaken somewhat in view of the
anticipated economic downswing in Asia and the United States. Provided capacity utilization
remains high, capital spending should remain the driving force for economic expansion, with the
result that domestic demand will most likely gain in significance. Consumer demand should increase
palpably as a result of rising real wage levels. On balance, economic growth is expected to fall
just short of the pace seen in the past two years.
Many of the emerging economies in Asia are expected to be impacted to some extent by the slowdown
in u.s. imports. In view of the considerable pace of growth in these countries in recent years,
however, it is not believed that the temporary slowdown in exports will have a major effect on
economic expansion. We continue to regard the growth outlook as very positive, especially
considering that the economy will most likely be buoyed
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by a sustained expansion of domestic demand. The Chinese economy, on the other hand, will probably
grow at a pace similar to that of the previous year. We anticipate that robust consumer demand and
strong gains in investment activity will more or less offset the expected decline in foreign
demand. However, surplus capacities in some economic sectors could pose risks to the Chinese
economy.
We expect economic development in Latin America to remain positive, although the pace of expansion
could decline slightly should raw material prices fall and export demand from the United States
decrease. Once again, there appear to be varying development trends in this region. Whereas the
Brazilian economy is expected to recover slightly, the upswing in Mexico is believed to have
peaked in 2006. However, there is concern about political events in some countries particularly
Venezuela and Bolivia which could jeopardize the regions development over the long term.
For 2007 we do not expect a major change in the performance of the pharmaceuticals market compared
to the prior year. In North America and Europe, specialties such as cancer drugs will spur further
growth. However, this will probably not be sufficient to ensure a sustained improvement in the
pace of growth in Europe due to planned governmental cost-containment measures. By contrast,
continued double-digit sales growth is anticipated in emerging markets such as South Korea,
Brazil, Turkey and Russia.
The global crop protection market is expected to expand slightly in 2007. We are optimistic about
the trend in this market because demand for plant-based raw materials such as corn, canola,
soybeans and cereals has increased sharply due to the drought-related poor harvest yields in 2006
and to strongly growing raw material requirements for bio-diesel and bioethanol production. As a
result, the agriculture industry is expected to need larger amounts of fertilizers and crop
protection products. In the future we anticipate growing demand for plants that can be used to
produce energy.
We again expect a positive trend across the MaterialScience market sectors in 2007, although the
extent of this trend will vary from region to region.
In the automotive sector, we are optimistic about a recovery in the United States in 2007, while
the downswing in western Europe and Japan will continue. As a considerable production increase is
expected in the other major countries and regions, however, this industry sector will most likely
perform robustly once again, albeit below the long-term trend.
In the construction industry, a downswing appears to be materializing for 2007 in the United
States. We anticipate a further decline in residential construction over the course of the year,
while non-residential construction should continue to increase. In our estimation, the remaining
regions of the world will post moderate to very positive growth rates as in the previous year.
A slight downswing is anticipated for the electrical and electronics sector in 2007, triggered by
stagnation in the United States. In connection with a continuing positive situation in the other
regions, satisfactory growth at a rate of double the expansion in the gross domestic product is
expected.
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Management Report 91 |
Future Perspective
Business strategy
The Bayer Group is focusing on the fast-growing, innovation-driven health care, nutrition and
high-tech materials businesses in line with its mission statement: Bayer: Science For A Better
Life. By strategically aligning ourselves to these attractive markets and concentrating on our
core competencies, we are able to invest more intensively in growth areas and innovative
technologies. We aim to achieve leadership roles and expand our already strong market positions.
We will also press ahead with cost-containment and efficiency-improvement efforts in order to
further increase the companys value over the long term. For a detailed description of our
financial strategy, please consult the Liquidity and Capital Resources section on page 49 ff.
Bayer HealthCare
Bayer HealthCares goal is to match or exceed market growth in all divisions. Our biggest
HealthCare segment, Pharmaceuticals, comprises both Specialty Care and Primary Care activities. We
aim to position our Pharmaceuticals segment as a strong supplier of products for medical
specialists, while at the same time taking advantage of opportunities in the primary care
business. We also want to focus more closely on indications in which there is major potential for
improving diagnosis and therapy.
The takeover of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, in 2006 and the establishment of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG were key steps in this direction. Our promising Specialty Care portfolio including
Kogenate® for hemophilia treatment and Nexavar® for therapy of renal cell
carcinoma was considerably expanded and strengthened by the addition of leading products in the fields of gynecology (Yasmin®), diagnostic imaging (Magnevist®) and the
treatment of multiple sclerosis (Betaferon®).
Our Primary Care business offers products for general practitioners. We are well represented in
the primary care market with our established brands Avalox®/Avelox®,
Levitra®, Adalat®, Glucobay® and
Ciprobay®/Cipro®. In the United States, our products are marketed through
the existing alliance with Schering-Plough. (Please note that Schering-Plough Corporation, New
Jersey, and the company acquired by Bayer in June 2006, i. e. Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly
named Schering AG), Berlin, Germany, are unaffiliated companies that have been totally
independent of each other for many years.) The purchase from GlaxoSmithKline of marketing rights
for the blood pressure medications Pritor® and PritorPlus® in certain
European countries further strengthens our Primary Care business.
Research and development is an important growth driver for our Pharmaceuticals business, which is
why this segment accounts for the biggest proportion of
r&d spending within the HealthCare
subgroup. Life cycle management, inlicensing and cooperation agreements remain important elements
of our strategy, as such business development activities supplement our own research efforts and
are designed to strengthen our portfolio.
Our Consumer Health segment is comprised of the Consumer Care, Diabetes Care and Animal Health
divisions.
The goal of our Consumer Care Division is to expand our leading position in the global
over-the-counter (otc) medicines market. Our strategy is primarily aimed at fully exhausting the
growth potential of our proven brands such as Alka-Seltzer®, Aspirin®,
Aleve®, Rennie®, One-A-Day®, Canesten® and
Bepanthen®. We are pursuing a clear course of
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expansion in fast-growing regions such as eastern Europe and Asia/Pacific, and we aim to further
develop our business in new growth segments. We also intend to exploit external growth
opportunities through acquisitions and inlicensing. One example of this is the planned acquisition
of the otc cough and cold portfolio of the Chinese TopSun group, a transaction we expect to be
closed in 2007.
Our Diabetes Care Division aims to enhance its competitive position in the area of blood glucose
measurement and diabetes management. To this end, we are expanding our product range by developing
new measurement systems and test strips to facilitate even more user-friendly blood sugar
monitoring for diabetics. We also aim to expand our portfolio by investing in additional areas of
business. We intend to enhance our competitiveness by continuously improving our products, as well
as through cost-containment measures and the more efficient use of our resources. Our strategy
also includes supplementing our own strengths through strategic partnerships in specific fields of
expertise.
In the Animal Health Division we aim to achieve global leadership positions in the livestock and
companion animals markets and become a preferred supplier and partner. Our strategy is directed at
achieving organic growth by focusing on attractive countries and markets, as well as through the
successful life cycle management of existing core brands. Animal Health regularly evaluates
options for acquisitions or strategic alliances to supplement our existing product range.
Bayer CropScience
Our CropScience subgroup is active in a very dynamic and challenging market environment. As a
research-based company, we see good long-term perspectives for the agriculture sector. Over the
next ten years, we expect further market stimulation driven particularly by the introduction of
modern, innovative crop protection products and the growing trend toward the use of commercial
seed products. We believe that both the seed and crop protection markets can benefit from stronger
demand for agricultural products for use in biofuels.
As a leading innovation-driven supplier of products and integrated solutions, CropScience aims to
contribute to the production of high-quality food, feed and natural fiber products with its Crop
Protection, Environmental Science and BioScience business groups. We seek to develop mutually
beneficial, long-lasting and dependable partnerships with our customers and all other interest
groups. We manage our business responsibly in keeping with our commitment to sustainable
development and in order to achieve profitable long-term growth.
Innovation is the foundation for the further development of our enterprise. The introduction of
new active substances replaces older crop protection products and thus gives us the opportunity to
place innovative products with an improved performance spectrum and
higher
value-added on the
market. This is an important condition for achieving our profitability goals. Our strict cost
management makes a further significant contribution. Through our new cost structure initiative
which should be largely implemented by 2009 and our ongoing performance enhancement programs, we
aim to make Bayer Crop-Science even more efficient in all areas.
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Management Report 93 |
Future Perspective
In the Crop Protection segment, Bayer CropScience aims to defend its leading market position
through a broad regional presence and a balanced portfolio of innovative and highly effective
insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and seed treatment products.
We endeavor to achieve this strategic goal by steadily improving our product mix. This includes
the continuous market launch of new products from our research and development pipeline,
successful life cycle management and the initiation of research in new growth fields.
The Environmental Science, BioScience segment completes the offering of Bayer Crop-Science with
products and solutions tailored to specific market needs. Environmental Science makes use of the
development and production capacities and the new active substance innovations of Crop Protection.
In terms of sales, Environmental Science is one of the worlds leading suppliers of
non-agricultural products based on crop protection active ingredients. Our strategy is to further
expand this position by developing and marketing high-quality products for private and
professional users and by offering tailor-made, customer-oriented innovations. BioScience benefits
from the customer base and biological expertise of Crop Protection, bringing to market new seeds
and products based on plant biotechnology and modern breeding methods. Through the combination of
seed, plant traits and crop protection products, we strive to offer farmers integrated solutions.
BioScience is internationally active in research, development and marketing. Its activities cover
three main areas. In the agricultural seed business we focus on our three core crops of cotton,
canola and rice. We help to improve the performance and quality of these crops using modern plant
breeding and innovative plant biotechnology-based solutions. Our New Business Ventures unit
develops novel uses for plants as the basis for producing materials for industrial and consumer
applications. In the vegetable seed business, our subsidiary Nunhems is a leading developer and
supplier of high-quality seeds. We are pursuing additional growth opportunities in all three areas
of BioScience.
Bayer MaterialScience
The Bayer MaterialScience subgroup aims to further expand its global market position. Here we are
relying in particular on our technological know-how, new applications for our products in the
Materials and Systems segments and the targeted expansion of our presence in the growth markets of
Asia.
We intend to further strengthen the world market position of our Materials segment by exploiting
the growth potential of our portfolio. Recently completed new capital expenditure projects in Asia
underscore our determination to expand our business activities in what is the worlds fastest
growing region. We continue to seek opportunities to strengthen our position in the Materials
segment, and we intend to enhance this segments performance by continuously improving our cost
structures and by increasing the efficiency of our research and development operations.
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The commissioning of the first phase of our world-scale production facility in Asia will help
improve the cost efficiency of our Polycarbonates business unit
(pcs) and facilitate the use of
leading-edge technologies in this growth region. We aim to further expand our capacities in order
to meet the growing demand for polycarbonates. Furthermore, we intend to make available sufficient
resources for product and applications development in growth areas. In addition to our current
expansion course in China, we aim to constantly evaluate business potential in other regions with
a view to expanding our market coverage. We plan to strengthen our compounding business through
geographic expansion. In the case of semi-finished products such as polycarbonate sheet and film,
we are aiming to achieve a higher earnings margin and are therefore placing products with good
growth perspectives at the center of our strategy.
Thermoplastic
Polyurethanes (tpu) will continue to focus on high-margin, fast-growing products in
the future. Through this new alignment,
tpu aims to achieve and maintain a higher level of
profitability. With the acquisition of the Taiwan-based Ure-Tech Group, which is scheduled for
closing in the second quarter of 2007,
tpu hopes to capture additional market share in Asia.
We intend to further strengthen the world market position of our Systems segment by exploiting the
growth potential of our portfolio. Recently completed new capital expenditure projects in Asia
underscore our determination to expand our business activities in what is the worlds fastest
growing region. We continue to seek opportunities to strengthen our market position in the Systems
segment, and we intend to enhance this segments performance by continuously improving our cost
structures and by increasing the efficiency of our research and development operations.
The commissioning of the first phase of our world-scale production facility in Asia will help
improve the cost efficiency of our Polyurethanes business unit (pur) and facilitate the use of
leading-edge technologies in this growth region. We are focusing primarily on quality, as well as
on product and process innovation, in order to capture further market share in the fast-growing
Asian markets. We intend to cover increasing demand for mdi products through a further expansion
of our capacities. In some segments, portfolio management activities are planned to achieve a
shift toward higher value products and thus improved profitability.
The Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit is seeking to defend its market position for Basic
and Modified Isocyanates (bmi). We intend to meet increasing demand in the growth regions through
the expansion of our production capacities. By concentrating more
closely on
high-margin products,
optimizing our portfolio and increasing the use of modern technologies, we aim to achieve higher
profitability in our resins activities.
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Management Report 95 |
Future Perspective
Inorganic Basic Chemicals utilizes state-of-the-art technologies to produce raw materials such
as chlorine and sodium hydroxide for the Polyurethanes, Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, and
Polycarbonates business units, as well as for external customers. In order to achieve the highest
possible level of cost efficiency and safeguard continuous supply, we are pursuing various
strategic options for the in-house production or external procurement of such raw materials,
depending on the specific circumstances at our production sites.
The New Business section identifies and evaluates market and technology trends for all
MaterialScience business units and converts business ideas into specific projects for the
development of new products and applications outside of the companys existing core business.
Bayer Group sales and earnings forecast
We further
improved the Bayer Groups earning power in 2006. With record highs for underlying ebit
and ebitda, an underlying ebitda margin of 19.3 percent (calculated on Group sales) and currency-
and portfolio-adjusted sales growth of 5.2 percent, we achieved our operational targets for 2006.
We are confident that by building on this foundation we can continue to enhance our operating
performance.
In 2007, we aim to boost Group sales by more than 10 percent. Adjusted for portfolio and currency
effects, business should expand by about 5 percent. We plan to increase underlying ebitda by more
than 10 percent as well, and also slightly improve our underlying ebitda margin.
We expect to incur special charges in the region of 650 million to 700 million for the
integration of Schering AG, and between 150 million and 200 million for the restructuring
project initiated at CropScience in summer 2006. Special charges for the Group as a whole are
likely to come in at between 900 million and 950 million, including some 200 million
in write-downs.
To safeguard growth, we are planning capital expenditures of 1.7 billion, including 1.6
billion for property, plant and equipment. We anticipate that depreciation and amortization will
total roughly 2.5 billion, with depreciation of property, plant and equipment accounting for
1.2 billion. We plan to spend 2.8 billion on research and development.
By 2009 we aim to achieve an underlying ebitda Margin of approximately 22 percent, provided the
market environment for our businesses remains positive and there is no major deviation from our
central planning assumptions, such as budgeted exchange rates. This would move Bayers
profitability into a new order of magnitude.
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Subgroups sales and earnings forecasts
Bayer HealthCare
In 2007 we intend to grow with or faster than the market in all divisions and improve the
underlying ebitda margin toward 24 percent. We are also very confident about the performance of our
HealthCare business beyond 2007. We believe we can steadily improve the underlying ebitda margin
and have set a target of about 27 percent for 2009. Contributing to this will be business
expansion along with the synergies from the Schering AG integration.
Bayer CropScience
We currently predict a broadly favorable market environment for our CropScience business in 2007,
although it remains to be seen how market conditions will develop in the various regions.
We aim to strengthen our role as a leading innovator in chemical crop protection and thus to grow
slightly faster than the market. We aim to further improve our underlying ebitda margin from 21.1
percent in 2006 toward 22 percent, mainly with the help of cost-saving measures and with increased
contributions from our new products.
We plan to further improve the underlying ebitda margin through 2009 and believe we can achieve in
the region of 25 percent in a normal market environment.
Bayer MaterialScience
MaterialScience plans further volume increases in 2007. We predict a strong start to the new year,
with a first-quarter underlying ebitda margin significantly above the fourth quarter of 2006. For
2007 we expect to sustain a good, value-creating earnings level. Reliable longer-term forecasts
currently are not possible due to the high volatility of raw material prices.
With its enhanced business portfolio and competitive production structures, we believe
MaterialScience can create value even in a difficult market environment by earning an attractive
premium over its capital and asset reproduction costs. Under favorable economic conditions, we
plan to generate an underlying ebitda margin in excess of 18 percent.
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Consolidated Financial Statements 97 |
Consolidated Financial Statements
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Consolidated Financial Statements |
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Managements Statement of Responsibility for Financial Reporting |
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98 |
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Auditors Report |
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99 |
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Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Income |
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100 |
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Bayer Group Consolidated Balance Sheets |
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101 |
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Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
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102 |
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Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Recognized Income and Expense |
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103 |
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group |
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1. |
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Key data by segment and region |
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104 |
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2. |
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General information |
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106 |
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3. |
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Effects of new accounting pronouncements |
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107 |
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4. |
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Basic principles of the consolidated financial statements |
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109 |
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4.1 |
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Scope of consolidation and
consolidation methods |
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109 |
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4.2 |
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Foreign currency translation |
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110 |
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4.3 |
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Basic recognition and valuation
principles |
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110 |
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4.4 |
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Cash flow statement |
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117 |
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4.5 |
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Procedure used in global
impairment testing and its impact |
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118 |
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5. |
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Critical accounting policies |
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119 |
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6. |
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Segment reporting |
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129 |
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7. |
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Changes in the Bayer Group |
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131 |
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7.1 |
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Scope of consolidation |
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131 |
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7.2 |
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Business combinations and other
acquisitions, divestments and discontinued operations |
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134 |
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|
|
|
Notes to the Statements of Income |
|
|
|
|
|
8. |
|
Net sales |
|
|
142 |
|
|
9. |
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
142 |
|
|
10. |
|
Other operating income |
|
|
143 |
|
|
11. |
|
Other operating expenses |
|
|
143 |
|
|
12. |
|
Personnel expenses / employees |
|
|
144 |
|
|
13. |
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
144 |
|
|
13.1 |
|
Income (loss) from investments
in affiliated companies net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
13.2 |
|
Interest expense net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
13.3 |
|
Other non-operating expense
net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
14. |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
146 |
|
|
15. |
|
Income attributable to minority interest |
|
|
148 |
|
|
16. |
|
Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to the Balance Sheets |
|
|
|
|
|
17. |
|
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
|
|
150 |
|
|
18. |
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
153 |
|
|
19. |
|
Investments in associates |
|
|
154 |
|
|
20. |
|
Other financial assets |
|
|
156 |
|
|
21. |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
157 |
|
|
22. |
|
Inventories |
|
|
158 |
|
|
23. |
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
159 |
|
|
24. |
|
Changes in stockholders equity |
|
|
159 |
|
|
25. |
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits |
|
|
163 |
|
|
26. |
|
Other provisions |
|
|
173 |
|
|
26.1 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
174 |
|
|
26.2 |
|
Environmental protection |
|
|
177 |
|
|
26.3 |
|
Restructuring charges |
|
|
178 |
|
|
27. |
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
181 |
|
|
28. |
|
Trade accounts payable |
|
|
184 |
|
|
29. |
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
184 |
|
|
30. |
|
Financial instruments |
|
|
185 |
|
|
30.1 |
|
Management of financial and
commodity price risks |
|
|
185 |
|
|
30.2 |
|
Primary financial instruments |
|
|
186 |
|
|
30.3 |
|
Economic hedges and hedge
accounting with derivative financial instruments |
|
|
186 |
|
|
31. |
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|
|
188 |
|
|
32. |
|
Legal risks |
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to the Statements of Cash Flows |
|
|
|
|
|
33. |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |
|
|
196 |
|
|
34. |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
|
|
196 |
|
|
35. |
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
|
197 |
|
|
36. |
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other information |
|
|
|
|
|
37. |
|
Audit fees |
|
|
198 |
|
|
38. |
|
Related parties |
|
|
198 |
|
|
39. |
|
Total remuneration of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board and loans |
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98 Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Managements Statement of Responsibility for
Financial Reporting
The consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group have been prepared by the management,
which is responsible for the substance and objectivity of the information contained therein. The
same applies to the management report, which is consistent with the financial statements.
Our financial reporting takes place according to the rules issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board, London.
Effective internal monitoring procedures instituted by Group management at the consolidated
companies along with appropriate staff training ensure the propriety of our reporting and its
compliance with legal provisions. Integrity and social responsibility form the basis of our
corporate principles and of their application in areas such as environmental protection, quality,
product safety, plant safety and adherence to local laws and regulations. The worldwide
implementation of these principles and the reliability and effectiveness of the monitoring
procedures are continuously verified by our Corporate Auditing Department.
These measures in conjunction with a uniform reporting system throughout the Group ensure that
Group companies present the management with an accurate view of their business operations,
enabling us to discern risks to our assets or fluctuations in the economic performances of Group
companies at an early stage and at the same time providing a reliable basis for the consolidated
financial statements and management report.
The Board of Management conducts the business of the Group in the interests of the stockholders
and in awareness of its responsibilities toward employees, communities and the environment in all
the countries in which we operate. Our declared aim is to deploy the resources entrusted to us in
order to increase the value of the Bayer Group as a whole.
In accordance with the resolution of the Annual Stockholders Meeting, the Supervisory Board
appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers Aktiengesellschaft Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft as the
independent auditor of the consolidated financial statements and of the statements compliance
with the International Financial Reporting Standards. The scope of the auditors report, which
appears on the following page, also includes Bayers risk management system, audited in light of
the German Law on Corporate Supervision and Transparency. The consolidated financial statements,
the management report and the auditors report were discussed in detail, in the presence of the
auditor, by the Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board and at a plenary meeting of the
Supervisory Board. The Report of the Supervisory Board appears on page 10 ff of this Annual
Report.
The Board of Management
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements 99 |
Auditors Report
We have audited the consolidated financial statements prepared by Bayer
Aktiengesell-schaft, Leverkusen, comprising the income statement, the balance
sheet, cash flow statement, statement of recognized income and expenses and the
notes to the consolidated financial statements, together with the group management
report for the business year from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The
preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the group management
report in accordance with the ifrs, as adopted by the e.u., and the additional
requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § (Article) 315a Abs. (paragraph)
1 hgb (Handelsgesetzbuch: German Commercial Code) are the responsibility of the
parent Companys Board of Management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the consolidated financial statements and on the group management report based
on our audit.
We conducted our audit of the consolidated financial statements in accordance
with § 317 hgb and German generally accepted standards for the audit of financial
statements promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (Institute of Public
Auditors in Germany) (idw) and additionally observed the International Standards
on Auditing (isa). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit such
that misstatements materially affecting the presentation of the net assets, financial position and results of operations in the consolidated financial
statements in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework and in
the group management report are detected with reasonable assurance. Knowledge of
the business activities and the economic and legal environment of the Group and
expectations as to possible misstatements are taken into account in the
determination of audit procedures. The effectiveness of the accounting-related
internal control system and the evidence supporting the disclosures in the
consolidated financial statements and the group management report are examined
primarily on a test basis within the framework of the audit. The audit includes
assessing the annual financial statements of those entities included in
consolidation, the determination of the entities to be included in consolidation,
the accounting and consolidation principles used and significant estimates made
by the Companys Board of Management, as well as evaluating the overall
presentation of the consolidated financial statements and the group management
report. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Our audit has not led to any reservations.
In our opinion based on the findings of our audit the consolidated financial
statements comply with the
ifrs as adopted by the
e.u., the additional
requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § 315a Abs. 1 hgb and give a
true and fair view of the net assets, financial position and results of
operations of the Group in accordance with these requirements. The group
management report is consistent with the consolidated financial statements and as
a whole provides a suitable view of the Groups position and suitably presents the
opportunities and risks of future development.
Essen, March 8, 2007
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Aktiengesellschaft
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
|
|
|
(P. Albrecht)
|
|
(V. Linke) |
Wirtschaftsprüfer
|
|
Wirtschaftsprüfer |
|
|
|
100 Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
[8] |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(13,412 |
) |
|
|
(15,275 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,289 |
|
|
|
13,681 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
[9] |
|
|
|
(5,247 |
) |
|
|
(6,534 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,729 |
) |
|
|
(2,297 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General administration expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,307 |
) |
|
|
(1,599 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income |
|
|
[10] |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating expenses |
|
|
[11] |
|
|
|
(1,267 |
) |
|
|
(1,219 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result [EBIT] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method loss |
|
|
[13.1] |
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,224 |
) |
|
|
(1,688 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
[13] |
|
|
|
(602 |
) |
|
|
(782 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
[14] |
|
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations after taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,374 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations after taxes |
|
|
[7.2] |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which attributable to minority interest |
|
|
[15] |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to Bayer AG stockholders (net income) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share () |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From continuing operations |
|
|
[16] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.88 |
|
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.88 |
|
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
[16] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
The ordinary shares to be issued upon conversion of the mandatory convertible bond are treated as
already issued shares. |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements 101 |
Bayer Group Consolidated Balance Sheets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
|
Dec.
31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
[17] |
|
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
8,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets |
|
|
[17] |
|
|
|
5,065 |
|
|
|
15,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
[18] |
|
|
|
8,321 |
|
|
|
8,867 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in associates |
|
|
[19] |
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial assets |
|
|
[20] |
|
|
|
1,429 |
|
|
|
1,094 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other receivables |
|
|
[21] |
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
[14] |
|
|
|
1,698 |
|
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,130 |
|
|
|
35,897 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
[22] |
|
|
|
5,504 |
|
|
|
6,153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
[23] |
|
|
|
5,204 |
|
|
|
5,802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial assets |
|
|
[20] |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other receivables |
|
|
[21] |
|
|
|
1,421 |
|
|
|
1,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Claims for tax refunds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
581 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
[36] |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
2,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations |
|
|
[7.2] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
19,994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
[24] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital stock of Bayer AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital reserves of Bayer AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,942 |
|
|
|
4,028 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,265 |
|
|
|
6,782 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,077 |
|
|
|
12,767 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity attributable to minority interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11,157 |
|
|
|
12,851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits |
|
|
[25] |
|
|
|
7,174 |
|
|
|
6,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
[26] |
|
|
|
1,340 |
|
|
|
1,464 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
[27] |
|
|
|
7,185 |
|
|
|
14,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
[29] |
|
|
|
516 |
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
[14] |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
4,346 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,495 |
|
|
|
27,525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
[26] |
|
|
|
3,009 |
|
|
|
3,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
[27] |
|
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts payable |
|
|
[28] |
|
|
|
1,974 |
|
|
|
2,369 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
304 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
[29] |
|
|
|
2,016 |
|
|
|
3,055 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities directly related to assets held for sale
and discontinued operations |
|
|
[7.2] |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,070 |
|
|
|
15,515 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity and liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
102 Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Note |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes from continuing operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,374 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
454 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
|
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes paid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(463 |
) |
|
|
(763 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in pension provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(501 |
) |
|
|
(295 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Gains) losses on retirements of noncurrent assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
(133 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash effects of the remeasurement
of acquired assets (inventory work-down) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease (increase) in inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
(155 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decrease (increase) in trade accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
(201 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Decrease) increase in trade accounts payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(117 |
) |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in other working capital, other non-cash items |
|
|
|
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(net cash flow), continuing operations |
|
|
[33] |
|
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
3,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(net cash flow), discontinued operations |
|
|
[7.2] |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
(net cash flow), total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,502 |
|
|
|
4,203 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash outflows for additions to property, plant,
equipment and intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,389 |
) |
|
|
(1,876 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash inflows from sales of property, plant, equipment and other assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash inflows from divestitures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash inflows from noncurrent financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,189 |
|
|
|
850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash outflows for acquisitions less acquired cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,188 |
) |
|
|
(15,351 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and dividends received |
|
|
|
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
686 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash inflows (outflows) from current financial assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(202 |
) |
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (total) |
|
|
[34] |
|
|
|
(1,741 |
) |
|
|
(14,730 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contributions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1,174 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG dividend, dividend payments to minority stockholders,
reimbursements of advance capital gains tax payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
(535 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuances of debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,005 |
|
|
|
13,931 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements of debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,659 |
) |
|
|
(3,216 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest paid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(787 |
) |
|
|
(1,155 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (total) |
|
|
[35] |
|
|
|
(1,881 |
) |
|
|
10,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to business activities (total) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,570 |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to changes in scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(196 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to exchange rate movements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
|
[36] |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
2,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements 103 |
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Recognized Income and Expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair values of derivatives designated as hedges,
recognized in stockholders equity |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(59 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair values of derivatives designated as hedges, recognized in the income statement |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair values of available-for-sale financial assets,
recognized in stockholders equity |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit obligations for pensions and
other post-employment benefits, recognized in stockholders equity |
|
|
(1,207 |
) |
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences on translation of operations outside the euro zone,
recognized in stockholders equity |
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
(725 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes on valuation adjustments offset directly against stockholders equity |
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
(148 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes on valuation adjustments, removed from stockholders equity
and recognized in the income statement |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation adjustments recognized directly in stockholders equity |
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
(477 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total income and expense recognized in the financial statements |
|
|
1,712 |
|
|
|
1,218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to minority interest |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to Bayer AG stockholders |
|
|
1,706 |
|
|
|
1,211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
104 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
1. Key Data by Segment and Region
Segments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
HealthCare |
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net sales (external) |
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
2.7 |
% |
|
|
83.9 |
% |
|
|
41.6 |
% |
|
|
8.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
1.7 |
% |
|
|
84.5 |
% |
|
|
40.3 |
% |
|
|
8.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intersegment sales |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result [EBIT] |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow |
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital invested |
|
|
2,501 |
|
|
|
18,253 |
|
|
|
3,498 |
|
|
|
3,477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CFROI |
|
|
18.7 |
% |
|
|
10.5 |
% |
|
|
13.3 |
% |
|
|
18.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
1,053 |
|
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method income (loss) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method investments |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
3,489 |
|
|
|
25,860 |
|
|
|
4,622 |
|
|
|
4,372 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
476 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
488 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
2,086 |
|
|
|
3,451 |
|
|
|
1,366 |
|
|
|
1,154 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
680 |
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of employees (as of Dec. 31) |
|
|
16,800 |
|
|
|
40,000 |
|
|
|
11,400 |
|
|
|
11,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
Europe |
|
|
North America |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net sales (external) by market |
|
|
10,771 |
|
|
|
12,652 |
|
|
|
6,496 |
|
|
|
7,779 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
23.1 |
% |
|
|
17.5 |
% |
|
|
12.2 |
% |
|
|
19.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
22.9 |
% |
|
|
17.4 |
% |
|
|
11.3 |
% |
|
|
19.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales (external) by point of origin |
|
|
11,655 |
|
|
|
13,696 |
|
|
|
6,492 |
|
|
|
7,776 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
22.3 |
% |
|
|
17.5 |
% |
|
|
11.8 |
% |
|
|
19.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
22.1 |
% |
|
|
17.5 |
% |
|
|
10.9 |
% |
|
|
19.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interregional sales |
|
|
3,536 |
|
|
|
4,315 |
|
|
|
1,485 |
|
|
|
1,795 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income |
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result [EBIT] |
|
|
1,167 |
|
|
|
1,581 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
821 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow |
|
|
1,557 |
|
|
|
2,495 |
|
|
|
978 |
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method income (loss) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method investments |
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
18,939 |
|
|
|
37,255 |
|
|
|
7,145 |
|
|
|
7,881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
777 |
|
|
|
244 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
980 |
|
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
419 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
17,091 |
|
|
|
29,985 |
|
|
|
4,779 |
|
|
|
4,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
1,193 |
|
|
|
1,639 |
|
|
|
445 |
|
|
|
551 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of employees (as of Dec. 31) |
|
|
45,700 |
|
|
|
57,800 |
|
|
|
13,100 |
|
|
|
17,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report
2006
Segments
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 105 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
CropScience |
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
|
Science, BioScience |
|
|
Materials |
|
|
Systems |
|
|
Reconciliation |
|
|
Continuing Operations |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net sales (external) |
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
1,363 |
|
|
|
1,371 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
-1.7 |
% |
|
|
-4.7 |
% |
|
|
3.3 |
% |
|
|
3.3 |
% |
|
|
28.0 |
% |
|
|
3.1 |
% |
|
|
23.6 |
% |
|
|
9.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18.0 |
% |
|
|
17.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
-4.3 |
% |
|
|
-5.2 |
% |
|
|
2.1 |
% |
|
|
3.7 |
% |
|
|
27.4 |
% |
|
|
3.4 |
% |
|
|
22.8 |
% |
|
|
9.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.7 |
% |
|
|
17.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intersegment sales |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
(318 |
) |
|
|
(286 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income |
|
|
226 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
363 |
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result [EBIT] |
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
703 |
|
|
|
(349 |
) |
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow |
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital invested |
|
|
7,372 |
|
|
|
7,203 |
|
|
|
1,477 |
|
|
|
1,403 |
|
|
|
2,706 |
|
|
|
2,789 |
|
|
|
4,791 |
|
|
|
4,691 |
|
|
|
2,848 |
|
|
|
1,541 |
|
|
|
25,193 |
|
|
|
39,357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CFROI |
|
|
10.7 |
% |
|
|
9.5 |
% |
|
|
13.8 |
% |
|
|
14.5 |
% |
|
|
19.0 |
% |
|
|
13.2 |
% |
|
|
17.1 |
% |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
|
12.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow |
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
(101 |
) |
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
3,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method income (loss) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method investments |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
208 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
580 |
|
|
|
504 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
8,836 |
|
|
|
7,712 |
|
|
|
1,591 |
|
|
|
1,444 |
|
|
|
2,770 |
|
|
|
2,742 |
|
|
|
5,125 |
|
|
|
4,745 |
|
|
|
7,493 |
|
|
|
6,091 |
|
|
|
33,926 |
|
|
|
52,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
304 |
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
1,739 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
2,668 |
|
|
|
2,088 |
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
311 |
|
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
1,632 |
|
|
|
1,681 |
|
|
|
15,970 |
|
|
|
32,910 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
42,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
548 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
1,729 |
|
|
|
2,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of employees (as of Dec. 31) |
|
|
15,800 |
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
2,700 |
|
|
|
2,900 |
|
|
|
4,700 |
|
|
|
5,000 |
|
|
|
9,400 |
|
|
|
9,900 |
|
|
|
21,800 |
|
|
|
21,800 |
|
|
|
82,600 |
|
|
|
106,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Regions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin America/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing |
|
million |
|
Asia/Pacific |
|
|
Africa/Middle East |
|
|
Reconciliation |
|
|
Operations |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net sales (external) by market |
|
|
4,073 |
|
|
|
4,610 |
|
|
|
3,361 |
|
|
|
3,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
16.1 |
% |
|
|
13.2 |
% |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
16.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18.0 |
% |
|
|
17.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
15.2 |
% |
|
|
15.0 |
% |
|
|
10.5 |
% |
|
|
16.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.7 |
% |
|
|
17.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales (external) by point of origin |
|
|
3,931 |
|
|
|
4,410 |
|
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
3,074 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in |
|
|
18.9 |
% |
|
|
12.2 |
% |
|
|
15.0 |
% |
|
|
17.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18.0 |
% |
|
|
17.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in local currencies |
|
|
18.0 |
% |
|
|
14.0 |
% |
|
|
6.9 |
% |
|
|
16.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.7 |
% |
|
|
17.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interregional sales |
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
(5,369 |
) |
|
|
(6,548 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result [EBIT] |
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow |
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
335 |
|
|
|
265 |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
(117 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method income (loss) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method investments |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets |
|
|
3,589 |
|
|
|
3,965 |
|
|
|
2,351 |
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
1,902 |
|
|
|
1,365 |
|
|
|
33,926 |
|
|
|
52,966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
472 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
1,739 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
1,608 |
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
1,047 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
1,049 |
|
|
|
792 |
|
|
|
4,767 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
42,192 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,729 |
|
|
|
2,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of employees (as of Dec. 31) |
|
|
13,200 |
|
|
|
17,300 |
|
|
|
10,600 |
|
|
|
13,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82,600 |
|
|
|
106,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
2. General information
The consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group as of December 31,
2006 have been prepared pursuant to Section 315a of the
German Commercial Code
according to the International Financial Reporting Standards
(ifrs) of the
International Accounting Standards Board (iasb), London, which are recognized by
the European Union, and the Interpretations of the International Financial
Reporting Interpretations Committee
(ifric), in effect at the closing date.
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (Bayer AG) is a global enterprise based in Germany. Its
business activities in the fields of health care, nutrition and high-tech
materials are divided among the Bayer HealthCare, Bayer CropScience and Bayer
MaterialScience subgroups, respectively. The activities of the various segments are
outlined in Note [6].
A Declaration of Conformity with the German Corporate Governance Code has been
issued pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act and made
available to stockholders.
The Board of Management of Bayer AG approved the consolidated financial
statements of the Bayer Group on February 27, 2007 for submission to the companys
Supervisory Board. They were submitted to the Audit Committee of the Supervisory
Board on March 8, 2007 and approved by the Supervisory Board at its meeting on
March 12, 2007.
The financial statements of the consolidated companies are prepared according to
uniform recognition and valuation principles. Valuation adjustments made for tax
reasons are not reflected in the Group statements. The financial statements of
the individual consolidated companies are prepared as of the closing date for the
Group statements.
The Group financial statements are based on the principle of the historical
cost of acquisition, construction or production, with the exception of certain
items such as available-for-sale financial assets and derivative financial
instruments, which are reflected at fair value.
The consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group are drawn up in
euros (). Amounts are stated in millions of euros ( million) except
where otherwise indicated.
The income statement is prepared using the cost-of-sales method, in which expenses
are classified according to their function as cost of goods sold, selling
expenses, research and development expenses, general administration expenses or
other operating expenses.
In the income statement and balance sheet, certain items are combined for the sake
of clarity and explained in the Notes. Assets and liabilities are classified by
maturity. They are classified as current if they mature within one year or are
held for sale, and as noncurrent if they remain in the Bayer Group for more than
one year. Trade accounts receivable and payable, claims for tax refunds, tax
liabilities and inventories are always presented as current items, deferred tax
assets and liabilities as noncurrent items.
In
compliance with ifrs 5 (Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued
Operations), a distinction was made in 2006 between continuing operations and
discontinued operations or assets held for sale. The discontinued operations are
recognized as separate line items in the balance sheet for fiscal 2006 and in the
income and cash flow statements for both 2005 and 2006. Depreciation of noncurrent
assets allocable to discontinued operations ceased when the respective divestiture
was announced. All data in these Notes refer to continuing operations, except where
otherwise indicated. Discontinued operations are described in Note [7.2].
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 107 |
Changes in recognition and valuation principles are explained in the Notes. The
retrospective application of new or revised standards requires except as
otherwise provided in the respective standard that earnings for the preceding
year and the opening balance sheet for the reporting year be restated as if the
new recognition and valuation principles had been applied in the past. The financial statements as of December 31, 2005 have therefore been restated in line
with the new and revised standards applied by the Bayer Group as of January 1,
2006.
3. Effects of new accounting pronouncements
Accounting standards applied for the first time in 2006
In 2006 the following accounting standards and interpretations had to be applied
for the first time. None of the following standards had a material impact on the
Groups net assets, financial position, results of operations or earnings per
share in the current period.
In
August 2005, the
iasb issued amendments
to ias 39 (Financial Instruments:
Recognition and Measurement) and ifrs 4 (Insurance Contracts). The amendments are
intended to insure that issuers of financial guarantee contracts include the
resulting liabilities in their balance sheet. The amendments define a financial
guarantee contract as a contract that requires the issuer to make specified
payments to reimburse the holder for a loss it incurs because a specified debtor
fails to make payment when due in accordance with the original or modified terms
of a debt instrument. The amendment is to be applied for annual periods beginning
on or after January 1, 2006.
In
December 2004, the
ifric issued the
interpretation ifric 5 (Rights to
Interests arising from Decommissioning, Restoration and Environmental
Rehabilitation Funds), which specifies the accounting treatment of cash
reimbursements from funds set up to cover costs of waste disposal, environmental
remediation and similar commitments. ifric 5 is to be applied for annual periods
beginning on or after January 1, 2006. The interpretation is not relevant for
the Bayer Group since it does not participate in such funds.
In
September 2005, the
ifric issued
ifric 6 (Liabilities arising from Participating
in a Specific Market-Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment).
ifric 6 clarifies when certain producers of electrical goods will need to recognize a liability
for the cost of waste management relating to the decommissioning of waste
electrical and electronic equipment (historical waste) supplied to private
households. The amendment is to be applied for annual periods beginning on or after
December 1, 2005.
In
November 2005, the
ifric issued
ifric 7 (Applying the Restatement Approach under
ias 29 [Financial
Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies]). ifric 7 clarifies
how comparative amounts in financial statements should be restated when an
entitys functional currency becomes hyperinflationary.
ifric agreed that when
hyperinflationary status is reached, an entity must restate its financial
statements as though the economy had always been hyperinflationary. In addition,
ifric 7 also provides guidance on how deferred tax items in the opening balance
sheet should be restated.
In
March 2006, the
ifric issued
ifric 9 (Reassessment of Embedded Derivatives).
The interpretation addresses the timing of when a contract must be assessed to
determine if an embedded derivative exists that needs to be separated and fair
valued. The ifric concluded that the assessment has to be carried out only when
the entity first enters into the contract. A subsequent reassessment is
prohibited unless there is a change in terms of the contract that significantly
modifies the cash flows.
|
|
|
108 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Newly issued accounting standards
In
July 2006, the ifric issued ifric 10 (Interim Financial Reporting and
Impairment). This interpretation addresses the interaction between the
requirements of ias 34 (Interim Financial Reporting) and the recognition of
impairment losses on goodwill under ias 36 (Impairment of Assets) and investments
in equity instruments as well as financial assets carried at cost under ias 39
(Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement). The ifric concluded that
where an entity has recognized an impairment loss in an interim period in respect
of goodwill or an investment in either an equity instrument or a financial asset
carried at cost, that impairment must not be reversed in subsequent interim financial statements or in annual financial statements. ifric 10 is to be applied
for annual periods beginning on or after November 1, 2006. The Bayer Group does
not believe that the application of this interpretation will have a material
impact on the Groups financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In
November 2006, the
ifric issued
ifric 11
(ifrs 2 Group and Treasury Share
Transactions). The interpretation addresses how to apply ifrs 2 (Share-based
Payment) to accounting for share-based payment arrangements involving an entitys
own equity instruments. It also provides guidance on whether share-based payment
arrangements, in which suppliers of goods or services of an entity are provided
with equity instruments of the entitys parent, should be accounted for as
cash-settled or equity-settled in the entitys financial statements. ifric 11 is
to be applied for annual periods beginning on or after March 1, 2007. The Bayer
Group is currently evaluating the impact that application of the interpretation may
have on the Groups financial position, results of operation or cash flows.
In November 2006, the ifric issued ifric 12 (Service Concession Arrangements).
Service concessions are arrangements whereby a government or other public-sector
entity grants contracts for the supply of public services such as roads,
airports, prisons and energy and water supply and distribution facilities to
private-sector operators. ifric 12 is to be applied for annual periods beginning on
or after January 1, 2008. The Bayer Group does not believe that the application of
this interpretation will have a material impact on the Groups financial position,
results of operations or cash flows.
In August 2005, the iasb issued the new standard ifrs 7 (Financial Instruments:
Disclosures), which is to be applied for annual periods beginning on or after
January 1, 2007. This standard specifies the information on financial
instruments that is to be provided in the notes to the financial statements.
ifrs 7 provides for financial instruments to be grouped into certain categories
and specific disclosures to be made for each category, including the significance of the instruments and the nature and extent of the risks associated with
them. The new standard will affect the nature and modality of financial
instrument disclosures in the financial statements of the Bayer Group, but not
the recognition or measurement of the instruments.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 109 |
4. Basic principles of the consolidated financial statements
4.1 Scope of consolidation and consolidation methods
The consolidated financial statements include those companies in which Bayer AG
directly or indirectly has a majority of the voting rights (subsidiaries) or from
which it is able to derive the greater part of the economic benefit and bears the
greater part of the risk by virtue of its power to govern corporate financial and
operating policies, generally through an ownership interest greater than 50
percent. Inclusion of such companies accounts in the consolidated financial
statements begins when Bayer AG starts to exercise control over the company and
ceases when it is no longer able to do so.
However, associates in which Bayer AG exerts significant influence, generally
through an ownership interest between 20 and 50 percent, are accounted for by the
equity method. The cost of acquisition of an associate is adjusted annually by the
percentage of any change in its stockholders equity corresponding to Bayers
percentage interest in the company. Any goodwill arising from the first-time
inclusion of companies at equity is accounted for in the same way as goodwill
relating to fully consolidated companies. Bayers share of changes in these
companies stockholders equities that are recognized in their income statements
including write-downs of goodwill are recognized in the Bayer Group consolidated
income statement in the non-operating result. Intercompany profits and losses for
these companies were not material in either 2006 or 2005. Further details of the
companies included at equity in the Group financial statements are given in Note
[19].
Subsidiaries that do not have a material impact on net assets or results of
operations, either individually or in aggregate, are not consolidated. Further
details of changes in the scope of consolidation and the individual companies
consolidated are given in Note [7.1].
Capital
consolidation is performed according to
ias 27 (Consolidated and Separate
Financial Statements) by offsetting the net carrying amounts of subsidiaries in
the balance sheet against their underlying equity as valued at the respective
acquisition dates. The identifiable assets and liabilities (including contingent
liabilities) of subsidiaries and joint ventures are included at their fair values
in proportion to Bayers interest. Remaining differences are recognized as
goodwill.
Intragroup sales, profits, losses, income, expenses, receivables and payables
are eliminated.
Deferred taxes are recognized for temporary differences related to consolidation entries.
Joint ventures are included by proportionate consolidation according to the
same principles.
|
|
|
110 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
4.2 Foreign currency translation
In the financial statements of the individual consolidated companies, foreign
currency receivables and payables are translated at closing rates, irrespective
of whether they are exchange-hedged. Derivative financial instruments are stated
at fair value.
The majority of consolidated companies outside the euro zone are to be regarded as
foreign entities since they are financially, economically and organizationally
autonomous. Their functional currencies according to ias 21 (The Effects of
Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates) are thus the respective local currencies.
The assets and liabilities of foreign companies at the start and end of the year
are translated at closing rates. All changes occurring during the year and all
income and expense items are translated at average rates for the year. Components
of stockholders equity are translated at the historical exchange rates prevailing
at the respective dates of their first-time recognition in Group equity.
The differences between the resulting amounts and those obtained by translating
at closing rates are reflected in other comprehensive income and stated
separately in the tables in the Notes under Exchange differences on translation
of operations outside the euro zone or Exchange differences. When a company is
deconsolidated, exchange differences recognized in stockholders equity are
removed from equity and recognized in the income statement.
Acquisition-related goodwill and remeasurement amounts arising at companies
outside the euro zone are translated at the closing rate on the acquisition
date.
The exchange rates for major currencies against the euro varied as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Closing
rate |
|
|
Average
rate |
|
1 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Argentina |
|
ARS |
|
|
3.57 |
|
|
|
4.04 |
|
|
|
3.64 |
|
|
|
3.86 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brazil |
|
BRL |
|
|
2.76 |
|
|
|
2.82 |
|
|
|
3.04 |
|
|
|
2.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.K. |
|
GBP |
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
0.67 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Japan |
|
JPY |
|
|
138.90 |
|
|
|
156.93 |
|
|
|
136.86 |
|
|
|
146.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canada |
|
CAD |
|
|
1.37 |
|
|
|
1.53 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
1.42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mexico |
|
MXN |
|
|
12.59 |
|
|
|
14.27 |
|
|
|
13.58 |
|
|
|
13.69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Switzerland |
|
CHF |
|
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
1.61 |
|
|
|
1.55 |
|
|
|
1.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
USD |
|
|
1.18 |
|
|
|
1.32 |
|
|
|
1.24 |
|
|
|
1.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.3 Basic recognition and valuation principles
Net sales and other operating income
Sales are recognized upon transfer of risk or rendering of services to third
parties if it is sufficiently probable that the transactions economic benefit
to the company will actually be realized, and are reported net of sales taxes and
rebates.
Where sales of products or services involve the provision of multiple elements
which may contain different remuneration arrangements such as prepayments,
milestone payments etc. for example research and development alliances and
co-promotion agreements
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 111 |
they are assessed to determine whether separate delivery of the individual
elements of such arrangements comprises more than one unit of accounting. The
delivered elements are separated if (a) they have value to the customer on a
stand-alone basis, (b) there is objective and reliable evidence of the fair
value of the undelivered element(s) and (c) if the arrangement includes a
general right of return relative to the delivered element(s), delivery or
performance of the undelivered element(s) is considered probable and is
substantially in the control of the company. If all three criteria are fulfilled, the appropriate revenue recognition convention is then applied to each
separate accounting unit.
Allocations to provisions for rebates to customers are recognized in the period
in which the related sales are recorded. These amounts are deducted from net
sales. Payments relating to the sale or outlicensing of technologies or
technological expertise once the respective agreements have become effective
are immediately recognized in income if all rights relating to the
technologies and all obligations resulting from them have been relinquished
under the contract terms and Bayer has no continuing obligation to perform
under the agreement. However, if rights to the technologies continue to exist
or obligations resulting from them have yet to be fulfilled, the payments
received are recorded in line with the actual circumstances.
Contractually agreed upfront payments and similar non-refundable payments
received under these agreements are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized
in income over the estimated performance period stipulated in the agreement.
Non-refundable milestone payments received that are linked to the achievement
of significant and substantive technological or regulatory hurdles in the
research and development process, pursuant to collaborative agreements, are
recognized as revenue upon the achievement of the specified milestone.
Revenues such as license fees, rentals, interest income or dividends are
recognized according to the same principles.
Research and development expenses
A substantial proportion of the Bayer Groups financial resources is
invested in research and development. In addition to in-house research and
development activities, especially in the health care business, various
research and development collaborations and alliances are maintained with
third parties involving the provision of funding and/or payments for the
achievement of performance milestones.
For accounting purposes, research expenses are defined as costs incurred for
current or planned investigations undertaken with the prospect of gaining new
scientific or technical knowledge and understanding. Development expenses are
defined as costs incurred for the application of research findings or
specialist knowledge to production, production methods, services or goods prior
to the commencement of commercial production or use.
According
to ias 38 (Intangible Assets), research costs cannot be capitalized;
development costs must be capitalized if, and only if, specific, narrowly defined conditions are fulfilled. Development costs must be capitalized if it is
sufficiently certain that the future economic benefits to the company will
also cover the respective development costs. Since development projects are
often subject to regulatory approval procedures and other uncertainties, the
conditions for the capitalization of costs incurred before approvals are
received are not normally satisfied.
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112 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
With respect to costs incurred in collaborations and alliances with third parties,
considerable judgment is involved in assessing whether milestone-based payments
simply reflect the funding of research, in which case expensing is always
required, or whether, by making a milestone payment, an asset is acquired. In the
latter case, the relevant costs are capitalized.
The following costs in particular, by their very nature, constitute research and
development expenses: the appropriate allocations of direct personnel and
material costs and related overheads for internal or external application
technology, engineering and other departments that provide the respective
services; costs for experimental and pilot facilities (including depreciation of
buildings or parts of buildings used for research or development purposes); costs
for clinical research; regular costs for the utilization of third parties
patents for research and development purposes; other taxes related to research
facilities; and fees for the filing and registration of self-generated patents
that are not capitalized.
The Bayer Group capitalizes the costs incurred in the application development
phase of in-house software development. These costs are amortized over the useful
life of the software from the date it is placed in service.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
Acquired intangible assets
with the exception of goodwill and other assets with
indefinite useful lives are recognized at cost and generally amortized by the
straight-line method over a period of 3 to 30 years, depending on their estimated
useful lives. Write-downs are made for impairment losses. They are written back if
the reasons for the previous write-downs no longer apply. However, such
write-backs must not cause the carrying amount to exceed the cost of acquisition.
Amortization for 2006 has been allocated to the respective functional cost items.
Since January 1, 2005, goodwill, including that arising on acquisitions, has not
been amortized. In accordance with ifrs 3 (Business Combinations) and the related
revised versions of ias 36 (Impairment of Assets) and ias 38 (Intangible Assets),
goodwill, including that arising on acquisitions, is no longer amortized, but in
common with other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives tested
annually for possible impairment. This is done more frequently if events or
changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Further details of the
annual impairment test for goodwill are given in Note [4.5].
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment is carried at the cost of acquisition or construction
and where subject to depletion depreciated over its estimated useful life or
written down if its value falls below its net carrying amount (impairment loss).
The cost of acquisition comprises the acquisition price, ancillary costs and
subsequent acquisition costs less any reduction received on the acquisition price.
Where an obligation exists to dismantle or remove the asset or restore a site to
its former condition at the end of the assets useful life, the estimated cost of
such dismantlement, removal or restoration is added to the assets cost of
acquisition and a corresponding provision is recognized. The cost of
self-constructed property, plant and equipment comprises the direct cost of
materials, direct manufacturing expenses, appropriate allocations of material and
manufacturing overheads.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 113 |
If the construction phase of property, plant or equipment extends over a long
period, the interest incurred on borrowed capital up to the date of completion is
capitalized as part of the cost of acquisition or construction in accordance with
ias 23 (Borrowing Costs).
Expenses for the repair of property, plant and equipment, such as ongoing
maintenance costs, are normally charged to income. The cost of acquisition or
construction is capitalized retroactively if the expenses related to the asset
will result in future economic benefits.
Property, plant and equipment is depreciated by the straight-line method, except
where depreciation based on actual depletion is more appropriate. Depreciation
for the year is allocated to the respective functional cost items.
If an assets value falls below its net carrying amount, the latter is reduced
accordingly. In compliance with ias 36 (Impairment of Assets), such impairment
losses are measured by comparing the carrying amounts to the discounted cash flows expected to be generated by the respective assets. They are written back if the
reasons for the previous write-downs no longer apply. However, such write-backs
must not cause the carrying amount to exceed the cost of acquisition. Further
details of impairment testing procedures are given in Note [4.5].
When assets are sold, closed down, or scrapped, the difference between the net
proceeds and the net carrying amount of the assets is recognized as a gain or loss
in other operating income or expenses, respectively.
The following depreciation periods, based on the estimated useful lives of the
respective assets, are applied throughout the Group:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Buildings
|
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20 |
|
|
to
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
years |
|
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|
Outdoor infrastructure
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
to
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
years |
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|
Plant installations
|
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6 |
|
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to
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|
20 |
|
|
years |
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|
Machinery and equipment
|
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6 |
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to
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12 |
|
|
years |
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|
Laboratory and research facilities
|
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3 |
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to
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5 |
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|
years |
|
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|
Storage tanks and pipelines
|
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10 |
|
|
to
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
years |
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|
Vehicles
|
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4 |
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to
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8 |
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|
years |
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|
Computer equipment
|
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3 |
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to
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|
5 |
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|
years |
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|
Furniture and fixtures
|
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4 |
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to
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10 |
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|
years |
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|
In accordance with ias 17 (Leases), assets leased on terms equivalent to financing a purchase by a long-term loan (finance leases) are capitalized at the
lower of their fair value or the present value of the minimum lease payments at the
date of addition. The leased assets are depreciated over their estimated useful
lives except where subsequent transfer of title is uncertain, in which case they
are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the respective lease terms,
whichever are shorter.
Financial assets
Financial assets comprise receivables, acquired equity and debt instruments,
cash and cash equivalents and derivative financial instruments with positive
fair values.
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114 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
They are
classified as financial assets and accounted for in compliance with
ias
39 (Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement), which specifies that financial assets must be recognized in the consolidated financial statements if the
Bayer Group has a contractual right to receive cash or another financial asset
from another entity. Regular way purchases and sales of financial assets are
posted on the settlement date. Financial assets are initially recognized at fair
value plus transaction costs. The transaction costs incurred for the purchase of
financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss are expensed
immediately. Interest-free or low-interest receivables are initially reflected at
the net present value of the expected future cash flows. For purposes of
subsequent measurement, financial assets are allocated to the following
categories:
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Financial assets held at fair value through profit or loss comprise those financial assets that are held for trading. This category comprises receivables
from forward commodity contracts and receivables from other derivative financial instruments, which are included in other financial assets, except
where hedge accounting is used. Changes in the fair value of financial
assets in this category are recognized in the income statement when the
increase or decrease in value occurs. |
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|
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets that are not
quoted in an active market. They are carried at amortized cost. This category
comprises trade accounts receivable, the financial receivables and loans
included in other financial assets, the additional financial receivables and
loans reflected in miscellaneous receivables, and cash and cash equivalents.
Interest income from items assigned to this category is determined using the
effective interest method, insofar as such items are not classified as
current receivables and the effect of discounting interest is not material. |
|
|
Held-to-maturity financial assets are non-derivative financial assets, with
fixed or determinable payments, that are to be held for a fixed period of
time. They are accounted for at amortized cost using the effective interest
method. Held-to-maturity financial investments are recognized in other financial assets. |
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|
Available-for-sale financial assets are those non-derivative financial
assets that are not assigned to any of the above categories. In particular,
they comprise equity instruments recognized at fair value and debt instruments
not to be held to maturity, which are included in other financial assets.
Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets are
recognized in stockholders equity and not released to the income statement
until the assets are sold or impaired. Where possible, a fair value for equity
and debt securities is derived from market data. Financial assets for which no
market price is available and whose fair value cannot be reliably estimated
are carried at amortized cost. |
If there are substantial, objective indications that loans and receivables,
held-to-maturity financial assets or available-for-sale financial assets are
impaired, their carrying amount is compared to the present value of the expected
future cash flows, discounted by the current market rate of return on a comparable
financial asset. If an impairment is confirmed, they are written down by the
difference between the two amounts. Indications of impairment include the fact that
a company has been making an operating loss for several years, a reduction in
market value, a significant deterioration in credit standing, material breach of
contract, a high probability of insolvency or other financial restructuring of the
debtor, or the disappearance of an active market for the asset.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 115 |
Previous write-downs are written back if the reasons for them no longer apply.
However, such write-backs must not cause the carrying amount to exceed the cost of
acquisition. No write-backs are made for available-for-sale equity instruments.
Financial assets are derecognized when the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial assets expire or the financial assets are transferred,
together with all material risks and benefits.
The management of financial and commodity price risks and, in particular, the
accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments and hedging relationships
involving them, are explained in more detail in Note [30].
Inventories
In accordance with ias 2 (Inventories), inventories encompass assets (finished goods
and goods purchased for resale) that are held for sale in the ordinary course of
business, that are in the process of production for such sale (work in process) or that
take the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in
the rendering of services (raw materials and supplies). Inventories are recognized at
the lower of acquisition or production cost calculated by the weighted-average method
and fair value less costs to sell, which is the realizable sale proceeds under normal
business conditions less estimated production costs and selling expenses.
Taxes
Income taxes comprise all taxes levied on the Groups taxable income. The remaining
taxes, such as property, electricity and other energy taxes, are included in the cost of
goods sold or in selling, research and development or general administration expenses.
In compliance with ias 12 (Income Taxes), deferred taxes are calculated for temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in
the ifrs balance
sheet and the balance sheet drawn up for tax purposes, for consolidation measures, and
for tax loss carryforwards likely to be realizable.
Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences and tax loss
carryforwards are recognized to the extent that it is sufficiently probable that
taxable income will be available in the future to enable the tax loss carryforwards to
be utilized.
Deferred taxes are calculated at the rates which on the basis of the statutory
regulations in force, or already enacted in relation to future periods, as of the
closing date are expected to apply in the individual countries at the time of
realization. Where legally permitted, deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities
are offset if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority.
Provisions
Provisions are recognized for obligations arising from past events that will probably
give rise to a future outflow of resources, provided that a reliable estimate can be
made of the amount of the obligation.
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116 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
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|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The accounting and valuation principles for pension and other post-employment
benefit obligations are outlined in Note [25].
Other provisions are measured in
accordance with ias 37 (Provisions, Contingent
Liabilities and Contingent Assets) and, where appropriate,
ias 19 (Employee Benefits), using the best estimate of the extent of the expenditure that would be
required to meet the present obligation as of the reporting date. Where the cash
outflow to settle an obligation is not expected to occur until after one year, the
provision is recognized at the present value of the expected cash outflow.
Reimbursements receivable from third parties are capitalized separately if their
realization is virtually certain.
If the projected obligation declines as a result of a change in the estimate, the
provision is reversed by the corresponding amount and the resulting income
recognized in the operating expense item(s) in which the original charge was
recognized.
Personnel commitments mainly include annual bonus payments, vacation entitlements,
service awards and other personnel costs. Reimbursements to be received from the
German authorities under the senior part-time work program are recorded as
receivables and recognized in income as soon as the criteria for such
reimbursements are fulfilled. Sales-related commitments mainly relate to the
granting of rebates or discounts, acceptance of product returns, and obligations
regarding services already received but not yet invoiced.
Litigation and administrative proceedings are evaluated on a case-by-case basis
considering the available information, including that from legal counsel, to assess
potential outcomes. Where it is considered probable that a future obligation will
result in an outflow of resources, a provision is recorded in the amount of the
present value of the expected cash outflows if these can be reliably estimated.
These provisions cover the estimated payments to plaintiffs, court fees and the
cost of potential settlements. Further details of legal risks are given in Note
[32].
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities comprise primary financial liabilities and negative fair
values of derivative financial instruments.
Primary financial liabilities are recognized in the balance sheet if the Bayer
Group has a contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets to
another party. Initial recognition is at the fair value of the consideration
received or the value of payments received less any transaction costs. In
subsequent periods, primary financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost
using the effective interest method. Liabilities relating to finance leases are
carried at the present value of the minimum future lease payments.
Derivative financial instruments are carried at fair value through profit or
loss unless hedge accounting is used. Negative fair values of derivative financial instruments are included in financial liabilities or other
liabilities.
Financial liabilities are derecognized when the contractual obligation is
discharged, canceled or expires.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 117 |
The management of financial and commodity price risks and, in particular, the
accounting treatment of derivative financial instruments and hedging relationships
involving them, are explained in more detail in Note [30].
Under
ias 32 (Financial Instruments: Presentation), financial instruments are
only classified as equity if no contractual obligation exists to repay the
capital or deliver other financial assets to the issuer. Where a third party
holding a (minority) interest in a consolidated subsidiary is contractually
entitled to terminate its participation and at the same time claim repayment of
its capital contribution, such capital is recognized as a liability in the Group
statements even if it is classified as equity in the respective jurisdiction. The
redeemable capital of a minority stockholder is recognized at the amount of such
stockholders pro-rated share of the subsidiarys net assets.
Other receivables and liabilities
Accrued items, advance payments and non-financial assets and liabilities are
carried at amortized cost. They are amortized to income by the straight-line
method or according to performance of the underlying transaction.
In
accordance with ias 20 (Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of
Government Assistance), grants and subsidies that serve to promote investment are
reflected in the balance sheet under other liabilities and amortized to income
over the useful lives of the respective assets.
4.4 Cash flow statement
The cash flow statement shows how the liquidity of the Bayer Group was affected by
the inflow and outflow of cash and cash equivalents during the year. The effects
of changes in the scope of consolidation are eliminated. Cash flows are classified by operating, investing and financing activities in accordance
with ias 7 (Cash
Flow Statements). The cash and cash equivalents shown in the balance sheet comprise
cash, checks, balances with banks and securities with original maturities of up to
three months.
The amounts reported by consolidated companies outside the euro zone are
translated at average exchange rates for the year, with the exception of cash and
cash equivalents, which are translated at closing rates as in the balance sheet.
The effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents is shown
separately.
Cash and cash equivalents contain the proceeds from the divestiture of
discontinued operations and cash inflows from these operations prior to
divestiture. In principle, therefore, the statement of cash flows must account
for all cash inflows and outflows for both continuing and discontinued
operations. However, ifrs 5 (Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued
Operations) specifies that cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities be classified by continuing and discontinued operations. The
discontinued operations shares of the cash flows from operating, investing and
financing activities are stated separately in Note [7.2].
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118 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
In both the balance sheet and the income statement, however, the amounts
corresponding to the components of the net operating cash flow are shown for
continuing operations only. This is the case, for example, with the amounts of
inventories, receivables and payables recognized in the balance sheet that
determine the changes in working capital shown in the cash flow statement. The
income after taxes from continuing operations that is recognized in the income
statement forms the starting point for the cash flow statement. To ensure that
the presentation of operating activities in the cash flow statement is consistent
with the income statement and balance sheet, the net operating cash flow from
continuing operations is therefore stated first on the face of the cash flow
statement. The total net operating cash flow from discontinued operations is
shown in the next line, by analogy with the presentation of income after taxes in
the income statement. The cash flows from continuing and discontinued operations
are added together to give the net operating cash flow for the entire business.
4.5 Procedure used in global impairment testing and its impact
In
accordance with ifrs 3 (Business Combinations) and the related revised versions
of ias 36 (Impairment
of Assets) and ias 38 (Intangible Assets), goodwill and other
intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized but tested
regularly for impairment.
Where goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible assets allocated to a
cash-generating unit are not likely to generate identifiable future economic
benefits independently of other assets, they must be tested for impairment
annually, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate a
possible impairment. This involves comparing the residual carrying amount of each
cash-generating unit to the recoverable amount, which is the higher of the
cash-generating units fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. In the
Bayer Group, the strategic business entities the financial reporting levels
below the segments are defined as the cash-generating units.
Where the carrying amount of a cash-generating unit exceeds the recoverable
amount, an impairment loss is recognized for the difference. First, the goodwill
of the relevant strategic business entity is written down accordingly. Any
remaining impairment loss is allocated among the other assets of the strategic
business entity in proportion to their net carrying amounts. This value adjustment
is recognized in the income statement under other operating expenses.
The recoverable amount is determined from the present value of future cash flows,
based on continuing use of the asset by the strategic business entity and its
retirement at the end of its useful life. The cash flow forecasts are derived
from the current long-term planning for the Bayer Group.
Bayer calculates the total cost of capital on the basis of the debt/equity ratio
using the weighted average cost of capital
(wacc) formula. The cost of equity
corresponds to the return expected by stockholders, while the cost of debt is
based on the conditions on which the company can obtain long-term financing.
Both components are derived from capital market information.
To allow for the different risk and return profiles of the principal
businesses, the after-tax cost of capital is calculated separately for each of
the subgroups. The discount rates used are 7.6 percent (2005: 7.4 percent) for
HealthCare, 7.9 percent (2005: 8.0 percent) for CropScience and 7.3 percent
(2005: 7.0 percent) for MaterialScience.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 119 |
5. Critical accounting policies
The preparation of the financial statements for the Bayer Group requires the
use of estimates and assumptions. These affect the classification and valuation of
assets, liabilities, income, expenses and contingent liabilities. Estimates and
assumptions mainly relate to the useful life of noncurrent assets, the discounted
cash flows used in impairment testing and the establishment of provisions for
litigation, pensions and other benefits, taxes, environmental protection,
inventory valuations, sales allowances, product liability and guarantees. Estimates
are based on historical experience and other assumptions that are considered
reasonable under the circumstances. Actual values may vary from the estimates. The
estimates and the assumptions are continually reviewed.
To enhance the information content of the estimates, certain provisions that could
have a material effect on the financial position and results of operations of the
Group are selected and tested for their sensitivity to changes in the underlying
parameters. To reflect uncertainty about the likelihood of the assumed events
actually occurring, the impact of a 5 percent change in the probability of
occurrence is examined in each case. For long-term interest-bearing provisions, the
impact of a 1 percent change in the interest rate used is analyzed. Analysis has
not shown other provisions to be materially sensitive. The interest sensitivity of
pension obligations is discussed in Note [25].
Critical accounting and valuation policies and methods are those that are both most
important to the portrayal of the Bayer Groups financial position, results of
operations and cash flows, and that require the application of difficult,
subjective and complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates
about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in
subsequent periods. The critical accounting policies that we disclose will not
necessarily result in material changes to our financial statements in any given
period but rather contain a potential for material change. The main accounting and
valuation policies used by the Bayer Group are outlined in Note [4.3]. While not
all of the significant accounting policies require difficult, subjective or
complex judgments, the Company considers that the following accounting policies
should be considered critical accounting policies.
Intangible assets and property, plant and equipment
As discussed in Notes [17] and [18], at December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group had
intangible assets with a net carrying amount of 24,034 million including
goodwill of 8,227 million, and property, plant and equipment with a net
carrying amount of 8,867 million. Intangible assets with finite useful lives
and property, plant and equipment are amortized over their estimated useful lives.
The estimated useful lives are based on estimates of the period during which the
assets will generate revenue.
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120 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Intangible assets with finite useful lives and property, plant and equipment are
tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount of the assets may no longer be recoverable. Goodwill and intangible
assets with indefinite useful lives must be tested annually for impairment. In
compliance with ias 36 (Impairment of Assets), impairment losses are measured by
comparing the carrying amounts to the discounted cash flows expected to be
generated by the respective assets. Where it is not possible to estimate the
impairment loss for an individual asset, the loss is assessed on the basis of the
discounted cash flow for the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.
Estimating the discounted future cash flows involves significant assumptions,
especially regarding future sales prices, sales volumes and costs. The discounting
process is also based on assumptions and estimations relating to
business specific
costs of capital, which in turn are based on country risks, credit risks as well as
additional risks resulting from the volatility of the respective line of business.
The present value of future cash flows measures an assets value based on our
continuing use of the asset and its retirement at the end of its useful life.
Further information on the procedure for impairment testing and the residual
carrying amounts of goodwill at the balance sheet date is presented in Note [4.5]
and Note [17].
To illustrate the Bayer Groups impairment loss measurement on the segment level,
if the actual present value of future cash flows were 10 percent lower than the
anticipated present value, the net carrying amount of goodwill in the Crop
Protection segment would have to be impaired by 146 million. In the Systems
segment, the net carrying amounts would have to be impaired by 42 million. We
have focused our analysis on the Crop Protection and Systems segments because we
believe that these are the only of our segments where impairments of goodwill and
other intangible assets under the assumptions described above are reasonably
likely to have a material adverse effect on the results of operations of the
respective segments. If the weighted average cost of capital used for the
impairment test were increased by 10 percent, assets of the Crop Protection and
Systems segment would have to be impaired by 85 million or 34 million,
respectively. In quantifying our sensitivity analysis, we modeled a 10 percent
decline as a negative change up to this magnitude is in our view reasonably
likely. We do not now believe that greater changes are reasonably likely given our
experiences in the Crop Protection and System segments.
Applying these policies, we recognized impairment charges in 2006 and 2005. The
following table sets forth these charges based on their allocation to our
continuing and discontinued operations.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment charges (continuing operations) |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment charges (discontinued operations) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total impairment charges |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 121 |
In 2005, we recognized impairment charges largely as a result of our decisions
to close or relocate several facilities and sites within our continuing operations
as part of our strategic reorientation and focus on our core businesses.
Impairment charges and write-downs of property, plant and equipment in 2005
originated especially from our decision to shut down or to relocate different
production facilities and sites in the United States in our continuing operations
(33 million). Also, in 2005 capitalized marketing rights for our product
Viadur® were impaired by 15 million. We revised this estimate in
2006 and wrote off the remaining intangible asset of 19 million.
Impairment charges and write-downs in 2006 were predominantly due to further
restructurings of our sites in the United States (14 million), partly related
to acquisitions, as well as changes in plans for the expansion of our chlor-alkali
facilities in Baytown, Texas (31 million). In addition, restructuring efforts
pursued in the year 2006 within the Bayer CropScience subgroup and the Bayer
Industry Services GmbH & Co. ohg resulted in impairment charges and write-downs of
property, plant and equipment of 19 million and 30 million respectively. In
2006 the capitalized costs of an acquired development project for the product alfimeprase within the Bayer HealthCare subgroup were impaired by 41 million.
Within discontinued operations an impairment charge was recognized within the H.C.
Starck group for its battery business in Canada (17 million).
Although we believe that our estimates of the relevant expected useful lives, our
assumptions concerning the macroeconomic environment and developments in the
industries in which the Bayer Group operates, and our estimations of the
discounted future cash flows, are appropriate, changes in assumptions or
circumstances could require changes in the analysis. This could lead to additional
impairment charges in the future or to valuation write-backs should the trends
expected reverse.
Research and development
In addition to the in-house research and development activities, various research
and development collaborations and alliances are maintained with third parties.
These collaborations and alliances involve provision of funding and/or payments for
the achievement of performance milestones. All research costs are expensed as
incurred. Since development projects are subject to regulatory approval procedures
and other uncertainties, the conditions for the capitalization of development costs
incurred with respect to in-house research and development activities before
regulatory approvals are received are not satisfied, and these costs are also
expensed as incurred. With respect to costs incurred in collaborations and
alliances with third parties, under ias 38 (revised), which entered into effect on
January 1, 2005, milestone payments relating to acquired assets in development must
be capitalized to the extent that they are related to the acquisition of the
related technology rights, even if uncertainties exist as to whether the research
and development will ultimately be successful in producing a saleable product. If
research and development collaborations are embedded in contracts for a strategic
alliance, considerable judgment is involved in determining whether milestone-based
payments reflect the funding of research and development or if they are related to
the acquisition of an underlying compound or other rights. Factors considered in
reaching this determination are (a) the nature of the payment, for example whether
it is related to regulatory approval, a sales target or outsourced research and
development activities, and (b) the relative fair values of the planned research
and development activities compared to the total value of the payment.
|
|
|
122 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Net sales
We recognize revenue for product sales and the rendering of services when:
|
|
the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods are transferred to the customer, |
|
|
|
the company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated
with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold, |
|
|
|
the amount of revenue and costs incurred or to be incurred can be measured reliably, and |
|
|
|
it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the
company. |
At the time revenue is recognized, we also record estimates for revenue
deductions including cash discounts, rebates and product returns. Also, we
record revenues net of items we collect on behalf of third parties, such as
sales taxes and goods and service taxes. We report our net sales after deducting
all sales deductions from our gross revenue.
The majority of our sales deductions are subject to formula-based determination
using factors such as a fixed percentage of the sales volume or gross sales
proceeds. Accordingly, estimates related to sales deductions are predominantly
based on historical experience, specific contractual terms and future
expectations of our sales development in each of our business segments. We believe
that assumptions other than those that we discuss are not reasonably likely to
occur or not applicable to our business. We estimate the potential for future
variability in provisions for anticipated sales deductions to be insignificant
with respect to our reported operating results. We have not made adjustments to
our provisions for rebates, cash discounts or returns for sales made in prior
periods that were material in relation to our income before income taxes in any of
the periods covered by the financial statements included in this annual report.
Provisions for rebates were 1.6 percent of our total net sales in 2006 (2005: 1.4
percent). In addition to rebates, we offer cash discounts for prompt payment in
some countries. Our provisions for cash discounts were less than 0.1 percent of
total net sales as of December 31, 2006 and 2005.
We deduct provisions for returned defective goods or related to contractual
arrangements to return saleable products on the date of sale or at the time when
the amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated. If future product returns
cannot be reasonably estimated and are significant to the sale transaction, both
the recognition of revenues and of the related cost of sales are deferred until an
estimate may reasonably be made or when the right to return the goods has expired.
Provisions for product returns were 0.1 percent of total net sales in 2006 (2005:
0.3 percent).
Some of the Bayer Groups revenues are generated from licensing agreements under
which third parties are granted rights to certain of our products and
technologies. Upfront payments and similar non-refundable payments received under
these agreements are recorded as other liabilities and recognized in income over
the estimated performance period stipulated in the agreement. Milestone payments
linked to the achievement of a significant and substantive technical/regulatory
hurdle in the research and development process, pursuant to collaborative
agreements, are recognized as revenue upon the
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 123 |
achievement of the specified milestone. Revenues are also derived from research
and development collaborations and co-promotion agreements. Such agreements may
consist of multiple elements and provide for varying consideration terms, such as
upfront, milestone and similar payments, which may be complex and require significant analysis by management in order to separate individual revenue components
and recognize them on the most appropriate dates. This may have to be done
partially on the basis of assumptions.
Pensions and other post-employment benefits
Group companies provide retirement benefits for most of their employees, either
directly or by contributing to independently administered funds. The way these
benefits are provided varies according to the legal, fiscal and economic
conditions of each country, the benefits generally being based on the employees
remuneration and years of service. The obligations relate both to existing
retirees pensions and to pension entitlements of future retirees. Group companies
provide retirement benefits under defined contribution and/or defined benefi
t plans. In the case of defined contribution plans, the company pays
contributions to publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a
mandatory, contractual or voluntary basis. Once the contributions have been paid,
the company has no further payment obligations. All other retirement benefit
systems are defined benefit plans, which may be either unfunded, i.e., financed by provisions (accruals), or funded, i.e., financed through pension funds.
Statistical and actuarial methods are used to anticipate future events in
calculating the expenses and liabilities related to the plans. These calculations
include assumptions about the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and
rate of future compensation increases.
The interest rate used to discount post-employment benefit obligations to present
value is derived from the yields of senior, high-quality corporate bonds in the
respective country at the balance sheet date. These generally include aa-rated
securities. The discount rate is based on the yield of a portfolio of bonds whose
weighted residual maturities approximately correspond to the duration necessary to
cover the entire benefit obligation. If aa-rated corporate bonds of equal duration
are not available, a discount rate equivalent to the effective interest rate for
government bonds at the balance sheet date is used instead but increased by about
0.5 to 1.0 percentage point since corporate bonds generally provide higher yields
by virtue of their risk structure.
Determination of the discount rate is also based on a bond portfolio
corresponding to the expected cash outflows from the pension plans. The average
return of this bond portfolio serves as benchmark when determining the discount
rate.
The assumption for the expected return-on-assets reflects a long-term global
capital market return that corresponds to the duration of the pension obligation,
and a diversified investment strategy. The investment policy of Bayer
Pensionskasse is geared toward regulatory compliance and toward maintaining the
risk structure corresponding to the benefit obligations. To this end, Bayer
Pensionskasse has developed a strategic target portfolio commensurate with the
risk profile. This investment strategy focuses principally on stringent
management of downside risks rather than on maximizing absolute returns. In other
countries, too, the key criteria for the funds investment strategies are the
structure of the benefit obligations and the risk profile. Other determinants
are risk diversification, portfolio efficiency and a country-specific and
global risk/return profile capable of ensuring payment of all future benefits.
The expected return is applied to the fair market value of plan assets at each
year end.
|
|
|
124 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Statistical information such as withdrawal and mortality rates is also used in
estimating the expenses and liabilities under the plans. Because of changing
market and economic conditions, the expenses and liabilities actually arising
under the plans in the future may differ materially from the estimates made on the
basis of these actuarial assumptions. The plan assets are partially comprised of
equity and fixed-income instruments. Therefore, declining returns on equity
markets and markets for fixed-income instruments could necessitate additional
contributions to the plans in order to cover future pension obligations. Also,
higher or lower withdrawal rates or longer or shorter life of participants may
have an impact on the amount of pension income or expense recorded in the future.
On December 31, 2006, the present value of our defined benefit obligations for
pensions and other post-employment benefits payable under defined benefit plans
was 16,708 million. Note [25] contains an analysis of the sensitivities of our
defined benefit obligation to a 0.5 percent increase or decrease in any of our
discount rate, projected remuneration increases and projected future benefit
increases and the effects on our results of operations in which these changes would
result. It also sets forth the changes in our accumulated actuarial losses related
to changes in these actuarial parameters.
Environmental provisions
The business of the Bayer Group is subject to a variety of laws and regulations in
the jurisdictions in which it operates or maintains properties. Provisions for
expenses that may be incurred in complying with such laws and regulations are set
aside if environmental inquiries or remediation measures are probable, the costs
can be reliably estimated and no future benefits are expected from such measures.
Our provisions for environmental protection measures amounted to 262 million
on December 31, 2006 and 279 million on December 31, 2005.
It is difficult to estimate the future costs of environmental protection and
remediation because of many uncertainties, particularly with regard to the status
of laws, regulations and the information available about conditions in the various
countries and at the individual sites. Significant factors in estimating the costs
include previous experiences in similar cases, the conclusions in expert opinions
we obtain regarding our environmental programs, current costs and new developments
affecting costs, managements interpretation of current environmental laws and
regulations, the number and financial position of third parties that may become
obligated to participate in any remediation costs on the basis of joint liability,
and the remediation methods which are likely to be deployed. Changes in these
assumptions could impact future reported results. Subject to these factors, but
taking into consideration experience gained to date regarding environmental matters
of a similar nature, we believe our provisions to be adequate based upon currently
available information. There were no significant changes in our assumptions or
estimates that impacted our statements of income in 2005 or 2006.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 125 |
However, given the inherent difficulties in estimating liabilities in the
businesses in which we operate, especially those for which the risk of
environmental damage is relatively greater (CropScience and MaterialScience), it
remains possible that material additional costs will be incurred beyond the amounts
accrued. It is possible that final resolution of these matters may require
expenditures to be made in excess of established provisions, over an extended
period of time and in a range of amounts that cannot be reasonably estimated.
Management nevertheless believes that such additional amounts, if any, would not
have a material adverse effect on the Groups financial position or results of
operations. Further information on environmental provisions can be found in Note
[26.2].
Litigation provisions
As a global company with a diverse business portfolio, the Bayer Group is exposed
to numerous legal risks, particularly in the areas of product liability, patent
disputes, tax assessments, competition and antitrust law, and environmental
matters. The outcome of the currently pending and future proceedings cannot be
predicted with certainty. Thus, an adverse decision in a lawsuit could result in
additional costs that are not covered, either wholly or partially, under insurance
policies and that could significantly impact the business and results of
operations of the Bayer Group. If the Bayer Group loses a case in which it seeks to
enforce its patent rights, a decrease in future earnings could result as other
manufacturers could be permitted to begin to market products that the Bayer Group
or its predecessors had developed.
Litigation and other judicial proceedings as a rule raise difficult and complex
legal issues and are subject to many uncertainties and complexities including, but
not limited to, the facts and circumstances of each particular case, issues
regarding the jurisdiction in which each suit is brought and differences in
applicable law. Upon resolution of any pending legal matter, the Bayer Group may be
forced to incur charges in excess of the presently established provisions and
related insurance coverage. It is possible that the financial position, results of
operations or cash flows of the Bayer Group could be materially affected by the
unfavorable outcome of litigation. Litigation and administrative proceedings are
evaluated on a case-by-case basis considering the available information, including
that from legal counsel, to assess potential outcomes. Where it is considered
probable that a future obligation will result in an outflow of resources, a
provision is recorded in the amount of the present value of the expected cash outflows if these are deemed to be reliably measurable. These provisions cover the
estimated payments to plaintiffs, court fees, attorney costs and the cost of
potential settlements. We have in the past adjusted existing provisions as
proceedings have continued, been settled or otherwise provided further information
on which we could review the likelihood of outflows of resources and their
measurability, and we expect to continue to do so in future periods.
|
|
|
126 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
During 2005, we had operating charges based on our expected payments totaling
336 million related to our rubber- and urethane-related antitrust
proceedings, as well as charges in respect of our Lipobay/Baycol proceedings
(43 million) and our phenylpropanolamine (ppa) proceedings (62
million).
Provisions for litigation-related expenses totaled 434 million on December
31, 2006. During 2006, we recorded 135 million other operating expenses on
the basis of expected payments, which mainly relate to proceedings in connection
with Lipobay/ Baycol (35 million), to patent litigation (24 million) and
to proceedings in connection with former rubber product lines (51 million).
Further details on legal risks and the related effects on our results of
operations are contained in Note [32].
Income taxes
To compute provisions for taxes, estimates have to be made. Estimates are also
necessary to determine whether valuation allowances are required against deferred
tax assets. These involve assessing the probabilities that deferred tax assets
resulting from deductible temporary differences and tax losses can be utilized to
offset taxable income.
Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation of complex tax regulations
and the amount and timing of future taxable income. Given the wide range of
international business relationships and the long-term nature and complexity of
existing contractual agreements, differences arising between the actual results and
the assumptions made, or future changes to such assumptions, could necessitate
adjustments to tax income and expense in future periods. The Group establishes what
it believes to be reasonable provisions for possible consequences of audits by the
tax authorities of the respective countries. The amount of such provisions is based
on various factors, such as experience with previous tax audits and differing
interpretations of tax regulations by the taxable entity and the responsible tax
authority. Such differences of interpretation may arise on a wide variety of issues
depending on the conditions prevailing in the respective Group companys domicile.
On December 31, 2006, net liabilities for current tax payments amounted to 908
million, and net deferred tax liabilities amounted to 3,141 million. We
reversed provisions in our u.s. subsidiary totaling 104 million in 2005 that
related to tax positions taken in periods that were closed with the Internal
Revenue Service.
Further information on income taxes is provided in Note [14].
Acquisition accounting
We account for the acquired businesses using the purchase method of accounting
which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recorded at the
date of acquisition at their respective fair values.
The application of the purchase method requires certain estimates and assumptions
especially concerning the determination of the fair values of the acquired
intangible assets and property, plant and equipment as well as the liabilities
assumed at the date of the acqui-
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 127 |
sition. Moreover the useful lives of the acquired intangible assets, property,
plant and equipment have to be determined. The judgments made in the context of
the purchase price allocation can materially impact our future results of
operations. Accordingly, for significant acquisitions, we obtain assistance
from third party valuation specialists. The valuations are based on information
available at the acquisition date.
Significant judgments and assumptions made regarding the purchase price
allocation in the course of the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
included the following:
For intangible assets associated with products, product related technology, and
qualified in-process research and development (ipr&d) we base our valuation on
the expected future cash flows using the Multi-Period Excess Earnings approach.
This method employs a discounted cash flow analysis using the present value of the
estimated after-tax cash flows expected to be generated from the purchased
intangible asset using risk adjusted discount rates and revenue forecasts as
appropriate. The period of expected cash flows was based on the individual patent
protection, taking into account the term of the products main patent protection
and essential extension of patent protection, as well as market entry of generics,
considering sales, volume, prices, potential defense strategies and market
development at patent expiry.
For the valuation of brands, the relief-from-royalty method was applied which
includes estimating the cost savings that result from the companys ownership of
trademarks and licenses on which it does not have to pay royalties to a licensor.
The intangible asset is then recognized at the present value of these savings. The
brand-specific royalty rates were calculated using a product-specific scoring
model. The corporate brands Schering and Medrad were assumed to have an
unlimited life. (Please note that the rights to the name Schering in the United
States and Canada do not belong to us but to Schering-Plough Corporation, New
Jersey. Schering-Plough Corporation and the company acquired by Bayer in June 2006,
i.e. Bayer Schering Pharma AG [formerly named Schering AG], Berlin, Germany, are
unaffiliated companies that have been totally independent of each other for many
years.) Product brands, however, were assumed to have limited lives depending on
the respective products life cycles. The expected amortization of these assets is
determined on the basis of expected product-specific revenues.
The net carrying amount of acquired intangible assets after a step-up of
11,745 million resulting from the purchase price allocation was 12,042
million as of June 23, 2006. This figure includes 1,191 million for ipr&d
which relates to new compounds development as well as new versions of existing
drugs. The valuation of acquired intangible assets is to a great extent based on
anticipated cash flows. Nevertheless it is not impossible that actual outcomes
could vary significantly from such estimated future cash flows. In particular,
the estimation of discounted cash flows of intangible assets under development and
developed technologies is subject to highly sensitive assumptions, which are
closely
|
|
|
128 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
related to the nature of our pharmaceutical activities and whose changes may have
material consequences such as:
|
|
Outcome of research and development activities regarding compound efficacy, results of clinical trails, etc.; |
|
|
Probability of obtaining regulatory approval in several countries; |
|
|
Long-term sales forecast; |
|
|
Anticipation of selling price erosion rates after the end of patent
protection due to generic competition in the market; |
|
|
Behavior of competitors (launch of competing products, marketing initiatives, etc.). |
Measures pursued in the course of restructuring efforts such as the closing of
facilities or changes in the planned use of buildings, machinery or equipment may
result in shortened useful lives or impairments.
For land acquired in general, the comparison approach was based on the fair market
values of properties situated in locations similar to those of the acquired
properties and utilized for similar purposes. Unitary land values were derived from
public or official sources and expert appraisals such as those made by advisory
committees, contained in market reports or produced by local real estate agents.
For buildings that could be leased, the income approach was predominantly applied,
discounting projected rental charges.
For technical equipment and machinery as well as for other equipment, the indirect
cost approach was applied, utilizing replacement costs. These costs are
depreciated on a straight-line basis over the assets economic useful life
according to an age analysis. Utilization and condition of the related technical
equipment and machinery were reflected by adjustments and deduction for
obsolescence.
The valuation of the patented finished goods on stock at date of acquisition and
work in process was based on the corresponding selling price less estimated costs
of completion or estimated costs to make the sale.
The excess of the purchase price for Schering over the estimated fair values of
the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill amounting to 5,771 million as
of June 23, 2006. The step-ups have led to a corresponding deferred tax liability
of 4,546 million as of June 23, 2006, which will be amortized analogously to
the amortization of the respective assets.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 129 |
6. Segment reporting
In accordance with ias
14 (Segment Reporting), a breakdown of certain data in
the financial statements is given by segment and geographical region. The
segments and regions are the same as those used for internal reporting, allowing
a reliable assessment of risks and returns. The aim is to provide users of the financial statements with information regarding the profitability and future
prospects of the Groups various activities.
As of December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group comprised three subgroups with operations
subdivided into divisions (HealthCare), business groups (CropScience) or business
units (MaterialScience). Their activities are aggregated into the six reporting
segments listed below according to economic characteristics, products, production
processes, customer relationships and methods of distribution.
The subgroups activities are as follows:
|
|
|
Subgroup / Segment |
|
Activities |
|
|
|
HealthCare |
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
Development, production and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals, such as for the treatment of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, cancer and multiple sclerosis, and for contraception. |
Consumer Health |
|
Development, production and marketing of over-the-counter medications, diagnostic products, nutritional supplements for humans and animals, veterinary medicines and grooming products for animals. |
|
|
|
CropScience |
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
Development, production and marketing of a comprehensive portfolio of fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and seed treatment products to meet a wide range of regional requirements. |
Environmental Science / BioScience |
|
Development, production and marketing of a wide range of products for the green industry, garden care, non-agricultural pest and weed control, plant biotechnology, and conventional seeds. |
|
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
Materials |
|
Development, production and marketing of high-quality plastics granules, sheet and film. |
Systems |
|
Development, production and marketing of polyurethanes for a wide variety of applications and of coating and adhesive raw materials; production and marketing of inorganic basic chemicals. |
|
|
|
Effective January 1, 2006, the segment reporting for the Bayer Group was
aligned to the new structure of the Bayer Group. It thus differs from the
presentation used for fiscal 2005. The Pharmaceuticals, Biological Products
segment was renamed Pharmaceuticals as of January 1, 2006, reflecting the
divestment of our plasma business in the United States. The remaining activities of
the former Biological Products division were integrated into the Pharmaceuticals
Division. The newly acquired business of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, is included
in the Pharmaceuticals segment along with our existing pharmaceuticals operations.
The businesses of the Diabetes Care and Diagnostics divisions were previously
combined for reporting purposes, while the Consumer Care and Animal Health
divisions were reported as separate segments. Due to the agreed divestiture of the
Diagnostics Division, the Diabetes Care division was combined with the Consumer
Care and Animal Health divisions to form a new Consumer Health segment in the light
of the similarities in their long-term financial performance and their common
focus on products that can be promoted directly to consumers.
|
|
|
130 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The segment table presents continuing operations only, and thus no longer includes
the Diagnostics Division or the Wolff Walsrode or H.C. Starck business units. The
prior-year figures have been restated accordingly. Details of the discontinued
operations are given in Note [7.2].
The reconciliation eliminates intersegment items and reflects income, expenses,
assets and liabilities not allocable to segments. These include in particular the
Corporate Center, the service companies and sideline operations.
The segment data are calculated as follows:
|
|
The intersegment sales reflect intragroup transactions effected at
transfer prices fixed on an arms-length basis. |
|
|
The gross cash flow comprises income after taxes from continuing
operations, plus income taxes, plus/minus non-operating result, minus income
taxes paid, plus depreciation, amortization and write-downs, minus
write-backs, plus/minus changes in pension provisions, minus gains/plus
losses on retirements of noncurrent assets, plus non-cash effects of the
remeasurement of acquired assets. The change in pension provisions includes
the elimination of non-cash components of the operating result. It also
contains benefit payments during the year. |
|
|
The net cash flow is the cash flow from operating activities as defined in ias 7 (Cash Flow Statements). |
|
|
The capital invested comprises all assets serving the respective segment
that are required to yield a return on their cost of acquisition. Noncurrent
assets are included at cost of acquisition or construction throughout their
useful lives because the calculation of cash flow return on investment
(cfroi) requires that depreciation and amortization be excluded.
Interest-free liabilities are deducted. The capital invested is stated as of
December 31. |
|
|
The cfroi is the ratio of the gross cash flow to the average capital
invested for the year and is thus a measure of the return on capital
employed. |
|
|
The equity items reflect the earnings and carrying amounts of companies
recognized at equity (associates). They are allocated to the segments where
possible. |
|
|
Details of capital expenditures, amortization and depreciation are as
shown in the tables detailing changes in the Groups asset structure. The
effects of the purchase price allocation for Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
are reflected in depreciation and amortization. |
|
|
Since financial management of Group companies is carried out centrally by
Bayer AG, financial liabilities are not allocated directly to the
respective segments. Consequently, the liabilities shown for the individual
segments do not include financial liabilities. |
|
|
The number of employees is reported as full-time equivalents, with part-time
employees included in proportion to their contractual working hours. The
prior-year figures have been restated accordingly. |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 131 |
The table shows the regional breakdown of intangible assets and property,
plant and equipment:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
5,758 |
|
|
|
21,235 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finland |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1,503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
France |
|
|
1,311 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States |
|
|
4,062 |
|
|
|
4,026 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
4,877 |
|
|
|
4,937 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16,009 |
|
|
|
32,901 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7. Changes
in the Bayer Group
7.1 Scope of consolidation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
countries |
|
|
Total |
|
Bayer AG and consolidated companies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Companies included at equity (associates) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in the number of fully consolidated companies in 2006 is
primarily due to the inclusion of 155 Schering group companies since the second
quarter.
Five joint ventures the same number as in the previous year are included by
proportionate consolidation in compliance with ias 31 (Interests in Joint
Ventures). Excluded from consolidation are 103 subsidiaries that in aggregate are
immaterial to the net worth, financial position and earnings of the Bayer Group;
they account for less than 0.3 percent of Group sales, less than 0.7 percent of
stockholders equity and less than 0.4 percent of total assets.
The effect of joint ventures on the Group balance sheet and income statement
is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net assets |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
132 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
While six companies are accounted for by the equity method, 39 associates
of minor importance are stated at cost less impairment charges.
A list of Bayer AGs direct and indirect holdings is published in the electronic
version of the German Federal Gazette. It is also available directly from Bayer AG
on request.
The principal companies consolidated in the financial statements are listed in
the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayers |
|
Company Name and Place of Business |
|
interest |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Business Services GmbH, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience AG, Monheim |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience Deutschland GmbH, Langenfeld |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience GmbH, Frankfurt |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare AG, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. OHG, Leverkusen |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience AG, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Schering GmbH, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin |
|
|
96.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Technology Services GmbH, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Vital GmbH, Leverkusen |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Schering Deutschland GmbH, Berlin |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other European countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Antwerpen Comm.V, Belgium |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Biologicals S.r.l., Italy |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Consumer Care AG, Switzerland |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience France S.A.S., France |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience Limited, U.K. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience S.A., France |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience S.r.l., Italy |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer International S.A., Switzerland |
|
|
99.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Pharma SAS, France |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Polyols S.N.C., France |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Polyurethanes B.V., Netherlands |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Public Limited Company, U.K. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer S.p.A., Italy |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer SP.Z.O.O., Poland |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Quimica Farmaceutica Bayer, S.A., Spain |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
North America |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Corporate and Business Services LLC, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience Inc., Canada |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience LP, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare LLC, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Inc., Canada |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience LLC, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
BAYPO Limited Partnership, U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Berlex Inc., U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Medrad Inc., U.S.A. |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 133 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayers |
|
Company Name and Place of Business |
|
interest |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia/Pacific |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Australia Limited, Australia |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience K.K., Japan |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare Co. Ltd., China |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Korea Ltd., Republic of Korea |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience Limited, Hong Kong |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience Trading (Shanghai) Company Limited, China |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Thai Company Limited, Thailand |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Japan |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Nihon Schering K.K., Japan |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Sumika Bayer Urethane Co., Ltd., Japan |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
Latin America/Africa/Middle East |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer (Proprietary) Limited, South Africa |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Mexico |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer S.A., Argentina |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer S.A., Brazil |
|
|
99.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Türk Kimya Sanayi Limited Sirketi, Turkey |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
Also included in the consolidated financial statements are the following
material associates, which are accounted for by the equity method:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayers |
|
Company Name and Place of Business |
|
interest |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
Lyondell Bayer Manufacturing Maasvlakte VOF, Netherlands |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
Palthough Industries (1998) Ltd., Israel |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
PO JV, LP, U.S.A. |
|
|
43.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
Polygal Plastics Industries Ltd., Israel |
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
The following domestic subsidiaries availed themselves in 2006 of certain
exemptions granted under Sections 264, paragraph 3 and 264 b, No. 4 of the
German Commercial Code regarding the preparation, auditing and publication of
financial statements:
|
|
|
Company Name |
|
Place of Business |
Bayer 04 Immobilien GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer 04 Leverkusen Fußball GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer 04 Mobilien GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Beteiligungsverwaltungsgesellschaft mbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Bitterfeld GmbH
|
|
Greppin |
|
|
|
Bayer Business Services GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Chemicals AG
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience AG
|
|
Monheim |
|
|
|
Bayer Direct Services GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Gastronomie GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Gesellschaft für Beteiligungen mbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare AG
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. OHG
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Innovation GmbH
|
|
Düsseldorf |
|
|
|
Bayer Kaufhaus GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience AG
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience Customer Services GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
|
|
|
134 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Company Name |
|
Place of Business |
Bayer Schering GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Technology Services GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayer Vital GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Bayfin GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Case Tech GmbH & Co. KG
|
|
Bomlitz |
|
|
|
Chemion Logistik GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Drugofa GmbH
|
|
Cologne |
|
|
|
DYNEVO GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
EPUREX Films GmbH & Co. KG
|
|
Bomlitz |
|
|
|
Erste K-W-A Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Euroservices Bayer GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Generics Holding GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
GeWoGe Gesellschaft für Wohnen und Gebäudemanagement mbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
GP Grenzach Produktions GmbH
|
|
Grenzach |
|
|
|
ICON Genetics GmbH
|
|
Munich |
|
|
|
KVP Pharma+Veterinär-Produkte GmbH
|
|
Kiel |
|
|
|
Probis GmbH
|
|
Bomlitz |
|
|
|
Sportrechte Vermarktungs- und Verwertungs-GmbH & Co. oHG
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Travel Board GmbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
Wolff Cellulosics GmbH & Co. KG
|
|
Bomlitz |
|
|
|
Wolff Walsrode AG
|
|
Walsrode |
|
|
|
Zweite K-W-A Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH
|
|
Leverkusen |
|
|
|
7.2 Business combinations and other acquisitions, divestments and
discontinued operations
Acquisitions
are accounted for by the purchase method in accordance with ifrs 3
(Business Combinations), the results of the acquired businesses therefore being
included in the consolidated financial statements as from the respective dates of
acquisition. The purchase prices of acquisitions of companies domiciled outside
the euro zone are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the respective
dates of acquisition.
A total of 15,357 million was spent for acquisitions in 2006. The purchase prices
of the acquired companies or businesses were settled in cash. Goodwill arising on
these acquisitions totaled 5,804 million and is subject to an annual impairment
test.
Acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany
In June 2006, the wholly owned subsidiary Bayer Schering GmbH (at that time Dritte
BV GmbH) acquired a majority interest in Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, which is
included in full in the consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group as
of June 23, 2006. On that date Bayer Schering GmbH held 87.99 percent of the
voting capital of Schering AG. This was preceded by a public takeover offer issued
to stockholders of Schering AG by Bayer Schering GmbH on April 13, 2006. The
European Commission cleared the acquisition on May 24, 2006; approval from the
u.s. antitrust authorities was granted on April 21, 2006.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 135 |
On July 31, 2006, Bayer Schering GmbH and Schering AG, as a dependent company,
concluded a domination and profit and loss transfer agreement, which was approved
by an Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting of Schering AG on September 13, 2006.
This agreement took effect on October 27, 2006 when it was entered in the
commercial register for the headquarters of Schering AG. Schering AG was renamed
Bayer Schering Pharma AG effective December 29, 2006.
By December 31, 2006, Bayer Schering GmbH had raised its holding in the voting
capital of Bayer Schering Pharma AG to 96.24 percent through the addition of
further shares. The shares in Bayer Schering Pharma AG were purchased in tranches
involving total cash outflows of 16,271 million, less total acquisition-related
cash and cash equivalents of 1,025 million. The ancillary costs of the acquisition
amounted to about 71 million.
The Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting of Bayer Schering Pharma AG on January
17, 2007 resolved to squeeze out the remaining minority stockholders. Pursuant to
this resolution, the shares held by minority stockholders will be transferred to
the majority stockholder Bayer Schering GmbH in return for cash compensation of
98.98 per share. Liabilities for anticipated cash compensation payments and
guaranteed dividends to the minority stockholders raise the purchase price by
736 million to 17,007 million.
At the time they were acquired, the activities of Bayer Schering Pharma AG and its
subsidiaries (referred to here collectively as Schering) focused on the areas of
gynecology and andrology, diagnostic imaging, specialized therapeutics, oncology,
and the dermatology business operated by the Intendis group.
In fiscal 2006, Schering contributed 3,082 million to Bayer Group sales. It had
a net negative effect of 119 million on the operating result (ebit) after
integration and restructuring expenses of 179 million and charges of 551 million
from the purchase price allocation. Income after taxes of the acquired business
for the period since the date of first-time consolidation was minus 37 million.
If Schering had already been acquired effective January 1, 2006, the Bayer Group
would have had sales of 31,689 million in 2006. Income after taxes would have
amounted to 1,448 million, taking into account the effects of the revaluation of
acquired assets and the financing costs for the full year. Earnings per share
from continuing and discontinued operations would have been 1.90.
|
|
|
136 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The purchase price allocation to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities at
the date of acquisition is shown in the table. Including the acquired cash and cash
equivalents and the ancillary acquisition costs, it resulted in the net cash outflow shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carry- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ing amount |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
at the date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carry- |
|
|
|
of first- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ing amount |
|
|
|
time con- |
|
|
Fair-value |
|
|
after the |
|
|
|
solidation |
|
|
adjustment |
|
|
acquisition |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired assets and assumed liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
5,407 |
|
|
|
5,771 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets |
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
11,745 |
|
|
|
12,042 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
1,123 |
|
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
1,576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other noncurrent assets |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
837 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
1,685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other current assets |
|
|
1,671 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,671 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pensions and other post-employment benefits |
|
|
(345 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(345 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
(1,078 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
(1,156 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
(243 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(243 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
(690 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(690 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
(4,841 |
) |
|
|
(4,546 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets |
|
|
3,489 |
|
|
|
13,533 |
|
|
|
17,022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase price |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
ancillary acquisition costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities to minority stockholders |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash outflow for the acquisition |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,246 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fair-value adjustment reflects the differences between the previous
net carrying amounts and the respective fair values in the acquirers balance
sheet at the date of acquisition.
The purchase price allocation reflects all information with respect to
revaluation amounts calculated as of the date of acquisition, but has not yet
been completed. Therefore, changes may yet be made in the allocation of the
purchase price to the individual assets.
The goodwill remaining after the purchase price allocation is attributable to a
number of factors. Apart from general synergies in administration processes and
infrastructures, such factors also include significant cost savings in the r&d,
marketing, sales, procurement and production functions. In addition, the
acquisition strengthens the Bayer Groups global market position in the
pharmaceuticals business.
The fair values of the acquired intangible assets are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Company names |
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
|
|
Product-related brand names |
|
|
940 |
|
|
|
|
|
Product-related technologies |
|
|
9,118 |
|
|
|
|
|
IPR&D projects |
|
|
1,191 |
|
|
|
|
|
Software |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 137 |
Company names are not amortized as they have no definite useful life.
Product-related brand names are amortized over average periods of 18 years. The
projected average useful life is 14 years for product-related technologies and 16
years for ipr&d projects. The residual useful life of acquired property, plant
and equipment carried at fair value is determined in accordance with the
principles set forth in Note [4.3]. The amortization of the adjustment for first-time consolidation of inventories is based on inventory turnover of the
respective products. The useful lives and amortization periods are reflected
analogously in deferred taxes.
Other acquisitions
In addition to the acquisition of the majority of the shares of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG, the following significant acquisitions were made in 2006:
Effective January 9, 2006 Bayer Innovation GmbH acquired the biotech company Icon
Genetics AG, Munich, Germany. Icon Genetics discovers innovative methods for the
development and use of engineered plants to produce therapeutically active
substances. The purchase price was 18 million.
On July 6, 2006, Bayer HealthCare llc, u.s.a., acquired Metrika Inc., Sunnyvale,
California, u.s.a., for
57 million. Metrika manufactures and markets the
a1cnow + appliance to monitor long-term blood glucose levels in
diabetics.
These and further smaller acquisitions affected the Groups assets and liabilities
as of the dates of acquisition as shown in the table. Including acquired cash and
cash equivalents, they resulted in the following net outflow:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired assets and assumed liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets |
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Other liabilities |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Purchase price |
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
of which ancillary acquisition costs |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents acquired |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash outflow for acquisitions |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
138 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Acquisitions after the closing date
Between the closing date and the approval of the annual financial statements for
publication, Bayer HealthCare AG, Leverkusen, is expected to acquire the
over-the-counter cough and cold products portfolio of the Topsun Group, Shanghai,
China. The purchase price is approximately 103 million plus contingent payments
of around
19 million
subject to fulfillment of certain performance criteria. The
agreement also comprises the transfer of the Gaitianli manufacturing facility in
Qidong and the national sales force,
and has been submitted to the regulatory authorities for approval. Chief among the
products to be acquired from Topsun is the market-leading White &
Black® brand.
Further,
in October 2006 Bayer MaterialScience agreed to acquire Taiwans
Ure-Tech Group, the largest producer of thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu) in
the Asia-Pacific region.
The transfer of these businesses had not yet taken place by the date on which
these financial statements were approved for publication.
Divestitures
In 2006 the Bayer Group made the following significant divestitures, the
proceeds of which totaled 525 million.
On November 30, 2006 Bayer sold its 49.9 percent interest in the GE Bayer Silicones
joint venture to its partner General Electric. The sale of this interest generated
proceeds of 431 million.
On April 3, 2006, Bayer Diagnostics Manufacturing Limited, Bridgend, u.k.,
divested its production facilities and activities to Kimball Electronics Wales
Limited. The businesses divested comprise the manufacture of appliances for the
diagnostics and diabetes care market.
To strengthen the focus on its core business, the Bayer CropScience subgroup
divested various active ingredients and related rights in its Crop Protection
segment in 2006, including Asulam®, a herbicide that was marketed as
Asulox® and Asilan®. Total proceeds of divestitures by Bayer
CropScience in fiscal 2006 were
47 million.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 139 |
These and additional, minor divestitures affected the Groups assets and
liabilities as of the respective dates of divestiture as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Divested assets and liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other intangible assets |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets and liabilities |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net gain/loss on the divestitures |
|
|
281 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total sale price |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
|
|
Divested cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash inflow from the divestitures |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued operations
On June 29, 2006, Bayer AG concluded an agreement with Siemens AG on the sale of
the diagnostics business. This transaction closed on January 2, 2007.
On November 23, 2006 an agreement was concluded to divest the activities of the
H.C. Starck Group, formerly assigned to the Materials segment, to a consortium
of two financial investors, Advent International and The Carlyle Group. This
business was transferred to the new owners on February 1, 2007.
An agreement was signed on December 18, 2006 to sell the companies of the Wolff
Walsrode group, which operates principally in the field of cellulose chemistry,
to The Dow Chemical Company, u.s.a. Wolff Walsrode also was formerly assigned to
the Materials segment. Pending the approval of the antitrust authorities, the
transfer of this business is expected to take place in the first half of 2007.
The diagnostics activities, H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode are recognized as
discontinued operations in 2006. The corresponding information is provided from the
standpoint of the Bayer Group, not for the purpose of separately portraying either
the discontinued operations or the remaining operations of Bayer.
|
|
|
140 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
On January 28, 2005 the spin-off of lanxess from Bayer AG was entered in the
commercial register and thus took legal effect. In March 2005, the plasma
operations of the Bayer HealthCare subgroup in the United States were divested.
The lanxess and plasma operations were recognized as discontinued operations in
2005.
A breakdown of the results of discontinued operations is given below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lanxess |
|
|
Plasma business |
|
|
Diagnostics |
|
|
H.C. Starck |
|
|
Wolff Walsrode |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net sales |
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,433 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
985 |
|
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
334 |
|
|
|
3,309 |
|
|
|
2,845 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
(345 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(652 |
) |
|
|
(660 |
) |
|
|
(738 |
) |
|
|
(806 |
) |
|
|
(225 |
) |
|
|
(233 |
) |
|
|
(2,051 |
) |
|
|
(1,699 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(370 |
) |
|
|
(394 |
) |
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(542 |
) |
|
|
(490 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(124 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(176 |
) |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General administration expenses |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income (expenses) net |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result (EBIT) |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
(85 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(122 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) after taxes |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current income (loss) before taxes |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
367 |
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(63 |
) |
|
|
(85 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current income (loss) after taxes |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from the sale before taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) from the sale after taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 141 |
The separate asset and liability line items in the balance sheet reflect the following amounts pertaining to the discontinued operations as of
December 31:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostics |
|
|
H.C. Starck |
|
|
Wolff Walsrode |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
383 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
424 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
194 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other noncurrent assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
676 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
506 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
637 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets held for sale and discontinued
operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts payable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
119 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities directly related to assets held
for sale and discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
358 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discontinued operations affected the Group cash flow statements as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lanxess |
|
|
Plasma business |
|
|
Diagnostics |
|
|
H.C. Starck |
|
|
Wolff Walsrode |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Net cash provided by
(used in) operating
activities |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
264 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by
(used in) investing
activities |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(97 |
) |
|
|
(107 |
) |
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by
(used in) financing
activities |
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(246 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(167 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(21 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(297 |
) |
|
|
(96 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and
cash equivalents |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
142 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Notes to the Statements of Income
8. Net
sales
Sales revenues are derived primarily from product deliveries. Total reported
net sales increased by 4,255 million or 17.2 percent from 2005 to 28,956
million. While volumes increased by 1,145 million, or 4.7 percent, adverse shifts
in exchange rates trimmed sales by 47 million, or 0.2 percent. Changes in selling
prices contributed 132 million, or 0.5 percent, to the growth in business.
Portfolio changes boosted sales by 3,025 million, or 12.2 percent.
Portfolio changes led to the following changes in sales compared with the previous year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Schering AG, Berlin, Germany |
|
|
3,082 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,106 |
|
|
|
|
|
Divestitures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cessation of plasma distribution in Canada (divested in 2005) |
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
CropScience active ingredients |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Lanxess sales revenues (January 1-31, 2005) |
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net effect of portfolio changes |
|
|
3,025 |
|
|
|
|
|
Breakdowns of net sales by segment and by region are given in the table in Note [1].
9. Selling expenses
Selling expenses include 594 million in shipping and handling costs in
2006 and 578 million in 2005. They also include advertising and promotion
costs, expensed in the period in which they are incurred. These costs amount to
1,484 million for 2006 compared with 1,206 million for 2005.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 143 |
10. Other operating income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains from sales of noncurrent assets and from divestitures |
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-backs of receivables and other assets |
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reversals of unutilized provisions |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognition of exchange rate hedges |
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous operating income |
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
775 |
|
|
|
730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income for 2006 includes 86 million in connection with the
first-time consolidation of the Schering companies. Total other operating
income is composed of a large number of individually immaterial items pertaining
to subsidiaries. In the previous year it was decided to modify several of
Bayers largest pension plans in the United States, replacing defined-benefit
plans with purely defined-contribution plans. This resulted in one-time income
of 248 million in 2005, which was recognized in miscellaneous operating income.
11. Other operating expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Losses from sales of noncurrent assets and from divestitures |
|
|
(126 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-downs of receivables |
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
|
(138 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses related to significant legal risks |
|
|
(451 |
) |
|
|
(205 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognition of exchange rate hedges |
|
|
(58 |
) |
|
|
(126 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous operating expenses |
|
|
(467 |
) |
|
|
(719 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,267 |
) |
|
|
(1,219 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating expenses for 2006 contain restructuring expenses of 408
million (2005: 162 million), including179 million in connection with
integration of the Schering group. Further details of restructuring expenses
are given in Note [26.3].
Other operating expenses for 2006 also include write-downs on development and
marketing agreements for the drug alfimeprase and the product Viadur®
totaling 60 million. Further details can be found in Note [17]. As a result of a
change in the plan to expand the chlor-alkali production facilities in Baytown,
Texas, u.s.a., a write-down of 31 million on facilities under construction is
recorded under miscellaneous operating expenses, which also include a large number
of individually immaterial items totaling 220 million pertaining to subsidiaries.
In the previous year, miscellaneous operating expenses included 106 million
incurred in connection with the termination of the co-promotion agreement with
GlaxoSmithKline for Levitra®.
|
|
|
144 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
12. Personnel expenses / employees
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wages and salaries |
|
|
4,309 |
|
|
|
5,216 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Social expenses and expenses for pensions and other benefits |
|
|
1,009 |
|
|
|
1,414 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
for defined-contribution pension plans |
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
for defined-benefit pension plans |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,318 |
|
|
|
6,630 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personnel expenses increased by 1,312 million to 6,630 million in 2006
(2005: 5,318 million), with the first-time consolidation of the Schering group
accounting for 805 million. Changes in exchange rates reduced personnel expenses
by 23 million. In fiscal 2005 pension expenses were diminished by one-time
income of 248 million resulting from the modification of pension plans in the
United States.
The personnel expenses shown here do not include the interest portion of
personnel-related provisions (particularly pension provisions), which is included
in the non-operating result as other non-operating expense (see Note [13.3]).
The average number of employees classified by corporate functions is shown in the
table. Employees of the Schering group are included for the first time.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
24,723 |
|
|
|
31,098 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Technology |
|
|
41,757 |
|
|
|
45,076 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development |
|
|
8,125 |
|
|
|
10,356 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General administration |
|
|
7,769 |
|
|
|
10,064 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
82,374 |
|
|
|
96,594 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
trainees |
|
|
2,547 |
|
|
|
2,715 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The employees of joint ventures are included in the above figures in
proportion to Bayers interests in the respective companies. The total number of
people employed by joint ventures in 2006 was 67 (2005: 62).
As of 2006, the number of employees is reported as full-time equivalents, with
part-time employees included in proportion to their contractual working hours.
The prior-year figures have been restated accordingly.
13. Non-operating result
The non-operating result was minus 782 million in 2006 (2005: minus 602
million), comprising equity-method loss of 25 million (2005: 10 million),
non-operating expenses of 1,688 million (2005: 1,224) and non-operating
income of 931 million (2005: 632 million). Details on the individual
categories are provided below.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 145 |
13.1 Income (loss) from investments in affiliated companies net
The income from investments in affiliated companies mainly comprised an
equity-method loss of 55 million (2005: 47 million) from two production joint
ventures with Lyondell and equity-method income of 28 million (2005: 35 million)
received from GE Bayer Silicones prior to the sale of our interest. In addition,
this divestiture contributed 236 million to income from investments in affiliated companies. For further details see Note [7.2].
Further details of the companies included at equity in the group financial
statements are given in Note [19].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss from investments in associates (equity-method loss) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-downs of investments in affiliated companies |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Losses from the sale of investments in affiliated companies |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends from affiliated companies and income from profit and loss transfer agreements |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains from the sale of investments in affiliated companies |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.2 Interest expense net
This item mainly comprises interest expense for financial liabilities, value
adjustments relating to interest-rate hedging transactions, and interest income
from investments. Interest expense of 370 million incurred for financing of
the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, in 2006 is included here.
Finance leases are capitalized under property, plant and equipment in
compliance with ias 17 (Leases). The interest portion of the lease payments,
amounting to 20 million (2005: minus 17 million), is reflected in interest
expense.
Interest expense incurred to finance the construction phase of major
investment projects is not included here. Such interest expense, amounting in
2006 to 12 million (2005: 4 million), is capitalized as part of the cost of
acquisition or construction of the property, plant or equipment concerned,
based on an average capitalization rate of 5 percent (2005: 4 percent).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and similar expenses |
|
|
(909 |
) |
|
|
(1,381 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from other financial assets |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other interest and similar income |
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(338 |
) |
|
|
(728 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.3 Other non-operating expense net
Other non-operating expenses mainly comprise the interest portion of pension and
other personnel-related provisions for the continuing operations amounting to 218
million (2005: 228 million) and commitment fees of 21 million incurred for credit
lines granted in connection with the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany.
|
|
|
146 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest portion of interest-bearing provisions |
|
|
(234 |
) |
|
|
(223 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net exchange loss |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous non-operating expenses |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous non-operating income |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(242 |
) |
|
|
(261 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14. Income taxes
This item comprises the income taxes paid or accrued in the individual
countries, plus deferred taxes.
The breakdown of income taxes by origin is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes paid or accrued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
(143 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
other countries |
|
|
(320 |
) |
|
|
(624 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(463 |
) |
|
|
(763 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from temporary differences |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from tax loss carryforwards |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(75 |
) |
|
|
309 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The reduction in tax expense was principally due to the first-time
recognition of deferred tax assets on loss carryforwards relating to structural
changes in the Bayer Group, which were agreed with the relevant tax authorities.
In fiscal 2006 changes in tax rates decreased deferred tax expense by 1 million
(2005: 2 million).
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are allocable to the various balance
sheet items as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
Deferred |
|
|
|
tax |
|
|
tax |
|
|
tax |
|
|
tax |
|
|
|
assets |
|
|
liabilities |
|
|
assets |
|
|
liabilities |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets |
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
983 |
|
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
5,164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
780 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
936 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
377 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
374 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables |
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other assets |
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension provisions |
|
|
1,522 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
1,431 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other provisions |
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
791 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
726 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax loss carryforwards |
|
|
1,047 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1,217 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation allowances for tax loss carryforwards |
|
|
(261 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(85 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,603 |
|
|
|
3,185 |
|
|
|
4,857 |
|
|
|
7,998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
noncurrent |
|
|
3,443 |
|
|
|
2,365 |
|
|
|
2,989 |
|
|
|
6,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Set-off |
|
|
(2,905 |
) |
|
|
(2,905 |
) |
|
|
(3,652 |
) |
|
|
(3,652 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,698 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
1,205 |
|
|
|
4,346 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Statements of the Bayer
Group 147 |
In 2006, deferred tax assets of 225 million and deferred tax liabilities of
4,113 million relate to changes in the scope of consolidation and acquisitions.
Deferred tax liabilities of 4,546 million were recognized in connection with the
acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. Between the acquisition date and year
end, 213 million in tax impacts related to the amortization was recorded through
the income statement.
Utilization of tax loss carryforwards from previous years diminished the amount of
income taxes paid or accrued in 2006 by 97 million (2005: 96 million).
The value of existing tax loss carryforwards by expiration date is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One year |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Two years |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Three years |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Four years |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Five years and thereafter |
|
|
2,714 |
|
|
|
3,075 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,718 |
|
|
|
3,225 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets of 1,132 million (2005: 786 million) are recognized on
the 2,981 million (2005: 2,031 million) in tax loss carryforwards, including 25
million (2005: 0 million) added as a result of acquisitions without impacting
income. It is considered that sufficient income will be available in the future to
utilize these tax assets. The recognition of these amounts resulted in deferred tax
income of 321 million (2005: 103 million). No deferred tax assets are recognized
on loss carryforwards totaling 244 million (2005: 687 million) that can
theoretically be utilized over more than one year.
Deferred tax assets relating to deductible temporary differences and tax loss
carryforwards are carried at the amount considered sufficiently likely to be
recoverable in the future by offsetting against actual taxable income. In light of
operating losses recently experienced in certain jurisdictions, consideration was
given to the taxable income available to the Group along with prudent and feasible
tax planning strategies. Based on the results of this assessment, valuation
allowances of 85 million for 2006 and 261 million for 2005 were recorded against
deferred taxes relating to loss carryforwards. These valuation allowances relate
primarily to certain types of operating loss carryforwards, capital loss
carryforwards, foreign tax credit carryforwards and charitable contribution
carryforwards.
Deferred taxes have not been recognized for temporary differences of 6,486
million (2005: 4,283 million) relating to earnings of foreign subsidiaries,
either because these profits are not subject to taxation or because they are to
be reinvested for an indefinite period. Deferred tax liabilities of 21 million
are recognized for 686 million in retained earnings available for distribution
at foreign subsidiaries.
If deferred taxes were recognized for the remaining temporary differences, the
liability would be based on the respective withholding tax rates only, taking into
account the German tax rate of 5 percent on corporate dividends where applicable.
|
|
|
148 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The actual tax expense for 2006 is 454 million (2005: 538 million). This figure differs by 241 million (2005: 133 million) from the expected tax expense
of 695 million (2005: 671 million) that would result from applying to the
pre-tax income of the Group a tax rate of 35.1 percent (2005: 35.1 percent),
which is the weighted average of the theoretical tax rates for the individual
Group companies.
The reconciliation of theoretical to actual income tax expense (income) for the
Group is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Theoretical income tax expense (income) |
|
|
671 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
695 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction in taxes due to tax-free income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax-free income from affiliated companies and divestiture
proceeds |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(107 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utilization of off-balance-sheet loss carryforwards |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First-time recognition of previously unrecognized
deferred tax assets on loss carryforwards |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(203 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reversal of tax provisions |
|
|
(104 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase in taxes due to non-tax-deductible expenses |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-downs of investments |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses related to litigation |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other tax effects |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual income tax expense (income) |
|
|
538 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
454 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective tax rate in % |
|
|
28.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15. Income attributable to minority interest
Minority interest in income amounted to 22 million (2005: 21 million),
and minority interest in losses to 10 million (2005: 23 million).
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 149 |
16. Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations
Earnings per share are determined according to ias 33 (Earnings per Share) by
dividing net income by the average number of shares. The number of ordinary shares
to be taken into account for this purpose is increased by those issued for the
capital increase in July 2006 and the potential shares that would be issued upon
exercise of the rights under the mandatory convertible bond issued in April 2006.
The financing expenses for the mandatory convertible bond are added back to net
income. In computing earnings per share, the ordinary shares to be issued upon
exercise of the conversion rights from this bond issue are counted along with the
already issued shares, so basic and diluted earnings per share are identical.
Further information on the capital increase is given in Note [24] and further
information on the mandatory convertible bond is given in Note [27].
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to minority interest |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income attributable to Bayer AG stockholders |
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing expenses for the mandatory convertible bond,
net of tax effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted income after taxes from continuing operations |
|
|
1,376 |
|
|
|
1,586 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted net income |
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,755 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of issued ordinary shares |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
746,456,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potential shares to be issued upon conversion of the
mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,300,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted weighted average total number of issued and
potential ordinary shares |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
791,757,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per share () |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from continuing operations |
|
|
1.88 |
|
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share () |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from continuing operations |
|
|
1.88 |
|
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Under the German Stock Corporation Act, the sum available for payment of the
dividend is determined from the balance sheet profit shown in the annual financial statements for Bayer AG prepared in accordance with the German Commercial
Code.
The dividend paid for the 2005 fiscal year was 0.95 per share, compared with
0.55 for 2004. The proposed dividend for fiscal 2006 is 1.00 per share. Payment
of the proposed dividend is contingent upon approval by the stockholders at the
Annual Stockholders Meeting and has not been recognized as a liability in the
consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group.
|
|
|
150 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Notes to the Balance Sheets
In compliance with ifrs 5 (Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued
Operations), the information in the Notes to the Balance Sheets pertaining to
2006 refers to continuing operations, while that pertaining to 2005 includes the
assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations.
In the tables in the following Notes, the assets and liabilities held for sale as
of December 31, 2006 are shown in the separate line items reclassifications to
current assets (both under gross carrying amounts and under accumulated
depreciation/amortization and write-downs), reclassifications to current
liabilities or allocations to discontinued operations.
17. Goodwill and other intangible assets
Changes in intangible assets in 2006 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and distri- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rights and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade- |
|
|
bution |
|
|
Production |
|
|
R&D |
|
|
advance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
goodwill |
|
|
Patents |
|
|
marks |
|
|
rights |
|
|
rights |
|
|
projects |
|
|
payments |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
1,705 |
|
|
|
2,127 |
|
|
|
880 |
|
|
|
1,990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,108 |
|
|
|
11,433 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
5,804 |
|
|
|
8,880 |
|
|
|
1,666 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,218 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
17,921 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(397 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(313 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(101 |
) |
|
|
(857 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(141 |
) |
|
|
(516 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
8,227 |
|
|
|
10,115 |
|
|
|
3,688 |
|
|
|
818 |
|
|
|
1,994 |
|
|
|
1,317 |
|
|
|
2,039 |
|
|
|
28,198 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and write-
downs, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
735 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
667 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
3,745 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(210 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
(433 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
533 |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
write-downs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-backs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(115 |
) |
|
|
(188 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and write-
downs, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,021 |
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
828 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
1,518 |
|
|
|
4,164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
8,227 |
|
|
|
9,094 |
|
|
|
3,162 |
|
|
|
588 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
1,276 |
|
|
|
521 |
|
|
|
24,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For further information on acquisitions and divestitures, see Note [7.2].
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 151 |
Details of the impairment testing procedure for goodwill are given in Note
[4.5]. The residual carrying amounts of goodwill for the operating subgroups
and reporting segments are shown in the table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharma- |
|
|
Consumer |
|
|
Health- |
|
|
Crop |
|
|
Science, |
|
|
Crop- |
|
|
|
ceuticals |
|
|
Health |
|
|
Care |
|
|
Protection |
|
|
BioScience |
|
|
Science |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, January 1, 2005 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
1,145 |
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
1,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
895 |
|
|
|
897 |
|
|
|
1,165 |
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
1,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
5,772 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
5,796 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
5,727 |
|
|
|
863 |
|
|
|
6,590 |
|
|
|
1,136 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
1,525 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Material- |
|
|
Recon- |
|
|
Bayer |
|
|
|
Materials |
|
|
Systems |
|
|
Science |
|
|
ciliation |
|
|
Group |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, January 1, 2005 |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,866 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,227 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In January 2006, Bayer HealthCare and Nuvelo Inc. concluded a global
development and marketing agreement for the drug alfimeprase. Nuvelo received an
advance payment of 41 million through which Bayer secured the global marketing
rights to this product outside the United States. Accordingly, this amount was
capitalized as an intangible asset at the start of 2006. In December 2006, Bayer
HealthCare and Nuvelo Inc. announced that two phase III clinical studies with alfimeprase had failed to achieve primary and key secondary end-points. As a result,
this asset was written off. In 2006, the 19 million value of the marketing and
commercialization rights to Viadur® was written off, continuing the
action taken in 2005, when a write-down of 15 million was made on intangible
assets related to this product. It has been confirmed that Viadur®
would not have long-term viability in the market.
|
|
|
152 Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Over the next five years, amortization of the intangible assets recognized
in 2006 is expected to be as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated amortization of intangible assets |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
1,324 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
1,495 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
1,416 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
1,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
1,177 |
|
|
|
|
|
Possible future acquisitions and/or divestments of intangible assets are
not taken into account in computing these amounts and may therefore cause them
to vary.
Changes in intangible assets in 2005 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and distri- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
rights and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquired |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade- |
|
|
bution |
|
|
Production |
|
|
R&D |
|
|
advance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
goodwill |
|
|
Patents |
|
|
marks |
|
|
rights |
|
|
rights |
|
|
projects |
|
|
payments |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2004 |
|
|
2,470 |
|
|
|
1,634 |
|
|
|
1,029 |
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
1,933 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,953 |
|
|
|
9,645 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
661 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
1,068 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
2,045 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
(68 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(154 |
) |
|
|
(284 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elimination of accumulated amortization
prior to application of IFRS 3 |
|
|
(643 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(643 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
1,705 |
|
|
|
2,127 |
|
|
|
880 |
|
|
|
1,990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,108 |
|
|
|
11,433 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and
write-downs, December 31, 2004 |
|
|
604 |
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
331 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,441 |
|
|
|
3,693 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(129 |
) |
|
|
(187 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs in 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which write-downs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-backs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Elimination of accumulated amortization
prior to application of IFRS 3 |
|
|
(643 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(643 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated amortization and
write-downs, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
735 |
|
|
|
436 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
667 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
3,745 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
2,623 |
|
|
|
970 |
|
|
|
1,691 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
1,323 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
7,688 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Following the publication of ifrs 3 (Business Combinations) and the revised
standards ias 36 (Impairment of Assets) and
ias 38 (Intangible Assets), goodwill
and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are no longer amortized
as of January 1, 2005 but tested regularly for impairment. There are no
accumulated value adjustments for goodwill. The respective adjustments made in
2005 are shown in the line Elimination of accumulated amortization prior to
application of ifrs 3.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 153 |
18. Property, plant and equipment
Changes in property, plant and equipment in 2006 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in progress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and advance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant |
|
|
Furniture, |
|
|
payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
installations |
|
|
fixtures |
|
|
to vendors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land and |
|
|
and |
|
|
and other |
|
|
and sub-con- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
buildings |
|
|
machinery |
|
|
equipment |
|
|
tractors |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
|
12,913 |
|
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
910 |
|
|
|
22,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
784 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
|
204 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
1,582 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
913 |
|
|
|
1,596 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(165 |
) |
|
|
(264 |
) |
|
|
(204 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(638 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
(467 |
) |
|
|
(1,029 |
) |
|
|
(636 |
) |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
(2,212 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
(795 |
) |
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(262 |
) |
|
|
(469 |
) |
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
|
(59 |
) |
|
|
(860 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
7,267 |
|
|
|
12,514 |
|
|
|
1,566 |
|
|
|
971 |
|
|
|
22,318 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and
write-downs, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
3,857 |
|
|
|
9,156 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
14,476 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(237 |
) |
|
|
(171 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(506 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
(252 |
) |
|
|
(678 |
) |
|
|
(432 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1,362 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and write-downs in 2006 |
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
774 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
1,322 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which write-downs |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-backs |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(117 |
) |
|
|
(313 |
) |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(481 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and
write-downs, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
3,670 |
|
|
|
8,703 |
|
|
|
1,049 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
13,451 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2006 |
|
|
3,597 |
|
|
|
3,811 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
942 |
|
|
|
8,867 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In connection with the closure of the Bayer MaterialScience subgroups
diphenylmethane diisocyanate production facility in New Martinsville, West
Virginia, United States, a write-down of 9 million was recorded for assets that
are no longer required. Further, a change in the plan to expand the chlor-alkali
production facility in Baytown, Texas, United States, resulted in a write-down of
31 million on construction work in process.
Capitalized property, plant and equipment includes assets with a total net value
of 273 million (2005: 316 million) held under finance leases. The gross
carrying amounts of these assets total 780 million (2005: 868 million). These
assets are mainly plant installations and machinery with a carrying amount of
187 million (gross amount: 635 million) and buildings with a carrying amount of
80 million (gross amount: 121 million).
Also included are assets with a carrying amount of 48 million (2005: 202 million)
leased to other parties under operating leases as defined in ias 17 (Leases). The
decline compared with the previous year is mainly due to the divestment of the
Diagnostics business, for which operating leases exist. The gross carrying amount
of assets classified as operating leases was 69 million (2005: 589 million);
their depreciation in 2006 amounted to 5 million (2005: 72 million). However, if
under the relevant agreements the lessee is to be regarded as the economic owner of
the assets and the lease therefore constitutes a finance lease, a receivable is
recognized in the balance sheet in the amount of the discounted future lease
payments.
|
|
|
154 Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Changes in property, plant and equipment in 2005 were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Construction |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in progress |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
and advance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plant |
|
|
Furniture, |
|
|
payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
installations |
|
|
fixtures |
|
|
to vendors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Land and |
|
|
and |
|
|
and other |
|
|
and sub-con- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
buildings |
|
|
machinery |
|
|
equipment |
|
|
tractors |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2004 |
|
|
6,562 |
|
|
|
12,021 |
|
|
|
1,873 |
|
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
20,961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
885 |
|
|
|
1,292 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(176 |
) |
|
|
(304 |
) |
|
|
(239 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(728 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
284 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
(549 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
623 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
7,014 |
|
|
|
12,913 |
|
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
910 |
|
|
|
22,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and
write-downs, December 31, 2004 |
|
|
3,610 |
|
|
|
8,292 |
|
|
|
1,397 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
13,299 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
(148 |
) |
|
|
(270 |
) |
|
|
(211 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(634 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and write-downs in 2005 |
|
|
244 |
|
|
|
757 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1,213 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
write-downs |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-backs |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfers |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and
write-downs, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
3,857 |
|
|
|
9,156 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
14,476 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31, 2005 |
|
|
3,157 |
|
|
|
3,757 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
910 |
|
|
|
8,321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19.
Investments in associates
Changes in the carrying amounts of the Groups interests in associates
included at equity were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, January 1 |
|
|
744 |
|
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other additions |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retirements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(195 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity-method loss after taxes |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amounts, December 31 |
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For strategic reasons, the Bayer MaterialScience subgroup holds or is
responsible for interests in companies that are included at equity in the
consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group. As part of the forward
integration strategy of the Polycarbonates business unit, minority interests in
two Israeli companies were purchased in 1998: a 26 percent interest in Polygal and
a 25 percent interest in Palthough. Both of these companies
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 155 |
manufacture polycarbonate sheets for industrial, agricultural and other uses,
mainly from polycarbonate (Makrolon®) granules supplied by Bayer. Two
members of each companys board of directors are Bayer Group employees.
In 2000, Bayer acquired the polyols business and parts of the propylene oxide (po)
production operations of Lyondell Chemicals. The strategic objective is to ensure
access to patented technologies and safeguard the long-term supply of po, a
starting product for
polyurethane, at reasonable prices. As part of this strategy, two joint ventures
have been established to produce po: po jv Delaware u.s.a. (Bayers interest: 43
percent) and Lyon-dell Bayer Manufacturing Maasvlakte vof, Netherlands (Bayers
interest: 50 percent). The po facility in Maasvlakte near Rotterdam, Netherlands,
which came on stream in 2003, is a world-scale production facility using Lyondells
patented po/sm technology. Both facilities are operated by Lyondell. Bayer benefits from fixed long-term supply quotas/volumes of po based on fixed price
components.
The difference between the equity interest in the underlying net assets of
associates and their at-equity accounting values is 12 million (2005: 12
million). It mainly relates to acquired goodwill.
In 2006 Bayer sold its 49.9 percent interest in the GE Bayer Silicones joint
venture, which had been included in the consolidated financial statements at
equity, to its partner General Electric. The sale of this interest generated
proceeds of
431 million. The divestiture thus contributed a gain of 236 million
to income from investments in affiliated companies.
The following tables present a summary of the aggregated income statement and
balance sheet data for the associates included at equity in the consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aggregated income statement data of associates included at equity |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
1,335 |
|
|
|
1,593 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayers share of net loss |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss from interests in associates included at equity (equity-method loss) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Aggregated balance sheet data of associates included at equity |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
1,478 |
|
|
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
469 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
1,619 |
|
|
|
1,125 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayers share of stockholders equity |
|
|
742 |
|
|
|
507 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net carrying amount of associates included at equity |
|
|
795 |
|
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The item miscellaneous mainly comprises differences arising from adjustments
of data to Bayers uniform accounting policies, purchase price allocations and
their amortization in income, and impairment losses.
|
|
|
156 Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
20. Other financial assets
Other financial assets are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
million |
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
Loans and receivables |
|
|
595 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
pertaining to associates |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available-for-sale financial assets |
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
395 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which debt instruments |
|
|
239 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which equity instruments |
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Held-to-maturity financial investments |
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables from commodity derivative contracts |
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables from other derivative financial instruments |
|
|
242 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables under lease agreements |
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,876 |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
1,495 |
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketable securities and other instruments that were recognized separately
at a total amount of 233 million in 2005, are now reflected in
available-for-sale financial assets.
A vendor loan granted in connection with the sale of Haarmann & Reimer to the
investor eqt in 2002 was repaid by the chemicals group Symrise in the fourth
quarter of 2006, reducing loans and receivables by 220 million.
In 2006,
impairment losses of 2 million (2005: 7 million) were recognized on
loans and receivables and an impairment charge of
22 million (2005: 33 million)
was recognized on available-for-sale financial assets. Write-backs
amounted to 2
million (2005:
3 million) for loans and receivables and 3 million (2005: 2
million) for available-for-sale financial assets.
The available-for-sale financial assets as of December 31, 2006 and December 31,
2005 comprise:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt |
|
|
|
Equity |
|
|
instru- |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
instru- |
|
million |
|
instruments |
|
|
ments |
|
|
instruments |
|
|
ments |
|
Acquisition costs less impairment losses recognized
in the income statement |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value adjustments recognized
in stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
losses |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
gains |
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recognized fair value |
|
|
261 |
|
|
|
239 |
|
|
|
329 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 157 |
Further information on the accounting for receivables from derivative financial instruments is given in Note [30].
Lease agreements in which the other party, as lessee, is to be regarded as the
economic owner of the leased assets (finance leases) give rise to accounts
receivable in the amount of the discounted future lease payments. These
receivables amount to 61 million (2005: 109 million), while the interest portion
pertaining to future years amounts to 10 million (2005: 18 million). The sharp
decline in fiscal 2006 is mainly due to the presentation of the Diagnostics
activities as discontinued operations.
The lease payments are due as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturing in |
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Maturing in |
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receiv- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receiv- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ables under |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ables under |
|
|
|
Lease |
|
|
Interest |
|
|
finance |
|
|
|
|
Lease |
|
|
Interest |
|
|
finance |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
payments |
|
|
component |
|
|
leases |
|
|
million |
|
payments |
|
|
component |
|
|
leases |
|
2006 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
2007 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21. Other receivables
Other receivables, less write-downs of 11 million (2005: 14 million), comprise:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
million |
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
Benefit plan assets in excess of obligations |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payroll receivables |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalties receivable |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest receivable |
|
|
310 |
|
|
|
305 |
|
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
266 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous receivables |
|
|
1,193 |
|
|
|
1,039 |
|
|
|
985 |
|
|
|
859 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,620 |
|
|
|
1,421 |
|
|
|
1,382 |
|
|
|
1,217 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest receivable consists mainly of interest earned or accrued that is
not due to be received until after the balance sheet date.
There were
no other receivables from associates (2005: 7 million).
Miscellaneous
receivables include 160 million (2005: 210 million) in accrued
income, of which 146 million (2005: 193 million) represents current assets.
|
|
|
158 Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
22. Inventories
Inventories comprised:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw materials and supplies |
|
|
902 |
|
|
|
1,004 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work in process, finished goods and goods purchased for resale |
|
|
4,595 |
|
|
|
5,145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advance payments |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,504 |
|
|
|
6,153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Of the inventories totaling 6,153 million as of December 31, 2006
(2005: 5,504 million),
910 million (2005: 814 million) was carried at
fair value less costs to sell.
The changes in the inventory reserve, which are reflected in the cost of
goods sold, were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(311 |
) |
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions expensed |
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
(180 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deductions due to reversal or utilization |
|
|
156 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(340 |
) |
|
|
(311 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 159 |
23. Trade accounts receivable
Trade
accounts receivable as of December 31, 2006 include 5,756 million (2005:
5,162 million) maturing within one year and 46 million (2005: 42 million)
maturing after one year. Of the total,
25 million (2005: 36 million) was
receivable from associates and
5,777 million (2005: 5,168 million) from other
customers.
Changes in write-downs of trade accounts receivable were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
(334 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions expensed |
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deductions due to reversal or utilization |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(334 |
) |
|
|
(305 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24. Changes in stockholders equity
The components of stockholders equity and their changes during 2005 and
2006 are shown in the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
attribut- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
able to |
|
|
Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital |
|
|
Capital |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG |
|
|
attributable |
|
|
Stock- |
|
|
|
stock of |
|
|
reserves of |
|
|
Other |
|
|
stockhol- |
|
|
to minority |
|
|
holders |
|
|
|
Bayer AG |
|
|
Bayer AG |
|
|
reserves |
|
|
ders |
|
|
interest |
|
|
equity |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 |
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
2,942 |
|
|
|
6,020 |
|
|
|
10,832 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
10,943 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spin-off of Lanxess |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,059 |
) |
|
|
(1,059 |
) |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(1,078 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contributions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,304 |
|
|
|
1,304 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
1,292 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
2,942 |
|
|
|
6,265 |
|
|
|
11,077 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
11,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital contributions |
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,173 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,173 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other changes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
|
4,028 |
|
|
|
6,782 |
|
|
|
12,767 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
12,851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The capital stock of Bayer AG totals 1,957 million (2005: 1,870 million) and
is divided into 764,341,920 (2005: 730,341,920) no-par bearer shares. Each share
confers one voting right. On July 6, 2006, 34 million new shares were placed with
German and international institutional investors by means of an accelerated
bookbuilding process. The proceeds of this capital increase were around 1,182
million less
9 million for bank charges. The issue price of the new shares, which carry full entitlement to the dividend for fiscal 2006, was 34.75 per share. The
related 4.7 percent cash increase in the companys capital stock was approved by
the Supervisory Board and implemented on the basis of the authorization granted by
the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 28, 2006 (Authorized Capital II).
|
|
|
160 Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Authorized capital of 465 million was approved by the Annual Stockholders Meeting
on April 28, 2006. It expires on April 27, 2011. It can be used to increase the
capital stock by issuing new no-par bearer shares against cash contributions or
contributions in kind, but capital increases against contributions in kind may not
exceed a total of 370 million. Stockholders must normally be granted subscription
rights. However, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, the Board of
Management is authorized to exclude subscription rights for the stockholders with
respect to any excess shares remaining after rights have been allocated (fractional
amounts) and also to the extent necessary to grant
subscription rights for new shares to holders of convertible bonds or bonds with
attached warrants or mandatory convertible bonds issued by Bayer AG or its Group
companies, who would be entitled to subscription rights upon exercise of the
conversion rights or warrants. In addition the Board of Management is authorized to
exclude stockholders subscription rights, subject to the approval of the
Supervisory Board, in cases where an increase in capital against contributions in
kind is carried out for the purpose of acquiring companies, parts of companies,
participating interests in companies or other assets.
Further authorized capital was also approved by the Annual Stockholders Meeting on
April 28, 2006. The Board of Management is authorized until April 27, 2011 to
increase the capital stock, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board, by up
to a total of 186 million in one or more installments by issuing new no-par bearer
shares against cash contributions. Of this amount, 87.04 million was used for the
capital increase effected on July 6, 2006. The remaining authorized capital thus
stood at 98.96 million on the balance sheet date. Under the resolution adopted by
the Annual Stockholders Meeting, stockholders must normally be granted
subscription rights. However, the Board of Management is authorized to exclude
subscription rights for stockholders with respect to one or more capital increases
out of the Authorized Capital ii, subject to the approval of the Supervisory Board,
provided that such capital increase does not exceed 10 percent of the capital stock
existing at the time this authorization becomes effective or the time this
authorization is exercised, for purposes of issuing new shares against cash
contributions at a price that is not significantly below the market price of
shares in the company that are already listed on the stock exchange at the time the
issue price is finally determined. Shares acquired on the basis of an
authorization of the Stockholders Meeting and sold pursuant to Section 71,
Paragraph 1, No. 8, Sentence 5 of the German Stock Corporation Act in conjunction
with Section 186, Paragraph 3, Sentence 4 of that Act during the term of this
authorization shall count toward the above 10 percent limit. Shares issued or to be
issued to service bonds with conversion rights, attached warrants or mandatory
conversion rights shall also count toward this limit where such bonds were issued
during the term of this authorization and stockholders subscription rights were
excluded by application of Section 186, Paragraph 3, Sentence 4 of the German Stock
Corporation Act.
Conditional capital of 186.88 million, corresponding to 73,000,000 shares, exists
to service the conversion rights contained in a mandatory convertible bond issued
by Bayer Capital Corporation B.V. on April 6, 2006.
The components of stockholders equity and their changes during 2005 and 2006
are shown in the following table.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 161 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retained earnings |
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair-value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revaluation |
|
|
retained |
|
|
Net |
|
|
Exchange |
|
|
measurement |
|
|
Cash flow |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
surplus |
|
|
earnings |
|
|
income |
|
|
differences |
|
|
of securities |
|
|
hedges |
|
|
reserves |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
7,235 |
|
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
(2,003 |
) |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
6,020 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spin-off of Lanxess |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,438 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,059 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in stockholders equity not
recognized in net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair value of securities
and cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in actuarial gains/losses
on defined benefit obligations for
pensions and other post-employment
benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,207 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,207 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences on translation of
operations outside the euro zone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
849 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes on valuation adjustments
offset directly against stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other changes in stockholders equity |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer of changes recognized in income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
5,064 |
|
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
(775 |
) |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
5,070 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
(283 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
(685 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes
in stockholders equity recognized in net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
5,347 |
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
(775 |
) |
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
6,265 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in stockholders equity not
recognized in net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair value of securities
and cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(59 |
) |
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in actuarial gains/losses
on defined benefit obligations for
pensions and other post-employment
benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences on translation of
operations outside the euro zone |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes on valuation adjustments
offset directly against stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
(148 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other changes in stockholders equity |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transfer of changes recognized in income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
5,633 |
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
(1,495 |
) |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
5,793 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(694 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(694 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to retained earnings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
(903 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
903 |
|
|
|
(1,597 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(694 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in stockholders equity
recognized in net income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
6,536 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
(1,495 |
) |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
6,782 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
162 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The effect of the revaluation of assets relating to acquisitions
made in
stages is recognized in equity in compliance with
ifrs 3 (Business Combinations).
If an enterprise is acquired in several stages, all assets and liabilities of the
company have to be completely revalued on the date on which the acquiring company
gains control and recognized at fair value. If the new fair value of the assets
already held by the acquiring company exceeds their carrying amount, the carrying
amount must be increased accordingly. This adjustment is recognized in a separate
equity item (revaluation surplus) and thus has no effect on net income. The
revaluation surplus of 62 million reported under
stockholders equity in 2005
was entirely due to the acquisition of the remaining 50 percent interest in an
otc joint venture with Roche in the United States that was established in 1996 .
In 2006 the 4 million portion of the revaluation surplus that
relates to
scheduled amortization/depreciation of the respective assets was transferred to
retained earnings.
The retained earnings contain prior years undistributed
income of consolidated
companies.
Under
ias 19 (Employee Benefits), which contains an option for
the accounting
treatment of actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit plans, all such
gains and losses are recognized in the retained earnings of the Bayer Group.
Changes in fair values of cash flow hedges and available-for-sale financial
assets are recognized in other comprehensive income.
The components of third-party minority interests in Group equity
and their
changes during 2006 and 2005 are shown in the following table.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity attributable to |
|
|
|
minority interest |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
January 1 |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spin-off of Lanxess |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in stockholders equity not recognized in net
income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in fair value of securities and cash flow hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in actuarial gains/losses on defined benefit obligations
for pensions
and other post-employment benefits |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences on translation of operations outside the euro
zone |
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes on valuation adjustments offset directly against
stockholders
equity |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other changes in stockholders equity |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend payments |
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to retained earnings |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in stockholders equity recognized in net
income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority stockholders interest mainly comprises third
parties shares in
the equity of the consolidated subsidiaries Sumika Bayer Urethane Co. Ltd.,
Japan; Bayer CropScience Limited, India; Bayer Polymers Co., Ltd., China;
Berlimed, S.A., Spain; Bayer CropScience Nufarm Ltd., United Kingdom; Justesa
Imagen, S.A., Spain; and Bayer Diagnostics India Limited, India.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 163 |
25. Provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits
The provisions for pensions and other post-employment benefits
are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pensions |
|
|
ment benefits |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Germany |
|
|
5,657 |
|
|
|
5,304 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
5,815 |
|
|
|
5,443 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
832 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
527 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
1,359 |
|
|
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
6,489 |
|
|
|
5,891 |
|
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
7,174 |
|
|
|
6,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Group companies provide retirement benefits for most of their
employees,
either directly or by contributing to independently administered funds. The way
these benefits are provided varies according to the legal, fiscal and
economic conditions of each country, the benefits generally being based on the
employees remuneration and years of service. The obligations relate both to
existing retirees pensions and to pension entitlements of future retirees.
Group companies provide retirement benefits under defined contribution
and/or defined benefit plans.
In the case of defined contribution plans, the company pays
contributions to
publicly or privately administered pension insurance plans on a mandatory,
contractual or voluntary basis. Once the contributions have been paid, the
company has no further payment obligations.
The regular contributions constitute expenses for the year in
which they are due
and as such are included in the functional cost items, and thus in the operating
result (ebit) . In 2006, these expenses totaled 392 million
(2005: 320
million). All other retirement benefit plans are defined benefit plans,
which may be either unfunded, i.e. financed by provisions (accruals), or funded,
i.e. financed through pension funds.
All income and expenses relating to funded defined benefit
plans apart from
interest cost and the expected return on plan assets are recognized in the Group
operating result (ebit) . Interest cost and the expected return on plan assets are
reflected in the non-operating result.
Actuarial gains and losses from defined benefit plans and
deductions in
connection with asset limitation are recognized entirely as pension provisions
via the statement of changes in stockholders equity and shown in a separate
statement of recognized income and expense, so they have no impact on profit
or loss.
Early retirement payments and certain other benefits to retirees
are also
included here, since these obligations are similar in character to pension
obligations.
The costs for defined-benefit pension plans for the continuing
and
discontinued operations are comprised as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Current service cost |
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
271 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past service cost |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest cost |
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
696 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected return on
plan assets |
|
|
(237 |
) |
|
|
(270 |
) |
|
|
(237 |
) |
|
|
(262 |
) |
|
|
(474 |
) |
|
|
(532 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan curtailments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(317 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(317 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
(206 |
) |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
164 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Expenses for other post-employment benefit obligations comprised:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Current service cost |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Past service cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest cost |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected return on
plan assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan curtailments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses for pension plans assigned to
assets held for sale in 2006 comprised service cost of
14 million (2005:
14 million), interest cost of
20 million (2005:
21 million) for entitlements earned in previous years, expected
returns on plan assets amounting to 10 million (2005: 9 million) and income
of 37 million (2005: 45 million) from plan curtailments.
The present value of defined benefit obligations is calculated
in accordance
with ias 19 (Employee Benefits) by the projected unit credit method. The future
benefit obligations are valued by actuarial methods on the basis of a prudent
assessment of the relevant parameters. The fair value of plan assets is deducted
from the present value of the obligation for pensions and other post-employment
benefits. The obligations and plan assets are valued at regular intervals of not
more than three years. For all major plans, comprehensive actuarial valuations are
performed annually as of December 31.
The difference between the defined benefit obligation
after deducting the
fair value of plan assets and the net liability recognized in the balance sheet
is attributable to unrecognized past service cost.
Plan assets in excess of the benefit obligation are reflected in
other
receivables, subject to the asset limitation specified in
ias 19 (Employee
Benefits).
Benefits expected to be payable after retirement are spread over
each
employees entire period of employment, allowing for future changes in
remuneration.
Changes in provisions for pensions and other post-employment
benefits were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aquisiti- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ons and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
changes in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassi- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the scope |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
fications to |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as |
|
|
of consoli- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
current lia- |
|
|
Exchange |
|
|
Balance as |
|
|
|
of Jan. 1 |
|
|
dation |
|
|
Additions |
|
|
Utilization |
|
|
Reversal |
|
|
bilities |
|
|
differences |
|
|
of Dec. 31 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
7,174 |
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
497 |
|
|
|
(565 |
) |
|
|
(519 |
) |
|
|
(297 |
) |
|
|
(88 |
) |
|
|
6,543 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
6,219 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1,849 |
|
|
|
(615 |
) |
|
|
(403 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
7,174 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 165 |
In 2005, provisions for pensions and other post-employment
benefits were
influenced mainly by the restructuring of Bayers global pension systems and
especially the modification of several of its largest pension plans in the
United States, replacing defined-benefit plans with purely defined-contribution plans. In 2006 , by contrast, the main impact came from
structural adjustments to the Bayer Groups portfolio. Reclassifications to
current liabilities totaled
297 million, while additions to
provisions as a
result of the acquisition of the Schering group amounted to
345 million. Changes
in value caused by actuarial gains and losses are shown as
reversals or additions.
The status of unfunded and funded defined benefit obligations,
computed
using the appropriate parameters, is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
|
Pension |
|
|
Other post-employment |
|
|
|
obligations |
|
|
benefit obligations |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Defined benefit obligation as of January 1 |
|
|
8,866 |
|
|
|
10,256 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1,703 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Divestitures / changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current service cost |
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest cost |
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee contributions |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan changes |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net actuarial (gain) loss |
|
|
1,160 |
|
|
|
(487 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits paid |
|
|
(436 |
) |
|
|
(489 |
) |
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan curtailments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets / liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(293 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defined benefit obligation as of December 31 |
|
|
10,256 |
|
|
|
11,357 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets as of January 1 |
|
|
4,373 |
|
|
|
4,599 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Divestitures / changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual return on plan assets |
|
|
330 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employer contributions |
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
325 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee contributions |
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits paid |
|
|
(436 |
) |
|
|
(489 |
) |
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets / liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(16 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets as of December 31 |
|
|
4,599 |
|
|
|
6,053 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(5,657 |
) |
|
|
(5,304 |
) |
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrecognized past service cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrecognized transition obligation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset limitation due to uncertainty of obtaining
future benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(5,657 |
) |
|
|
(5,304 |
) |
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prepaid benefit assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment
benefits |
|
|
(5,657 |
) |
|
|
(5,304 |
) |
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(5,657 |
) |
|
|
(5,304 |
) |
|
|
(158 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
166 Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Of the defined benefit obligation for pensions, 5,067 million (2005:
5,516 million) relates to unfunded benefit obligations while
10,638 million
(2005: 9,009 million) relates to funded benefit obligations. Of
the defined
benefit obligation for other post-employment benefits,
328 million (2005:
341 million) relates to unfunded benefit obligations while
675 million
(2005: 695 million) relates to funded benefit obligations.
Of the funded pension plans, total overfunding of individual plans
amounts
to 89 million
(2005: 41 million) while underfunding
amounts to 870
million (2005: 966 million). Similarly, other funded
post-employment
benefit obligations of individual funds are underfunded by 318 million
(2005: 336 million).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
Pension |
|
|
Other post-employment |
|
|
Pension |
|
|
Other post-employment |
|
|
|
obligations |
|
|
benefit obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
benefit obligations |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Defined benefit obligation as of January 1 |
|
|
3,807 |
|
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
724 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
12,673 |
|
|
|
14,525 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
1,036 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
405 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
2,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Divestitures / changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current service cost |
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
271 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest cost |
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
696 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee contributions |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan changes |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(52 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net actuarial (gain) loss |
|
|
262 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
1,422 |
|
|
|
(488 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits paid |
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
|
(211 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(634 |
) |
|
|
(700 |
) |
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan curtailments |
|
|
(317 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
(317 |
) |
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets / liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(155 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(448 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
(89 |
) |
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
(251 |
) |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
(89 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Defined benefit obligation as of December 31 |
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
864 |
|
|
|
14,525 |
|
|
|
15,705 |
|
|
|
1,036 |
|
|
|
1,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets as of January 1 |
|
|
2,841 |
|
|
|
3,485 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
7,214 |
|
|
|
8,084 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Divestitures / changes in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actual return on plan assets |
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
421 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
651 |
|
|
|
537 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan settlements |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employer contributions |
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee contributions |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Benefits paid |
|
|
(198 |
) |
|
|
(211 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(634 |
) |
|
|
(700 |
) |
|
|
(95 |
) |
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current assets / liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(166 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
372 |
|
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets as of December 31 |
|
|
3,485 |
|
|
|
3,804 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
8,084 |
|
|
|
9,857 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(784 |
) |
|
|
(544 |
) |
|
|
(519 |
) |
|
|
(507 |
) |
|
|
(6,441 |
) |
|
|
(5,848 |
) |
|
|
(677 |
) |
|
|
(646 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrecognized past service cost |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrecognized transition obligation |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset limitation due to uncertainty of obtaining
future benefits |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(795 |
) |
|
|
(549 |
) |
|
|
(527 |
) |
|
|
(513 |
) |
|
|
(6,452 |
) |
|
|
(5,853 |
) |
|
|
(685 |
) |
|
|
(652 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet
Prepaid benefit assets |
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment
benefits |
|
|
(832 |
) |
|
|
(587 |
) |
|
|
(527 |
) |
|
|
(513 |
) |
|
|
(6,489 |
) |
|
|
(5,891 |
) |
|
|
(685 |
) |
|
|
(652 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net recognized liability as of December 31 |
|
|
(795 |
) |
|
|
(549 |
) |
|
|
(527 |
) |
|
|
(513 |
) |
|
|
(6,452 |
) |
|
|
(5,853 |
) |
|
|
(685 |
) |
|
|
(652 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 167 |
The Bayer Group has set up funded pension plans for its employees
in
many countries. Since the legal and tax requirements and economic conditions
may vary considerably between countries, assets are managed according to
country-specific principles.
Bayer Pensionskasse VvaG (Bayer Pensionskasse) in Germany is by
far the most
significant of the pension funds. This legally independent fund is a private
insurance company and is therefore subject to the German Law on the Supervision
of Private Insurance Companies. Since Bayer guarantees the commitments of Bayer
Pensionskasse, it is classified as a defined benefit plan for
ifrs purposes.
The fair value of the plan assets includes real estate leased by Bayer which is
recognized at a fair value of 54 million ( 2005: 56 million). Bayer AG has
undertaken to provide profit-sharing capital in the form of an interest-bearing
loan totaling 150 million for the Bayer Pensionskasse. The
entire amount was
drawn as of December 31, 2005 and 2006.
The investment policy of Bayer Pensionskasse is geared to
compliance with
regulatory provisions and to the risk structure resulting from its obligations.
In light of capital market movements, Bayer Pensionskasse has therefore
developed a strategic target investment portfolio aligned to its risk structure.
Its investment strategy focuses principally on stringent management of downside
risks rather than on maximizing absolute returns. It is anticipated that this
investment policy can generate a return that enables it to meet its long-term
commitments.
A large proportion of the benefit obligations of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG,
Berlin, Germany, which was acquired during the year, are covered by Schering
Altersversorgung Treuhand Verein. Its investment strategy allows the use of
derivatives; all currency risks are fully hedged. A risk management system
simulates worst case scenarios for defined portfolios on the basis of
historical price data.
For plan assets in other countries, too, the key investment
strategy criteria are
the structure of the benefit obligations and the risk profile. Other
determinants are risk diversification, portfolio efficiency and a
country-specific and global balance of opportunity and risk capable of ensuring
the payment of all future benefits.
At year end, plan assets to cover pension obligations were
allocated as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan assets as of December 31 |
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Target |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Target |
|
% |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
for 2007 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
for 2007 |
|
Equity securities (directly held) |
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
13.36 |
|
|
|
13.10 |
|
|
|
50.98 |
|
|
|
50.84 |
|
|
|
49.09 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt securities |
|
|
53.75 |
|
|
|
41.68 |
|
|
|
42.14 |
|
|
|
41.26 |
|
|
|
40.46 |
|
|
|
41.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special securities funds |
|
|
25.65 |
|
|
|
26.13 |
|
|
|
22.62 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate and special real
estate funds |
|
|
12.13 |
|
|
|
8.92 |
|
|
|
12.92 |
|
|
|
1.58 |
|
|
|
3.03 |
|
|
|
3.14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
8.43 |
|
|
|
9.91 |
|
|
|
9.22 |
|
|
|
6.18 |
|
|
|
5.66 |
|
|
|
6.52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
168 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Obligations in Germany to pay early retirement benefits are
funded entirely by provisions.
At year end, plan assets to cover other post-employment benefit
obligations
were allocated as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plan assets as of December 31 |
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Target |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Target |
|
% |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
for
2007 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
for
2007 |
|
Equity securities (directly held) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56.10 |
|
|
|
56.80 |
|
|
|
53.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Debt securities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35.40 |
|
|
|
35.30 |
|
|
|
35.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special securities funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate and special real
estate funds |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.50 |
|
|
|
7.90 |
|
|
|
12.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the closing dates, plan assets included roughly the same
weightings of
Bayer shares as the major stock indices.
All defined benefit plans necessitate actuarial computations and
valuations. These are based not only on life expectancy and staff fluctuation, but also on the following parameters, which vary from country to
country according to economic conditions.
The weighted parameters used to value pension obligations as of
December 31 of
the respective year were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
% |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
4.25 |
|
|
|
4.60 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
5.65 |
|
|
|
4.60 |
|
|
|
4.90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected future remuneration increases |
|
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
2.60 |
|
|
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
4.10 |
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
2.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected future benefit increases |
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
1.50 |
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
2.45 |
|
|
|
1.45 |
|
|
|
1.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employment benefit
obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
3.25 |
|
|
|
4.30 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
|
|
5.65 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following weighted parameters were used to value the cost of
pensions and other post-employment benefits:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
% |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
5.00 |
|
|
|
4.25 |
|
|
|
5.75 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
5.20 |
|
|
|
4.60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected future remuneration increases |
|
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
4.10 |
|
|
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
2.95 |
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected future benefit increases |
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
2.70 |
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
1.40 |
|
|
|
1.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected return on plan assets |
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
5.25 |
|
|
|
7.50 |
|
|
|
7.50 |
|
|
|
6.35 |
|
|
|
6.10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employment benefit
obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
|
3.25 |
|
|
|
3.25 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
6.00 |
|
|
|
5.40 |
|
|
|
5.65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Expected return on plan assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The expected long-term return on plan assets is determined on the
basis of
published and internal capital market reports and forecasts for each asset class.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements of the Bayer Group 169 |
Altering individual parameters by 0.5 percentage points while
leaving the
other parameters unchanged would impact pension and other post-employment benefit obligations as of year end 2006 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
million |
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in discount rate |
|
|
(771 |
) |
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
(1,044 |
) |
|
|
1,160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in projected future remuneration
increases |
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
(182 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in projected future benefit
increases |
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
(531 |
) |
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
638 |
|
|
|
(562 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employment benefit
obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in discount rate |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Altering individual parameters by 0.5 percentage points while
leaving
the other parameters unchanged would impact pension expense as of year end
2007 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
0.5 per- |
|
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
million |
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
|
increase |
|
|
decrease |
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in discount rate |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in projected future remuneration
increases |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in projected future benefit
increases |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
(32 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in expected return on plan assets |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(48 |
) |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employment benefit
obligations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in discount rate |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in expected return on plan assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions are also set up for the obligations of Group companies,
particularly in the United States, to provide post-employment benefits in the
form of health care cost payments to retirees. The valuation of health care
costs is based on the assumption that they will increase at a rate of 11 percent
(assumption in 2005: 10 percent), which should decline to 9 percent by 2008
(assumption in 2005: 8 percent by 2007 ). The table shows the impact of a one
percentage point change in the assumed rate of cost increases:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase of |
|
|
Decrease |
|
|
|
one per- |
|
|
of one per- |
|
|
|
centage |
|
|
centage |
|
|
|
point |
|
|
point |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact on pension expense |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Impact on other post-employment
benefit obligations |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
170 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The following employer contributions were made in 2006 and 2005,
and are
expected to be made in 2007, in connection with defined benefit obligations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
projected |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
projected |
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
325 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
post-employment
benefit
obligations |
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
371 |
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pensions and other post-employment benefits payable in the future
are estimated
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
post- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
post- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
post- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
employ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
employ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
employ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ment |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ment |
|
|
|
Pension |
|
|
benefit |
|
|
Pension |
|
|
benefit |
|
|
Pension |
|
|
benefit |
|
million |
|
obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
|
obligations |
|
2007 |
|
|
528 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
544 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
739 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
566 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
808 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
609 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
850 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2012 2016 |
|
|
3,378 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1,327 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
4,705 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 171 |
The actuarial gains and losses related to defined benefit
obligations
and plan assets, recognized in a separate statement of recognized income and
expense outside of profit or loss, and the deductions in connection with asset
limitation due to the uncertainty of obtaining future benefits, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
Other countries |
|
million |
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Defined benefit obligation |
|
|
8,099 |
|
|
|
8,866 |
|
|
|
10,256 |
|
|
|
11,357 |
|
|
|
3,746 |
|
|
|
3,807 |
|
|
|
4,269 |
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets |
|
|
4,240 |
|
|
|
4,373 |
|
|
|
4,599 |
|
|
|
6,053 |
|
|
|
2,675 |
|
|
|
2,841 |
|
|
|
3,485 |
|
|
|
3,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funded status |
|
|
(3,859 |
) |
|
|
(4,493 |
) |
|
|
(5,657 |
) |
|
|
(5,304 |
) |
|
|
(1,071 |
) |
|
|
(966 |
) |
|
|
(784 |
) |
|
|
(544 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated actuarial gains (losses) relating
to benefit obligation as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(670 |
) |
|
|
(1,119 |
) |
|
|
(1,682 |
) |
|
|
(2,842 |
) |
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(304 |
) |
|
|
(421 |
) |
|
|
(692 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year due to changes
in actuarial parameters |
|
|
(610 |
) |
|
|
(575 |
) |
|
|
(1,122 |
) |
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
(249 |
) |
|
|
(161 |
) |
|
|
(265 |
) |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year due to
experience adjustments |
|
|
161 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(1,119 |
) |
|
|
(1,682 |
) |
|
|
(2,842 |
) |
|
|
(2,293 |
) |
|
|
(304 |
) |
|
|
(421 |
) |
|
|
(692 |
) |
|
|
(657 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated actuarial gains (losses)
relating to plan assets as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(753 |
) |
|
|
(735 |
) |
|
|
(786 |
) |
|
|
(693 |
) |
|
|
(631 |
) |
|
|
(315 |
) |
|
|
(204 |
) |
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
(154 |
) |
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(735 |
) |
|
|
(786 |
) |
|
|
(693 |
) |
|
|
(846 |
) |
|
|
(315 |
) |
|
|
(204 |
) |
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset limitation due to uncertainty of obtaining
future benefits as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
172 Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
In Germany, no unrealized gains/losses or deductions due to asset
limitation exist in relation to other post-employment benefit
obligations.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other post-employment benefit obligations |
|
|
Pension obligations |
|
|
Other post-employment benefit obligations |
|
|
|
Other countries |
|
|
Total |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Defined benefit obligation |
|
|
886 |
|
|
|
724 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
864 |
|
|
|
11,845 |
|
|
|
12,673 |
|
|
|
14,525 |
|
|
|
15,705 |
|
|
|
1,088 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
1,036 |
|
|
|
1,003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of plan assets |
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
6,915 |
|
|
|
7,214 |
|
|
|
8,084 |
|
|
|
9,857 |
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Funded status |
|
|
(623 |
) |
|
|
(438 |
) |
|
|
(519 |
) |
|
|
(507 |
) |
|
|
(4,930 |
) |
|
|
(5,459 |
) |
|
|
(6,441 |
) |
|
|
(5,848 |
) |
|
|
(825 |
) |
|
|
(622 |
) |
|
|
(677 |
) |
|
|
(646 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated actuarial gains (losses) relating
to benefit obligation as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(768 |
) |
|
|
(1,423 |
) |
|
|
(2,103 |
) |
|
|
(3,534 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year due to changes
in actuarial parameters |
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(71 |
) |
|
|
(859 |
) |
|
|
(736 |
) |
|
|
(1,387 |
) |
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
(71 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year due to
experience adjustments |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(311 |
) |
|
|
(1,423 |
) |
|
|
(2,103 |
) |
|
|
(3,534 |
) |
|
|
(2,950 |
) |
|
|
(222 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
(311 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated actuarial gains (losses)
relating to plan assets as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(1,384 |
) |
|
|
(1,050 |
) |
|
|
(990 |
) |
|
|
(818 |
) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year |
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
248 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
(1,050 |
) |
|
|
(990 |
) |
|
|
(818 |
) |
|
|
(831 |
) |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
) |
|
|
(41 |
) |
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset limitation due to uncertainty of obtaining
future benefits as of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
1,065 |
|
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
1,075 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes due to divestitures and changes
in the scope of consolidation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Newly arisen during the year |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations to discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,065 |
|
|
|
1,067 |
|
|
|
1,075 |
|
|
|
1,065 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 173 |
26. Other provisions
The various categories of provisions changed as follows in 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environ- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personnel |
|
|
mental |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade-rela- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
commit- |
|
|
protec- |
|
|
Restruc- |
|
|
ted com- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscella- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxes |
|
|
ments |
|
|
tion |
|
|
turing |
|
|
mitments |
|
|
Litigation |
|
|
neous |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
803 |
|
|
|
1,485 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
648 |
|
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
4,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
current |
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
837 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
588 |
|
|
|
348 |
|
|
|
3,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope
of consolidation |
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
1,187 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
616 |
|
|
|
1,090 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
3,738 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utilization |
|
|
(488 |
) |
|
|
(1,005 |
) |
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(745 |
) |
|
|
(383 |
) |
|
|
(463 |
) |
|
|
(3,183 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reversal |
|
|
(133 |
) |
|
|
(89 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
(482 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to
current liabilities |
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
(86 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange
differences |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(212 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
1,792 |
|
|
|
262 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
769 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
687 |
|
|
|
5,229 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
current |
|
|
870 |
|
|
|
1,081 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
763 |
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
3,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The expected disbursements out of the provisions recognized in the
2005 and
2006 balance sheets are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Expected disbursements |
|
2005 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
3,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
674 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,349 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Expected disbursements |
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
3,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,229 |
|
|
|
|
|
The provisions are partly offset by claims for refunds in the
amount of
90 million (2005:
116 million), which are recognized as receivables. They
relate mainly to environmental measures and to claims out of the provisions for
legal risks. Further details of legal risks are given in
Note [32].
Personnel commitments mainly include annual bonus payments,
vacation
entitlements, service awards and other personnel costs. Also reflected here
are the obligations under the stock-based compensation programs.
|
|
|
174 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
26.1 Stock-based compensation
Stock-based compensation in the Bayer Group is granted primarily
under
standard programs and also on an individual agreement basis.
Individual agreements enable the company to link remuneration
components to
stock price or future stock price trends. Awards under such agreements may be
contingent upon the attainment of agreed targets, or they may be based solely
on length of service.
Standard programs exist for different groups of employees. The
program offered
to members of the Board of Management and other senior executives from 2001
through 2004 was essentially a stock option program with variable stock-based
awards. This program provides for cash payments. Middle managers were offered a
stock incentive program, while other groups of employees were offered a stock
participation program.
A stock-based compensation program for top and middle management
known as
Aspire was introduced in 2005. It comprises two variants, which are described
below. For other managers and non-managerial employees, a stock participation
program has been offered since 2005 under which Bayer subsidizes employee
purchases of shares in the company.
As with other remuneration systems involving cash settlement,
awards to be made
under the stock-based programs are covered by provisions in the amount of the
fair value of the obligations existing as of the date of the financial
statements vis-à-vis the respective employee group. Adjustments to provisions
relating to all existing stock-based compensation programs are recognized in the
income statement.
The table below shows the change in provisions for the various
programs:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Stock Par- |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Option |
|
|
Incentive |
|
|
ticipation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Program |
|
|
Program |
|
|
Program |
|
|
Aspire I |
|
|
Aspire II |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2005 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocations |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utilization |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reversal |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to
current liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2006 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total expenses for stock-based compensation programs in 2006 were
65
million (2005: 51 million), including 51 million (2005: 34 million) for the
Aspire programs and 4 million in subsidies for the 2006
short-term stock
participation program (2005: 2 million in subsidies for the 2005
short-term
stock participation program).
In 2006, provisions of 8 million were recorded in the financial statements at
the fair value of obligations entered into under individual stock-based
compensation agreements. The obligations were measured in the same way as those
incurred under the standard programs. Expenses for individual stock-based
compensation agreements in 2006 were 6 million (2005: 4 million).
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 175 |
The fair value of obligations under the standard stock-based
compensation
programs and individual agreements has been calculated using the Monte Carlo
simulation method and the following key parameters:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Dividend yield |
|
|
2.27 |
% |
|
|
2.29 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate |
|
|
2.92 |
% |
|
|
3.83 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatility of Bayer stock |
|
|
38.00 |
% |
|
|
21.52 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatility of the Euro Stoxx 50SM |
|
|
19.55 |
% |
|
|
13.14 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Correlation between Bayer stock price and
the Euro Stoxx 50SM |
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The expected exercise period is three to five years.
Long-term incentive program for members of the Board of
Management and other senior executives (Aspire I)
To participate in Aspire I, members of the Board of Management and
other senior
executives are required to purchase a certain number of Bayer shares determined
on the basis of specific guidelines and to retain them for the full term of the
program.
A percentage of their annual base salary is defined as a target
for variable
payments (Aspire target opportunity). Depending on the performance of Bayer
stock, both in absolute terms and relative to the euro stoxx 50sm
benchmark index, participants are granted an award of between 0 percent and 200
percent of their individual target opportunity.
Participants may ask for their Aspire award to be paid out in cash
immediately
at the end of the three-year
performance period, or they may convert it into performance units. These can
then be redeemed within a two-year exercise period for a cash payment that
depends on the Bayer stock price on the exercise date.
Long-term incentive program for middle management (Aspire II
)
A variant of the Aspire program with the following modifications
is offered to
middle management:
|
|
No personal investment in Bayer shares is required. |
|
|
|
The amount of the award in relation to the employees personal Aspire target
opportunity is based entirely on the absolute performance of Bayer stock during the
performance period. |
|
|
|
The award varies between 0 percent and 150 percent of the Aspire target
opportunity. |
This
variant of the Aspire program is not linked to the
euro stoxx 50sm index.
Stock Participation Program (2006) for other managers and
non-managerial employees
Under this program, Bayer offered employees the opportunity to
purchase shares at
a discount of 15 percent on the lowest stock price for the day on August 15,
2006. Employees could invest an amount of up to 10 percent of their annual base
salary, but not more than 5,000.
The shares purchased under the 2006 Stock Participation Program
must be held in a
special deposit account and may not be sold prior to December 31, 2007. In 2006,
employees acquired a total of 474,003 Bayer shares under the 2006 Stock
Participation Program, leading to additional compensation expenses in an amount of
3 million.
|
|
|
176 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. ohg (bis), held by Bayer
AG (60 percent) and
by lanxess (40 percent), offered a different stock participation program. bis
offered its managers and non-managerial employees the opportunity to purchase
Bayer shares and lanxess shares in a ratio of 3:2, at a discount of 50 percent
on the lowest stock price for the day on August 14, 2006. The total discounted
purchase of shares purchased by any one manager or non-managerial employee under
this stock participation program was capped at an amount ranging between 600
and 2,000 depending on the contract level of that manager or
non-managerial
employee. The total granted discount per manager or non-managerial employee
ranged between 300 and 1,000.
The shares purchased under the bis stock participation program
must be held in
special deposit accounts and may not be sold prior to December 31, 2008. In 2006, bis managers and non managerial employees acquired a total of 34,512 Bayer
shares under the bis stock participation program, leading to additional
compensation expense for us in an amount of 1 million.
Stock-based compensation programs 2000-2004
The stock-based compensation programs offered to the different
employee groups
in 2000 through 2004 were all similar in their respective structures. Provisions
for the obligations under these programs are recorded in the balance sheet and
recognized in the income statement at fair value. Entitlement to awards under
these programs is conditioned on retention of the Bayer stock designated under
the program for a certain time period.
The following table shows the programs applicable through
December 31, 2004 :
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Stock |
|
|
Stock Par- |
|
|
|
Option |
|
|
Incentive |
|
|
ticipation |
|
|
|
Program |
|
|
Program |
|
|
Program |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
|
2000 |
|
|
2000 |
|
Year of issue |
|
2004 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2004 |
|
Original term in years |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Retention period/distribution
date in years from issue date |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
2/6/10 |
|
|
|
2/6/10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reference price |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Performance criteria |
|
Yes |
|
|
Yes |
|
|
No |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock Option Program (2001-2004)
A maximum personal investment in Bayer stock was defined for each
Board of
Management member or other senior executive who wished to participate in the Stock Option Program.
The Stock Option Program also contains a three-year retention
condition. The
retention period is followed by a two-year exercise period, after which any
option rights not exercised expire. Eligibility to exercise option rights and
the award to which the holder is entitled depend on the absolute and relative
performance of Bayer stock.
For the tranches issued in 2001-2002, every participant received
one option for every
20 shares of their personal investments placed in a special account. Each option
originally could reach a maximum value of 200 shares during the term of the
tranche, depending on the performance of Bayer stock, both in absolute terms and
relative to the euro
stoxx 50sm index.
For the tranches issued in 2003 and 2004, participants received up
to three
options per share for every share of their personal investments placed in the
special account. For each option, a cash payment equivalent to the market
price of one Bayer share and an outperformance premium are awarded at the
exercise date subject to the attainment of certain performance and outperformance
targets, respectively.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 177 |
None of the stock options issued under the 2001 tranche, which
expired on
May 15, 2006, were exercised. Stock options under the 2002 and 2003 tranches where
partially exercised and are currently still exercisable. As of December 31, 2006
their intrinsic value was 4 million.
Stock Incentive Program (2000-2004)
To participate in this program, each participant was required to
deposit shares
with a maximum aggregate value of 50 percent of his or her performance-related
bonus for the preceding fiscal year. The incentive award depends on the number
of Bayer shares deposited at the launch of each tranche and the overall
performance of Bayer stock. The Stock Incentive Program differed from the Stock
Option Program in that participants were permitted to sell their shares during
the term of the program, although any shares sold did not count for purposes of
calculating the incentive awards on subsequent distribution dates. The Stock
Incentive Program runs for a ten-year period, during which there are three
incentive payment dates.
Incentive payments under the program are only made if Bayer stock
has
outperformed the euro stoxx 50sm index on the respective
incentive
payment dates. For every ten Bayer shares originally placed in their special
account and retained until the incentive payment date, participants receive
payments equal to the value of two shares after two years, the value of four
shares after six years, and the value of an additional four shares after ten
years.
Stock Participation Program (2000-2004)
Under the Stock Participation Program, only half as many shares as
under the
Stock Incentive Program are awarded per ten shares deposited, but the award
is not conditioned on any performance criteria.
26.2 Environmental protection
The Groups activities are subject to extensive laws and
regulations in the
jurisdictions in which it does business and maintains properties. Compliance with
environmental laws and regulations may require Bayer to remove or mitigate the
effects of the disposal or release of chemical substances at various sites. Under
some of these laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of
property may be held liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous
substances on, under, or in its property, without regard to whether the owner or
operator knew of, or caused the presence of the contaminants, and regardless of
whether the practices that resulted in the contamination were legal at the time
they occurred. As many of the production sites have an extended history of
industrial use, it is impossible to predict precisely what effect these laws and
regulations will have on the Group in the future.
As is typical for companies involved in the chemical and related
industries,
soil and groundwater contamination has occurred in the past at some of the
sites, and might occur or be discovered at other sites. Group companies are
subject to claims brought by United States Federal or State regulatory agencies
and other private entities and individuals regarding the remediation of sites
that they own, formerly owned or operated, where materials were produced specifically for them by contract manufacturers or where waste from their operations
was treated, stored or disposed of.
|
|
|
178 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
In particular, a potential liability exists under the u.s. Federal
Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, commonly known as
Superfund, the u.s. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act and related state
laws for investigation and remediation costs at a number of sites. At most of
these sites, numerous companies, including Bayer, have been notified that the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state governing body or private individuals
consider such companies to be potentially responsible parties under Superfund or
related laws. At other sites, Bayer is the sole responsible party. The
proceedings relating to these sites are in various stages. In most cases
remediation measures have already been initiated.
Provisions for environmental remediation as of December 31,
2006 amounted to 262
million (2005: 279 million). The material components of the
provisions for
environmental remediation costs primarily relate to land reclamation,
rehabilitation of contaminated sites, recultivation of landfills, and
redevelopment and water protection measures. The provisions for environmental
remediation costs are recorded on a discounted basis where environmental
assessments or clean-ups are probable, the costs can be reasonably estimated and
no future economic benefit is expected to arise from these measures. The above
amount of provisions represents anticipated future remediation payments totaling345 million (2005: 363 million), discounted at risk-free average rates of
between 3.0 percent and 10.0 percent.
These discounted amounts will be paid out over the period of
remediation of the
relevant sites, which is expected to be 40 years. Further information on the
inherent difficulties involved in accurately estimating environmental
obligations is provided in Note [5].
26.3 Restructuring charges
Restructuring charges of 408 million were incurred in 2006 for closures of
facilities and relocation of business activities. At year end, provisions of 196
million existed that are expected to be utilized as the respective restructuring
measures are implemented. The total charges include 149 million
in severance
payments, a total of 87 million in accelerated
amortization/depreciation and
write-downs of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, and 172 million
in other expenses. Most of the charges taken for severance payments and other
expenses in 2006 will lead to disbursements in 2007.
Bayer CropScience introduced a restructuring program, named the
new project, in
August 2006 to optimize cost structures and raise efficiency. Restructuring
expenses of 74 million are recognized for this in 2006,
including 19 million in
write-downs and 22 million in personnel-related expenses. As of
December 31,
2006 provisions for this program amounted to
38 million.
The new
project mainly
affected North America, Japan and Germany, especially through capacity reductions
at the production sites in Kansas City, Missouri, and Institute, West Virginia,
in the United States and concentration of global research activities in the
United States and Japan. In Germany, production plants were closed at the
Dormagen and Griesheim sites.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 179 |
During 2006 the Bayer HealthCare subgroup carried out the decision
taken
in the third quarter of 2005 to relocate the headquarters of its Diabetes Care
Division from Elkhart, Indiana, u.s.a. to Tarrytown, New York, u.s.a. This
resulted in total current expenditures of 14 million in 2006,
comprising moving
costs, refurbishments and expenses for the transformation of the global sales,
marketing and procurement structures. In 2005, a write-off of 12 million was
taken for the buildings in Elkhart used by this division, and provisions of 7
million were recorded for severance payments to employees.
In connection with the closure of the Bayer MaterialScience
subgroups
diphenylmethane diisocyanate production facility in New Martinsville, West
Virginia, u.s.a., a write-down of 9 million was recorded for
assets that are no
longer required. Further expenses of 6 million were recognized
for severance payments and other shutdown expenses.
The human resources function was reorganized effective
October 2006 as part of
our drive to make administrative functions more competitive. Expenses of 27
million were recognized in 2006 for the realignment of the human resources
departments at Group companies and the establishment of an hr Shared Center
Europe in Leverkusen.
Alongside this, the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
necessitates
extensive restructuring measures in connection with the integration process,
both now and in the future, in order to consolidate the Bayer Groups
pharmaceuticals activities and harmonize the operation of this business in the
interests of the entire Group. This includes amalgamating all key functions,
especially research and development, procurement, production, sales, marketing
and administration. The principal integration activities are as follows:
The global research and development activities previously
performed by Bayer
Schering Pharma AG and Bayers HealthCare subgroup at various sites are to be
consolidated at the Berlin and Wuppertal sites in Germany and at Berkeley,
California, in the United States.
Moreover, in most countries the local subsidiaries of Bayer
Schering Pharma AG
will be transferred to the existing Bayer organizations. The field forces and
marketing functions of these Bayer Schering Pharma subsidiaries and the
Pharmaceuticals division of Bayer HealthCare will be merged to form local Bayer
Schering Pharma divisions. Detailed plans are currently being drawn up and are
dependent on the progress of the integration process.
The administrative structures of Bayer Schering Pharma AG will be
merged into
the global structures of the Bayer Group. Following its integration into the
Bayer Group, Bayer Schering Pharma AG in common with other Group companies
will utilize the central functions provided by the corporate center of Bayer AG
in its role as holding company for the Group.
Total restructuring expenses for Schering amounted to 179 million in 2006. Of
this, 109 million comprised provisions for measures to be taken
as part of the
restructuring. The restructuring provisions recorded in connection with the
integration of the Schering group include severance payments of 85 million and
other charges of 24 million. In addition, the restructuring
measures for Schering
in 2006 resulted in 19 million in accelerated
amortization/depreciation and
write-downs of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment.
|
|
|
180 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
We anticipate further restructuring expenses in the future as the
integration
process proceeds and the related projects are decided upon and implemented.
These costs cannot be quantified accurately at present since they depend on
detailed decisions that have not yet been made. A major part of the expenses for
these projects is likely to be incurred in 2007. At present we assume possible
future restructuring expenses of up to 1 billion for the
restructuring of the
acquired Schering business, but that could increase or decrease depending of
future decisions. Restructuring provisions changed as follows during the year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Severance |
|
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
payments |
|
|
expenses |
|
|
Total |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of January 1, 2006 |
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in the scope of
consolidation |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additions |
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utilization |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reversal |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclassifications to current
liabilities |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange differences |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31, 2006 |
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The other costs are mainly demolition expenses and other charges
related
to the abandonment of production facilities.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 181 |
27. Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities comprise the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
million |
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
Bonds and notes |
|
|
6,953 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
11,852 |
|
|
|
2,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities to banks |
|
|
703 |
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
6,805 |
|
|
|
2,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities under finance leases |
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commercial paper |
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities from derivative financial instruments |
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial liabilities |
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
483 |
|
|
|
573 |
|
|
|
568 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,952 |
|
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
19,801 |
|
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The maturities of financial liabilities were as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Maturing in |
|
2005 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
2,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
262 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
4,249 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,952 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Maturing in |
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
254 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
4,567 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
4,029 |
|
|
|
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
5,841 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,801 |
|
|
|
|
|
As in the previous year, there were no financial liabilities to
associates.
u.s. dollar-denominated financial liabilities amounted to 1.8 billion ( 2005:
1.3 billion) and accounted for 8.9
percent (2005: 15.0 percent) of total financial liabilities. No assets of the
Group are pledged against financial liabilities.
Short-term borrowings (excluding the short-term portion of
debentures) amounted to 2.9 billion (2005: 1.4 billion) with a weighted average interest rate of
3.8 percent (2005: 7.7 percent). The Bayer Groups financial liabilities are
primarily unsecured and of equal priority.
Further information on the accounting for receivables from
derivative financial instruments is given in Note [30].
|
|
|
182 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bonds and notes include the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
interest |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
rate |
|
|
Stated rate |
|
|
|
|
Nominal volume |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.515 |
% |
|
|
5.375 |
% |
|
Eurobonds 2002/2007 |
|
EUR 2,137 million |
|
|
2,098 |
|
|
|
2,137 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.075 |
% |
|
|
6.000 |
% |
|
Eurobonds 2002/2012 |
|
EUR 2,000 million |
|
|
2,104 |
|
|
|
2,010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.155 |
% |
|
|
5.000 |
% |
|
Hybrid bonds 2005/2105 (2015) |
|
EUR 1,300 million |
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
|
1,247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Floating |
|
Floating |
|
Eurobonds 2006/2009 |
|
EUR 1,600 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,596 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.621 |
% |
|
|
4.500 |
% |
|
Eurobonds 2006/2013 |
|
EUR 1,000 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.774 |
% |
|
|
5.625 |
% |
|
Sterling bonds 2006/2018 |
|
GBP 250 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
368 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.541 |
% |
|
|
5.625 |
% |
|
Sterling bonds 2006/2018 (second tranche) |
|
GBP 100 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Floating |
|
Floating |
|
Bonds (private placement) 2003/2006 |
|
EUR 250 million |
|
|
250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Floating |
|
Floating |
|
Bonds (private placement) 2004/2006 |
|
EUR 50 million |
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.502 |
% |
|
|
3.490 |
% |
|
Bonds (private placement) 2004/2008 |
|
EUR 20 million |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.160 |
% |
|
|
0.160 |
% |
|
Bonds (private placement) 2005/2006 |
|
JPY 5 billion |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Capital Corp. B.V. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.117 |
% |
|
|
6.625 |
% |
|
Mandatory convertible bond 2006/2009 |
|
EUR 2,300 million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Corporation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.180 |
% |
|
|
7.125 |
% |
|
Notes 1995/2015 |
|
USD 200 million |
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.670 |
% |
|
|
6.650 |
% |
|
Notes 1998/2028 |
|
USD 350 million |
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.210 |
% |
|
|
6.200 |
% |
|
Bonds 1998/2028 (2008) |
|
USD 250 million |
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
190 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.043 |
% |
|
|
3.750 |
% |
|
Bonds (private placement) 2004/2009 |
|
EUR 460 million |
|
|
456 |
|
|
|
458 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,953 |
|
|
|
11,852 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In July 2005 Bayer AG issued a 100-year subordinated hybrid
bond with an
issue volume of 1.3 billion. This issue matures in 2105 and has
a fixed coupon
of 5 percent in the first ten years. Thereafter, interest is calculated
quarterly at a floating rate (three-month euribor plus 280 basis points). After
the first ten years, Bayer AG has a quarterly option to redeem the bonds at face
value. The issue price was 98.812 percent and interest is paid in arrears.
In May 2006 Bayer AG launched further bond issues under its
multi-currency Euro
Medium Term Note (emtn) program as part of the financing of the acquisition of
Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. The first of these was a three-year floating
rate note in a nominal amount of 1,600 million which bears
interest at 0.225
percent about the 3-month euribor rate. The second issue, which has a face value
of 1,000 million, has a coupon of 4.5 percent and matures
in seven years. A
third bond, denominated in sterling (gbp) was also issued with a face value of
gbp 250 million. A second tranche with a face value of gbp 100 million was
subsequently issued. This bond has a coupon of 5.625 percent and matures in 2018.
The entire issue has been swapped into euros.
In April 2006 Bayer Capital Corp. B.V. issued a subordinated
mandatory
convertible bond with a face value of 2,300 million as part of
the financing of
the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. This issue, which was placed
with institutional investors, carries a 6.625 percent coupon and matures on June
1, 2009. Investors may convert the bond into a variable number of Bayer AG shares
up to the expiration date, depending on the movement of the share price within in
a set band. If the share price exceeds or falls below the band, the bond will be
converted into a fixed number of shares. Conversion is mandatory after three
years.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 183 |
In February 1998 Bayer Corporation issued notes of
us$350 million with a
coupon of 6.65 percent and notes of us$250 million with a coupon of 6.20 percent
to eligible institutional investors. The first of these issues has a maturity
of 30 years. The notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the option of
Bayer Corporation at any time upon not less than 30 but not more than 60 days
notice. The second issue has combined call and put options giving the lead
manager the right to repurchase the notes, and the investors the right to cash
them, after ten years. At that time, the lead manager can reset the interest
rate and remarket the bonds for a further period of 20 years, such that they
would mature in 2028. If investors exercise their put option, the bonds will be
redeemed in 2008. Interest on both issues is paid semi-annually.
The long-term liabilities to banks principally comprise a
syndicated loan of 4
billion in connection with the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. This
credit facility is provided by a syndicate of eleven banks and bears a variable
interest rate (euribor plus a margin based on Bayers credit rating from 2007).
This credit facility has a fixed term until March 2011 but can be repaid in
full or in part at any time on Bayers request.
At December 31, 2006 the Group had approximately 11.7 billion ( 2005: 5.4
billion) of total lines of credit, of which 6.8 billion (2005:
0.7 billion) was
used and 4.9 billion (2005: 4.7 billion) was unused and thus available for
borrowing on an unsecured basis. Liabilities under finance leases are recognized
as financial liabilities if the leased assets are capitalized under property,
plant and equipment. They are stated at the present values of the minimum future
lease payments. Lease payments totaling 486 million (2005: 596 million),
including 102 million (2005: 128 million) in interest, are to be made to the
respective lessors in future years.
Leasing liabilities mature as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
Maturing in |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
|
|
under |
|
million |
|
Lease payments |
|
|
component |
|
|
finance leases |
|
2006 |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
327 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
288 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
596 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
Maturing in |
|
|
|
|
|
Interest |
|
|
under |
|
million |
|
Lease payments |
|
|
component |
|
|
finance leases |
|
2007 |
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
|
Lease payments under operating leases in 2006 amounted to 187
million (2005: 122 million).
|
|
|
184 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
28. Trade accounts payable
Trade accounts are payable mainly to third parties. Trade accounts
payable
as of December 31, 2006 include 2,359 million (2005: 1,973 million) maturing
within one year and 10 million (2005: 1 million) maturing after one year. Of
the total, 39 million ( 2005: 26 million) is payable to associates and 2,330
million (2005: 1,948 million) is due to other suppliers.
29. Other liabilities
Other liabilities are comprised as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which |
|
million |
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
|
Total |
|
|
current |
|
Accrued interest on liabilities |
|
|
424 |
|
|
|
424 |
|
|
|
561 |
|
|
|
561 |
|
|
|
|
Payroll liabilities |
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
|
Liabilities for social expenses |
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
|
License liabilities |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
Advance payments received and drafts
accepted |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
Liabilities from commodity futures contracts |
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
|
Liabilities to minority stockholders |
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous liabilities |
|
|
1,447 |
|
|
|
1,245 |
|
|
|
1,603 |
|
|
|
1,380 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,532 |
|
|
|
2,016 |
|
|
|
3,504 |
|
|
|
3,055 |
|
|
|
|
The total amount includes 561 million (2005: 424 million) in accrued
interest, representing expenses attributable to the fiscal year but not due to
be paid until after the closing date.
Liabilities for social expenses include, in particular, social
insurance
contributions that had not been paid by the closing date.
As in the previous year, there were no other liabilities to
associates.
Miscellaneous liabilities include 421 million (2005: 511 million) in accrued
expenses of which 248 million (2005: 362 million) is current. Accrued
expenses include 47 million (2005: 59 million) in grants and subsidies
received from governments. The amount reversed and recognized income was 15
million (2005: 12 million). The miscellaneous liabilities also
include
guarantees, commissions to customers, and expense reimbursements.
Based on the takeover offer made in connection with the domination
agreement with
Bayer Schering Pharma AG, in the fourth quarter of 2006 an obligation
of 736
million arose toward the remaining minority stockholders to purchase their
minority interest. This is reflected in other current liabilities and not in
equity attributable to minority interest. Liabilities to minority stockholders
also contain lanxess AGs 40 percent share amounting to 20 million in the
capital of Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. ohg . Further information on the
accounting for liabilities from derivative financial instruments is given in
Note [30].
Liabilities
of 392 million (2005: 313 million) were secured, including
3 million (2005: 7 million) by mortgages.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 185 |
30. Financial instruments
30.1 Management of financial and commodity price risks
As a global company, Bayer is exposed in the normal course of
business to
currency, interest rate, procurement market and credit risks that could affect
its net assets, financial position and results of operations. It is company
policy to use derivative financial instruments to minimize or eliminate the
risks associated with operating activities and the resulting financing
requirements. Derivative financial instruments are used almost exclusively to
hedge realized or forecasted transactions. The use of derivative financial
instruments is subject to strict internal controls based on centrally defined
mechanisms and uniform guidelines. The derivatives used are mainly over-the-counter instruments, particularly forward
exchange contracts,
option contracts, interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest-rate swaps,
commodity swaps and commodity option contracts concluded with banks of first-class credit standing.
The various risk classes and risk management systems are outlined
below:
Currency risk
Exposure to currency risk arises mainly when receivables,
liabilities, cash and
cash equivalents or forecasted transactions are denominated in a currency other
than the companys local currency or will be denominated in such a currency in
the planned course of business. The principal currency risks to which the Bayer
Group is exposed involve the U.S. dollar, the British pound sterling and the
euro. Currency risk is monitored and analyzed systematically and is managed
centrally by the central finance department. The scope of hedging is evaluated
regularly and defined in a Directive. Recorded foreign currency operating items
and financial items are normally fully exchange-hedged. The anticipated foreign
currency exposure from forecasted transactions in the next twelve months is
hedged on a basis agreed between the Group Management Board, the central finance
department and the operating units. A significant proportion of contractual and
foreseeable currency risks are hedged through forward exchange contracts,
currency options and currency swaps.
Interest rate risk
An interest rate risk the possibility that the value of a
financial
instrument (fair value risk) or future cash flows from a financial instrument
(cash flow risk) will change due to movement in market interest rates
applies mainly to assets and liabilities with maturities of more than one year.
Such long maturities are only of material significance in the case of financial assets and liabilities. Interest rate risk is analyzed centrally in the
Bayer Group and managed by the central finance department using a mix of fixed
and variable interest rates defined by the management and subject to regular
review. Derivatives mainly interest rate swaps, cross-currency interest-rate
swaps and interest options are employed to preserve the target structure of
the portfolio.
Procurement market risk
The Bayer Group operates in markets in which the prices of raw
material
commodities and products often fluctuate. Such fluctuations can affect business
operations. The procurement departments of the subgroups are responsible for
managing these price risks on the basis of internal directives and centrally
determined limits, which are subject to constant review. Commodity swaps and
commodity options, in particular, are employed to hedge changes in the prices of
crude oil, naphtha and benzene feedstocks and of natural gas. These instruments
are also used in the case of long-term, fixed-price supply contracts.
|
|
|
186 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Credit risk
In the Bayer Group, credit risk arises from the possibility of
asset impairment
occurring because counterparties cannot meet their obligations in transactions
involving financial instruments. Since the Bayer Group does not conclude
master netting arrangements with its customers, the total amounts recognized in
assets represent the maximum exposure to credit risk. To minimize the credit
risk, predefined exposure limits are observed and transactions are only
conducted with counterparties of first-class credit standing.
30.2 Primary financial instruments
The amount of financial liabilities recognized in the balance
sheet is 162
million (2005: 37 million) below their fair value, which is
determined mainly
by discounting future cash flows. The fair value of a primary financial
instrument is the price at which it could be exchanged in a current transaction
between knowledgeable, willing parties in an active market. The remaining
receivables and liabilities and cash and cash equivalents have such short terms
that there is no significant discrepancy between their fair values and carrying
amounts.
30.3 Economic hedges and hedge accounting with derivative
financial instruments
The Bayer Group uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate
the risk of
changes in exchange rates, interest rates and commodity prices. Many
transactions constitute economic hedges but do not qualify for hedge accounting
under IAS 39 (Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement). Changes in
the fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recognized
directly in the income statement: fair value changes on forward exchange
contracts and currency options are reflected in exchange gains and losses,
those on interest-rate swaps and interest-rate options in interest income and expense, and those
on commodity futures and commodity options in other operating income and
expenses. The fair values of derivatives are determined from quoted market
prices or using recognized mathematical valuation methods.
Changes in the fair values of derivative financial instruments
designated as
fair value hedges are recognized along with the underlying transaction.
Changes in the fair value of the effective portion of derivatives
designated as
cash flow hedges are initially recognized not in the income statement, but in
stockholders equity as other comprehensive income. They are released to the
income statement when the underlying transaction is realized. The effects of
hedging forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies and the
effects of commodity hedges are recognized in other operating income and expense
at the date of realization. If a derivative is sold or ceases to qualify for
hedge accounting, the amount reflected in other comprehensive income continues
to be recognized in this item until the forecasted transaction is realized. If
the forecasted transaction is no longer probable, the amount previously
recognized in other comprehensive income is released to the income statement.
The income and expense from the derivatives and the underlying
transactions reflected in the non-operating result are shown separately. Income and expense are
not offset.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 187 |
The fair value of hedged transactions at year end was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
|
|
Notional |
|
|
Positive |
|
|
Negative |
|
|
Notional |
|
|
Positive |
|
|
Negative |
|
million |
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
|
fair value |
|
|
amount |
|
|
fair value |
|
|
fair value |
|
Currency hedging of recorded
transactions |
|
|
4,759 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
(105 |
) |
|
|
10,305 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward exchange contracts |
|
|
3,600 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
8,960 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
FV hedges |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency options |
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cross-currency interest-rate swaps |
|
|
1,115 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
|
1,269 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
460 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
965 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency hedging of forecasted
transactions |
|
|
942 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
(40 |
) |
|
|
1,761 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward exchange contracts |
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
1,761 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Currency options |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate hedging of recorded
transactions |
|
|
11,327 |
|
|
|
174 |
|
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
11,633 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
(157 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps |
|
|
10,327 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
10,633 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
5,533 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
5,708 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate options |
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity price hedging |
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
(209 |
) |
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
(225 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forward commodity contracts |
|
|
416 |
|
|
|
210 |
|
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(70 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commodity option contracts |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
(76 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which FV hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which CF hedges |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
17,493 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
|
(420 |
) |
|
|
24,088 |
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
(415 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which short-term derivative financial
instruments |
|
|
5,443 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
(161 |
) |
|
|
15,484 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for currency hedging |
|
|
4,872 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(155 |
) |
|
|
11,101 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for interest rate hedging |
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,127 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
for commodity hedging |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
(22 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
188 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Fair value hedges
Fair value hedges are used to eliminate the risk of changes in
fair value,
especially on fixed-interest borrowings, by obtaining a variable interest rate.
Essentially these fair value hedges comprise the 2 billion bond
issued in 2002
and the 1.3 billion bond issued in 2005, along with the bond
issued in 2002,
which was partially repurchased in 2005 and has a remaining principal amount of
2.1 billion.
The ineffective portion of fair value hedges amounts to 3 million (2005: 0 million).
As in the previous year, there are no effects resulting from
premature
termination of fair value hedges entered into on the basis of firm
commitments.
Cash flow hedges
Fluctuations in future cash flows from forecasted foreign
currency transactions
are avoided by means of cash flow hedges. Cash flow hedges are also used to
partially limit the risk of fluctuations in future cash flows resulting from
price fluctuations on procurement markets. They relate to planned transactions
or the risk of price fluctuations in procurement transactions with total
notional volumes of 1,761 million and 389 million (2005: 942 million and 465
million), respectively.
Other comprehensive income decreased in 2006 by 43 million (2005: 9 million)
due to negative changes in the fair values of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, while
9 million in expense (2005: 3 million in income) was removed from other
comprehensive income and released to the income statement. The ineffective
portion of hedges totaling 5 million (2005: 6 million) is recognized in income.
An amount of 38 million will probably be reclassified from other comprehensive
income to the income statement within the next twelve months. All forecasted
transactions are considered highly probable.
31. Commitments and contingencies
Contingent liabilities as of December 31, 2006 amounted to
136
million. They result entirely from liabilities assumed on behalf of third
parties and comprise:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuance and endorsement of bills |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guarantees |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other commitments |
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous |
|
|
|
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
177 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contingent liabilities refer to the potential occurrence of future
events
that would create an obligation. Although such events are regarded as
improbable on the reporting date, they cannot be ruled out entirely.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 189 |
Litigation and administrative proceedings are evaluated on a
case-by-case
basis considering the available information, including that from legal counsel,
to assess potential outcomes. Where it is considered probable that a future
obligation will result in an outflow of resources, a provision is recorded in
the amount of the present value of the expected cash outflows if these are
deemed to be reliably measurable. Litigation and other judicial proceedings as a
rule raise difficult and complex legal issues and are subject to many
uncertainties and complexities including, but not limited to, the facts and
circumstances of each particular case, issues regarding the jurisdiction in which
each suit is brought and differences in applicable law. Further details of legal
risks are given in Note [32].
Under the German Transformation Act, Bayer AG and lanxess AG are
jointly and
severally liable for all obligations of Bayer AG that existed on January 28, 2005.
To the extent that certain obligations were not assigned to Bayer AG under the
Spin-off and Acquisition Agreement, dated September 22, 2004, between Bayer AG
and lanxess AG, Bayer AG ceases to be liable for such obligations after a five-year period. The Master Agreement, entered into between the same parties
contemporaneously with the Spin-off and Acquisition Agreement, includes
corresponding indemnification obligations of Bayer AG and lanxess AG. It also
contains provisions dealing with the apportionment of liabilities arising from
product liability claims, environmental claims and antitrust violations as
between the contracting parties.
In addition to provisions, other liabilities and contingent
liabilities, there
are also other financial commitments. Further financial commitments also exist,
mainly under long-term lease and rental agreements.
Minimum non-discounted future payments relating to operating
leases total 559
million (2005: 452 million). The respective payment obligations
mature as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Maturing in |
|
Dec.
31, 2005 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturing in |
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
148 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
559 |
|
|
|
|
|
Financial
commitments resulting from orders already placed under purchase agreements related to planned or ongoing capital expenditure projects total 507 million (2005: 294 million). The increase is principally
attributable to 174
million resulting from the first-time consolidation of the Schering group.
Of these payments, 467 million is due in 2007.
In addition, the Group has entered into research agreements with a
number of
third parties under which Bayer
has agreed to fund various research projects or has assumed other commitments
based on the achievement of certain milestones or other specific conditions.
The total amount of such funding and other commitments is 956 million
|
|
|
190 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
(2005: 562 million). At December 31, 2006, the remaining payments expected to be
made to these parties, assuming the milestones or other conditions are met, were
as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Maturing in |
|
Dec. 31, 2005 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 or later |
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturing in |
|
Dec. 31, 2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
|
|
2011 |
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
|
|
2012 or later |
|
|
307 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
|
|
The rise in financial commitments relating to alliances in the
reporting
year is attributable in part to a development and marketing agreement concluded
in 2006 between Bayer HealthCare and Nuvelo Inc. for the drug alfimeprase, a
cooperation agreement signed in the fourth quarter with Regeneron
Pharmaceuticals on the development and commercialization of a treatment for
severe eye diseases, and the commitments acquired with Schering.
32. Legal risks
As a global company with a diverse business portfolio, the Bayer
Group
(including Bayer Schering Pharma AG, which previously was named Schering AG) is
exposed to numerous legal risks, particularly in the areas of product liability,
competition and antitrust law, patent disputes, tax assessments, and
environmental matters. The outcome of any current or future proceedings cannot be
predicted with certainty. It is therefore possible that legal or regulatory
judgments could give rise to expenses that are not covered, or not fully covered,
by insurers compensation payments and could significantly affect our revenues
and earnings. (Please note that Bayer Schering Pharma AG and Schering-Plough
Corporation, New Jersey, are unaffiliated companies that have been totally
independent of each other for many years. The names Bayer Schering Pharma or
Schering as used in this Annual Report always refer to Bayer Schering Pharma
AG, Berlin, Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
respectively).
Legal proceedings currently considered to involve material risks
are outlined
below. The litigation referred to does not necessarily represent an exhaustive
list.
Lipobay/Baycol: As of February 12, 2007, the number of
Lipobay/Baycol cases
pending against Bayer worldwide was approximately 1,870 (approximately 1,810 of
them in the United States, including several class actions). As of February 12,
2007, Bayer had settled 3,152 Lipobay/Baycol cases worldwide without
acknowledging any liability and resulting in settlement payments of approximately
us$1,159 million. Bayer will continue to offer fair compensation to people who
experienced serious side effects while taking Lipobay/Baycol, on a voluntary
basis and without concession of liability. In the United States, five cases
have been tried to date, all of which were found in Bayers favor.
After more than five years of litigation we are currently aware
of fewer than
20 pending cases in the United States that in our opinion hold a potential for
settlement, although we cannot rule out the possibility that additional cases
involving serious side effects from Lipobay/Baycol may come to our attention. In
addition, there could be further settlements of cases outside of the United
States.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 191 |
In the
fiscal year 2006, Bayer recorded a 35 million charge to the
operating result in respect of settlements already concluded or expected to be
concluded and anticipated defense costs.
Since the existing insurance coverage is exhausted, it is possible
depending on the future progress of the litigation that Bayer could face
further payments that are not covered by the accounting measures already
taken. We will regularly review the possibility of further accounting measures
depending on the progress of the litigation.
A group of stockholders has filed a class-action lawsuit claiming
damages against
Bayer AG and Bayer Corporation and two current and certain former managers. The
suit alleges that Bayer violated u.s. securities laws by making misleading
statements, prior to the withdrawal of Lipobay/Baycol from the market, about the
products commercial prospects and, after its withdrawal, about the related
potential financial liability. In 2005 the court dismissed with prejudice the
claims of nonu.s. purchasers of Bayer AG stock on nonu.s. exchanges. Bayer
believes it has meritorious defenses and will defend itself vigorously.
Cipro®: 39 putative class action lawsuits, one individual lawsuit and
one consumer protection group lawsuit (which has been dismissed) against Bayer
involving the medication Cipro® have been filed since
July 2000 in
the United States. The plaintiffs are suing Bayer and other companies also named
as defendants, alleging that a settlement to end patent litigation reached in
1997 between Bayer and Barr Laboratories, Inc. violated antitrust regulations.
The plaintiffs claim the alleged violation prevented the marketing of generic
ciprofloxacin as of 1997. In particular, they are seeking triple damages under
u.s. law. After the settlement with Barr the patent was the subject of a
successful re-examination by the u.s. Patent and Trademark Office and of
successful defenses in u.s. federal courts. It has since expired.
All the actions pending in federal court were consolidated in
federal district
court in New York in a multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding. In 2005 the
court had granted Bayers motion for summary judgment and dismissed all of
plaintiffs claims in the mdl proceeding. The plaintiffs are appealing this
decision. Further cases are pending before various state courts. Bayer believes
that it has meritorious defenses and intends to defend itself vigorously.
Rubber, polyester polyols, urethane: Proceedings
involving product lines of
the former Rubber Business Group
A number of investigations and proceedings by the respective
authorities in the
u.s. , Canada and the e.u. concerning alleged anticompetitive conduct involving
certain products in the rubber field have been resolved, while others remain
pending. In the United States, Bayer AG has paid fines in two cases on the basis
of agreements reached with the u.s. Department of Justice. In December 2005 , the
e.u. Commission imposed a fine of 58.9 million for antitrust
violations in the
area of rubber chemicals. The respective amount was paid at the end of March
2006. In July and August 2006 the u.s. Department of Justice, the e.u. Commission
and the ccb notified Bayer AG that they had closed the respective epdm
proceedings. In November 2006 the e.u. Commission closed the proceeding related
to br/esbr by imposing fines against several companies and granting full amnesty
to Bayer.
|
|
|
192 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Numerous civil claims for damages including class actions are
pending in the
United States, and proposed class proceedings in Canada, against Bayer AG and
certain of its subsidiaries as well as other companies. The lawsuits involve
rubber chemicals, epdm,
nbr and polychloroprene rubber (cr). Bayer has reached
agreement to settle the bulk of the U.S. actions. The majority of these
agreements have received court approval. These settlements do not resolve all of
the pending civil litigation with respect to the aforementioned products, nor do
they preclude the bringing of additional claims. However, as previously reported,
Bayer has settled the actions which management believes to be material. In
addition, a putative class action against Bayer AG and certain of its
subsidiaries, as well as other companies, recently has been filed alleging
claims of anticompetitive activities involving two additional rubber products,
polybutadiene rubber (br) and styrene butadiene rubber (sbr). Respective
litigation in Europe is likely.
Proceedings involving polyester polyols, urethanes and
urethane chemicals
In Canada an investigation is pending against Bayer for alleged
anticompetitive
conduct relating to adipic-based polyester polyols. In the United States, Bayer
Corporation paid a fine on the basis of an agreement reached with the U.S.
Department of Justice in 2004.
A number of civil claims for damages including class actions have
been filed in
the United States against Bayer involving allegations of unlawful collusion on
prices for certain poly-esterpolyol, urethanes and urethane chemicals product
lines. Similar actions are pending in Canada with respect to polyester polyols.
Bayer has reached agreements or agreements in principle to settle
certain of the
U.S. actions. These agreements or agreements in principle partly remain subject
to court approval. These settlements do not resolve all of the pending civil
litigations with respect to the aforementioned products, nor do they preclude
the bringing of additional claims.
Proceedings involving polyether polyols and other precursors
for urethane end-use products
Bayer has been named as a defendant in multiple putative class
action lawsuits in
the United States and Canada involving allegations of price fixing for, inter
alia, polyether polyols and certain other precursors for urethane end-use
products. In the United States Bayer has settled with a class of direct
purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related systems) representing
approximately 75 percent of the direct purchasers, which settlement has been
approved by the court. The remaining direct purchasers opted out of this
settlement and have the right to bring their own actions. To date no such actions
have been brought. In Canada, the class action lawsuit on behalf of direct and
indirect purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related systems)
continues. In February 2006 Bayer was served with a subpoena from the U.S.
Department of Justice seeking information relating to the manufacture and sale of
this product.
Impact of these antitrust proceedings on Bayer
Excluding the portion allocated to lanxess, the provisions with
respect to the
described civil proceedings were reduced from 285 million in
2005 to 129
million as of December 31, 2006, due to settlement payments.
Bayer will continue to pursue settlements that in its view are
warranted. In
cases where settlement is not achievable, Bayer will continue to defend itself
vigorously.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 193 |
The financial risk associated with the proceedings described
above, beyond
the amounts already paid and the financial provisions already established, is
currently not quantifiable due to the considerable uncertainty associated with
these proceedings. Consequently, no provisions other than those described above
have been established. The company expects that, in the course of the regulatory
proceedings and civil damages suits, additional charges, which are currently not
quantifiable, will become necessary.
Proceedings involving genetically modified rice
Since August 2006, Bayer CropScience ip is party to multiple
lawsuits, including
putative class actions, filed in u.s. federal and state courts by rice farmers
and resellers. Plaintiffs allege that they have suffered economic losses after
traces of the genetically modified rice event llrice 601 were identified in
samples of conventional long-grain rice grown in the u.s. This is alleged to have
led to various commercial damages, including a decline in the commodity price for
long-grain rice, costs associated with restrictions on imports and exports, and
costs to secure alternative supplies. All the actions pending in federal court
were consolidated in December in federal district court in Missouri in a
multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding.
After technological development, llrice 601 had been further
tested in cooperation
with third parties, including a breeding research institute in the u.s. However,
it was never selected for commercialization. The u.s. Department of Agriculture
and the u.s. Food and Drug Administration have stated that llrice 601 does not
pose a health risk and is safe for use in food and feed and for the environment.
In November 2006, the usda advised that it had deregulated llrice 601. The usda is
conducting an investigation in an effort to determine how llrice601 became present
in commercial rice grown in the United States.
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to continue
to defend
itself vigorously. Due to the considerable uncertainty associated with these
proceedings, it is currently not possible to estimate potential liability.
Proceedings involving oral contraceptives
Yasmin®: In April 2005, Bayer
Schering Pharma filed an anda iv suit
against Barr Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Barr Laboratories Inc. in u.s. federal
court alleging patent infringement by Barr for the intended generic version of
Bayer Schering Pharmas Yasmin ® oral contraceptive
product in the
United States. In June 2005 Barr filed its counterclaim seeking to invalidate
Bayer Schering Pharmas patent. This lawsuit is currently in the discovery phase.
yaz®: In January 2007, Bayer
Schering Pharma received notice from Barr
Laboratories, Inc. that it has filed an anda iv application with the u.s. fda
seeking approval of a generic version of Bayer Schering Pharma yaz®
oral contraceptive product. Barr will be prohibited from marketing its generic
version until after expiry in March 2009 of the exclusivity period for marketing
granted by fda .
Bayer highly values its Yasmin® and yaz® oral
contraceptive products and is deeply committed to continuing its leadership
position in oral contraception.
|
|
|
194 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Proceedings involving propylene oxide
In
May 2006 a u.s. arbitration panel issued a final award in
favor of Lyondell
Chemical Co. in respect of a dispute with Bayer over interpretation of their
Joint Venture Agreement for the manufacture of propylene oxide. Bayer is seeking
to vacate the final award, while Lyondell is seeking to confirm the award as
well as obtain pre-award interest. Bayer has established appropriate provisions
in this regard.
In addition to seeking to vacate the final award, in
January 2007 Bayer filed
suit against Lyondell in a
u.s. court of justice seeking equitable reformation
of an agreement and restitution of certain monies paid or, as a result of the final award, allegedly owing by Bayer to Lyondell in connection with the panel
award.
Bayer has separately notified Lyondell of its claim in connection
with
Lyondells affiliate to compensate Bayer for using certain quantities of
propylene oxide from Bayers share of capacity under the Joint Venture. This
dispute is proceeding to binding arbitration.
Proceedings involving syringe injectors and related
products
In November 1998, Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its parent,
Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed suit against Bayer Schering Pharma AGs Medrad subsidiary alleging that some
of Medrads front load syringe injections infringe four patents held by
Liebel-Flarsheim. In October 2005, the court ruled in favor of Medrad. The ruling
stated that the Medrad products would have infringed the patents of
Liebel-Flarsheim if those patents were valid, but then held all four of those
patents to be invalid. Each party is appealing the material portions of the
ruling unfavorable to it. In September 2004 Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its
parent, Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed a second suit alleging that a further product
of Medrad infringes the same group of four patents. Based on the October 2005
decision in the first case the court also dismissed this case in October 2005,
but again each party appealed the material portions of the ruling unfavorable to
it.
The plaintiffs in these cases have also filed two additional
declaratory
judgment actions against Medrad. Medrad separately has brought suit against
Liebel-Flarsheim alleging that a Liebel-Flarsheim mr syringe injector infringes
a patent held by Medrad.
Bayer believes it has meritorious arguments in all proceedings and
intends to
defend itself vigorously against any claim raised.
Patent and contractual disputes
In the
u.s. Abbott has commenced a lawsuit against Bayer and
another party
alleging infringement of two of Abbotts patents relating to blood glucose
monitoring devices. This also relates to Ascensia®
Contour®
Systems which are supplied by a Japanese manufacturer. The manufacturer is
contractually obligated to indemnify Bayer against the potential liability with
respect to this claim, as well as defense costs, and management expects Bayer to
be reimbursed for a substantial portion of all such costs and liability, if any.
Limagrain Genetics Corporation has filed suit against Bayer
as legal
successor to Rhône-Poulenc for indemnity against liabilities to third
parties arising from breach of contract.
In another dispute, Bayer has filed suit against several
companies in the u.s.
alleging patent infringement in connection with moxifloxacin. These companies
are defending the action, claiming, among other things, that the patents are
invalid and not enforceable.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 195 |
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these patent and
contractual disputes and will defend itself vigorously.
Product liability and other litigation
Legal risks also arise from product liability lawsuits other than
those
concerning Lipobay/Baycol. Numerous actions are pending against Bayer seeking
damages for plaintiffs resident outside of the United States who claim to have
been become infected with
Hiv or Hcv (hepatitis c virus) through blood plasma
products. Further actions have been filed by U.S. residents who claim to have
become infected with Hcv.
Bayer, together with other manufacturers, wholesalers and users,
is a defendant
in Alabama, United States, in cases seeking damages, including one u.s.-wide
putative class action, for personal injuries alleging health damages through
exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Mdi) used in coal mines.
Bayer, like a number of other pharmaceutical companies in the
United States, has
several lawsuits pending against it in which plaintiffs, including states, are
seeking damages, punitive damages and/or disgorgement of profits, alleging
manipulation in the reporting of wholesale prices and/or best prices.
The shareholder resolution on the domination and profit and loss
transfer
agreement between Bayer Schering Pharma AG and Bayer Schering GmbH passed at the
Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting held on September 13, 2006 is subject to
legal challenges. Dissenting stockholders are seeking to have the stockholder
resolution set aside or to have it declared null and void. Several stockholders have indicated
proceedings asking the court to review the adequacy of the costs compensation
(Abfindung) and of the guaranteed dividend (Ausgleich). Bayer Schering GmbH has
commenced special proceedings (Freigabever-fahren) to obtain a judgment that the
stockholder actions do not prevent registration of the domination and profit
and loss transfer agreement and that any defects of the stockholder resolution do
not affect the validity of the registration. One stockholder has brought a suit
in Berlin, Germany, seeking to have registration of the agreement in the
Commercial Register removed (Amtslöschungsverfahren).
A further risk may arise from asbestos litigation in the United
States. In the
majority of these cases, the plaintiffs allege that Bayer and co-defendants
employed third parties on their sites in past decades without providing them
with sufficient warnings or protection against the known dangers of asbestos.
One Bayer affiliate in the United States is the legal successor to companies
that sold asbestos products until 1976. Should liability be established, Union
Carbide has to completely indemnify Bayer.
Bayer, among others, is named as a defendant in a putative
nationwide class
action pending in federal court in North Carolina, United States, which alleges
violations of antitrust laws in the marketing of a certain pest control product
(Premise ®).
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these product
liability and other
proceedings and will defend itself vigorously.
Liability considerations following the Lanxess spin-off
The liability situation following the spin-off of the lanxess
subgroup is
governed by both statutory and contractual provisions. Under the German
Transformation Act, all entities that are parties to a spin-off are jointly and
severally liable for obligations of the transferor entity that are established
prior to the spin-off date. Bayer AG and lanxess AG are thus jointly and
severally liable for a time period of 5 years for all obligations of Bayer AG
that existed on January 28, 2005.
|
|
|
196 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Notes to the Statements of Cash Flows
33. Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Since the annual financial statements as of December 31,
2006, the cash flow statement starts from income after taxes from continuing operations and not
from the operating result. The prior-year figures have been restated
accordingly. The gross cash flow for 2006 of 3,913 million
(2005: 3,114
million) is the cash surplus from operating activities before any changes in
working capital. The cash flows by segment and region are shown in the table in
Note [1].
The net
operating cash flow of
3,928 million (2005: 3,227 million) from
continuing operations takes account of changes in working capital and other net
assets. The 275 million net cash flow from the discontinued
operations
comprises operating income from the H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode business units
and the Diagnostics Division. The previous years figure of 275 million also
includes the plasma business and lanxess. The total net operating cash flow
amounted to 4,203 million in 2006 (2005: 3,502 million), with Schering
contributing 483 million.
A new line Non-cash effects of the remeasurement of acquired
assets (inventory
work-down) has been inserted in the cash flow statement in order to eliminate
the effects of the Schering purchase price allocation from gross cash flow.
Thus, the non-cash effect of the work-down of the step-up from the remeasurement
of Schering inventories to fair value as of June 23, 2006, the date of
acquisition, on the gross cash flow is reversed. For 2006 an amount
of 429
million is transferred from Decrease/increase in inventories to this new line.
These non-cash effects do not impact cash flow.
34. Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
In fiscal
2006 there was a net cash outflow of 14,730 million (2005:
1,741 million) for investing activities, consisting principally
of 15,246
million in disbursements for the Schering acquisition. The latter amount
comprised the purchase price for the 96.2 percent of the shares of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG acquired through December 31, 2006 , less acquired cash of 1,025
million. A total of 75 million was paid to acquire the biotech
company Icon
Genetics and the u.s. company Metrika. Further details of acquisitions and
divestitures are given in Note [7.2].
Cash outflows for additions to property, plant and equipment and
intangible
assets in 2006 came to
1,876 million (2005: 1,389 million). The 2006 figure includes 137 million in capital expenditures of Schering. Also
included are the
acquisition of the European marketing rights to the hypertension products
Pritor® and PritorPlus ® and payments in connection with
the expansion of the production facilities for polymers at Caojing, near
Shanghai, China.
Sales of property, plant and equipment and other assets resulted
in a cash inflow of 185 million (2005: 105 million), while the inflow from divestitures
amounted to 489 million (2005: 293 million). An advance payment of 395
million on the sale of the Diagnostics business, which was completed at the
start of 2007, was received at the end of 2006.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 197 |
Cash inflows from noncurrent financial assets totaling 850 million (
2005: 1,189 million) mainly related to the sale of the
49.9 percent interest in
GE Bayer Silicones to the existing joint venture partner General Electric and the
repayment by the Symrise chemical group of a vendor loan granted in connection
with the divestiture of the Haarmann & Reimer group in 2002.
In the previous year, cash outflows for investing activities
mainly comprised
the payment of approximately 1.9 billion for the Roche consumer
health
business. Receipts from noncurrent financial assets came to 1.2 billion,
mainly from the scheduled repayment of loans by lanxess and the expiration of
derivative contracts. Cash in flows from divestitures in 2005 totaled 293
million and resulted largely from the sale of the plasma operations in the
United States.
35. Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
In fiscal 2006 there was a net cash inflow of 10,199 million ( 2005:
net cash outflow of 1,881 million) from financing activities.
This inflow
was primarily attributable to net borrowings of 10.7 billion to
finance the
acquisition of Schering. A further cash in flow of 1,174 million resulted
mainly from the placement of 34 million new Bayer AG shares.
Cash outflows for dividend payments less the 176 million refund of advance
capital gains tax payments made on intra-Group dividends in 2004 amounted to
535 million (2005: 440 million). Interest expense increased to 1,155 million
( 2005: 787 million) and related principally to the borrowings
in connection
with the Schering acquisition.
36. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash, checks and balances with
banks. In
accordance with ias 7 (Cash Flow Statements) this item also includes securities
with original maturities of up to three months, reflecting their high liquidity.
Cash and cash equivalents amounted to 2,915 million as of
December 31, 2006 (2005: 3,290 million).
Cash of 799 million (2005: 253 million) has been deposited in escrow accounts.
The amount comprises 710 million transferred to a guarantee
account in light of
the resolved squeeze-out of the remaining minority stockholders of Schering, and
89 million (2005: 253 million) to be used exclusively for payments relating to
antitrust fines and civil law settlements.
|
|
|
198 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Other information
37. Audit fees
The following fees for the services of the auditor of the
consolidated financial statements, PricewaterhouseCoopers Aktiengesellschaft
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, were recognized as expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial statement auditing |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Audit-related services and other audit work |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax consultancy |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other services rendered to Bayer AG or subsidiaries |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The fees for the auditing of financial statements mainly comprise
those
for the audits of the consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group and
the financial statements of Bayer AG and its German subsidiaries. Fees for
audit-related services and other audit work primarily relate to the preparation
of expert reports and audit work in connection with acquisitions and
divestitures, audits of the internal control system including project audits in
connection with the implementation of new it systems, and auditor review of
interim financial statements.
38. Related parties
In the course of the operating business, materials, inventories
and
services are sourced from a large number of business partners around the world.
These include companies in which an interest is held, and companies with which
members of the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG are associated. Transactions with
these companies are carried out on an arms length basis. Business with such
companies was not material from the viewpoint of the Bayer Group. The Bayer
Group was not a party to any transaction of an unusual nature or structure that
was material to it or to companies or persons closely associated with it, nor
does it intend to be party to such transactions in the future.
The following transactions were undertaken with related parties
included in the
financial statements of the Bayer Group at equity or cost less impairment
charges:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables |
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
(68 |
) |
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transactions with related parties mainly comprised trade in goods
and
services. In fiscal 2006 there were also financial receivables from related
parties amounting to 43 million (2005: 39 million).
Further information on business transactions with companies in
which a significant interest is held and which are included in the consolidated financial
statements at equity (associates) is given in Note [19].
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer
Group 199 |
39. Total remuneration of the Board of Management and the
Supervisory Board and loans
The
remuneration of the Supervisory Board amounted to 2,337,041 (2005: 1,989,000), including 779,014 (2005: 459,000) in variable
components.
The remuneration of the individual members of the Board of
Management was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning |
|
|
Klaus Kühn |
|
|
Udo Oels 1 |
|
|
Plischke 2 |
|
|
Richard Pott |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base salary |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
343,526 |
|
|
|
343,530 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
2,260,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
1,985,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed supplement |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
316,366 |
|
|
|
142,205 |
|
|
|
142,206 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
1,096,556 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
837,073 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable bonus |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
1,525,086 |
|
|
|
1,034,615 |
|
|
|
567,335 |
|
|
|
689,745 |
|
|
|
827,694 |
|
|
|
4,644,475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
1,554,615 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
4,085,754 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remuneration in kind
and other benefits |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
47,926 |
|
|
|
35,571 |
|
|
|
9,594 |
|
|
|
18,163 |
|
|
|
31,137 |
|
|
|
142,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
40,169 |
|
|
|
35,266 |
|
|
|
41,942 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,044 |
|
|
|
156,421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directly effected
remuneration |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2,647,016 |
|
|
|
1,798,788 |
|
|
|
1,062,660 |
|
|
|
1,193,644 |
|
|
|
1,441,714 |
|
|
|
8,143,822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2,668,788 |
|
|
|
1,461,862 |
|
|
|
1,468,538 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465,640 |
|
|
|
7,064,828 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation
entitlements earned in the
respective year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
820,514 |
|
|
|
480,609 |
|
|
|
538,181 |
|
|
|
193,188 |
|
|
|
461,939 |
|
|
|
2,494,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
495,504 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
284,248 |
|
|
|
1,351,248 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in value of
existing entitlements |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
339,733 |
|
|
|
229,617 |
|
|
|
104,125 |
|
|
|
66,262 |
|
|
|
164,952 |
|
|
|
904,689 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
169,289 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,055 |
|
|
|
466,730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
member of the Board
of Management until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
member of the Board of
Management effective March 1, 2006 |
The fair value of the stock-based compensation as of the grant
dates for
2006 and 2005, respectively, is shown in the following table. The entitlements
earned in 2006 under the 2006 and 2005 stock-based compensation are included in
the preceding table under Stock-based compensation entitlements earned in the
respective year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning |
|
|
Klaus Kühn |
|
|
Udo Oels 1 |
|
|
Plischke 2 |
|
|
Richard Pott |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of newly
granted stock-based
compensation as of
grant date |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
268,113 |
|
|
|
181,886 |
|
|
|
40,419 |
|
|
|
117,597 |
|
|
|
145,509 |
|
|
|
753,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
253,636 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
666,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
member of the Board of Management until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
member of the Board of Management effective March 1, 2006 |
|
|
|
200 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The current service cost for pension entitlements of the
individual
members of the Board of Management was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning |
|
|
Klaus Kühn |
|
|
Udo Oels1 |
|
|
Plischke 2 |
|
|
Richard Pott |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current service
cost for
pension entitlements
earned in the
respective
year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
398,564 |
|
|
|
1,651,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644,517 |
|
|
|
233,284 |
|
|
|
3,927,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
311,158 |
|
|
|
420,046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
186,600 |
|
|
|
917,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
member of the Board of Management until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
member of the Board of Management effective March 1, 2006 |
Further details are provided in the Compensation Report included
in the
Management Report.
Emoluments to retired members of the Board of Management and their
surviving
dependents amounted to 10,924,768 (2005: 10,323,009). Pension provisions for
these individuals, amounting to 117,866,846 (2005: 115,972,457) are reflected in the balance sheet.
There were no loans to members of the Board of Management or the
Supervisory
Board outstanding as of December 31, 2006, nor any repayments of such loans
during the year.
Leverkusen, February 27, 2007
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Board of Management
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Bayer News
2006/2007 201 |
Highlights 2006/2007
Bayer Schering Pharma off to a successful start
Berlin/Leverkusen For Bayer, the
outstanding event of 2006 was undoubtedly
the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin,
Germany the largest transaction in the
Groups history. It was on March 23 that
Bayer first announced its intention to
acquire Schering; on April 13, the official offer document was submitted. By
September 8, Bayer controlled over 95
percent of Schering AG stock. On
September 13, at an Extraordinary
Stockholders Meeting in Berlin,
Scherings stockholders consented to the
domination and profit and loss transfer
agreement with Bayer subsidiary Dritte bv
GmbH. On October 27, the agreement came
into force upon being entered in the
commercial register. On December
29, Schering AG was officially renamed
Bayer Schering Pharma AG. Then in
January 2007, an Extraordinary
Stockholders Meeting of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG was held in Berlin, at which
the decision was
made to effect a squeeze-out of the
companys remaining minority
stockholders. Bayer Schering Pharma
remains headquartered in Berlin and will
be managed together with Bayers current
pharmaceutical business as a division of
the Bayer HealthCare subgroup. Outlining
his view of the new companys future,
Bayer AG Management Board Chairman Werner
Wenning says: Bayer Schering Pharma is
set to become a strong, effective,
world-class company that will take its
place among the top ten international
suppliers of specialty pharmaceuticals.
|
|
|
202 Bayer News 2006/2007
|
|
Bayer Annual Report
2006 |
New formulating technology from Bayer CropScience
Monheim o-teq® is the
name of an innovative formulation concept
developed by Bayer CropScience to enhance
the effectiveness of systemic
insecticides. Products such as
Proteus®, Biscaya®
or Confidor®
o-teq® based on this
technology display outstanding biological
performance. They are extremely reliable
and their effectiveness is virtually
unimpaired by changes in weather
conditions during or after application.
The new formulation underlines Bayer
CropSciences claim to technological
leadership.
Bayer und UNEP reinforce partnership
Leverkusen In March 2006, Bayer
and the United Nations Environment
Programme (unep) endorsed their
collaboration in global youth
environmental activities. Bayer Management
Board Chairman Werner Wenning and unep
Executive Director Prof. Klaus Töpfer said
they were pleased with the outcome of
their first two years of partnership in
the area of youth and the environment.
Together with unep we have initiated a
large number of projects all over the
world. In this way we are making a lasting
contribution to youth environmental
education, said Wenning. Since the
partnership began in 2004, Bayer has
helped the United Nations Environment
Programme to develop youth networks in
Asia, Latin America and Africa, and to
establish a global environmental summit
meeting. Bayer not only provides funding
of 1 million annually for the joint
activities, but also implements the
individual projects in cooperation with
unep.
As part of the global sponsorship program
for scientific and social projects, Bayer
has initiated and funded an Endowed Chair for
Intellectual Property Rights at the elite
Tongji University in Shanghai, China. The
company has also announced that it will
fund a Chair for Sustainable Development
there.
Start-up
company for luminescent film
Leverkusen In April 2006 , Bayer
established a new company, Lyttron
Technology GmbH to produce
electroluminescent film. Lyttron, a
wholly owned subsidiary of Bayer
MaterialScience, develops,
manufactures and markets luminescent film
for applications such as the automotive
industry and lifestyle products. The
entire start-up capital of about 24.5
million is being invested in film
production and the construction of a
laboratory plant in the Leverkusen
Chemical Park. Lyttron began operating
with a staff of 25 finance, marketing,
production and administration experts. By
2012 the company expects to employ more
than 150 people. The establishment of
Lyttron is consistent with Bayer
MaterialSciences pursuit of its
innovation strategy.
Bayer divests interest in GE Bayer Silicones
Leverkusen Bayer sold its 49.9
percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones to
the joint venture partner General
Electric. The proceeds of the sale totaled
475 million before taxes. The transaction
improved Bayers non-operating result for
2006 by 236 million.
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Bayer News
2006/2007 203 |
Producing antibodies in plants
Halle/Ghent In September 2006,
Icon Genetics GmbH, a subsidiary of Bayer
Innovation GmbH, and Bayer BioScience NV,
a subsidiary of Bayer CropScience,
published the results of research into
new-generation expression technologies for
plants. These technologies serve to
synthesize proteins from genetic
information. The scientists developed a
process for high-yield production of
monoclonal antibodies. The process is
suitable for research purposes, industrial
scale-up and the production of antibodies
for medical uses for example, in the
diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Icon
Genetics is engaged in developing
processes for the biotechnological
production of therapeutic proteins and
other high-value products in plants.
Bayer plans to acquire Ure-Tech Group of Taiwan
Leverkusen Bayer
MaterialScience announced in October
2006 that it plans to acquire Taiwans
Ure-Tech Group, the largest
thermoplastic polyurethane (tpu)
producer in the Asia-Pacific region.
The acquisition would make Bayer
MaterialScience the worlds largest supplier
of products and solutions in the field of
tpu resins and films. Closing of the
deal is expected for the second quarter of
2007.
Sectors largest R&D budget
Leverkusen The Bayer Group aims
to further strengthen innovation as one of
the most important goals of its corporate
strategy. Research is key to success. We
must exploit our scientific potential
to the full and consistently translate
research findings into new products,
Bayer AG Management Board Chairman Werner
Wenning said in October before an audience
of some 140 media representatives from 16
countries at the press forum Bayers
Perspective on Innovation 2006 in
Leverkusen.
In 2006 Bayer invested 1.9 billion in
research and development not including
Schering. That is more than any other
chemicals and health care company in
Germany, said Wenning. The Schering
acquisition strengthens Bayers
pharmaceutical research in particular, with
Germany remaining Bayers principal
research location. With the integration of
the acquired business, Bayers research and
development expenditures in 2006 increased
to about 2.3 billion, more than 65 percent
of which was spent in Germany.
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Bayer HealthCare steps up OTC presence in China
Leverkusen/Shanghai In October
2006, Bayer HealthCare agreed to be
acquire the over-the-counter (OTC) cough
and cold products portfolio of the
Chinese-based TopSun Group for
approximately 106 million, plus
contingent payments totaling up to 19
million that are subject to fulfillment
of certain performance criteria. This
acquisition will substantially increase
Bayer HealthCares presence in China, one
of the fastest growing otc markets in the
world, and is intended to enhance the
companys competitiveness in the Chinese
OTC market. Closing of the transaction is
expected for the second half of 2007.
Phase III study for
rivaroxaban under way
Leverkusen Based on positive
research findings so far, a phase III
study program for rivaroxaban was launched
at the end of 2006. Phase II clinical
trial results highlighted the potential of
a simple, once-daily dosing regimen of the
novel, oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban. In
this trial, rivaroxaban demonstrated that
it may have similar safety and efficacy
to the current standard for the prevention
of venous thromboembolism (vte). Present
published results also show that
rivaroxaban offers predictable
anticoagulation across
a wide range of parameters. In addition,
data show that rivaroxaban does not interact with a
wide variety of drugs that are commonly given
concomitantly with an anticoagulant. Rivaroxaban is being jointly developed by
Bayer HealthCare and OrthoMcNeil Pharmaceuticals Inc., a subsidiary
of Johnson & Johnson.
Advent and Carlyle
acquire H.C. Starck
Leverkusen In November 2006,
Bayer announced the sale of its subsidiary
H.C. Starck to a consortium formed by financial investors Advent International and
The Carlyle Group for approximately 1.2
billion. The proceeds like those of the
divestment of Wolff Walsrode (see page
209) are to be used to reduce net debt
associated with the acquisition of
Schering AG. Advent and Carlyle said they
intend to continue developing the H.C.
Starck business with the aim of
positioning the company for an initial
public offering in three to five years.
Closing of the transaction took place on
February 1, 2007.
H.C. Starck, headquartered in Goslar in
northern Germany, manufactures metal and
ceramic powders, specialty chemicals, and
parts made from advanced ceramics and
refractory metals. The company belonged to
the Bayer MaterialScience subgroup.
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Bayer News 2006/2007 205 |
Bayer to invest US$1.8 billion in Shanghai through
2009
Shanghai At a ceremony in
September 2006 attended by 500 guests from
politics, industry and the media, Bayer
inaugurated the new production facilities
of the Bayer MaterialScience subgroup in
Shanghai. China is of central importance
to Bayer in the Asia/Pacific region
both as a production base and for our
business strategy, explained Bayer AG
Management Board Chairman Werner Wenning.
Construction of the facilities at the
Shanghai Chemical Industry Park represents
a total capital expenditure volume of
about us$1.8 billion through 2009, making
it Bayers biggest-ever project outside of
Germany.
The new plants that have come on stream
add substantially to the production
capacities of Bayer MaterialScience. The
facilities already operating at the site
are now joined by a world-scale
polycarbonate production unit whose
initial capacity of 100,000 tons per year
is scheduled to increase to 200,000 tons
by 2008. This facility is intended
primarily for supplying customers in the
region.
The first polyurethane facility on
Bayers site, a splitter for crude mdi
(diphenylmethane diisocyanate), has a
capacity of 80,000 tons per year. A
large-scale mdi production facility with
a capacity of 350,000 tons per year, due
on stream in 2008 , is expected to be the
largest of its kind in the world.
Inaugurated at the same time was a
production unit for hdi (hexamethylene
diisocyanate) with an initial capacity of
30,000 tons per year.
Bayer MaterialScience announced in
February 2007 that the capacity of a
planned facility for producing tdi
(toluene diisocyanate) in Shanghai is to
be raised from 160,000 to 300,000 tons a
year.
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Acquisitions strengthen U.S.
cottonseed business
Monheim In December 2006, Bayer
CropScience purchased the assets of
California Planting Cotton Seed
Distributors (cpcsd), Bakersfield,
California, and, separately, those of
Reliance Genetics llc, Harlingen, Texas,
for a total of about us$20 million. These
transactions advance the companys
strategy in expanding its cotton seed
business and accessing new markets.
Acquisition of the seed production and
processing capabilities of cpcsd now gives
Bayer CropScience a dedicated facility in
the western United States. Reliance
Genetics runs a specialized cotton
breeding program that ideally complements
Bayer CropSciences current
FiberMax® product offering.
Acquiring the Reliance assets enables
Bayer CropScience to introduce additional
varieties into its portfolio.
Dow to acquire Wolff
Walsrode from Bayer
Midland/Leverkusen The Dow
Chemical Company and the Bayer Group
announced in December 2006 that they have
reached agreement for Dow to acquire
Bayer subsidiary Wolff Walsrode, which
mainly manufactures products based on
cellulose chemistry. The transaction is
expected to close in the second quarter
of 2007, subject to regulatory approval.
The proceeds will be used to reduce financial debt.
Sale of diagnostics business
completed
Leverkusen In January 2007, the
Diagnostics Division of Bayer HealthCare
was sold to Siemens AG, Munich,
Germany, for 4.3 billion. For Bayer the
after-tax proceeds of the divestment were
about
3.6 billion, which is to be used to
reduce financial debt. The divestment is
in line with Bayer HealthCares strategy
of focusing on pharmaceuticals for both
humans and animals, and products that can
be promoted directly to patients. The
consumer-influenced Diabetes Care
Division is not affected by the
transaction, nor is Scherings contrast
agents (diagnostic imaging) business.
Combating
Climate Change
initiative signed
Brüssel Bayer and 16 other
international companies are original
signatories of the global climate
protection initiative 3c: Combating
Climate Change, presented in Brussels in
January 2007 . With their specialist
knowledge and experience, the
participating companies want to help
develop a successful global climate
protection policy for the period following
the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol in
2012. Actively addressing the need to
protect the earths climate forms a major
part of Bayers sustainability strategy,
which is why the company co-founded the 3c
initiative. Bayer hopes that as many
companies as possible will sign up. To
tackle the problem of climate change, the
3c initiative aims to support the
political community in establishing a
global framework for emissions reduction
that would ensure all companies throughout
the world can compete on fair terms. A
long-term goal of the initiative is to
fully exploit the potential for
technological innovation between now and
the year 2100. Underscoring its lasting
commitment to climate protection, Bayer
has exceeded the targets set by the Kyoto
Protocol for reductions in direct
greenhouse gas emissions, partly through
process innovations. An example of the
latter is a method already introduced in
Germany and China by which the chlorine
needed for plastics production can be
manufactured using 30 percent less energy
than before.
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Awards 2006/2007 207 |
Awards 2006/2007
In 2006 Bayer continued to be acknowledged for its expertise
across a
broad range of activities, sustaining its positive image at an international
level. This was evidenced by numerous accolades the company received during the
year. Says Management Board Chairman Werner Wenning: The recognition bestowed
upon us by external experts testifies to our success in applying our knowledge
and innovative capability responsibly in line with our mission statement Bayer:
Science For A Better Life. It shows the fascination of Bayer. The following are
among the most significant of these awards.
Company and employees
Bayer became the first company
with global headquarters outside the
U.S., and also the first chemical
company, to receive the Ron Brown Award
for Corporate Leadership. This is the
only U.S. presidential award honoring
companies for their activities in the
social sector. Bayer received this
distinction for its Making Science Make
Sense program, an initiative launched
ten years ago that advances science
literacy among school students.
In China, Bayer was recognized as one of
the top employers for 2007 in the
Shanghai region. Bayer and 37 other local
and multinational companies were honored
by the Corporate Research Foundation for
their best-in-class practices in the
human resources field, including unique
talent attraction and retention programs.
The companys high reputation around the
world was also reflected in the outcomes
of several opinion surveys. In
Indonesia, Bayer is among the most
admired companies according to a survey by the
magazine BusinessWeek. In Brazil , Bayer
CropScience Ltda. was listed as the best
crop protection enterprise in Brazil in
Exame magazines Agribusiness Year-book.
In Canada, Bayer CropScience was ranked
among the 100 best employers for the third
year in succession. In the United States ,
Bayer Corporation was recognized as one of
the 100 best companies in the nation for
working mothers. And a survey in Germany
commissioned by the business magazine
WirtschaftsWoche showed that the countrys
managers consider Bayer the most
fascinating health care and chemicals
company.
Other honors were accorded to Bayer for its
vocational training activities. German Vice
Chancellor Franz Müntefering awarded Bayer
the prize entitled Shaping Employment
Companies Demonstrate Responsibility in
the category Perspectives for Young
People in recognition of the companys
special program that prepares socially and
educationally disadvantaged young people
for vocational training courses.
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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German school students consider
Bayer to be one of the countrys best
employers, according to the Student
Barometer survey, carried out by the
Berlin research institute trendence for
the weekly newspaper Die Zeit, in which
Bayer received by far the best ranking
among chemicals and health care companies.
Also in Germany, Bayer trainee Oliver
Polch achieved one of the highest scores
in the 2006 final examinations of the
Chamber of Industry and Commerce for plant
electronics technicians. As a result he
was among those honored at a ceremony in
Berlin in the presence of Chancellor
Angela Merkel.
In 2006 Bayer AG received the Total
E-Quality award for the fourth time in
recognition of its commitment to equality
of opportunity in the workplace.
Announcing the honor, the jury of Total
E-Quality Deutschland said that over a
period of more than ten years Bayers
joint committee on equal opportunity had
initiated numerous activities in this
area, including promoting equal access to
employment and participating in personnel
development measures.
Sustainability
As in the previous year, Bayer
received the title Best in Class in
2006 in recognition of world-leading
achievements in the field of climate
protection. Bayer therefore remains a
component of the Climate Leadership
Index, the first global stock index for
climate protection, where
in 2006 it was rated the best
company in the chemicals sector. Bayer
also continues to be included in the Dow
Jones Sustainability World Index (djsi
World) and
the European Dow Jones stoxx
Sustainability Index
(djsi stoxx).
Bayer is held to be among the most
socially responsible companies in China,
according to an award the company received
from the Fair Labor Association, an
international non-profit organization, at
the Global Corporate Social Responsibility
Forum. This prize recognizes Bayers role
as a responsible corporate citizen in
China. It was conferred in recognition of
the companys long-standing commitment to
public health, environmental protection
and recreational sports and its employees
participation in neighborhood and
community services.
The Brazilian trade journal Meio Ambiente
Industrial presented Bayer CropScience in
Brazil with the Sustainable Enterprise
Award. This prize honors companies for
endeavors to improve the environment and
quality of life in Brazil.
Bayer MaterialSciences New Martinsville
facility in West Virginia, United States,
received Star status under the Voluntary
Protection Programs (vpp) of the U.S.
Department of Labor Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (osha) . These
programs recognize and partner with
businesses and sites that show excellence
in occupational safety and health. The
plant received accolades for its
three-year Total Case Incidence Rate
(tcir), which was 71 percent less than the
industry average for 2004. The number of
work-
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
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Awards 2006/2007 209
|
days lost through industrial
injuries was also substantially below
the average.
Communications
Bayer AGs communications work was
honored at the 18th Corporate Media Awards
2006, presented by the Medien-report
publishing house in Munich, with the
highest accolade, the Master of
Communication 2006 Member of the
European Masterclass. The company also
received four prizes for achievements in
the field of electronic communications.
The Bayer homepage and the online version
of the Sustainable Development Report were
honored with the Award of Master in the
Best Internet Solutions segment, while
the Group website as a whole won a special
prize in the same category. Bayers
corporate image film Commitment For A
Better Life, which depicts the Groups
commitment to society and the environment,
was commended by the jury as an excellent
communications solution.
The German Environmental Reporting Award
2006 was presented to Bayer AG in 2006
for the countrys best Sustainable
Development Report. The Bayer publication
scored very highly with respect to almost
all of the assessment criteria.
Bayer also garnered several of the German
Comprix Awards: the winner in the
corporate advertising category was the
Bayer: Science For A Better Life
campaign, while two gold medals went to
Bayer HealthCares Levitra®
team, with the
When? Now! advertisements taking first place in the consumer print campaigns
category. Bayer Vital Consumer Care was
honored for its Bepanthen ® tv
commercial. And Bayer HealthCares online
soap opera about relationship problems came
top in the digital interactive media
category. This first online soap in
Germany also received the prestigious pr
Report Award in the category Innovative pr
Strategy.
In the field of stockholder
communications, Bayer received the Platinum
Award of the League of American
Communications Professionals (lacp) for its
2005 Annual Report.
Finance
In January 2007 Bayer received the
Treasurer Deals of the Year award (Equity
and Equity Linked category) of the
Association of Corporate Treasurers in the u.k. for its mandatory convertible bond,
which was successfully placed with
institutional investors at the end of March
2006. The 2.3 billion bond, issued in
connection with the takeover offer for
Schering AG, is mandatorily convertible
into Bayer AG shares.
In 2006 the magazine International
Financing Review presented the company with
the ifr Award 2005 in the category Euro
Investment-Grade Corporate Bonds for its
hybrid bond, while the British financial
magazine EuroWeek honored Bayer with the
illustrious Corporate Bond of the Year
designation.
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210 Awards 2006/2007 |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Bayer AGs investor relations
website received its fourth successive
award from U.S.-Brazilian ir
communications consultants mz Consult in
the IR Global Rankings 2007. The Bayer
site won first place among 145 companies
from 33 countries in the Industrials &
Health Care category and second place
overall. The online version of the 2005
Annual Report was named best corporate
online annual report in the world.
Products
Bayers world-famous product
Aspirin® garnered two awards
in 2006. In what was probably Europes
largest consumer survey, Readers Digest
determined the most trusted brands in 14
European countries. Bayer won the Pegasus
Award for the most trusted brand in
Germany by a wide margin for the sixth
year in succession, receiving 44 percent
of votes in the pain relievers category.
Aspirin® also took the number
one position in Austria, Switzerland and
Spain.
German pharmacists hailed Aspirin® as
Pain Reliever of the Year 2006 in a
representative poll carried out by the
German Pharmacists Association, with
Bayer products Canesten® and
Priorin® also coming first
in their respective categories.
The Ascensia
®
Breeze® blood glucose
monitoring system received ease-of-use
commendation and a product seal from the
Arthritis Foundation in the United
States, making it the first such device to be recognized
as particularly suitable for people with arthritis who also have diabetes. The
commendation followed thorough review
and testing by an independent panel of
individuals with arthritis.
Success for Animal Health, too: an
international expert jury selected
Profender ® Spot-on, Bayers
antiparasitic treatment for cats, as the
best new small-animal product of 2006.
Bayer Innovation GmbH also received a
special accolade when the Swedish
security technology magazine
Detektor International, at a ceremony held
in Copenhagen, presented it with the
Detektor International Award 2006 in the
access products category for its new
PhenoStor®
ID card. The
holographic data storage technology used in the PhenoStor ®
substantially enhances card
security.
The winners of the Materialica Design
Award included applications that benefit from products of Bayer MaterialScience.
Prizes were received for the Makrolon
® roof of Rinspeed AGs
zaZen concept car and for its interior
paint, which is also based on Bayer raw
materials.
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Governance Bodies 211
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Supervisory Board and Board of Management
Supervisory Board
Hermann Josef Strenger
Honorary Chairman, Leverkusen
Members of the Supervisory Board hold or
held offices as members of the
supervisory board or a comparable
supervising body of the corporations
listed (as at December 31, 2006 or the
date on which they ceased to be members of
the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG):
Dr. Manfred Schneider
Chairman of the Supervisory
Board, Leverkusen
* December 21, 1938
Allianz SE (until October 31, 2006)
DaimlerChrysler AG
Linde AG (Chairman)
Metro AG
RWE AG
TUI AG
Thomas de Win
Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board
(effective March 2, 2006);
Chairman
of the Bayer Central Works
Council, Leverkusen
* November 21, 1958
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Dr. Paul Achleitner
Member of the Board of Management of
Allianz SE, Munich
* September 28, 1956
Allianz Deutschland AG
Allianz Elementar
Lebensversicherungs-AG (Chairman)
Allianz Elementar
Versicherungs-AG (Chairman)
Allianz Global Investors AG
Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG
RWE AG
Dr. Josef Ackermann
Chairman of the Board of Managing
Directors of Deutsche Bank AG,
Frankfurt am Main
* February 7, 1948
Deutsche Lufthansa AG
(until June 30, 2006 )
Linde AG (until June 30, 2006)
Siemens AG
Andreas Becker
(until February 1, 2007)
Chairman of the Works Council of
H.C. Starck, Laufenburg
* March 1, 1959
H.C. Starck GmbH (until June 30, 2006 )
Willy Beumann
(effective February 20, 2007)
Chairman of the Works Council of the
Wuppertal site of Bayer AG
* April 12, 1956
Bayer HealthCare AG
Karl-Josef Ellrich
Chairman of the Dormagen Works
Council of Bayer AG; Chairman of the
Bayer Group Works Council (effective
February 10, 2006), Leverkusen
* October 5, 1949
Bayer CropScience AG
Dr. Thomas Fischer
Graduate Engineer, Dormagen
* August 27, 1955
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Erhard Gipperich
(until January 31, 2006 )
Former Vice Chairman of the
Supervisory Board;
Former Chairman of the Bayer Central and
Group Works Councils, Leverkusen
* April 30, 1942
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212 Governance
Bodies
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Peter Hausmann
(effective April 28, 2006)
North Rhine District Secretary of the
German Mine, Chemical and
Power Workers Union, Düsseldorf
* February 13, 1954
Procter & Gamble Manufacturing GmbH
Thomas Hellmuth
Agricultural Engineer, Langenfeld
* May 29, 1956
Prof. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Hans-Olaf Henkel
Honorary Professor at the University of
Mannheim, Berlin
* March 14, 1940
Brambles Industries Ltd.
Continental AG
DaimlerChrysler Aerospace AG
EPG AG (effective May 22, 2006)
Orange SA
Ringier AG
SMS GmbH
Reiner Hoffmann
(effective October 11, 2006)
Deputy General Secretary of the European
Trade Union Confederation (ETUC),
Brussels
* May 30, 1955
SASOL Germany GmbH
Gregor Jüsten
(effective February 1, 2006)
Chemical Production Technician, Member
of the Leverkusen Works Council of Bayer
* December 13, 1948
Dr. rer. pol. Klaus Kleinfeld
President and Chief Executive Officer
of Siemens AG, Munich
* November 6, 1957
Alcoa Inc.
Citigroup Inc.
Dr. h. c. Martin Kohlhaussen
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of
Commerzbank AG, Frankfurt am Main
* November 6, 1935
Hochtief AG (Chairman)
Schering AG (until September 13, 2006)
ThyssenKrupp AG
John Christian Kornblum
Chairman of Lazard & Co. GmbH, Berlin
* February 6, 1943
Motorola Inc.
ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG (until
November 30, 2006)
Petra Kronen
Chairwoman of the Uerdingen Works
Council of Bayer AG
* August 22, 1964
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Hubertus Schmoldt
Chairman of the German Mine, Chemical
and Power Workers Union, Hannover
* January 14, 1945
Deutsche BP AG
DOW Olefi nverbund GmbH
E.ON AG
RAG AG
RAG Coal International
Dieter Schulte
(until September 18, 2006 )
Former Chairman of the German Unions
Federation, Duisburg
* January 13, 1940
Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz
Chairman of the Executive Board of
ThyssenKrupp AG, Düsseldorf
* July 24, 1941
AXA Konzern AG
Commerzbank AG (until March 31, 2006)
Deutsche Bahn AG (until June 30, 2006 )
MAN AG (Chairman)
Standing committees of the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG as at
December 31, 2006
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Presidial Committee/Mediation Committee
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Schneider (Chairman),
Achleitner, Schmoldt, de Win |
Audit Committee
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Kohlhaussen (Chairman),
Fischer, Hausmann, Henkel, Schneider, de Win |
Human Resources Committee
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Schneider (Chairman), Ellrich, Kohlhaussen, Kronen |
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Governance Bodies 213 |
RAG AG (Vice Chairman)
RAG Beteiligungs-AG (Vice Chairman
effective September 14, 2006)
RWE AG (effective April 13, 2006)
ThyssenKrupp Elevator AG (Chairman)
ThyssenKrupp Services AG (Chairman)
ThyssenKrupp Technologies AG
(Chairman effective October 1, 2006)
Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Jürgen Weber
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of
Deutsche Lufthansa AG,
Frankfurt am Main
* October 17, 1941
Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG
Deutsche Bank AG
Deutsche Post AG (Chairman)
LP Holding GmbH (Chairman)
Tetra Laval Group
Voith AG
Willi Bogner GmbH & Co. KGaA
(effective May 31, 2006)
Siegfried Wendlandt
(until April 28, 2006)
Former North Rhine District Secretary of
the German Mine, Chemical and Power
Workers Union, Düsseldorf
* July 27, 1947
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker
Former President of the German Research
Foundation, Bonn; Secretary General of
the European Research Council (ERC),
Brussels
* July 26, 1941
KWS Saat AG
Medigene AG (Chairman)
Wacker Chemie AG
Board of Management
Members of the Board of Management
hold or held offices as members of the
supervisory board or a comparable
supervising body of the corporations
listed (as at December 31, 2006 ):
Werner Wenning
Chairman of the Board of Management
* October 21, 1946
Bayer Schering Pharma AG (Chairman,
effective September 14, 2006)
Henkel KGaA
Klaus Kühn
* February 11, 1952
Bayer Business Services GmbH
(Chairman)
Bayer CropScience AG (Chairman)
Bayer Schering Pharma AG (effective
September 14, 2006 )
Dr. Wolfgang Plischke
(effective March 1, 2006)
* September 15, 1951
Bayer MaterialScience AG
(Chairman, effective May 1, 2006)
Bayer Technology Services GmbH
(Chairman, effective May 1, 2006)
Dr. Udo Oels
(until April 28, 2006)
* January 2, 1944
Dr. Richard Pott
Labor Director
* May 11, 1953
Bayer HealthCare AG (Chairman)
Bayer Industry Services Geschäfts-
führungs-GmbH
(Chairman, effective May 1, 2006)
Bayer MaterialScience AG (Chairman,
until April 30, 2006)
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214 Organization Chart
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Organization Chart
as at March 1, 2007
Bayer AG (holding company)
Group Management Board
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Werner Wenning
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Richard Pott*
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|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
Wolfgang Plischke |
Chairman
|
|
Strategy & Human Resources
|
|
Finance
|
|
Innovation, Technology
& Environment |
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Center |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate Office
|
|
J. Krell |
|
Communications
|
|
H. Springer |
|
Investor
Relations
|
|
A. Rosar |
|
Corporate
Auditing
|
|
R. Meyer |
|
Corporate Human
Resources & Organization
|
|
J. Peters |
|
Corporate
Development
|
|
M. Mangold |
|
Law &
Patents, Insurance
|
|
R. Hartwig |
|
Finance
|
|
J. Dietsch |
|
Group Accounting
& Controlling
|
|
U. Hauck |
|
Regional
Coordination
|
|
F.-J. Berners |
|
Environment
& Sustainability
|
|
W. Große Entrup |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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Business Areas
Bayer HealthCare
|
|
Bayer CropScience
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience
|
|
Service Areas
Bayer Business Services
|
A. J. Higgins (photo)
Chairman
L. vander Broek
Animal Health
G. Balkema
Consumer Care
S. E. Peterson
Diabetes Care
U. Köstlin
Bayer Schering Pharma
Business
Units & Regions I
G. Riemann
Bayer Schering Pharma Business
Units & Regions II
W. Baumann*
Central Administration &
Organization
H. Klusik
Product Supply
A. Busch
Bayer Schering Pharma
Global
Drug Discovery
K. Malik
Bayer Schering Pharma Global
Development
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|
F. Berschauer (photo)
Chairman
R. Scheitza*
Portfolio Management
W. Welter
Industrial Operations & QHSE
D. Suwelack
BPA
A. Klausener
Research
F. J. Placke
Development
J. du Puy
Crop Protection Europe/
TAMECIS
W. Buckner
Crop Protection North
America
M. Reichardt
Crop Protection Latin
America
B. Naaf
Crop Protection Asia/Pacific
P. Housset
Environmental Science
J. Schneider
BioScience
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P. Thomas (photo)
Chairman
A. Steiger-Bagel
Administration
I. Paterson
Marketing & Innovation
T. Van Osselaer*
Industrial Operations
G. Hilken
Polycarbonates
P. Vanacker
Polyurethanes
J. Wolff
Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants
T. Bielfeldt
Thermoplastic
Polyurethanes
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A. Resch (photo)
Chairman
N. Fieseler*
IT Community,
Human Resources
Bayer Technology Services
A. Noack (photo)
Managing Director
Bayer Industry Services
K. Schäfer (photo)
Chairman
J. Waldi*
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Group Leadership
Circle 215 |
Group Leadership Circle
as of March 1, 2007
The Group Leadership Circle consists of managers in the holding
company, subgroups and service companies whose functions are particularly important for the Bayer Group as a whole.
A
Abreu, Claudio
Achenbaum, Jon
Allen, Christopher
Amling, Andreas
Angerbauer, Rolf
Applegate, Jacqueline
Arnold, Markus
Asboth, Christian
Atzor, Michael
B
Babe, Gregory
Bachlechner, Guenter
Balkema, Gary
Baumann, Werner
Bechem, Martin
Behrens, Jens
Beier, Andreas
Benecke, Lars
Berners, Franz-Josef
Bernhardt, Michael
Bertram, Frank
Berschauer, Friedrich
Bey, Alexander
Bieber, Wolfgang
Bielfeldt, Tim
Bier, Bernd-Peter
Bieringer, Thomas
Binda, Maria-Luisa
Bischof, Eric
Bostian, Arlin
Braunleder, Georg
Broué, Jean
Brüll, Ludger
Bruhn, Burghardt
Brumund, Rudolf
Buckner, William
Burck, Alexander
Busch, Andreas
C
Cardinal von Widdern, Lutz
Carpenter, Kim
Catino, Joseph
Chenet, Thierry
Cherny, Margaret
Chiassarini, Mauro
Coppens, Ernst
Courth, Lambert
Cremers, Hans Josef
D
Dahmer, Jürgen
Dawkins, Martin Scott
De Cleyn, Rene
De Jonge, Maarten
Deall, Michael
Decker-Conradi, Jörg
DeLong, James
Dennehy, Paul
Dietrich, Frank
Dietsch, Johannes
Dini, Alain
Doerholt, Hermann-Josef
Döllinger, Lothar
Donahoe, Steve
Dorison, Dominique
Du Puy, Jacques
Dumont, Philippe
E
Eiki, Norikazu
Engels, Hans-Wilhelm
Evans, Christopher
F
Fenu, Giovanni
Fey, Claus
Fieseler, Norbert
Firl, Rolf-Reiner
Fischer, Meredith
Flechtner, Helmut
Fournel, Michael
Freytag, Michael
Fritz, Reinhard
Funk, Rolf
G
Garnier, Franck
Gasche, Hans-Erich
Gauthier, Philippe
Gerlach, Martin
Gerlich, Stephan
Geyer, Edgar
Graney, Robert
Gray, John
Große Entrup, Wolfgang
Gruber, Friedrich
Grunert, Frank
Günther, Andreas
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216 Group Leadership Circle
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Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
H
Hansen, Ralf
Hartwig, Roland
Hauck, Ulrich
Haug, Matthias
Haug, Michael
Hayes, Timothy
Heiden, Paul-Gerd
Heider, Wilfried
Heidrich, Joerg
Held, Christian
Herzog, Dieter
Higgins, Arthur
Hilken, Günter
Hinderer, Jürgen
Hoever, Franz-Peter
Höhl, Hans-Walter
Hotop, Reiner
Housset, Pascal
Houston, John
Howard, Samuel Jason
Hummel, Don
I
Inkmann-Koch, Anette
J
Jahn, Alexander
Jelich, Klaus
Jesse, Ralf Rüdiger
Johnson, Michael
Juhnke, Andreas
Jungblut, Wolfgang
K
Kaiser, Ralf
Kastner, Thomas Karl
Kaul, Raj
Kaushik, Vidya Sagar
Klausener, Alexander
Klebert, Ulrich
Klusik, Hartmut
Knapp, Frank
Kneen, Geoffrey
Knors, Armin
Koersvelt, Adri
Köhler, Gregor
Köhler, Jürgen
König, Michael
Köplin, Wilfried
Kolpon, Jay
Köstlin, Ulrich
Kopp, Wilfried
Krauskopf, Birgit
Krell, Jörg
Kreuzburg, Christa
Krüger, Bernd-Wieland
Kühling, Steffen
Kumpf, Robert-Joseph
Kunisch, Franz
Kuschnerus, Norbert
L
Läpple, Horstfried
Lauff, Peter
Leidemann, Burkhard
Leidinger, Walter
Lengerich, Hartmut
Leroux, Bernard Marc
Leucker, Hermann
Löwer, Hartmut
Lohkamp-Heikaus, Gudrun
Londershausen, Michael
Louvel, Erik
Lowinski, Jean-Luc
Loyd, William
Lukas, Frank
Lykos, George
M
MacCleary, Gerald
Mackintosh, Bruce
Main, Alan
Malik, Kemal
Mangold, Matthias
Marchand, Gerhart
Marchand, Tobias
Marchant, Gavin
Mathews, Michael
Maul, Jürgen
McCahon, Peter
McCullough, Dennis
Meier, Lothar
Meyer, Rainer
Miebach, Wolfgang
Milon, Jean-Philippe
Mirgel, Volker
Möller, Jörg
Molnar, Attila
Moritz, Matthias
Mothes, Helmut
Müller, Michael
Müller, Peter
Murek, Udo
N
Naaf, Bernd
Nagy, Paul
Nehoda-Hahn, Vera
Nellshen, Stefan
Nestler, Andrew
Neuschwander, Marc
Noack, Achim
O
Oehlschläger, Gabriele
Oehlschläger, Wilhelm
Oelrich, Stefan
Ohle, Jörg
Ohm, Christian
Ohst, Holger
Ott, Jürgen
P
Parotelli, Roberto
Pascoletti, Karl-Heinz
Paterson, Ian
Percy, Adrian
Perne, Rainer
Peters, Jan
Peterson-Buengeler, Sandra
Phillips, Barry-Allen
Pickel, Markus
Pilgram, Frank
Placke, Franz-Josef
Portoff, Michael
Prenzel, Jürgen
Preuß, Rainer
Pucci, Paolo
R
Raab, Jürgen
Rahenbrock, Udo
Raubach, Hans-Joachim
Reichardt, Marc
Reiff, Felix
Reinert, Thomas
|
|
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Group Leadership Circle 217 |
Resch, Andreas
Rettig, Rainer
Riemann, Gunnar
Rittgen, Frank
Rövekamp, Frank
Rosar, Alexander
Rosenberg, Dirk
Rothe, Hans-Joachim
Ryan, Mark
S
Saez, Antonio
Salge, Andreas
Schade, Michael
Schäfer, Klaus
Schaefer, Michael
Scheitza, Rüdiger
Schenk, Wolfgang
Schepers, Walter
Scherf, Willy
Schill, Hans-Josef
Schlegel, Günter
Schlieper, Henner
Schmeer, Hubert
Schmeer, Norbert
Schmelzer, Peter
Schmidt, Paul
Schmieder, Wilfried
Schmitz, Jörg-Rainer
Schmuck, Richard
Schneider, Joachim
Schneider, Reiner
Schorr, Rainer
Schramm, Helmut
Schubmehl, Johannes
Schwartz, Michael
Schwarz, Rainer
Seaton, R. Christopher
Sick-Sonntag, Ralf
Sieler, Miguel-Heriberto
Simons, Gerhard
Sjut, Volkert
Soland, Kurt
Sommer, Klaus
Spagnol, Tracy
Spinks, Ian
Springer, Heiner
Steenblock, Roland
Stegmüller, Roland
Steiger-Bagel, Axel
Steilemann, Markus
Steiling, Lothar
Stein, Ulrich
Steinhilber, Bernd
Stillings, Herbert
Stracke, Hubert
Struck, Werner
Stübler, Hermann
Sturm, Klaus
Suwelack, Dirk
T
Terhorst, Frank
Thomas, Patrick
Tiemann, Volker
Trebels, Wolfgang
V
Van der Broek, Lykele
Van der Merwe, Richard-Ewald
Van der Stouwe, Claus
Van Lookeren Campagne, Michiel
Van Meirvenne, Dirk
Van Nooy, Michael
Van Osselaer, Tony
Vanacker, Peter
Vayssier, Jean
Vehreschild, Manfred
Von Keutz, Eckhard
Von Koss, Henning
Von Pescatore, Dominikus
Von Podewils, Hans-Christoph
Von Stillfried, Heinrich
W
Waite, Stephen
Waldi, Joachim
Walker, Philippe
Warmbier, Peter
Weber, Benno
Weber, Thomas
Weeks, Joshua
Weidmann, Ernst
Weissmueller, Joachim
Welter, Wolfgang
Wild, Hanno
Wilson, Kirk
Wingen, Franz-Josef
Witasek, Frank
Wolff, Joachim
Wollweber, Detlef
Wright, Paul
Y
Yim, Marcus
Z
Zervoudis, Demetrios
Zijp, Douwe
Zumbaum, Arne
|
|
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218 Glossary
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Glossary
A
A1CNow+ System for measuring the
long-term blood glucose value of diabetes
patients
Acaricide Crop protection agent
for combating mites
Acetylsalicylic
acid Active ingredient of Aspirin®
Adalat®
Drug product for the treatment of
hypertension; active ingredient:
nifedipine
Admire® Insecticide;
active ingredient: imidacloprid; main
applications: vegetables, rice, fruit,
potatoes
Advantage® Antiflea
product for dogs and cats; active
ingredient: imidacloprid
Advantan® Drug product for the
treatment of endogenous and exogenous
eczema; active ingredient:
methylprednisolone aceponate
Advantix® Antiflea/-tick/-mosquito product for dogs;active ingredients: imidacloprid and
permethrin
Advocate® Deworming
agent for dogs and cats to combat internal
and external parasites; active
ingredients: imidacloprid and moxidectin
Aleve® Analgesic; active
ingredient: naproxen
Alfi meprase Active
substance being tested for use as a blood
clot dissolver
Alka-Seltzer®
Drug product that binds excess gastric
acid, to reduce pain and fever
Androcur® Drug product for the
treatment of prostate cancer
Ascensia® Umbrella brand for
blood glucose metering systems and
services
Aspirin® One of the
most famous analgesics in the world;
active ingredient: acetylsalicylic acid
Aspirin® Cardio Drug product
for protection against myocardial
infarction; active ingredient:
acetylsalicylic acid
Atlantis®Herbicide; active ingredients:
mesosulfuron and others; main
applications: wheat, triticale, rye
Avelox® Drug product for the
treatment of respiratory tract infections;
active ingredient: moxifloxacin
B
Bariton® Fungicide for
seed treatment; active ingredients: fluoxastrobin, prothioconazole; main
application: cereals
Basta®
Herbicide; active ingredient:
glufosinate-ammonium; main applications:
plantation crops (e.g. vines, fruit, oil
palms), potatoes and vegetables
bay
59-7939 Substance being tested in the
treatment and prevention of
thromboembolic disorders
Bayblend® Brand name for
polymer blends based on polycarbonate and
acrylo-nitrile butadiene styrene
Baytril® Chemotherapeutic agent
for the treatment of severe veterinary
infectious diseases; active ingredient:
enrofloxacin
Belt®
Insecticide; active ingredient: flubendiamide; main applications:
vegetables, cotton, rice, grapes, applies
Bepanthen® Range of skin care
and wound-healing products; active
ingredient: dexpanthenol
Bepanthol® Range of care
products to treat dry, irritated skin;
active ingredient: panthenol
Betaferon®/Betaseron
® Drug product for the
treatment of multiple sclerosis; active
ingredient: interferon beta-1b
Betanal® Herbicide; active
ingredients: phenmedipham, desmedipham
and ethofumesate; main application:
beets
Biscaya® Insecticide;
active ingredient: thiacloprid; main
applications: canola, potatoes, cereal
C
Campath® Drug product for
the treatment of patients with chronic
lymphocytic leukemia using monoclonal
antibodies
Canesten® Antifungal
drug for infections of the skin; active
ingredient: clotrimazole or bifonazole
Canola Species of rape plant
Ciprobay®/Cipro®
Drug product for the treatment of
infectious diseases; active ingredient:
ciprofloxacin
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Glossary 219 |
Confidor® Insecticide;
active ingredient: imidacloprid; main
applications: vegetables, rice, fruit,
potatoes
Consumer Products Business unit
in Environmental Science
D
Decis® Insecticide;
active ingredient: deltamethrin; main
applications: cotton, vegetables, cereals
E
EfA® Fungicide; active
ingredients: fluoxastrobin,
prothioconazole, tebuconazole,
triazoxide; main application: cereal seed
treatment
Enabling Technologies Technology platform
that can accelerate development work and
provide support for the production of new
products, system solutions and production
processes by the subgroups
Envidor® Acaricide; active
ingredient: spirodiclofen; main
applications: citrus fruit, fruit, nuts,
grapes
Exemptor® Insecticide;
active ingredient: thiacloprid; main
application: commercial horticulture
F
Faktor
Xa inhibitor SEE BAY 59-7939
Fast-track
approval Accelerated FDA
registration procedure for drugs that are
potentially superior to existing
therapeutic options
FiberMax®
Cotton seed for the markets United
States, Turkey, Greece, Spain and Brazil
Flint® Fungicide; active
ingredient: trifloxystrobin; main
applications: cereals, soybeans, fruit,
grapes
Fludara® Drug product
for the treatment of patients with
chronic lymphocytic leukemia; active
ingredient: fludarabine phosphate
Folicur® Fungicide; active
ingredient: tebuconazole; main
applications: cereals, soybeans, canola,
peanuts
Forbid® Insecticide;
active ingredient: spiromesifen; main
application: ornamental plants
Fungicide
Crop protection agent to combat fungal
diseases
G
Gaucho ® Insecticide;
active ingredient: imidacloprid; main
applications: seed dressing for sugar beet,
corn, cereals, cotton, canola
Glucobay
® Drug product for the treatment
of diabetes; active ingredient: acarbose
H
Herbicide Crop protection agent to
combat weeds
I
Infinito® Fungicide;
active ingredients: fluopicolide and
propamocarb HCL; main applications:
potatoes, vegetables, ornamental plants
Insecticide Crop protection agent to
combat animal pests (insects)
InVigor
® Seed for summer canola
K
Key performance indicators Key
indicators that reflect the main points
in the continuous improvement process for
safety and environmental protection
measures
K-Othrine ®
Insecticide; active ingredient:
deltamethrin; main applications: insects
that transmit malaria, sleeping sickness
and Chagas disease
Kogenate ®
Drug product for the treatment of
hemophilia; active ingredient: recombinant
Factor VIII
L
Laudis ® Herbicide;
active ingredient: tembotrione; main
application: corn
Levitra ®
Drug product for the treatment of erectile
dysfunction; active ingredient: vardenafil
Liberty ® Herbicide; active
ingredient: glufosinate-ammonium, main
applications: corn, canola, cotton,
soybeans, rice in conjunction with
herbicide-tolerant technology
Life cycle management Measures taken to
extend the marketing period of registered
products through further development
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220 Glossary
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
M
Magnevist® Contrast agent
for diagnosis in the central nervous
system and body; active ingredient:
dimeglumine gadopen-tetate
magnICON® Innovative technology
for the efficient production of
recombinant proteins in plants
Makrofol® Films made from
Makrolon®
Makrolon®
Brand name for polycarbon-ate; main
applications: electrical/electronic goods,
optical data storage media
(cds
/dvds), glazing (solid
and multiwall sheet), automotive industry
mdi Abbreviation for diphenylmethane
diisocyanate
Merit®
Insecticide; active ingredient:
imidacloprid; main applications:
broad-spectrum insecticide for
non-agricultural grass lawns
Mirena® Intrauterine
contraceptive; active ingredient:
levonolgestrel
Molecular testing systems Diagnostic tests
and equipment for molecular analysis of
infectious diseases and cancer
Multitec® Innovative
polyurethane spray system for the
production of large-format molded parts
N
Naproxen Active ingredient of
Aleve®
Near-patient testing
Diagnostic tests and equipment used
directly at the patients bedside and in
doctors offices
Nexavar®
Proprietary name for the active substance
sorafinib
O
Oberon®
Insecticide/acaricide; active ingredient:
spiromesifen; main applications:
fruit/vegetables, cotton, ornamental
plants
Olympus® Herbicide;
active ingredient: propoxycarbazone
sodium; main application: cereals
One-A-Day® Multivitamin product
with complete daily doses for different
users
Orphan drug status Guarantees
pharmaceutical companies exclusive
marketing rights in a specific indication
for a defined period of time when
developing drugs to treat rare diseases
otc Abbreviation for over-the-counter,
i.e. non-prescription medications
o-tec® Innovative
formulating concept to improve the
biological effect of modern systemic crop
protection active substances
P
PhenoStor® Holographic
data storage system for highly secure
identification applications
Plant-made pharmaceuticals Manufacture of
pharmaceuticals in plants
Polycarbonate
Durable, impact-resistant plastic; see
Makrolon®
Polyester polyol Raw
material for poly-urethane production
Polyether Raw material for polyurethane
production
Polyol Raw material for
polyurethane production
Polyurethane
Important group of plastics
Poncho® Insecticide; active
ingredient: clothianidine; main applications: seed
treatment for corn, canola, sugar beet,
cereals
Pravachol® Drug product
to lower cholesterol; active ingredient:
pravastatin
Primary Care products Products for general
practitioners
Priorin® Drug
product to combat hair loss; active
ingredients: millet, wheat germ oil,
pantothenic acid, L-Cystine
Pritor®/PritorPlus®
Hypertension drug in conjunction with a
diuretic; active ingredient: telmisartan
Profender® Innovative deworming
agent for cats; active ingredients:
emodepsid and praziquantel
Proline® Fungicide; active
ingredient: pro-thioconazole; main
applications: cereals, canola
Propylene
oxide Precursor used in the manufacture of
polyurethane raw materials
Proteus® Insecticide; active
ingredients: thiacloprid, deltamethrin;
main applications: cereal, potatoes,
canola
Puma® Herbicide; active
ingredient: fenoxa-prop-P-ethyl; main
applications: cereals, rice, soybeans,
canola
Q
Quickbayt® Insecticide;
active ingredient: imidacloprid; main
application: fly control in animal
housing
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Bayer Annual Report 2006
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Glossary 221 |
R
Raxil® Fungicide; active
ingredient: tebuconazole; main
applications: seed treatment for wheat
and barley
Rennie® Medicine to
treat heartburn and acid-related stomach
disorders; active ingredients: calcium
carbonate, magnesium carbonate
Rivaroxaban®
See bay 59-7939
S
Scenic® Fungicide for
seed treatment; active ingredients: fluoxastrobin, prothioconazole; main
application: cereals
Skinoren®
Drug product for the treatment of acne;
active ingredient: azelaic acid
Sorafenib
Active ingredient of the anti-cancer drug
Nexavar® and the first oral
multikinase inhibitor that attacks both
tumor cells and the tumor vasculature
Specialty Care Specialist and hospital
business for prescription-only medicines
Sphere® Fungicide; active
ingredients: trifloxystrobin,
cyproconazole; main applications: coffee,
soybeans, cereals, sugar beet
Stakeholders
Our stockholders, employees, business
partners, users of our products and
society in general
Stratego®
Fungicide; active ingredients: trifloxystrobin, propiconazole; main
applications: soybeans, cereals, rice,
corn
Supradyn® Multivitamin and
mineral supplement with trace elements for
protection against general vitamin and
mineral deficiencies
T
Tapestry® Storage system
with a capacity of 300 gb
Tartan Fungicide; active ingredients:
trifloxystrobin, triadimefon; main
application: lawncare
tdi Abbreviation for
toluene diisocyanate
tpu Abbreviation for
thermoplastic polyurethanes
Trasylol® Drug product used
during open-heart surgery; active
ingredient: aprotinin
Triple-i Group-wide
innovation initiative based on the concept
of inspiration, ideas and innovation
U
Ultravist® Contrast
agent for x-ray examinations including
computer tomography; active ingredient:
iopromide
V
Vasovist® Contrast
agent that improves the imaging
examination of the entire circulatory
system; active ingredient: gado-fosveset
trisodium
vegf Trap Protein being tested
for the treatment of eye diseases
vte
Abbreviation for venous thromboem-bolism
W
White & Black® Drug
product to treat cold symptoms
World-scale
facility Facility with an
extremely large production capacity, to
safeguard supplies to individual or
multiple regions of the world
Y
Yasmin® Contraceptive
drug product; active ingredients: ethinyl
estradiol and drospirenone
Yasminelle® Low-dose contraceptive drug
product; active ingredient: ethinyl
estradiol and drospirenone
yaz® Low-dose contraceptive drug
product with a new dosing scheme; active
ingredients: ethinyl estradiol and
drospirenone
Z
Zetia
® Cardiovascular
drug from Schering-Plough which Bayer
plans to jointly market with that company
in Japan once the product has gained
marketing authorization
zk-epo Novel
epothilone being tested for treatment of
solid tumors
Explanations of
further specialist
terminology can be
found at:
www.investor.bayer.com
>Stock
>Glossary
|
|
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222 Index
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Index
|
|
|
|
|
A |
|
|
|
|
Accounting standards |
|
|
108 |
|
Acquisitions |
|
|
134 |
|
Acquisition accounting |
|
|
126 |
|
Annual Stockholders Meeting |
|
Back flap |
|
Asset structure |
|
|
53 |
|
Associates |
|
|
131, 154, 155 |
|
Audit Committee |
|
|
11, 14 |
|
Audit fees |
|
|
198 |
|
Auditor |
|
|
14, 79, 99, 198 |
|
Awards |
|
|
207 |
|
B |
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet |
|
|
53, 101, 150 |
|
Bayer Business Services |
|
Inside front flap |
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
Inside front flap, 5, 26,
39, 60, 66, 92, 96, 106, 129 |
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
Inside front flap, 4, 26,
34, 59, 62, 91, 96, 106, 129 |
|
Bayer Industry Services |
|
Inside front flap, 176 |
|
Bayer Innovation GmbH |
|
|
69, 137 |
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
Inside front flap, 5, 26,
42, 61, 68, 93, 96, 106, 129 |
|
Bayer stock |
|
|
19, 24, 72, 149 |
|
Bayer stock data |
|
|
21 |
|
Bayer Technology Services |
|
Inside front flap, 69 |
|
Board of Management |
|
|
7, 13, 18, 213 |
|
Bonds |
|
|
182 |
|
Business environment |
|
|
29 |
|
Business strategy |
|
|
91 |
|
C |
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
48 |
|
Capital structure |
|
|
53 |
|
Cash flow |
|
|
27, 46, 130, 188 |
|
Changes in stockholders equity |
|
|
159 |
|
Changes in the Bayer Group |
|
|
131 |
|
Commitments and contingencies |
|
|
188 |
|
Compliance Committee |
|
|
16 |
|
Consolidated financial statements |
|
|
12, 97, 109 |
|
Consolidated statements of cash flows |
|
|
102, 117, 141, 196 |
|
Consolidation methods |
|
|
109 |
|
Contact |
|
Inside back flap |
Corporate citizen |
|
|
73, 208 |
|
Corporate Compliance Program |
|
|
16 |
|
Corporate governance |
|
|
6, 11, 13 |
|
Corporate Governance Code |
|
|
13, 14 |
|
Corporate social responsibility |
|
|
6 |
|
Corporate structure |
|
|
214 |
|
Critical accounting policies |
|
|
119 |
|
Currency risk |
|
|
81, 185 |
|
Currency translation |
|
|
110 |
|
D |
|
|
|
|
Derivative financial instruments |
|
|
186 |
|
Discontinued operations |
|
|
106, 141 |
|
Distribution |
|
|
59 |
|
Divestitures |
|
|
138 |
|
Dividend |
|
|
21, 22, 57 |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Index 223 |
|
|
|
|
|
E |
|
|
|
|
Earnings performance |
|
|
25, 52 |
|
Earnings per share |
|
|
19, 23, 149 |
|
Economic hedges |
|
|
186 |
|
Economic outlook |
|
|
89 |
|
Employees |
|
|
58, 144 |
|
Environmental protection |
|
|
71, 124, 177 |
|
Exchange rates |
|
|
110 |
|
Exchange rate risk |
|
|
81, 185 |
|
F |
|
|
|
|
Fair value |
|
|
114, 136, 187 |
|
Financial calendar |
|
Back flap |
|
Financial instruments |
|
|
185 |
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
181 |
|
Financial position |
|
|
25, 48 |
|
Financial risks |
|
|
185 |
|
Financial strategy |
|
|
51 |
|
Five-year financial summary |
|
Inside back flap |
|
Future perspectives |
|
|
95 |
|
G |
|
|
|
|
Glossary |
|
|
218 |
|
Goodwill |
|
|
112, 150 |
|
Governance bodies |
|
|
211 |
|
Group Leadership Circle |
|
|
215 |
|
H |
|
|
|
|
Hedge accounting |
|
|
114, 186 |
|
Highlights |
|
|
201 |
|
Human Resources Committee |
|
|
11, 14 |
|
I |
|
|
|
|
Impairment |
|
|
108, 113 |
|
Impairment testing |
|
|
118 |
|
Income statements |
|
|
100, 142 |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
126, 146 |
|
Independent Auditors Report |
|
|
99 |
|
Indices |
|
|
72, 225 |
|
Innovation and growth |
|
Front flap |
|
Intangible assets |
|
|
112, 119, 150 |
|
Interest expense net |
|
|
145 |
|
Interest rate risk |
|
|
185 |
|
Inventories |
|
|
115, 158 |
|
Investor relations |
|
|
23 |
|
K |
|
|
|
|
Key data by segment and region |
|
|
33, 45, 104 |
|
Key data by subgroup |
|
Inside front flap, 26, 28, 33 |
|
Key performance indicators |
|
|
71 |
|
L |
|
|
|
|
Lanxess |
|
|
140, 141, 195 |
|
Leasing |
|
|
157 |
|
Legal risks |
|
|
82, 190 |
|
M |
|
|
|
|
Management report |
|
|
25 |
|
Managements statement of responsibility
for financial reporting |
|
|
98 |
|
Minority stockholders interest in income/ expense |
|
|
148 |
|
Mission Statement |
|
|
6, 19, 91 |
|
N |
|
|
|
|
Net debt |
|
|
50 |
|
Net income |
|
Inside front flap |
|
News |
|
|
201 |
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
144 |
|
Notes to the consolidated financial statements |
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
|
224 Index
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
O |
|
|
|
|
Objectives for 2006 |
|
|
95 |
|
Organization chart |
|
|
214 |
|
Other financial assets |
|
|
156 |
|
Other financial commitments |
|
|
188 |
|
Other non-operating expense |
|
|
145 |
|
Other non-operating income |
|
|
145 |
|
Other operating expense |
|
|
143 |
|
Other operating income |
|
|
110, 143 |
|
Other receivables |
|
|
117, 157 |
|
P |
|
|
|
|
Pensions |
|
|
82, 123, 163 |
|
Performance by region |
|
|
45 |
|
Performance by segment |
|
|
33 |
|
Performance by subgroup |
|
|
33 |
|
Personnel expenses |
|
|
144 |
|
Portfolio management |
|
|
62 |
|
Presidial Committee |
|
|
11, 13 |
|
Primary financial instruments |
|
|
186 |
|
Procurement and distribution |
|
|
59 |
|
Procurement market risk |
|
|
80 |
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
112, 119, 153 |
|
Proposal for distribution of the profit |
|
|
57 |
|
Provisions |
|
|
84, 124, 125, 173 |
|
Provisions for pensions and other post-employment
benefits |
|
|
163 |
|
R |
|
|
|
|
R&D expenses |
|
|
62, 111 |
|
Recognition and valuation principles |
|
|
110 |
|
Regions |
|
|
45 |
|
Remuneration of the Board of Management |
|
|
75, 199 |
|
Remuneration of the Supervisory Board |
|
|
15, 78 |
|
Research and development |
|
|
62, 121 |
|
Responsible Care |
|
|
70 |
|
Restructuring charges |
|
|
178 |
|
Risk management |
|
|
79, 185 |
|
S |
|
|
|
|
Salaries |
|
(see Remuneration) |
|
Sales |
|
|
25, 110, 122, 142 |
|
Scope of consolidation |
|
|
109, 131 |
|
Segment reporting |
|
|
33, 129 |
|
Segments |
|
|
33, 45, 104 |
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
142 |
|
Share price |
|
|
21 |
|
Statement of recognized income and expense |
|
|
103 |
|
Stock-based compensation |
|
|
59, 174 |
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
53 |
|
Strategy |
|
|
91 |
|
Subsequent events |
|
|
88 |
|
Supervisory Board |
|
|
9, 13, 211 |
|
Sustainability |
|
|
70 |
|
Sustainable development |
|
|
70, 73 |
|
Sustainable investment |
|
|
72 |
|
T |
|
|
|
|
Taxes |
|
|
115 |
|
Trade accounts payable |
|
|
184 |
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
159 |
|
U |
|
|
|
|
UNEP |
|
|
73 |
|
V |
|
|
|
|
Value management |
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
225 |
Global commitment to sustainability.
Social responsibility and sustainability are integral to
Bayers
corporate policy. This commitment is also evidenced by the companys
participation in numerous initiatives and projects around the world. Logos
relating to a selection of these activities appear in the left margin in the
order in which the activities are described below.
Bayer has long practiced the concept of Responsible Care, and in
2006 was among
the first signatories to the new Responsible Care Global Charter. A member of
the World Business Council for Sustainable Development since 1997, Bayer is
also among the founding members of German industrys sustainable development
forum econsense.
Bayer is listed in various indices and represented in investment
funds that
honor companies for pursuing responsible and sustainable corporate strategies.
Examples are the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, the ftse4 Good index
series, the Storebrand Principal Funds and the Advanced Sustainable
Performance Indices (aspi) Eurozone. Bayer actively supports the Global
Reporting Initiative as an organizational stakeholder.
The company places maximum importance on climate protection. For
example, in
2006 Bayer again received the Best in Class award of the Carbon Disclosure
Project (cdp) and was ranked as the best-performing chemical company,
retaining its place in the cdps Climate Leadership Index. Also in 2006, Bayer
was one of the 17 co-founders of the climate protection initiative 3c:
Combating Climate Change.
Bayer is a founding member of the Global Compact initiative of the
United
Nations, actively promoting its principles through numerous projects. In
Brazil, for example, Bayer supports the Abrinq Foundation in its efforts to
combat child labor and also contributes projects of its own to the Brazilian
governments Zero Hunger program. Bayers partnership with the United
Nations Environment Programme (unep) is widely regarded as setting a new trend
in public-private partnerships. One of the joint activities, the program known
as Bayer Young Environmental Envoy in Partnership with unep, has now been
extended to 16 countries on four continents.
In 2006 Bayer funded nine research projects on global drinking
water
protection out of the Global Exploration Fund it set up jointly with National
Geographic, the worlds largest non-profit scientific organization.
For years, Bayer has also been an active member of the Global
Business
Coalition on hiv/aids, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which is committed to the fight against these three epidemic diseases. The company is cooperating with
the Global Alliance for tb Drug Development, a U.S. non-profit organization,
to develop a new remedy for tuberculosis.
|
|
|
226 Masthead
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Masthead
Publisher
Bayer AG, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
Editor
Ute Bode, phone + 49 214 30 58992
Email: ute.bode.ub@bayer-ag.de
English edition
Bayer Industry Services GmbH & Co. OHG
Central Language Service
Investor Relations
Peter Dahlhoff, phone + 49 214 30 33022
Email: peter.dahlhoff@bayer-ag.de
Date of publication
March 15, 2007
Bayer on the Internet
www.bayer.com
issn 0343/1975
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements. These
statements use words like
believes, assumes, expects or similar formulations. Various known and unknown
risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to material differences between the
actual future results, financial situation, assets, development or performance of our
company and those either expressed or implied by these statements. These factors
include, among other things:
|
|
downturns in the business cycle of the industries in which we compete; |
|
|
|
new regulations, or changes to existing regulations, that increase our operating costs or otherwise reduce our
profitability; |
|
|
|
increases in the price of our raw materials, especially if we are unable to pass these costs along to customers; |
|
|
|
loss or reduction of patent protection for our products; |
|
|
|
liabilities, especially those incurred as a result of environmental laws or product liability litigation; |
|
|
|
fluctuation in international currency exchange rates as well as changes in the general economic climate; and |
|
|
|
other factors identified in this Annual Report. |
These factors include those discussed in our public reports filed
with the Frankfurt
Stock Exchange and with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (including our Form
20-F). In view of these uncertainties, we caution readers not to place undue reliance on
these forward -looking statements. We assume no liability whatsoever to update these
forward-looking statements or to conform them to future events or developments.
Important Information from Bayer AG:
This is neither an offer to purchase nor a solicitation of an
offer to sell shares or
American depositary shares of Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly Schering AG). Bayer
Schering GmbH (formerly Dritte BV GmbH) filed a tender offer statement with the U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with respect to the mandatory compensation offer
on November 30, 2006, the time of commencement of the mandatory compensation offer.
Simultaneously Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly Schering AG) filed a
solicitation/recommendation statement on Schedule 14D-9 with the SEC with respect to the
mandatory compensation offer. Investors and holders of shares and American depositary
shares of Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly Schering AG) are strongly advised to read the
tender offer statement and other relevant documents regarding the mandatory compensation offer that have been filed or will be filed with the SEC because they contain important
information. Investors and holders of shares and American depositary shares of Bayer
Schering Pharma AG (formerly Schering AG) will be able to receive these documents free of
charge at the SECs website (www.sec.gov), or at the web-site www.bayer.com.
These documents and information contain forward-looking statements
based on assumptions
and forecasts made by Bayer Group management as of the respective dates of such
documents. Various known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors could lead to
material differences between the actual future results, financial situation, development
or performance of the Bayer Group and/or Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly Schering AG)
and the estimates contained in these documents and to differences between actions taken
by the Bayer Group with respect to its investment in Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly
Schering AG) and the intentions described in these documents. These factors include those
discussed in reports filed with the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and in our reports filed
with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (including on Form 20-F) . All
forward-looking statements in these documents are made as of the dates thereof, based on
information available to us as of the dates thereof. Except as otherwise required by
law, we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect
new information, events o r circumstances after the applicable dates thereof.
The names Bayer Schering Pharma or
Schering as used in this publication always refer
to Bayer Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin,
Germany, respectively.
Five-Year Financial Summary
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group |
|
2002 |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
29,624 |
|
|
|
28,567 |
|
|
|
23,278 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales outside Germany |
|
|
86.4 |
% |
|
|
85.8 |
% |
|
|
86.9 |
% |
|
|
84.4 |
% |
|
|
84.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT1 |
|
|
1,518 |
|
|
|
(1,119 |
) |
|
|
1,875 |
|
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) before income taxes |
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
(1,994 |
) |
|
|
1,222 |
|
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income (loss) after taxes |
|
|
1,063 |
|
|
|
(1,349 |
) |
|
|
682 |
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
23,513 |
|
|
|
18,232 |
|
|
|
16,859 |
|
|
|
20,130 |
|
|
|
35,897 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which goodwill and other intangible assets |
|
|
8,879 |
|
|
|
6,514 |
|
|
|
5,952 |
|
|
|
7,688 |
|
|
|
24,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which property, plant and equipment |
|
|
12,436 |
|
|
|
9,937 |
|
|
|
7,662 |
|
|
|
8,321 |
|
|
|
8,867 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets2 |
|
|
16,890 |
|
|
|
17,673 |
|
|
|
15,972 |
|
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
17,069 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
6,342 |
|
|
|
5,885 |
|
|
|
4,738 |
|
|
|
5,504 |
|
|
|
6,153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables and other current assets |
|
|
9,781 |
|
|
|
9,054 |
|
|
|
7,664 |
|
|
|
7,798 |
|
|
|
8,001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents |
|
|
767 |
|
|
|
2,734 |
|
|
|
3,570 |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
2,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
10,159 |
|
|
|
9,426 |
|
|
|
9,191 |
|
|
|
8,952 |
|
|
|
19,801 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent |
|
|
7,318 |
|
|
|
7,378 |
|
|
|
7,025 |
|
|
|
7,185 |
|
|
|
14,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current |
|
|
2,841 |
|
|
|
2,048 |
|
|
|
2,166 |
|
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest expense net |
|
|
(449 |
) |
|
|
(353 |
) |
|
|
(229 |
) |
|
|
(338 |
) |
|
|
(728 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return on stockholders equity |
|
|
6.5 |
% |
|
|
(9.7 |
)% |
|
|
6.1 |
% |
|
|
14.4 |
% |
|
|
14.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow1 |
|
|
2,782 |
|
|
|
2,864 |
|
|
|
2,885 |
|
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures (total) |
|
|
2,383 |
|
|
|
1,739 |
|
|
|
1,275 |
|
|
|
1,400 |
|
|
|
1,939 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
2,814 |
|
|
|
2,634 |
|
|
|
1,933 |
|
|
|
1,758 |
|
|
|
2,086 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Personnel expenses (including pension expenses) |
|
|
8,176 |
|
|
|
7,906 |
|
|
|
6,026 |
|
|
|
5,318 |
|
|
|
6,630 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of employees (Dec. 31)3 |
|
|
122,600 |
|
|
|
115,400 |
|
|
|
91,700 |
|
|
|
82,600 |
|
|
|
106,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
2,588 |
|
|
|
2,404 |
|
|
|
1,927 |
|
|
|
1,729 |
|
|
|
2,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity including minority interest
(total) |
|
|
15,455 |
|
|
|
12,336 |
|
|
|
10,943 |
|
|
|
11,157 |
|
|
|
12,851 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital stock |
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
1,870 |
|
|
|
1,957 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserves |
|
|
12,405 |
|
|
|
11,704 |
|
|
|
8,227 |
|
|
|
9,287 |
|
|
|
10,894 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
|
|
1,060 |
|
|
|
(1,361 |
) |
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interest |
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
111 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities (total) |
|
|
23,320 |
|
|
|
23,013 |
|
|
|
26,645 |
|
|
|
25,565 |
|
|
|
43,040 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
41,692 |
|
|
|
37,445 |
|
|
|
37,588 |
|
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity ratio |
|
|
37.5 |
% |
|
|
32.9 |
% |
|
|
29.1 |
% |
|
|
30.4 |
% |
|
|
23.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income (loss) |
|
|
1,162 |
|
|
|
(185 |
) |
|
|
274 |
|
|
|
613 |
|
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocation to (from) retained earnings |
|
|
505 |
|
|
|
(550 |
) |
|
|
(128 |
) |
|
|
(81 |
) |
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total dividend payment |
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
365 |
|
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend per share () |
|
|
0.90 |
|
|
|
0.50 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
0.95 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
figures for 2002 through 2004 as reported, 2005 figures restated
|
|
1 |
|
for definition see footnotes to
Bayer Group Key Data table inside front flap |
|
2 |
|
excluding discontinued operations |
|
3 |
|
2002-2004: headcount
2005-2006: full-time equivalents |
Financial Calendar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 Annual Report |
|
March 15, 2007 |
|
|
|
Annual Stockholders Meeting 2007 |
|
April 27, 2007 |
|
|
|
Payment of Dividend |
|
April 30, 2007 |
|
|
|
Q1 2007 Interim Report |
|
May 8, 2007 |
|
|
|
Q2 2007 Interim Report |
|
August 7, 2007 |
|
|
|
Q3 2007 Interim Report |
|
November 6, 2007 |
|
|
|
Annual Stockholders Meeting 2008 |
|
April 25, 2008 |
|
|
|
Payment of Dividend 2008 |
|
April 28, 2008 |
|
|
|
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly
caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft |
|
|
|
|
(Registrant) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
|
/s/ Dr. Roland
Hartwig |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
Title:
|
|
Dr. Roland
Hartwig
General Counsel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
|
/s/ Dr. Alexander Rosar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name:
Title:
|
|
Dr. Alexander Rosar
Head of Investor Relations |
Date:
March 16, 2007