Edgar Filing: UNITED SECURITY BANCSHARES

Document

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2019



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO .

Commission file number: 000-32897

UNITED SECURITY BANCSHARES

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



CALIFORNIA		91-2112732
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2126 Inyo Street, Fresno, California		93721
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrants telephone number, including area code (559) 248-4943

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a small reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer o	Non-accelerated filer o
Small reporting company x		Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Common Stock, no par value

(Title of Class)

Shares outstanding as of April 30, 2019: 16,949,122

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Facing Page

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PART I. Financial Information

	Item 1. Financial Statements

		Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
		Consolidated Statements of Income	4
		Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
		Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
		Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8

	Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		36

		Overview	36
		Results of Operations	37
		Financial Condition	41
		Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow	53
		Regulatory Matters	54

	Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk		56

	Item 4. Controls and Procedures		56

PART II. Other Information
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	58
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	58
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	58
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	58
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	58
	Item 5.	Other Information	58
	Item 6.	Exhibits	58

Signatures			59

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PART I. Financial Information

United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets – (unaudited)

March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018



(in thousands except shares)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and non-interest-bearing deposits in other banks	$	29,398		$	28,949
Due from Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB")	231,303			191,388
Cash and cash equivalents	260,701			220,337
Investment securities (at fair value)
Available for sale ("AFS") securities	62,888			66,426
Marketable equity securities	3,716			3,659
Total investment securities	66,604			70,085
Loans	579,900			587,933
Unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs, net	(283		)	(119		)
Allowance for credit losses	(8,417		)	(8,395		)
Net loans	571,200			579,419
Premises and equipment - net	9,593			9,837
Accrued interest receivable	9,485			8,341
Other real estate owned	5,745			5,745
Goodwill	4,488			4,488
Deferred tax assets - net	3,171			3,174
Cash surrender value of life insurance	20,388			20,244
Operating lease right-of-use assets	3,247			—
Other assets	9,418			11,388
Total assets	$	964,040		$	933,058

Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Non-interest-bearing	$	300,476		$	292,720
Interest-bearing	531,101			512,923
Total deposits	831,577			805,643

Accrued interest payable	81			57
Operating lease liabilities	3,343			—
Other liabilities	7,392			7,963
Junior subordinated debentures (at fair value)	10,454			10,155
Total liabilities	852,847			823,818
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, no par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding: 16,949,122 at March 31, 2019 and 16,946,622 at December 31, 2018	58,723			58,624
Retained earnings	52,080			49,942
Accumulated other comprehensive income	390			674
Total shareholders' equity	111,193			109,240
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	964,040		$	933,058

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)



	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In thousands except shares and EPS)	2019			2018
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans	$	8,642		$	8,226
Interest on investment securities	477			193
Interest on deposits in FRB	1,298			384
Total interest income	10,417			8,803

Interest Expense:
Interest on deposits	834			387
Interest on other borrowed funds	123			90
Total interest expense	957			477

Net Interest Income	9,460			8,326
Provision (Recovery of Provision) for Credit Losses	6			(189		)
Net Interest Income after Provision (Recovery of Provision) for Credit Losses	9,454			8,515

Noninterest Income:
Customer service fees	809			951
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	145			125
Gain (loss) on fair value of marketable equity securities	57			(60		)
Gain on proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	—			171
Gain (loss) on fair value of junior subordinated debentures	414			(470		)
Loss on dissolution of real estate investment trust	(109		)	—
Other	207			205
Total noninterest income	1,523			922

Noninterest Expense:
Salaries and employee benefits	2,772			2,961
Occupancy expense	813			765
Data processing	107			52
Professional fees	813			588
Regulatory assessments	93			83
Director fees	91			80
Correspondent bank service charges	14			17
Loss on California tax credit partnership	—			5
Net cost on operation and sale of OREO	65			51
Other	579			398
Total noninterest expense	5,347			5,000

Income Before Provision for Taxes	5,630			4,437
Provision for Taxes on Income	1,623			1,280
Net Income	$	4,007		$	3,157

Net Income per common share
Basic	$	0.24		$	0.19
Diluted	$	0.24		$	0.19
Shares on which net income per common shares were based
Basic	16,947,040			16,890,243
Diluted	16,972,630			16,917,599

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)



(In thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Net Income	$	4,007		$	3,157

Unrealized holdings gain (loss) on securities	288			(254		)
Unrealized gains on unrecognized post-retirement costs	14			9
Unrealized (loss) gain on junior subordinated debentures	(705		)	567
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax	(403		)	322
Tax (expense) benefit related to securities	(85		)	79
Tax expense related to unrecognized post-retirement costs	(4		)	(3		)
Tax benefit (expense) related to junior subordinated debentures	208			(168		)
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(284		)	230
Comprehensive Income	$	3,723		$	3,387

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity

(unaudited)



	Common Stock
(In thousands except shares)	Number of Shares	Amount		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Total
(In thousands except shares)	Number of Shares	Amount		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Gain			Total
Balance December 31, 2017 (1)	16,885,615	$	57,880	$	44,182		$	(710	)	$	101,352
(1) Excludes 46,511 unvested restricted shares

Adoption of ASU 2016-01: reclassification of TRUPS to accumulated other comprehensive income				(1,482		)	1,482			—
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: recognition of previously unrealized losses within marketable equity securities				(184		)	184			—
Adjusted balance at January 1, 2018	16,885,615	$	57,880	$	42,516		$	956		$	101,352

Other comprehensive income							230			230
Dividends payable ($0.09 per share)				(1,521		)				(1,521		)
Restricted stock units released	13,000									—
Stock-based compensation expense		291								291
Net income				3,157						3,157
Balance March 31, 2018 (2)	16,898,615	$	58,171	$	44,152		$	1,186		$	103,509
(2) Excludes 116,597 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss							(512		)	(512		)
Dividends on common stock ($0.19 per share)				(3,211		)				(3,211		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)				(1,859		)				(1,859		)
Restricted stock units released	48,007									—
Stock-based compensation expense		453								453
Net income				10,860						10,860
Balance December 31, 2018 (3)	16,946,622	$	58,624	$	49,942		$	674		$	109,240
(3) Excludes 59,217 unvested restricted shares

Other comprehensive loss							(284		)	(284		)
Dividends payable ($0.11 per share)				(1,869		)				(1,869		)
Restricted stock units released	2,500									—
Stock-based compensation expense		99								99
Net income				4,007						4,007
Balance March 31, 2019 (4)	16,949,122	$	58,723	$	52,080		$	390		$	111,193
(4) Excludes 58,717 unvested restricted shares

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)



	Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)	2019			2018
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net Income	$	4,007		$	3,157
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	6			(189		)
Depreciation and amortization	355			334
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	(148		)	—
Amortization of investment securities	150			137
Accretion of investment securities	(1		)	(1		)
Increase in accrued interest receivable	(1,143		)	(887		)
Increase in accrued interest payable	24			3
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	905			(1,711		)
Decrease in unearned fees and unamortized loan origination costs, net	164			71
Decrease in income taxes receivable	1,501			1,419
Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities	(57		)	60
Stock-based compensation expense	99			291
(Provision) benefit for deferred income taxes	(86		)	29
Gain on bank owned life insurance	—			(171		)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance	(145		)	(125		)
(Gain) loss on fair value option of junior subordinated debentures	(414		)	470
Loss on tax credit limited partnership interest	—			5
Loss on dissolution of trust	109			—
Net increase in other assets	(2,503		)	(253		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,823			2,639

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
Purchase of correspondent bank stock	(9		)	(3		)
Principal payments of available-for-sale securities	3,677			2,265
Net decrease in loans	8,050			5,508
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	—			376
Capital expenditures of premises and equipment	(111		)	(295		)
Net cash provided by investing activities	11,607			7,851

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
Net increase in demand deposits and savings accounts	35,090			44,010
Net (decrease) increase in time deposits	(9,156		)	2,913
Net cash provided by financing activities	25,934			46,923

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	40,364			57,413
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	220,337			107,934
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	260,701		$	165,347

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United Security Bancshares and Subsidiaries - Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - (Unaudited)


1.	Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of United Security Bancshares and its wholly owned subsidiary United Security Bank (the “Bank”)(collectively the “Company” or “USB”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

These unaudited financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial information on a basis consistent with the accounting policies reflected in the audited financial statements of the Company included in its 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These interim financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of a normal, recurring nature) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the year as a whole.

Reclassifications:

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to confirm to the classifications used in 2019. None of the reclassifications had an impact on equity or net income.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers:

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, the Company must identify the contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company’s primary sources of revenue are derived from interest and dividends earned on loans, investment securities, and other financial instruments that are not within the scope of Topic 606. The Company has evaluated the nature of its contracts with customers and determined that further disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers into more granular categories beyond what is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income was not necessary. The Company generally fully satisfies its performance obligations on its contracts with customers as services are rendered and the transaction prices are typically fixed; charged either on a periodic basis or based on activity. Because performance obligations are satisfied as services are rendered and the transaction prices are fixed, there is little judgment involved in applying Topic 606 that significantly affects the determination of the amount and timing of revenue from contracts with customers. The Company adopted Topic 606 using the modified retrospective method on all contracts not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of Topic 606 did not result in a material change to the accounting for any of the in-scope revenue streams. As such, no cumulative effect adjustment was recorded.

Leases:

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases, if necessary, are included in property and equipment, other current liabilities, and other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Operating lease ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As most of the leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of future payments. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards:

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The FASB issued this Update to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key

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information about leasing arrangements. To meet that objective, the FASB is amending the FASB Accounting Standards Codification® and creating Topic 842, Leases. This Update, along with IFRS 16, Leases, are the results of the FASB’s and the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB’s) efforts to meet that objective and improve financial reporting. The Company adopted the New Lease Standard as of January 1, 2019 using a modified retrospective transition. Under the effective date method, financial result reported in periods prior to 2019 are unchanged. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients, which among other things did not require assessment of lease classification. See Note 7 - Leases for additional information.

In July 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which amends ASC 842, Leases. The amendments in this Update allowed lessors to combine lease and associated nonlease components by class of underlying asset in contract that meet certain criteria. For a lessor to qualify for this practical expedient, the lease and related nonlease components must have the same timing and pattern of transfer, and the lease component, if accounted for on a stand-alone basis, would be classified as an operating lease. Additionally the Update provided an optional method for adopting the new leasing guidance. The optional transition method allows entities to apply the new guidance at the adoption date by recognizing a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of the retained earnings, and not to restate the comparative periods presented. The Company has elected to use the practical expedient, and optional method of adoption as set-forth in this Update. See Note 7 - Leases for additional information.

Recently Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted:

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses (Topic 326). The FASB is issuing this Update to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The Update requires enhanced disclosures and judgments in estimating credit losses and also amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. This amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company has formed a project team that is responsible for oversight of the Company’s implementation strategy for compliance with provisions of the new standard. An external provider specializing in community bank loss driver and CECL reserving model design as well as other related consulting services has been retained, and the Company has begun to evaluate potential CECL modeling alternatives. As part of this process, the Company has determined potential loan pool segmentation and sub-segmentation under CECL, as well as evaluated the key economic loss drivers for each segment. The Company presently plans to generate and evaluate model scenarios under CECL in tandem with its current reserving processes for interim and annual reporting periods in 2019. While the Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the impact of adopting this new guidance, management expects the impact of adoption will be significantly influenced by the composition and quality of the Company’s loans and investment securities as well as the economic conditions as of the date of adoption. The Company also anticipates significant changes to the processes and procedures for calculating the reserve for credit losses and continues to evaluate the potential impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350). The FASB is issuing this Update to eliminate the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit's carrying amount over its fair value. This ASU will be effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 (i.e. calendar periods beginning on January 1, 2020, and interim periods therein. The Company does not expect any impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements resulting from the adoption of this Update.

In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in this Update modify the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, based on the concepts within FASB's Concepts Statement, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The amendment calls for the removal, modification, and addition of certain disclosure aspects to promote the appropriate exercise of discretion by entities when considering fair value measurement disclosures. The amendments of the update will become effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company does not expect the requirements of this Update to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In October 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-16, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes. The amendments in this Update allow entities to designate a change in the benchmark interest rate utilized for fixed-rate financial instruments, from the previously utilized LIBOR rate. For public business entities amendments of the update will become effective in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company continues to review the potential impact resulting from such a change. As of March 31, 2019, the Company continues to utilize the LIBOR rate for fixed-rate financial

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instruments. The Company does not expect the requirements of this Update to have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.


2.	Investment Securities

Following is a comparison of the amortized cost and fair value of securities available-for-sale, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
March 31, 2019
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agencies	$	34,592	$	141	$	(247	)	$	34,486
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	28,536		146		(280		)	28,402
Total securities available for sale	$	63,128	$	287	$	(527	)	$	62,888



(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
December 31, 2018
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agencies	$	36,665	$	117	$	(255	)	$	36,527
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	30,289		51		(441		)	29,899
Total securities available for sale	$	66,954	$	168	$	(696	)	$	66,426

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale at March 31, 2019, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Contractual maturities on collateralized mortgage obligations cannot be anticipated due to allowed paydowns.



	March 31, 2019
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
(in 000's)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value (Carrying Amount)
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—
Due after one year through five years	—		—
Due after five years through ten years	4,443		4,436
Due after ten years	30,149		30,050
Collateralized mortgage obligations	28,536		28,402
	$	63,128	$	62,888

There were no realized gains or losses on sales of available-for-sale securities for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018. There were no other-than-temporary impairment losses for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2019, available-for-sale securities with an amortized cost of approximately $56,142,000 (fair value of $55,867,000) were pledged as collateral for FHLB borrowings, securitized deposits, and public funds balances.

Management periodically evaluates each available-for-sale investment security in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary.

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The following summarizes temporarily impaired investment securities:



(in 000's)	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
March 31, 2019	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses
Securities available for sale:	Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value (Carrying Amount)		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government agencies	$	17,390	$	(144	)	6,720		(103		)	$	24,110	$	(247	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	—		—			15,600		(280		)	15,600		(280		)
Total impaired securities	$	17,390	$	(144	)	$	22,320	$	(383	)	$	39,710	$	(527	)

December 31, 2018
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Government agencies	$	19,085	$	(148	)	$	6,874	$	(107	)	$	25,959	$	(255	)
U.S. Government sponsored entities & agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations	—		—			16,681		(441		)	16,681		(441		)
Total impaired securities	$	19,085	$	(148	)	$	23,555	$	(548	)	$	42,640	$	(696	)

Temporarily impaired securities at March 31, 2019, were comprised of nine U.S. government agency securities, and eleven U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations securities.

The Company evaluates investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) at least quarterly, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. The investment securities portfolio is evaluated for OTTI by segregating the portfolio into two general segments and applying the appropriate OTTI model. Investment securities classified as available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are generally evaluated for OTTI under ASC Topic 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Instruments. Certain purchased beneficial interests, including non-agency mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and collateralized debt obligations, are evaluated under ASC Topic 325-40, Beneficial Interest in Securitized Financial Assets.

In the first segment, the Company considers many factors in determining OTTI, including: (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, (3) whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions, and (4) whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. The assessment of whether an other-than-temporary decline exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to the Company at the time of the evaluation.

The second segment of the portfolio uses the OTTI guidance that is specific to purchased beneficial interests including private label mortgage-backed securities. Under this model, the Company compares the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation date to the current expected remaining cash flows. An OTTI is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.

Additionally, OTTI occurs when the Company intends to sell the security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss. If the Company intends to sell or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis less any current-period credit loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value at the balance sheet date. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost

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basis less any current-period loss, the other-than-temporary-impairment shall be separated into the amount representing the credit loss and the amount related to all other factors. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to the credit loss is recognized in earnings, and is determined based on the difference between the present value of cash flows expected to be collected and the current amortized cost of the security. The amount of the total other-than-temporary-impairment related to other factors shall be recognized in other comprehensive (loss) income, net of applicable taxes. The previous amortized cost basis less the other-than-temporary-impairment recognized in earnings shall become the new amortized cost basis of the investment.

At March 31, 2019, the decline in fair value of the nine U.S. government agency securities, and the eleven U.S. government sponsored entities and agencies collateralized by mortgage obligations securities is attributable to changes in interest rates, and not credit quality. Because the Company does not have the intent to sell these impaired securities, and it is not more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before its anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at March 31, 2019.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized $57,000 of unrealized gains related to equity securities held at March 31, 2019 in the consolidated statements of income. During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized $60,000 of unrealized losses related to equity securities held at March 31, 2018 in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company had no held-to-maturity or trading securities at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.


3.	Loans

Loans are comprised of the following:



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial and industrial:
Commercial and business loans	$	54,857	$	55,929
Government program loans	835		1,049
Total commercial and industrial	55,692		56,978
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	233,785		229,448
Residential mortgages	61,281		59,431
Home improvement and home equity loans	288		321
Total real estate mortgage	295,354		289,200
Real estate construction and development	102,961		108,795
Agricultural	55,112		61,149
Installment and student loans	70,781		71,811
Total loans	$	579,900	$	587,933

The Company's loans are predominantly in the San Joaquin Valley and the greater Oakhurst/East Madera County area, as well as the Campbell area of Santa Clara County. Although the Company does participate in loans with other financial institutions, they are primarily in the state of California.

Commercial and industrial loans represent 9.6% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and are generally made to support the ongoing operations of small-to-medium sized commercial businesses. Commercial and industrial loans have a high degree of industry diversification and provide working capital, financing for the purchase of manufacturing plants and equipment, or funding for growth and general expansion of businesses. A substantial portion of commercial and industrial loans are secured by accounts receivable, inventory, leases, or other collateral including real estate. The remainder are unsecured; however, extensions of credit are predicated upon the financial capacity of the borrower. Repayment of commercial loans is generally from the cash flow of the borrower.

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Real estate mortgage loans, representing 50.9% of total loans at March 31, 2019, are secured by trust deeds on primarily commercial property, but are also secured by trust deeds on single family residences. Repayment of real estate mortgage loans generally comes from the cash flow of the borrower and or guarantor(s).

•

Commercial real estate mortgage loans comprise the largest segment of this loan category and are available on all types of income producing and non-income producing commercial properties, including: office buildings, shopping centers; apartments and motels; owner occupied buildings; manufacturing facilities and more. Commercial real estate mortgage loans can also be used to refinance existing debt. Commercial real estate loans are made under the premise that the loan will be repaid from the borrower's business operations, rental income associated with the real property, or personal assets.


•	Residential mortgage loans are provided to individuals to finance or refinance single-family residences. Residential mortgages are not a primary business line offered by the Company, and a majority are conventional mortgages that were purchased as a pool.


•	Home Improvement and Home Equity loans comprise a relatively small portion of total real estate mortgage loans. Home equity loans are generally secured by junior trust deeds, but may be secured by 1^st trust deeds.

Real estate construction and development loans, representing 17.8% of total loans at March 31, 2019, consist of loans for residential and commercial construction projects, as well as land acquisition and development, or land held for future development. Loans in this category are secured by real estate including improved and unimproved land, as well as single-family residential, multi-family residential, and commercial properties in various stages of completion. All real estate loans have established equity requirements. Repayment on construction loans generally comes from long-term mortgages with other lending institutions obtained at completion of the project or from the sale of the constructed homes to individuals.

Agricultural loans represent 9.5% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and are generally secured by land, equipment, inventory and receivables. Repayment is from the cash flow of the borrower.

Installment loans, including student loans, represent 12.2% of total loans at March 31, 2019 and generally consist of student loans, loans to individuals for household, family and other personal expenditures, automobiles or other consumer items. See Note 4 - Student Loans for specific information on the student loan portfolio.

In the normal course of business, the Company is party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, these financial instruments include commitments to extend credit of $202,905,000 and $144,643,000, respectively, and standby letters of credit of $908,000 and $1,183,000, respectively. These instruments involve elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized on the consolidated balance sheet. The contract amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of the involvement the Company has in off-balance sheet financial instruments.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to the financial instrument for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual amounts of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer, as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. A majority of these commitments are at floating interest rates based on the Prime rate. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates. The Company evaluates each customer's creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management's credit evaluation. Collateral held varies but includes accounts receivable, inventory, leases, property, plant and equipment, residential real estate and income-producing properties.

Standby letters of credit are generally unsecured and are issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Bank entered into a Small Business Administration (SBA) 504 Loan Forward Purchase Commitment to buy a one hundred percent (100%) interest in up to $30 million, first mortgage, California SBA 504 loans on a flow basis with servicing released by the Seller.

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Past Due Loans

The Company monitors delinquency and potential problem loans on an ongoing basis through weekly reports to the Loan Committee and monthly reports to the Board of Directors.

The following is a summary of delinquent loans at March 31, 2019 (in 000's):



March 31, 2019	Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and business loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	54,857	$	54,857	$	—
Government program loans	—		—		—		—		835		835		—
Total commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		55,692		55,692		—
Commercial real estate loans	—		—		—		—		233,785		233,785		—
Residential mortgages	—		—		—		—		61,281		61,281		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		288		288		—
Total real estate mortgage	—		—		—		—		295,354		295,354		—

Real estate construction and development loans	—		—		8,825		8,825		94,136		102,961		—
Agricultural loans	—		—		—		—		55,112		55,112		—

Installment and student loans	561		102		134		797		69,827		70,624		134
Overdraft protection lines	—		—		—		—		44		44		—
Overdrafts	—		—		—		—		113		113		—
Total installment and student loans	561		102		134		797		69,984		70,781		134
Total loans	$	561	$	102	$	8,959	$	9,622	$	570,278	$	579,900	$	134

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The following is a summary of delinquent loans at December 31, 2018 (in 000's):



December 31, 2018	Loans 30-60 Days Past Due		Loans 61-89 Days Past Due		Loans 90 or More Days Past Due		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans		Accruing Loans 90 or More Days Past Due
Commercial and business loans	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	55,929	$	55,929	$	—
Government program loans	—		—		—		—		1,049		1,049		—
Total commercial and industrial	—		—		—		—		56,978		56,978		—
Commercial real estate loans	—		—		389		389		229,059		229,448		—
Residential mortgages	32		—		—		32		59,399		59,431		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		321		321		—
Total real estate mortgage	32		—		389		421		288,779		289,200		—
Real estate construction and development loans	—		—		8,825		8,825		99,970		108,795		—
Agricultural loans	—		—		—		—		61,149		61,149		—

Installment and student loans	130		139		—		269		71,362		71,631		—
Overdraft protection lines	—		—		—		—		41		41		—
Overdrafts	—		—		—		—		139		139		—
Total installment and student loans	130		139		—		269		71,542		71,811		—
Total loans	$	162	$	139	$	9,214	$	9,515	$	578,418	$	587,933	$	—

Nonaccrual Loans

Commercial, construction and commercial real estate loans are placed on nonaccrual status under the following circumstances:

- When there is doubt regarding the full repayment of interest and principal.

- When principal and/or interest on the loan has been in default for a period of 90-days or more, unless the asset is both well secured and in the process of collection that will result in repayment in the near future.

- When the loan is identified as having loss elements and/or is risk rated "8" Doubtful.

Other circumstances which jeopardize the ultimate collectability of the loan including certain troubled debt restructurings, identified loan impairment, and certain loans to facilitate the sale of OREO.

Loans meeting any of the preceding criteria are placed on nonaccrual status and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income.

All loans, outside of student loans, where principal or interest is due and unpaid for 90 days or more are placed on nonaccrual and the accrual of interest for financial statement purposes is discontinued. Previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed and charged against interest income. See Note 4 - Student Loans for specific information on the student loan portfolio.

When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status and subsequent payments of interest (and principal) are received, the interest received may be accounted for in two separate ways.

Cost recovery method: If the loan is in doubt as to full collection, the interest received in subsequent payments is diverted from interest income to a valuation reserve and treated as a reduction of principal for financial reporting purposes.

Cash basis: This method is only used if the recorded investment or total contractual amount is expected to be fully collectible, under which circumstances the subsequent payments of interest are credited to interest income as received.

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Loans on non-accrual status are usually not returned to accrual status unless all delinquent principal and/or interest has been brought current, there is no identified element of loss, and current and continued satisfactory performance is expected (loss of the contractual amount not the carrying amount of the loan). Return to accrual is generally demonstrated through the timely receipt of at least six monthly payments on a loan with monthly amortization.

There were no remaining undisbursed commitments to extend credit on nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The following is a summary of nonaccrual loan balances at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in 000's).



	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial and business loans	$	—	$	—
Government program loans	—		—
Total commercial and industrial	—		—

Commercial real estate loans	—		389
Residential mortgages	—		—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—
Total real estate mortgage	—		389

Real estate construction and development loans	11,629		11,663
Agricultural loans	—		—
Installment and student loans	—		—

Total loans	$	11,629	$	12,052

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

The Company applies its normal loan review procedures in making judgments regarding probable losses and loan impairment. The Company evaluates for impairment those loans on nonaccrual status, graded doubtful, graded substandard or those that are troubled debt restructures. The primary basis for inclusion in impaired status under generally accepted accounting pronouncements is that it is probable that the Bank will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

A loan is not considered impaired if there is merely an insignificant delay or shortfall in the amounts of payments and the Company expects to collect all amounts due, including interest accrued, at the contractual interest rate for the period of the delay.

Review for impairment does not include large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated to estimate the allowance for loan losses. The Company’s present allowance for loan losses methodology, including migration analysis, captures required reserves for these loans in the formula allowance.

For loans determined to be impaired, the Company evaluates impairment based upon either the fair value of underlying collateral, discounted cash flows of expected payments, or observable market price.

For loans secured by collateral including real estate and equipment, the fair value of the collateral less selling costs will determine the carrying value of the loan. The difference between the recorded investment in the loan and the fair value, less selling costs, determines the amount of impairment. The Company uses the measurement method based on fair value of collateral when the loan is collateral dependent and foreclosure is probable. For loans that are not considered collateral dependent, a discounted cash flow methodology is used.


-	The discounted cash flow method of measuring the impairment of a loan is used for impaired loans that are not considered to be collateral dependent. Under this method, the Company assesses both the amount and timing of cash flows expected from impaired loans. The estimated cash flows are discounted using the loan's effective interest rate. The difference

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between the amount of the loan on the Bank's books and the discounted cash flow amounts determines the amount of impairment to be provided. This method is used for most of the Company’s troubled debt restructurings or other impaired loans where some payment stream is being collected.


-	The observable market price method of measuring the impairment of a loan is only used by the Company when the sale of loans or a loan is in process.

The method for recognizing interest income on impaired loans is dependent on whether the loan is on nonaccrual status or is a troubled debt restructure. For income recognition, the existing nonaccrual and troubled debt restructuring policies are applied to impaired loans. Generally, except for certain troubled debt restructurings which are performing under the restructure agreement, the Company does not recognize interest income received on impaired loans, but reduces the carrying amount of the loan for financial reporting purposes.

Loans other than certain homogeneous loan portfolios are reviewed on a quarterly basis for impairment. Impaired loans are written down to estimated realizable values by the establishment of specific reserves for loan utilizing the discounted cash flow method, or charge-offs for collateral-based impaired loans, or those using observable market pricing.

The following is a summary of impaired loans at March 31, 2019 (in 000's).



March 31, 2019	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (2)		Interest Recognized (2)
Commercial and business loans	$	2,091	$	512	$	1,588	$	2,100	$	786	$	2,312	$	35
Government program loans	282		284		—		284		—		288		5
Total commercial and industrial	2,373		796		1,588		2,384		786		2,600		40

Commercial real estate loans	1,825		919		915		1,834		394		1,571		13
Residential mortgages	1,856		382		1,480		1,862		68		1,950		24
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate mortgage	3,681		1,301		2,395		3,696		462		3,521		37

Real estate construction and development loans	11,629		11,629		—		11,629		—		11,646		43
Agricultural loans	712		—		716		716		520		767		17
Installment and student loans	30		30		—		30		—		35		1

Total impaired loans	$	18,425	$	13,756	$	4,699	$	18,455	$	1,768	$	18,569	$	138

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of $30.

(2) Information is based on the three months ended ended March 31, 2019.

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The following is a summary of impaired loans at December 31, 2018 (in 000's).



December 31, 2018	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance		Recorded Investment With No Allowance (1)		Recorded Investment With Allowance (1)		Total Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (2)		Interest Recognized (2)
Commercial and business loans	$	2,513	$	470	$	2,054	$	2,524	$	787	$	2,955	$	179
Government program loans	291		292		—		292		—		254		20
Total commercial and industrial	2,804		762		2,054		2,816		787		3,209		199

Commercial real estate loans	1,305		389		919		1,308		394		1,370		60
Residential mortgages	2,028		391		1,646		2,037		75		2,412		117
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total real estate mortgage	3,333		780		2,565		3,345		469		3,782		177

Real estate construction and development loans	11,663		11,663		—		11,663		—		9,144		331
Agricultural loans	543		—		818		818		520		1,014		81

Installment and student loans	41		41		—		41		—		48		5

Total impaired loans	$	18,384	$	13,246	$	5,437	$	18,683	$	1,776	$	17,197	$	793

(1) The recorded investment in loans includes accrued interest receivable of $299.

(2) Information is based on the twelve month period ended December 31, 2018.

In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructurings for which the loan is performing under the current contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, income is recognized under the accrual method.

The average recorded investment in impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was $18,569,000 and $14,180,000, respectively. Interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was approximately $138,000 and $170,000, respectively. For impaired nonaccrual loans, interest income recognized under a cash-basis method of accounting was approximately $43,000 and $63,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Troubled Debt Restructurings

In certain circumstances, when the Company grants a concession to a borrower as part of a loan restructuring, the restructuring is accounted for as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). TDRs are reported as a component of impaired loans.

A TDR is a type of restructuring in which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession (either imposed by court order, law, or agreement between the borrower and the Bank) to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. Although the restructuring may take different forms, the Company's objective is to maximize recovery of its investment by granting relief to the borrower.

A TDR may include, but is not limited to, one or more of the following:

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- A transfer from the borrower to the Company of receivables from third parties, real estate, other assets, or an equity interest in the borrower is granted to fully or partially satisfy the loan.

- A modification of terms of a debt such as one or a combination of:


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the stated interest rate.


◦	The extension of the maturity date or dates at a stated interest rate lower than the current market rate for new debt with similar risk.


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of the face amount or maturity amount of debt as stated in the instrument or agreement.


◦	The reduction (absolute or contingent) of accrued interest.

For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be, among other factors, at least 6 months successful payment history and continued satisfactory performance is expected. To this end, the Company typically performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to meet payments over the remaining life of the loan. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determination that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans, will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status. Although the Company does not have a policy which specifically addresses when a loan may be removed from TDR classification, as a matter of practice, loans classified as TDRs generally remain classified as such until the loan either reaches maturity or its outstanding balance is paid off.

There were no TDR additions for the three months ended March 31, 2019.

The following tables illustrates TDR additions for the three months ended March 31, 2018:



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
($ in 000's)	Number of Contracts	Pre- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Number of Contracts which Defaulted During Period	Recorded Investment on Defaulted TDRs
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Commercial and business loans	—	$	—	$	—	—	$	—
Government program loans	—	—		—		—	—
Commercial real estate term loans	—	—		—		—	—
Single family residential loans	—	—		—		—	—
Home improvement and home equity loans	—	—		—		—	—
Real estate construction and development loans	—	—		—		1	310
Agricultural loans	—	—		—		—	—
Installment and student loans	—	—		—		—	—
Overdraft protection lines	—	—		—		—	—
Total loans	—	$	—	$	—	1	$	310

The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate discounts, payment extensions, and other-than-temporary forbearance. At March 31, 2019, the Company had 15 restructured loans totaling $6,340,000 as compared to 17 restructured loans totaling $7,059,000 at December 31, 2018.

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The following tables summarize TDR activity by loan category for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018 (in 000's).



Three Months Ended March 31, 2019	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Beginning balance	$	75		$	1,305		$	2,029		$	—	$	2,838		$	812		$	—	$	7,059

Additions	—			—			—			—		—			—			—		—

Principal reductions	(18		)	(389		)	(172		)	—		(34		)	(101		)	—		(714		)

Charge-offs	—			(5		)	—			—		—			—			—		(5		)

Ending balance	$	57		$	911		$	1,857		$	—	$	2,804		$	711		$	—	$	6,340

Allowance for loan loss	$	—		$	394		$	68		$	—	$	—		$	520		$	—	$	982
Defaults	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—



Three Months Ended March 31, 2018	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate		Residential Mortgages			Home Improvement and Home Equity		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans		Total
Beginning balance	$	436		$	1,233	$	2,542		$	—	$	5,951		$	1,200		$	—	$	11,362

Additions	—			—		—			—		—			—			—		—

Principal additions (reductions)	(226		)	81		(17		)	—		(1,035		)	(90		)	—		(1,287		)

Charge-offs	(63		)	—		—			—		—			—			—		(63		)

Ending balance	$	147		$	1,314	$	2,525		$	—	$	4,916		$	1,110		$	—	$	10,012

Allowance for loan loss	$	—		$	464	$	109		$	—	$	—		$	786		$	—	$	1,359
Defaults	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	(310	)	$	—		$	—	$	(310	)

Credit Quality Indicators

As part of its credit monitoring program, the Company utilizes a risk rating system which quantifies the risk the Company estimates it has assumed during the life of a loan. The system rates the strength of the borrower and the facility or transaction, and is designed to provide a program for risk management and early detection of problems.

For each new credit approval, credit extension, renewal, or modification of existing credit facilities, the Company assigns risk ratings utilizing the rating scale identified in this policy. In addition, on an on-going basis, loans and credit facilities are reviewed for internal and external influences impacting the credit facility that would warrant a change in the risk rating. Each credit facility is to be given a risk rating that takes into account factors that materially affect credit quality.

When assigning risk ratings, the Company evaluates two risk rating approaches, a facility rating and a borrower rating as follows:

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Facility Rating:

The facility rating is determined by the analysis of positive and negative factors that may indicate that the quality of a particular loan or credit arrangement requires that it be rated differently from the risk rating assigned to the borrower. The Company assesses the risk impact of these factors:

Collateral - The rating may be affected by the type and quality of the collateral, the degree of coverage, the economic life of the collateral, liquidation value and the Company's ability to dispose of the collateral.

Guarantees - The value of third party support arrangements varies widely. Unconditional guaranties from persons with demonstrable ability to perform are more substantial than that of closely related persons to the borrower who offer only modest support.

Unusual Terms - Credit may be extended on terms that subject the Company to a higher level of risk than indicated in the rating of the borrower.

Borrower Rating:

The borrower rating is a measure of loss possibility based on the historical, current and anticipated financial characteristics of the borrower in the current risk environment. To determine the rating, the Company considers at least the following factors:

- Quality of management

- Liquidity

- Leverage/capitalization

- Profit margins/earnings trend

- Adequacy of financial records

- Alternative funding sources

- Geographic risk

- Industry risk

- Cash flow risk

- Accounting practices

- Asset protection

- Extraordinary risks

The Company assigns risk ratings to loans other than consumer loans and other homogeneous loan pools based on the following scale. The risk ratings are used when determining borrower ratings as well as facility ratings. When the borrower rating and the facility ratings differ, the lowest rating applied is:


-	Grades 1 and 2 – These grades include loans which are given to high quality borrowers with high credit quality and sound financial strength. Key financial ratios are generally above industry averages and the borrower’s strong earnings history or net worth. These may be secured by deposit accounts or high-grade investment securities.

Grade 3 – This grade includes loans to borrowers with solid credit quality with minimal risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios are generally in line with industry averages, and the borrower has historically demonstrated the ability to manage economic adversity. Real estate and asset-based loans assigned this risk rating must have characteristics, which place them well above the minimum underwriting requirements for those departments. Asset-based borrowers assigned this rating must exhibit extremely favorable leverage and cash flow characteristics, and consistently demonstrate a high level of unused borrowing capacity.

Grades 4 and 5 – These include “pass” grade loans to borrowers of acceptable credit quality and risk. The borrower’s balance sheet and financial ratios may be below industry averages, but above the lowest industry quartile. Leverage is above and liquidity is below industry averages. Inadequacies evident in financial performance and/or management sufficiency are offset by readily available features of support, such as adequate collateral, or good guarantors having the liquid assets and/or cash flow capacity to repay the debt. The borrower may have recognized a loss over three or four years, however recent earnings trends, while perhaps somewhat cyclical, are improving and cash flows are adequate to cover debt service and fixed obligations. Real estate and asset-borrowers fully comply with all underwriting standards and are performing according to projections would be assigned this rating. These also include grade 5 loans which are “leveraged” or on management’s “watch list.” While still considered pass loans (loans given a grade 5), the borrower’s financial condition, cash flow or operations evidence more than average risk and short term

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weaknesses, these loans warrant a higher than average level of monitoring, supervision and attention from the Company, but do not reflect credit weakness trends that weaken or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position. Loans with a grade rating of 5 are not normally acceptable as new credits unless they are adequately secured or carry substantial endorser/guarantors.

Grade 6 – This grade includes “special mention” loans which are loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak. This generally is an interim grade classification and should usually be upgraded to an Acceptable rating or downgraded to Substandard within a reasonable time period. Weaknesses in special mention loans may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention loans are often loans with weaknesses inherent from the loan origination, loan servicing, and perhaps some technical deficiencies. The main theme in special mention credits is the distinct probability that the classification will deteriorate to a more adverse class if the noted deficiencies are not addressed by the loan officer or loan management.

Grade 7 – This grade includes “substandard” loans which are inadequately supported by the current sound net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that may impair the regular liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans exhibit a distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Substandard loans also include impaired loans.

Grade 8 – This grade includes “doubtful” loans which exhibit the same characteristics as the Substandard loans with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the loan, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include a proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral and refinancing plans.

Grade 9 – This grade includes loans classified “loss” which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset even though partial recovery may be achieved in the future.

The Company did not carry any loans graded as loss at March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018.

The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for commercial, construction, and other non-consumer related loans for March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Real Estate Construction and Development		Agricultural		Total
March 31, 2019
(in 000's)
Grades 1 and 2	$	310	$	2,869	$	—	$	—	$	3,179
Grade 3	—		1,019		—		—		1,019
Grades 4 and 5 – pass	51,380		225,815		91,332		54,400		422,927
Grade 6 – special mention	1,654		3,167		—		—		4,821
Grade 7 – substandard	2,348		915		11,629		712		15,604
Grade 8 – doubtful	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	55,692	$	233,785	$	102,961	$	55,112	$	447,550

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	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Real Estate Construction and Development		Agricultural		Total
December 31, 2018
(in 000's)
Grades 1 and 2	$	324	$	2,881	$	—	$	80	$	3,285
Grade 3	—		1,028		—		—		1,028
Grades 4 and 5 – pass	53,843		222,970		97,132		60,256		434,201
Grade 6 – special mention	48		2,180		—		—		2,228
Grade 7 – substandard	2,763		389		11,663		813		15,628
Grade 8 – doubtful	—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	56,978	$	229,448	$	108,795	$	61,149	$	456,370

The Company follows consistent underwriting standards outlined in its loan policy for consumer and other homogeneous loans but, does not specifically assign a risk rating when these loans are originated. Consumer loans are monitored for credit risk and are considered “pass” loans until some issue or event requires that the credit be downgraded to special mention or worse.

The following tables summarize the credit risk ratings for consumer related loans and other homogeneous loans for March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



	March 31, 2019								December 31, 2018
	Residential Mortgages		Home Improvement and Home Equity		Installment and Student Loans		Total		Residential Mortgages		Home Improvement and Home Equity		Installment and Student Loans		Total
(in 000's)	Residential Mortgages		Home Improvement and Home Equity		Installment and Student Loans		Total		Residential Mortgages		Home Improvement and Home Equity		Installment and Student Loans		Total
Not graded	$	47,193	$	268	$	69,716	$	117,177	$	49,563	$	300	$	70,990	$	120,853
Pass	13,298		20		901		14,219		9,186		21		780		9,987
Special mention	585		—		134		719		470		—		—		470
Substandard	205		—		30		235		212		—		41		253
Doubtful	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	61,281	$	288	$	70,781	$	132,350	$	59,431	$	321	$	71,811	$	131,563

Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company analyzes risk characteristics inherent in each loan portfolio segment as part of the quarterly review of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The following summarizes some of the key risk characteristics for the ten segments of the loan portfolio (Consumer loans include three segments):

Commercial and industrial loans – Commercial loans are subject to the effects of economic cycles and tend to exhibit increased risk as economic conditions deteriorate, or if the economic downturn is prolonged. The Company considers this segment to be one of higher risk given the size of individual loans and the balances in the overall portfolio.

Government program loans – This is a relatively a small part of the Company’s loan portfolio, but has historically had a high percentage of loans that have migrated from pass to substandard given their vulnerability to economic cycles.

Commercial real estate loans – This segment is considered to have more risk in part because of the vulnerability of commercial businesses to economic cycles as well as the exposure to fluctuations in real estate prices because most of these loans are secured by real estate. Losses in this segment have however been historically low because most of the loans are real estate secured, and the bank maintains appropriate loan-to-value ratios.

Residential mortgages – This segment is considered to have low risk factors both from the Company and peer statistics. These loans are secured by first deeds of trust. The losses experienced over the past sixteen quarters are isolated to approximately three loans and are generally the result of short sales.

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Home improvement and home equity loans – Because of their junior lien position, these loans have an inherently higher risk level. Because residential real estate has been severely distressed in the recent past, the anticipated risk for this loan segment has increased.

Real estate construction and development loans –This segment of loans is considered to have a higher risk profile due to construction and market value issues in conjunction with normal credit risks.

Agricultural loans – This segment is considered to have risks associated with weather, insects, and marketing issues. In addition, concentrations in certain crops or certain agricultural areas can increase risk.

Installment and student loans (Includes consumer loans, student loans, overdrafts, and overdraft protection lines) – This segment is higher risk because many of the loans are unsecured. Additionally, in the case of student loans, there are increased risks associated with liquidity as there is a significant time lag between funding of a student loan and eventual repayment.

The following summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan category for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in 000's).



Three Months Ended	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage			Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
March 31, 2019	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage			Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	1,673		$	1,015		$	2,424		$	1,131		$	1,559		$	593	$	8,395
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	(107		)	(20		)	(236		)	(162		)	308			223		6

Charge-offs	—			(5		)	—			—			(103		)	—		(108		)
Recoveries	47			5			—			—			72			—		124
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	47			—			—			—			(31		)	—		16

Ending balance	$	1,613		$	995		$	2,188		$	969		$	1,836		$	816	$	8,417
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	786			462			—			520			—			—		1,768
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	827			533			2,188			449			1,836			816		6,649
Ending balance	$	1,613		$	995		$	2,188		$	969		$	1,836		$	816	$	8,417



Three Months Ended	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated			Total
March 31, 2018	Commercial and Industrial			Real Estate Mortgage		Real Estate Construction Development			Agricultural			Installment and Student Loans			Unallocated			Total
Beginning balance	$	1,408		$	1,182	$	2,903		$	1,631		$	887		$	1,256		$	9,267
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses	614			17		(41		)	(289		)	(140		)	(350		)	(189		)

Charge-offs	(88		)	—		—			—			(4		)	—			(92		)
Recoveries	51			5		—			—			74			—			130
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(37		)	5		—			—			70			—			38

Ending balance	$	1,985		$	1,204	$	2,862		$	1,342		$	817		$	906		$	9,116
Period-end amount allocated to:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment	996			558		—			785			—			—			2,339
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	989			646		2,862			557			817			906			6,777
Ending balance	$	1,985		$	1,204	$	2,862		$	1,342		$	817		$	906		$	9,116

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The following summarizes information with respect to the loan balances at March 31, 2019 and 2018.



	March 31, 2019						March 31, 2018
	Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total Loans		Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total Loans
(in 000's)	Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total Loans		Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment		Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment		Total Loans
Commercial and business loans	$	2,100	$	52,757	$	54,857	$	3,298	$	49,216	$	52,514
Government program loans	284		551		835		318		614		932
Total commercial and industrial	2,384		53,308		55,692		3,616		49,830		53,446

Commercial real estate loans	1,834		231,951		233,785		1,615		208,496		210,111
Residential mortgage loans	1,862		59,419		61,281		2,533		79,642		82,175
Home improvement and home equity loans	—		288		288		—		445		445
Total real estate mortgage	3,696		291,658		295,354		4,148		288,583		292,731

Real estate construction and development loans	11,629		91,332		102,961		4,606		120,740		125,346

Agricultural loans	716		54,396		55,112		1,116		56,499		57,615

Installment and student loans	30		70,751		70,781		84		66,660		66,744

Total loans	$	18,455	$	561,445	$	579,900	$	13,570	$	582,312	$	595,882


4.	Student Loans

Included in installment loans are $67,081,000 and $68,221,000 in student loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, made to medical and pharmacy school students. Upon graduation the loan is automatically placed on deferment for 6 months. This may be extended up to 48 months for graduates enrolling in Internship, Medical Residency or Fellowship. As approved the student may receive additional deferment for hardship or administrative reasons in the form of forbearance for a maximum of 24 months throughout the life of the loan. Accrued interest on loans that had not entered repayment status totaled $6,841,000 at March 31, 2019 and $5,866,000 at December 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019 there were 552 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented $14,254,000, $2,881,000, and $5,586,000, respectively. At December 31, 2018, there were 595 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented $15,526,000, $1,945,000 and $7,336,000, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 the risks within the student loan portfolio were assessed and it was determined that along with the calculation of the general reserve of $853,000, an additional allowance of $925,000 was appropriate, for a total reserve against the student loan portfolio of $1,778,000. The additional allowance was determined as a percentage of the forbearance loan total and a 100% reserve against student loans rated special mention. The percentage utilized for the calculation against forbearance loans was increased during the period. At December 31, 2018 the general reserve for the student loan portfolio was $880,000 with an additional allowance of $640,000, for a total reserve against the student loan portfolio of $1,520,000. There were no TDR's within the portfolio as of March 31, 2019 or December 31, 2018. The yield on the student loan portfolio was 8.12% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 6.34% for the year ended December 31, 2018.

We utilize Reunion Student Loan Finance Corporation ("RSLFC") as our third-party servicer for the student loan portfolio. RSLFC provides servicing for the student loan portfolio, including application administration, processing, approval, documenting, funding, and collection. They also provide file custodial responsibilities. Except in cases where applicants/loans do not meet program requirements, or extreme delinquency, we are reliant on RSLFC for complete program management. We pay RSLFC a monthly servicing fee based on the principal balance outstanding. Interest income on the student loan portfolio offsets this expense, and is presented net of expense within loan interest income.

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The following tables summarize the credit quality indicators for outstanding student loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):



	March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest
School	991	$	42,165	$	6,073	1,056	$	42,852	$	5,494
Grace	87	2,195		436		23	562		81
Repayment	338	14,254		109		366	15,526		118
Deferment	71	2,881		152		48	1,945		79
Forbearance	143	5,586		180		181	7,336		212
Total	1,630	$	67,081	$	6,950	1,674	$	68,221	$	5,984

School - The time in which the borrower is still actively in school at least half time. No payments are expected during this stage, though the borrower may begin immediate payments.

Grace - A six month period of time granted to the borrower immediately upon graduation, or if deemed no longer an active student. Interest continues to accrue. Upon completion of the six month grace period the loan is transferred to repayment status. Additionally, if applicable, this status may represent a borrower activated to military duty while in their in-school period, they will be allowed to return to that status once their active duty has expired. The borrower must return to an at least half time status within six months of the active duty end date in order to return to an in-school status.

Repayment - The time in which the borrower is no longer actively in school at least half time, and has not received an approved grace, deferment, or forbearance. Regular payment is expected from these borrowers under an allotted payment plan.

Deferment - May be granted up to 48 months for borrowers who have begun the repayment period on their loans but are (1) actively enrolled in an eligible school at least half time, or (2) are actively enrolled in an approved and verifiable medical residency, internship, or fellowship program.

Forbearance - The period of time during which the borrower may postpone making principal and interest payments, which may be granted for either hardship or administrative reasons. Interest will continue to accrue on loans during periods of authorized forbearance. If the borrower is delinquent at the time the forbearance is granted, the delinquency will be covered by the forbearance and all accrued and unpaid interest from the date of delinquency or if none, from the date of beginning of the forbearance period, will be capitalized at the end of each forbearance period. The term of the loan will not change and payments may be increased to allow the loan to pay off in the required time frame. A forbearance that results in only a delay in payment considered insignificant, is not a concessionary change in terms provided the borrower affirms the obligation. Forbearance is not an uncommon status designation, this designation is standard industry practice, and is consistent with the succession of students migrating to employed medical professionals.

Student Loan Aging

Student loans are generally charged off at the end of the month during which an account becomes 120 days contractually past due. Accrued but unpaid interest related to charged off student loans is reversed and charged against interest income. As of March 31, 2019, $4,000 in accrued interest receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $103,000 within the student loan portfolio. As of December 31, 2018, $26,000 in accrued interest receivable was reversed, due to charge-offs of $388,000 within the student loan portfolio.

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The following tables summarize the student loan aging for loans in repayment and forbearance as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):



	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
	Number of Borrowers	Amount		Number of Borrowers	Amount
Current or less than 31 days	224	$	19,043	248	$	22,534
31 - 60 days	6	561		2	130
61 - 90 days	2	102		4	140
91 - 120 days	1	134		1	58
Total	233	$	19,840	255	$	22,862


5.	Deposits

Deposits include the following:



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	300,476	$	292,720
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and money market accounts	365,587		340,445
Savings accounts	92,237		90,046
Time deposits:
Under $250,000	52,322		60,875
$250,000 and over	20,955		21,557
Total interest-bearing deposits	531,101		512,923
Total deposits	$	831,577	$	805,643

* CDARs reciprocal deposits are no longer considered brokered deposits for the Company.


6.	Short-term Borrowings/Other Borrowings

At March 31, 2019, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $295,925,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $3,954,000. At March 31, 2019, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank (PCBB) totaling $10,000,000, a Fed Funds line of $10,000,000 with Union Bank, and a Fed Funds line of $20,000,000 with Zions First National Bank. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. These lines of credit have interest rates that are generally tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans. As of March 31, 2019, $15,526,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $437,547,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at March 31, 2019, as collateral for borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank. At March 31, 2019, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.

At December 31, 2018, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $287,446,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) lines of credit totaling $4,119,000. At December 31, 2018, the Company had an uncollateralized line of credit with Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB") and Union Bank totaling $10,000,000 each, with a Fed Funds line of $20,000,000 at Zions First National Bank. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to the Federal Funds rate or are indexed to short-term U.S. Treasury rates or LIBOR. FHLB advances are collateralized by the Company’s stock in the FHLB, investment securities, and certain qualifying mortgage loans. As of December 31, 2018, $4,338,000 in investment securities at FHLB were pledged as collateral for FHLB advances. Additionally, $421,393,000 in secured and unsecured loans were pledged at December 31, 2018, as collateral for used and unused borrowing lines with the Federal Reserve Bank. At December 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings.

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7.	Leases

The Company leases land and premises for its branch banking offices, administration facilities, and ATMs. The initial terms of these leases expire at various dates through 2025. Under the provisions of most of these leases, the Company has the option to extend the leases beyond their original terms at rental rates adjusted for changes reported in certain economic indices or as reflected by market conditions. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise that option. As of March 31, 2019, the Company had 12 operating leases and no financing leases.

The components of lease expense were as follows:



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019
Operating lease expense	191
Short-term lease expense	—
Variable lease expense	—
Sublease income	—
Total	$	191

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	185
ROU assets originally obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	3,395
Weighted-average remaining lease term in years for operating leases	7.16
Weighted-average discount rate for operating leases	5.02		%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:



	Twelve Months Ended
(in 000's)	March 31, 2019
2020	$	639
2021	623
2022	544
2023	530
2024	520
Thereafter	1,142
Total undiscounted cash flows	3,998
Less: present value discount	(655		)
Present value of net future minimum lease payments	$	3,343


8.	Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures

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	Three months ended March 31,
(in 000's)	2019			2018
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	933		$	474
Income taxes	—			—
Noncash investing activities:
Unrealized gain on unrecognized post retirement costs	14			9
Unrealized gain (loss) on available for sale securities	288			(254		)
Unrealized (loss) gain on TRUPs	(705		)	567
Cash dividend declared	1,869			1,521
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: reclassification of TRUPs to accumulated other comprehensive income	—			1,482
Adoption of ASU 2016-01: recognition of previously unrealized losses within CRA Fund	—			184
Adoption of ASU 2016-02: recognition of lease right-of-use (ROU) asset	3,395			—
Adoption of ASU 2016-02: recognition of lease liability	3,486			—


9.	Dividends on Common Stock

On March 26, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.11 per share on the Company's common stock. The dividend was payable on April 17, 2019, to shareholders of record as of April 8, 2019. Approximately $1,869,000 was transfered from retained earnings to dividends payable to allow for distribution of the dividend to shareholders.

During 2017, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $3 million of the outstanding common stock of the Company. The timing of the purchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, available funds, and alternative uses of capital. The stock repurchase program may be carried out through open-market purchases, block trades, or negotiated private transactions. At this time, no shares have been repurchased.


10.	Net Income per Common Share

The following table provides a reconciliation of the numerator and the denominator of the basic EPS computation with the numerator and the denominator of the diluted EPS computation:



	Three months ended March 31,
	2019		2018
Net income (000's, except per share amounts)	$	4,007	$	3,157

Weighted average shares issued	16,947,040		16,890,243
Add: dilutive effect of stock options	25,590		27,356
Weighted average shares outstanding adjusted for potential dilution	16,972,630		16,917,599

Basic earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.19
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.24	$	0.19
Anti-dilutive stock options excluded from earnings per share calculation	60,000		130,000


11.	Taxes on Income

The Company periodically reviews its tax positions under the accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes, which defines the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial statement

benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority and all available information is known to the taxing authority.

The Company periodically evaluates its deferred tax assets to determine whether a valuation allowance is required based upon a determination that some or all of the deferred assets may not be ultimately realized. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company had no recorded valuation allowance. The Company is no longer subject to IRS examination for years before 2014.

The Company's policy is to recognize any interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. Interest and penalties recognized during the periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 were insignificant.

The Company reported a provision for income taxes of $1,623,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the $1,280,000 provision reported in the comparable period of 2018. The effective tax rate was 28.83% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to 28.85% for the comparable period of 2018.


12.	Junior Subordinated Debt/Trust Preferred Securities

Effective September 30, 2009 and beginning with the quarterly interest payment due October 1, 2009, the Company elected to defer interest payments on the Company's $15.0 million of junior subordinated debentures relating to its trust preferred securities. The terms of the debentures and trust indentures allow for the Company to defer interest payments for up to 20 consecutive quarters without default or penalty. During the period that the interest deferrals were elected, the Company continued to record interest expense associated with the debentures. As of June 30, 2014, the Company ended the extension period, paid all accrued and unpaid interest, and is currently making quarterly interest payments. The Company may redeem the junior subordinated debentures at any time at par.

During August 2015, the Bank purchased $3.0 million of the Company's junior subordinated debentures related to the Company's trust preferred securities at a fair value discount of 40%. Subsequently, in September 2015, the Company purchased those shares from the Bank and canceled $3.0 million in par value of the junior subordinated debentures, realizing a $78,000 gain on redemption. The contractual principal balance of the Company's debentures relating to its trust preferred securities is $12.0 million as of March 31, 2019.

The fair value guidance generally permits the measurement of selected eligible financial instruments at fair value at specified election dates. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company elected the fair value option for its junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust II. The Company believes the election of fair value accounting for the junior subordinated debentures better reflects the true economic value of the debt instrument on the balance sheet. The rate paid on the junior subordinated debt issued under USB Capital Trust II is 3-month LIBOR plus 129 basis points, and is adjusted quarterly.

At March 31, 2019 the Company performed a fair value measurement analysis on its junior subordinated debt using a cash flow model approach to determine the present value of those cash flows. The cash flow model utilizes the forward 3-month LIBOR curve to estimate future quarterly interest payments due over the thirty-year life of the debt instrument. These cash flows were discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for additional credit and liquidity risks associated with the junior subordinated debt. We believe the 5.30% discount rate used represents what a market participant would consider under the circumstances based on current market assumptions. At March 31, 2019, the total cumulative gain recorded on the debt is $2,131,000.

The net fair value calculation performed as of March 31, 2019 resulted in a net pretax loss adjustment of $291,000 ($205,000, net of tax) for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to a net pretax gain adjustment of $97,000 ($57,000, net of tax) for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the net $291,000 ($205,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a $414,000 gain ($292,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a $705,000 loss ($497,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the net $97,000 ($57,000, net of tax) fair value loss adjustment was separately presented as a $470,000 loss ($331,000, net of tax) recognized on the consolidated statements of income, and a $567,000 gain ($399,000, net of tax) associated with the instrument specific credit risk recognized in other comprehensive income.

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13.	Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure

The following summary disclosures are made in accordance with the guidance provided by ASC Topic 825, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (formerly Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments), which requires the disclosure of fair value information about both on- and off-balance sheet financial instruments where it is practicable to estimate that value.

Generally accepted accounting guidance clarifies the definition of fair value, describes methods used to appropriately measure fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands fair value disclosure requirements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting pronouncements require or permit fair value measurements.

The fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3). Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets (as defined) for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, and reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability (including assumptions about risk).

The table below is a summary of fair value estimates for financial instruments and the level of the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurements are categorized at the periods indicated:



March 31, 2019
(in 000's)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	260,701	$	260,701	$	260,701	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	66,604		62,888		3,716		62,888		—
Loans	571,200		559,951		—		—		559,951
Accrued interest receivable	9,485		9,485		—		9,485		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	300,476		300,476		300,476		—		—
NOW and money market	365,587		365,587		365,587		—		—
Savings	92,237		92,237		92,237		—		—
Time deposits	73,277		72,653		—		—		72,653
Total deposits	831,577		830,953		758,300		—		72,653
Junior subordinated debt	10,454		10,454		—		—		10,454
Accrued interest payable	81		81		—		81		—

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December 31, 2018
(in 000's)	Carrying Amount		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices In Active Markets for Identical Assets Level 1		Significant Other Observable Inputs Level 2		Significant Unobservable Inputs Level 3
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	220,337	$	220,337	$	220,337	$	—	$	—
Investment securities	70,085		70,085		3,659		66,426		—
Loans	579,419		566,195		—		—		566,195
Accrued interest receivable	8,341		8,341		—		8,341		—
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	292,720		292,720		292,720		—		—
NOW and money market	340,445		340,445		340,445		—		—
Savings	90,046		90,046		90,046		—		—
Time deposits	82,432		81,745		—		—		81,745
Total deposits	805,643		804,956		723,211		—		81,745
Junior subordinated debt	10,155		10,155		—		—		10,155
Accrued interest payable	57		57		—		57		—

The Company performs fair value measurements on certain assets and liabilities as the result of the application of current accounting guidelines. Some fair value measurements, such as investment securities and junior subordinated debt are performed on a recurring basis, while others, such as impairment of loans, other real estate owned, goodwill and other intangibles, are performed on a nonrecurring basis.

The Company’s Level 1 financial assets consist of money market funds and highly liquid mutual funds for which fair values are based on quoted market prices. The Company’s Level 2 financial assets include highly liquid debt instruments of U.S. government agencies, collateralized mortgage obligations, and debt obligations of states and political subdivisions, whose fair values are obtained from readily-available pricing sources for the identical or similar underlying security that may, or may not, be actively traded. The Company’s Level 3 financial assets include certain instruments where the assumptions may be made by us or third parties about assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. From time to time, the Company recognizes transfers between Level 1, 2, and 3 when a change in circumstances warrants a transfer. There were no transfers in or out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements during the three month period ended March 31, 2019.

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair values of financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis:

Investment Securities – Available for sale and marketable equity securities are valued based upon open-market price quotes obtained from reputable third-party brokers that actively make a market in those securities. Market pricing is based upon specific CUSIP identification for each individual security. To the extent there are observable prices in the market, the mid-point of the bid/ask price is used to determine fair value of individual securities. If that data is not available for the last 30 days, a Level 2-type matrix pricing approach based on comparable securities in the market is utilized. Level 2 pricing may include using a forward spread from the last observable trade or may use a proxy bond like a TBA mortgage to come up with a price for the security being valued. Changes in fair market value are recorded through other comprehensive loss as the securities are available for sale.

Impaired Loans - Fair value measurements for collateral dependent impaired loans are performed pursuant to authoritative accounting guidance and are based upon either collateral values supported by appraisals and observed market prices. Collateral dependent loans are measured for impairment using the fair value of the collateral. Changes are recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings.

Other Real Estate Owned - Nonrecurring adjustments to certain commercial and residential real estate properties classified as other real estate owned (OREO) are measured at the lower of carrying amount or fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are

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generally based on third party appraisals of the property, resulting in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized.

Junior Subordinated Debt – The fair value of the junior subordinated debt was determined based upon a discounted cash flows model utilizing observable market rates and credit characteristics for similar debt instruments. In its analysis, the Company used characteristics that market participants generally use, and considered factors specific to (a) the liability, (b) the principal (or most advantageous) market for the liability, and (c) market participants with whom the reporting entity would transact in that market. Cash flows are discounted at a rate which incorporates a current market rate for similar-term debt instruments, adjusted for credit and liquidity risks associated with similar junior subordinated debt and circumstances unique to the Company. The Company believes that the subjective nature of theses inputs, due primarily to the current economic environment, require the junior subordinated debt to be classified as a Level 3 fair value.

The following table provides a description of the valuation technique, unobservable input, and qualitative information about the unobservable inputs for the Company’s assets and liabilities classified as Level 3 and measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:



March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
Financial Instrument	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average	Financial Instrument	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Weighted Average
Junior Subordinated Debt	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	5.30%	Junior Subordinated Debt	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate	5.86%

Management believes that the credit risk adjusted spread utilized in the fair value measurement of the junior subordinated debentures carried at fair value is indicative of the nonperformance risk premium a willing market participant would require under current market conditions, that is, the inactive market. Management attributes the change in fair value of the junior subordinated debentures during the period to market changes in the nonperformance expectations and pricing of this type of debt, and not as a result of changes to our entity-specific credit risk. The narrowing of the credit risk adjusted spread above the Company’s contractual spreads has primarily contributed to the negative fair value adjustments. Generally, an increase in the credit risk adjusted spread and/or a decrease in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in positive fair value adjustments (and decrease the fair value measurement). Conversely, a decrease in the credit risk adjusted spread and/or an increase in the three month LIBOR swap curve will result in negative fair value adjustments (and increase the fair value measurement). The increase in discount rate between the periods ended March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 is primarily due to increases in rates for similar debt instruments.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 (in 000’s):



Description of Assets	March 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2):
U.S. Government agencies	$	34,486	$	—	$	34,486	$	—
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations	28,402		—		28,402		—
Total AFS securities	$	62,888	$	—	$	62,888	$	—

Marketable equity securities (2)	3,716		3,716		—		—

Total	$	66,604	$	3,716	$	62,888	$	—

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Description of Liabilities	March 31, 2019		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)	Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)	Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2)	$	10,454	—	—	$	10,454
Total	$	10,454	—	—	$	10,454

(1)Nonrecurring

(2)Recurring

There were no non-recurring fair value adjustments at March 31, 2019.

The following tables summarize the Company’s assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 (in 000’s):



Description of Assets	December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
AFS Securities (2):
U.S. Government agencies	$	36,527	$	—	$	36,527	$	—
U.S. Government collateralized mortgage obligations	29,899		—		29,899		—
Total AFS securities	66,426		—		66,426		$	—

Marketable equity securities (2)	3,659		3,659		—		—
Impaired Loans (1):
Real estate mortgage	389		—		—		389
Total impaired loans	389		—		—		389
Total	$	70,474	$	3,659	$	66,426	$	389



Description of Liabilities	December 31, 2018		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Junior subordinated debt (2)	$	10,155	$	—	$	—	$	10,155
Total	$	10,155	$	—	$	—	$	10,155

(1)Nonrecurring

(2)Recurring

The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for the Company's assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at December 31, 2018 (in 000's). There were no assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2019.

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December 31, 2018
Financial Instrument	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Adjustment Percentage
Impaired Loans:
Real estate mortgage	$389	Fair Value of Collateral Method for Collateral Dependent Loans	Adjustment for difference between appraised value and net realizable value	9.43%

The following tables provide a reconciliation of assets and liabilities at fair value using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on a recurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in 000’s):



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
Reconciliation of Liabilities:	Junior Subordinated Debt			Junior Subordinated Debt
Beginning balance	$	10,155		$	9,730
Gross (gain) loss included in earnings	(414		)	470
Gross loss (gain) related to changes in instrument specific credit risk	705			(567		)
Change in accrued interest	8			8
Ending balance	$	10,454		$	9,641
The amount of total (gain) loss for the period included in earnings attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses relating to liabilities still held at the reporting date	$	(414	)	$	470


14.	Goodwill and Intangible Assets

At March 31, 2019, the Company had goodwill in the amount of $4,488,000 in connection with various business combinations and purchases. This amount was unchanged from the balance of $4,488,000 at December 31, 2018. While goodwill is not amortized, the Company does conduct periodic impairment analysis on goodwill at least annually or more often as conditions require. The Company performed its analysis of goodwill impairment and concluded goodwill was not impaired at March 31, 2019.


15.	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income, included in shareholders’ equity, are as follows:

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	March 31, 2019									December 31, 2018
(in 000's)	Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures			Net unrealized loss on available for sale securities			Unfunded status of the supplemental retirement plans			Net unrealized gain on junior subordinated debentures
Beginning balance	$	(372	)	$	(459	)	$	1,505		$	(248	)	$	(462	)	$	—
Reclassifications upon adoption of ASU 2016-01	—			—			—			184			—			1,482
Adjusted beginning balance	(372		)	(459		)	1,505			(64		)	(462		)	1,482
Current period comprehensive income (loss)	203			10			(497		)	(308		)	3			23
Ending balance	$	(169	)	$	(449	)	$	1,008		$	(372	)	$	(459	)	$	1,505
Accumulated other comprehensive income							$	390								$	674


16.	Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Nonrecognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date. Management has reviewed events occurring through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued and have identified no subsequent events requiring disclosure.

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Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

Certain matters discussed or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report of Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those described in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following factors: i) competitive pressures in the banking industry and changes in the regulatory environment; ii) exposure to changes in the interest rate environment and the resulting impact on the Company’s interest rate sensitive assets and liabilities; iii) decline in the health of the economy nationally or regionally which could reduce the demand for loans or reduce the value of real estate collateral securing most of the Company’s loans; iv) credit quality deterioration that could cause an increase in the provision for loan losses; v) Asset/Liability matching risks and liquidity risks; vi) volatility and devaluation in the securities markets, vi) expected cost savings from recent acquisitions are not realized, vii) potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets, and viii) technology implementation problems and information security breaches. Therefore, the information set forth therein should be carefully considered when evaluating the business prospects of the Company. For additional information concerning risks and uncertainties related to the Company and its operations, please refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

United Security Bancshares (the “Company” or “Holding Company") is a California corporation incorporated during March of 2001 and is registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a bank holding company under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. United Security Bank (the “Bank”) is a wholly-owned bank subsidiary of the Company and was formed in 1987. References to the Company are references to United Security Bancshares (including the Bank). References to the Bank are to United Security Bank, while references to the Holding Company are to the parent only, United Security Bancshares. The Company currently has eleven banking branches, which provide financial services in Fresno, Madera, Kern, and Santa Clara counties in the state of California.

Trends Affecting Results of Operations and Financial Position

The Company’s overall operations are impacted by a number of factors, including not only interest rates and margin spreads, which impact the results of operations, but also the composition of the Company’s balance sheet. One of the primary strategic goals of the Company is to maintain a mix of assets that will generate a reasonable rate of return without undue risk, and to finance those assets with a low-cost and stable source of funds. Liquidity and capital resources must also be considered in the planning process to mitigate risk and allow for growth.

Since the Bank primarily conducts banking operations in California’s Central Valley, its operations and cash flows are subject to changes in the economic condition of the Central Valley. Our business results are dependent in large part upon the business activity, population, income levels, deposits and real estate activity in the Central Valley, and declines in economic conditions can have adverse material effects upon the Bank. In addition, the Central Valley remains largely dependent on agriculture. A downturn in agriculture and agricultural related business could indirectly and adversely affect the Company as many borrowers and customers are involved in, or are impacted to some extent, by the agricultural industry. While a great number of our borrowers are not directly involved in agriculture, they would likely be impacted by difficulties in the agricultural industry since many jobs in our market areas are ancillary to the regular production, processing, marketing and sale of agricultural commodities. In recent periods, the imposition by the US of tariffs on China and several other countries has resulted in retaliation by those countries against US agricultural imports. This has created a high degree of uncertainty and disruption in the agricultural community in the Central Valley due to the potential to adversely impact prices. Beginning in 2011, the state of California recently experienced one of the worst droughts in recorded history. While the drought has subsequently been declared over, it is not possible to quantify the drought's impact on businesses and consumers located in the Company's market areas or to predict adverse economic impacts related to future droughts. In response to the prolonged drought, the California state legislature passed the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act with the purpose to ensure better local and regional management of groundwater use and sustainable groundwater management in California by 2042. The timing and potential impact of this Act on agriculture and agriculture related business is unknown at this time.

The residential real estate markets in the five county region from Merced to Kern has strengthened greatly and that trend has continued through 2019. Housing in the Central Valley continues to be relatively more affordable than the major metropolitan areas in California. As the Company continues its business development and expansion efforts throughout its market areas, it maintains its commitment to the reduction of nonperforming assets and provision of options for borrowers experiencing difficulties. Those options include combinations of rate and term concessions, as well as forbearance agreements with borrowers.

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The Company continues to emphasize relationship banking and core deposit growth, and has focused greater attention on its market area of Fresno, Madera, and Kern Counties, as well as Campbell, in Santa Clara County. The San Joaquin Valley and other California markets are exhibiting stronger demand for construction lending and commercial lending from small and medium size businesses, as commercial and residential real estate markets have shown improvements.

The Company continually evaluates its strategic business plan as economic and market factors change in its market area. Balance sheet management, enhancing revenue sources, and maintaining market share will continue to be of primary importance during 2019 and beyond.

Results of Operations

On a year-to-date basis, the Company reported net income of $4,007,000 or $0.24 per share ($0.24 diluted), for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $3,157,000, or $0.19 per share ($0.19 diluted), for the same period in 2018. The Company’s return on average assets was 1.71% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 1.57% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company’s return on average equity was 14.61% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 12.43% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Net Interest Income

The following tables present condensed average balance sheet information, together with interest income and yields earned on average interest earning assets, and interest expense and rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

Interest Rates and Interest Differentials

Three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018

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				2019							2018
(dollars in 000's)	Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
	Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)		Average Balance			Interest		Yield/Rate (2)
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)	$	578,326		$	8,642	6.06	%	$	598,891		$	8,226	5.57	%
Investment securities - taxable (3)	68,293			477		2.83	%	44,431			193		1.76	%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	215,644			1,298		2.44	%	98,070			384		1.59	%
Total interest-earning assets	862,263			$	10,417	4.90	%	741,392			$	8,803	4.82	%
Allowance for credit losses	(8,458		)					(9,335		)
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks	28,349							26,442
Premises and equipment, net	9,741							10,156
Accrued interest receivable	8,217							6,230
Other real estate owned	5,745							5,745
Other assets	41,727							36,780
Total average assets	$	947,584						$	817,410
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
NOW accounts	$	110,482		$	39	0.14	%	$	89,254		$	29	0.13	%
Money market accounts	242,803			511		0.85	%	156,952			197		0.51	%
Savings accounts	91,503			78		0.35	%	83,171			47		0.23	%
Time deposits	77,669			206		1.08	%	66,691			114		0.69	%
Junior subordinated debentures	10,090			123		4.94	%	9,685			90		3.77	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	532,547			$	957	0.73	%	405,753			$	477	0.48	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing checking	294,801							301,787
Accrued interest payable	181							100
Other liabilities	8,844							6,758
Total liabilities	836,373							714,398

Total shareholders' equity	111,211							103,012
Total average liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	947,584						$	817,410
Interest income as a percentage of average earning assets						4.90	%						4.82	%
Interest expense as a percentage of average earning assets						0.45	%						0.26	%
Net interest margin						4.45	%						4.56	%


(1)	Loan amounts include nonaccrual loans, but the related interest income has been included only if collected for the period prior to the loan being placed on a nonaccrual basis. Loan interest income includes loan fees of $32 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and loan costs of approximately $116 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.


(2)	Interest income/expense is divided by actual number of days in the period times 365 days in the yield calculation


(3)	Yields on investments securities are calculated based on average amortized cost balances rather than fair value, as changes in fair value are reflected as a component of shareholders' equity.

After declining to a low of 3.25% in 2008, the prime rate has increased steadily since 2015 to reach its present rate of 5.50%. Future increases or decreases will affect both interest income and expense and the resultant net interest margin.

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Both the Company's net interest income and net interest margin are affected by changes in the amount and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "volume change." Both are also affected by changes in yields on interest-earning assets and rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as "rate change." The following table sets forth the changes in interest income and interest expense for each major category of interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability, and the amount of change attributable to volume and rate changes for the periods indicated.

Table 2. Rate and Volume Analysis



	Increase (decrease) in the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to March 31, 2018
(in 000's)	Total		Rate		Volume
Increase (decrease) in interest income:
Loans and leases	$	416	$	712	$	(296	)
Investment securities available for sale	284		151		133
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	914		35		879
Total interest income	1,614		898		716
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Interest-bearing demand accounts	324		200		124
Savings and money market accounts	31		26		5
Time deposits	92		71		21
Subordinated debentures	33		29		4
Total interest expense	480		326		154
Increase in net interest income	$	1,134	$	572	$	562

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, total interest income increased approximately $1,614,000, or 18.33%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. Average earning asset volumes for loans and leases decreased $20,565,000. Overnight investments with the FRB increased $117,574,000, while available for sale investment securities increased $23,862,000 between the two periods. The average yield on loans increased 49 basis points between the two periods, and the average yield on investment securities increased approximately 107 basis points during the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018.

The overall average yield on the loan portfolio increased to 6.06% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 5.57% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The yield on loans for the three months ended March 31, 2018 includes $550,000 in write-downs of unamortized insurance premiums on the student loan portfolio and $175,000 in reversal of accrued interest on nonaccrual loan activity. The Company has successfully sought to mitigate the low-interest rate environment with loan floors included in new and renewed loans when practical. At March 31, 2019, 56.0% of the Company's loan portfolio consisted of floating rate instruments, as compared to 55.3% of the portfolio at December 31, 2018, with the majority of those tied to the prime rate. Approximately 13.9%, or $45,019,000, of the floating rate loans had rate floors at March 31, 2019, making them effectively fixed-rate loans for certain increases in interest rates. None of the loans with floors have floor spreads of 100 basis points or more.

Although market rates of interest remain at low levels, the Company’s disciplined deposit pricing efforts have helped keep the Company's cost of funds low. The Company’s net interest margin decreased to 4.45% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, when compared to 4.56% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The net interest margin decreased due to increases in deposit yields, partially offset by increases in the loan portfolio yield, increases in the yield on investment securities, and increases in the yield on overnight investments held at correspondent banks. Due to the increase in interest rates paid on deposits and the increase in interest-bearing NOW and money market deposit balances, the Company’s average cost of funds rose to 0.73% for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to 0.48% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, total interest expense increased approximately $480,000, or 100.63%, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. Between those two periods, average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $126,794,000 due to increases in NOW, money market, savings accounts, and time deposits. While the Company may utilize brokered deposits as an additional source of funding, the Company held no brokered deposits at March 31, 2019.

Net interest income before provision for credit losses has increased between the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, totaling $9,460,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to $8,326,000 for the three months ended March 31,

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2018. The increase in net interest income between 2018 and 2019 was primarily the result of higher yields on the loan and investment portfolios and increases in overnight balances held at the Federal Reserve.

The decrease in net interest margin between 2018 and 2019 can be primarily attributed to the increases in interest-bearing deposits.

Table 3. Interest-Earning Assets and Liabilities

The following table summarizes the year-to-date averages of the components of interest-earning assets as a percentage of total interest-earning assets and the components of interest-bearing liabilities as a percentage of total interest-bearing liabilities:



	YTD Average 3/31/2019	YTD Average 12/31/18	YTD Average 3/31/2018
Loans	67.08%	73.27%	80.78%
Investment securities available for sale	7.92%	6.91%	5.99%
Interest-bearing deposits in FRB	25.00%	19.82%	13.23%
Total interest-earning assets	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

NOW accounts	20.75%	22.21%	22.00%
Money market accounts	45.60%	41.82%	38.68%
Savings accounts	17.18%	18.72%	20.50%
Time deposits	14.58%	15.10%	16.44%
Subordinated debentures	1.89%	2.15%	2.38%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%

Noninterest Income

Table 4. Changes in Noninterest Income

The following tables sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:



(in 000's)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2018			Amount of Change			Percent Change
Customer service fees	$	809		$	951		$	(142	)	(14.93	)%
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI/COLI	145			125			20			16.00	%
Gain (loss) on marketable equity securities	57			(60		)	117			(195.00	)%
Gain on proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	—			171			(171		)	(100.00	)%
Gain (loss) on fair value of junior subordinated debentures	414			(470		)	884			(188.09	)%
Loss on sale of other investment	(109		)	—			(109		)	100.00	%
Other	207			205			2			0.98	%
Total noninterest income	$	1,523		$	922		$	601		65.18	%

Noninterest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 increased $601,000 to $1,523,000, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase is mostly attributed to the the gain on fair value of junior subordinated debentures of $414,000 recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the loss on fair value of $470,000 recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2018. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $142,000 in customer services fees and a gain on death benefit proceeds from bank owned life insurance of $171,000 recorded during 2018. The change in fair value of junior subordinated debentures recorded in non-interest income was caused by fluctuations in the LIBOR yield curve.

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Noninterest Expense

Table 5. Changes in Noninterest Expense

The following table sets forth the amount and percentage changes in the categories presented for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018:



(in 000's)	Three Months Ended March 31, 2019		Three Months Ended March 31, 2018		Amount of Change			Percent Change
Salaries and employee benefits	$	2,772	$	2,961	$	(189	)	(6.38	)%
Occupancy expense	813		765		48			6.27	%
Data processing	107		52		55			105.77	%
Professional fees	813		588		225			38.27	%
Regulatory assessments	93		83		10			12.05	%
Director fees	91		80		11			13.75	%
Correspondent bank service charges	14		17		(3		)	(17.65	)%
Loss on California tax credit partnership	—		5		(5		)	(100.00	)%
Net cost on operation of OREO	65		51		14			27.45	%
Other	579		398		181			45.48	%
Total expense	$	5,347	$	5,000	$	347		6.94	%

Noninterest expense increased approximately $347,000, or 6.94%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2018. The increase experienced during the three months ended March 31, 2019, was primarily the result of increases of $225,000 in professional fees related to increases in corporate legal expenses, and $48,000 in occupancy expense. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $189,000 in salaries and employee benefits related to a decrease in stock compensation expense resulting from the issuance of equity awards. Increases in other expenses included an increase of $73,000 in the provision for unfunded loan commitments.

Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense is impacted to some degree by permanent taxable differences between income reported for book purposes and income reported for tax purposes, as well as certain tax credits which are not reflected in the Company’s pretax income or loss shown in the statements of operations and comprehensive income. As pretax income or loss amounts become smaller, the impact of these differences become more significant and are reflected as variances in the Company’s effective tax rate for the periods presented. In general, the permanent differences and tax credits affecting tax expense have a positive impact and tend to reduce the effective tax rates shown in the Company’s statements of income and comprehensive income.

The Company reviews its current tax positions at least quarterly based on the accounting standards related to uncertainty in income taxes which includes the criteria that an individual tax position would have to meet for some or all of the income tax benefit to be recognized in a taxable entity’s financial statements. Under the income tax guidelines, an entity should recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position if it determines that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on examination. The term “more likely than not” means a likelihood of more than 50 percent. In assessing whether the more-likely-than-not criterion is met, the entity should assume that the tax position will be reviewed by the applicable taxing authority.

The Company has reviewed all of its tax positions as of March 31, 2019, and has determined that, there are no material amounts to be recorded under the current income tax accounting guidelines.

The Company's effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 28.83% compared to 28.85% for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Financial Condition

Total assets increased $30,982,000, or 3.32%, to a balance of $964,040,000 at March 31, 2019, from the balance of $933,058,000 at December 31, 2018, and increased $109,236,000, or 12.78%, from the balance of $854,804,000 at March 31, 2018. Total deposits of $831,577,000 at March 31, 2019, increased $25,934,000, or 3.22%, from the balance reported at December 31, 2018, and increased $96,961,000, or 13.20%, from the balance of $734,616,000 reported at March 31, 2018.

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Cash and cash equivalents increased $40,364,000, or 18.32%, between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Net loans decreased $8,219,000, or 1.42%, to a balance of $571,200,000, and investment securities decreased $3,481,000, or 4.97%, during the first quarter of 2019.

Earning assets averaged approximately $862,263,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $741,392,000 for the same period in 2018. Average interest-bearing liabilities increased to $532,547,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, from $405,753,000 reported for the comparative period of 2018.

Loans and Leases

The Company's primary business is that of acquiring deposits and making loans, with the loan portfolio representing the largest and most important component of earning assets. Loans totaled $579,900,000 at March 31, 2019, a decrease of $8,033,000, or 1.37%, when compared to the balance of $587,933,000 at December 31, 2018, and a decrease of $15,982,000, or 2.76%, when compared to the balance of $595,882,000 reported at March 31, 2018. Loans on average decreased $20,565,000, or 3.43%, between the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, with loans averaging $578,326,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to $598,891,000 for the same period of 2018.

Total loans decreased $8,033,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and decreased $15,982,000 between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company experienced decreases in commercial and industrial loans and installment loans compared to the same period ended March 31, 2018. Installment loans decreased $1,030,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 and increased $4,037,000 between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, mainly as the result of increases in student loans. Commercial and industrial loans decreased $1,286,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 and increased $2,246,000 between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Agricultural loans decreased $6,037,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019 and decreased $2,503,000 between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019.

Installment and student loans increased $4,037,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the same period ended March 31, 2018, due to growth in the student loan portfolio. Included in installment loans are $67,081,000 in student loans made to medical and pharmacy school students. The medical student loans are made to U.S. citizens attending medical schools in the U.S. and Antigua, while the pharmacy student loans are made to pharmacy students attending pharmacy school in the U.S. Upon graduation the loan is automatically placed on deferment for 6 months. This may be extended up to 48 months for graduates enrolling in Internship, Medical Residency or Fellowship. As approved the student may receive additional deferment for hardship or administrative reasons in the form of forbearance for a maximum of 24 months throughout the life of the loan. The outstanding balance of student loans that have not entered repayment status totaled $52,827,000 at March 31, 2019. Accrued interest on loans that have not entered repayment status totaled $6,841,000 at March 31, 2019. At March 31, 2019 there were 552 loans within repayment, deferment, and forbearance which represented $14,254,000, $2,881,000, and $5,586,000 in outstanding balances, respectively. Underwriting is premised on qualifying credit scores. The weighted average credit score for the portfolio is in the mid-700s. In addition, there are non-student co-borrowers for roughly one-third of the portfolio that provide additional repayment capacity. Graduation and employment placement rates are high for both medical and pharmacy students. The average student loan balance per borrower as of March 31, 2019 is approximately $91,000.

Commercial real estate loans (a component of real estate mortgage loans) continue to represent a significant portion of the total loan portfolio. Commercial real estate loans amounted to 40.31%, 39.03%, and 35.26%, of the total loan portfolio at March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018, respectively. Real estate mortgage loans increased $6,154,000, or 2.13%, between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and increased $2,623,000 between March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Residential mortgage loans are not generally originated by the Company, but some residential mortgage loans have been made over the past several years to facilitate take-out loans for construction borrowers when they were not able to obtain permanent financing elsewhere. These loans are generally 30-year amortizing loans with maturities of between three and five years. Residential mortgages totaled $61,281,000, or 10.57%, of the portfolio at March 31, 2019, $59,431,000, or 10.11% of the portfolio at December 31, 2018, and $82,175,000 or 13.79% of the portfolio at March 31, 2018. The Company held no loan participation purchases at March 31, 2018, December 31, 2018 or March 31, 2019. Loan participations sold decreased from $14,559,000, or 2.4%, of the portfolio at March 31, 2018, to $7,140,000, or 1.2%, of the portfolio, at December 31, 2018, and increased to $8,517,000, or 1.5%, of the portfolio, at March 31, 2019.

Table 6. Loans

The following table sets forth the amounts of loans outstanding by category at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the category percentages as of those dates, and the net change between the two periods presented.

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	March 31, 2019				December 31, 2018
(in 000's)	Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Dollar Amount		% of Loans		Net Change			% Change
Commercial and industrial	$	55,692	9.6	%	$	56,978	9.7	%	$	(1,286	)	(2.26	)%
Real estate – mortgage	295,354		50.9	%	289,200		49.2	%	6,154			2.13	%
RE construction & development	102,961		17.8	%	108,795		18.5	%	(5,834		)	(5.36	)%
Agricultural	55,112		9.5	%	61,149		10.4	%	(6,037		)	(9.87	)%
Installment and student loans	70,781		12.2	%	71,811		12.2	%	(1,030		)	(1.43	)%
Total gross loans	$	579,900	100.00	%	$	587,933	100.00	%	$	(8,033	)	(1.37	)%

Deposits

Total deposits totaled $831,577,000 at March 31, 2019, representing an increase of $25,934,000, or 3.22%, from the balance of $805,643,000 reported at December 31, 2018, and an increase of $96,961,000, or 13.20%, from the balance of $734,616,000 reported at March 31, 2018.

Table 7. Deposits

The following table sets forth the amounts of deposits outstanding by category at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, and the net change between the two periods presented.



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		Net Change			Percentage Change
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	300,476	$	292,720	$	7,756		2.65	%
Interest-bearing deposits:
NOW and money market accounts	365,587		340,445		25,142			7.39	%
Savings accounts	92,237		90,046		2,191			2.43	%
Time deposits:
Under $250,000	52,322		60,875		(8,553		)	-14.05	%
$250,000 and over	20,955		21,557		(602		)	-2.79	%
Total interest-bearing deposits	531,101		512,923		18,178			3.54	%
Total deposits	$	831,577	$	805,643	$	25,934		3.22	%

The Company's deposit base consists of two major components represented by noninterest-bearing (demand) deposits and interest-bearing deposits, totaling $300,476,000 and $531,101,000 at March 31, 2019, respectively. Interest bearing deposits consist of time certificates, NOW and money market accounts, and savings deposits. Total interest-bearing deposits increased $18,178,000, or 3.54%, between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and non-interest-bearing deposits increased $7,756,000, or 2.65%, between the same two periods presented. Included in the increase of $18,178,000 in interest-bearing deposits during the three months ended March 31, 2019, are increases of $25,142,000 in NOW and money market accounts and increases of $2,191,000 in savings accounts, offset by decreases of $9,155,000 in time deposits.

Core deposits, as defined by the Company as consisting of all deposits other than time deposits of more than $250,000 and brokered deposits, continue to provide the foundation for the Company's principal sources of funding and liquidity. These core deposits amounted to 97.48% and 97.32% of the total deposit portfolio at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The Company held no brokered deposits at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018

On a year-to-date average, the Company experienced an increase of $119,403,000, or 17.11%, in total deposits between the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018. Between these two periods, average interest-bearing deposits increased $126,389,000, or 31.91%, and total noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $6,986,000, or 2.31%, on a year-to-date average basis.

Short-Term Borrowings

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At March 31, 2019, the Company had collateralized lines of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco totaling $295,925,000, as well as Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) lines of credit totaling $3,954,000. At March 31, 2019, the Company had uncollateralized lines of credit with both Pacific Coast Bankers Bank ("PCBB"), Union Bank, and Zion's Bank, totaling $10,000,000, $10,000,000, and $20,000,000, respectively. These lines of credit generally have interest rates tied to either the Federal Funds rate, short-term U.S. Treasury rates, or LIBOR. All lines of credit are on an “as available” basis and can be revoked by the grantor at any time. At March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, the Company had no outstanding borrowings. The Company had collateralized FRB lines of credit of $287,446,000, collateralized FHLB lines of credit totaling $4,119,000, and uncollateralized lines of credit of $10,000,000 with PCBB, $10,000,000 with Union Bank, and $20,000,000 with Zions Bank at December 31, 2018.

Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses

Lending money is the Company's principal business activity, and ensuring appropriate evaluation, diversification, and control of credit risks is a primary management responsibility. Losses are implicit in lending activities and the amount of such losses will vary, depending on the risk characteristics of the loan portfolio as affected by local economic conditions and the financial experience of borrowers.

The allowance for credit losses is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for known and inherent risks in existing loans and commitments to extend credit. The adequacy of the allowance for credit losses is based upon management's continuing assessment of various factors affecting the collectability of loans and commitments to extend credit; including current economic conditions, past credit experience, collateral, and concentrations of credit. There is no precise method of predicting specific losses or amounts which may ultimately be charged off on particular segments of the loan portfolio. The conclusion that a loan may become uncollectible, either in part or in whole is subjective and contingent upon economic, environmental, and other conditions which cannot be predicted with certainty. When determining the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses, the Company follows, in accordance with GAAP, the guidelines set forth in the Revised Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (“Statement”) issued by banking regulators in December 2006. The Statement is a revision of the previous guidance released in July 2001, and outlines characteristics that should be used in segmentation of the loan portfolio for purposes of the analysis including risk classification, past due status, type of loan, industry or collateral. It also outlines factors to consider when adjusting the loss factors for various segments of the loan portfolio, and updates previous guidance that describes the responsibilities of the board of directors, management, and bank examiners regarding the allowance for credit losses. Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102 was released during July 2001, and represents the SEC staff’s view relating to methodologies and supporting documentation for the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses that should be observed by all public companies in complying with the federal securities laws and the Commission’s interpretations. It is also generally consistent with the guidance published by the banking regulators.

The allowance for loan losses includes an asset-specific component, as well as a general or formula-based component. The Company segments the loan and lease portfolio into eleven (11) segments, primarily by loan class and type, that have homogeneity and commonality of purpose and terms for analysis under the formula-based component of the allowance. Those loans which are determined to be impaired under current accounting guidelines are not subject to the formula-based reserve analysis, and evaluated individually for specific impairment under the asset-specific component of the allowance.

The Company’s methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses consists of several key elements, which include:


•	The formula allowance


•	Specific allowances for problem graded loans identified as impaired; and


•	The unallocated allowance

The formula allowance is calculated by applying loss factors to outstanding loans and certain unfunded loan commitments. Loss factors are based on the Company’s historical loss experience and on the internal risk grade of those loans, and may be adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the evaluation date. Factors that may affect collectability of the loan portfolio include:


•	Levels of, and trends in delinquencies and nonaccrual loans;


•	Trends in volumes and term of loans;


•	Effects of any changes in lending policies and procedures including those for underwriting, collection, charge-off, and recovery;


•	Experience, ability, and depth of lending management and staff;

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•	National and local economic trends and conditions and;


•	Concentrations of credit that might affect loss experience across one or more components of the portfolio, including high-balance loan concentrations and participations.

Management determines the loss factors for problem graded loans (substandard, doubtful, and loss), special mention loans, and pass graded loans, based on a loss migration model. The migration analysis incorporates loan losses over the previous quarters as determined by management (time horizons adjusted as business cycles or environment changes) and loss factors are adjusted to recognize and quantify the loss exposure from changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. For purposes of this analysis, loans are grouped by internal risk classifications and categorized as pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful, or loss. Certain loans are homogeneous in nature and are therefore pooled by risk grade. These homogeneous loans include consumer installment and home equity loans. Special mention loans are currently performing but are potentially weak, as the borrower has begun to exhibit deteriorating trends which, if not corrected, could jeopardize repayment of the loan and result in further downgrades. Substandard loans have well-defined weaknesses which, if not corrected, could jeopardize the full satisfaction of the debt. A loan classified as doubtful has critical weaknesses that make full collection of the obligation improbable. Classified loans, as defined by the Company, include impaired loans and loans categorized as substandard, doubtful, and loss which are not considered impaired. At March 31, 2019, impaired and classified loans totaled $19,476,000, or 3.4%, of gross loans as compared to $18,717,000, or 3.1%, of gross loans at December 31, 2018.

Loan participations are reviewed for allowance adequacy under the same guidelines as other loans in the Company’s portfolio, with an additional participation factor added, if required, for specific risks associated with participations. In general, participations are subject to certain thresholds set by the Company, and are reviewed for geographic location as well as the well-being of the underlying agent bank.

Specific allowances are established based on management’s periodic evaluation of loss exposure inherent in impaired loans. For impaired loans, specific allowances are determined based on the net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the net present value of the anticipated cash flows, or the market value of the underlying assets. Formula allowances for classified loans, excluding impaired loans, are determined on the basis of additional risks involved with individual loans that may be in excess of risk factors associated with the loan portfolio as a whole. The specific allowance is different from the formula allowance in that the specific allowance is determined on a loan-by-loan basis based on risk factors directly related to a particular loan, as opposed to the formula allowance which is determined for a pool of loans with similar risk characteristics, based on past historical trends and other risk factors which may be relevant on an ongoing basis.

The unallocated portion of the allowance is based upon management’s evaluation of various conditions that are not directly measured in the determination of the formula and specific allowances. The conditions may include, but are not limited to, general economic and business conditions affecting the key lending areas of the Company, credit quality trends, collateral values, loan volumes and concentrations, and other business conditions.

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Table 8. Allowance for Loan Losses

The following table summarizes the specific allowance, formula allowance, and unallocated allowance at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, as well as classified loans at those period-ends.



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Specific allowance – impaired loans	$	1,768	$	1,776
Formula allowance – classified loans not impaired	25		4
Formula allowance – special mention loans	119		17
Total allowance for special mention and classified loans	1,912		1,797

Formula allowance for pass loans	5,689		6,005
Unallocated allowance	816		593
Total allowance for loan losses	$	8,417	$	8,395

Impaired loans	18,455		18,683
Classified loans not considered impaired	1,021		34
Total classified loans / impaired loans	$	19,476	$	18,717
Special mention loans not considered impaired	$	6,428	$	2,228

Impaired loans decreased $228,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, and the specific allowance related to impaired loans decreased $8,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. The decrease in impaired loans is primarily due to a decrease in non-performing loans. The formula allowance related to classified and special mention unimpaired loans increased by $123,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. The unallocated allowance increased from $593,000 at December 31, 2018 to $816,000 at March 31, 2019 due to a decrease in the specific reserve of one impaired loan, and an overall decrease in loan balances during the period. Although there has been a reduction in required loss reserves as economic conditions have improved, the Company has a concentration in loans to finance CRE, construction and land development activities not secured by real estate. These loans have inherently higher risk characteristics and management believes maintaining additional, unallocated reserves to address the inherent losses in these loans is reasonable and appropriate. The level of “pass” loans decreased approximately $10,833,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. The related formula allowance decreased $316,000 during the same period. The formula allowance for “pass loans” is derived from the loan loss factors under migration analysis.

The Company’s methodology includes features that are intended to reduce the difference between estimated and actual losses. The specific allowance portion of the analysis is designed to be self-correcting by taking into account the current loan loss experience based on that portion of the portfolio. By analyzing the estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis, management is able to adjust specific and inherent loss estimates using the most recent information available. In performing the periodic migration analysis, management believes that historical loss factors used in the computation of the formula allowance need to be adjusted to reflect current changes in market conditions and trends in the Company’s loan portfolio. There are a number of other factors which are reviewed when determining adjustments in the historical loss factors. Those factors include: 1) trends in delinquent and nonaccrual loans, 2) trends in loan volume and terms, 3) effects of changes in lending policies, 4) concentrations of credit, 5) competition, 6) national and local economic trends and conditions, 7) experience of lending staff, 8) loan review and Board of Directors oversight, 9) high balance loan concentrations, and 10) other business conditions.

The general reserve requirements (ASC 450-70) decreased with the continued strengthening of local, state, and national economies and their impact on our local lending base, which has resulted in a lower qualitative component for the general reserve calculation. Our stake-in-the-ground methodology requires the Company to use December 31, 2005 as the starting point of the look back period to capture loss history and better capture an entire economic cycle. Time horizons are subject to Management's assessment of the current period, taking into consideration changes in business cycles and environment changes.

Management and the Company’s lending officers evaluate the loss exposure of classified and impaired loans on a weekly/monthly basis. The Company’s Loan Committee meets weekly and serves as a forum to discuss specific problem assets that pose significant concerns to the Company, and to keep the Board of Directors informed through committee minutes. All special

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mention and classified loans are reported quarterly on Problem Asset Reports and Impaired Loan Reports and are reviewed by senior management. Migration analysis and impaired loan analysis are performed on a quarterly basis and adjustments are made to the allowance as deemed necessary. The Board of Directors is kept abreast of any changes or trends in problem assets on a monthly basis, or more often if required.

The specific allowance for impaired loans is measured based on the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. The amount of impaired loans is not directly comparable to the amount of nonperforming loans disclosed later in this section. The primary differences between impaired loans and nonperforming loans are: i) all loan categories are considered in determining nonperforming loans while impaired loan recognition is limited to commercial and industrial loans, commercial and residential real estate loans, construction loans, and agricultural loans, and ii) impaired loan recognition considers not only loans 90 days or more past due, restructured loans and nonaccrual loans but may also include problem loans other than delinquent loans.

The Company considers a loan to be impaired when, based upon current information and events, it believes it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans include nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructures, and performing loans in which full payment of principal or interest is not expected. Management bases the measurement of these impaired loans either on the fair value of the loan's collateral or the expected cash flows on the loan discounted at the loan's stated interest rates. Cash receipts on impaired loans not performing to contractual terms and that are on nonaccrual status are used to reduce principal balances. Impairment losses are included in the allowance for credit losses through a charge to the provision, if applicable.

In most cases, the Company uses the cash basis method of income recognition for impaired loans. In the case of certain troubled debt restructuring, for which the loan has been performing for a prescribed period of time under the current contractual terms, income is recognized under the accrual method. At March 31, 2019, included in impaired loans, were troubled debt restructures totaling $6,340,000, of which $2,804,000 were on nonaccrual. The remaining $3,536,000 in troubled debt restructures were considered current with regards to payments, and were performing according to their modified contractual terms.

Commercial and industrial loans and real estate mortgage loans, respectively, comprised approximately 12.92% and 20.03% of total impaired loan balances at March 31, 2019. Of the $2,384,000 in commercial and industrial impaired loans reported at March 31, 2019, two loans, with a total recorded investment of $664,000, were secured by real estate. Specific collateral related to impaired loans is reviewed for current appraisal information, economic trends within geographic markets, loan-to-value ratios, and other factors that may impact the value of the loan collateral. Adjustments are made to collateral values as needed for these factors. Of total impaired loans at March 31, 2019, approximately $16,018,000, or 86.8%, are secured by real estate. The majority of impaired real estate construction and development loans are for the purpose of residential construction, residential and commercial acquisition and development, and land development. Residential construction loans are made for the purpose of building residential 1-4 single family homes. Residential and commercial acquisition and development loans are made for the purpose of purchasing land, developing that land if required, and developing real estate or commercial construction projects on those properties. Land development loans are made for the purpose of converting raw land into construction-ready building sites.

Table 9. Impaired Loans and Specific Reserves

The following table summarizes the components of impaired loans and their related specific reserves at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.



	Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve		Impaired Loan Balance		Reserve
(in 000’s)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Commercial and industrial	$	2,384	$	786	$	2,816	$	787
Real estate – mortgage	3,696		462		3,345		469
RE construction & development	11,629		—		11,663		—
Agricultural	716		520		818		520
Installment and student loans	30		—		41		—
Total impaired loans	$	18,455	$	1,768	$	18,683	$	1,776

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Included in impaired loans are loans modified in troubled debt restructurings (TDRs), where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties in an attempt to maximize collection. The Company makes various types of concessions when structuring TDRs including rate reductions, payment extensions, and forbearance. At March 31, 2019, approximately $2,767,000 of the total $6,340,000 in TDRs was comprised of real estate mortgages. An additional $2,804,000 was related to real estate construction and development loans. There were no reserve amounts for real estate construction and development impaired loans and impaired installment loans at December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, due to the value of the collateral securing those loans.

Total troubled debt restructurings decreased 10.19% between March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. Nonaccrual TDRs decreased by 13.11% and accruing TDRs decreased by 7.72% over the same period. Total residential mortgages and real estate construction TDRs decreased $600,000 to a percentage total of 9.72%. These credits are related to real estate projects that slowed significantly or stalled during the recession, leading the Company to pursue restructuring of the qualified credits allowing the real estate market time to recover and developers opportunity to finish projects at a slower pace. Concessions granted in these circumstances include lengthened maturities and/or rate reductions that enabled the borrower to finish the projects and may be entirely successful. In large part, current successes are related to a recovering real estate market.

Table 10. TDRs

The following tables summarize TDRs by type, classified separately as nonaccrual or accrual, which are included in impaired loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.



	Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs
(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		March 31, 2019		March 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	57	$	—	$	57
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	911		—		911
Residential mortgages	1,856		—		1,856
Total real estate mortgage	2,767		—		2,767
RE construction & development	2,804		2,804		—
Agricultural	712		—		712
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	6,340	$	2,804	$	3,536



	Total TDRs		Nonaccrual TDRs		Accruing TDRs
(in 000's)	December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Commercial and industrial	$	75	$	—	$	75
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	1,305		389		916
Residential mortgages	2,028		—		2,028
Total real estate mortgage	3,333		389		2,944
RE construction & development	2,838		2,838		—
Agricultural	813		—		813
Total troubled debt restructurings	$	7,059	$	3,227	$	3,832

Of the $6,340,000 in total TDRs at March 31, 2019, $2,804,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. Of the $7,059,000 in total TDRs at December 31, 2018, $3,227,000 were on nonaccrual status at period-end. As of March 31, 2019, the Company has no commercial real estate (CRE) workouts whereby an existing loan was restructured into multiple new loans (i.e., A Note/B Note structure).

For a restructured loan to return to accrual status there needs to be at least 6 months successful payment history and continued satisfactory performance is expected. to this end, the Company typically performs a financial analysis of the credit to determine whether the borrower has the ability to continue to meet payments over the remaining life of the loans. This includes, but is not limited to, a review of financial statements and cash flow analysis of the borrower. Only after determination that the borrower has the ability to perform under the terms of the loans, will the restructured credit be considered for accrual status.

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Table 11. Credit Quality Indicators for Outstanding Student Loans

The following table summarizes the credit quality indicators for outstanding student loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in 000's, except for number of borrowers):



	March 31, 2019					December 31, 2018
	Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest		Number of Loans	Amount		Accrued Interest
School	991	$	42,165	$	6,073	1,056	$	42,852	$	5,494
Grace	87	2,195		436		23	562		81
Repayment	338	14,254		109		366	15,526		118
Deferment	71	2,881		152		48	1,945		79
Forbearance	143	5,586		180		181	7,336		212
Total	1,630	$	67,081	$	6,950	1,674	$	68,221	$	5,984

School - The time in which the borrower is still actively in school at least half time. No payments are expected during this stage, though the borrower may begin immediate payments.

Table 12. Nonperforming Assets

The following table summarizes the components of nonperforming assets as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in 000's), and the percentage of nonperforming assets to total gross loans, total assets, and the allowance for loan losses:

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(in 000's)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018
Nonaccrual loans (1)	$	11,629		$	12,052
Restructured loans	3,536			3,832
Loans past due 90 days or more, still accruing	134			—
Total nonperforming loans	15,299			15,884
Other real estate owned	5,745			5,745
Total nonperforming assets	$	21,044		$	21,629

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans	2.64		%	2.70		%
Nonperforming assets to total assets	2.18		%	2.32		%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans	55.02		%	52.85		%

(1) Included in nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 are restructured loans totaling $2,804,000 and $3,227,000, respectively.

Nonperforming loans decreased $585,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019. Nonaccrual loans decreased $423,000 between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, with real estate mortgage and real estate construction loans comprising 100.00% of total nonaccrual loans at March 31, 2019. The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans decreased from 52.85% at December 31, 2018 to 55.02% at March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes the nonaccrual totals by loan category for the periods shown:



	Balance		Balance		Change from
(in 000's)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018		December 31, 2018
Nonaccrual Loans:
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—
Real estate - mortgage	—		389		(389		)
RE construction & development	11,629		11,663		(34		)
Installment and student loans	—		—		—
Total nonaccrual loans	$	11,629	$	12,052	$	(423	)

Loans past due more than 30 days receive increased management attention and are monitored for increased risk. The Company continues to move past due loans to nonaccrual status in an ongoing effort to recognize and address loan problems as early and most effectively as possible. As impaired loans, nonaccrual and restructured loans are reviewed for specific reserve allocations, the allowance for credit losses is adjusted accordingly.

Except for the nonaccrual loans included in the above table, or those included in the impaired loan totals, there were no loans at March 31, 2019 where the known credit problems of a borrower caused the Company to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrower to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which would result in such loan being included as a nonaccrual, past due, or restructured loan at some future date.

Nonperforming assets, which are primarily related to the real estate loan and other real estate owned portfolio, decreased$585,000 from a balance of $21,629,000 at December 31, 2018 to a balance of $21,044,000 at March 31, 2019, and remained relatively high compared to peers during the three months ended March 31, 2019. Nonaccrual loans, totaling $11,629,000 at March 31, 2019, decreased $423,000 from the balance of $12,052,000 reported at December 31, 2018. In determining the adequacy of the underlying collateral related to these loans, management monitors trends within specific geographical areas, loan-to-value ratios, appraisals, and other credit issues related to the specific loans. Impaired loans decreased $228,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019 to a balance of $18,455,000 at March 31, 2019. Other real estate owned through foreclosure remained the same at $5,745,000 for the period ended March 31, 2019 as compared to the balance recorded at December 31, 2018. Nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets decreased from 2.32% at December 31, 2018 to 2.18% at March 31, 2019.

The following table summarizes various nonperforming components of the loan portfolio, the related allowance for credit losses and provision for credit losses for the periods shown.

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(in 000's)	March 31, 2019			December 31, 2018			March 31, 2018
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses year-to-date	$	6		$	(1,764	)	$	(189	)
Allowance as % of nonperforming loans	55.02		%	52.85		%	93.32		%

Nonperforming loans as % total loans	2.64		%	2.70		%	1.64		%
Restructured loans as % total loans	1.09		%	1.20		%	1.63		%

Management continues to monitor economic conditions in the real estate market for signs of deterioration or improvement which may impact the level of the allowance for loan losses required to cover identified losses in the loan portfolio. Focus has been placed on monitoring and reducing the level of problem assets, while working with borrowers to find more options, including loan restructures. Restructured loan balances are comprised of 15 loans totaling $6,340,000 at March 31, 2019, compared to 17 loans totaling $7,059,000 at December 31, 2018.

The following table summarizes special mention loans by type at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.



(in thousands)	March 31, 2019		December 31, 2018
Commercial and industrial	$	1,654	$	48
Real estate mortgage:
Commercial real estate	3,167		2,180
Residential mortgages	585		470
Total real estate mortgage	3,752		2,650
RE construction & development	—		—
Agricultural	—		—
Installment and student loans	134		—
Total special mention loans	$	5,540	$	2,698

The Company focuses on competition and other economic conditions within its market area and other geographical areas in which it does business, which may ultimately affect the risk assessment of the portfolio. The Company continues to experience increased competition from major banks, local independents and non-bank institutions which creates pressure on loan pricing. The Company continues to place increased emphasis on reducing both the level of nonperforming assets and the level of losses on the disposition of these assets. It is in the best interest of both the Company and the borrowers to seek alternative options to foreclosure in an effort to reduce the impacts on the real estate market. As part of this strategy, the Company has increased its level of troubled debt restructurings, when it improves collection prospects. While business and consumer spending show improvement, it is difficult to forecast what impact Federal Reserve rate increases will have on the economy. Local unemployment rates in the San Joaquin Valley have improved, but remain elevated compared with other regions and historically are higher as a result of the area's agricultural dynamics. The Company believes that the Central San Joaquin Valley will continue to grow and diversify as property and housing costs remain low relative to other areas of the state. Management recognizes increased risk of loss due to the Company's exposure to local and worldwide economic conditions, as well as potentially volatile real estate markets, and takes these factors into consideration when analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses.

The following table provides a summary of the Company's allowance for possible credit losses, provisions made to that allowance, and charge-off and recovery activity affecting the allowance for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018.

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Table 13. Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary of Activity



(in 000's)	March 31, 2019			March 31, 2018
Total loans outstanding at end of period before deducting allowances for credit losses	$	579,617		$	596,850
Average loans outstanding during period	578,326			598,891

Balance of allowance at beginning of period	8,395			9,267
Loans charged off:
Real estate	(5		)	—
Commercial and industrial	—			(88		)
Installment and student loans	(103		)	(4		)
Total loans charged off	(108		)	(92		)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off:
Real estate	5			5
Commercial and industrial	47			51
Installment and student loans	72			74
Total loan recoveries	124			130
Net loans recovered	16			38

Recovery of provision charged to operating expense	6			(189		)
Balance of allowance for credit losses at end of period	$	8,417		$	9,116

Net loan recoveries to total average loans (annualized)	(0.01		)%	(0.03		)%
Net loan recoveries to loans at end of period (annualized)	—		%	(0.01		)%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period	1.45		%	1.53		%
Net loan recoveries to allowance for credit losses (annualized)	(0.76		)%	(0.83		)%
Provision (recovery of provision) for credit losses to net recoveries (annualized)	50.00		%	(663.16		)%

Provisions for credit losses are determined on the basis of management's periodic credit review of the loan portfolio, consideration of past loan loss experience, current and future economic conditions, and other pertinent factors. Management believes its estimate of the allowance for credit losses adequately covers estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio and, based on the condition of the loan portfolio, management believes the allowance is sufficient to cover risk elements in the loan portfolio. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, the provision for the allowance for credit losses was $6,000 as compared to a recovery of provision of $189,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018.

Net recoveries during the three months ended March 31, 2019 totaled $16,000 as compared to net recoveries of $38,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company charged-off, or had partial charge-offs on 5 loans during the three months ended March 31, 2019, as compared to five loans during the same period ended March 31, 2018, and 9 loans during the year ended December 31, 2018. The annualized percentage net recoveries to average loans were 0.01% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 0.15% for the year ended December 31, 2018, and 0.03% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. The Company's loans net of unearned fees decreased from $596,850,000 at March 31, 2018 to $579,617,000 at March 31, 2019.

The allowance at March 31, 2019 was 1.45% of outstanding loan balances at March 31, 2019, as compared to 1.43% at December 31, 2018, and 1.53% at March 31, 2018.

At March 31, 2019 and March 31, 2018, $567,000 and $370,000, respectively, in reserves relate to unfunded loan commitments and is, therefore, reported separately in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Management believes that the 1.45% credit loss allowance at March 31, 2019 is adequate to absorb known and inherent risks in the loan portfolio. No assurance can be given, however, regarding economic conditions or other circumstances which may adversely affect the Company's service areas and result in future losses to the loan portfolio.

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Asset/Liability Management – Liquidity and Cash Flow

The primary functions of asset/liability management are to provide adequate liquidity and maintain an appropriate balance between interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities. In a changing rate environment an inbalance in interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities will impact earnings. For example, in an increasing rate environment if interest-sensitive liabilities reprice sooner than interest sensitive assets, net interest income will be negatively impacted.

Liquidity

Liquidity management may be described as the ability to maintain sufficient cash flows to fulfill financial obligations, including loan funding commitments and customer deposit withdrawals, without straining the Company’s equity structure. To maintain an adequate liquidity position, the Bank relies on, in addition to cash and cash equivalents, cash inflows from deposits and short-term borrowings, repayments of principal on loans and investments, and interest income received. The Bank's principal cash outflows are for loan origination, purchases of investment securities, depositor withdrawals and payment of operating expenses.

The Bank continues to emphasize liability management as part of its overall asset/liability strategy. Through the discretionary acquisition of short term borrowings, the Bank has, when needed, been able to provide liquidity to fund asset growth while, at the same time, better utilizing its capital resources, and better controlling interest rate risk. This does not preclude the Bank from selling assets such as investment securities to fund liquidity needs but, with favorable borrowing rates, the Bank has maintained a positive yield spread between borrowed liabilities and the assets which those liabilities fund. If, at some time, rate spreads become unfavorable, the Bank has the ability to utilize an asset management approach and, either control asset growth or fund further growth with maturities or sales of investment securities. At March 31, 2019, the Bank had no borrowings, as its deposit base currently provides funding sufficient to support its asset values.

The Banks liquid asset base which generally consists of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold, securities purchased under agreements to resell (“reverse repos”) and investment securities, is maintained at a level deemed sufficient to provide the cash outlay necessary to fund loan growth and accommodate any customer deposit runoff that may occur. Additional liquidity requirements may be funded with overnight or term borrowing arrangements with various correspondent banks, FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank. Within this framework is the objective of maximizing the yield on earning assets. This is generally achieved by maintaining a high percentage of earning assets in loans, which historically have represented the Company's highest yielding asset. At March 31, 2019, the loan portfolio totaled 60.12% of total assets and the loan to deposit ratio was 68.69%, compared to 63.00% and 71.92%, respectively, at December 31, 2018. Liquid assets at March 31, 2019, included cash and cash equivalents totaling $260,701,000 as compared to $220,337,000 at December 31, 2018. Other sources of liquidity include collateralized lines of credit from the Federal Home Loan Bank, and from the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $299,879,000 and uncollateralized lines of credit from Pacific Coast Banker's Bank (PCBB) of $10,000,000, Union Bank of $10,000,000, and Zion's Bank of $20,000,000 at March 31, 2019.

The liquidity of the Holding Company, United Security Bancshares, is primarily dependent on the payment of cash dividends by its subsidiary, the Bank, subject to limitations imposed by the Financial Code of the State of California. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Holding Company has received $2,024,000 in cash dividends from the Bank.

Cash Flow

The period-end balances of cash and cash equivalents for the periods shown are as follows (from Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – in 000’s):



(in 000's)	Balance
December 31, 2017	$	107,934
March 31, 2018	$	165,347
December 31, 2018	$	220,337
March 31, 2019	$	260,701

Cash and cash equivalents increased $40,364,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to an increase of $57,413,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2018.

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The Company had a net cash inflow from operating activities of $2,823,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and a cash inflow from operations totaling $2,639,000 for the period ended March 31, 2018. The Company experienced net cash inflows from investing activities of $11,607,000 related to a $8,050,000 decrease in loan balances and principal payments on available-for-sale securities of $3,677,000. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company experienced net cash inflows from investing activities of $7,851,000 related to a $5,508,000 decrease in loan balances, augmented by principal payments on available-for-sale securities of $2,265,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company experienced net cash inflows from financing activities totaling $25,934,000, primarily as the result of increases of $35,090,000 in demand deposits and savings accounts, partially offset by decreases of $9,156,000 in time deposits. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company experienced net cash inflows of $46,923,000 primarily as the result of increases of $44,010,000 in demand deposits and savings accounts, offset by decreases of $2.913,000 in time deposits and reciprocal accounts.

The Company has the ability to increase or decrease loan growth, increase or decrease deposits and borrowings, or a combination of both to manage balance sheet liquidity.

Regulatory Matters

Capital Adequacy

The Company (on a consolidated basis) and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements adopted by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Board of Governors”). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandates and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the consolidated Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors. Prompt corrective action provisions are not applicable to bank holding companies.

Quantitative measures established by the capital adequacy guidelines require insured institutions to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of Tier 1 capital (the sum of common stockholders' equity, noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries, minus intangible assets, identified losses and investments in certain subsidiaries, plus unrealized losses or minus unrealized gains on available for sale securities) to total assets. Institutions which have received the highest composite regulatory rating and which are not experiencing or anticipating significant growth are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of 3% of Tier 1 capital to total assets. All other institutions are required to maintain a minimum leverage capital ratio of at least 100 to 200 basis points above the 3% minimum requirement.

The Company has adopted a capital plan that includes guidelines and trigger points to ensure sufficient capital is maintained at the Bank and the Company, and that capital ratios are maintained at a level deemed appropriate under regulatory guidelines given the level of classified assets, concentrations of credit, ALLL, current and projected growth, and projected retained earnings. The capital plan also contains contingency strategies to obtain additional capital as required to fulfill future capital requirements for both the Bank, as a separate legal entity, and the Company on a consolidated basis. The capital plan requires the Bank to maintain a ratio of tangible shareholders' equity to total tangible assets equal to or greater than 9.0%. The Bank’s ratio of tangible shareholders’ equity to total tangible assets was 12.11% and 13.3% at March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

The following table sets forth the Company’s and the Bank's actual capital positions at March 31, 2019, as well as the minimum capital requirements and requirements to be well capitalized under prompt corrective action provisions (Bank required only) under the regulatory guidelines discussed above:

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Table 14. Capital Ratios



	Ratio at March 31, 2019	Ratio at December 31, 2018	Minimum for Capital Adequacy (1)	Minimum requirement for "Well Capitalized" Institution
Total capital to risk weighted assets
Company	17.75%	17.80%	10.50%	N/A
Bank	17.77%	17.70%	10.50%	10.00%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Company	16.50%	16.55%	8.50%	N/A
Bank	16.52%	16.45%	8.50%	8.00%
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets
Company	15.08%	15.15%	7.00%	N/A
Bank	16.52%	16.45%	7.00%	6.50%
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets (leverage)
Company	12.30%	12.15%	6.00%	N/A
Bank	12.33%	12.16%	6.00%	5.00%

(1) Includes 2.50% Capital Conservation Buffer

The Federal Reserve and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation approved final capital rules in July 2013, that substantially amended the then existing capital rules for banks. These new rules reflect, in part, certain standards initially adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in December 2010 (commonly referred to as “Basel III”) as well as requirements encompassed by the Dodd-Frank Act.

The final rules set a new common equity tier 1 requirement and higher minimum tier 1 requirements for all banking organizations. The final rules also require a Common Equity Tier 1 capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets which is in addition to the other minimum risk-based capital standards in the rule. The capital buffer requirement is being be phased in over three years beginning in 2016, and will effectively raise the minimum required Common Equity Tier 1 RBC Ratio to 7.0%, the Tier 1 RBC Ratio to 8.5%, and the Total RBC Ratio to 10.5% on a fully phased-in basis. Institutions that do not maintain the required capital buffer will become subject to progressively more stringent limitations on the percentage of earnings that can be paid out in dividends or used for stock repurchases, and on the payment of discretionary bonuses to executive management. The rules revise the prompt corrective action framework to incorporate the new regulatory capital minimums. They also enhance risk sensitivity and address weaknesses identified over recent years with the measure of risk-weighted assets.

As of March 31, 2019, the Company and the Bank meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject. Management believes that, under the current regulations, both will continue to meet their minimum capital requirements in the foreseeable future.

Dividends

Dividends paid to shareholders by the Holding Company are subject to restrictions set forth in the California General

Corporation Law. As applicable to the Holding Company, the California General Corporation Law provides that the Holding Company may make a distribution to its shareholders if retained earnings immediately prior to the dividend payout are at least equal to the amount of the proposed distribution or if immediately after the distribution, the value of the Holding Company’s assets would equal or exceed the sum of its total liabilities. The primary source of funds with which dividends will be paid to shareholders will come from cash dividends received by the Company from the Bank.

On April 25, 2017, the Board of Directors announced the authorization of the repurchase of up to $3,000,000 of the outstanding stock of the Holding Company. This amount represents 2.7% of total shareholders' equity of $111,193,000 at March 31, 2019. The timing of the purchases will depend on certain factors including, but not limited to, market conditions and prices, available funds, and alternative uses of capital. The stock repurchase program may be carried out through open-market purchases, block trades, or negotiated private transactions. During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company did not repurchase any of the shares available.

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During the three months ended ended March 31, 2019, the Bank paid $2,024,000 in cash dividends to the Holding Company which funded the Holding Company’s operating costs and payments of interest on its junior subordinated debt.

The Bank, as a state-chartered bank, is subject to dividend restrictions set forth in the California Financial Code, as administered by the Commissioner of the DBO (“Commissioner”). As applicable to the Bank, the Financial Code provides that the Bank may not pay cash dividends in an amount which exceeds the lesser of the retained earnings of the Bank or the Bank’s net income for the last three fiscal years (less the amount of distributions to the Holding Company during that period of time). If the above test is not met, cash dividends may only be paid with the prior approval of the Commissioner, in an amount not exceeding the Bank’s net income for its last fiscal year or the amount of its net income for the current fiscal year. Such restrictions do not apply to stock dividends, which generally require neither the satisfaction of any tests nor the approval of the Commissioner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Commissioner finds that the shareholder's equity of the Bank is not adequate or that the declaration of a dividend would be unsafe or unsound, the Commissioner may order the Bank not to pay any dividend. The Reserve Bank may also limit dividends paid by the Bank.

Reserve Balances

The Bank is required to maintain average reserve balances with the Federal Reserve Bank. During 2005, the Company implemented a deposit reclassification program which allows the Company to reclassify a portion of transaction accounts to non-transaction accounts for reserve purposes. The deposit reclassification program is provided by a third-party vendor and has been approved by the Federal Reserve Bank. At March 31, 2019, the Bank was not subject to a reserve requirement.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company’s assessment of market risk as of March 31, 2019 indicates there are no material changes in the quantitative and qualitative disclosures from those in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

As of March 31, 2019, the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures was carried out. Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

The Company does not expect that its disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not

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absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns in controls or procedures can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Not applicable

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None during the quarter ended March 31, 2019.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable

Item 6. Exhibits:


(a)	Exhibits:



11	Computation of Earnings per Share*
31.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of United Security Bancshares pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

* Data required by Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 260, Earnings per Share, is provided in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements in this report.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



		United Security Bancshares

Date:	May 3, 2019	/S/ Dennis R. Woods
		Dennis R. Woods
		President and Chief Executive Officer

		/S/ Bhavneet Gill
		Bhavneet Gill
		Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer