Prepared by R.R. Donnelley Financial -- Form 10-Q for the period ended 3/31/2002
Table of Contents
 
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
 

 
FORM 10-Q
 
x    Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2002
 
OR
 
¨    Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
For the transition period from to                          to                         
 
Commission file number 0-23791
 
SONOSITE, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Washington
(State or Other Jurisdiction
of Incorporation or Organization)
 
91-1405022
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)
 
21919 30th Drive SE, Bothell, WA
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
98021-3904
(Zip Code)
 
(425) 951-1200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
Yes x    No ¨
 
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value
(Class)
 
11,376,789
(Outstanding as of May 10, 2002)


Table of Contents
 
SonoSite, Inc.
 
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2002
 
Table of Contents
 
         
Page No.

PART I
  
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
    
Item 1.
  
Financial Statements (unaudited)
    
       
3
       
4
       
5
       
6
Item 2.
     
9
Item 3.
     
23
PART II
  
OTHER INFORMATION
    
Item 1.
     
24
Item 6.
     
24
  
25

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PART I:  FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
Item 1.    Financial Statements
 
SonoSite, Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
 
(In thousands, except share data)
  
March 31, 2002

    
December 31, 2001

 
Assets
                 
Current assets:
                 
Cash and cash equivalents
  
$
33,664
 
  
$
33,116
 
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,043 and $932
  
 
11,300
 
  
 
14,003
 
Inventories
  
 
8,474
 
  
 
8,299
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  
 
888
 
  
 
1,017
 
    


  


Total current assets
  
 
54,326
 
  
 
56,435
 
Property and equipment, net
  
 
5,435
 
  
 
5,685
 
Receivable from affiliate
  
 
20
 
  
 
188
 
Other assets
  
 
1,588
 
  
 
870
 
    


  


Total assets
  
$
61,369
 
  
$
63,178
 
    


  


Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
                 
Current liabilities:
                 
Accounts payable
  
$
3,218
 
  
$
1,914
 
Accrued expenses
  
 
4,081
 
  
 
3,816
 
Current portion of long-term obligations
  
 
135
 
  
 
131
 
Deferred revenue
  
 
1,522
 
  
 
1,248
 
    


  


Total current liabilities
  
 
8,956
 
  
 
7,109
 
Deferred rent
  
 
212
 
  
 
201
 
Long-term obligations, less current portion
  
 
150
 
  
 
185
 
    


  


Total liabilities
  
 
9,318
 
  
 
7,495
 
Commitments and contingencies
                 
Shareholders’ equity:
                 
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value
                 
Authorized shares—6,000,000
                 
Issued and outstanding shares—none
  
 
—  
 
  
 
—  
 
Common stock, $.01 par value
                 
Authorized shares—50,000,000
                 
Issued and outstanding shares:
                 
As of March 31, 2002—11,374,989
                 
As of December 31, 2001—11,363,231
  
 
114
 
  
 
114
 
Additional paid-in-capital
  
 
133,552
 
  
 
133,470
 
Accumulated deficit
  
 
(81,572
)
  
 
(77,901
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
  
 
(43
)
  
 
 
    


  


Total shareholders’ equity
  
 
52,051
 
  
 
55,683
 
    


  


Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
  
$
61,369
 
  
$
63,178
 
    


  


 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SonoSite, Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
 
(In thousands, except loss per share)
  
Quarters Ended March 31,

 
    
2002

    
2001

 
Sales revenue
  
$
12,843
 
  
$
8,163
 
Cost of sales revenue
  
 
5,395
 
  
 
4,866
 
    


  


Gross margin on sales revenue
  
 
7,448
 
  
 
3,297
 
Operating expenses:
                 
Research and development
  
 
3,248
 
  
 
3,555
 
Sales and marketing
  
 
6,331
 
  
 
5,533
 
General and administrative
  
 
1,490
 
  
 
1,129
 
    


  


Total operating expenses
  
 
11,069
 
  
 
10,217
 
Other income (loss):
                 
Interest income
  
 
122
 
  
 
388
 
Interest expense
  
 
(38
)
  
 
(32
)
Equity in losses of affiliates
  
 
(134
)
  
 
(161
)
    


  


Total other income (loss)
  
 
(50
)
  
 
195
 
    


  


Net loss
  
$
(3,671
)
  
$
(6,725
)
    


  


Basic and diluted net loss per share
  
$
(0.32
)
  
$
(0.70
)
    


  


Weighted average common and potential common shares used in computing net loss per share
  
 
11,372
 
  
 
9,567
 
    


  


 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SonoSite, Inc.
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
 
(In thousands)
  
Quarters Ended March 31,

 
    
2002

    
2001

 
Operating activities:
                 
Net loss
  
$
(3,671
)
  
$
(6,725
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
                 
Depreciation and amortization
  
 
576
 
  
 
595
 
Equity in losses of affiliates
  
 
134
 
  
 
161
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
                 
Accounts receivable
  
 
2,475
 
  
 
(1,791
)
Receivable from affiliate
  
 
34
 
  
 
58
 
Inventories
  
 
(184
)
  
 
1,814
 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
  
 
129
 
  
 
525
 
Other assets
  
 
(20
)
  
 
36
 
Accounts payable
  
 
1,246
 
  
 
(3,844
)
Accrued expenses
  
 
(156
)
  
 
(678
)
Deferred liabilities
  
 
285
 
  
 
82
 
    


  


Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
  
 
848
 
  
 
(9,767
)
Investing activities:
                 
Purchase of investments
  
 
 
  
 
(2,574
)
Proceeds from maturities of investments
  
 
 
  
 
5,959
 
Purchase of property and equipment
  
 
(326
)
  
 
(385
)
    


  


Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
  
 
(326
)
  
 
3,000
 
Financing activities:
                 
Repayment of long-term obligations
  
 
(31
)
  
 
(102
)
Exercise of stock options
  
 
82
 
  
 
511
 
Cash used for offering costs
  
 
(15
)
  
 
 
    


  


Net cash provided by financing activities
  
 
36
 
  
 
409
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
  
 
(10
)
  
 
 
Net change in cash
  
 
548
 
  
 
(6,358
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
  
 
33,116
 
  
 
11,067
 
    


  


Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
  
$
33,664
 
  
$
4,709
 
    


  


Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
                 
Cash paid for interest
  
$
38
 
  
$
42
 
    


  


Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
                 
Unrealized loss on investment
  
$
 
  
$
(111
)
    


  


Offering costs included in accounts payable and accrued expenses
  
$
479
 
  
$
 
    


  


 
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SonoSite, Inc.
 
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
 
Interim Financial Information
 
The information contained herein has been prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. The information furnished reflects, in the opinion of SonoSite, Inc. management, all adjustments necessary (which are of a normal and recurring nature) for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period presented. The results of operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 are not necessarily indicative of our expected results for the entire year ending December 31, 2002 or for any other fiscal period. These financial statements do not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. For a presentation including all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2001, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K/A. Certain amounts reported in previous periods have been reclassified to conform to current presentation.
 
Financial Instruments
 
Cash equivalents
 
Cash equivalents consist of money market and highly liquid debt instruments with original or remaining maturities at purchase of three months or less.
 
Accounts receivable
 
In the ordinary course of business, we grant credit to a broad customer base. Of the accounts receivable balance at March 31, 2002, 61% and 39% were receivable from international and domestic parties, prior to any allowance for doubtful accounts, of which approximately $487,000 was included in other long-term assets. The same percentages as of December 31, 2001 were 58% and 42% prior to any allowance for doubtful accounts, of which approximately $283,000 was included in other long-term assets.
 
During the quarter ended March 31, 2002, sales revenue was 51% domestic and 49% international, compared to 44% domestic and 56% international during the quarter ended March 31, 2001.
 
The following table presents individual customers whose outstanding receivable balance as a percentage of total trade receivables and/or revenue as a percentage of total sales revenue exceeded 10%:
 
      
Accounts Receivable As of

      
Sales Revenue For the Quarter Ended

 
      
March 31, 2002

      
December 31, 2001

      
March 31, 2002

      
March 31, 2001

 
Japanese distributor
    
11
%
    
28
%
    
11
%
    
15
%
Middle Eastern distributor
                               
18
%
      

    

    

    

Totals
    
11
%
    
28
%
    
11
%
    
33
%
      

    

    

    

 
We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.
 
Fair value of financial instruments
 
The carrying value of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, certain long-term other assets and debt, approximates fair value. Cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Long-term other assets and debt approximate fair value as interest rates on these notes approximate market.

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Inventories
 
Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out method, or market. Included in our inventories balance are demonstration products used by our sales representatives and marketing department, and items that have been shipped to customers for which revenue recognition requirements have not been met, including products whose title and custody have passed to the customer. Adjustments to cost are recorded for obsolete material, earlier generation products and refurbished product held either as saleable inventory or as demonstration product if necessary to reduce their carrying values to amounts which will result in approximately normal profit margins upon sale. Inventory items for which title has passed to customers are evaluated for recoverability based on the same process we use to evaluate collection of accounts receivable. If market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, additional downward inventory cost adjustments may be required.
 
Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
 
    
As of

    
March 31, 2002

  
December 31, 2001

Raw material
  
$
3,365
  
$
3,915
Demonstration inventory
  
 
2,146
  
 
1,789
Finished goods
  
 
2,963
  
 
2,595
    

  

Total
  
$
8,474
  
$
8,299
    

  

 
At both March 31, 2002 and December 31, 2001, finished goods includes approximately $0.8 million of inventory whose title had passed to the customer and for which revenue has not yet been recognized.
 
Property and equipment
 
Property and equipment are stated at historical cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Maintenance and repair costs are expensed as incurred, with additions and improvements to property and equipment capitalized.
 
Depreciation and amortization are calculated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:
 
Asset

  
Estimated Useful Lives

Equipment, other than computer
  
5-7 years
Software
  
3 years
Computer equipment
  
3-5 years
Furniture and fixtures
  
5 years
Leasehold improvements
  
Lesser of estimated useful life or expected remaining lease term
 
Direct internal and external costs for computer software developed for internal use are capitalized in accordance with SOP 98-1, “Accounting for Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use.” Capitalized costs are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives beginning when each module is complete and ready for use. Such costs are insignificant for all periods presented.
 
The carrying value of long-lived assets is evaluated for impairment when events or changes in circumstances occur, which may indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. We evaluate the carrying value of the assets by comparing the estimated future cash flows generated from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition with the assets’ reported net book value.
 
Concentration of credit and supply risk
 
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, investments and accounts receivable.
 
We depend on some single-source suppliers to provide highly specialized parts and other components. We do not intend to maintain significant inventories of components, and may experience an interruption of supply if a supplier is unable or unwilling to meet our time, quantity and quality requirements. There are relatively few alternative sources of supply for some of these items. An increase in demand for some parts by other companies in our industry could also interrupt our supply of components.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Other comprehensive loss consists of net unrealized losses on investments and translation adjustments for fluctuations in currency exchange rates for intercompany transactions.
 
The following presents the components of comprehensive loss (in thousands):
 
    
For the Quarter Ended

 
    
March 31, 2002

    
March 31, 2001

 
Net loss
  
$
(3,671
)
  
$
(6,725
)
Other comprehensive loss:
                 
Translation adjustment
  
 
(43
)
  
 
—  
 
Unrealized loss on investments
  
 
—  
 
  
 
(111
)
    


  


Comprehensive loss
  
$
(3,714
)
  
$
(6,836
)
    


  


 
Net Loss per Share
 
Basic and diluted net loss per share was computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted average common shares outstanding exclusive of unvested restricted shares. Outstanding options to purchase our shares and our unvested restricted shares were not included in the computations of diluted net loss per share because to do so would be antidilutive. As of March 31, 2002, our outstanding options totaled 2,715,718. There were no unvested restricted shares remaining as of March 31, 2002. As of March 31, 2001, our outstanding options and unvested restricted shares totaled 2,286,474.
 
The following is a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic loss per share calculations (in thousands, except loss per share):
 
    
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2002

      
For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2001

 
    
Loss

      
Shares

    
LPS

      
Loss

      
Shares

      
LPS

 
Weighted average shares outstanding
             
11,372
                          
9,568
 
          
Weighted average unvested restricted stock
             
—  
                          
(1
)
          
    


    
    


    


    

    


Basic and diluted loss per share
  
$
(3,671
)
    
11,372
    
$
(.32
)
    
$
(6,725
)
    
9,567
 
    
$
(.70
)
    


    
    


    


    

    


 
Subsequent to March 31, 2002, our shareholders on April 30, 2002 approved an additional 500,000 shares available for issuance under the SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan (previously known as the SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Stock Grant and Performance Unit Plan).
 
Foreign Currency Translation
 
The functional currencies of our international subsidiaries are the local currency of the country in which the subsidiary is located. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Net sales, costs and expenses of international operations are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on currency transactions were immaterial in all periods presented.
 
Litigation
 
On July 24, 2001, Neutrino Development Corporation filed a complaint against us in U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent 6,221,021 by SonoSite as a result of our use, sale and manufacture of the SonoSite 180, SonoSite 180 PLUS, SonoHeart and SonoHeart PLUS devices. The complaint asserts claims for preliminary and permanent injunctive relief enjoining all alleged acts of infringement, compensatory and enhanced damages, attorney’s fees and costs, and pre- and post-judgment interest. On August 14, 2001, we filed an answer asserting alternative defenses of non-infringement and patent invalidity, and including a counterclaim seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity regarding Neutrino’s patent. On October 4, 2001, the court denied a request by Neutrino for preliminary injunctive relief to prevent us from manufacturing and selling our products pending the ultimate disposition of the litigation. On February 20, 2002, in what is known as a “Markman” hearing, the parties presented their arguments regarding the proper construction of Neutrino’s patent claims. The court has not yet ruled on the issues presented in that hearing. We believe

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we have good and sufficient defenses to the claims of patent infringement asserted against us by Neutrino and we are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter.
 
Segment Reporting
 
We currently have one operating segment. Geographic regions are determined by the shipping destination. Sales revenue by geographic location and segregated between distributor and direct sales in the United States is as follows (in thousands):
 
    
For the Quarter Ended March 31,

    
2002

    
2001

United States direct sales
  
$
6,271
    
$
3,036
United States distributor
  
 
297
    
 
570
    

    

Total United States
  
 
6,568
    
 
3,606
Japan
  
 
1,379
    
 
1,186
Other Asia (a)
  
 
650
    
 
437
Europe, Africa and the Middle East
  
 
3,115
    
 
2,619
Canada, South and Latin America
  
 
1,131
    
 
437
    

    

Total sales revenue
  
$
12,843
    
$
8,163
    

    

 
(a)
 
Other Asia includes China, India, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan.
 
New Accounting Pronouncements
 
In July 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 141, “Business Combinations,” and Statement No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Statement No. 141 requires that all business combinations be accounted for under a single method—the purchase method. Use of the pooling-of-interest method is no longer permitted. Statement 141 requires that the purchase method be used for business combinations initiated after June 30, 2001. Statement 142 requires that goodwill no longer be amortized to earnings, but instead be reviewed for impairment. The amortization of goodwill ceases upon adoption of the statement, which was adopted by us on January 1, 2002. The adoption of this statement did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
 
In August 2001, the FASB issued Statement No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” which supersedes Statement No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of.” Statement No. 144 retains many of the fundamental provisions of Statement No. 121 and provides a single method of accounting for long-lived assets to be disposed of. We adopted the provisions of Statement No. 144 for the fiscal year beginning January 1, 2002. The adoption of this statement for long-lived assets held for use did not have any impact on our financial statements. The provisions of the statement for assets held for sale or other disposal generally are required to be applied prospectively after the adoption date to newly initiated disposal activities. Therefore, we cannot determine the potential future effects that the adoption of this statement for assets held for sale or other disposal will have on our financial statements.
 
Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
 
Our disclosure and analysis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events. Forward-looking statements include statements about our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions and other statements that are not historical facts. Words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect” and “intend” may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not necessarily mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties, and are based on potentially inaccurate assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expected or implied by the forward-looking statements. You should not unduly rely on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this report.
 
We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our future Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and Annual Reports on Form 10-K. Also note that we provide a cautionary discussion of risks, uncertainties and possibly inaccurate assumptions relevant to our business under the caption “Important Factors That May Affect Our Business, Our Results of Operations and Our Stock Price” in this report. These are risks that we think could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in our forward-looking

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statements or from our expected or historical results. Other factors besides those described in this report could also affect actual results.
 
Overview
 
We are a leading provider of high performance, highly miniaturized, hand-carried, all-digital ultrasound imaging devices for use in a variety of clinical applications and settings. Our proprietary technologies have enabled us to design hand-carried diagnostic ultrasound devices that combine all-digital, high resolution imaging with advanced features and capabilities traditionally found on cart-based ultrasound systems. We believe that the portability, high quality and cost effectiveness of our products are expanding existing markets and will create new markets for ultrasound imaging by:
 
 
 
bringing ultrasound out of the imaging center to the patient’s bedside or the physician’s examining table; and
 
 
 
enabling physicians to conduct an “imaging physical” by incorporating ultrasound imaging into routine physical examinations.
 
The size and complexity of traditional ultrasound systems typically compel physicians to refer patients to a highly trained sonographer employed by an imaging center, such as a hospital’s radiology department. By providing ultrasound at the primary point of care, our hand-carried, easy-to-use devices can eliminate delays associated with the referral process and enable physicians to use ultrasound more frequently and in a wider variety of clinical settings. This increased accessibility creates the potential for enhanced patient care through earlier diagnosis of diseases and conditions.
 
We currently focus on six key market segments: radiology, obstetrics and gynecology, emergency medicine, surgery, cardiology and vascular medicine. Our current products include the SonoSite 180PLUS, for general ultrasound imaging, and the SonoHeart ELITE, specifically configured for cardiovascular applications. These products are used together with any of our five interchangeable handheld components, or transducers, that are designed for specific clinical applications.
 
We were formerly the handheld ultrasound device division of ATL Ultrasound, Inc., or ATL. On April 6, 1998, we were spun off as an independent, publicly owned Washington corporation to further the development and commercialization of high performance, highly miniaturized, hand-carried, all-digital ultrasound imaging devices. ATL retained no ownership in us following the spin-off. Under an agreement with ATL, we hold a five- year exclusive license to use any ATL ultrasound technology existing at the time of the spin-off, or created by ATL during the three years following the spin-off, in ultrasound devices weighing 15 pounds or less. On April 6, 2003, this license becomes nonexclusive and, except for ATL patented technology or registered software, will extend to use in ultrasound devices weighing more than 15 pounds. We sold our first products in September 1999.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to product returns, bad debts, inventories, investments, warranty obligations, service contracts, contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. The results form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
 
We believe the following critical accounting policies require our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements:
 
Revenue recognition.    We recognize sales revenue on products and accessories when goods are shipped under an agreement with a customer, risk of loss and title have passed to the customer and collection of any resulting receivable is reasonably assured. For service contracts, revenue is recognized over the term of the contract. Sales discounts are recorded as a reduction in revenue.
 
In connection with sales to certain specific international customers, we sometimes conclude that full collection of the related accounts receivable is not reasonably assured due to extended payment terms or the financial condition of our customer and, consequently, we do not recognize revenue or cost of revenue at the time of title transfer. In instances where collection is not reasonably assured, revenue and cost of revenue are recorded when cash is received. Additionally, in cases of nonstandard

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delivery and acceptance criteria, we will not recognize revenue at shipment, but rather when the delivery and acceptance criteria have been satisfied.
 
Valuation of inventories.    Inventories are stated at the lower of standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out method, or market. Included in our inventories balance are demonstration products used by our sales representatives and marketing department and items that have been shipped to customers for which revenue recognition requirements have not been met. Cost adjustments are recorded for obsolete material, earlier generation products and used product held either as saleable inventory or as demonstration product, if necessary to reduce their carrying values to amounts which will result in approximately normal profit margins upon sale. Inventory items for which title has passed to customers are evaluated for recoverability based on the same process we use to evaluate collection of accounts receivable.
 
We make judgments regarding the carrying value of our inventory based on current market conditions. Market conditions may change depending upon competitive product introductions, consumer demand and reimbursement criteria in the medical community. If market conditions change or if the introduction of new products by us impacts the market for our previously released products we may be required to write-down the cost of our inventory.
 
Results of Operations
 
Revenue
 
Sales revenue increased to $12.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $8.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The increase was primarily due to an increase in sales in the United States resulting from an increase in direct sales representatives.
 
The following represents sales revenue by region:
 
    
For the Quarter Ended March 31,

    
2002

  
2001

United States:
         
Direct sales
  
49%
  
37%
Distributor sales
  
2%
  
7%
    
  
Total U.S. sales
  
51%
  
44%
Japan
  
11%
  
15%
Europe, Africa and the Middle East
  
24%
  
32%
Canada, South and Latin America, Asia (a) and other
  
14%
  
9%
    
  
Total sales revenue
  
100%
  
100%
    
  
 
(a)
 
Asia includes China, India, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan.
 
Total U.S. sales increased to $6.6 million, or 51% of total revenue, for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $3.6 million, or 44%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, due to our new product introductions and increased selling efforts. Within the United States, direct sales increased to $6.3 million, or 49% of total revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $3.0 million, or 37%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, due to the increase in direct sales representatives. With our transition to a direct sales force, distributor sales in the United States decreased to $297,000, or 2% of total revenue, for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 compared to $570,000, or 7%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001.
 
Sales revenue from Japan increased to $1.4 million, or 11% of total revenue, for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $1.2 million, or 15%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, due to an increase in orders from our distributor in Japan.
 
Sales revenue from Europe, Africa and the Middle East increased to $3.1 million, or 24% of total revenue, for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $2.6 million, or 32%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, due to an increase in direct sales in the United Kingdom and our recently established operations in France, Germany and Spain.
 
Sales revenue from Canada, South and Latin America and Asia (excluding Japan) increased to $1.8 million, or 14% of total revenue, for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $752,000, or 9%, for the quarter ended March 31, 2001, primarily due to an increase in orders from our distributors in Mexico and China.

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Gross margin
 
Gross margin increased to 58.0% for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to 40.4% for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to a combination of increased selling prices and manufacturing efficiencies from higher volumes. The increased selling prices resulted primarily from an increase in the percentage of direct sales compared with distributor sales.
 
Operating expenses
 
Research and development expenses were $3.2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $3.6 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. Research and development expenses decreased primarily due to a reduction in product development costs after the completion and introduction of the SonoHeart ELITE during the first quarter of 2002.
 
Sales and marketing expenses were $6.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $5.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The increase was primarily due to an increase in direct selling expenses in the United States and Europe associated with the increase in the number of sales representatives and sales management.
 
General and administrative expenses were $1.5 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $1.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The increase in general and administrative expenses related primarily to legal expenses incurred to defend our intellectual property rights. We expect to incur additional legal expenses as we continue to defend our patent rights in the existing patent litigation, although the timing and amount of such expenses are unknown.
 
Other income (loss)
 
For other income and loss, we reported a loss of $50,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to income of $195,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The decrease was primarily due to decreased interest income as a result of lower interest rates.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our cash and cash equivalents balance was $33.7 million as of March 31, 2002, compared to $33.1 million as of December 31, 2001. Cash and cash equivalents were primarily invested in money market accounts.
 
Operating activities provided cash of $848,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 compared to cash used of $9.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The increase in cash provided in 2002 compared with 2001 was primarily due to a reduction in our net loss, a decrease in accounts receivable and an increase in accounts payable.
 
Investing activities used cash of $326,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to cash provided of $3.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The cash used for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 was primarily due to purchases of property and equipment. The cash provided for the quarter ended March 31, 2001 was primarily due to maturities of investment securities and was partially offset by the purchases of investment securities and property and equipment.
 
We anticipate using cash to invest in high quality investment instruments in 2002, the extent of which will be dependent upon the interest rate environment during the year and the timing of cash flows from our operations during the year.
 
Financing activities provided cash of $36,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2002, compared to $409,000 for the quarter ended March 31, 2001. The main source of cash provided by financing activities is the exercise of employee stock options.
 
We anticipate that cash used in operations will decrease in 2002 compared to 2001 primarily due to anticipated decreases in our net loss. This decrease will be dependent upon our ability to successfully sell our products, collect our receivables, control our inventories and manage our expenses.
 
We believe that our existing cash and cash generated from operations will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next year. Nevertheless, we may experience an increased need for additional cash due to:
 
 
 
any adverse impact to our revenues or gross margins as a result of increased competition;
 
 
 
any delay or inability to collect accounts receivable timely as a result of continued or deteriorating global economic conditions;

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a need to significantly increase our sales and marketing and research and development expenditures as a result of increased competition or new market opportunities; and
 
 
 
a need to significantly increase our sales and marketing expenditures as a result of our introduction of new products.
 
On February 13, 2002, our board of directors authorized the filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission as part of our plan to raise additional capital.
 
Important Factors That May Affect Our Business, Our Results of Operations and Our Stock Price
 
If our products do not gain market acceptance, we will fail to generate sufficient revenue to maintain our business.
 
The market for hand-carried, high performance ultrasound devices is new and largely undeveloped. Our products represent a new technological alternative to traditional ultrasound examinations. We seek to sell our products to current users of ultrasound, as well as to physicians and other healthcare providers who do not currently use ultrasound, and our success will depend on the acceptance of our products by the medical community, patients and third-party payors as medically useful, safe and cost-effective. Competing hand-carried or traditional cart-based ultrasound devices may be more cost-effective than our products. Physicians and other healthcare providers may adopt our products at a slow rate, if at all. If the market fails to accept our products, we will be unable to generate sufficient sales revenue to maintain our business.
 
If we are unable to compete effectively, we will fail to generate sufficient revenue to maintain our business.
 
We currently face competition from companies that manufacture cart-based and portable ultrasound devices. The dominant competitors in this industry are GE Medical Systems, a unit of General Electric Company, Siemens AG and Philips Medical Systems, a unit of Koninklijke Philips Electronics, N.V. that recently purchased two other competitors, Agilent Healthcare Solutions Group and ATL, our former parent company. These competitors are very large, global organizations and have the following advantages over us:
 
 
 
greater financial and infrastructure resources;
 
 
 
larger research and development staffs
 
 
 
greater experience in product manufacturing, marketing and distribution;
 
 
 
greater brand name recognition; and
 
 
 
long-standing relationships with many of our potential customers.
 
These manufacturers of cart-based and portable ultrasound devices could use their greater resources to increase and withstand competition through various means, including price and payment terms, product quality, market penetration, employee compensation, hospital systems integration and complementary services such as warranty protection, maintenance and product training. Existing product supply relationships between these companies and our potential customers could discourage widespread adoption of our products due to brand loyalty or preferred customer discounts. Competition from these companies could result in higher turnover of our employees. If we are unable to respond to competitive pressures from the cart-based and portable ultrasound markets, we could experience delayed or reduced market acceptance of our products, higher expenses and lower sales revenue.
 
In addition, as the market for hand-carried, high performance ultrasound devices develops, we expect competition to increase as potential and existing competitors enter the hand-carried market or modify their existing products to more closely approximate the combined portability, quality, performance and cost or our products. Our current competitors in the hand-carried market include GE Medical Systems, Agilent/Philips Medical Systems, Biosound Esaote, Inc., Medison America Inc., a subsidiary of Medison Company, Ltd., and Terason, a division of TeraTech Corporation. Other potential entrants to the hand-carried market include Novasonics, Inc. These competitors may develop highly portable or hand-carried ultrasound devices that offer the same or greater reliability and quality, perform greater or more useful functions, or are more cost-effective than our products. If we are unable to compete effectively with new entrants to the hand-carried, high performance ultrasound market, we will be unable to generate sufficient sales revenue to maintain our business.
 
 

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If our competitors develop and market medical imaging devices that render our products obsolete or noncompetitive, we will be unable to compete.
 
The life cycles of our products are difficult to estimate. Our products could become obsolete or unmarketable if:
 
 
 
our competitors introduce ultrasound devices that are superior to ours;
 
 
 
other products using new technologies emerge; or
 
 
 
industry standards exceed our products’ capabilities.
 
If we fail to enhance our existing products or develop and market new products, our products will become obsolete and we will be unable to compete.
 
Our single technological platform renders us less able to withstand adverse changes in the market.
 
Although we market our products for use in a variety of clinical applications and settings, we have only a single technological platform upon which all our ultrasound devices are based. Any attempt to design a new platform for ultrasound imaging will require substantial amounts of time and money, and may not be successful. If our platform becomes obsolete, unmarketable or unaccepted by the market for any reason, and we are unable or slow to develop a new platform to replace it, we will be unable to generate sufficient sales revenue to maintain our business.
 
If traditional providers of ultrasound examinations discourage potential new users from adopting our products, we could experience limited demand for our products.
 
In traditional ultrasound practice, physicians and other healthcare providers typically refer patients to centralized locations where radiologists and other specialized personnel provide ultrasound examinations. Although our products are currently used by radiologists, our products also enable the delivery of ultrasound examinations at the primary point of care by the examining physician or healthcare provider. Radiologists and other ultrasound specialists have a professional and financial interest in maintaining traditional ultrasound practice. If these traditional providers of ultrasound examinations discourage other healthcare providers from adopting our products, we could experience limited demand for our products.
 
If the training and education necessary to conduct ultrasound examinations discourage new users from adopting our products, we could experience limited demand for our products.
 
We seek to sell our products to customers already experienced in ultrasound procedures, as well as to physicians and other healthcare providers who do not currently use ultrasound imaging devices or administer ultrasound examinations. Although customers who are experienced in ultrasound procedures will need little, if any, specialized training to use our products, any new users of ultrasound will require training and education to properly administer ultrasound examinations. If these potential customers are unable or unwilling to be trained due to cost, time constraints, unavailability of courses or other reasons, we could experience limited demand for our products.
 
If our suppliers, including our single-source suppliers, fail to supply us with the components that we need to manufacture our products on a timely basis, we could experience production delays, cost increases and lost sales.
 
We depend on suppliers, including some single-source suppliers, to provide highly specialized parts, such as custom-designed integrated circuits, cable assemblies and transducer components. We also depend on single-source suppliers to provide other components, such as image displays, batteries, capacitors and cables. We do not maintain significant inventories of components, and may experience an interruption of supply if a supplier is unable or unwilling to meet our time, quantity and quality requirements. There are relatively few alternative sources of supply for some of these components. An increase in demand for some parts by other companies could also interrupt our supply of components. We have in the past experienced supply problems in timeliness and quality, but to date these problems have not resulted in lost sales or lower demand. Nevertheless, if we experience an interruption of supply or are required to switch suppliers, the manufacture and delivery of our products could be interrupted, our manufacturing costs could substantially increase and we could lose substantial amounts of product sales.

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If we or our suppliers fail to comply with regulations governing our manufacturing practices, we could experience production delays, cost increases and lost sales.
 
The FDA requires us and our key suppliers to demonstrate and maintain compliance with the FDA’s Quality System Regulation, or QSR, which covers the methods and documentation of the design, testing, production, control, quality assurance, labeling, packaging and shipping of our products. The FDA enforces the QSR through periodic, unannounced inspections. We, or any of our key component suppliers, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements. Failure to take corrective action in response to a QSR inspection could force a shutdown of our manufacturing operations and a recall of, or field action relating to, our products. Such failure may prevent us from meeting production schedules, minimizing manufacturing costs, maintaining quality requirements or completing product sales.
 
For example, the FDA inspected our manufacturing facility in August 2001. In addition, the British Standards Institution performed a management systems assessment of our manufacturing processes in May 2000, February 2001 and June 2001. These inspections resulted in observations to which we submitted responses, and we believe these responses have been accepted by those agencies. Also, in August 2001 the FDA classified as a class II field action a May 2000 software upgrade we issued to correct an error in an algorithm contained in one of our products. If our appeal of this classification is unsuccessful, we will be required to take additional steps in an effort to ensure that all affected purchasers receive the upgrade. If required to take action, we do not believe the associated costs will be significant. Although to date these actions by regulatory bodies have not required us to incur substantial costs or delay product shipments, we expect to experience further inspections and incur additional costs as a result of governmental regulation.
 
Our limited manufacturing experience and the complexity of our products may impair our ability to respond effectively to manufacturing problems, manage our inventory and avoid excessive warranty costs.
 
Prior to the fourth quarter of 2000, we had outsourced the manufacture of our products to ATL. In the fourth quarter of 2000, we transitioned product manufacturing to our own facility under the control of our employees. In order to make this transition, we built a series of manufacturing lines and developed our own manufacturing processes and procedures. We have limited experience in managing manufacturing problems and risks, such as line shutdowns, product procurement issues, regulatory compliance, rework, quality system issues or yield issues. We manufacture our products and determine product mix based on forecasts of sales in future periods. Incorrect forecasts and long order lead-times could lead to shortages or surpluses of product inventory. If we experience any manufacturing problems, we may experience delays in shipping our products. Our failure to effectively manage our manufacturing process may prevent us from meeting production schedules, minimizing manufacturing costs, maintaining quality requirements or completing product sales.
 
In addition, our products are intricate and technically complex. As a result, deficiencies in our design and manufacturing process may result in significant warranty exposure. Our products generally carry a one-year warranty against defects in materials and workmanship. We will be responsible for all claims, actions, damages, liens, liabilities and costs for all product field actions, returns and defects attributable to manufacturing. Although we have established accruals for the liability associated with product warranties, any unforeseen warranty exposure could increase our expenses and impair our operating results.
 
Our reliance on a single manufacturing facility may impair our ability to respond to natural disasters or other unforeseen catastrophic events.
 
Our sole manufacturing facility is located in a single building in Bothell, Washington. Despite precautions taken by us, a natural disaster such as an earthquake or other unanticipated catastrophic events at this building could significantly impair our ability to manufacture our products and operate our business. Our facility and certain manufacturing equipment would be difficult to replace and could require substantial replacement lead-time. Such catastrophic events may also destroy any inventory of product or components. While we carry insurance for natural disasters and business interruption, the occurrence of such event could result in losses that exceed the amount of our insurance coverage, which would impair our financial results.
 
If our products do not perform as expected, we could experience lost revenue, delayed or reduced market acceptance of our products, increased costs and damage to our reputation.
 
Our success depends on the market’s confidence that we can provide reliable, high quality medical devices. Our customers are particularly sensitive to product defects and errors because of the use of our products in medical practice. Our reputation and the public image of our products may be impaired for any of the following reasons:

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failure of products to perform as expected;
 
 
 
a perception that our products are difficult to use; and
 
 
 
litigation concerning the performance of our products or our technology.
 
Even after any underlying problems are resolved, any manufacturing defects or performance errors in our products could result in lost revenue, delay in market acceptance, damage to our reputation, increased service and warranty costs and claims against us.
 
We have a history of losses, we expect future losses and we may never be profitable.
 
We have incurred net losses in each quarter since we commenced operations. As of March 31, 2002, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $81.6 million. Although we will continue to incur additional losses in the near term, we expect to achieve one or more profitable quarters within the next several quarters. Even if we do achieve one or more profitable quarters, however, we may be unable to sustain or increase future profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. Additionally, our losses may increase if we cannot increase or sustain our revenue. Our revenue from product sales has been insufficient to cover our expenses, and we expect that our operating expenses will substantially increase in the foreseeable future as we expand our sales and marketing infrastructure, our manufacturing capability and possibly our product development activities. Our expansion efforts, to be successful, may require more funding than we currently anticipate. Accordingly, we will need to generate significant additional sales revenue in the future before we will be able to sustain or increase profitability. If we cannot generate such revenue, we may never be profitable. If we fail to achieve or sustain profitability, the market price for our common stock will likely to fall.
 
A failure to manage our growth could impair our ability to achieve our business objectives.
 
We have experienced rapid growth since our inception as a stand-alone company. Our sales revenue increased from $10.2 million in 1999 to $32.0 million in 2000 and $45.7 million in 2001. During 2001, we increased the number of our sales representatives in the United States from 26 to 51, introduced two new products to the market and began expanding our operations in Europe. We expect continued significant growth in all areas of operations as we continue to develop, manufacture, market and sell our products. Our growth could strain our existing management, operational and financial resources. In order to manage our growth effectively, we will need to expand our manufacturing and quality assurance staff, our sales staff and our manufacturing capabilities. In addition, we will need to improve the productivity and efficiency of our existing operational, financial and management resources and information systems. We may be unable to hire and retain the personnel necessary to operate and expand our business. We also may be unable to increase the productivity and efficiency of our existing resources. If we fail to timely improve or augment our existing resources in response to our growth, we may be unable to effectively manage our business and achieve our objectives.
 
Our strategy of expanding and maintaining our domestic sales force may fail to generate a substantial increase in sales.
 
We began direct sales of our products in the United States in February 2000 with a sales force comprised of sonographers with little direct sales experience. Since then, we have nearly doubled the size of our direct sales force in the United States by supplementing our sonographers with trained professional sales people. We expect to continue expanding our domestic sales force to add clinical application specialists, including cardiology product specialists, in an effort to improve our sales efficiency and reach new markets. This expansion will require extensive training efforts, substantial management attention and a substantial increase in sales and marketing expenses. Despite our expenditures and efforts, we may not successfully expand our market penetration or generate a substantial increase in sales.
 
Our limited financial resources may impair our ability to market our products effectively and may limit our product sales.
 
Marketing is critical to generate awareness of our products and promote the new uses of ultrasound that our products enable. Our marketing efforts must overcome the marketing efforts of our competitors, as well as the resistance that may be shown by both existing and new ultrasound users. We have incurred and will continue to incur significant expenditures for a range of marketing efforts, including attendance at trade shows, direct mail solicitations and print advertising. If our limited financial resources impair our marketing budget, we may be unable to generate sufficient brand awareness to positively impact product sales. This lack of brand awareness may result in delayed or reduced market acceptance of our products and may limit our product sales.

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If our operating results fluctuate and fall below expectations of securities analysts and investors, our stock price may decline and you may lose some or all of your investment.
 
Our operating results have fluctuated in the past, and we expect these fluctuations to continue in the foreseeable future. Many factors affecting our quarterly operating results are outside our control, including:
 
 
 
product and price competition;
 
 
 
global economic conditions;
 
 
 
performance of our third-party distributors;
 
 
 
year-end customer budget constraints and other customer buying patterns; and
 
 
 
changes in component cost and availability.
 
Other factors are difficult to control, including:
 
 
 
demand for our products;
 
 
 
estimating appropriate manufacturing levels for forecasted sales;
 
 
 
inventory management and obsolescence;
 
 
 
performance of our direct sales and distribution channels;
 
 
 
development of new and enhanced products;
 
 
 
product introductions and commercializations; and
 
 
 
timing and magnitude of our expenses.
 
A negative fluctuation of our operating results could run contrary to the expectations of securities analysts or investors, which may reduce the market price of our stock and cause a loss of some or all of your investment.
 
Our creation, maintenance and expansion of direct sales and distribution operations in Europe will burden our resources and may fail to generate a substantial increase in sales.
 
We have historically relied on third-party distributors to sell our products in Europe. We recently commenced operations in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Spain to sell our products directly in each of those countries. We expect to expand our European direct sales operations in the future. Establishing, maintaining and expanding these operations will require us to:
 
 
 
substantially increase our costs of operations;
 
 
 
temporarily divert existing management resources;
 
 
 
establish an efficient and self-reliant local infrastructure;
 
 
 
attract, hire and train qualified local sales and administrative personnel;
 
 
 
comply with additional local regulatory requirements; and
 
 
 
expand our information, financial, distribution and control systems to manage expanded global operations.
 
 
Our movement into Europe will require substantial financial and management resources. The costs of this expansion are unpredictable, difficult to control and may exceed budgeted amounts. Despite our expenditures and efforts, we may not generate a substantial increase in European sales revenue, which would impair our operating results.
 
Our foreign sales revenue is subject to currency fluctuation and other risks associated with doing business outside the United States.
 
The percentage of our sales revenue originating outside the United States equaled 48% in 2001 and 53% in 2000. Of these foreign sales revenue, approximately 35% originated in Japan in 2001 and 49% in 2000. Our revenue from international sales may be adversely affected by any of the following risks:

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currency rate fluctuations;
 
 
 
reduced protection for intellectual property rights;
 
 
 
longer receivables collection periods and greater difficulty in receivables collection;
 
 
 
localizing products for foreign markets; and
 
 
 
compliance with export laws, including license requirements, trade restrictions and tariff increases.
 
As of March 31, 2002, 61% of our outstanding accounts receivable balance was from international customers. Our distributor in Japan was indebted to us for approximately $1.4 million, representing 11% of our outstanding accounts receivable balance. In addition, approximately 5% of our outstanding receivables was from a single customer in Argentina who was indebted to us for $603,000. We regularly review our receivable position in foreign countries for any indication that collection may be at risk. For example, due to current economic events in Argentina, including the decision to allow the Argentine peso to float against the U.S. dollar, we recorded an additional allowance of $102,000 on an account in Argentina during the first quarter of 2002, and we may be required to write off some or all of our Argentine receivables.
 
Our foreign distributors may be unwilling or unable to devote sufficient resources to market and sell our products, which could delay or reduce market acceptance and sales of our products outside the United States.
 
We currently depend on foreign distributors to help promote market acceptance and demand for our products in countries in which we do not have a direct sales force. For example, sales to our distributor in Japan, Olympus, represented 17% of our revenue in 2001 and 11% of our revenue in the quarter ended March 31, 2002. Foreign distributors that are in the business of distributing other medical products may not devote the resources and support required within these countries to generate awareness of our products and grow or maintain product sales. If these distributors are unwilling or unable to market and sell our products, we could experience delayed or reduced market acceptance and sales of our products outside the United States.
 
The loss of any principal member of our management team or scientific staff, on whom we rely heavily, could impair our ability to compete.
 
Our success depends heavily on our ability to retain the services of the principal members of our management team and scientific staff. Competition among medical device companies for qualified employees is intense. We may fail to retain these key employees, and we may fail to attract qualified replacements if they do leave. We do not maintain key-person insurance on any of our employees. We do not have employment agreements with any of our employees. The loss of any of our key employees could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our scientific or business objectives.
 
If we are unable to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, we may be unable to compete effectively.
 
Much of our value arises out of our proprietary technology and intellectual property for the design, manufacture and use of hand-carried ultrasound imaging devices. Our success and ability to compete effectively depend on our ability to protect our proprietary information. We rely on patent, copyright, trade secret and trademark laws to protect our proprietary technology and limit the ability of others to compete with us using the same or similar technology.
 
We currently hold five patents relating to the weight of digital beamformers, beamforming capabilities, digital conversion circuitry, transceiver circuitry and circuit integration. Additionally, we have a license from our former parent, ATL, to use certain ATL technology and ATL technological developments in our hand-carried products. This license is exclusive through April 5, 2003, and nonexclusive after that date. We also enter into confidentiality or license agreements with our employees, consultants and corporate partners, and generally control access to, and the distribution of, our product designs, documentation and other proprietary information, as well as the designs, documentation and other information that we license from others.
 
Our efforts afford only limited protection and may not adequately protect our rights to the extent necessary to sustain any competitive advantage we may have. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, we may experience:
 
 
 
unauthorized use of our technology by competitors;
 
 
 
independent development of the same or similar technology by a competitor, coupled with a lack of enforceable patents on our part;
 
 
 
failure of our pending patent applications to result in issued patents;

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successful interference actions to our patents or successful oppositions to our patents and patent applications;
 
 
 
unauthorized disclosure or use of our proprietary information by former employees or affiliates; and
 
 
 
failure by our commercial partners to comply with their obligations to share technology or use our technology in a limited manner.
 
Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property will be difficult and may be cost-prohibitive. We may fail to prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. If we cannot prevent other companies from using our proprietary technology or if our patents are found invalid or otherwise unenforceable, we may be unable to compete effectively against other manufacturers of ultrasound devices, which could decrease our market share.
 
If we are involved in intellectual property claims and litigation, the proceedings may divert our resources and subject us to significant liability for damages, substantial litigation expense and the loss of our proprietary rights.
 
In order to protect or enforce our patent rights, we may initiate patent litigation. In addition, others may initiate patent litigation against us. We may become subject to interference proceedings conducted in patent and trademark offices to determine the priority of inventions. There are numerous issued and pending patents in the medical device field. The validity and breadth of medical technology patents may involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles may remain unresolved. In addition, because patent applications can take many years to result in issued patents and are maintained in confidence by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office while pending, there may be currently pending applications of which we are unaware, which may later result in issued patents that our products may infringe. There could also be existing patents of which we are not aware that one or more of our products may infringe. Litigation may be necessary to:
 
 
 
assert or defend against claims of infringement;
 
 
 
enforce our issued and licensed patents;
 
 
 
protect our trade secrets or know-how; or
 
 
 
determine the enforceability, scope and validity of the proprietary rights of others.
 
We may become involved in the defense and prosecution, if necessary, of intellectual property suits, patent interferences, opposition proceedings and other administrative proceedings. For example, on July 24, 2001, Neutrino Development Corporation filed a complaint against us, which alleged that our sale and manufacture of our hand-carried ultrasound devices infringed upon a patent held by Neutrino. We responded to the claim, asserting alternative defenses of noninfringement and patent invalidity. In addition, we filed a counterclaim seeking a declaratory judgment of noninfringement and invalidity regarding Neutrino’s patent. We also defeated Neutrino’s request for a preliminary injunction preventing us from manufacturing and selling our products for the duration of the litigation. On February 20, 2002, in what is known as a “Markman” hearing, the parties presented their arguments regarding the proper construction of Neutrino’s patent claims. The court has not yet ruled on the issues presented in that hearing, and may issue a ruling at any time. Although we continue to vigorously defend ourselves against this claim, this litigation may result in an adverse judgment against us. Sales of the allegedly infringing products represented virtually all of our revenue for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 and the years ended December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999. Through March 31, 2002, we had incurred approximately $900,000 in defense of this claim, and we expect to incur additional substantial litigation expenses until the claim is resolved.
 
Our involvement in intellectual property claims and litigation could:
 
 
 
divert existing management, scientific and financial resources;
 
 
 
subject us to significant liabilities;
 
 
 
allow our competitors to market competitive products without obtaining a license from us;
 
 
 
cause product shipment delays and lost sales;
 
 
 
require us to enter into royalty or licensing agreements, which may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all; or
 
 
 
force us to discontinue selling or modify our products, or to develop new products.

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The termination or other loss of our license to use certain ATL technology would significantly impair our ability to manufacture, market and sell our products.
 
We license certain technology from ATL that is incorporated into our single technology platform, and we use this ATL technology in all of our hand-carried ultrasound imaging devices. Virtually all of our revenue is attributable to products incorporating this ATL technology.
 
ATL may terminate our license in the event of an uncured material default by us in our obligations under the license agreement. Although many key aspects of our technology platform—including the high level of miniaturization that allows us to manufacture high performance, hand-carried, all-digital ultrasound imaging devices—are independently owned by us under the terms of our spin-off from ATL, the termination or other loss of our license to use ATL technology would significantly impair our ability to manufacture, market and sell our products. If this happens, we may be unable to generate sufficient revenue to maintain our business.
 
If healthcare reimbursement practices or reform restricts coverage available to our customers for the use of our products, we may experience limited market acceptance of our products.
 
Market acceptance of our products depends in part on the extent to which our customers will receive reimbursement for the use of our products from governmental authorities, private health insurers and other third-party payors. Our customers currently receive reimbursement for ultrasound procedures performed using our products consistent with reimbursement criteria applicable to ultrasound procedures generally. The continuing efforts of governmental authorities, private health insurers and other third-party payors to contain or reduce the costs of healthcare through various means may, however, limit market acceptance of our products. Increasing efforts by governmental and third-party payors, such as Medicare, private insurance plans and managed care organizations, to contain or reduce healthcare costs may affect our ability to market our current products, commercialize our potential products and become profitable. Reimbursement coverage, to the extent available, may not be adequate to enable us to achieve market acceptance of our products. In addition, we believe that third-party payors will attempt to reduce healthcare costs by limiting both coverage and level of reimbursement for new products cleared by the FDA or comparable foreign agencies. Our products enable new kinds of medical procedures involving novel ultrasound applications for which there is no reimbursement history. The efforts of government and third-party payors to contain or reduce the cost of healthcare could restrict physicians’ and other healthcare providers’ willingness to select our products and implement new ultrasound procedures, which could delay or reduce market acceptance of our products.
 
Additionally, there has been and will continue to be a number of federal and state proposals to implement government controls on pricing. The existence and adoption of these proposals could affect our ability to successfully market our current products and commercialize new products.
 
Compliance with governmental regulation of our business could be costly and time-consuming, and could prevent us from introducing new products in a timely manner.
 
Our products, our manufacturing activities and the manufacturing activities of our third-party medical device manufacturers are subject to extensive regulation by a number of governmental agencies, including the FDA and comparable international agencies. Our third-party manufacturers and we are or will be required to:
 
 
 
obtain prior clearance or approval from these agencies before we can market and sell our products;
 
 
 
undergo rigorous inspections by domestic and international agencies; and
 
 
 
satisfy content requirements for all of our sales and promotional materials.
 
Compliance with the regulations of these agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, may require us to incur substantial costs and may delay or prevent the introduction of new or improved products. We may be subject to fines, sanctions, including the temporary or permanent suspension of operations, product field actions, criminal prosecution and marketing restrictions, if we fail to comply with the laws and regulations pertaining to our business. Our third-party medical device manufacturers may also be subject to the same sanctions and, as a result, may fail to supply us with components required to manufacture our products.
 
Product liability and other claims and product field actions could increase our costs, delay or reduce our sales and damage our reputation, which could significantly impair our financial condition.
 
Our business exposes us to the risk of product liability, malpractice or warranty claims inherent in the sale and support of medical device products, including those based on claims that the use or failure of one of our products resulted in a misdiagnosis or harm to a patient. Such claims may damage our reputation by raising questions about our products’ safety and

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efficacy, and could interfere with our efforts to market our products. Although to date we have not been involved in any medical malpractice or product liability litigation, we may incur significant liability if such litigation were to occur. We may also face adverse publicity resulting from product field actions or regulatory proceedings brought against us. Although we currently maintain liability insurance in amounts we believe are commercially reasonable, any product liability we incur may exceed our insurance coverage. Liability insurance is expensive and may cease to be available on acceptable terms, if at all. A product liability or other claim or product field action not covered by our insurance or exceeding our coverage could significantly impair our financial condition. In addition, a product field action or a liability claim against us could significantly harm our reputation and make it more difficult to obtain the funding and commercial relationships necessary to maintain our business.
 
If our stock price continues to be volatile, your shares may decline in value.
 
The market price for our common stock, as well as for securities of emerging growth companies generally, has been volatile in the past and is likely to continue to be volatile. You may be unable to resell your shares at or above the price you paid due to a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
 
 
 
the difference between quarterly operating results and those expected by investors or securities analysts;
 
 
 
changes in earnings estimates by analysts;
 
 
 
the loss of significant orders;
 
 
 
announcements of technological innovations or new products by our competitors;
 
 
 
changes in the structure of healthcare financing and payment systems;
 
 
 
general conditions in the medical industry or global economy;
 
 
 
a lack of liquidity in the market for our stock; and
 
 
 
significant sales of our common stock by one or more of our shareholders.
 
Our future capital-raising activities could involve the issuance of equity securities, which would dilute your investment and could result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
 
To meet our long-term funding requirements, we may sell securities in the public or private equity markets if and when conditions are favorable, even if we do not have an immediate need for additional capital at that time. Furthermore, we may enter into financing transactions at prices that represent a substantial discount to market price. Raising funds through the issuance of equity securities will dilute the ownership of our existing shareholders. A negative reaction by investors and securities analysts to any sale of our equity securities could result in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
 
If we incur tax liability in connection with our spin-off from ATL, we would be required to pay a potentially significant expense, which would diminish our financial resources.
 
Our spin-off was treated by ATL as a tax-free spin-off under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. If ATL were to recognize taxable gain from the spin-off, the Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, could impose that liability on any member of the ATL consolidated group as constituted prior to the spin-off, including us. Generally, the IRS may assert that our spin-off from ATL is a taxable transaction until the expiration of the statute of limitations applicable to ATL with respect to the spin-off transaction. The expiration of the statute of limitations with respect to the spin-off transaction depends upon the actions and tax filings of ATL and the special rules applicable to spin-offs in general, which special rules could result in the extension of the general statute of limitations for an indefinite period of time. In the event of a tax liability, ATL has agreed to cover 85% of any such liability, unless the tax is imposed due to our actions solely or by ATL solely, in which case, we have agreed with ATL that the party who is solely at fault shall bear all of the tax liability. We are unaware of any actions that would result in a tax liability to us under the indemnity agreement regarding the spin-off transaction. We are aware that ATL was acquired in a transaction subsequent to the spin-off transaction, which could potentially result in the spin-off being treated as a taxable transaction, but which resulting tax liability in our view would be the sole responsibility of ATL pursuant to our agreement with ATL. ATL may refuse, however, to indemnify us for a tax liability arising out of the spin-off transaction or may argue that it did not cause the tax liability to be imposed. In such event, we may incur a significant expense for all or a portion of the taxes related to the spin-off.

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If our expenses exceed our revenue and we fail to obtain timely additional financing, we could experience delays or reductions in our product development and sales efforts, which would impair our operating results.
 
To date, our revenue has been insufficient to cover the expenses of our operations. Our future revenue may continue to be insufficient to support the expenses of our operations and the expansion of our business. We may therefore need additional equity or debt capital to finance our operations as we develop our products and expand our sales. To date, our capital requirements have been met primarily by the sale of equity, sales revenue and contributions by ATL in connection with our spin-off. Specifically, in August 2001, we raised net proceeds of $23.1 million through the sale of 1,666,667 shares of our common stock, in November 1999, we raised net proceeds of $29.3 million through the sale of 1,250,000 shares of our common stock and in April 1999, we raised net proceeds of $35.4 million through the sale of 2,990,000 shares of our common stock. In connection with the spin-off, we received $30 million in contributed capital from ATL. ATL has no further obligations to provide us with funding, and we do not expect any future funding from this source. Therefore, if we require additional financing, we would need to explore other sources of financing, including public equity or debt offerings, private placements of equity or debt and collaborative or other arrangements with corporate partners. Financing may be unavailable when needed or may be unavailable on acceptable terms. If we fail to obtain financing, we may be required to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all of our research and development and sales and marketing efforts, and our business could fail.
 
The concentrated ownership of our common stock could delay or prevent a change of control, which could cause a decline in the market price of our common stock.
 
As of December 31, 2001, our executive officers, directors and affiliated entities together beneficially owned approximately 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Four other shareholders owned in the aggregate approximately 42% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Among these shareholders, the State of Wisconsin Investment Board, or SWIB, owned approximately 17.2% of the outstanding shares of our common stock and WM Advisors owned approximately 11.6%. As a result, these shareholders or any other concentrated owner may be able to exert significant influence over all matters requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, matters relating to the attraction and retention of employees, and approval of significant corporate transactions that could include certain matters relating to future financing arrangements and unsolicited tender offers. This concentration of ownership may delay, deter or prevent a third party from acquiring control over us at a premium over the then-current market price of our common stock, which could result in a decline in our stock price.
 
Our restated articles of incorporation, our bylaws, Washington law and some of our agreements contain provisions that could discourage a takeover and prevent shareholders from receiving a premium for their shares.
 
There are provisions in our restated articles of incorporation, our bylaws and Washington law that make it more difficult for a third party to obtain control of us, even if doing so would be beneficial to our shareholders.
 
Additionally, our acquisition may be made more difficult or expensive by the following:
 
 
 
change of control provisions in our license agreement with ATL, which require us to pay ATL:
 
 
 
$150 million if, prior to April 6, 2003, any single person or entity obtains, directly or indirectly, voting control of a majority of our common stock or the power to elect our entire board of directors; or
 
 
 
$75 million if, at any time between April 6, 2003 and April 6, 2006, any single person or entity engaged in the medical diagnostic imaging business, other than through the sale or manufacture of our products, obtains, directly or indirectly, voting control of a majority of our common stock or the power to elect our entire board of directors;
 
 
 
acceleration provisions in benefit plans and change-in-control agreements with our employees; and

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our shareholder rights plan, which is designed to dilute a hostile acquiror’s interest so that the acquisition becomes prohibitively expensive. Under our rights plan, each of our shareholders has one share purchase right for each share of common stock held, with each right having an exercise price approximating our board of directors’ estimate of the long-term value of one share of our common stock. The rights are triggered if an acquiror acquires, or successfully makes a tender offer for, 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. In such event, each shareholder other than the acquiror would have the right to purchase, at the exercise price, a number of newly issued shares of our capital stock at a 50% discount. If the acquiror were to acquire 50% or more of our assets or earning power, each shareholder would have the right to purchase, at the exercise price, a number of shares of acquiror’s stock at a 50% discount. Our board of directors may redeem the rights at a nominal cost at any time before a person acquires 15% or more of our outstanding common stock, which allows board-approved transactions to proceed. In addition, our board of directors may exchange all or part of the rights (other than rights held by the acquiror) for such number of shares of our common stock equal in value to the exercise price. Such an exchange produces the desired dilution without actually requiring our shareholders to purchase shares. Our rights plan excludes SWIB’s ownership of our common stock so long as such ownership does not reach 20% of our outstanding common stock.
 
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
 
Interest rate risk
 
Our exposure to market risk, as it relates to changes in interest rates, is not considered to be significant due to the short-term nature of our investments currently. Nearly all funds are held in money market accounts. If we were to invest these funds, our investment policy requires us to invest in high quality, short-term instruments with companies rated A or better by Moody’s or Standard and Poor’s or commercial paper rated A-1 or P-1 or better.
 
As of March 31, 2002, we held $33.7 million in cash and cash equivalents and had no investments in debt securities. As of December 31, 2001, we held $33.1 million in cash and cash equivalents and had no investments in debt securities.
 
Foreign currency risk
 
Except for sales transacted by our joint venture in China and by our wholly owned subsidiaries, we transact all our sales in U.S. dollars, or USDs; therefore, the obligations of our international customers are in USDs. Our exposure to risk from fluctuations in foreign currencies relates primarily to the strengthening of the USD against the local currency of our international customers, which may impact our ability to collect amounts owed by our international customers.
 
As of March 31, 2002, 61% of our outstanding accounts receivable balance was from international customers, of which 14%, or approximately $1.8 million, was denominated in a currency other than USDs. Total sales for the quarter ended March 31, 2002 denominated in a currency other than USDs were approximately $2.0 million. The British pound represented the majority of financial transactions executed in a currency not denominated in USDs. A change in exchange rates compared to the USD of 10% would not have a significant impact on our statement of financial position or results of operations. Historically, the impact on us of changes in the exchange rates compared to the USD has been insignificant. We regularly review our receivable position in foreign countries for any indication that collection may be at risk. A single customer in Argentina was indebted to us for $603,000 at March 31, 2002, for which an additional allowance of $102,000 was recorded in the first quarter of 2002 as a result of economic conditions in Argentina. In addition, we utilize letters of credit where they are warranted in order to mitigate our collection risk.

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PART II:  OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings
 
On July 24, 2001, Neutrino Development Corporation filed a complaint against us in U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Houston Division, alleging infringement of U.S. Patent 6,221,021 by SonoSite as a result of our use, sale and manufacture of the SonoSite 180, SonoSite 180 PLUS, SonoHeart and SonoHeart PLUS devices. The complaint asserts claims for preliminary and permanent injunctive relief enjoining all alleged acts of infringement, compensatory and enhanced damages, attorney’s fees and costs, and pre- and post-judgment interest. On August 14, 2001, we filed an answer asserting alternative defenses of non-infringement and patent invalidity, and including a counterclaim seeking a declaratory judgment of non-infringement and invalidity regarding Neutrino’s patent. On October 4, 2001, the court denied a request by Neutrino for preliminary injunctive relief to prevent us from manufacturing and selling our products pending the ultimate disposition of the litigation. On February 20, 2002, in what is known as a “Markman” hearing, the parties presented their arguments regarding the proper construction of Neutrino’s patent claims. The court has not yet ruled on the issues presented in that hearing. We believe we have good and sufficient defenses to the claims of patent infringement asserted against us by Neutrino and we are vigorously defending ourselves in this matter.
 
Item 6.    Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K
 
(a)  Exhibits
 
Exhibit No.

  
Description

10.1
  
SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated on February 13, 2002 (previously known as the SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Stock Grant and Performance Unit Plan)
10.2
  
SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Nonofficer Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated on February 13, 2002
 
(b)  Reports on Form 8-K
 
No reports were filed on Form 8-K during the quarter ended March 31, 2002.

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SIGNATURE
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
       
SONOSITE, INC.
(Registrant)
Dated:
 
May 13, 2002
     
By:
 
/s/    MICHAEL J. SCHUH        

               
Michael J. Schuh
Vice President-Finance, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary (Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
Exhibit No.

  
Description

10.1
  
SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated on February 13, 2002 (previously known as the SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Option, Stock Appreciation Right, Restricted Stock, Stock Grant and Performance Unit Plan)
10.2
  
SonoSite, Inc. 1998 Nonofficer Employee Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated on February 13, 2002