SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-13585
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Incorporated in California | 95-1068610 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
1 First American Way, Santa Ana, California 92707-5913
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(714) 250-3000
Registrants telephone number, including area code
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common | New York Stock Exchange | |
Rights to Purchase Series A Junior Participating Preferred |
New York Stock Exchange | |
(Title of each class) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. § 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant as of June 30, 2006 was $3,933,686,695.
On February 22, 2007, there were 96,876,600 shares of Common stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the registrants definitive proxy statement with respect to the 2007 annual meeting of the shareholders are incorporated by reference in Part III of this report. The definitive proxy statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of registrants fiscal year.
CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K, INCLUDING THOSE RELATING TO THE COMPANYS FOCUS ON HIGHER MARGIN TITLE INSURANCE BUSINESS; THE COMPANYS PLANS REGARDING COST CONTROL, IMPROVING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, PRODUCT INNOVATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES IN ITS TITLE INSURANCE BUSINESS; EMPHASIS ON THE COMPANYS COMMERCIAL TITLE INSURANCE SALES PROGRAM; THE COMPANYS PLANS TO CONTINUE INTERNATIONAL SALES EFFORTS IN ITS TITLE INSURANCE BUSINESS; THE ADEQUACY OF THE THRIFT COMPANYS ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES; THE RECURRENCE OF TRENDS WHICH MAY AFFECT THE DEMAND FOR THE COMPANYS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES; THE LIKELIHOOD OF A 50 BASIS POINT CHANGE TO THE COMPANYS TITLE INSURANCE LOSS RATES; THE EFFECT OF CLASS ACTION LAWSUITS, REGULATORY AUDITS AND INVESTIGATIONS AND OTHER LEGAL PROCEEDINGS ON THE COMPANYS FINANCIAL CONDITION, RESULTS OF OPERATIONS OR CASH FLOWS; THE TIMING OF CLAIM PAYMENTS; THE IMPACT OF DIVIDEND, LOAN AND ADVANCE RESTRICTIONS ON THE COMPANYS ABILITY TO MEET ITS CASH OBLIGATIONS; AND THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE COMPANYS RESOURCES TO SATISFY OPERATIONAL CASH REQUIREMENTS ARE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS BELIEVE, ANTICIPATE, EXPECT, PREDICT, ESTIMATE, PROJECT, WILL BE, WILL CONTINUE, WILL LIKELY RESULT, OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES. RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE: INTEREST RATE FLUCTUATIONS; CHANGES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKETS; LIMITATIONS ON ACCESS TO PUBLIC RECORDS AND OTHER DATA; GENERAL VOLATILITY IN THE CAPITAL MARKETS; CHANGES IN APPLICABLE GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS; HEIGHTENED SCRUTINY BY LEGISLATORS AND REGULATORS OF THE COMPANYS TITLE INSURANCE AND SERVICES SEGMENT AND CERTAIN OTHER OF THE COMPANYS BUSINESSES; CONSOLIDATION AMONG THE COMPANYS SIGNIFICANT CUSTOMERS AND COMPETITORS; CHANGES IN THE COMPANYS ABILITY TO INTEGRATE BUSINESSES WHICH IT ACQUIRES; AND OTHER FACTORS DESCRIBED IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K. THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.
Explanatory Note
On January 4, 2007, the Company announced that the special subcommittee of its Audit Committee completed its review of the Companys historical stock option granting practices and related tax and accounting matters. In the course of its four month review, the special subcommittee conducted an extensive investigation and evaluated all option grants made under the Companys 1996 Stock Option Plan, 1997 Directors Stock Plan and 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan. The special subcommittee determined that the Company used incorrect measurement dates for financial reporting purposes with respect to a number of stock option grants made between 1996 and 2006 and improperly accounted for the mispriced options under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised), Share-Based Payment. As a result, the cumulative impact to the Companys financial results over this period totaled approximately $35.7 million, the majority of which is non-cash in nature. The special subcommittee determined that these errors were the result of date selection methods, internal control deficiencies and the misapplication of technical accounting provisions. The special subcommittee did not find that these errors were the result of fraud, self-interest on the part of management or members of the Board of Directors or intent to misstate the Companys financial statements.
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The Company believes that the impact of the above referenced error is immaterial to all prior periods and that its financial statements for prior periods continue to be reliable. However, the cumulative amount would be material to 2006 if corrected in the current year and, therefore, the Company has restated its financial statements in Item 8 for the years 2004 and 2005 and the selected financial data included in Item 6 for the years 2002 and 2003. The effect of this restatement on the years 2002 through 2005 is a reduction in net income of approximately $4.5 million, $4.1 million, $3.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, representing an estimated percentage to net income previously reported of 1.9%, 0.9%, 0.9% and 1.0%, respectively. The effect of this restatement on the first, second, third and fourth quarters of 2005 and the first quarter of 2006 is a reduction in net income of approximately $1.7 million, $1.3 million, $1.1 million, $0.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, resulting in a change to net income previously reported of approximately 2.1%, 0.9%, 0.7%, 0.8% and 2.7%, respectively. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. The Company has also restated the related quarterly financial statements for 2006 (first quarter only), 2005 and 2004, as reflected in the unaudited quarterly financial data included on page 82 of this filing.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
The Company
The Company was founded in 1894 as Orange County Title Company, succeeding to the business of two title abstract companies founded in 1889 and operating in Orange County, California. In 1924, the Company began issuing title insurance policies. In 1986, the Company began a diversification program which involved the acquisition and development of business information companies closely related to the real estate transfer and closing process. Twelve years later, the Company expanded its diversification program to include business information products and services outside of the real estate transfer and closing process. The Company is a California corporation and has its executive offices at 1 First American Way, Santa Ana, California 92707-5913. The Companys telephone number is (714) 250-3000.
General
The First American Corporation, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of providing business information and related products and services. The Company has five reporting segments that fall within two primary business groups, financial services and information technology. The financial services group includes the Companys title insurance and services segment and its specialty insurance segment. The title insurance and services segment issues residential and commercial title insurance policies, accommodates tax-deferred exchanges and provides escrow services, investment advisory services, trust services, lending and deposit products and other related products and services. The specialty insurance segment issues property and casualty insurance policies and sells home warranty products. The Companys mortgage information, property information and First Advantage segments comprise its information technology group. The mortgage information segment offers real estate tax reporting and outsourcing, flood zone certification and monitoring, default management services, document preparation and other real estate related services. The property information segment licenses and analyzes data relating to real property, offers risk management and collateral assessment analytics and provides database management and appraisal services. The First Advantage segment, which is comprised entirely of the Companys publicly traded First Advantage Corporation subsidiary, provides specialty credit reports to the mortgage lending and automotive lending industries, maintains a credit reporting agency which offers credit reports on sub-prime borrowers, and provides employment background screening, drug-free workplace programs and other occupational health services, employee assistance programs, hiring management solutions, payroll and human resource management, corporate tax and incentive services, resident screening, motor vehicle records, transportation business credit services, automotive lead generation services, investigative services, computer forensics and electronic discovery services, supply chain security and consumer location services. Financial information regarding each of the Companys business segments is included in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Part II of this report.
The Company believes that it holds the number one market share position for many of its products and services, including title insurance, based on premiums written; flood zone determinations, based on the number of flood zone certification reports issued; tax monitoring services, based on the number of loans under service; credit reporting services to the mortgage industry, based on the number of credit reports issued; credit reports specializing in subprime borrowers, based on the number of credit reports issued; property data services, based on the number of inquiries; automated appraisals, based on the number of reports sold; and MLS services, based on the number of active desktops. The Company also believes that it holds the number two market share position for home warranty services, based on an extrapolation of market share statistics provided by regulators in Texas and California; and drug testing administration, based on the number of reports issued.
In 2006, 2005 and 2004 the Company derived 73%, 74% and 73% of its consolidated revenues, respectively, from title insurance products. A substantial portion of the revenues for the Companys title
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insurance and services and mortgage information segments result from resales and refinancings of residential real estate and, to a lesser extent, from commercial transactions and new home transactions. Over one-half of the revenues in the Companys property information segment and in excess of 20% of the revenues from the Companys First Advantage segment also depend on real estate activity. The remaining portion of the property information and First Advantage segments revenues, as well as the revenues of the Companys specialty insurance segment, are isolated from the volatility of real estate transactions. Traditionally, the greatest volume of real estate activity, particularly residential resale, has occurred in the spring and summer months. However, changes in interest rates, as well as other economic factors, can cause fluctuations in the traditional pattern of real estate activity.
The Financial Services Group
Title Insurance and Services Segment
The title insurance and services segments principal product is policies of title insurance on residential and commercial property. This segment also accommodates tax-deferred exchanges, and provides escrow services, investment advisory services, trust services, lending and deposit products and other related products and services.
Overview of Title Insurance Industry
Title to, and the priority of interests in, real estate are determined in accordance with applicable laws. In most real estate transactions, mortgage lenders and purchasers of real estate desire to be protected from loss or damage in the event that title is not as represented. In most parts of the United States, title insurance has become accepted as the most efficient means of providing such protection.
Title Policies. Title insurance policies insure the interests of owners and lenders against defects in the title to real property. These defects include adverse ownership claims, liens, encumbrances or other matters affecting such title which existed at the time a title insurance policy was issued and which were not excluded from coverage. Title insurance policies are issued on the basis of a title report, which is prepared after a search of the public records, maps, documents and prior title policies to ascertain the existence of easements, restrictions, rights of way, conditions, encumbrances or other matters affecting the title to, or use of, real property. In certain instances, a visual inspection of the property is also made. To facilitate the preparation of title reports, copies of public records, maps, documents and prior title policies may be compiled and indexed to specific properties in an area. This compilation is known as a title plant.
The beneficiaries of title insurance policies are generally real estate buyers and mortgage lenders. A title insurance policy indemnifies the named insured and certain successors in interest against title defects, liens and encumbrances existing as of the date of the policy and not specifically excepted from its provisions. The policy typically provides coverage for the real property mortgage lender in the amount of its outstanding mortgage loan balance and for the buyer in the amount of the purchase price of the property. In some cases the policy might provide insurance in a greater amount where the buyer anticipates constructing improvements on the property. Coverage under a title insurance policy issued to a mortgage lender generally terminates upon repayment of the mortgage loan. Coverage under a title insurance policy issued to a buyer generally terminates upon the sale of the insured property unless the owner carries back a mortgage or makes certain warranties as to the title.
Before issuing title policies, title insurers seek to limit their risk of loss by accurately performing title searches and examinations. The major expenses of a title company relate to such searches and examinations, the preparation of preliminary reports or commitments and the maintenance of title plants, and not from claim losses as in the case of property and casualty insurers.
The Closing Process. Title insurance is essential to the real estate closing process in most transactions involving real property mortgage lenders. In a typical residential real estate sale transaction, a real estate broker, lawyer, developer, lender or closer involved in the transaction orders title insurance on behalf of an insured. Once
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the order has been placed, a title insurance company or an agent conducts a title search to determine the current status of the title to the property. When the search is complete, the title company or agent prepares, issues and circulates a commitment or preliminary title report to the parties to the transaction. The commitment summarizes the current status of the title to the property, identifies the conditions, exceptions and/or limitations that the title insurer intends to attach to the policy and identifies items appearing on the title that must be eliminated prior to closing.
The closing function, sometimes called an escrow in western states, is often performed by a lawyer, an escrow company or a title insurance company or agent, generally referred to as a closer. Once documentation has been prepared and signed, and mortgage lender payoff demands are in hand, the transaction is closed. The closer records the appropriate title documents and arranges the transfer of funds to pay off prior loans and extinguish the liens securing such loans. Title policies are then issued insuring the priority of the mortgage of the real property mortgage lender in the amount of its mortgage loan and the buyer in the amount of the purchase price. The time lag between the opening of the title order and the issuance of the title policy is usually between 30 and 90 days. The seller and the buyer bear the risk of loss related to title during this time lag. Any matter affecting title which is discovered during this period would have to be dealt with to the title insurers satisfaction or the insurer would exclude the matter from the coverage afforded by the title policy. Before a closing takes place, however, the closer would request that the title insurer provide an update to the commitment to discover any adverse matters affecting title and, if any are found, would work with the seller to eliminate them so that the title insurer would issue the title policy subject only to those exceptions to coverage which are acceptable to the buyer and the buyers lender.
Issuing the Policy: Direct vs. Agency. A title policy can be issued directly by a title insurer or indirectly on behalf of a title insurer through agents, which are not themselves licensed as insurers. Where the policy is issued by a title insurer, the search is performed by or at the direction of the title insurer, and the premium is collected and retained by the title insurer. Where the policy is issued by an agent, the agent performs the search, examines the title, collects the premium and retains a portion of the premium. The agent remits the remainder of the premium to the title insurer as compensation for the insurer bearing the risk of loss in the event a claim is made under the policy. The percentage of the premium retained by an agent varies from region to region. A title insurer is obligated to pay title claims in accordance with the terms of its policies, regardless of whether it issues its policy directly or indirectly through an agent.
Premiums. The premium for title insurance is due and earned in full when the real estate transaction is closed. Premiums are generally calculated with reference to the policy amount. The premium charged by a title insurer or an agent is subject to regulation in most areas. Such regulations vary from state to state.
The Companys Title Insurance Operations
Overview. The Company, through First American Title Insurance Company and its affiliates, transacts the business of title insurance through a network of direct operations and agents. Through this network, the Company issues policies in all states (except Iowa) and the District of Columbia. In Iowa, the Company provides abstracts of title only, because title insurance is not permitted by law. The Company also offers title services, either directly or through joint ventures, in Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Bahamas, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Latin America, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, Spain and other territories and countries.
With respect to its title insurance operations, the Company plans to focus on higher margin business in residential, homebuilder and commercial transactions. The Company also plans to control costs, improve customer satisfaction and grow revenue by emphasizing process and product innovation and the professional development and training of its employees.
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Sales and Marketing. The Company markets its title insurance services to a broad range of customers. The Company believes that its primary source of business is referrals from persons in the real estate community, such as independent escrow companies, real estate agents and brokers, developers, mortgage brokers, mortgage bankers, financial institutions and attorneys. In addition to the referral market, the Company markets its title insurance services directly to large corporate customers and mortgage lenders. As title agents contribute a large portion of the Companys revenues, the Company also markets its title insurance services to independent agents. The Companys marketing efforts emphasize the combination of its products, the quality and timeliness of its services, process innovation and its national presence.
The Company maintains a substantial sales force which not only markets the Companys title insurance services, but also certain of the Companys other products. The Company provides its sales personnel with training in selling techniques, and each branch manager is responsible for hiring the sales staff and ensuring that sales personnel under his or her supervision are properly trained. In addition to this sales force, the Companys national commercial services division has a dedicated sales force. One of the responsibilities of the sales personnel of this division is the coordination of marketing efforts directed at large real estate lenders and companies developing, selling, buying or brokering properties on a multi-state basis. The Company also maintains a client relations group to coordinate sales to lender customers. The Company supplements the efforts of its sales force through general advertising in various trade and professional journals.
The Company has expanded its commercial business base primarily through increased commercial sales efforts. Because commercial transactions involve higher coverage amounts and yield higher premiums, commercial title insurance business generates greater profit margins than does residential title insurance business. Accordingly, the Company plans to continue to emphasize its commercial sales program.
Although sales outside of the United States account for a small percentage of the Companys revenues, the Company believes that the acceptance of title insurance in foreign markets has increased in recent years. Accordingly, the Company plans to continue its international sales efforts, particularly in Canada, the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe, Australia, South Korea and Hong Kong.
Underwriting. Before a title insurance policy is issued, a number of underwriting decisions are made. For example, matters of record revealed during the title search may require a determination as to whether an exception should be taken in the policy. The Company believes that it is important for the underwriting function to operate efficiently and effectively at all decision making levels so that transactions may proceed in a timely manner. To perform this function, the Company has underwriters at the branch level, the regional level and the national level.
Agency Operations. The relationship between the Company and each agent is governed by an agency agreement which states the conditions under which the agent is authorized to issue title insurance policies on behalf of the Company. The agency agreement also prescribes the circumstances under which the agent may be liable to the Company if a policy loss is attributable to error of the agent. Such agency agreements typically have a term of one to five years and are terminable immediately for cause.
The Company has an agent selection process and audit review program. In determining whether to engage an independent agent, the Company obtains information regarding the agents experience, background, financial condition and past performance. The Company maintains loss experience records for each agent and conducts periodic audits of its agents. The Company also maintains agent representatives and agent auditors. Agent representatives periodically visit agents and examine their books and records. In addition to periodic audit reviews, an expanded agent audit review will be triggered if certain warning signs are evident. Warning signs that can trigger an audit review include the failure to implement Company-required accounting controls, shortages of escrow funds and failure to remit underwriting fees on a timely basis.
Title Plants. The Companys network of title plants constitutes one of its principal assets. A title search is conducted by searching the public records or utilizing a title plant. While public title records generally are
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indexed by reference to the names of the parties to a given recorded document, most title plants arrange their records on a geographic basis. Because of this difference title plant records generally are easier to search. Most title plants also index prior policies, adding to searching efficiency. Many title plants are electronic. Certain offices of the Company utilize jointly owned plants or utilize a plant under a joint user agreement with other title companies. The Company believes its title plants, whether wholly or partially owned or utilized under a joint user agreement, are among the best in the industry.
The Company has significantly enhanced its investment in title plants through three business combinations. The first was the formation of First American Real Estate Solutions LLC (FARES), a joint venture with Experian Group Limited, on January 1, 1998. Experian contributed to the joint venture its real estate information division. In June 1998, FARES acquired Data Tree Corporation, which owns the largest database of real estate document images. In July 2000 the Company and LandAmerica Financial Group formed DataTrace Information Services LLC. This business, which is 80% owned by FARES and 20% owned by LandAmerica, is a provider of comprehensive title information delivery systems.
The Companys title plants are carried on its balance sheet at original cost, which includes the cost of producing or acquiring interests in title plants or the appraised value of subsidiaries title plants at dates of acquisition for companies accounted for as purchases. Thereafter, the cost of daily maintenance of these plants is charged to expense as incurred. A properly maintained title plant has an indefinite life and does not diminish in value with the passage of time. Therefore, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, no provision is made for depreciation of these plants. Since each document must be reviewed and indexed into the title plant, such maintenance activities constitute a significant item of expense. The Company is able to offset a portion of title plant maintenance costs through joint ownership and access agreements with other title insurers and title agents.
Reserves for Claims and Losses. The Company provides for title insurance losses based upon its historical experience and other factors by a charge to expense when the related premium revenue is recognized. The resulting reserve for known claims and incurred but not reported claims reflects managements best estimate of the total costs required to settle all claims reported to the Company and claims incurred but not reported, and is considered by the Company to be adequate for such purpose.
In settling claims, the Company occasionally purchases and ultimately sells the interest of the insured in the real property or the interest of the claimant adverse to the insured. These assets, which totaled $40.4 million at December 31, 2006, are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less costs to sell, and are included in Other assets in the Companys consolidated balance sheets.
Reinsurance and Coinsurance. The Company assumes and distributes large title insurance risks through mechanisms of reinsurance and coinsurance. In reinsurance agreements, in exchange for a portion of the premium, the reinsurer accepts that part of the risk which the primary insurer cedes to the reinsurer over and above the portion retained by the primary insurer. The primary insurer, however, remains liable for the total risk in the event that the reinsurer does not meet its obligation. As a general rule, the Company does not retain more than $40.0 million of primary risk on any single policy, though the Company may retain primary risk above $40.0 million on a case-by-case basis. In recent years, as the Companys commercial business has grown the number of instances in which the Company has retained risk above this threshold has increased. Under coinsurance agreements, each coinsurer is jointly and severally liable for the risk insured, or for so much thereof as is agreed to by the parties. The Companys reinsurance activities account for less than 1.0% of its total title insurance operating revenues.
Competition. The title insurance business is highly competitive. The number of competing companies and the size of such companies vary in the different areas in which the Company conducts business. Generally, in areas of major real estate activity, such as metropolitan and suburban localities, the Company competes with many other title insurers. Over thirty title insurance underwriters, for example, are members of the American
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Land Title Association, the title insurance industrys national trade association. The Companys major nationwide competitors in its principal markets include Fidelity National Title Group, Inc., LandAmerica and Stewart Title Guaranty Company. In addition to these competitors, small nationwide, regional and local competitors as well as numerous agency operations throughout the country provide aggressive competition on the local level.
The Company believes that competition for title insurance business is based primarily on the quality and timeliness of service, because parties to real estate transactions are usually concerned with time schedules and costs associated with delays in closing transactions. In those states where prices are not established by regulatory authorities, the price of title insurance policies is also an important competitive factor. Because a real estate transaction requires the purchase of a number of products and services other than title insurance, the breadth of services offered has become increasingly important. The Company believes that it provides quality service in a timely manner at competitive prices. The Company also believes that it offers one of the most comprehensive selections of products and services in the industry.
Trust and Investment Advisory Services. Since 1960, the Company has conducted a general trust business in California, acting as trustee when so appointed pursuant to court order or private agreement. In 1985, the Company formed a banking subsidiary into which its subsidiary trust operation was merged. During August 1999, this subsidiary converted from a state-chartered bank to a federal savings bank. This subsidiary, First American Trust, FSB, offers investment advisory services and manages equity and fixed-income securities. As of December 31, 2006, the trust company managed $1.8 billion of assets, administered fiduciary and custodial assets having a market value in excess of $3.3 billion, had assets of $909.1 million, deposits of $844.3 million and stockholders equity of $59.4 million.
Lending and Deposit Products. During 1988, the Company, through a majority owned subsidiary, acquired an industrial bank, that accepts thrift deposits and uses deposited funds to originate and purchase loans secured by commercial properties primarily in Southern California. As of December 31, 2006, this company, First Security Thrift Company, had approximately $50.9 million of demand deposits and $103.3 million of loans outstanding.
Loans made or acquired during the current year by the thrift ranged in amount from $15,075 to $4.2 million. The average loan balance outstanding at December 31, 2006, was $505,950. Loans are made only on a secured basis, at loan-to-value percentages no greater than 75.0%. The thrift specializes in making commercial real estate loans. In excess of 99.5% of the thrifts loans are made on a variable rate basis. The average yield on the thrifts loan portfolio as of December 31, 2006, was 7.60%. A number of factors are included in the determination of average yield, principal among which are loan fees and closing points amortized to income, prepayment penalties recorded as income, and amortization of discounts on purchased loans. The thrifts primary competitors in the Southern California commercial real estate lending market are local community banks, other thrift and loan companies and, to a lesser extent, commercial banks. The thrifts average loan is approximately 13.13 years in duration.
The performance of the thrifts loan portfolio is evaluated on an ongoing basis by management of the thrift. The thrift places a loan on non-accrual status when two payments become past due. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, the thrifts general policy is to reverse from income previously accrued but unpaid interest. Income on such loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent that cash is received and future collection of principal is probable. Interest income on non-accrual loans that would have been recognized during the year ended December 31, 2006, if all of such loans had been current in accordance with their original terms, totaled $0.
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The following table sets forth the amount of the thrifts non-performing loans as of the dates indicated.
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 | |||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Nonperforming Assets: |
|||||||||||||||
Loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 53 | $ | 65 | |||||
Total |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 53 | $ | 65 | |||||
Based on a variety of factors concerning the creditworthiness of its borrowers, the thrift determined that it had no potential problem loans in existence as of December 31, 2006.
The thrifts allowance for loan losses is established through charges to earnings in the form of provision for loan losses. Loan losses are charged to, and recoveries are credited to, the allowance for loan losses. The provision for loan losses is determined after considering various factors, such as loan loss experience, maturity of the portfolio, size of the portfolio, borrower credit history, the existing allowance for loan losses, current charges and recoveries to the allowance for loan losses, the overall quality of the loan portfolio, and current economic conditions, as determined by management of the thrift, regulatory agencies and independent credit review specialists. While many of these factors are essentially a matter of judgment and may not be reduced to a mathematical formula, the Company believes that, in light of the collateral securing its loan portfolio, the thrifts current allowance for loan losses is an adequate allowance against foreseeable losses.
The following table provides certain information with respect to the thrifts allowance for loan losses as well as charge-off and recovery activity.
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for Loan Losses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 1,410 | $ | 1,350 | $ | 1,290 | $ | 1,170 | $ | 1,050 | ||||||||||
Charge-offs: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Assigned lease payments |
| | | | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| | | | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Recoveries: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
Assigned lease payments |
| | | | | |||||||||||||||
| | | | | ||||||||||||||||
Net (charge-offs) recoveries |
| | | | (3 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Provision for losses |
30 | 60 | 60 | 120 | 123 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 1,440 | $ | 1,410 | $ | 1,350 | $ | 1,290 | $ | 1,170 | ||||||||||
Ratio of net charge-offs during the year to average loans outstanding during the year |
0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | 0 | % | ||||||||||
The adequacy of the thrifts allowance for loan losses is based on formula allocations and specific allocations. Formula allocations are made on a percentage basis, which is dependent on the underlying collateral, the type of loan and general economic conditions. Specific allocations are made as problem or potential problem loans are identified and are based upon an evaluation by the thrifts management of the status of such loans. Specific allocations may be revised from time to time as the status of problem or potential problem loans changes.
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The following table shows the allocation of the thrifts allowance for loan losses and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated.
Year Ended December 31 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance |
% of Loans |
Allowance |
% of Loans |
Allowance |
% of Loans |
Allowance |
% of Loans |
Allowance |
% of Loans | ||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loan Categories: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate-mortgage |
$ | 1,440 | 100 | $ | 1,410 | 100 | $ | 1,349 | 100 | $ | 1,289 | 100 | $ | 1,159 | 99 | ||||||||||
Other |
| | | | 1 | | 1 | | 11 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
$ | 1,440 | 100 | $ | 1,410 | 100 | $ | 1,350 | 100 | $ | 1,290 | 100 | $ | 1,170 | 100 | |||||||||||
Specialty Insurance Segment
Home Warranties. The Companys home warranty business provides residential service contracts that cover many of the major systems and appliances in residential homes against failures that occur as the result of normal usage during the coverage period. Most of these policies are issued on resale residences. Coverage is typically for one year and is renewable annually at the option of the contract holder and upon approval of the Company. Coverage and pricing typically vary by geographic region. Fees for the warranties may be paid at the closing of the home purchase or directly by the consumer and are recognized monthly over a 12-month period. Renewal premiums may be paid by a number of different options. In addition, the contract holder is responsible for a service fee for each trade call. First year warranties primarily are marketed through real estate brokers and agents. The Company markets renewals. This business has continually expanded nationally and is currently doing business in 47 states and the District of Columbia.
Property and Casualty Insurance. The Company offers property and casualty insurance through its subsidiaries First American Property and Casualty Insurance Company and First American Specialty Insurance Company. First American Property and Casualty Insurance Company primarily conducts its business utilizing the Companys direct distribution channels, including cross-selling through existing closing-service activities. First American Specialty Insurance Company conducts its business utilizing a network of brokers.
The Information Technology Group
Mortgage Information Segment
The mortgage information segment provides real estate tax reporting and outsourcing, flood zone certification and monitoring, default management services, document preparation and other real estate related services.
Tax Monitoring. The Companys tax monitoring service, established in 1987, advises real property mortgage lenders of the status of property tax payments due on real estate securing their loans. In October 2003, the Company enhanced this business with the acquisition of Transamerica Finance Corporations tax monitoring business. The Company believes that it is currently the largest provider of tax monitoring services in the United States.
Under a typical contract the Company, on behalf of a mortgage lender, monitors the real estate taxes owing on properties securing such lenders mortgage loans for the life of such loans. In general, providers of tax monitoring services, such as the Companys tax service, indemnify mortgage lenders against losses resulting from a failure to monitor delinquent taxes. Where a mortgage lender requires that tax payments be impounded on behalf of borrowers, the Company also may be required to monitor and oversee the transfer of these monies to the taxing authorities and provide confirmation to lenders that such taxes have been paid. The Company also may indemnify mortgage lenders against losses for any failure to make such transfers.
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The Company recognizes revenues from tax service contracts over the estimated duration of the contracts. However, income taxes are paid on the entire fee in the first two years of the contract. Historically, the Company has maintained minimal reserves for losses relating to its tax monitoring service because its losses have been relatively minor.
Flood Zone Certification. In January 1995, the Company entered the flood zone certification business with the acquisition of Flood Data Services, Inc. In October 2003 the Company substantially expanded this business with the acquisition of Transamerica Flood Hazard Certification, Inc., one of the Companys primary competitors in this business. This business furnishes to mortgage lenders a report as to whether a subject property lies within a governmentally delineated flood hazard area and monitors the property for flood hazard status changes for as long as the loan is active. Federal legislation passed in 1994 requires that most mortgage lenders obtain a determination of the current flood zone status at the time each loan is originated and obtain updates during the life of the loan.
Default Services. The Companys default management business sells software and provides services which help mortgage servicing companies and financial institutions mitigate losses on mortgages that are in default as well as manage foreclosures, maintain and sell real estate owned (REO) properties and process foreclosure claims.
Property Information Segment
The Companys property information segment provides licenses and analyzes data relating to real property, offers risk management and collateral assessment analytics and provides database management and appraisal services to various businesses, in particular to businesses operating in the real estate industry, such as mortgage lenders and brokers, real estate agents, property and casualty insurance companies and title insurance companies. The data offered by this segment include property characteristic information, such as the square footage of a piece of property or the number of rooms in a residence, and images of publicly recorded documents relating to real property. The Company delivers such data to its customers primarily through electronic means, including the Internet. This segment also manages databases of title and tax records, known as title plants, which are used primarily by title insurance companies in the issuance of title insurance policies.
This segment also provides appraisal services to mortgage lenders, real estate agents, investors and other businesses requiring valuations of real property. These services include traditional appraisals, which require physical inspection and human analysis, broker price opinion services, which value real property based on the opinions of real estate brokers and agents, and automated valuation models which use data and sophisticated mathematical models and analytic tools to arrive at a valuation.
The property information segment was created in the Companys FARES joint venture with Experian in January 1998. Since that time this segment has grown through a number of significant acquisitions. In June 1998 the Company entered the imaged document business with the acquisition of Data Tree Corporation. In July 2000 the Company combined its title plant business with a competing business owned by the Companys competitor, LandAmerica. The combined entity, DataTrace Information Services LLC, is owned 80% by FARES and 20% by LandAmerica. In August 2000, the Company combined its property data business with Transamerica Corporations competing business. At the time the Company owned 80% of the resulting entity. During 2004 the Company purchased the remaining 20%. In September 2002, the Company added broker price opinions (BPO) to its appraisal operations with the acquisition of SourceOne Services, Corp. (now known as First American Residential Value View) The Company believes that this company is the largest provider of BPO services to the default market and the second largest provider of BPO services in the United States. In April 2005 the Company expanded its offering of analytic products with the acquisition of LoanPerformance. This company provides mortgage information and mortgage performance and risk analytics largely to the U.S. mortgage finance and servicing market. In February 2007, the Company combined its property data and related analytics businesses with CoreLogic Systems, Inc., a provider of mortgage risk assessment and fraud prevention solutions. The former stockholders of CoreLogic own approximately 18% of the combined entity.
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This segment derives a substantial portion of its income from a single customer of this segments traditional appraisal products.
First Advantage Segment
The Companys First Advantage segment is comprised entirely of First Advantage Corporation, a public company whose shares of Class A common stock trade on the NASDAQ Global Market under the ticker symbol FADV. First Advantage was formed in the 2003 merger of the Companys screening information segment with US SEARCH.com, Inc. Since that time First Advantage has grown substantially through acquisitions. In particular, in September 2005, the Company contributed its credit information group to First Advantage in exchange for additional Class B common stock of First Advantage. As of December 31, 2006, the Company, together with its FARES joint venture with Experian, indirectly owned all of First Advantages outstanding Class B common stock. These Class B shares constituted approximately 82% of the economic interest and approximately 98% of the voting interest of First Advantage as of December 31, 2006.
First Advantage now operates in six primary business groups: lender services, data services, dealer services, employer services, multifamily services, and investigative and litigation support services. First Advantages lender services group provides specialized credit reports for mortgage lenders throughout the United States. Its data services group offers motor vehicle records, transportation industry credit reporting, fleet management, supply chain theft and damage mitigation consulting, consumer location, criminal records reselling, subprime credit reporting, consumer credit reporting services and lead generation. Through its dealer services group, First Advantage provides specialized credit reports, credit automation software and lead generation services to auto dealers and lenders. First Advantages employer services group helps thousands of companies manage risk with employment screening, occupation health and tax incentive services and hiring solutions. Its multifamily services group helps customers manage risk with resident screening services. And its investigative and litigation support services group provides corporate litigation and investigative services.
Acquisitions
Commencing in the 1960s, the Company initiated a growth program with a view to becoming a nationwide provider of title insurance. This program included expansion into new geographic markets through internal growth and selective acquisitions. In 1986 the Company began expanding into other real estate business information services. In 1998 the Company expanded its diversification program to include business information companies outside of the real estate transfer and closing process. To date, the Company has made numerous strategic acquisitions designed to expand its direct title operations, as well as the range of services it can provide to its customers, and to diversify its revenues and earnings.
Regulation
The title insurance business is heavily regulated by state insurance regulatory authorities. These authorities generally possess broad powers with respect to the licensing of title insurers, the types and amounts of investments that title insurers may make, insurance rates, forms of policies and the form and content of required annual statements, as well as the power to audit and examine title insurers. Under state laws, certain levels of capital and surplus must be maintained and certain amounts of securities must be segregated or deposited with appropriate state officials. Various state statutes require title insurers to defer a portion of all premiums in a reserve for the protection of policyholders and to segregate investments in a corresponding amount. Further, most states restrict the amount of dividends and distributions a title insurer may make to its shareholders.
In 1999, the Company entered into the property and casualty insurance business through the acquisitions of Great Pacific Insurance Company and Five Star Holdings, Inc. The property and casualty business is subject to regulation by government agencies in the states in which they transact business. The nature and extent of such regulation may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but typically involves prior approval of the acquisition of control of an insurance company, regulation of certain transactions entered into by an insurance company with
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any of its affiliates, the payment of dividends by an insurance company, approval of premium rates and policy forms for many lines of insurance, standards of solvency and minimum amounts of capital and surplus which must be maintained. In order to issue policies on a direct basis in a state, the property and casualty insurer must generally be licensed by such state. In certain circumstances, such as placements through licensed surplus lines brokers, it may conduct business without being admitted and without being subject to rate and policy forms approvals.
The Companys home warranty business is subject to regulation in some states by insurance authorities and other regulatory entities. The Companys trust company and thrift are both subject to regulation by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. In addition, as a federal savings bank, the Companys trust company is regulated by the United States Department of the Treasurys Office of Thrift Supervision, and the Companys thrift is regulated by the California Commissioner of Corporations.
Investment Policies
The Company invests primarily in cash equivalents, federal and municipal governmental securities, mortgage loans and investment grade debt and equity securities. The largely fixed income portfolio is classified in the Companys financial statements as available for sale. In addition to the Companys investment strategy, state laws impose certain restrictions upon the types and amounts of investments that may be made by the Companys regulated subsidiaries.
Employees
As of December 31, 2006, the Company employed 39,670 people on either a part-time or full-time basis.
Available Information
The Company maintains a website, www.firstam.com, which includes financial and other information for investors. The Companys annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 are available through the Investors page of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Companys website and the information contained therein or connected thereto are not intended to be incorporated into this annual report on Form 10-K, or any other filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission unless the Company expressly incorporates such materials.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The Company faces risks other than those listed here, including those that are unknown to the Company and others of which the Company may be aware but, at present, considers immaterial. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting the Companys operating results, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.
Certain recurring trends generally result in a decrease in the demand for the Companys products and services
Demand for the Companys products and services generally decreases as the number of real estate transactions in which the Companys products and services are purchased decreases. The Company has found that the number of real estate transactions in which the Companys products and services are purchased decreases in the following situations:
| when mortgage interest rates are high; |
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| when the mortgage fund supply is limited; and |
| when the United States economy is weak. |
The Company believes that this trend will recur.
Changes in government regulation could prohibit or limit the Companys operations or make it more burdensome for us to conduct such operations
The Companys title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, thrift, trust and investment businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Companys other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Changes in the applicable regulatory environment or statutory guidelines or changes in interpretations of existing regulations or statutes could prohibit or limit the Companys existing or future operations or make it more burdensome to conduct such operations. These changes may compel the Company to reduce its prices, may restrict the Companys ability to implement price increases, may restrict the Companys ability to acquire assets or businesses, may limit the manner in which the Company conducts its business or otherwise may have a negative impact on the Companys ability to generate revenues and earnings.
The Company may find it difficult to acquire necessary data
Certain data used and supplied by the Company are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Compliance with existing federal, state and local laws and regulations with respect to such data has not had a material adverse effect on the Companys results of operations or financial condition to date. Nonetheless, federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States designed to protect the public from the misuse of personal information in the marketplace and adverse publicity or potential litigation concerning the commercial use of such information may affect the Companys operations and could result in substantial regulatory compliance expense, litigation expense and a loss of revenue. The suppliers of data to the Company face similar burdens and, consequently, the Company may find it financially burdensome to acquire necessary data.
Systems interruptions and intrusions may impair the delivery of the Companys products and services
System interruptions and intrusions may impair the delivery of the Companys products and services, result in a loss of customers and a corresponding loss in revenue. The Company depends heavily upon computer systems located in its data centers in Santa Ana, California and Dallas, Texas. Certain events beyond the Companys control, including acts of God, telecommunications failures and intrusions into the Companys systems by third parties could temporarily or permanently interrupt the delivery of products and services. These interruptions also may interfere with suppliers ability to provide necessary data and employees ability to attend work and perform their responsibilities.
The Company may not be able to realize the benefits of its offshore strategy
Over the last few years the Company has reduced its costs by utilizing lower cost labor in foreign countries such as India and the Philippines. These countries are subject to relatively higher degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure to withstand natural disasters. These disruptions decrease efficiency or increase the Companys costs in these countries. Furthermore, the practice of utilizing labor based in foreign countries has come under increased scrutiny in the United States and, as a result, some of the Companys customers may require it to use labor based in the United States. The Company may not be able to pass on the increased costs of higher priced United States-based labor to its customers.
Product migration may result in decreased revenue
Consumers of many of the Companys real estate settlement services increasingly require these services to be delivered faster, cheaper and more efficiently. Many of the Companys traditional products are labor and time
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intensive. As these consumer pressures increase, the Company may be forced to replace its traditional products with automated products that can be delivered electronically and with limited human processing. Because many of the Companys traditional products have higher prices than its automated products, the Companys revenues may decline.
Increases in the size of the Companys customers enhance their negotiating position with respect to pricing and terms and may decrease their need for the services offered by the Company
Many of the Companys customers are increasing in size as a result of consolidation and growth. As a result, the Company may derive a higher percentage of its revenues from a smaller base of customers, which would enhance the ability of these customers to negotiate more favorable pricing and more favorable terms for the Companys products and services. Moreover, these larger customers may prove more capable of performing in-house some or all of the services we provide and, consequently, their demand for the Companys products and services may decrease. These circumstances could adversely affect the Companys revenues and profitability.
The integration of Company acquisitions may be difficult and may result in a failure to realize some of the anticipated potential benefits of acquisitions
When companies are acquired, the Company may not be able to integrate or manage these businesses so as to produce returns that justify the investment. Any difficulty in successfully integrating or managing the operations of the businesses could have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity, and could lead to a failure to realize any anticipated synergies. The Companys management also will continue to be required to dedicate substantial time and effort to the integration of its acquisitions. These efforts could divert managements focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters.
The Companys future earnings may be reduced if acquisition projections are inaccurate
The Companys earnings have improved in part because of the Companys acquisition and integration of businesses. The success or failure of the Companys acquisitions has depended in large measure upon the accuracy of the Companys projections. These projections are not always accurate. Inaccurate projections have historically led to lower than expected earnings.
As a holding company, the Company depends on distributions from the Companys subsidiaries, and if distributions from the Companys subsidiaries are materially impaired, the Companys ability to declare and pay dividends may be adversely affected; in addition, insurance and other regulations may limit the amount of dividends, loans and advances available from the Companys insurance subsidiaries
First American is a holding company whose primary assets are the securities of its operating subsidiaries. The Companys ability to pay dividends is dependent on the ability of the Companys subsidiaries to pay dividends or repay funds. If the Companys operating subsidiaries are not able to pay dividends or repay funds, the Company may not be able to declare and pay dividends to its shareholders. Moreover, pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Companys insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available is limited. Under such regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available from the Companys insurance subsidiaries in 2007 is $285.7 million.
Certain provisions of the Companys charter and rights plan may make a takeover of our company difficult even if such takeover could be beneficial to some of the Companys shareholders
The Companys restated articles of incorporation authorize the issuance of blank check preferred stock with such designations, rights and preferences as may be determined from time to time by the Companys Board of Directors. Accordingly, the Companys board is empowered, without further shareholder action, to issue
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shares or series of preferred stock with dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights, including the ability to receive dividends, of the Companys common shareholders. The issuance of such preferred stock could be utilized, under certain circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control. In conjunction with the rights plan discussed in the paragraph immediately below, the Company has authorized the issuance of the Companys Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares. Although the Company has no present intention of issuing any additional shares or series of preferred stock, the Company cannot guarantee that it will not make such an issuance in the future.
The Company has adopted a rights plan which could, alone or in combination with the Companys restated articles of incorporation, discourage transactions involving actual or potential changes of control, including transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices to the Companys shareholders for their common shares.
Scrutiny of the Company and the industries in which it operates by governmental entities and others could adversely affect its operations and financial condition
The real estate settlement services industryan industry in which the Company generates a substantial portion of its revenue and earningshas become subject to heightened scrutiny by regulators, legislators, the media and plaintiffs attorneys. Though often directed at the industry generally, these groups may also focus their attention directly on the Company. In either case, this scrutiny may result in changes which could adversely affect the Companys operations and, therefore, its financial condition.
Several states, for example, have either begun, or indicated that they will begin, an examination of title insurance rates. These states include California, which, on a revenue basis, is the largest state in which the Companys title insurance services segment operates. In states where rates are promulgated or otherwise highly regulated, such examinations may ultimately result in a reduction in the rates the Company can charge for title insurance policies. In other states, pressure exerted by governmental entities, competitors, consumers and the media may compel the Company to reduce its rates. A reduction in rates, if not offset by a corresponding reduction in expenses or an increase in market share, may result in decreased profitability.
Governmental entities have inquired into certain practices in the real estate settlement services industry to determine whether the Company or its competitors have violated applicable law, which include, among others, the insurance codes of the various jurisdictions in which we operate and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and similar state laws. Generally, these groups seek monetary damages or other types of recompense. Departments of insurance in the various states also periodically conduct inquiries, generally referred to as market conduct exams, into the practices of title insurance companies in their respective jurisdictions. From time to time plaintiffs lawyers target the Company and other members of the Companys industry with lawsuits claiming legal violations or other wrongful conduct. These lawsuits may involve large groups of plaintiffs and claims for substantial damages. All of these types of inquiries may uncover violations of the law or other wrongful conduct and may result in the payment of fines or damages or the imposition of restrictions on the Companys conduct which could impact its operations and financial condition. Moreover, these laws and standards of conduct often are ambiguous and, thus, it may be difficult to ensure compliance. This ambiguity may force the Company to mitigate its risk by settling claims or by ending practices that generate revenues and earnings.
The staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission is conducting an informal inquiry concerning the Companys prior stock option practices and this inquiry could require the Company to expend significant resources and result in an unfavorable outcome
Following the Companys announcement on August 9, 2006, that a special subcommittee of the Companys audit committee was conducting a review of the Companys historical stock option granting practices, the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) notified the Company that it is conducting an informal inquiry
17
concerning these practices. It is not known when this inquiry will be resolved or what, if any, actions the SEC may take as a result of this inquiry. Response to this inquiry could divert management time and attention away from day-to-day operations and require the expenditure of significant financial resources. An unfavorable outcome could require the Company to pay damages or penalties, or result in other remedies against the Company, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Pending civil litigation relating to the Companys prior stock option granting practices could have a material adverse effect on the Company
The Company, its directors and certain of its officers have been named in shareholder derivative actions relating to the Companys prior stock option granting practices. These actions are in their preliminary stages. These actions, and others that could arise from the Companys prior stock option granting practices, could divert management time and attention from day-to-day operations, result in significant legal expenses and result in an outcome that could have a material adverse effect on the Companys business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
Actual claims experience could materially vary from the expected claims experience that is reflected in the Companys reserve for incurred but not reported (IBNR) title claims
Title insurance policies are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported to the Company within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70 to 75 percent of claims become known in the five first years of the policy life. Therefore, the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the five most recent policy years. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for policy years older than five years is not considered reasonably likely by the Company. However, changes in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years is considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, the Company believes that a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for the most recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. For example, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last five policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $121.2 million. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be inaccurate and actual claims experience may vary from the expected claims experience.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
In September 1999, the Company moved its executive offices to one of three constructed office buildings at MacArthur Place in Santa Ana, California. Later that same year, the Orange County branch and certain other operations of the Companys title insurance segment moved into the two other buildings constructed on the site. The three buildings totaled approximately 210,000 square feet and were situated in a campus environment comprising approximately 32 acres. In the first quarter of 2004, the Company began the expansion of its office campus. This expansion was completed in the fourth quarter of 2005 with the addition of two 4-story office buildings totaling approximately 226,000 square feet, a two-story, free standing, 52,000 square foot technology center and a two-story parking structure, bringing the total square footage of the Companys campus at MacArthur Place to approximately 490,000 square feet. The two new office buildings are occupied primarily by the Companys property information segment and trust company. The original three office buildings, including the underlying land and the fixtures thereto, are subject to a deed of trust and security agreement securing payment of a promissory note evidencing a loan made in October 2003, to the Companys subsidiary, First
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American Title Insurance Company, in the original sum of $55.0 million. This loan is payable in monthly installments of principal and interest, is fully amortizing and matures November 1, 2023. The outstanding principal balance of this loan was $49.8 million as of December 31, 2006.
As of December 31, 2006, the Companys mortgage information segment relocated most of its national operations from a facility in Dallas, Texas to a new location in Westlake, Texas. The Company exercised its option to terminate early its lease on the Dallas, Texas facility. The Company signed a 10-year lease on the Westlake, Texas facility, which comprises approximately 662,000 square feet. The Companys Lenders Advantage group occupies 67,000 square feet at this facility.
In 1999, the Company completed the construction of two office buildings in Poway, California. These two buildings, which are owned by the Companys title insurance subsidiary and are leased to First Advantage for use by its lender services segment and certain businesses in its Dealer Services segment, total approximately 153,000 square feet and are located on a 17 acre parcel of land.
The office facilities occupied by the Company or its subsidiaries are, in all material respects, in good condition and adequate for their intended use.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
The Company and its subsidiaries have been named in various class action lawsuits related to their title insurance operations, including a number of cases alleging that the Company failed to charge the correct rate for title insurance policies issued in refinance transactions. In cases where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure for each case based on facts known to the Company. As of December 31, 2006, the Companys estimate of its range of exposure with respect to these lawsuits was $2.5 million to $8.7 million in the aggregate. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (FAS 5), the Company maintained reserves for these lawsuits totaling $8.6 million and $9.6 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Expense recognized relating to these matters totaled $9.4 million, $6.6 million and $3.0 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these cases, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On January 25, 2005, a jury in the case of Chicago Title Insurance Corporation v. James A. Magnuson, et al. awarded damages in the amount of $43.2 million against a subsidiary of the Company. This matter involved claims of violation of a non-competition agreement and intentional interference with contract. The judgment comprised a compensatory award of $10.8 million and a punitive damage award of $32.4 million. In October 2005 the trial court denied the Companys motions to set aside the damage awards, among other matters. An appeal with the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is pending. The Company continues to believe it has strong grounds to overturn this judgment. Pending the outcome of the appeal, during 2005 the Company recorded a reserve of $10.0 million in connection with this matter. This amount represents the Companys best estimate of its most likely loss based on its assessment of the likely outcome of the appeal. The Company arrived at this estimate after consultations with counsel who, based on various factors, including the likely outcome of legal challenges to the enforceability of the subject non-competition agreement and the appropriateness of the punitive damage award, advised the Company that a reduction in the total damages assessed against the Company was likely to occur.
On June 15, 2006, a jury in the case of Security Title v. Linda Lorene Pope, et al. awarded damages in the amount of $41.3 million against a subsidiary of the Company. This matter involved a breach of fiduciary duty claim against Ms. Pope and an aiding and abetting claim against the Companys subsidiary. The judgment comprised a compensatory award of $6.3 million and a punitive damage award of $35.0 million. In connection
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with this matter, the Company recorded a reserve of $25.0 million in the second quarter of 2006, representing what was then the Companys estimate of its most likely loss in connection with the case. The Company arrived at this estimate after consultations with counsel who, based on various factors, including existing law on acceptable ratios of punitive to compensatory damages, advised the Company that a reduction in the punitive damage award was likely to occur. On February 14, 2007, the trial court set aside the $35.0 million punitive damage award against the Company. As a result, the Company reversed $18.0 million of the aforementioned $25.0 million accrual, and reflected this reversal in its financial statements as of December 31, 2006. The remaining $7.0 million reserve at December 31, 2006, represents the Companys best estimate of its loss based on its assessment of the likely outcome of this matter.
The Companys title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, thrift, trust and investment businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Companys other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to audit or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are auditing or investigating certain of the Companys operations. These audits or investigations include inquiries into, among other matters, pricing and rate setting practices in the title insurance industry, competition in the title insurance industry and title insurance customer acquisition and retention practices. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure for each matter based on facts known to the Company. As of December 31, 2006, the Companys estimate of its range of exposure with respect to these matters was $15.5 to $30.5 million in the aggregate. In accordance with FAS 5, the Company maintained reserves for these matters totaling $18.5 million and $0 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Expense recognized relating to these matters totaled $18.5 million, $5.0 million, and $0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. While the ultimate disposition of each such audit or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate, they will have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. These audits or investigations could result in changes to the Companys business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On December 19, 2006, and February 2, 2007, two purported shareholders of the Company named the Companys entire Board of Directors, certain of its officers and, nominally, the Company in shareholder derivative actions. The plaintiffs in these cases (Young v. Kennedy, et al., Case No. SACV06-1230 JVS (RNBx) and Larson v. Kennedy, et al., Case No. SACV07-134 JVS(ANx)), both filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, assert claims for alleged violations of the federal securities laws, breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, constructive fraud, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, insider trading, gross mismanagement and related violations of the California Corporations Code, in connection with the Companys prior stock option granting practices and the related accounting and public disclosures surrounding such prior stock option granting practices. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified damages to be paid to the Company, disgorgement to the Company of profits from the alleged misconduct and reimbursement to the Company of certain compensation as well as changes to the Companys corporate governance and internal control procedures. The plaintiffs also seek the payment of their attorneys fees. The Company does not believe that these suits will have a material adverse impact on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company also is involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to its operations. While the ultimate disposition of each proceeding is not determinable, the Company does not believe that any of such proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this report.
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PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrants Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Common Stock Market Prices and Dividends
The Companys common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (ticker symbol FAF). The approximate number of record holders of common stock on February 22, 2007, was 3,259.
High and low stock prices and dividends declared for the last two years were as follows:
2006 |
2005 | |||||||||||
Quarter Ended |
High-low range |
Cash dividends |
High-low range |
Cash dividends | ||||||||
March 31 |
$ | 46.95$38.00 | $ | .18 | $ | 37.67$31.31 | $ | .18 | ||||
June 30 |
$ | 42.72$38.80 | $ | .18 | $ | 41.31$32.10 | $ | .18 | ||||
September 30 |
$ | 42.92$36.10 | $ | .18 | $ | 45.78$40.60 | $ | .18 | ||||
December 31 |
$ | 42.64$37.04 | $ | .18 | $ | 49.02$40.86 | $ | .18 |
While the Company expects to continue its policy of paying regular quarterly cash dividends, future dividends will be dependent on future earnings, financial condition and capital requirements. The payment of dividends is subject to the restrictions described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Part II of this report.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table sets forth details regarding equity securities of the Company that were authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans of the Company as of December 31, 2006.
Plan Category |
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights (a) |
Weighted-average (b) |
Number of securities (c) | ||||
(in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price) | |||||||
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)(3) |
5,825 | $ | 27.35 | 6,433 | |||
Equity compensation not approved by security holders (2) |
435 | $ | 34.69 | | |||
6,260 | $ | 27.82 | 6,433 | ||||
(1) | Consists of The First American Corporation 1996 Stock Option Plan, The First American Corporation 1997 Directors Stock Plan and The First American 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan. See Note 16 to the Companys consolidated financial statements for additional information. |
(2) | Includes shares related to plans assumed by the Company in the purchase of Credit Management Solutions, Inc. and stock options and restricted stock units issued to the Companys vice-chairman and chief financial officer as an inducement for him to commence employment. See Note 16 to the Companys consolidated financial statements for additional information. |
(3) | Includes 1,741,000 shares available to be issued under the Companys stock purchase plan. See Note 15 to the Companys consolidated financial statements for additional information. |
(4) | Excludes restricted stock units. |
21
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
During the fourth quarter all of the remaining holders of the Companys convertible promissory notes issued in 1999 in connection with an acquisition elected to convert such notes into Company Common shares pursuant to the terms of the notes. On October 27, 2006, the Company issued 38,752 Common shares to one such holder. On October 31, 2006, the Company issued 2,691 shares to another such holder and on November 1, 2006, the Company issued an aggregate of 416,433 shares to the holders of the remaining 14 notes outstanding. The Company issued the shares pursuant to the exemption from registration provided by Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act of 1933, based on the fact that the securities issued were exchanged by the Company with its existing security holders exclusively and no commission or other remuneration was paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such exchange.
On October 3, 2006, the Company issued an aggregate of 26,828 Common shares as earn-out consideration to two former shareholders of an acquired entity. In issuing the shares the Company relied upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, based on the limited number and sophisticated nature of the recipients.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table describes purchases by the Company of the Companys Common shares which settled during each period set forth in the table. Prices in column (b) include commissions. Purchases described in column (c) were made pursuant to the share repurchase program announced by the Company on May 18, 2004. On May 19, 2005, the Company announced an amendment to this plan, which amendment increased the amount of shares that the Company may repurchase by $100 million. On June 26, 2006 the Company announced a further amendment to the plan, increasing the amount of shares available for repurchase under the plan by an additional $300 million. The amounts in column (d) reflect the effect of these amendments. Under this plan, which has no expiration date, the Company may repurchase up to $500 million of the Companys issued and outstanding Common shares. As of December 31, 2006, the Company repurchased $133.7 million (including commissions) of its shares and has the authority to repurchase an additional $366.3 million (including commissions).
Period |
(a) Total |
(b) Average |
(c) Total Number of |
(d) Maximum | ||||||
October 1 to October 31, 2006 |
| $ | | | $ | 366,322,022 | ||||
November 1 to November 30, 2006 |
| $ | | | $ | 366,322,022 | ||||
December 1 to December 31, 2006 |
| $ | | | $ | 366,322,022 | ||||
Total |
| $ | | | $ | 366,322,022 |
22
Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The selected consolidated financial data for the Company for the three-year period ended December 31, 2006, has been derived from the audited Consolidated Financial Statements. The selected consolidated financial data for the Company for the years 2003 and 2002 is derived from the accounting records and is unaudited (see Note C below). The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, Item 1BusinessAcquisitions, and Item 7Managements Discussion and AnalysisResults of Operations.
The First American Corporation and Subsidiary Companies
Year Ended December 31 (Note C) |
||||||||||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
||||||||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | (as restated) | (as restated) | |||||||||||||||||
(unaudited) | (unaudited) | |||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages, per share amounts and employee data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 8,499,066 | $ | 8,104,751 | $ | 6,722,326 | $ | 6,213,714 | $ | 4,704,209 | ||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 287,676 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 345,847 | $ | 447,019 | $ | 229,774 | ||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 8,224,285 | $ | 7,598,641 | $ | 6,216,536 | $ | 5,149,496 | $ | 3,407,882 | ||||||||||
Notes and contracts payable |
$ | 847,991 | $ | 848,569 | $ | 732,770 | $ | 553,888 | $ | 425,705 | ||||||||||
Deferrable interest subordinated notes |
$ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | ||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
$ | 3,202,053 | $ | 3,005,733 | $ | 2,469,138 | $ | 1,887,936 | $ | 1,374,426 | ||||||||||
Return on average stockholders equity |
9.3 | % | 17.5 | % | 15.9 | % | 27.4 | % | 18.5 | % | ||||||||||
Cash dividends on common shares |
$ | 69,213 | $ | 68,636 | $ | 52,403 | $ | 38,850 | $ | 24,570 | ||||||||||
Per share of common stock (Note A) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net income: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 2.99 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.00 | $ | 5.83 | $ | 3.21 | ||||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 2.92 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.80 | $ | 5.19 | $ | 2.90 | ||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
$ | 33.19 | $ | 31.36 | $ | 27.42 | $ | 23.95 | $ | 18.67 | ||||||||||
Cash dividends |
$ | .72 | $ | .72 | $ | .60 | $ | .50 | $ | .34 | ||||||||||
Number of common shares outstanding |
||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average during the year: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
96,206 | 94,351 | 86,430 | 76,632 | 71,594 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted |
98,653 | 97,691 | 91,669 | 87,379 | 81,802 | |||||||||||||||
End of year |
96,484 | 95,860 | 90,058 | 78,826 | 73,636 | |||||||||||||||
Title orders opened (Note B) |
2,510 | 2,700 | 2,519 | 2,511 | 2,184 | |||||||||||||||
Title orders closed (Note B) |
1,866 | 2,017 | 1,909 | 2,021 | 1,696 | |||||||||||||||
Number of employees (Note D) |
39,670 | 37,883 | 30,994 | 29,802 | 24,886 |
Note APer share information relating to net income is based on weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the years presented. Per share information relating to stockholders equity is based on shares outstanding at the end of each year.
Note BTitle order volumes are those processed by the direct title operations of the Company and do not include orders processed by agents.
Note CAs described further in Note 1 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company has restated its financial statements to correct for errors relating to the accounting for employee stock options. The effect of this restatement on 2003 and 2002 was a reduction in net income of approximately $4.1 million (0.9%) and $4.5 million (1.9%), respectively.
Note DNumber of employees in 2006 and 2005 are based on actual employee headcount. Number of employees in 2004 and prior years was based on full-time equivalents.
23
Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Companys management considers the accounting policies described below to be critical in preparing the Companys consolidated financial statements. These policies require management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and related disclosures of contingencies. See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for a more detailed description of the Companys accounting policies.
Revenue recognition. Title premiums on policies issued directly by the Company are recognized on the effective date of the title policy, and for policies issued by independent agents, when notice of issuance is received from the agent. Revenues from home warranty contracts are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the contracts. Revenues from property and casualty insurance policies are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the policies. The Companys tax service division defers its tax service fee and recognizes that fee as revenue ratably over the expected service period. The amortization rates applied to recognize the revenues assume a 10-year contract life and are adjusted to reflect the estimated impact of prepayments. The Company reviews its tax service contract portfolio on a quarterly basis to determine if there have been changes in contract lives and/or changes in the number and/or timing of prepayments and adjusts the amortization rates accordingly to reflect current trends. For most other products, revenues are recognized at the time of delivery, as the Company has no significant ongoing obligation after delivery.
Provision for title losses. The Company provides for title insurance losses by a charge to expense when the related premium revenue is recognized. The amount charged to expense is generally determined by applying a rate (the loss provision rate) to total title insurance operating revenues. The Companys management estimates the loss provision rate at the beginning of each year and reassesses the rate quarterly to ensure that the resulting incurred but not reported (IBNR) loss reserve included in the Companys consolidated balance sheets reflects managements best estimate of the total costs required to settle all IBNR claims.
To estimate and reassess the loss provision rate and the resulting IBNR reserve, the Companys management uses a two-step process. First, it conducts its own assessment of projected losses by reviewing its historical claims experience and consulting with its in-house claims and operations personnel. This analysis tends to be historical in nature as influenced by recent claims experience. It then studies current economic and business trends, including, among others, changes in technology (primarily impacting the effectiveness of title searching), changes in the average revenue generated per title policy issued, changes in the types of policies issued, changes in the types of real estate transactions, changes in the average life of a mortgage due to refinance activity and changes in the frequency of turnover of properties.
The second step of the process is to use a third party actuary. Generally, twice a year, the actuary identifies a range of reserve estimates for IBNR, a single point estimate for IBNR, as well as loss rates that reflect the total projected ultimate loss by policy year as a percentage of that years title insurance operating revenues. The actuarial report is primarily based on the companys historical claim payment and incurred loss patterns. It does not fully reflect current trends (such those described above) that may impact future claims development.
The Companys management combines the single point estimate of the projected IBNR from the actuarial report with the results obtained from its assessment of projected losses (step one above) to determine what it considers to be the best estimate of the total amount required to settle all IBNR claims.
Title insurance policies are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported to the Company within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70 to 75 percent of claims become known in the five first years of the policy life. Therefore, the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the five most recent policy years. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for policy years older than five years is not considered reasonably likely by the Company. However, changes in expected ultimate
24
losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years is considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, the Company believes that a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for the most recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. For example, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last five policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $121.2 million. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be inaccurate and actual claims experience may vary from the expected claims experience.
A summary of the Companys loss reserves, broken down into its components of known title claims, incurred but not reported claims and non-title claims, follows:
(in thousands except percentages) |
as of December 31, 2006 |
as of December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||
Known claims |
$ | 133,419 | 14.2 | % | $ | 120,197 | 17.9 | % | ||||
IBNR |
727,840 | 77.7 | % | 474,749 | 70.8 | % | ||||||
Total title claims |
861,259 | 91.9 | % | 594,946 | 88.7 | % | ||||||
Non-title claims |
75,730 | 8.1 | % | 76,108 | 11.3 | % | ||||||
Total loss reserves |
$ | 936,989 | 100.0 | % | $ | 671,054 | 100.0 | % | ||||
During the second quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a $155.0 million title insurance reserve strengthening adjustment. This adjustment reflects a change in estimate for ultimate losses expected primarily from policy years 2002 through 2005. The change in estimate resulted primarily from higher than expected claims frequency experienced for those policy years during the first half of 2006, and was included in the mid-year actuarial analysis performed by the Companys independent actuaries. In addition, given the increase in short and long term interest rates during the first half of 2006, as well as the resulting increase in fixed and adjustable mortgage rates, the Companys management believes that claims development patterns for policy years 2003 through 2005 may extend. Given the increase in claims frequency that became apparent during the period and the potential extension of claims development patterns, management has placed greater weight on the historical claim payment patterns (which do not fully reflect the potential impact of refinance activity) in determining the appropriate IBNR reserve. Management continues to believe that some adjustment to historical claim development patterns is appropriate to make to policy years 2002 through 2005, however, management has lowered the degree of the adjustment during the period given the factors described above.
In determining its best estimate of the appropriate IBNR reserve at December 31, 2006, management considered the single point estimate, or selected result, included in the full-year actuarial report and a sensitivity analysis looking at the impact of the shorter overall tail of certain title policies due to the levels of refinance activity and homeowner turnover. The difference between the actuarys single point estimate of likely loss exposure as of December 31, 2006 and the Companys IBNR balance at December 31, 2006 was 2.4%. This difference is due to the impact of the shorter overall tail of claims from certain title policies due to the levels of refinance activity and homeowner turnover.
Purchase accounting and impairment testing for goodwill and other intangible assets. Pursuant to Statement of Financial Standards No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142), the Company is required to perform an annual impairment test for goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets by reporting unit. This annual test, which the Company has elected to perform every September 30, utilizes a variety of valuation techniques, all of which require management to make estimates and judgments, and includes discounted cash flow analysis, market approach valuations and the use of third-party valuation advisors. Certain of these valuation techniques are also utilized by the Company in accounting for business combinations, primarily in the determination of the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities. The Companys reporting units, for purposes of applying the provisions of SFAS 142, are title insurance, home warranty, property and casualty insurance, trust and other services, mortgage origination products and services, mortgage servicing products and
25
services, property information services, lender services, data services, dealer services, employer services, multifamily services and investigative and litigation services. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142, the Company completed the required annual impairment testing for goodwill and other intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, and determined that there was no impairment of value.
Income taxes. The Company estimates its effective income tax rate based upon a variety of factors including, but not limited to, the expected revenues and resulting pretax income for the year, the composition and geographic mix of the pretax income and the ratio of permanent differences to pretax income. Any changes to the estimated rate are made prospectively in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 28, Interim Financial Reporting. Additionally, management makes estimates as to the amount of reserves, if any, that are necessary for known and potential tax exposures.
Depreciation and amortization lives for assets. Management is required to estimate the useful lives of several asset classes, including capitalized data, internally developed software and other intangible assets. The estimation of useful lives requires a significant amount of judgment related to matters such as future changes in technology, legal issues related to allowable uses of data and other matters.
Stock-based compensation. In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R). This standard is a revision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and its related implementation guidance. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123R, which establishes standards for share-based awards for employee services. SFAS 123R has two transition method applications to choose from and the Company selected the modified-prospective method, under which prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. SFAS 123R focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The standard requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). The cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. In accordance with the modified prospective method, the Company will continue to use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model for all unvested options as of December 31, 2005. The Company has selected the binomial lattice option-pricing model to estimate the fair value for any options granted after December 31, 2005. In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company changed the method of attributing the value of stock-based compensation expense from the accelerated multiple-option method to the straight-line single option method. Compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted prior to January 1, 2006 will continue to be recognized using the accelerated multiple-option approach, while compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, will be recognized using the straight-line single option method. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the results is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Prior to 2006, forfeitures were recognized as they occurred. Share-based compensation expense included in salaries and other personnel costs recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, was $25.7 million, $13.1 million after tax and minority interest expense, or $0.13 per diluted share. This amount includes expense for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005 as well as share-based awards granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006. In addition to stock options, the Company has an employee stock purchase plan that allows eligible employees to purchase common stock of the Company at 85% of the closing price on the last day of each month. Under the provisions of SFAS 123R, commencing the first quarter of 2006, the Company began recognizing an expense in the amount equal to the discount. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, the amount of the discount was $1.0 million. This amount is included in the share-based compensation amount mentioned above.
26
Results of Operations
Restatement of Prior Year Financial StatementsOn January 4, 2007, the Company announced that the special subcommittee of its Audit Committee completed its review of the Companys historical stock option granting practices and related tax and accounting matters. In the course of its four month review, the special subcommittee evaluated all option grants made under the Companys 1996 Stock Option Plan, 1997 Directors Stock Plan and 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan. To assist it, the special subcommittee retained independent counsel, which in turn retained forensic accountants. The special subcommittee reported that it received full cooperation from the Companys management.
The special subcommittee determined that the Company used incorrect measurement dates for financial reporting purposes with respect to a number of stock option grants made between 1996 and 2006 and improperly accounted for the mispriced options under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and Statement of Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment. As a result, the cumulative impact to the Companys financial results over this period totaled $35.7 million, the majority of which is non-cash in nature. The special subcommittee determined that these errors were the result of date selection methods, internal control deficiencies and the misapplication of technical accounting provisions. The special subcommittee did not find that these errors were the result of fraud, self-interest on the part of management or members of the Board of Directors or intent to misstate the Companys financial statements.
The Company believes that the impact of the above referenced error is immaterial to all prior periods. However, the cumulative amount would be material to the current year if corrected in the current year and, therefore, the Company restated its prior year financial statements, as applicable. The effect of this restatement on the years 2004 and 2005 was approximately $3.3 million and $4.9 million, respectively, representing an estimated percentage to after-tax net income of 0.9% and 1.0%, respectively. See Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial StatementsRestatement of Consolidated Financial Statements for details of the impact of this restatement on the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004. All amounts impacted by the aforementioned restatement are properly restated below.
OverviewA substantial portion of the revenues for the Companys title insurance and services and mortgage information segments result from resales and refinancings of residential real estate and, to a lesser extent, from commercial transactions and the construction and sale of new housing. Over one-half of the revenues in the Companys property information segment and in excess of 20.0% of the revenues from the Companys First Advantage segment also depend on real estate activity. The remaining portion of the property information and First Advantage segments revenues, as well as the revenues of the Companys specialty insurance segment, are isolated from the volatility of real estate transactions. Traditionally, the greatest volume of real estate activity, particularly residential resale, has occurred in the spring and summer months. However, changes in interest rates, as well as other economic factors, can cause fluctuations in the traditional pattern of real estate activity.
Total operating revenues for the Company increased in 2006 compared with 2005, despite a decline in mortgage originations, primarily as a result of acquisition activity and organic growth at the Companys specialty insurance, property information and First Advantage segments. Operating revenues in 2005 also increased when compared with 2004 primarily as a result of a relatively strong resale and commercial real estate market, an increase in the average revenues per order closed in the Companys title business as well as acquisition activity. Operating revenues in 2004 increased from 2003 primarily due to new acquisitions, declining mortgage interest rates in the second half of the year and an increase in the average revenues per title order closed.
In September 2005, the Company contributed its Credit Information Group to First Advantage, a publicly traded subsidiary of the Company. These two segments have been combined into the First Advantage segment. This presentation is consistent with the way management evaluates the operations of these businesses. In 2005, the Company changed the presentation of the financial results for its operating segments to include inter-segment revenues and expenses. The inter-segment revenues and expenses are reflected in the applicable segments and eliminated in an eliminations line.
27
Operating revenuesA summary by segment of the Companys operating revenues is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||
Financial Services: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Direct operations |
$ | 3,066,063 | 37 | $ | 3,017,050 | 38 | $ | 2,540,145 | 39 | ||||||||||
Agency operations |
2,995,241 | 36 | 2,857,881 | 36 | 2,245,891 | 34 | |||||||||||||
6,061,304 | 73 | 5,874,931 | 74 | 4,786,036 | 73 | ||||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
309,261 | 4 | 275,207 | 4 | 220,340 | 3 | |||||||||||||
6,370,565 | 77 | 6,150,138 | 78 | 5,006,376 | 76 | ||||||||||||||
Information Technology: |
|||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
525,066 | 7 | 584,344 | 7 | 653,562 | 10 | |||||||||||||
Property Information |
599,638 | 7 | 511,852 | 7 | 417,758 | 6 | |||||||||||||
First Advantage |
814,914 | 10 | 637,411 | 8 | 509,092 | 8 | |||||||||||||
1,939,618 | 24 | 1,733,607 | 22 | 1,580,412 | 24 | ||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(65,879 | ) | (1 | ) | (24,674 | ) | | (16,042 | ) | | |||||||||
$ | 8,244,304 | 100 | $ | 7,859,071 | 100 | $ | 6,570,746 | 100 | |||||||||||
Financial Services. Operating revenues from direct title operations increased 1.6% in 2006 over 2005 and 18.8% in 2005 over 2004. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was primarily due to an increase in the average revenues per order closed, offset in part by a decrease in the number of orders closed. The increase in 2005 over 2004 was primarily due to an increase in the average revenues per order closed, and to a lesser extent, an increase in the number of orders closed. The average revenues per order closed were $1,643, $1,496 and $1,331 for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These increases in average revenues per order closed were primarily due to a decrease in the mix of lower-premium refinance transactions and an increase in higher-premium resale and commercial transactions. The Companys direct title operations closed 1,865,700, 2,017,200 and 1,908,600 title orders during 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, a decrease of 7.5% in 2006 from 2005 and an increase of 5.7% in 2005 from 2004. The fluctuations in closings primarily reflected decreasing mortgage origination activity, balanced against market share gains that resulted from organic growth and acquisition activity. Operating revenues from agency title operations increased 4.8% in 2006 over 2005 and 27.2% in 2005 over 2004. These increases were primarily attributable to the same factors affecting direct title operations compounded by the inherent delay in the reporting of transactions by agents.
Total operating revenues for the title insurance segment (direct and agency operations) contributed by new acquisitions were $230.3 million, $376.4 million and $252.8 million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Specialty insurance operating revenues increased 12.4% in 2006 over 2005 and 24.9% in 2005 over 2004. These increases reflected continued geographic expansion at the Companys home warranty division as well as market share gains and premium increases at the Companys property and casualty insurance division.
Information Technology. Mortgage information operating revenues decreased 10.1% in 2006 over 2005 and 10.6% in 2005 over 2004. These decreases were primarily attributable to the declining mortgage origination volume in 2006 and 2005, as well as increases in the estimated servicing life of the tax service loan portfolio due to a slowdown in prepayment speeds, which resulted in the deferral of a larger portion of the tax service fee.
Total operating revenues for the mortgage information segment contributed by new acquisitions were $3.9 million, $23.3 million and $166.4 million for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Property information operating revenues increased 17.2% in 2006 over 2005 and 22.5% in 2005 over 2004. These increases primarily reflected $9.2 million and $34.7 million of operating revenues contributed by new
28
acquisitions for the respective periods and the continued growth in this segments less cyclical, subscription-based information businesses, offset in part by the reduction in mortgage originations.
First Advantage operating revenues increased 27.8% in 2006 over 2005 and 25.2% in 2005 over 2004. These increases were primarily attributable to $137.1 million and $87.4 million of operating revenues contributed by new acquisitions for the respective periods as well as organic growth.
Investment and other incomeInvestment and other income totaled $239.4 million, $210.3 million and $141.8 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, an increase of $29.1 million, or 13.8% in 2006 from 2005, and an increase of $68.5 million, or 48.3% in 2005 from 2004. These increases were primarily due to the growth in interest income resulting from increases in the average investment portfolio balance and higher yields. Offsetting in part the growth in interest income for 2006 was a 33.3% decrease in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates increased 16.3% in 2005 over 2004.
Gain on issuance of subsidiary stockGain on issuance of subsidiary stock totaled $9.3 million in 2006, $25.7 million in 2005 and $8.5 million in 2004. These amounts represent realized gains relating to the issuance of shares by the Companys publicly-traded subsidiary, First Advantage Corporation.
Net realized investment gains/lossesNet realized investment gains totaled $6.1 million in 2006, $9.7 million in 2005 and $1.3 million in 2004. The 2006 total included a realized gain of $7.0 million recognized by the Companys First Advantage segment relating to a follow on stock offering by DealerTrack Holdings, Inc., an entity partially owned by First Advantage, as well as a $3.0 million realized loss recognized at the Companys title insurance segment resulting from an asset write-down. The 2005 total included a realized gain of $9.5 million recognized by the First Advantage segment, relating to the completion of an initial public offering by DealerTrack Holdings, Inc.
Salaries and other personnel costsA summary by segment of the Companys salaries and other personnel costs is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% |
||||||||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Services: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 1,802,797 | 70 | $ | 1,728,518 | 71 | $ | 1,476,574 | 70 | ||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
61,502 | 3 | 56,205 | 2 | 45,660 | 2 | |||||||||||||||
1,864,299 | 73 | 1,784,723 | 73 | 1,522,234 | 72 | ||||||||||||||||
Information Technology: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
197,452 | 8 | 232,872 | 10 | 248,167 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
Property Information |
238,915 | 9 | 188,457 | 8 | 155,926 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
237,604 | 9 | 180,352 | 7 | 142,918 | 7 | |||||||||||||||
673,971 | 26 | 601,681 | 25 | 547,011 | 26 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
59,801 | 2 | 56,500 | 3 | 55,433 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(26,718 | ) | (1 | ) | (13,991 | ) | (1 | ) | (10,630 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 2,571,353 | 100 | $ | 2,428,913 | 100 | $ | 2,114,048 | 100 | |||||||||||||
Financial Services. The Companys title insurance segment comprises over 96% of total salaries and other personnel costs for the Financial Services group. The title insurance segment (primarily direct operations) is labor intensive; accordingly, a major variable expense component is salaries and other personnel costs. This expense component is affected by two competing factors: the need to monitor personnel changes to match the level of corresponding or anticipated new orders, and the need to provide quality service. In addition, this segments growth in operations that specialize in commercial, builder and lender title business has created ongoing fixed costs required to service accounts.
29
Title insurance personnel expenses increased 4.3% in 2006 over 2005 and 17.1% in 2005 over 2004. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was primarily due to $75.3 million of personnel costs associated with new acquisitions, offset in part by cost reductions in response to the decline in mortgage originations. The increase in 2005 over 2004 was primarily due to $105.1 million of personnel costs associated with new acquisitions as well as incremental costs incurred to service the increase in order volume. The Companys direct title operations opened 2,510,400, 2,700,000, and 2,518,600 orders in 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively, representing a decrease of 7.0% in 2006 over 2005 and an increase of 7.2% in 2005 over 2004. The decrease in orders in 2006 from 2005 was primarily due to the decline in mortgage originations, offset in part by market share growth that resulted from organic growth and acquisition activity. The increase in orders in 2005 over 2004 primarily reflected market share growth, offset in part by declining mortgage originations.
Information Technology. Personnel expenses in total for the Information Technology group increased 12.0% in 2006 over 2005 and 10.0% in 2005 over 2004. These increases were primarily due to $46.2 million and $65.5 million of personnel costs associated with new acquisitions for the respective periods, increased expenses incurred at the property information and First Advantage segments to service the increase in business volume, offset in part by a decline in expenses at the mortgage information segment related to the decrease in revenues.
Corporate. Corporate personnel expenses increased 5.8% in 2006 over 2005 and 1.9% in 2005 over 2004. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was primarily attributable to increases in certain employee benefit plans and share-based compensation expense, which was related to the adoption of SFAS 123R, offset in part by reduced bonus expense in response to the decrease in Companys profit. The increase in 2005 over 2004 also reflected increases in certain employee benefit plans, an increase in stock option expense and increased bonus expense.
Premiums retained by agentsA summary of agent retention and agent revenues is as follows:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
Agent retention |
$ | 2,393,348 | $ | 2,298,622 | $ | 1,815,771 | ||||||
Agent revenues |
$ | 2,995,241 | $ | 2,857,881 | $ | 2,245,891 | ||||||
% retained by agents |
79.9 | % | 80.4 | % | 80.8 | % | ||||||
The premium split between underwriter and agents is in accordance with their respective agency contracts and can vary from region to region due to divergencies in real estate closing practices, as well as rating structures. As a result, the percentage of title premiums retained by agents varies due to the geographical mix of revenues from agency operations.
30
Other operating expensesA summary by segment of the Companys other operating expenses is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% |
||||||||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Financial Services: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 1,087,138 | 56 | $ | 1,025,784 | 59 | $ | 927,161 | 60 | ||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
47,697 | 2 | 35,884 | 2 | 18,849 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
1,134,835 | 58 | 1,061,668 | 61 | 946,010 | 61 | ||||||||||||||||
Information Technology: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
175,890 | 9 | 172,867 | 10 | 184,584 | 12 | |||||||||||||||
Property Information |
188,098 | 10 | 172,380 | 10 | 132,766 | 9 | |||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
420,488 | 22 | 336,718 | 19 | 278,259 | 18 | |||||||||||||||
784,476 | 41 | 681,965 | 39 | 595,609 | 39 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
50,342 | 3 | 13,884 | 1 | 7,698 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(39,161 | ) | (2 | ) | (10,682 | ) | (1 | ) | (5,412 | ) | (1 | ) | |||||||||
$ | 1,930,492 | 100 | $ | 1,746,835 | 100 | $ | 1,543,905 | 100 | |||||||||||||
Financial Services. The Companys title insurance segment comprises over 95% of total other operating expenses for the Financial Services group. Title insurance other operating expenses (principally direct operations) increased 6.0% in 2006 over 2005 and 10.6% in 2005 over 2004. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was primarily due to $73.8 million of other operating expenses associated with new acquisitions, as well as a $20.4 million increase in litigation and regulatory charges, offset in part by cost reductions in response to the decrease in mortgage originations. Litigation and regulatory charges totaled $32.9 million in 2006, up from $12.5 million in 2005. The increase in 2005 over 2004 was primarily due to $87.7 million of other operating expenses associated with new acquisitions as well as $12.5 million in charges incurred in connection with litigation and regulatory matters.
Information Technology. Other operating expenses for the Information Technology group increased 15.0% in 2006 over 2005 and 14.5% in 2005 over 2004. Excluding other operating expenses of $66.8 million and $62.6 million associated with new acquisitions for the respective periods, other operating expenses for the Information Technology group increased 5.2% in 2006 over 2005 and 4.0% in 2005 over 2004. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was primarily due to an increase in cost of service fees at the Companys First Advantage segment, primarily associated with the growth in the data services and dealer divisions, and an increase in appraiser fees at the Companys property information segment due primarily to the growth in the appraisal business. The increase in 2005 over 2004 was primarily due to $11.1 million of costs related to the Companys default division. These costs included expenses associated with relocating and consolidating operations, the write down of certain software and other related expenses. Also contributing to the increase in 2005 were $8.9 million in expenses incurred at the First Advantage segment primarily in connection with the Companys contribution of its credit information group to First Advantage.
Corporate. Corporate other operating expenses increased $36.5 million in 2006 over 2005 and $6.2 million in 2005 over 2004. These increases reflected higher general costs, primarily consulting and professional fees, associated with the support effort needed to service the Companys national and international operations. The increase in 2006 over 2005 was also due to increased technology costs as well as expenses incurred in connection with the Companys review of its historical stock option granting practices.
31
Provision for title losses and other claimsA summary by segment of the Companys provision for title losses and other claims is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 482,567 | 73 | $ | 288,713 | 63 | $ | 198,295 | 57 | ||||||
Specialty Insurance: |
|||||||||||||||
Home Warranty |
95,238 | 15 | 90,175 | 20 | 70,562 | 20 | |||||||||
Property and Casualty Insurance |
59,568 | 9 | 52,442 | 11 | 52,087 | 15 | |||||||||
154,806 | 24 | 142,617 | 31 | 122,649 | 35 | ||||||||||
All other segments |
19,574 | 3 | 25,700 | 6 | 28,674 | 8 | |||||||||
$ | 656,947 | 100 | $ | 457,030 | 100 | $ | 349,618 | 100 | |||||||
The provision for title insurance losses, expressed as a percentage of title insurance operating revenues, was 8.0% in 2006, 4.9% in 2005 and 4.1% in 2004. The increase in rate for 2006 was primarily due to a $155.0 million reserve strengthening adjustment recorded in the second quarter of 2006. This adjustment reflects a change in estimate for ultimate losses expected primarily from policy years 2002 through 2005. The change in estimate resulted primarily from higher than expected claims frequency experienced for those policy years during the first half of 2006, and included in the mid-year actuarial analysis performed by the Companys independent actuaries. In addition, given the increase in short and long term interest rates during the first half of 2006, as well as the resulting increase in fixed and adjustable mortgage rates, the Companys management believes that claims development patterns for policy years 2003 through 2005 may extend. Given the increase in claims frequency that became apparent during the period and the potential extension of claims development patterns, management has placed greater weight on the historical claim payment patterns (which do not fully reflect the potential impact of refinance activity) in determining the appropriate IBNR reserve. Management continues to believe that some adjustment to historical claim development patterns is appropriate to make to policy years 2002 through 2005, however, management has lowered the degree of the adjustment during the period given the factors described above. The increased rate for 2005 primarily reflected the claims intensity of policy years 2005 and 2004. The Company started 2005 with a rate of 4.1% that was applied to title insurance operating revenues for the first and second quarters of 2005. Effective July 1, 2005, the Company increased the loss provision rate to 5.0% to reflect an increase in claims intensity. During the fourth quarter 2005, the Company increased the rate to 6.2% as a result of a further increase in claims intensity, ending the year with an average annual rate of 5.0%.
The provision for home warranty claims, expressed as a percentage of home warranty operating revenues, was 50.5% in 2006, 51.7% in 2005, and 49.0% in 2004. This decreased rate in 2006 from 2005 was primarily due to a reduction in the average number of claims incurred per contract as well as contract price increases. The increased rate in 2005 over 2004 primarily reflected an increase in the average cost per claim due to geographic expansion.
The provision for property and casualty insurance claims, expressed as a percentage of property and casualty insurance operating revenues, was 49.4% in 2006, 52.0% in 2005, and 68.4% in 2004. These decreases in provisioning rates were primarily due to improved claims activity. Specifically, the 2004 rate reflected high claims associated with the Florida hurricanes, and the 2005 rate, although an improvement from the 2004 rate, reflected high claims activity which resulted from the heavy rains in Southern California experienced during the first quarter of 2005.
32
Activity in the reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims is summarized as follows:
December 31 | ||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 671,054 | $ | 526,516 | $ | 435,852 | ||||
Provision related to: |
||||||||||
Current year |
449,131 | 409,940 | 345,066 | |||||||
Prior years |
207,816 | 47,090 | 4,552 | |||||||
656,947 | 457,030 | 349,618 | ||||||||
Payments related to: |
||||||||||
Current year |
217,327 | 231,632 | 162,729 | |||||||
Prior years |
173,459 | 132,564 | 105,559 | |||||||
390,786 | 364,196 | 268,288 | ||||||||
Other |
(226 | ) | 51,704 | 9,334 | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 936,989 | $ | 671,054 | $ | 526,516 | ||||
Other primarily represents reclassifications to the reserve for assets acquired in connection with claim settlements and purchase accounting adjustments related to company acquisitions. Included in Other for 2005 were $48.6 million in purchase accounting adjustments related to acquisitions in the title insurance and services segment. Claims activity associated with reinsurance is not material and, therefore, not presented separately. Current year payments include $174.0 million, $169.0 million and $143.1 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, that relate to the Companys non-title insurance operations.
Depreciation and amortizationDepreciation and amortization increased 31.4% in 2006 over 2005 and 22.1% in 2005 over 2004. These increases were primarily due to an increase in the amortization of intangibles as a result of acquisition activity and an increase in the amortization of capitalized data and software as a result of new capital expenditures. Depreciation and amortization, as well as capital expenditures for each of the Companys segments, are summarized in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements.
Premium taxesA summary by pertinent segment of the Companys premium taxes is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% | ||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | |||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 66,607 | 93 | $ | 59,269 | 92 | $ | 47,662 | 90 | ||||||
Specialty Insurance |
5,152 | 7 | 4,924 | 8 | 5,273 | 10 | |||||||||
$ | 71,759 | 100 | $ | 64,193 | 100 | $ | 52,935 | 100 | |||||||
Insurers generally are not subject to state income or franchise taxes. However, in lieu thereof, a premium tax is imposed on certain operating revenues, as defined by statute. Tax rates and bases vary from state to state; accordingly, the total premium tax burden is dependent upon the geographical mix of operating revenues. The Companys underwritten title company (noninsurance) subsidiaries are subject to state income tax and do not pay premium tax. Accordingly, the Companys total tax burden at the state level for the title insurance segment is composed of a combination of premium taxes and state income taxes. Premium taxes as a percentage of title insurance operating revenues remained relatively constant at approximately 1.0%.
InterestInterest expense increased $17.4 million, or 32.2% in 2006 over 2005 and $9.9 million, or 22.6% in 2005 over 2004. These increases were primarily due to an increase in acquisition-related indebtedness as well as higher interest rates.
33
Income before income taxes and minority interestsA summary by segment is as follows:
2006 |
% |
2005 |
% |
2004 |
% | |||||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | |||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financial Services: |
||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 301,160 | 40 | $ | 540,851 | 55 | $ | 354,654 | 46 | |||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
56,406 | 8 | 47,557 | 5 | 39,035 | 5 | ||||||||||||
357,566 | 48 | 588,408 | 60 | 393,689 | 51 | |||||||||||||
Information Technology: |
||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
123,662 | 16 | 140,884 | 14 | 174,338 | 23 | ||||||||||||
Property Information |
151,904 | 20 | 151,167 | 15 | 126,024 | 16 | ||||||||||||
First Advantage |
117,248 | 16 | 103,549 | 11 | 72,841 | 10 | ||||||||||||
392,814 | 52 | 395,600 | 40 | 373,203 | 49 | |||||||||||||
750,380 | 100 | 984,008 | 100 | 766,892 | 100 | |||||||||||||
Corporate |
(153,477 | ) | (86,266 | ) | (93,860 | ) | ||||||||||||
$ | 596,903 | $ | 897,742 | $ | 673,032 | |||||||||||||
In general, the title insurance business is a lower profit margin business when compared to the Companys other segments. The lower profit margins reflect the high cost of producing title evidence whereas the corresponding revenues are subject to regulatory and competitive pricing restraints. Due to this relatively high proportion of fixed costs, title insurance profit margins generally improve as closed order volumes increase. Title insurance profit margins are affected by the composition (residential or commercial) and type (resale, refinancing or new construction) of real estate activity. In addition, profit margins from refinance transactions are affected by whether they are centrally processed or locally processed. Profit margins from resale, new construction and centrally processed refinance transactions are generally higher than from locally processed refinancing transactions because in many states there are premium discounts on, and cancellation rates are higher for, refinance transactions. Title insurance profit margins are also affected by the percentage of operating revenues generated by agency operations. Profit margins from direct operations are generally higher than from agency operations due primarily to the large portion of the premium that is retained by the agent. Most of the businesses included in the Information Technology group are database intensive, with a relatively high proportion of fixed costs. As such, profit margins generally improve as revenues increase. Revenues for the mortgage information segment, like the title insurance segment, are primarily dependent on the level of real estate activity and the cost and availability of mortgage funds. Revenues for the property information segment are, in part, dependent on real estate activity, but are less cyclical than title insurance and mortgage information revenues as a result of a significant subscription-based revenue stream, new product innovation, expanding secondary market applications and an increase in non-mortgage related customers. Most of the revenues for the First Advantage segment are unaffected by real estate activity, with the exception of the lender business, which is dependent on real estate activity.
Commencing in the second quarter of 2006, the Company began allocating certain expenses which had previously been reported as corporate expenses to the title insurance, specialty insurance, mortgage information and property information segments. These expenses include costs associated primarily with supplemental executive retirement plans, stock option expense and certain general expenses. The expenses associated with the supplemental retirement plan and the stock option plan were allocated to each segment based on actual costs. The allocation of certain general expenses was made to the title insurance and specialty insurance segments based on their proportionate contribution to net operating revenues (operating revenues less agent retention, if applicable). Specifically, those segments were allocated expenses associated with the supplemental executive retirement plans, stock option plan and an additional amount equal to 1.0% of their respective net operating revenues. The mortgage information and property information segments had been receiving corporate expense allocations in an
34
amount equal to 1.0% of their respective net operating revenues; therefore, no additional allocation was made to them. All periods presented above consistently reflect the new allocation policy.
Income taxesThe Companys effective income tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of pretax income after minority interest expense), was 43.3% for 2006, 40.2% for 2005 and 41.2% for 2004. The effective income tax rate includes a provision for state income and franchise taxes for noninsurance subsidiaries. The difference in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the $155 million reserve adjustment recorded in the second quarter of 2006, for which a corresponding tax benefit was recognized at 36%, as well as changes in the ratio of permanent differences to income before income taxes and minority interests and changes in state income and franchise taxes resulting from fluctuations in the Companys noninsurance subsidiaries contribution to pretax profits. Information regarding items included in the reconciliation of the effective rate with the federal statutory rate is contained in Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements.
Minority interestsMinority interests in net income of consolidated subsidiaries decreased $4.7 million in 2006 from 2005 and increased $8.9 million in 2005 over 2004. These changes were primarily due to the fluctuations in the operating results of FARES, which includes certain companies in the Companys mortgage information, property information and First Advantage segments.
Net incomeNet income and per share information are summarized as follows (see Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements):
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | |||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | ||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | |||||||||
Net income |
$ | 287,676 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 345,847 | |||
Per share of common stock: |
|||||||||
Net income: |
|||||||||
Basic |
$ | 2.99 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.00 | |||
Diluted |
$ | 2.92 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.80 | |||
Weighted-average shares: |
|||||||||
Basic |
96,206 | 94,351 | 86,430 | ||||||
Diluted |
98,653 | 97,691 | 91,669 | ||||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Cash provided by operating activities amounted to $612.1 million, $926.6 million, and $678.9 million for 2006, 2005, and 2004, respectively, after net claim payments of $382.5 million, $373.0 million, and $268.0 million, respectively. The principal nonoperating uses of cash and cash equivalents for the three-year period ended December 31, 2006, were for company acquisitions, additions to the investment portfolio, capital expenditures, dividends, distributions to minority shareholders, the repayment of debt and the repurchase of Company shares. The most significant nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents were proceeds from the issuance of notes and capital lease, and proceeds from the sales and maturities of certain investments. The net effect of all activities on total cash and cash equivalents was a decrease of $156.3 million for 2006, and increases of $224.5 million for 2005 and $168.8 million for 2004.
Notes and contracts payable, as a percentage of total capitalization, were 20.3% as of December 31, 2006, as compared with 21.5% as of the prior year-end. This decrease was primarily attributable to net income for the year, offset in part by a decrease in the equity base as a result of the comprehensive loss associated with the Companys debt and equity securities portfolio and pension plans. Notes and contracts payable are more fully described in Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements.
35
In November 2005, the Company amended and restated its $500.0 million credit agreement that was originally entered into in August 2004. The November 2005 amendment and restatement extended the expiration date to November 2010 and permitted the Company to increase the credit amount to $750.0 million under certain circumstances. Under the amended and restated credit agreement the Company is required to maintain certain minimum levels of capital and earnings and meet predetermined debt-to-capitalization ratios. On August 11, 2006, the Company obtained a waiver from the lenders under the amended and restated credit agreement waiving the breach created by the Companys inability to timely file its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006, due to the ongoing review of the Companys stock option program. On November 3, 2006, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 and Waiver with the lenders, extending the waiver referred to above with respect to the then outstanding quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30, 2006, which were later filed on January 8, 2007, prior to the expiration of the waiver. The line of credit was unused at December 31, 2006. The Companys publicly traded subsidiary, First Advantage Corporation has one bank credit agreement. This agreement provides for a $225.0 million revolving line of credit and is collateralized by the stock of First Advantages subsidiaries. Under the terms of the credit agreement, First Advantage Corporation is required to satisfy certain financial requirements. The line of credit remains in effect until September 2010 and had a balance due of $150.0 million at December 31, 2006.
On February 2, 2007, the Companys joint venture with Experian, FARES, entered into a Credit Agreement with Wells Fargo Bank, whereby FARES borrowed $100 million for the purpose of consummating a business merger. The Company guaranteed repayment of the loan pursuant to a Continuing Guaranty, dated as of February 2, 2007, between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, NA. The business merger involved the Companys First American Real Estate Solutions (RES) division, a part of its FARES subsidiary, and Sacramento, Calif.-based CoreLogic Systems, Inc., a leading provider of mortgage risk assessment and fraud prevention solutions. The merger resulted in a new, combined company, majority owned by FARES. FARES owns approximately 82 percent of the economic interests of the combined company through the ownership of high vote Class B shares. CoreLogics stockholders own approximately 18 percent of the economic interests of the combined company through the ownership of Class A shares. In addition to the Class A shares, CoreLogics stockholders received cash consideration of $100 million. To finance the cash consideration, FARES has made a loan of $100 million to the combined company.
On December 31, 2004, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for certain equipment and software. The transaction totaled $122.0 million and was accounted for as a capital lease in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
In July 2004, the Company sold unsecured debt securities in the aggregate principal amount of $150.0 million. These securities, which bear interest at 5.7%, are due August 2014. The Company used the proceeds from the sale of the securities for general corporate purposes.
In the first quarter of 2004, the Company began the expansion of its office campus. This expansion was completed in the fourth quarter of 2005 with the addition of two four-story office buildings totaling approximately 226,000 square feet, a two-story, free standing, 52,000 square foot technology center and a two-story parking structure, bringing the total square footage of the Companys campus at MacArthur Place to approximately 490,000 square feet. The two new office buildings are occupied primarily by the Companys property information segment and trust company. The expansion was paid for with internally generated funds.
Off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations. The Company administers escrow and trust deposits as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $8.7 billion and $6.2 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, of which $755.4 million and $639.9 million were held at the Companys trust company and thrift company. The escrow deposits held at the Companys trust company and thrift company are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions. Trust deposits totaled $3.3 billion and $3.0 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and were held at the Companys trust company. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial
36
institutions and trust deposits are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.
In addition, the Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of such exchange the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company for the purpose of completing such transactions totaled $2.0 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Though the Company is the legal and beneficial owner of such proceeds and property, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company for accounting purposes and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company remains contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the return on the proceeds.
A summary, by due date, of the Companys total contractual obligations at December 31, 2006, is as follows:
Notes and contracts payable |
Interest on notes and contracts payable |
Operating leases |
Claim losses |
Deferrable interest subordinated notes |
Total | |||||||||||||
2007 |
$ | 149,936 | $ | 57,717 | $ | 230,981 | $ | 246,412 | | $ | 685,046 | |||||||
2008 |
131,263 | 50,626 | 173,973 | 139,673 | | 495,535 | ||||||||||||
2009 |
59,338 | 45,351 | 119,668 | 116,091 | | 340,448 | ||||||||||||
2010 |
192,024 | 37,687 | 76,164 | 83,386 | | 389,261 | ||||||||||||
2011 |
18,676 | 27,813 | 52,719 | 62,788 | | 161,996 | ||||||||||||
Later years |
296,754 | 177,366 | 126,337 | 288,639 | $ | 100,000 | 989,096 | |||||||||||
$ | 847,991 | $ | 396,560 | $ | 779,842 | $ | 936,989 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 3,061,382 | |||||||
The timing of claim payments are estimated and are not set contractually. Nonetheless, based on historical claims experience, we anticipate the above payment patterns. Changes in future claim settlement patterns, judicial decisions, legislation, economic conditions and other factors could affect the timing and amount of actual claim payments.
Pursuant to various insurance and other regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the Company in 2007 from its insurance subsidiaries is $285.7 million. Such restrictions have not had, nor are they expected to have, an impact on the Companys ability to meet its cash obligations. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.
Due to the Companys significant liquid-asset position and its consistent ability to generate cash flows from operations, management believes that its resources are sufficient to satisfy its anticipated operational cash requirements.
37
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The Companys primary exposure to market risk relates to interest rate risk associated with certain financial instruments. The Company monitors its risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates and makes investment decisions to manage the perceived risk. However, it does not currently use derivative financial instruments in any material amount to hedge these risks. The table below provides information about certain assets and liabilities that are sensitive to changes in interest rates and presents cash flows and the related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates. The Company is also subject to equity price risk as related to its equity securities. At December 31, 2006, the Company had equity securities with a book value of $52.8 million and fair value of $54.0 million. Although the Company has exchange rate risk for its operations in certain foreign countries, these operations, in the aggregate, are not material to the Companys financial condition or results of operations.
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 |
Thereafter |
Total |
Fair Value |
||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands except percentages) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deposits with Savings and Loans |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 111,875 | $ | 111,875 | $ | 111,875 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
2.72 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Debt Securities |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 99,469 | 58,725 | 86,718 | 60,356 | 56,500 | 832,227 | $ | 1,193,995 | $ | 1,185,915 | ||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
5.32 | % | 5.30 | % | 4.88 | % | 4.93 | % | 5.31 | % | 5.44 | % | 99.3 | % | |||||||||||||
Loans Receivable |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 916 | 255 | 304 | 4 | 3,102 | 97,060 | $ | 101,641 | $ | 98,837 | ||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
6.55 | % | 9.00 | % | 6.86 | % | 8.75 | % | 8.47 | % | 7.56 | % | 97.2 | % | |||||||||||||
Liabilities |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest Bearing Escrow Deposits |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 229,908 | $ | 229,908 | $ | 229,908 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
2.53 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable Rate Demand Deposits |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 30,080 | $ | 30,080 | $ | 30,080 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
4.38 | % | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Demand Deposits |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 13,024 | 3,070 | 3,171 | 564 | 970 | $ | 20,799 | $ | 20,651 | |||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
4.59 | % | 4.29 | % | 4.71 | % | 4.65 | % | 5.33 | % | 99.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
Notes Payable |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 149,936 | 131,263 | 59,338 | 192,024 | 18,676 | 296,754 | $ | 847,991 | $ | 855,340 | ||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
5.84 | % | 7.31 | % | 4.38 | % | 6.57 | % | 6.15 | % | 6.36 | % | 100.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Deferrable Interest Subordinates Notes |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Book Value |
$ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | $ | 111,433 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Average Interest Rate |
8.50 | % | 111.4 | % |
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Separate financial statements for subsidiaries not consolidated and 50% or less owned persons accounted for by the equity method have been omitted because, if considered in the aggregate, they would not constitute a significant subsidiary.
38
Page No. | ||
40 | ||
Financial Statements: |
||
42 | ||
43 | ||
44 | ||
45 | ||
46 | ||
82 | ||
Financial Statement Schedules: |
||
I. Summary of InvestmentsOther than Investments in Related Parties |
83 | |
84 | ||
86 | ||
87 |
Financial statement schedules not listed are either omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.
39
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The First American Corporation:
We have completed integrated audits of The First American Corporations consolidated financial statements and of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Our opinions, based on our audits, are presented below.
Consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The First American Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedules are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedules based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit of financial statements includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has restated its 2005 and 2004 consolidated financial statements.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for stock-based compensation as of January 1, 2006 and the manner in which it accounts for defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans as of December 31, 2006.
Internal control over financial reporting
Also, in our opinion, managements assessment, included in Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A, that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on those criteria. Furthermore, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the COSO. The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on managements assessment and on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We conducted our audit of internal control over financial reporting in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. An audit of internal control over financial reporting includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting,
40
evaluating managements assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we consider necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LLP
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Orange County, California
March 1, 2007
41
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands)
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(as restated) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1,404,884 | $ | 1,561,144 | ||||
Accounts and accrued income receivable, less allowances ($62,467 and $67,473) |
557,957 | 486,933 | ||||||
Investments: |
||||||||
Deposits with savings and loan associations and banks |
111,875 | 90,383 | ||||||
Debt securities |
1,185,915 | 1,100,728 | ||||||
Equity securities |
53,988 | 47,101 | ||||||
Other long-term investments |
578,738 | 394,367 | ||||||
1,930,516 | 1,632,579 | |||||||
Loans receivable, net |
101,641 | 94,812 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
741,691 | 685,522 | ||||||
Title plants and other indexes |
585,794 | 539,083 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
43,890 | | ||||||
Goodwill |
2,307,384 | 2,092,612 | ||||||
Other intangible assets, net |
275,992 | 247,117 | ||||||
Other assets |
274,536 | 258,839 | ||||||
$ | 8,224,285 | $ | 7,598,641 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||
Demand deposits |
$ | 806,326 | $ | 693,175 | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
159,923 | 122,082 | ||||||
Salaries and other personnel costs |
286,771 | 303,894 | ||||||
Pension costs and other retirement plans |
352,957 | 308,809 | ||||||
Other |
245,495 | 293,108 | ||||||
1,045,146 | 1,027,893 | |||||||
Deferred revenue |
753,466 | 762,157 | ||||||
Reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims |
936,989 | 671,054 | ||||||
Income taxes payable |
20,265 | 17,386 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
| 13,009 | ||||||
Notes and contracts payable |
847,991 | 848,569 | ||||||
Deferrable interest subordinated notes |
100,000 | 100,000 | ||||||
4,510,183 | 4,133,243 | |||||||
Minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries |
512,049 | 459,665 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Stockholders equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $1 par value |
||||||||
Authorized500 shares; OutstandingNone |
||||||||
Common stock, $1 par value |
||||||||
Authorized180,000 shares; Outstanding 96,484 and 95,860 shares |
96,484 | 95,860 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
983,421 | 956,720 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
2,297,432 | 2,078,969 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(175,284 | ) | (125,816 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
3,202,053 | 3,005,733 | ||||||
$ | 8,224,285 | $ | 7,598,641 | |||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
42
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | |||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||
Operating revenues |
$ | 8,244,304 | $ | 7,859,071 | $ | 6,570,746 | ||||||
Investment and other income |
239,416 | 210,295 | 141,796 | |||||||||
Gain on stock issued by subsidiary |
9,290 | 25,658 | 8,472 | |||||||||
Net realized investment gains |
6,056 | 9,727 | 1,312 | |||||||||
8,499,066 | 8,104,751 | 6,722,326 | ||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||
Salaries and other personnel costs |
2,571,353 | 2,428,913 | 2,114,048 | |||||||||
Premiums retained by agents |
2,393,348 | 2,298,622 | 1,815,771 | |||||||||
Other operating expenses |
1,930,492 | 1,746,835 | 1,543,905 | |||||||||
Provision for title losses and other claims |
656,947 | 457,030 | 349,618 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
206,925 | 157,439 | 128,978 | |||||||||
Premium taxes |
71,759 | 64,193 | 52,935 | |||||||||
Interest |
71,339 | 53,977 | 44,039 | |||||||||
7,902,163 | 7,207,009 | 6,049,294 | ||||||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
596,903 | 897,742 | 673,032 | |||||||||
Income taxes |
220,100 | 323,500 | 242,200 | |||||||||
Income before minority interests |
376,803 | 574,242 | 430,832 | |||||||||
Minority interests |
89,127 | 93,862 | 84,985 | |||||||||
Net income |
287,676 | 480,380 | 345,847 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax: |
||||||||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities |
6,496 | (9,103 | ) | 997 | ||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
(8,827 | ) | (35,652 | ) | (19,202 | ) | ||||||
(2,331 | ) | (44,755 | ) | (18,205 | ) | |||||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 285,345 | $ | 435,625 | $ | 327,642 | ||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 2.99 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.00 | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 2.92 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.80 | ||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
96,206 | 94,351 | 86,430 | |||||||||
Diluted |
98,653 | 97,691 | 91,669 | |||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
43
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(in thousands)
Shares |
Common Stock |
Additional paid-in capital |
Retained earnings |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
Total |
||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003, as reported |
78,826 | $ | 78,826 | $ | 463,610 | $ | 1,399,940 | $ | (62,856 | ) | $ | 1,879,520 | |||||||||||
Adjustment for APB 25 expense |
| | 34,575 | (26,159 | ) | | 8,416 | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003, as restated |
78,826 | 78,826 | 498,185 | 1,373,781 | (62,856 | ) | 1,887,936 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income for 2004, as restated |
| | | 345,847 | | 345,847 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends on common shares |
| | | (52,403 | ) | | (52,403 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Purchase of Company shares |
(1,465 | ) | (1,465 | ) | (37,499 | ) | | | (38,964 | ) | |||||||||||||
Conversion of debt |
7,458 | 7,458 | 198,270 | | | 205,728 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with company acquisitions |
1,648 | 1,648 | 45,314 | | | 46,962 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with option, benefit and savings plans |
3,591 | 3,591 | 88,236 | | | 91,827 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustment for APB 25 expense |
| | 410 | | | 410 | |||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
| | | | (18,205 | ) | (18,205 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004, as restated |
90,058 | 90,058 | 792,916 | 1,667,225 | (81,061 | ) | 2,469,138 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income for 2005, as restated |
| | | 480,380 | | 480,380 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends on common shares |
| | | (68,636 | ) | | (68,636 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Purchase of Company shares |
(1,254 | ) | (1,254 | ) | (46,942 | ) | | | (48,196 | ) | |||||||||||||
Conversion of debt |
16 | 16 | 635 | | | 651 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with company acquisitions |
2,379 | 2,379 | 85,626 | | | 88,005 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with option, benefit and savings plans |
4,661 | 4,661 | 125,987 | | | 130,648 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustment for APB 25 expense |
| | (1,502 | ) | | | (1,502 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
| | | | (44,755 | ) | (44,755 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005, as restated |
95,860 | 95,860 | 956,720 | 2,078,969 | (125,816 | ) | 3,005,733 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income for 2006 |
| | | 287,676 | | 287,676 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends on common shares |
| | | (69,213 | ) | | (69,213 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Purchase of Company shares |
(1,158 | ) | (1,158 | ) | (45,360 | ) | | | (46,518 | ) | |||||||||||||
Conversion of debt |
467 | 467 | 13,548 | | | 14,015 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with company acquisitions |
833 | 833 | 31,910 | | | 32,743 | |||||||||||||||||
Shares issued in connection with option, benefit and savings plans |
482 | 482 | 11,868 | | | 12,350 | |||||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
| | 14,735 | | | 14,735 | |||||||||||||||||
Adjustment to initially apply SFAS 158, net of tax |
| | | | (47,137 | ) | (47,137 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss (Note 19) |
| | | | (2,331 | ) | (2,331 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
96,484 | $ | 96,484 | $ | 983,421 | $ | 2,297,432 | $ | (175,284 | ) | $ | 3,202,053 | |||||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
44
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | |||||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 287,676 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 345,847 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Provision for title losses and other claims |
656,947 | 457,030 | 349,618 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
206,925 | 157,439 | 128,978 | |||||||||
Minority interests in net income |
89,127 | 93,862 | 84,985 | |||||||||
Net realized investment gains |
(15,346 | ) | (35,385 | ) | (9,784 | ) | ||||||
Sharebased compensation |
25,654 | 2,144 | 2,834 | |||||||||
Other, net |
(44,534 | ) | (53,227 | ) | (53,045 | ) | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities excluding effects of company acquisitions and noncash transactions: |
||||||||||||
Claims paid, including assets acquired, net of recoveries |
(382,514 | ) | (372,969 | ) | (268,025 | ) | ||||||
Net change in income tax accounts |
(42,894 | ) | 153,273 | 83,075 | ||||||||
Increase in accounts and accrued income receivable |
(53,570 | ) | (7,666 | ) | (62,533 | ) | ||||||
(Decrease) increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(78,243 | ) | 27,823 | 21,792 | ||||||||
(Decrease) increase in deferred revenue |
(10,458 | ) | 20,501 | 5,613 | ||||||||
Other, net |
(26,627 | ) | 3,437 | 49,499 | ||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities |
612,143 | 926,642 | 678,854 | |||||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Net cash effect of company acquisitions/dispositions |
(261,589 | ) | (378,620 | ) | (329,652 | ) | ||||||
Net (increase) decrease in deposits with banks |
(19,417 | ) | 24,661 | (14,668 | ) | |||||||
Purchases of debt and equity securities |
(522,948 | ) | (609,468 | ) | (354,350 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sales of debt and equity securities |
227,706 | 55,977 | 97,414 | |||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of debt securities |
206,111 | 176,060 | 101,425 | |||||||||
Net (increase) decrease in other long-term investments |
(31,016 | ) | 63,776 | 8,611 | ||||||||
Origination and purchases of loans and participations |
(25,697 | ) | (29,401 | ) | (29,701 | ) | ||||||
Net decrease in loans receivable after originations and others |
18,868 | 35,930 | 33,588 | |||||||||
Capital expenditures |
(219,760 | ) | (200,856 | ) | (201,803 | ) | ||||||
Purchases of capitalized data |
(23,301 | ) | (21,216 | ) | (19,485 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |
5,328 | 11,055 | 7,741 | |||||||||
Cash used for investing activities |
(645,715 | ) | (872,102 | ) | (700,880 | ) | ||||||
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |
||||||||||||
Net change in demand deposits |
113,151 | 293,746 | 75,020 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of notes and capital lease |
105,808 | 187,081 | 325,933 | |||||||||
Repayment of debt |
(200,805 | ) | (201,955 | ) | (107,180 | ) | ||||||
Purchase of Company shares |
(46,518 | ) | (48,196 | ) | (38,964 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
5,779 | 45,316 | 27,509 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of stock to employee benefit plans |
5,684 | 8,942 | 6,993 | |||||||||
Contributions from minority shareholders |
7,926 | 10,700 | 12,100 | |||||||||
Distributions to minority shareholders |
(46,066 | ) | (60,773 | ) | (58,138 | ) | ||||||
Excess tax benefits from share-based compensation |
1,446 | | | |||||||||
Cash dividends |
(69,093 | ) | (64,900 | ) | (52,403 | ) | ||||||
Cash (used for) provided by financing activities |
(122,688 | ) | 169,961 | 190,870 | ||||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents |
(156,260 | ) | 224,501 | 168,844 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalentsBeginning of year |
1,561,144 | 1,336,643 | 1,167,799 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalentsEnd of year |
$ | 1,404,884 | $ | 1,561,144 | $ | 1,336,643 | ||||||
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid during the year for: |
||||||||||||
Interest |
$ | 69,467 | $ | 51,434 | $ | 41,679 | ||||||
Premium taxes |
$ | 68,428 | $ | 56,570 | $ | 59,335 | ||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 246,401 | $ | 193,174 | $ | 170,811 | ||||||
Noncash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Shares issued for benefits plans |
$ | | $ | 76,390 | $ | 57,325 | ||||||
Shares issued in repayment of convertible debt |
$ | 467 | $ | 651 | $ | 205,728 | ||||||
Company acquisitions in exchange for common stock |
$ | 32,743 | $ | 88,005 | $ | 46,962 | ||||||
Liabilities assumed in connection with company acquisitions |
$ | 125,622 | $ | 278,793 | $ | 202,084 |
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
45
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1. Description of the Company:
The First American Corporation, through its subsidiaries, is engaged in the business of providing business information and related products and services. The Company has five reporting segments that fall within two primary business groups, financial services and information technology. The financial services group includes the Companys title insurance and services segment and its specialty insurance segment. The title insurance and services segment issues residential and commercial title insurance policies, accommodates tax-deferred exchanges and provides escrow services, investment advisory services, trust, lending and deposit products and other related products and services. The specialty insurance segment issues property and casualty insurance policies and sells home warranty products. The Companys mortgage information, property information and First Advantage segments comprise its information technology group. The mortgage information segment offers real estate tax reporting and outsourcing, flood zone certification and monitoring, default management services, document preparation and other real estate-related services. The property information segment licenses and analyzes data relating to real property, offers risk management and collateral assessment analytics and provides database management and appraisal services. The First Advantage segment, which is comprised entirely of the Companys publicly traded First Advantage Corporation subsidiary, provides specialty credit reports to the mortgage lending and automotive lending industries, maintains a credit reporting agency which offers credit reports on subprime borrowers, and provides employment background screening, drug-free workplace programs and other occupational health services, employee assistance programs, hiring management solutions, payroll and human resource management, corporate tax and incentive services, resident screening, motor vehicle records, transportation business credit services, automotive lead generation services, investigative services, computer forensics and electronic discovery services, supply chain security and consumer location services.
Restatement of Consolidated Financial Statements:
On January 4, 2007, the Company announced that the special subcommittee of its Audit Committee completed its review of the Companys historical stock option granting practices and related tax and accounting matters. In the course of its four month review, the special subcommittee conducted an extensive investigation and evaluated all option grants made under the Companys 1996 Stock Option Plan, 1997 Directors Stock Plan and 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan. The special subcommittee determined that the Company used incorrect measurement dates for financial reporting purposes with respect to a number of stock option grants made between 1996 and 2006 and improperly accounted for the mispriced options under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and FAS 123R, Share-Based Payment. As a result, the cumulative impact to the Companys financial results over this period totaled approximately $35.7 million, the majority of which is noncash in nature. The special subcommittee determined that these errors were the result of date selection methods, internal control deficiencies and the misapplication of technical accounting provisions. The special subcommittee did not find that these errors were the result of fraud, self-interest on the part of management or members of the Board of Directors or intent to misstate the Companys financial statements.
The Company believes that the impact of the above referenced error is immaterial to all prior periods. However, the cumulative amount would be material to 2006 if corrected in the current year and, therefore, the Company has restated its prior year financial statements, as applicable. The effect of this restatement on the years 2004 and 2005 is a reduction in net income of approximately $3.3 million (0.9%) and $4.9 million (1.0%), respectively.
46
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The following tables set forth the effects of the restatement on certain line items within the Companys consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the twelve months ended December 31, 2005, and December 31, 2004:
Year Ended December 31 | ||||||||||||
2005 |
2004 | |||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||
(in thousands except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||
Salaries and other personnel costs |
$ | 2,426,769 | $ | 2,428,913 | $ | 2,111,215 | $ | 2,114,048 | ||||
Other operating expenses |
$ | 1,743,760 | $ | 1,746,835 | $ | 1,452,702 | $ | 1,543,905 | ||||
Interest |
$ | 53,310 | $ | 53,977 | $ | 43,823 | $ | 44,039 | ||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 903,628 | $ | 897,742 | $ | 677,284 | $ | 673,032 | ||||
Income taxes |
$ | 324,500 | $ | 323,500 | $ | 243,200 | $ | 242,200 | ||||
Income before minority interests |
$ | 579,128 | $ | 574,242 | $ | 434,084 | $ | 430,832 | ||||
Net income |
$ | 485,266 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 349,099 | $ | 345,847 | ||||
Comprehensive income |
$ | 440,511 | $ | 435,625 | $ | 330,894 | $ | 327,642 | ||||
Basic net income per share |
$ | 5.14 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 4.00 | ||||
Diluted net income per share |
$ | 4.97 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.83 | $ | 3.80 |
The following tables set forth the effects of the restatement on certain line items within the Companys consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2005, December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003:
As of December 31, 2005 |
As of December 31, 2004 |
As of December 31, 2003 | ||||||||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
$ | 923,237 | $ | 956,720 | $ | 757,931 | $ | 792,916 | $ | 463,610 | $ | 498,185 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
$ | 2,113,266 | $ | 2,078,969 | $ | 1,696,636 | $ | 1,667,225 | $ | 1,399,940 | $ | 1,373,781 | ||||||
Total stockholders equity |
$ | 3,006,547 | $ | 3,005,733 | $ | 2,463,564 | $ | 2,469,138 | $ | 1,879,520 | $ | 1,887,936 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
$ | 1,021,554 | $ | 1,027,893 | $ | 833,761 | $ | 886,358 | $ | 819,015 | $ | 820,193 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes receivable |
$ | | $ | | $ | 39,886 | $ | 48,057 | $ | 141,622 | $ | 151,216 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes payable |
$ | 18,534 | $ | 13,009 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
The restatement had an immaterial impact on the Companys consolidated statements of cash flows, which did not affect cash provided by (used in) operating activities, investing activities or financing activities for any prior period.
Significant Accounting Policies:
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The First American Corporation and all controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Equity investments in which the Company exercises significant influence, but does not control, and is not the primary beneficiary are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in which the Company does not exercise significant influence over the investee are accounted for under the cost method.
Certain 2004 and 2005 amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 presentation.
47
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Cash equivalents
The Company considers cash equivalents to be all short-term investments that have an initial maturity of 90 days or less and are not restricted for statutory deposit or premium reserve requirements. The carrying amount for cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments.
Investments
Deposits with savings and loan associations and banks are short-term investments with initial maturities of more than 90 days. The carrying amount of these investments is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short-term nature.
Debt securities are carried at fair value and consist primarily of investments in obligations of the United States Treasury, various corporations, certain state and political subdivisions and mortgage-backed securities.
Equity securities are carried at fair value and consist primarily of investments in marketable common stocks of corporate entities.
Other long-term investments consist primarily of investments in affiliates, which are accounted for under the equity method of accounting or the cost method of accounting, and notes receivable and other investments, which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell.
The Company classifies its debt and equity securities portfolio as available-for-sale. This portfolio is continually monitored for differences between the cost and estimated fair value of each security. If the Company believes that a decline in the value of a debt or equity security is temporary in nature, it records the decline as an unrealized loss in stockholders equity. If the decline is believed to be other than temporary, the debt or equity security is written down to fair value and a realized loss is recorded on the Companys statement of income. Managements assessment of a decline in value includes, among other things, its current judgment as to the financial position and future prospects of the entity that issued the security. If that judgment changes in the future, the Company may ultimately record a realized loss after having initially concluded that the decline in value was temporary.
Property and equipment
Property and equipment includes computer software acquired or developed for internal use and for use with the Companys products. Software development costs, which include capitalized interest costs and certain payroll-related costs of employees directly associated with developing software, in addition to incremental payments to third parties, are capitalized from the time technological feasibility is established until the software is ready for use.
Depreciation on buildings and on furniture and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 25 to 40 and 3 to 10 years, respectively. Capitalized software costs are amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years.
48
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Title plants and other indexes
Title plants and other indexes include the Companys title plants, flood zone databases and capitalized real estate data. Title plants and flood zone databases are carried at original cost, with the costs of daily maintenance (updating) charged to expense as incurred. Because properly maintained title plants and flood zone databases have indefinite lives and do not diminish in value with the passage of time, no provision has been made for depreciation or amortization. Capitalized real estate data, which is primarily used by the Companys property information segment, is amortized using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 5 to 15 years. Amortization expense for the capitalized real estate data was $11.8 million, $10.2 million and $8.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Company continually analyzes its title plant and other indexes for impairment. This analysis includes, but is not limited to, the effects of obsolescence, duplication, demand and other economic factors.
Assets acquired in connection with claim settlements
In connection with settlement of title insurance and other claims, the Company sometimes purchases mortgages, deeds of trust, real property or judgment liens. These assets, sometimes referred to as salvage assets, are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less costs to sell and are included in Other assets in the Companys consolidated balance sheets. The balance for these assets was $40.4 million and $49.0 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill is not amortized but is tested at least annually for impairment. The Company has selected September 30 as the annual valuation date to test goodwill for impairment. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005 no indications of impairment were identified.
Other intangible assets
The Companys intangible assets consist of covenants not to compete, customer lists, trademarks and licenses. Each of these intangible assets, excluding licenses, are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives ranging from 2 to 20 years and are subject to impairment tests on a periodic basis. Licenses are an intangible asset with an indefinite life and are therefore not amortized but rather tested annually for impairment by comparing the fair value of the license with its carrying value. The carrying value for licenses as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 is $17.7 million.
The Company has determined that its flood zone certification database, which is included in Title plants and other indexes, is an intangible asset with an indefinite life. Accordingly, this asset is not amortized but rather tested annually for impairment by comparing the fair value of the database with its carrying value. The carrying value for the flood zone certification database as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 is $52.9 million.
Impairment of long-lived assets and loans receivable
Management uses estimated expected future cash flows (undiscounted and excluding interest costs) to measure the recoverability of long-lived assets held and used whenever events or circumstances indicate that such a measurement be made. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, no indications of impairment were identified. In addition, the Company carries long-lived assets held for sale at the lower of cost or market as of the date that certain criteria have been met. As of December 31, 2006 and 2005, no long-lived assets were classified as held for sale.
49
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Loans receivable are impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans receivable are measured at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loans effective interest rate. As a practical expedient, the loan may be valued based on its observable market price or the fair value of the collateral, if the loan is collateral-dependent. No indications of impairment of loans receivable were identified during the three-year period ended December 31, 2006.
Reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims
The Company provides for estimated title insurance losses by a charge to expense when the related premium revenue is recognized. The amount charged to expense is generally determined by applying a rate (the loss provision rate) to total title insurance operating revenues. The Companys management estimates the loss provision rate at the beginning of each year and reassesses the rate quarterly to ensure that the resulting incurred but not reported (IBNR) loss reserve included in the Companys consolidated balance sheets reflects managements best estimate of the total costs required to settle all IBNR claims.
To estimate and reassess the loss provision rate and the resulting IBNR reserve, the Companys management uses a two-step process. First, it conducts its own assessment of projected losses by reviewing its historical claims experience and consulting with its in-house claims and operations personnel. This analysis tends to be historical in nature as influenced by recent claims experience. It then studies current economic and business trends, including, among others, changes in technology (primarily impacting the effectiveness of title searching), changes in the average revenue generated per title policy issued, changes in the types of policies issued, changes in the types of real estate transactions, changes in the average life of a mortgage due to refinance activity and changes in the frequency of turnover of properties.
The second step of the process is to use a third party actuary. Generally, twice a year, the actuary identifies a range of reserve estimates for IBNR, a single point estimate for IBNR, as well as loss rates that reflect the total projected ultimate loss by policy year as a percentage of that years title insurance operating revenues. The actuarial report is primarily based on the companys historical claim payment and incurred loss patterns. It does not fully reflect current trends (such those described above) that may impact future claims development.
The Companys management combines the single point estimate of the projected IBNR from the actuarial report with the results obtained from its assessment of projected losses (step one above) to determine what it considers to be the best estimate of the total amount required to settle all IBNR claims.
Title insurance policies are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported to the Company within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70 to 75 percent of claims become known in the five first years of the policy life. Therefore, the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the five most recent policy years. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for policy years older than five years is not considered reasonably likely by the Company. However, changes in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years is considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, the Company believes that a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for the most recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. For example, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last five policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $121.2 million. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be inaccurate and actual claims experience may vary from the expected claims experience.
50
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Company provides for property and casualty insurance losses when the insured event occurs. The Company provides for claims losses relating to its home warranty business based on the average cost per claim as applied to the total of new claims incurred. The average cost per home warranty claim is calculated using the average of the most recent 12 months of claims experience.
Operating revenues
Financial Services GroupTitle premiums on policies issued directly by the Company are recognized on the effective date of the title policy and escrow fees are recorded upon close of the escrow. Revenues from title policies issued by independent agents are recorded when notice of issuance is received from the agent, which is generally when cash payment is received by the Company.
Revenues from home warranty contracts are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the contracts. Revenues from property and casualty insurance policies are recognized ratably over the 12-month duration of the policies.
Interest on loans with the Companys thrift subsidiary is recognized on the outstanding principal balance on the accrual basis. Loan origination fees and related direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. Revenues earned by the other products in the trust and banking operations of the Company are recognized at the time of delivery, as the Company has no significant ongoing obligation after delivery.
Information Technology GroupThe Companys tax service division defers the tax service fee and recognizes that fee as revenue ratably over the expected service period. The amortization rates applied to recognize the revenues assume a 10-year contract life and are adjusted to reflect prepayments. The Company reviews its tax service contract portfolio quarterly to determine if there have been changes in contract lives and/or changes in the number and/or timing of prepayments. Accordingly, the Company may adjust the rates to reflect current trends. Revenues earned by most other products in the Information Technology group are recognized at the time of delivery, as the Company has no significant ongoing obligation after delivery.
Premium taxes
Title insurance, property and casualty insurance and home warranty companies, like other types of insurers, are generally not subject to state income or franchise taxes. However, in lieu thereof, most states impose a tax based primarily on insurance premiums written. This premium tax is reported as a separate line item in the consolidated statements of income in order to provide a more meaningful disclosure of the taxation of the Company.
Income taxes
Taxes are based on income for financial reporting purposes and include deferred taxes applicable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amount and the tax basis of certain of the Companys assets and liabilities.
Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share are computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that net income is increased by the effect of interest
51
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
expense, net of tax, on the Companys convertible debt; and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive stock options had been exercised and the debt had been converted.
Stock-based compensation
Had the Company determined compensation cost based on the fair value for its stock options at grant date, net income and earnings per share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts as follows:
Year ended December 31 |
||||||||||||||||
2005 |
2005 |
2004 |
2004 |
|||||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||
Net income: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 485,266 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 349,099 | $ | 345,847 | ||||||||
Add: APB No. 25 compensation recognized, net of tax |
| 1,344 | | 1,834 | ||||||||||||
Less: stock based compensation expense, net of tax |
(7,439 | ) | (12,959 | ) | (6,779 | ) | (11,331 | ) | ||||||||
Pro forma |
$ | 477,827 | $ | 468,765 | $ | 342,320 | $ | 336,350 | ||||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 5.14 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 4.00 | ||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 4.97 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.83 | $ | 3.80 | ||||||||
Pro forma: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 5.06 | $ | 4.97 | $ | 3.96 | $ | 3.89 | ||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 4.89 | $ | 4.80 | $ | 3.75 | $ | 3.69 |
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R). This standard is a revision of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation and supersedes Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees and its related implementation guidance. The company had previously applied Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (APB 25) and related interpretations and provided the required pro forma disclosures of SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation (SFAS 123). Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123R, which establishes standards for share-based awards for employee services. SFAS 123R has two transition method applications to choose from and the Company selected the modified-prospective method, under which prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. SFAS 123R focuses primarily on accounting for transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment transactions. The standard requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). The cost will be recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award. In accordance with the modified-prospective method, the Company will continue to use the same valuation method (Black-Scholes option-pricing model) currently used for its pro forma disclosures for all unvested options as of December 31, 2005. The Company has selected the binomial lattice option-pricing model to estimate the fair value for any options granted after December 31, 2005. In conjunction with the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company changed the method of attributing the value of stock-based compensation expense from the accelerated multiple-option method to the straight-line single option method. Compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted prior to January 1, 2006, will continue to be recognized using the accelerated
52
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
multiple-option approach, while compensation expense for all stock-based awards granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, will be recognized using the straight-line single option method. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the results is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Prior to 2006, forfeitures were recognized as they occurred. Share-based compensation expense included in salaries and other personnel costs recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, was $25.7 million, $13.1 million after tax and minority interest expense or $0.13 per diluted share. This amount includes expense for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, as well as share-based awards granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006. In addition to stock options, the Company has an employee stock purchase plan that allows eligible employees to purchase common stock of the Company at 85.0% of the closing price on the last day of each month. Under the provisions of SFAS 123R, the Company recognizes an expense in the amount equal to the discount. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, the amount of the discount was $1.0 million. This amount is included in the share-based compensation amount mentioned above.
Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company accounted for stock-based awards to employees and directors using the intrinsic value method in accordance with APB 25 as allowed under SFAS 123. Under APB 25, compensation cost is measured as of the date the number of shares and exercise price become fixed. The terms of the award are generally fixed on the date of grant, requiring the stock option to be accounted for as a fixed award. Compensation expense was measured as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the Companys stock at the date of grant over the exercise price of the stock option granted. Under APB 25, compensation cost for stock options was recognized over the vesting period.
Risk of real estate market
Real estate activity is cyclical in nature and is affected greatly by the cost and availability of long-term mortgage funds. Real estate activity and, in turn, the majority of the Companys revenues can be adversely affected during periods of high interest rates and/or limited money supply.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the statements. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.
Escrow and trust deposits
The Company administers escrow and trust deposits as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $8.7 billion and $6.2 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, of which $755.4 million and $639.9 million were held at the Companys Trust Company and the Thrift. The escrow deposits held at the Companys Trust Company and Thrift are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, with $143.5 million and $75.6 million included in cash and cash equivalents and $611.9 million and $564.3 million included in debt securities at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third party financial institutions. Trust deposits totaled $3.3 billion and $3.0 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and were held at the Companys Trust Company. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions and trust deposits are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company remains contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.
53
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Like-kind exchanges
In addition, the Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of such exchange the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company for the purpose of completing such transactions totaled $2.0 billion and $2.6 billion at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Though the Company is the legal and beneficial owner of such proceeds and property, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company for accounting purposes and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company remains contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and a return on the proceeds.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements:
In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxesan interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48) and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainties in income taxes recognized in accordance with SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes by prescribing guidance for the recognition, derecognition and measurement in financial statements of income tax positions taken in previously filed returns or tax positions expected to be taken in tax returns, including a decision whether to file or not to file in a particular jurisdiction. FIN 48 requires that any liability created for unrecognized tax benefits be disclosed. The application of FIN 48 may also affect the tax bases of assets and liabilities and therefore may change or create deferred tax liabilities or assets. The Company will be required to adopt FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. If there are changes in the net assets of the Company as a result of the application of FIN 48, the cumulative effects, if any, will be recorded as an adjustment to retained earnings. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of its adoption of FIN 48 and has not yet determined the effect on its earnings or financial position.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157 Fair Value Measurements (SFAS 157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value within generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and expands disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. Although SFAS 157 does not require any new fair value measurements, its application may, in certain instances, change current practice. Where applicable, SFAS 157 simplifies and codifies fair value related guidance previously issued within GAAP. The provisions for SFAS 157 are effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting SFAS 157 on its consolidated financial statements.
Effective December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions, No. 88, Employers Accounting for Settlements and Curtailments of Defined Benefit Pension Plans and for Termination Benefits, No. 106, Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, and No. 132(R) Employers Disclosures About Pensions and Other Post Retirement Benefits, (SFAS 158), (SFAS 87), (SFAS 88), (SFAS 106) and (SFAS 132R). This standard requires employers to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of defined benefit postretirement plans as an asset or liability on their balance sheets and recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which changes occur, through other comprehensive income,
54
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
(a component of shareholders equity). The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and benefit obligation (the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for the other post-retirement plans). Actuarial gains and losses and prior service costs and credits that have not been recognized as a component of net periodic benefit cost as of the statement adoption date are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. This standard also requires plan assets and obligations to be measured as of the employers balance sheet date. The measurement provision of this standard will be effective for years beginning after December 15, 2008, with early application encouraged. The Company is already in compliance with the measurement provisions of the standard.
Prior to the adoption of the recognition provisions of SFAS 158, the Company accounted for its defined benefit pension plans under SFAS 87. SFAS 87 required that a liability (minimum pension liability) be recorded as a non-cash charge to accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders equity. Under SFAS 87, changes in the funded status were not immediately recognized; rather they were deferred and recognized ratably over future periods. Upon adoption of the recognition provisions of SFAS 158, the Company recognized the amounts of prior charges in the funded status of its post-retirement benefit plans through accumulated other comprehensive income. As a result, the Company recognized the following adjustments in individual line items of its Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2006:
Prior to application of SFAS 158 |
Adjustments |
After application of SFAS 158 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Other intangible assets, net |
$ | 276,211 | $ | (219 | ) | $ | 275,992 | |||||
Accrued pension costs and other retirement plans |
$ | 245,800 | $ | 72,299 | $ | 318,099 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
$ | 18,509 | $ | 25,381 | $ | 43,890 | ||||||
Accumulative other comprehensive loss |
$ | (128,147 | ) | $ | (47,137 | ) | $ | (175,284 | ) | |||
Total stockholders equity |
$ | 3,249,190 | $ | (47,137 | ) | $ | 3,202,053 |
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159 The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). This statement permits companies to choose to measure many financial assets and liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS 159 on its consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 2. Statutory Restrictions on Investments and Stockholders Equity:
Investments carried at $56.3 million were on deposit with state treasurers in accordance with statutory requirements for the protection of policyholders at December 31, 2006.
Pursuant to insurance and other regulations of the various states in which the Companys insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the Company is limited, principally for the protection of policyholders. Under such statutory regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the Company from its insurance subsidiaries in 2007 is $285.7 million.
The Companys title insurance subsidiary, First American Title Insurance Company, maintained statutory capital and surplus of $753.7 million and $877.9 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Statutory net income for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, was $187.7 million, $246.5 million and $130.5 million, respectively.
55
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 3. Debt and Equity Securities:
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investments in debt securities are as follows:
Amortized cost |
Gross unrealized |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||||
gains |
losses |
||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2006 |
|||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
$ | 214,764 | $ | 812 | $ | (5,910 | ) | $ | 209,666 | ||||
Corporate securities |
212,933 | 3,358 | (3,285 | ) | 213,006 | ||||||||
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |
120,422 | 1,587 | (792 | ) | 121,217 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
645,876 | 897 | (4,747 | ) | 642,026 | ||||||||
$ | 1,193,995 | $ | 6,654 | $ | (14,734 | ) | $ | 1,185,915 | |||||
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
$ | 167,985 | $ | 914 | $ | (1,774 | ) | $ | 167,125 | ||||
Corporate securities |
206,767 | 3,257 | (2,865 | ) | 207,159 | ||||||||
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |
127,267 | 1,754 | (901 | ) | 128,120 | ||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
604,012 | 599 | (6,287 | ) | 598,324 | ||||||||
$ | 1,106,031 | $ | 6,524 | $ | (11,827 | ) | $ | 1,100,728 | |||||
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at December 31, 2006, by contractual maturities, are as follows:
Amortized cost |
Estimated fair value | |||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
Due in one year or less |
$ | 99,469 | $ | 95,403 | ||
Due after one year through five years |
256,857 | 255,263 | ||||
Due after five years through ten years |
117,072 | 116,504 | ||||
Due after ten years |
74,721 | 76,719 | ||||
548,119 | 543,889 | |||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
645,876 | 642,026 | ||||
$ | 1,193,995 | $ | 1,185,915 | |||
56
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The cost and estimated fair value of investments in equity securities are as follows:
Cost |
Gross unrealized |
Estimated fair value | |||||||||||
gains |
losses |
||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
December 31, 2006 |
|||||||||||||
Preferred stocks |
$ | 4,633 | $ | 304 | $ | (50 | ) | $ | 4,887 | ||||
Common stocks |
48,151 | 6,954 | (6,004 | ) | 49,101 | ||||||||
$ | 52,784 | $ | 7,258 | $ | (6,054 | ) | $ | 53,988 | |||||
December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||||
Preferred stocks |
$ | 1,930 | $ | 73 | $ | (79 | ) | $ | 1,924 | ||||
Common stocks |
47,619 | 5,563 | (8,005 | ) | 45,177 | ||||||||
$ | 49,549 | $ | 5,636 | $ | (8,084 | ) | $ | 47,101 | |||||
The fair value of debt and equity securities was estimated using quoted market prices. Sales of debt and equity securities resulted in realized gains of $4.8 million, $1.7 million and $2.9 million; and realized losses of $2.7 million, $0.9 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
The Company had gross unrealized losses as of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005:
12 months or less |
12 months or longer |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
Fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses |
Fair value |
Unrealized losses | |||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
Debt Securities |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
$ | 45,420 | $ | 274 | $ | 99,712 | $ | 5,636 | $ | 145,132 | $ | 5,910 | ||||||
Corporate securities |
7,370 | 89 | 141,234 | 3,196 | 148,604 | 3,285 | ||||||||||||
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |
16,605 | 97 | 34,597 | 695 | 51,202 | 792 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
5,533 | 53 | 415,344 | 4,694 | 420,877 | 4,747 | ||||||||||||
Total debt securities |
74,928 | 513 | 690,887 | 14,221 | 765,815 | 14,734 | ||||||||||||
Equity securities |
2,447 | 277 | 17,636 | 5,777 | 20,083 | 6,054 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 77,375 | $ | 790 | $ | 708,523 | $ | 19,998 | $ | 785,898 | $ | 20,788 | ||||||
December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
$ | 30,564 | $ | 232 | $ | 92,942 | $ | 1,542 | $ | 123,506 | $ | 1,774 | ||||||
Corporate securities |
19,532 | 288 | 123,212 | 2,577 | 142,744 | 2,865 | ||||||||||||
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |
14,049 | 164 | 46,171 | 737 | 60,220 | 901 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities |
15,178 | 271 | 406,951 | 6,016 | 422,129 | 6,287 | ||||||||||||
Total debt securities |
79,323 | 955 | 669,276 | 10,872 | 748,599 | 11,827 | ||||||||||||
Equity securities |
5,691 | 305 | 19,278 | 7,779 | 24,969 | 8,084 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 85,014 | $ | 1,260 | $ | 688,554 | $ | 18,651 | $ | 773,568 | $ | 19,911 | ||||||
57
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Management has determined that the unrealized losses from debt and equity securities at December 31, 2006 are temporary in nature. Factors considered in determining whether a loss is temporary include the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for anticipated recovery.
NOTE 4. Loans Receivable:
Loans receivable are summarized as follows:
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Real estatemortgage |
$ | 103,207 | $ | 96,999 | ||||
Other |
54 | 19 | ||||||
103,261 | 97,018 | |||||||
Allowance for loan losses |
(1,440 | ) | (1,410 | ) | ||||
Participations sold |
(150 | ) | (615 | ) | ||||
Deferred loan fees, net |
(30 | ) | (181 | ) | ||||
$ | 101,641 | $ | 94,812 | |||||
Real estate loans are collateralized by properties located primarily in Southern California. The average yield on the Companys loan portfolio was 7.6% and 7.0% for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Average yields are affected by prepayment penalties recorded as income, loan fees amortized to income and the market interest rates charged by thrift and loan institutions.
The fair value of loans receivable was $98.8 million and $94.8 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and was estimated based on the discounted value of the future cash flows using the current rates being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality.
The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level that is considered appropriate by management to provide for known risks in the portfolio.
The aggregate annual maturities for loans receivable are as follows:
Year |
(in thousands) | ||
2007 |
$ | 916 | |
2008 |
255 | ||
2009 |
304 | ||
2010 |
4 | ||
2011 |
3,102 | ||
2012 and thereafter |
98,680 | ||
$ | 103,261 | ||
58
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 5. Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment consists of the following:
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Land |
$ | 43,249 | $ | 44,547 | ||||
Buildings |
321,147 | 292,468 | ||||||
Furniture and equipment |
436,780 | 402,372 | ||||||
Capitalized software |
607,469 | 506,772 | ||||||
Property under capital leases, net of deferred gain |
74,190 | 74,190 | ||||||
1,482,835 | 1,320,349 | |||||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(741,144 | ) | (634,827 | ) | ||||
$ | 741,691 | $ | 685,522 | |||||
In December 2004, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for certain equipment and capitalized software. This transaction, which totaled $122.0 million, was accounted for as a capital lease. As of December 31, 2006, equipment and capitalized software with a net book value of $27.4 million and $17.3 million, respectively, including accumulated depreciation of $21.5 million and $8.0 million, respectively, were leased under a capital lease. The assets and related obligation have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
NOTE 6. Goodwill:
A reconciliation of the changes in the carrying amount of net goodwill, by operating segment, as of December 31, 2006, is as follows:
Balance as of January 1, 2006 |
Acquired during the year |
Post acquisition adjustments |
Balance as of December 31, 2006 | ||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||
Financial Services: |
|||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 582,542 | $ | 162,596 | $ | (11,376 | ) | $ | 733,762 | ||||
Specialty Insurance |
19,794 | | | 19,794 | |||||||||
Information Technology: |
|||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
590,495 | 7,050 | 12 | 597,557 | |||||||||
Property Information |
277,694 | 13,045 | (782 | ) | 289,957 | ||||||||
First Advantage |
622,087 | 42,471 | 1,756 | 666,314 | |||||||||
$ | 2,092,612 | $ | 225,162 | $ | (10,390 | ) | $ | 2,307,384 | |||||
The Companys reporting units, for purposes of applying the provisions of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (SFAS 142), are title insurance, home warranty, property and casualty insurance, trust and other services, mortgage origination products and services, mortgage servicing products and services, property information services, lender services, data services, dealer services, employer services, multifamily services and investigative and litigation services.
59
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142. The Companys annual testing identified no impairment charges in 2006 and 2005. If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value, goodwill will be evaluated between annual tests.
NOTE 7. Other Intangible Assets:
Other intangible assets consist of the following:
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Covenants not to compete |
$ | 59,532 | $ | 47,696 | ||||
Customer lists |
264,809 | 212,375 | ||||||
Trademarks and licenses |
48,845 | 44,213 | ||||||
373,186 | 304,284 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization |
(97,194 | ) | (57,167 | ) | ||||
$ | 275,992 | $ | 247,117 | |||||
Amortization expense for other finite-lived intangible assets was $42.2 million, $28.7 million and $17.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense for other finite-lived intangible assets anticipated for the next five years is as follows:
Year |
|||
(in thousands) | |||
2006 |
$ | 42,707 | |
2007 |
$ | 39,483 | |
2008 |
$ | 37,571 | |
2009 |
$ | 34,640 | |
2010 |
$ | 30,606 |
60
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 8. Demand Deposits:
Escrow, passbook and investment certificate accounts are summarized as follows:
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) |
||||||||
Escrow accounts: |
||||||||
Interest bearing |
$ | 229,908 | $ | 200,766 | ||||
Non-interest bearing |
525,539 | 439,175 | ||||||
755,447 | 639,941 | |||||||
Passbook accounts |
30,080 | 24,840 | ||||||
Certificate accounts: |
||||||||
Less than one year |
13,024 | 16,567 | ||||||
One to five years |
7,775 | 11,827 | ||||||
20,799 | 28,394 | |||||||
$ | 806,326 | $ | 693,175 | |||||
Annualized interest rates: |
||||||||
Escrow deposits |
2.5 | % | 1.3 | % | ||||
Passbook accounts |
4.4 | % | 2.8 | % | ||||
Certificate accounts |
4.0 | % | 3.3 | % | ||||
The carrying value of escrow and passbook accounts approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of this liability. The fair value of investment certificate accounts was $20.7 million and $28.3 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and was estimated based on the discounted value of future cash flows using a discount rate approximating current market for similar liabilities.
NOTE 9. Reserve for Known and Incurred But Not Reported Claims:
Activity in the reserve for known and incurred but not reported claims is summarized as follows:
December 31 | ||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 671,054 | $ | 526,516 | $ | 435,852 | ||||
Provision related to: |
||||||||||
Current year |
449,131 | 409,940 | 345,066 | |||||||
Prior years |
207,816 | 47,090 | 4,552 | |||||||
656,947 | 457,030 | 349,618 | ||||||||
Payments related to: |
||||||||||
Current year |
217,327 | 231,632 | 162,729 | |||||||
Prior years |
173,459 | 132,564 | 105,559 | |||||||
390,786 | 364,196 | 268,288 | ||||||||
Other |
(226 | ) | 51,704 | 9,334 | ||||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 936,989 | $ | 671,054 | $ | 526,516 | ||||
61
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Other primarily represents reclassifications to the reserve for assets acquired in connection with claim settlements and amounts recorded in purchase accounting related to company acquisitions. Included in Other for 2005 were $48.6 million in amounts recorded in purchase accounting related to acquisitions in the title insurance and services segment. Claims activity associated with reinsurance is not material and, therefore, not presented separately. Current year payments include $174.0 million, $169.0 million and $143.1 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, that relate to the Companys non-title insurance operations.
During the second quarter of 2006, the Company recorded a $155.0 million title insurance reserve strengthening adjustment. This adjustment reflects a change in estimate for ultimate losses expected primarily from policy years 2002 through 2005. The change in estimate resulted primarily from higher than expected claims frequency experienced for those policy years during the first half of 2006, and was included in the mid-year actuarial analysis performed by the Companys independent actuaries. In addition, given the increase in short and long term interest rates during the first half of 2006, as well as the resulting increase in fixed and adjustable mortgage rates, the Companys management believes that claims development patterns for policy years 2003 through 2005 may extend. Given the increase in claims frequency that became apparent during the period and the potential extension of claims development patterns, management has placed greater weight on the historical claim payment patterns (which do not fully reflect the potential impact of refinance activity) in determining the appropriate IBNR reserve. Management continues to believe that some adjustment to historical claim development patterns is appropriate to make to policy years 2002 through 2005, however, management has lowered the degree of the adjustment during the period given the factors described above.
A summary of the Companys loss reserves, broken down into its components of known title claims, incurred but not reported claims and non-title claims, follows:
(in thousands except percentages) |
as of December 31, 2006 |
as of December 31, 2005 |
||||||||||
Known claims |
$ | 133,419 | 14.2 | % | $ | 120,197 | 17.9 | % | ||||
IBNR |
727,840 | 77.7 | % | 474,749 | 70.8 | % | ||||||
Total title claims |
861,259 | 91.9 | % | 594,946 | 88.7 | % | ||||||
Non-title claims |
75,730 | 8.1 | % | 76,108 | 11.3 | % | ||||||
Total loss reserves |
$ | 936,989 | 100.0 | % | $ | 671,054 | 100.0 | % | ||||
NOTE 10. Notes and Contracts Payable:
December 31 | ||||||
2006 |
2005 | |||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
5.7% senior debentures, due August 2014 |
$ | 149,682 | $ | 149,640 | ||
7.55% senior debentures, due April 2028 |
99,608 | 99,590 | ||||
Trust deed notes with maturities through 2023, collateralized by land and buildings with a net book value of $47,177, weighted-average interest rate of 5.5% |
57,365 | 78,336 | ||||
Other notes and contracts payable with maturities through 2016, weighted-average interest rate of 6.3% |
465,385 | 421,378 | ||||
5.68% capital lease obligation, due in 2008 |
75,951 | 99,625 | ||||
$ | 847,991 | $ | 848,569 | |||
62
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
In November 2005, the Company amended and restated its $500.0 million credit agreement that was originally entered into in August 2004. The November 2005 amendment and restatement extended the expiration date to November 2010 and permitted the Company to increase the credit amount to $750.0 million under certain circumstances. Under the amended and restated credit agreement the Company is required to maintain certain minimum levels of capital and earnings and meet predetermined debt-to-capitalization ratios. On August 11, 2006, the Company obtained a waiver from the lenders under the amended and restated credit agreement waiving the breach created by the Companys inability to timely file its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2006 due to the ongoing review of the Companys stock option program. On November 3, 2006, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 and Waiver with the lenders, extending the waiver referred to above with respect to the then outstanding quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30, 2006, which were later filed on January 8, 2007, prior to the expiration of the waiver. The Company is now in compliance with key debt covenants under the amended and restated credit agreement. The line of credit was unused at December 31, 2006. The Companys publicly-traded subsidiary, First Advantage Corporation has one bank credit agreement. This agreement provides for a $225.0 million revolving line of credit and is collateralized by the stock of First Advantages subsidiaries. Under the terms of the credit agreement, First Advantage Corporation is required to satisfy certain financial requirements. The line of credit remains in effect until September 2010 and had a balance due of $150.0 million at December 31, 2006.
In December 2004, the Company entered into a sale-leaseback transaction for certain equipment and capitalized software. The transaction totaled $122.0 million and was accounted for as a capital lease. The capital lease bears interest at a rate of 5.68% and has a base term of two years with three one-year renewal options. The assets and related obligation have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
In July 2004, the Company sold unsecured debt securities in the aggregate principal amount of $150.0 million. These securities, which bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.7%, are due August 2014.
In April 2004, the Company redeemed for cash $1.2 million of the $210.0 million aggregate principal outstanding on its 4.5% Senior Convertible Debentures due 2008. Prior to the redemption date, holders had converted an aggregate principal amount of $208.8 million of debentures into 7,457,938 common shares of the Company at the fixed conversion price of $28 per share.
The Company has also issued debt that is convertible into shares of its common stock to finance certain acquisitions. This debt, which is included in Other notes and contracts payable, is convertible at the option of each note holder at a conversion price of $30 per share. The balance of this convertible debt was $2.9 million and $18.5 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company issued 467,176 shares in 2006 and 16,146 shares in 2005 in relation to the convertible notes for $14.5 million that were due on November 1, 2006.
The aggregate annual maturities for notes and contracts payable and capital leases in each of the five years after December 31, 2006, are as follows:
Year |
Notes payable |
Capital lease | ||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
2007 |
$ | 124,888 | $ | 25,048 | ||
2008 |
$ | 80,360 | $ | 50,903 | ||
2009 |
$ | 59,338 | $ | | ||
2010 |
$ | 192,024 | $ | | ||
2011 |
$ | 18,676 | $ | |
63
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The fair value of notes and contracts payable was $855.3 million and $862.2 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and was estimated based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same remaining maturities. The weighted-average interest rate for the Companys notes and contracts payable was 6.2% and 6.1% at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
NOTE 11. Deferrable Interest Subordinated Notes:
On April 22, 1997, the Company issued and sold $100.0 million of 8.5% trust preferred securities, due in 2012, through its wholly owned subsidiary, First American Capital Trust. In connection with the subsidiarys issuance of the preferred securities, the Company issued to the subsidiary trust 8.5% subordinated interest notes due in 2012. The sole assets of the subsidiary are and will be the subordinated interest notes. The Companys obligations under the subordinated interest notes and related agreements, taken together, constitute a full and unconditional guarantee by the Company of the subsidiarys obligations under the preferred securities. Distributions payable on the securities are included as interest expense in the Companys consolidated income statements.
The fair value of the Companys deferrable interest subordinated notes was $111.4 million and $120.9 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and was estimated based on the current rates offered to the Company for debt of the same type and remaining maturity.
NOTE 12. Investment and Other Income:
The components of investment and other income are as follows:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | |||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||
Interest: |
|||||||||
Cash equivalents and deposits with savings and loan associations and banks |
$ | 44,907 | $ | 36,149 | $ | 12,034 | |||
Debt securities |
52,202 | 37,788 | 29,006 | ||||||
Other long-term investments |
50,689 | 22,793 | 9,153 | ||||||
Loans receivable |
7,650 | 6,750 | 7,531 | ||||||
Dividends on marketable equity securities |
5,735 | 2,361 | 2,895 | ||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |
39,343 | 61,386 | 53,620 | ||||||
Trust and banking activities |
17,827 | 21,374 | 21,564 | ||||||
Other |
21,063 | 21,694 | 5,993 | ||||||
$ | 239,416 | $ | 210,295 | $ | 141,796 | ||||
64
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 13. Income Taxes:
Income taxes are summarized as follows:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | ||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||
Federal |
$ | 211,694 | $ | 203,692 | $ | 124,001 | ||||
State |
21,981 | 29,164 | 7,294 | |||||||
Foreign |
17,864 | 16,734 | 5,120 | |||||||
251,539 | 249,590 | 136,415 | ||||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||
Federal |
(44,694 | ) | 63,115 | 86,980 | ||||||
State |
15,055 | 10,095 | 18,805 | |||||||
Foreign |
(1,800 | ) | 700 | | ||||||
(31,439 | ) | 73,910 | 105,785 | |||||||
$ | 220,100 | $ | 323,500 | $ | 242,200 | |||||
Income taxes differ from the amounts computed by applying the federal income tax rate of 35.0%. A reconciliation of this difference is as follows:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | |||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||
Taxes calculated at federal rate |
$ | 177,722 | $ | 281,329 | $ | 205,817 | |||||
Tax effect of minority interests |
8,952 | 6,407 | 3,037 | ||||||||
State taxes, net of federal benefit |
24,074 | 29,498 | 22,370 | ||||||||
Exclusion of certain meals and entertainment expenses |
7,435 | 7,554 | 7,010 | ||||||||
Foreign taxes (less than) in excess of federal rate |
(3,888 | ) | 1,274 | | |||||||
Other items, net |
5,805 | (2,562 | ) | 3,966 | |||||||
$ | 220,100 | $ | 323,500 | $ | 242,200 | ||||||
65
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The primary components of temporary differences that give rise to the Companys net deferred tax assets are as follows:
December 31 |
||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Deferred revenue |
$ | 98,246 | $ | 86,628 | ||||
Employee benefits |
61,546 | 54,814 | ||||||
Bad debt reserves |
23,749 | 23,722 | ||||||
Loss reserves |
72,703 | 78,960 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
95,284 | 67,246 | ||||||
Net operating loss carryforward |
37,425 | 36,830 | ||||||
Other |
9,870 | 7,375 | ||||||
398,823 | 355,575 | |||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Depreciable and amortizable assets |
280,186 | 251,352 | ||||||
Claims and related salvage |
27,960 | 83,264 | ||||||
Investment in affiliates |
33,307 | 24,368 | ||||||
Other |
2,437 | 3,772 | ||||||
343,890 | 362,756 | |||||||
Net deferred tax asset before valuation allowance |
54,933 | (7,181 | ) | |||||
Valuation allowance |
(11,043 | ) | (5,828 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax asset (liability) |
$ | 43,890 | $ | (13,009 | ) | |||
For the years 2006, 2005 and 2004, domestic and foreign pretax income from continuing operations was $457.7 million and $50.1 million, $763.3 million and $40.6 million and $569.6 million and $18.4 million, respectively.
The exercise of stock options represents a tax benefit and has been reflected as a reduction of taxes payable and an increase to the additional paid-in capital account. The benefits recorded were $1.1 million, $17.1 million and $6.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
At December 31, 2006, the Company had available federal, state and foreign net operating-loss carryforwards totaling approximately $143.2 million for income tax purposes, of which $18.8 million has an indefinite expiration. The remaining $124.4 million begins to expire at various times beginning in 2008 and ending in 2025.
The valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets for federal and state net operating-loss carryforwards relating to acquisitions consummated by First Advantage and foreign operations of the Company. Utilization of the pre-acquisition net operating losses is subject to limitations by the Internal Revenue Code and State jurisdictions. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Companys forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve the forecasted taxable income in
66
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Companys effective tax rate on future earnings. The increase in the valuation allowance primarily results from current year losses from foreign subsidiaries.
The Company records a liability for potential tax assessments based on its estimate of the potential exposure. New tax laws and new interpretations of laws and rulings by tax authorities may affect the liability for potential tax assessments. Due to the subjectivity and complex nature of the underlying issues, actual payments or assessments may differ from estimates. To the extent the Companys estimates differ from actual payments or assessments, income tax expense is adjusted. The Companys income tax returns in several locations are being examined by various tax authorities. Management believes that adequate amounts of tax and related interest, if any, have been provided for any adjustments that may result from these examinations.
As of December 31, 2006, United States taxes were not provided for the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries, as the Company has invested or expects to invest the undistributed earnings indefinitely. If in the future these earnings are repatriated to the United States, or if the Company determines that the earnings will be remitted in the forseeable future, additional tax provisions may be required.
NOTE 14. Earnings Per Share:
The Companys potential dilutive securities are stock options and convertible debt. Stock options are reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury-stock method and convertible debt is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the if-converted method. A reconciliation of net income and weighted-average shares outstanding is as follows:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(as restated) | (as restated) | |||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||
Net income, as restatednumerator for basic net income per share |
$ | 287,676 | $ | 480,380 | $ | 345,847 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||
Convertible debtinterest expense (net of tax) |
633 | 847 | 2,597 | |||||||||
Subsidiary potential dilutive shares |
(545 | ) | (604 | ) | (242 | ) | ||||||
Numerator for diluted net income per share |
$ | 287,764 | $ | 480,623 | $ | 348,202 | ||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||
Weighted-average sharesdenominator for basic net income per share |
96,206 | 94,351 | 86,430 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||||||||||
Employee stock options and restricted common shares |
1,935 | 2,689 | 2,360 | |||||||||
Convertible debt |
512 | 651 | 2,879 | |||||||||
Denominator for diluted net income per share |
98,653 | 97,691 | 91,669 | |||||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 2.99 | $ | 5.09 | $ | 4.00 | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 2.92 | $ | 4.92 | $ | 3.80 | ||||||
For the three years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, 0.9 million, 0.05 million and 0.5 million options, respectively, were excluded from the weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect.
67
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 15. Employee Benefit Plans:
The Company has benefit plans covering substantially all employees, including a 401(k) savings plan (the Savings Plan), an employee stock purchase plan and a defined benefit pension plan.
The Savings Plan allows for employee-elective contributions up to the maximum deductible amount as determined by the Internal Revenue Code. The Company makes discretionary contributions to the Savings Plan based on profitability, as well as contributions of the participants. The Companys expense related to the Savings Plan amounted to $35.9 million, $66.3 million and $58.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. The Savings Plan allows the participants to purchase the Companys stock as one of the investment options. The Savings Plan held 10,441,000 and 11,611,000 shares of the Companys common stock, representing 10.8% and 12.1% of the total shares outstanding at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The employee stock purchase plan allows eligible employees to purchase common stock of the Company at 85.0% of the closing price on the last day of each month. There were 161,000, 240,000 and 289,000 shares issued in connection with the plan for the years ending December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. At December 31, 2006, there were 1,741,000 shares reserved for future issuances.
The Companys defined benefit pension plan is a noncontributory, qualified, defined benefit plan with benefits based on the employees years of service. The Companys policy is to fund all accrued pension costs. Contributions are intended to provide not only for benefits attributable to past service, but also for those benefits expected to be earned in the future. The Company also has nonqualified, unfunded supplemental benefit plans covering certain key management personnel.
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THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The following table summarizes the balance sheet impact, including benefit obligations, assets and funded status associated with the defined benefit plan and supplemental benefit plan obligations as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
December 31 |
||||||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans |
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans |
Defined benefit pension plans |
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Change in projected benefit obligation: |
||||||||||||||||
Benefit obligation at beginning of year |
$ | 312,139 | $ | 182,488 | $ | 283,521 | $ | 117,867 | ||||||||
Service costs |
3,367 | 6,311 | 12,116 | 5,097 | ||||||||||||
Interest costs |
18,120 | 12,028 | 16,971 | 8,594 | ||||||||||||
Actuarial (gains) losses |
(883 | ) | 56,164 | 12,647 | 54,651 | |||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(13,415 | ) | (5,204 | ) | (13,117 | ) | (3,721 | ) | ||||||||
Projected benefit obligation at end of year |
319,328 | 251,787 | 312,138 | 182,488 | ||||||||||||
Change in plan assets: |
||||||||||||||||
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year |
204,875 | | 189,210 | | ||||||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
21,694 | | 6,081 | | ||||||||||||
Company contributions |
39,862 | 5,204 | 22,700 | 3,721 | ||||||||||||
Benefits paid |
(13,415 | ) | (5,204 | ) | (13,117 | ) | (3,721 | ) | ||||||||
Plan assets at fair value at end of year |
253,016 | | 204,874 | | ||||||||||||
Reconciliation of funded status: |
||||||||||||||||
Funded status of the plans |
$ | (66,312 | ) | $ | (251,787 | ) | (107,264 | ) | (182,488 | ) | ||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |
136,684 | 102,480 | ||||||||||||||
Unrecognized prior service costs |
241 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
Prepaid (accrued) pension costs |
$ | 29,661 | $ | (80,004 | ) | |||||||||||
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet consist of: |
||||||||||||||||
Accrued benefit liability |
$ | (66,312 | ) | $ | (251,787 | ) | $ | (107,264 | ) | $ | (132,604 | ) | ||||
Intangible assets (1) |
| | 241 | 4 | ||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment (1) |
| | 136,684 | 52,596 | ||||||||||||
$ | (66,312 | ) | $ | (251,787 | ) | $ | 29,661 | $ | (80,004 | ) | ||||||
(1) | Disclosures not applicable as of December 31, 2006 due to the adoption of SFAS 158. |
69
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
December 31 | ||||||
2006 | ||||||
Defined benefit pension plans |
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans | |||||
(in thousands) | ||||||
Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income: |
||||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |
$ | 124,629 | $ | 150,528 | ||
Unrecognized prior service costs |
216 | 3 | ||||
$ | 124,845 | $ | 150,531 | |||
Net periodic pension cost for the Companys defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans includes the following components:
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Expense: |
||||||||||||
Service costs |
$ | 9,733 | $ | 17,268 | $ | 16,152 | ||||||
Interest costs |
30,148 | 25,565 | 22,465 | |||||||||
Actual return on plan assets |
(18,944 | ) | (17,680 | ) | (14,488 | ) | ||||||
Amortization of net transition obligation |
| | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of prior service credit (costs) |
26 | (1,773 | ) | (3,851 | ) | |||||||
Amortization of net loss |
16,483 | 12,239 | 9,766 | |||||||||
Curtailment loss |
| (1,950 | ) | | ||||||||
$ | 37,446 | $ | 33,669 | $ | 30,038 | |||||||
The estimated net loss and prior service cost for pension benefits that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic pension cost over the next fiscal year are expected to be $17.8 million and $25 thousand, respectively.
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine costs for the plans were as follows:
December 31 |
||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||
Defined benefit pension plan |
||||||
Discount rate |
5.88 | % | 6.00 | % | ||
Rate of return on plan assets |
8.50 | % | 9.00 | % | ||
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans |
||||||
Discount rate |
6.00 | % | 6.00 | % |
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine benefit obligations for the plans were as follows:
December 31 |
||||||
2006 |
2005 |
|||||
Defined benefit pension plan |
||||||
Discount rate |
5.96 | % | 5.88 | % | ||
Rate of return on plan assets |
9.00 | % | 8.50 | % | ||
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans |
||||||
Discount rate |
5.96 | % | 5.88 | % | ||
Salary increase rate |
5.00 | % | 4.50 | % |
70
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
The discount-rate assumption used for pension plan accounting reflects the yield available on high-quality, fixed-income debt securities that match the expected timing of the benefit obligation payments. Consequently, the Companys accumulated benefit obligation exceeded the fair-market value of the plan assets for the Companys funded, defined benefit plans.
The following table provides the funded status in the defined benefit plan and supplemental benefit plan obligations as of December 31, 2006 and 2005:
December 31 | ||||||||||||
2006 |
2005 | |||||||||||
Defined benefit pension plans |
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans |
Defined benefit pension plans |
Unfunded supplemental benefit plans | |||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||
Projected benefit obligation |
$ | 319,328 | $ | 251,787 | $ | 312,138 | $ | 182,488 | ||||
Accumulated benefit obligation |
$ | 319,328 | $ | 179,489 | $ | 312,138 | $ | 132,604 | ||||
Plan assets at fair value at end of year |
$ | 253,016 | $ | | $ | 204,874 | $ | |
The Company has a pension investment policy designed to meet or exceed the expected rate of return on plan assets assumption. To achieve this, the pension plan assets are managed by investment managers that invest plan assets in equity and fixed income debt securities and cash. A summary of the asset allocation as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the target mix are as follows:
Target allocation |
Percentage of plan assets at December 31 |
||||||||
2007 |
2006 |
2005 |
|||||||
Asset category |
|||||||||
Domestic and international equities |
60 | % | 60 | % | 50 | % | |||
Fixed income |
35 | % | 39 | % | 48 | % | |||
Cash |
5 | % | 1 | % | 2 | % |
The Company expects to make cash contributions to its pension plans of approximately $34.0 million during 2007.
The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, as appropriate, are expected to be paid as follows:
Year |
(in thousands) | ||
2007 |
$ | 16,515 | |
2008 |
$ | 17,525 | |
2009 |
$ | 18,501 | |
2010 |
$ | 19,052 | |
2011 |
$ | 20,491 | |
2012-2016 |
$ | 144,640 |
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THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 16. Stock Option Plans:
On April 24, 1996, the Company implemented The First American Corporation 1996 Stock Option Plan (the Stock Option Plan). Under the Stock Option Plan, options are granted to certain employees to purchase the Companys common stock at a price no less than the market value of the shares on the date of the grant. The maximum number of shares that may be subject to options is 14,625,000. Currently, outstanding options become exercisable in one to five years, and expire ten years from the grant date. On April 24, 1997, the Company implemented The First American Corporation 1997 Directors Stock Plan (the Directors Plan). The Directors Plan is similar to the employees Stock Option Plan, except that the maximum number of shares that may be subject to options is 1,800,000 and the maximum number of shares that may be purchased pursuant to options granted shall not exceed 6,750 shares during any consecutive 12-month period.
On May 18, 2006, the Companys shareholders voted to approve the Companys 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan, which was previously approved by the Board of Directors. The Stock Option Plan and the Directors Plan were terminated and replaced by the 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan. Eligible participants in the plan include the Companys directors and executive officers, as well as other employees of the Company and certain of its affiliates. The plan permits the grant of Stock Options, Stock Appreciation Rights, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Performance Units, Performance Shares and Other Stock-Based Awards. Under the terms of the Plan, 4,700,000 Company Common shares can be awarded from authorized but unissued shares, subject to certain annual limits on the amounts that can be awarded based on the type of award granted. The plan terminates 10 years from the effective date unless cancelled prior to that date by the Companys Board of Directors.
The following table summarizes stock option activity related to the Companys plans:
Number outstanding |
Weighted- exercise |
Weighted- remaining contractual |
Aggregate intrinsic value | ||||||||
(in thousands, except weighted-average exercise price) | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005, as restated |
5,935 | $ | 25.42 | ||||||||
Granted during 2006 |
695 | $ | 43.32 | ||||||||
Exercised during 2006 |
(323 | ) | $ | 18.40 | |||||||
Forfeited during 2006 |
(89 | ) | $ | 22.94 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
6,218 | $ | 27.82 | 5.7 | $ | 85,563 | |||||
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2006 |
6,124 | $ | 27.72 | 5.6 | $ | 84,840 | |||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2006 |
3,557 | $ | 22.80 | 4.0 | $ | 64,924 | |||||
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123R, Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123R), which establishes standards for share-based awards for employee services and requires companies to expense the grant-date fair value of these awards (with limited exceptions) over the requisite employee service period. SFAS 123R has two transition method applications to choose from and the Company selected the modified-prospective method, under which prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. Share-based compensation expense included in salaries and other personnel costs recognized during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, was $25.7 million, $13.1 million after tax and minority interest or $0.13 per diluted share. This amount includes expense for all share-based payments granted prior to, but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, as well as share-based awards granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006.
72
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Commencing with the effective date of SFAS 123R, the Company transitioned from the Black-Scholes option model to a binomial lattice model to estimate the fair value of new employee stock options on the date of the grant. The Company believes that the binomial lattice option pricing model provides a more refined estimate of the fair value of the stock options. Options granted prior to January 1, 2006, were valued using the Black Scholes option-pricing model. The following assumptions were used in valuing the options granted during the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004:
For the Twelve Months Ended December 31, | ||||||
2006 |
2005 |
2004 | ||||
Risk free average interest rate |
4.3%-4.8% | 3.7%-4.3% | 3.7%-4.2% | |||
Dividend yield |
1.6%-1.8% | 1.5%-2.3% | 2.0%-2.4% | |||
Weighted-average dividend yield |
1.67% | 1.77% | 2.07% | |||
Expected volatility |
25.0% | 39.7-41.4% | 41.9%-44.2% | |||
Weighted-average volatility |
25.0% | 40.6% | 43.4% | |||
Expected term (years) |
4.0-5.0 | 5.4-5.9 | 5.9-6.3 | |||
Weighted-average grant date fair value for options granted |
$9.60 | $15.49 | $10.90 | |||
Weighted-average exercise price for options granted |
$43.32 | $41.35 | $29.06 |
These assumptions are based on multiple factors, including historical patterns, post-vesting termination rates, expected future exercise patterns and the expected volatility of the Companys stock price. Expected volatility is based on historical and implied volatilities. The risk-free interest rate is the imputed forward rate based on the US Treasury yield at the date of grant. The expected term of options granted is derived from the output of the lattice model and represents the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Forfeitures are estimated at the date of grant based on historical experience. Prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R, the Company recorded forfeitures as they occurred for purposes of estimating pro forma compensation expense under SFAS 123. The impact of forfeitures is not material.
As of December 31, 2006, there was $16.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options of the Company that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.13 years. In addition, the Companys publicly traded subsidiary, First Advantage Corporation, has $11.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years. Cash received from the exercise of stock options for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 totaled $5.8 million and $45.3 million, respectively.
Total intrinsic value of options exercised for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004 was $7.6 million, $53.8 million and $23.0 million, respectively. This intrinsic value represents the difference between the fair market value of the Companys common stock on the date of exercise and the exercise price of each option.
In addition to requiring companies to recognize the estimated fair value of share-based payments in earnings, SFAS 123R modified the presentation of tax benefits received in excess of amounts determined based on the compensation expense recognized. For periods after adopting SFAS 123R under the modified prospective method, such benefits are presented in the statement of cash flows as a financing activity rather than an operating activity.
73
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
As of December 31, 2006, there was $1.4 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock units that is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 4.3 years. Restricted stock units and activity for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, is as follows:
Shares |
Weighted-average grant-date fair value | ||||
(in thousands, except weighted- average grant-date fair value) | |||||
Nonvested restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2005 |
| $ | | ||
Granted during 2006 |
42 | 38.80 | |||
Nonvested restricted stock units outstanding at December 31, 2006 |
42 | $ | 38.80 | ||
The Company has an employee stock purchase plan that allows eligible employees to purchase common stock of the Company at 85.0% of the closing price on the last day of each month. Under the provisions of SFAS 123R, the Company recognized an expense of $1.0 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2006.
The impact of the adoption of SFAS 123R of the Companys consolidated publicly-traded subsidiary, First Advantage, have been included in the Companys consolidated financial statements. Disclosures related to the assumptions used by First Advantage to value its stock options have not been included and can be found in its Form 10-K for the corresponding period.
NOTE 17. Commitments and Contingencies:
Lease Commitments
The Company leases certain office facilities, automobiles and equipment under operating leases, which, for the most part, are renewable. The majority of these leases also provide that the Company will pay insurance and taxes. In December 2005, the Companys subsidiary, First American Real Estate Information Services, Inc. purchased, for $12.8 million, certain furniture and equipment that had been a part of a sale-leaseback transaction entered into in December 2000. In December 2004, the Company purchased, for $35.5 million, certain furniture and equipment that had been part of a sales-leaseback transaction entered into by the Company in December 1999. This equipment, along with additional equipment and software, was subsequently resold and leased back in a transaction that resulted in the Company recording a capitalized lease.
Future minimum rental payments under operating and capital leases that have initial or remaining noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:
Operating |
Capital |
||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||
Year |
|||||||
2007 |
$ | 230,981 | $ | 28,838 | |||
2008 |
173,973 | 53,238 | |||||
2009 |
119,668 | | |||||
2010 |
76,164 | | |||||
2011 |
52,719 | | |||||
Later years |
126,337 | | |||||
$ | 779,842 | 82,076 | |||||
Less: Amounts related to interest |
(6,125 | ) | |||||
$ | 75,951 | ||||||
74
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
Total rental expense for all operating leases and month-to-month rentals was $313.2 million, $280.4 million and $259.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Other commitments and guarantees
The Company and Experian are parties to a joint venture that resulted in the creation of the Companys FARES subsidiary. Pursuant to the terms of the joint venture, Experian has the right to sell to the Company its interest in FARES at a purchase price determined pursuant to a specified formula based on the after-tax earnings of FARES. Experian may only exercise this right if the purchase price is less than $160.0 million. As of December 31, 2006, the purchase price would have exceeded $160.0 million and, consequently, Experian could not exercise this right. In addition to the agreement with Experian, the Company is also party to several other agreements that require the Company to purchase some or all of the minority shares of certain less-than-100.0%-owned subsidiaries if certain conditions are met. The total potential purchase price related to those agreements that have met the necessary conditions as of December 31, 2006, was not material.
The Company also guarantees the obligations of certain of its subsidiaries. These obligations are included in the Companys consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2006.
NOTE 18. Stockholders Equity:
On October 23, 1997, the Company adopted a Shareholder Rights Plan (the Rights Plan). Under the Rights Plan, after the close of business on November 15, 1997, each holder of the Companys common shares received a dividend distribution of one Right for each common share held. Each Right entitles the holder thereof to buy a preferred share fraction equal to 1/100,000 of a share of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $265 per preferred share fraction. Each fraction is designed to be equivalent in voting and dividend rights to one common share.
The Rights will be exercisable and will trade separately from the common shares only if a person or group, with certain exceptions, acquires beneficial ownership of 15.0% or more of the Companys common shares or commences a tender or exchange offer that would result in such person or group beneficially owning 15.0% or more of the common shares then outstanding. The Company may redeem the Rights at $0.001 per Right at any time prior to the occurrence of one of these events. All Rights expire on October 23, 2007.
Each Right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the Rights then-current exercise price, preferred share fractions (or other securities of the Company) having a value of twice the Rights exercise price. This amounts to the right to buy preferred share fractions of the Company at half price. Rights owned by the party triggering the exercise of Rights will be void and, therefore, will not be exercisable.
In addition, if, after any person has become a 15.0%-or-more stockholder, the Company is involved in a merger or other business combination transaction with another person in which the Companys common shares are changed or converted, or if the Company sells 50.0% or more of its assets or earning power to another person, each Right will entitle its holder to purchase, at the Rights then-current exercise price, common stock of such other person (or its parent) having a value of twice the Rights exercise price.
On May 18, 2004, the Company announced that its Board of Directors adopted a plan authorizing the repurchase of $100 million of its common shares. On May 19, 2005, the Company announced an amendment to this plan increasing the amount of shares that the Company may repurchase to $200 million. On June 26, 2006, the Company announced a further amendment to this plan, increasing the amount of shares that may be
75
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
repurchased to $500 million. Between inception of the plan and December 31, 2006, the Company had repurchased and retired 3.9 million of its common shares for a total purchase price of $133.7 million.
NOTE 19. Other Comprehensive Income:
Comprehensive income is a more inclusive financial reporting methodology that includes disclosure of certain financial information that historically has not been recognized in the calculation of net income.
Components of other comprehensive income are as follows:
Unrealized gains on securities |
Minimum pension liability adjustment |
Pension benefit adjustment |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
|||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2003 |
$ | 5,321 | $ | (68,177 | ) | | $ | (62,856 | ) | |||||||
Pretax change |
1,534 | (29,329 | ) | | (27,795 | ) | ||||||||||
Tax effect |
(537 | ) | 10,127 | | 9,590 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2004 |
6,318 | (87,379 | ) | | (81,061 | ) | ||||||||||
Pretax change |
(14,754 | ) | (54,849 | ) | | (69,603 | ) | |||||||||
Tax effect |
5,651 | 19,197 | | 24,848 | ||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
(2,785 | ) | (123,031 | ) | | (125,816 | ) | |||||||||
Pretax change, including impact of adopting |
6,395 | 189,280 | $ | (275,376 | ) | (79,701 | ) | |||||||||
Tax effect |
101 | (66,249 | ) | 96,381 | 30,233 | |||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
$ | 3,711 | $ | | $ | (178,995 | ) | $ | (175,284 | ) | ||||||
The change in unrealized gains on debt and equity securities includes reclassification adjustments of $2.1 million, $0.8 million and $2.3 million of net realized gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
NOTE 20. Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies:
The Company and its subsidiaries have been named in various class action lawsuits related to their title insurance operations, including a number of cases alleging that the Company failed to charge the correct rate for title insurance policies issued in refinance transactions. In cases where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure for each case based on facts known to the Company. As of December 31, 2006, the Companys estimate of its range of exposure with respect to these lawsuits was $2.5 million to $8.7 million in the aggregate. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies (FAS 5), the Company maintained reserves for these lawsuits totaling $8.6 million and $9.6 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Expense recognized relating to these matters totaled $9.4 million, $6.6 million and $3.0 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these cases, either individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On January 25, 2005, a jury in the case of Chicago Title Insurance Corporation v. James A. Magnuson, et al. awarded damages in the amount of $43.2 million against a subsidiary of the Company. This matter involved
76
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
claims of violation of a non-competition agreement and intentional interference with contract. The judgment comprised a compensatory award of $10.8 million and a punitive damage award of $32.4 million. In October 2005, the trial court denied the Companys motions to set aside the damage awards, among other matters. An appeal with the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is pending. The Company continues to believe it has strong grounds to overturn this judgment. Pending the outcome of the appeal, during 2005 the Company recorded a reserve of $10.0 million in connection with this matter. This amount represents the Companys best estimate of its most likely loss based on its assessment of the likely outcome of the appeal. The Company arrived at this estimate after consultations with counsel who, based on various factors, including the likely outcome of legal challenges to the enforceability of the subject noncompetition agreement and the appropriateness of the punitive damage award, advised the Company that a reduction in the total damages assessed against the Company was likely to occur.
On June 15, 2006, a jury in the case of Security Title v. Linda Lorene Pope, et al. awarded damages in the amount of $41.3 million against a subsidiary of the Company. This matter involved a breach of fiduciary duty claim against Ms. Pope and an aiding and abetting claim against the Companys subsidiary. The judgment comprised a compensatory award of $6.3 million and a punitive damage award of $35.0 million. In connection with this matter, the Company recorded a reserve of $25.0 million in the second quarter of 2006, representing what was then the Companys estimate of its most likely loss in connection with the case. The Company arrived at this estimate after consultations with counsel who, based on various factors, including existing law on acceptable ratios of punitive to compensatory damages, advised the Company that a reduction in the punitive damage award was likely to occur on appeal. On February 14, 2007, the trial court set aside the $35.0 million punitive damage award against the Company. As a result, the Company reversed $18.0 million of the aforementioned $25.0 million accrual, and reflected this reversal in its financial statements as of December 31, 2006. The remaining $7.0 million reserve at December 31, 2006, represents the Companys best estimate of its loss based on its assessment of the likely outcome of this matter.
The Companys title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, thrift, trust and investment businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Companys other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to audit or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are auditing or investigating certain of the Companys operations. These audits or investigations include inquiries into, among other matters, pricing and rate setting practices in the title insurance industry, competition in the title insurance industry and title insurance customer acquisition and retention practices. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure for each matter based on facts known to the Company. As of December 31, 2006, the Companys estimate of its range of exposure with respect to these matters was $15.5 to $30.5 million in the aggregate. In accordance with FAS 5, the Company maintained reserves for these matters totaling $18.5 million and $0 at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Expense recognized relating to these matters totaled $18.5 million, $5.0 million, and $0 in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. While the ultimate disposition of each such audit or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate, they will have a material adverse effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. These audits or investigations could result in changes to the Companys business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
On December 19, 2006, and February 2, 2007, two purported shareholders of the Company named the Companys entire Board of Directors, certain of its officers and, nominally, the Company in shareholder derivative actions. The plaintiffs in these cases (Young v. Kennedy, et al., Case No. SACV06-1230 JVS (RNBx)
77
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
and Larson v. Kennedy, et al., Case No. SACV07-134 JVS(ANx)), both filed in the United States District Court for the Central District of California, assert claims for alleged violations of the federal securities laws, breach of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, constructive fraud, corporate waste, unjust enrichment, insider trading, gross mismanagement and related violations of the California Corporations Code, in connection with the Companys prior stock option granting practices and the related accounting and public disclosures surrounding such prior stock option granting practices. The plaintiffs seek, among other things, unspecified damages to be paid to the Company, disgorgement to the Company of profits from the alleged misconduct and reimbursement to the Company of certain compensation as well as changes to the Companys corporate governance and internal control procedures. The plaintiffs also seek the payment of their attorneys fees. The Company does not believe that these suits will have a material adverse impact on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company also is involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to its operations. While the ultimate disposition of each proceeding is not determinable, the Company does not believe that any of such proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 21. Business Combinations:
During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company completed 48 acquisitions. These acquisitions were not material, individually or in the aggregate. Of these acquisitions, 34 have been in the Companys title insurance segment, 1 in the Companys mortgage information segment, 2 in the Companys property information segment and 11 in the Companys First Advantage segment. The aggregate purchase price of the 37 acquisitions included in the Companys title insurance, mortgage information and property information segments was $121.3 million in cash, $98.8 million in notes payable and 806,383 shares of the Companys common stock valued at $31.9 million. The operating results of these acquired companies were included in the Companys consolidated financial statements from their respective acquisition dates. The 11 acquisitions included in the Companys First Advantage segment were completed by the Companys publicly traded subsidiary, First Advantage Corporation. The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was $32.0 million in cash, $5.8 million in notes payable, $3.2 million in deferred payments and 435,231 shares, valued at $10.2 million, of First Advantages Class A common stock. In accounting for the First Advantage shares issued in these acquisitions, the Company whose ownership interest is 76%, recorded a pretax gain of $9.3 million. The purchase price of each acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed using a variety of valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis. As a result of the 48 acquisitions, the Company recorded approximately $220.2 million of goodwill and $71.5 million of intangible assets with definite lives.
The Company is awaiting information necessary to finalize the purchase accounting adjustments for certain of these acquisitions and the final purchase price allocations could change the recorded assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2006, any changes, individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material effect on the Companys financial condition or results of operations.
In addition to the acquisitions discussed above, the Company also purchased the remaining minority interests in four companies already included in the Companys consolidated financial statements and an equity interest in 11 companies. The total purchase price of these transactions was $71.0 million in cash and $2.9 million in notes payable.
On September 14, 2005, the Company contributed its Credit Information Group to First Advantage in exchange for approximately 29.1 million shares of First Advantage Class B common stock. All of the parties
78
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
involved were under common control and accordingly, the transaction was accounted for using historical values and no gain or loss was recognized. First Advantage also issued approximately 1 million Class B shares to the Company in a $20 million debt-to-equity conversion. These transactions increased the Companys economic ownership interest in First Advantage from 67 percent to 80 percent. The Credit Information Group includes the Companys mortgage, automotive, consumer and sub-prime credit businesses.
NOTE 22. Segment Financial Information:
The Company has five reporting segments that fall within two primary business groups, financial services and information technology. The financial services group includes the Companys title insurance and services segment and its specialty insurance segment. The title insurance and services segment issues residential and commercial title insurance policies, accommodates tax-deferred exchanges and provides escrow services, investment advisory services, trust services and deposit and lending products and other related products and services. The specialty insurance segment issues property and casualty insurance policies and sells home warranty products. The Companys mortgage information, property information and First Advantage segments comprise its information technology group. The mortgage information segment offers real estate tax reporting and outsourcing, flood zone certification and monitoring, default management services, document preparation and other real estate related services. The property information segment licenses and analyzes data relating to real property offers risk management and collateral assessment analytics, and provides database management and appraisal services. The First Advantage segment provides specialty credit reports to the mortgage lending and automotive lending industries, maintains a credit reporting agency that offers credit reports on subprime borrowers, and provides employment background screening, drug-free workplace programs and other occupational health services, employee assistance programs, corporate tax and incentive services, resident screening, motor vehicle records, transportation business credit services, automotive lead generation services, investigative services, computer forensics and electronic discovery services, supply chain security and consumer location services.
The Company, through First American Title Insurance Company and its affiliates, transacts the business of title insurance through a network of direct operations and agents. Through this network, the Company issues policies in all states (except Iowa) and the District of Columbia. In Iowa, the Company provides abstracts of title only, because title insurance is not permitted by law. The Company also offers title services, either directly or through joint ventures, in Guam, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Bahamas, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Ireland, Latin America, New Zealand, South Korea, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Turkey, Spain and other territories and countries. The international operations account for an immaterial amount of the Companys income before income taxes and minority interests. Home warranty services are provided in 47 states throughout the United States and the District of Columbia. Property and casualty insurance is offered nationwide. The products offered by the three segments included in the information technology group are provided nationwide.
Corporate consists primarily of investment gains and losses, personnel and other operating expenses associated with the Companys corporate facilities, certain technology initiatives and unallocated interest expense. Eliminations consist of inter-segment revenues included in the results of the operating segments.
Commencing in the second quarter of 2006, the Company began allocating certain expenses which had previously been reported as corporate expenses to the title insurance, specialty insurance, mortgage information and property information segments. These expenses include costs associated primarily with a supplemental employee retirement plan, stock option expense and certain general expenses. The expenses associated with the supplemental retirement plan and the stock option plan were allocated to each segment based on actual costs. The
79
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
allocation of certain general expenses was made to the title insurance and specialty insurance segments based on their proportionate contribution to net operating revenues (operating revenues less agent retention, if applicable). Specifically, those segments were allocated corporate expenses in an amount equal to one percent of their respective net operating revenues. The mortgage and property segments had been receiving corporate expense allocations in an amount equal to one percent of their respective net operating revenues; therefore, no additional allocation was made to these segments. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2006 presentation.
Selected financial information about the Companys operations by segment for each of the past three years is as follows:
Revenues |
Depreciation and amortization |
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interests |
Assets |
Investment in affiliates |
Capital expenditures | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
2006 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 6,245,111 | $ | 81,617 | $ | 301,160 | $ | 4,497,728 | $ | 153,195 | $ | 74,050 | ||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
328,379 | 1,947 | 56,406 | 502,935 | | 5,657 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
531,639 | 21,338 | 123,662 | 861,679 | 3,910 | 18,063 | ||||||||||||||
Property Information |
622,805 | 40,129 | 151,904 | 984,536 | 110,413 | 74,319 | ||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
827,661 | 39,104 | 117,248 | 1,069,634 | 55,001 | 29,671 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate |
10,053 | 22,790 | (153,477 | ) | 307,773 | 90,801 | 18,000 | |||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(66,582 | ) | | | | | | |||||||||||||
$ | 8,499,066 | $ | 206,925 | $ | 596,903 | $ | 8,224,285 | $ | 413,320 | $ | 219,760 | |||||||||
2005 (as restated) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 6,023,214 | $ | 61,406 | $ | 540,851 | $ | 4,256,874 | $ | 135,772 | $ | 102,482 | ||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
290,511 | 2,243 | 47,557 | 461,738 | | 3,200 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
593,049 | 24,222 | 140,884 | 867,673 | 2,901 | 15,206 | ||||||||||||||
Property Information |
544,013 | 28,903 | 151,167 | 833,533 | 51,874 | 36,607 | ||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
654,753 | 27,519 | 103,549 | 994,248 | 36,281 | 19,102 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate |
23,885 | 13,146 | (86,266 | ) | 184,575 | 83,611 | 24,259 | |||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(24,674 | ) | | | | | | |||||||||||||
$ | 8,104,751 | $ | 157,439 | $ | 897,742 | $ | 7,598,641 | $ | 310,439 | $ | 200,856 | |||||||||
2004 (as restated) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance |
$ | 4,875,524 | $ | 43,876 | $ | 354,654 | $ | 3,360,417 | $ | 130,192 | $ | 121,863 | ||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
234,708 | 2,153 | 39,035 | 393,130 | | 1,857 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
660,780 | 26,610 | 174,338 | 1,024,896 | 1,989 | 22,223 | ||||||||||||||
Property Information |
443,276 | 24,987 | 126,024 | 741,190 | 39,154 | 20,541 | ||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
518,774 | 22,330 | 72,841 | 616,574 | 63,336 | 8,187 | ||||||||||||||
Corporate |
5,306 | 9,022 | (93,860 | ) | 80,329 | | 27,132 | |||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(16,042 | ) | | | | | | |||||||||||||
$ | 6,722,326 | $ | 128,978 | $ | 673,032 | $ | 6,216,536 | $ | 234,671 | $ | 201,803 | |||||||||
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THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS(Continued)
NOTE 23. Subsequent Event:
The Company merged its First American Real Estate Solutions (RES) division, a part of its FARES subsidiary, with Sacramento, Calif.-based CoreLogic Systems, Inc., a leading provider of mortgage risk assessment and fraud prevention solutions. The new, combined company is majority owned by the Company through its FARES joint venture with Experian. FARES owns approximately 82% of the economic interests of the combined company through the ownership of high vote Class B shares. CoreLogics stockholders own approximately 18% of the economic interests of the combined company through the ownership of Class A shares. In addition to the Class A shares, CoreLogics stockholders received cash consideration of $100 million. To finance the cash consideration, FARES has made a loan of $100 million to the combined company. FARES secured bank financing for the $100 million loan to the combined company.
81
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA 1
(Unaudited)
Quarter Ended | |||||||||||||||
March 31 |
June 30 |
September 30 |
December 31 | ||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | ||||||||||||||
2006 |
|||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 2,003,184 | $ | 2,003,184 | $ | 2,167,788 | $ | 2,167,972 | $ | 2,160,122 | |||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 137,725 | $ | 135,030 | $ | 74,019 | $ | 186,892 | $ | 200,962 | |||||
Net income |
$ | 69,695 | $ | 67,800 | $ | 25,476 | $ | 90,429 | $ | 103,971 | |||||
Net income per share: |
|||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | .73 | $ | .71 | $ | .26 | $ | .94 | $ | 1.08 | |||||
Diluted |
$ | .71 | $ | .69 | $ | .26 | $ | .92 | $ | 1.06 |
Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
March 31 |
June 30 |
September 30 |
December 31 | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||||||||
2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,704,484 | $ | 1,704,484 | $ | 2,014,450 | $ | 2,180,719 | $ | 2,205,098 | $ | 2,205,098 | ||||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 153,702 | $ | 151,796 | $ | 264,146 | $ | 274,031 | $ | 209,005 | $ | 207,769 | ||||||
Net income |
$ | 79,162 | $ | 77,556 | $ | 138,279 | $ | 147,992 | $ | 117,489 | $ | 116,553 | ||||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | .86 | $ | .85 | $ | 1.46 | $ | 1.55 | $ | 1.23 | $ | 1.22 | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | .83 | $ | .82 | $ | 1.41 | $ | 1.50 | $ | 1.19 | $ | 1.17 |
Quarter Ended | ||||||||||||
March 31 |
June 30 | |||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||
2004 |
||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,473,771 | $ | 1,473,771 | $ | 1,724,053 | $ | 1,724,053 | ||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 111,130 | $ | 109,575 | $ | 219,191 | $ | 218,395 | ||||
Net income |
$ | 54,956 | $ | 53,701 | $ | 116,526 | $ | 115,930 | ||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | .69 | $ | .68 | $ | 1.32 | $ | 1.32 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | .62 | $ | .61 | $ | 1.27 | $ | 1.27 | ||||
September 30 |
December 31 | |||||||||||
(as reported) | (as restated) | (as reported) | (as restated) | |||||||||
2004 |
||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,721,485 | $ | 1,721,485 | $ | 1,803,017 | $ | 1,803,017 | ||||
Income before income taxes and minority interests |
$ | 202,005 | $ | 201,239 | $ | 144,958 | $ | 143,823 | ||||
Net income |
$ | 107,215 | $ | 106,649 | $ | 70,402 | $ | 69,567 | ||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 1.21 | $ | 1.20 | $ | .78 | $ | .78 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 1.17 | $ | 1.17 | $ | .76 | $ | .75 |
1 |
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K, the Company has restated certain prior year financial statements to correct for errors in the accounting for stock options. The Company's quarterly financial statements for the periods ended June 30 and September 30, 2005, were previously restated in the Company's quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the respective periods in 2006. The restatement also impacts the quarters ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 and the quarter ended December 31, 2005, each of which are restated herein and will be reflected as such in future filings. In addition, each of the four quarters in the year ended December 31, 2004, are restated herein. Management believes that the impact of the restatement on each of the aforementioned quarterly periods is not material. |
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THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTSOTHER THAN INVESTMENTS IN RELATED PARTIES
(in thousands)
December 31, 2006
Column A |
Column B |
Column C |
Column D | ||||||
Type of investment |
Cost |
Market value |
Amount at which shown in the balance sheet | ||||||
Deposits with savings and loan associations and banks: |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 111,875 | $ | 111,875 | $ | 111,875 | |||
Debt securities: |
|||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 214,764 | $ | 209,666 | $ | 209,666 | |||
Corporate securities |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 212,933 | $ | 213,006 | $ | 213,006 | |||
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 120,422 | $ | 121,217 | $ | 121,217 | |||
Mortgage-backed securities |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 645,876 | $ | 642,026 | $ | 642,026 | |||
Total debt securities: |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,193,995 | $ | 1,185,915 | $ | 1,185,915 | |||
Equity securities: |
|||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 52,784 | $ | 53,988 | $ | 53,988 | |||
Other long-term investments: |
|||||||||
Registrant |
$ | 16,853 | $ | 16,853 | $ | 16,853 | |||
Consolidated |
$ | 578,738 | $ | 578,738 | $ | 578,738 | |||
Total investments: |
|||||||||
Registrant |
$ | 16,853 | $ | 16,853 | $ | 16,853 | |||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,937,392 | $ | 1,930,516 | $ | 1,930,516 | |||
83
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SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(in thousands)
BALANCE SHEET CAPTIONS
Column A |
Column B |
Column C |
Column D | ||||||
Segment |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |
Claims reserves |
Deferred revenues | ||||||
2006 |
|||||||||
Title Insurance and Services |
| $ | 861,360 | $ | 7,673 | ||||
Specialty Insurance |
$ | 27,057 | 43,872 | 153,561 | |||||
Mortgage Information |
| 26,001 | 549,207 | ||||||
Property Information |
| 5,756 | 30,077 | ||||||
First Advantage |
| | 12,948 | ||||||
Corporate |
| | | ||||||
Total |
$ | 27,057 | $ | 936,989 | $ | 753,466 | |||
2005 |
|||||||||
Title Insurance and Services |
| $ | 595,533 | $ | 2,074 | ||||
Specialty Insurance |
$ | 26,674 | 42,617 | 152,247 | |||||
Mortgage Information |
| 27,818 | 566,940 | ||||||
Property Information |
| 5,086 | 30,136 | ||||||
First Advantage |
| | 10,760 | ||||||
Corporate |
| | | ||||||
Total |
$ | 26,674 | $ | 671,054 | $ | 762,157 | |||
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THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
SUPPLEMENTARY INSURANCE INFORMATION
(in thousands)
INCOME STATEMENT CAPTIONS
Column A |
Column F |
Column G |
Column H |
Column I |
Column J |
Column K | |||||||||||||||||
Segment |
Operating revenues |
Net investment income |
Loss provision |
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs |
Other operating expenses |
Net premiums written | |||||||||||||||||
2006 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance and Services |
$ | 6,061,304 | $ | 183,807 | $ | 482,567 | | $ | 1,087,138 | | |||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
309,261 | 19,118 | 154,806 | $ | (383 | ) | 47,697 | $ | 123,737 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
525,066 | 6,573 | 18,378 | | 175,890 | | |||||||||||||||||
Property Information |
599,638 | 23,167 | 1,299 | | 188,098 | | |||||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
814,914 | 12,747 | (103 | ) | | 420,488 | | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
| 10,053 | | | 50,342 | | |||||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(65,879 | ) | (703 | ) | | | (39,161 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 8,244,304 | $ | 254,762 | $ | 656,947 | $ | (383 | ) | $ | 1,930,492 | $ | 123,737 | ||||||||||
2005 |
(as restated | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance and Services |
$ | 5,874,931 | $ | 148,283 | $ | 288,713 | | $ | 1,025,784 | | |||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
275,207 | 15,304 | 142,617 | $ | (1,195 | ) | 35,884 | $ | 117,581 | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
584,344 | 8,705 | 24,775 | | 172,867 | | |||||||||||||||||
Property Information |
511,852 | 32,161 | 929 | | 172,380 | | |||||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
637,411 | 17,342 | (4 | ) | | 336,718 | | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
| 23,885 | | | 13,884 | | |||||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(24,674 | ) | | | | (10,682 | ) | | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 7,859,071 | $ | 245,680 | $ | 457,030 | $ | (1,195 | ) | $ | 1,746,835 | $ | 117,581 | ||||||||||
2004 |
(as restated | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Title Insurance and Services |
$ | 4,786,036 | $ | 89,490 | $ | 198,295 | | $ | 927,161 | | |||||||||||||
Specialty Insurance |
220,340 | 14,368 | 122,649 | $ | 1,371 | 18,849 | $ | 127,513 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage Information |
653,562 | 7,218 | 27,314 | | 184,584 | | |||||||||||||||||
Property Information |
417,758 | 25,517 | 1,435 | | 132,766 | | |||||||||||||||||
First Advantage |
509,092 | 9,681 | (75 | ) | | 278,259 | | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate |
| 5,306 | | | 7,698 | | |||||||||||||||||
Eliminations |
(16,042 | ) | | | | (5,412 | ) | | |||||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 6,570,746 | $ | 151,580 | $ | 349,618 | $ | 1,371 | $ | 1,543,905 | $ | 127,513 | |||||||||||
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REINSURANCE
(in thousands, except percentages)
Segment |
Insurance operating revenues before reinsurance |
Ceded to other companies |
Assumed from other companies |
Insurance operating revenues |
Percentage of assumed to |
||||||
Title Insurance |
|||||||||||
2006 |
6,057,018 | 9,403 | 13,689 | 6,061,304 | 0.2 | % | |||||
2005 |
5,875,563 | 9,474 | 8,842 | 5,874,931 | 0.2 | % | |||||
2004 |
4,795,776 | 18,033 | 8,293 | 4,786,036 | 0.2 | % | |||||
Specialty Insurance |
|||||||||||
2006 |
127,474 | 6,982 | | 120,492 | 0.0 | % | |||||
2005 |
122,340 | 21,418 | | 100,922 | 0.0 | % | |||||
2004 |
135,238 | 59,143 | | 76,095 | 0.0 | % | |||||
86
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VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2006
Column A |
Column B |
Column C |
Column D |
Column E | |||||||||||||
Additions |
|||||||||||||||||
Description |
Balance at beginning of period |
Charged to costs and expenses |
Charged to other accounts |
Deductions from reserve |
Balance at end of period | ||||||||||||
Reserve deducted from accounts receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 67,473 | $ | 28,310 | $ | 33,316 | (A) | $ | 62,467 | ||||||||
Reserve for title losses and other claims: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 671,054 | $ | 656,947 | $ | (226 | ) | $ | 390,786 | (B) | $ | 936,989 | |||||
Reserve deducted from loans receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,410 | $ | 30 | $ | 1,440 | |||||||||||
Reserve deducted from assets acquired in connection with claim settlements: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,064 | $ | 236 | $ | 20 | (C) | $ | 1,280 | ||||||||
Reserve deducted from other assets: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 3,057 | $ | 96 | $ | | $ | 3,153 | |||||||||
Reserve deducted from deferred income taxes: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 5,828 | $ | 5,215 | $ | 11,043 | |||||||||||
Note AAmount represents accounts written off, net of recoveries.
Note BAmount represents claim payments, net of recoveries.
Note CAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with disposition and/or revaluation of the related asset.
87
SCHEDULE V
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AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2005
Column A |
Column B |
Column C |
Column D |
Column E | |||||||||||||
Additions |
|||||||||||||||||
Description |
Balance at beginning of period |
Charged to costs and expenses |
Charged to other accounts |
Deductions from reserve |
Balance at end of period | ||||||||||||
Reserve deducted from accounts receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 62,730 | $ | 23,089 | $ | 18,346 | (A) | $ | 67,473 | ||||||||
Reserve for title losses and other claims: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 526,516 | $ | 457,030 | $ | 51,704 | (B) | $ | 364,196 | (C) | $ | 671,054 | |||||
Reserve deducted from loans receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,350 | $ | 60 | $ | 1,410 | |||||||||||
Reserve deducted from assets acquired in connection with claim settlements: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,253 | $ | 142 | $ | 331 | (D) | $ | 1,064 | ||||||||
Reserve deducted from other assets: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 3,468 | $ | | $ | 411 | (E) | $ | 3,057 | ||||||||
Reserve deducted from deferred income taxes: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 42,532 | $ | 36,704 | (F) | $ | 5,828 | ||||||||||
Note AAmount represents accounts written off, net of recoveries.
Note BAmount represents net $51,704 in purchase accounting adjustments.
Note CAmount represents claim payments, net of recoveries.
Note DAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with disposition and/or revaluation of the related asset.
Note EAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with disposition and/or revaluation of the related asset.
Note FAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with the realizability of its deferred tax assets.
88
SCHEDULE V
3 OF 3
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2004
Column A |
Column B |
Column C |
Column D |
Column E | |||||||||||||
Additions |
|||||||||||||||||
Description |
Balance at beginning of period |
Charged to costs and expenses |
Charged to other accounts |
Deductions from reserve |
Balance at end of period | ||||||||||||
Reserve deducted from accounts receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 55,112 | $ | 18,289 | $ | 10,671 | (A) | $ | 62,730 | ||||||||
Reserve for title losses and other claims: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 435,852 | $ | 349,618 | $ | 10,146 | (B) | $ | 269,100 | (C) | $ | 526,516 | |||||
Reserve deducted from loans receivable: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,290 | $ | 60 | $ | 1,350 | |||||||||||
Reserve deducted from assets acquired in connection with claim settlements: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 1,202 | $ | 119 | $ | 68 | (D) | $ | 1,253 | ||||||||
Reserve deducted from other assets: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 3,570 | $ | | $ | 102 | (E) | $ | 3,468 | ||||||||
Reserve deducted from deferred income taxes: |
|||||||||||||||||
RegistrantNone |
|||||||||||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 43,429 | $ | 897 | (F) | $ | 42,532 | ||||||||||
Note AAmount represents accounts written off, net of recoveries.
Note BAmount represents net $10,146 in purchase accounting adjustments
Note CAmount represents claim payments, net of recoveries
Note DAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with disposition and/or revaluation of the related asset.
Note EAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with disposition and/or revaluation of the related asset.
Note FAmount represents elimination of reserve in connection with the realizability of its deferred tax assets.
89
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
The Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the fiscal year covered by this annual report on Form 10-K, the Companys disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) thereunder.
In coming to the conclusion that the Companys disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2006, the Companys Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer considered, among other things, the restatement of the Companys previously issued financial statements discussed in Note 1 to the Companys consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and concluded that a material weakness did not exist as of December 31, 2006.
There was no change in the Companys internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2006, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Managements Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of The First American Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Companys internal control over financial reporting has been designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and includes those policies and procedures that:
(1) | Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; |
(2) | Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company: and |
(3) | Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements. |
The Companys internal control over financial reporting includes policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and directors of the Company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Companys assets that could have a material effect on the Companys consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
90
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework. Based on that assessment under the framework in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, management determined that, as of December 31, 2006, the Companys internal control over financial reporting was effective.
Managements assessment of the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein on page 40 in Item 8, above.
Item 9B. Other Information
None
PART III
The information required by Items 10 through 14 of this report is set forth in the sections entitled Election of Directors, Executive Officers, Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance, Executive Compensation, Compensation Discussion and Analysis, Director Compensation, Codes of Ethics, Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation, Compensation Committee Report, Report of the Audit Committee, Who are the largest principal shareholders outside of management?, Security Ownership of Management, Principal Accounting Fees and Services and Transactions with Management and Others in the Companys definitive proxy statement, which sections are incorporated in this report and made a part hereof by reference. The definitive proxy statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the close of Registrants fiscal year.
91
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) 1. & 2. | Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules | |
The Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules filed as part of this report are listed in the accompanying index at page 39 in Item 8 of Part II of this report. | ||
3. | Exhibits. See Exhibit Index. (Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer of The First American Corporation, as defined by Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. §229.402(a)(3)), participates that is included among the exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index is identified on the Exhibit Index by an asterisk (*).) |
92
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
THE FIRST AMERICAN CORPORATION | ||
(Registrant) |
||
By |
/s/ PARKER S. KENNEDY | |
Parker S. Kennedy Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
Date: February 28, 2007 | ||
By |
/s/ FRANK V. MCMAHON | |
Frank V. McMahon Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) | ||
Date: February 28, 2007 |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ PARKER S. KENNEDY Parker S. Kennedy |
Chairman, CEO and Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ FRANK V. MCMAHON Frank V. McMahon |
Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer) |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ MAX O. VALDES Max O. Valdes |
Senior Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer) |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ GEORGE L. ARGYROS George L. Argyros |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ GARY J. BEBAN Gary J. Beban |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ J. DAVID CHATHAM J. David Chatham |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ WILLIAM G. DAVIS William G. Davis |
Director |
February 28, 2007 |
93
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ JAMES L. DOTI James L. Doti |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ LEWIS W. DOUGLAS, JR. Lewis W. Douglas, Jr. |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ D. P. KENNEDY D. P. Kennedy |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ FRANK OBRYAN Frank OBryan |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ ROSLYN B. PAYNE Roslyn B. Payne |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ D. VAN SKILLING D. Van Skilling |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ HERBERT B. TASKER Herbert B. Tasker |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ MARY LEE WIDENER Mary Lee Widener |
Director |
February 28, 2007 | ||
/s/ VIRGINIA UEBERROTH Virginia Ueberroth |
Director |
February 28, 2007 |
94
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
(3)(a) | Restated Articles of Incorporation of The First American Financial Corporation dated July 14, 1998, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 3.1 of Amendment No. 1, dated July 28, 1998, to the Companys Registration Statement No. 333-53681 on Form S-4. | |
(3)(b) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Articles of Incorporation of The First American Financial Corporation dated April 23, 1999, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (3) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1999. | |
(3)(c) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Articles of Incorporation of The First American Financial Corporation dated May 11, 2000, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 3.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 12, 2000. | |
(3)(d) | Bylaws of The First American Corporation, as amended, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (3) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005. | |
(4)(a) | Rights Agreement, dated as of October 23, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4 of Registration Statement on Form 8-A dated November 7, 1997. | |
(4)(b) | Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of April 22, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (4.2) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. | |
(4)(c) | Form of New 8.50% Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.2 of Registration Statement No. 333-35945 on Form S-4 dated September 18, 1997. | |
(4)(d) | Certificate of Trust of First American Capital Trust I, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.3 of Registration Statement No. 333-35945 on Form S-4 dated September 18, 1997. | |
(4)(e) | Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of First American Capital Trust I dated as of April 22, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (4.3) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1997. | |
(4)(f) | Form of New 8.50% Capital Security (Liquidation Amount $1,000 per Capital Security), incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.6 of Registration Statement No. 333-35945 on Form S-4 dated September 18, 1997. | |
(4)(g) | Form of New Guarantee Agreement, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.7 of Registration Statement No. 333-35945 on Form S-4 dated September 18, 1997. | |
(4)(h) | Senior Indenture, dated as of April 7, 1998, between The First American Financial Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company as Trustee, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (4) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1998. | |
(4)(i) | Form of Underwriting Agreement, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 1.1 of Pre-effective Amendment No. 2 to Registration Statement No 333-116855 on Form S-3 dated July 19, 2004. | |
(4)(j) | Form of First Supplemental Indenture, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.2 of Registration Statement 333-116855 on Form S-3 dated June 25, 2004. | |
(4)(k) | Form of Senior Note, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.3 of Registration Statement 333-116855 on Form S-3 dated June 25, 2004. | |
*(10)(a) | Description of Stock Bonus Plan, as amended. | |
*(10)(b) | Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan dated April 10, 1986, and Amendment No. 1 thereto dated October 1, 1986. | |
*(10)(c) | Amendment No. 2, dated March 22, 1990, to Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan. | |
*(10)(d) | Amendment No. 3, dated July 7, 1998, to Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(d) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. |
95
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
*(10)(e) | Amendment No. 4, dated March 22, 2000, to Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(c) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(f) | Amendment No. 5, dated July 19, 2000, to Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(e) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. | |
*(10)(g) | Amendment No. 6, dated September 1, 2005, to Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10(b) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005. | |
*(10)(h) | Management Supplemental Benefit Plan dated July 20, 1988. | |
*(10)(i) | Amendment No. 1, dated July 7, 1998, to Management Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(f) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(j) | Amendment No. 2, dated March 22, 2000, to Management Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(h) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(k) | Amendment No. 3, dated July 19, 2000, to Management Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(f) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. | |
*(10)(l) | Amendment No. 4, dated September 1, 2005, to Management Supplemental Benefit Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2005. | |
*(10)(m) | Pension Restoration Plan (effective as of January 1, 1994), incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(c) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1996. | |
*(10)(n) | Amendment No. 1, dated July 19, 2000, to Pension Restoration Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. | |
*(10)(o) | Amendment No. 2, dated August 1, 2001, to Pension Restoration Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2001. | |
*(10)(p) | 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4 of Registration Statement No. 333-19065 on Form S-8 dated December 30, 1996. | |
*(10)(q) | Amendment No. 1, dated February 26, 1998, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(i) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(r) | Amendment No. 2, dated June 22, 1998, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(j) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(s) | Amendment No. 3, dated July 7, 1998, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(k) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(t) | Amendment No. 4, dated April 22, 1999, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 1999. | |
*(10)(u) | Amendment No. 5, dated February 29, 2000, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(o) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(v) | Amendment No. 6, dated July 19, 2000, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(b) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. |
96
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
*(10)(w) | Amendment No. 7, dated June 4, 2002, to 1996 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for quarter ended June 30, 2002. | |
*(10)(x) | Change in Control Agreement (Executive Form) dated November 12, 1999, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(p) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(y) | Change in Control Agreement (Management Form) dated November 12, 1999, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(q) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(z) | 1997 Directors Stock Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 4.1 of Registration Statement No. 333-41993 on Form S-8 dated December 11, 1997. | |
*(10)(aa) | Amendment No. 1 to 1997 Directors Stock Plan, dated February 26, 1998, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(m) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(bb) | Amendment No. 2 to 1997 Directors Stock Plan, dated July 7, 1998, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(n) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998. | |
*(10)(cc) | Amendment No. 3, dated July 19, 2000, to 1997 Directors Stock Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(c) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. | |
*(10)(dd) | The First American Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan dated March 10, 2000, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(v) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(ee) | Amendment No. 1, dated July 19, 2000, to Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(d) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2000. | |
*(10)(ff) | Amendment No. 2, dated February 1, 2003, to Deferred Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2003. | |
*(10)(gg) | The First American Financial Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan Trust Agreement dated March 10, 2000, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(w) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 1999. | |
*(10)(hh) | Employment offer letter dated February 21, 2006 from The First American Corporation to Frank V. McMahon, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.2 of Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2006. | |
*(10)(ii) | Letter dated July 16, 2003 regarding the retirement of D.P. Kennedy, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10(ii) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. | |
*(10)(jj) | Stock Option Award Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2006, between The First American Corporation and Frank V. McMahon, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2006. | |
*(10)(kk) | Restricted Stock Award Agreement, dated as of March 31, 2006, between The First American Corporation and Frank V. McMahon, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 31, 2006. | |
*(10)(ll) | The First American Corporation 2006 Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference herein from Appendix A of the Definitive Proxy Statement of the Company filed on April 10, 2006. |
97
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
(10)(mm) | Contribution and Joint Venture Agreement by and among The First American Financial Corporation and Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al., dated November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(nn) | Agreement of Amendment, dated June 30, 2003, by and between The First American Corporation and Experian Information Solutions, Inc., incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003. | |
(10)(oo) | Second Agreement of Amendment, dated September 23, 2003, by and between The First American Corporation and Experian Information Solutions, Inc., incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(b) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2003. | |
(10)(pp) | Omnibus Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2005, by and between The First American Corporation, Experian Information Solutions, Inc. and First American Real Estate Solutions LLC, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005. | |
(10)(qq) | Amended and Restated Omnibus Agreement, dated as of June 22, 2005, by and between The First American Corporation, Experian Information Solutions, Inc. and First American Real Estate Solutions LLC, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(a) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005. | |
(10)(rr) | Fourth Agreement of Amendment, dated as of February 1, 2007, by and between The First American Corporation and Experian Information Solutions, Inc., incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.1 of Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2007. | |
(10)(ss) | Operating Agreement for First American Real Estate Solutions LLC, a California Limited Liability Company, By and Among First American Real Estate Information Services, Inc., and Experian Information Solutions, Inc., et al., dated November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(b) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(tt) | Data License Agreement dated November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(d) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(uu) | Reseller Services Agreement dated as of November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(g) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(vv) | Amendment to Reseller Services Agreement For Resales to Consumers, dated as of November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(h) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(ww) | Trademark License Agreement between Experian Information Solutions, Inc. and First American Real Estate Solutions LLC, dated as of November 30, 1997, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(i) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998. | |
(10)(xx) | Credit Agreement, dated as of August 4, 2004 between The First American Corporation, JP Morgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent, and certain other Lenders party thereto, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2004. | |
(10)(yy) | Amendment No. 2, dated as of July 18, 2005 to the Credit Agreement dated as of August 4, 2004 between The First American Corporation, JP Morgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent, and certain other Lenders party thereto, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(b) of Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2005. | |
(10)(zz) | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2005, between The First American Corporation, JP Morgan Chase Bank, as Administrative Agent, and certain other Lenders party thereto, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit (10)(vv) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005. |
98
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
(10)(aaa) | Waiver, dated August 9, 2006, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 9, 2006. | |
(10)(bbb) | Amendment No. 1 and Waiver, dated November 3, 2006, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated November 3, 2006. | |
(10)(ccc) | Master Lease Financing Agreement, dated as of December 29, 2004, between General Electric Capital Corporation, for Itself and as Agent for Certain Participants, and First American Title Insurance Company, together with Equipment Schedule No. 1 and Equipment Schedule No. 2, incorporated by reference from Exhibit (10)(ss) of Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004. | |
10(ddd) | Credit Agreement, dated as of February 2, 2007, among First American Real Estate Solutions LLC and Wells Fargo Bank, NA, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.2 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2007. | |
10(eee) | Continuing Guaranty, dated as of February 2, 2007, among The First American Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, NA, incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 99.3 to Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 1, 2007. | |
*(10)(fff) | Arrangement regarding compensation of the special subcommittee of the Audit Committee, incorporated by reference herein to the description contained in the Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 24, 2006. | |
(21) | Subsidiaries of the registrant. | |
(23) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
(31)(a) | Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Act of 1934. | |
(31)(b) | Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. | |
(32)(a) | Certification by Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. | |
(32)(b) | Certification by Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350. |
* | Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer participates. |
99