UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2011
Commission File Number: 001-32739
HealthSpring, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware | 20-1821898 | |
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
9009 Carothers Parkway Suite 501 Franklin, Tennessee |
37067 | |
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) |
(615) 291-7000
(Registrants Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated Filer | x | Accelerated Filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated Filer | ¨ | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuers classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Outstanding at August 1, 2011 | ||
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 Per Share | 67,900,492 Shares |
Part I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements. |
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
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Assets | ||||||||
Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 260,977 | $ | 191,459 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net |
356,260 | 168,893 | ||||||
Funds due for the benefit of members |
| 83,429 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
18,757 | 15,459 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
13,510 | 17,481 | ||||||
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Total current assets |
649,504 | 476,721 | ||||||
Investment securities available for sale |
572,656 | 551,207 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
66,504 | 60,017 | ||||||
Goodwill |
839,001 | 839,001 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
345,980 | 365,884 | ||||||
Restricted investments |
28,698 | 29,136 | ||||||
Risk corridor receivable from CMS |
51,174 | | ||||||
Other assets |
54,756 | 26,637 | ||||||
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Total assets |
$ | 2,608,273 | $ | 2,348,603 | ||||
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Liabilities and Stockholders Equity | ||||||||
Current liabilities: |
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Medical claims liability |
$ | 447,118 | $ | 350,217 | ||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other |
68,970 | 101,915 | ||||||
Book overdraft |
| 19,629 | ||||||
Risk corridor payable to CMS |
6,570 | 7,780 | ||||||
Funds held for the benefit of members |
30,458 | | ||||||
Current portion of long-term debt |
37,350 | 61,226 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities |
590,466 | 540,767 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
104,621 | 104,301 | ||||||
Long-term debt, less current portion |
307,436 | 565,649 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
6,951 | 5,755 | ||||||
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Total liabilities |
1,009,474 | 1,216,472 | ||||||
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Stockholders equity: |
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Common stock, $.01 par value, 180,000,000 shares authorized, 71,995,822 issued and 67,901,158 outstanding at June 30, 2011, and 61,905,457 issued and 57,850,709 outstanding at December 31, 2010 |
720 | 619 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
904,946 | 569,024 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
751,130 | 622,988 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net |
5,363 | 1,495 | ||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 4,094,664 shares at June 30, 2011, and 4,054,748 shares at December 31, 2010 |
(63,360 | ) | (61,995 | ) | ||||
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Total stockholders equity |
1,598,799 | 1,132,131 | ||||||
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Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 2,608,273 | $ | 2,348,603 | ||||
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months
Ended June 30, |
Six Months
Ended June 30, |
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2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Revenue: |
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Premium revenue |
$ | 1,362,733 | $ | 756,342 | $ | 2,748,869 | $ | 1,505,720 | ||||||||
Management and other fees |
15,236 | 10,590 | 27,665 | 20,778 | ||||||||||||
Investment income |
3,382 | 1,547 | 6,706 | 2,423 | ||||||||||||
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Total revenue |
1,381,351 | 768,479 | 2,783,240 | 1,528,921 | ||||||||||||
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Operating expenses: |
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Medical expense |
1,106,962 | 604,933 | 2,277,375 | 1,217,452 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
120,765 | 66,216 | 256,950 | 142,746 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
15,854 | 7,510 | 30,616 | 15,297 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
5,978 | 2,254 | 16,254 | 12,225 | ||||||||||||
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Total operating expenses |
1,249,559 | 680,913 | 2,581,195 | 1,387,720 | ||||||||||||
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Income before income taxes |
131,792 | 87,566 | 202,045 | 141,201 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(47,870 | ) | (31,791 | ) | (73,903 | ) | (51,625 | ) | ||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 83,922 | $ | 55,775 | $ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||||||
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Net income per common share: |
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Basic |
$ | 1.25 | $ | 0.98 | $ | 2.05 | $ | 1.57 | ||||||||
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Diluted |
$ | 1.23 | $ | 0.98 | $ | 2.01 | $ | 1.56 | ||||||||
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Weighted average common shares outstanding: |
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Basic |
66,993,009 | 56,917,219 | 62,420,033 | 57,069,994 | ||||||||||||
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Diluted |
68,157,850 | 57,049,980 | 63,637,734 | 57,302,567 | ||||||||||||
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See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Six Months
Ended June 30, |
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2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
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Net income |
$ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
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Depreciation and amortization |
30,616 | 15,297 | ||||||
Share-based compensation |
4,974 | 4,777 | ||||||
Amortization of deferred financing cost |
4,469 | 958 | ||||||
Amortization on bond investments |
4,724 | 1,088 | ||||||
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliate |
(206 | ) | (228 | ) | ||||
Deferred tax benefit |
(5,255 | ) | (5,501 | ) | ||||
Write-off of deferred financing fees |
| 5,079 | ||||||
Increase (decrease) in cash due to: |
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Accounts receivable |
(219,715 | ) | (121,229 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
3,894 | (13,850 | ) | |||||
Medical claims liability |
96,901 | 14,222 | ||||||
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other current liabilities |
(33,890 | ) | (7,042 | ) | ||||
Risk corridor payable to/receivable from CMS |
(52,384 | ) | (25,539 | ) | ||||
Other |
1,349 | 1,598 | ||||||
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Net cash used in operating activities |
(36,381 | ) | (40,794 | ) | ||||
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Cash flows from investing activities: |
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Additional consideration paid on acquisition |
| (610 | ) | |||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(17,774 | ) | (5,544 | ) | ||||
Purchases of investment securities |
(91,299 | ) | (327,257 | ) | ||||
Maturities of investment securities |
45,436 | 50,075 | ||||||
Sales of investment securities |
25,863 | 51,666 | ||||||
Purchases of restricted investments |
(11,572 | ) | (32,522 | ) | ||||
Maturities of restricted investments |
11,982 | 28,025 | ||||||
Other |
85 | 87 | ||||||
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Net cash used in investing activities |
(37,279 | ) | (236,080 | ) | ||||
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Cash flows from financing activities: |
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Funds received for the benefit of the members |
1,027,785 | 416,917 | ||||||
Funds withdrawn for the benefit of members |
(913,898 | ) | (388,385 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock, net |
301,464 | | ||||||
Proceeds received on issuance of debt |
| 200,000 | ||||||
Payments on long-term debt |
(282,089 | ) | (266,347 | ) | ||||
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised |
6,660 | 124 | ||||||
Proceeds from stock options exercised |
22,926 | 477 | ||||||
Change in book overdraft |
(19,629 | ) | | |||||
Purchase of treasury stock |
| (14,304 | ) | |||||
Payment of debt issue costs |
(41 | ) | (7,334 | ) | ||||
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Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
143,178 | (58,852 | ) | |||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
69,518 | (335,726 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
191,459 | 439,423 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 260,977 | $ | 103,697 | ||||
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Supplemental disclosures: |
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Cash paid for interest |
$ | 13,085 | $ | 6,050 | ||||
Cash paid for taxes |
$ | 86,905 | $ | 55,628 |
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(1) Organization and Basis of Presentation
HealthSpring, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company), was organized in October 2004 and began operations in March 2005 in connection with a recapitalization transaction accounted for as a purchase. The Company is a managed care organization whose primary focus is on Medicare, the federal government sponsored health insurance program primarily for persons aged 65 and older, qualifying disabled persons, and persons suffering from end-stage renal disease. Through its health maintenance organization (HMO) and regulated insurance subsidiaries, the Company operates Medicare Advantage health plans in the states of Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and the District of Columbia and also offers both national and regional stand-alone Medicare Part D prescription drug plans (PDPs). The Company also provides management services to physician practices.
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of HealthSpring, Inc. as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010, included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on February 25, 2011 (the 2010 Form 10-K).
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the Companys financial position as of June 30, 2011 and the Companys results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in complete financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations applicable to interim financial statements. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (including normally recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the Companys financial position at June 30, 2011, its results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and its cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010.
The results of operations for the 2011 interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2011.
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the period. The most significant item subject to estimates and assumptions is the actuarial calculation for obligations related to medical claims. Other significant items subject to estimates and assumptions include the Companys estimated risk adjustment payments receivable from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), the valuation of goodwill and intangible assets, the useful life of definite-lived intangible assets, the valuation of debt securities carried at fair value, and certain amounts recorded related to the Companys Part D operations, including risk corridor adjustments and rebates. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates and assumptions.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of variable interest entities (VIEs) of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. As of November 30, 2010, in connection with the acquisition of Bravo Health, Inc. (Bravo Health), the Company holds interest in certain physician practices that are considered VIEs because the physician practices may not have sufficient capital to finance their activities separate from the revenue received from the Company. The Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary and, under the VIE accounting rules, is deemed to control the physician entities, which have been
6
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
consolidated. Revenues and net loss from VIEs were $4.3 million and $128,000, respectively, for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and $8.5 million and $362,000, respectively, for the six months ended June 30, 2011. Total assets of VIEs were $3.3 million as of June 30, 2011. The Company held no variable interests requiring consolidation prior to November 30, 2010.
The Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries are restricted from making distributions without appropriate regulatory notifications and approvals or to the extent such distributions would cause non-compliance with statutory capital requirements. At June 30, 2011, $690.8 million of the Companys $862.3 million of cash, cash equivalents, investment securities, and restricted investments were held by the Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries and subject to these restrictions.
(2) Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
Effective January 1, 2010, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Boards (FASBs) updated guidance related to fair value measurements and disclosures, which requires a reporting entity to disclose separately the amounts of significant transfers in and out of Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurements and to describe the reasons for the transfers. In addition, effective January 1, 2011, the Company adopted FASBs updated guidance requiring a reporting entity to disclose separately Level 3 information about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the reconciliation for fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs. The updated guidance also requires an entity to should provide fair value measurement disclosures for each class of assets and liabilities and disclosures about the valuation techniques and inputs used to measure fair value for both recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements for Level 2 and Level 3 fair value measurements. The guidance was effective for interim or annual financial reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2009, except for the disclosures about purchases, sales, issuances, and settlements in the roll forward activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, which were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2010 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of the updated guidance for fair value measurements did not have an impact on the Companys consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
In December 2010, FASB provided additional guidance on disclosure of supplementary pro forma information for business combinations. The guidance provided by FASB resolves uncertainty related to pro forma disclosures by indicating that revenue and earnings of the combined entity should be presented as though the business combination that occurred during the current year had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. These rules are effective on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010; with early adoption permitted. As these rules pertain to disclosure items only, the adoption of such rules will not have an impact on the Companys consolidated results of operations or financial condition.
(3) Acquisition of Bravo Health, Inc.
On November 30, 2010, the Company acquired all the of the outstanding stock of Bravo Health, Inc., an operator of Medicare Advantage coordinated care plans in Pennsylvania, the Mid-Atlantic region, and Texas, and a Medicare Part D stand-alone prescription drug plan in 43 states and the District of Columbia. The Company acquired Bravo Health for approximately $545.0 million in cash, subject to a post-closing positive or negative adjustment (not to exceed $10.0 million). The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration resulting from such post-closing adjustment was $10.0 million as of December 31, 2010. As a result of finalizing the post-closing adjustment for $7.0 million, the Company recorded income of $3.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2011. Such amount is included in management and other fee revenue on the Companys condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company expects the final post-closing adjustment of $7.0 million to be paid to sellers during the three months ended September 30, 2011.
The Companys acquisition of Bravo Health was funded by borrowings of approximately $480.0 million under a new credit facility and the use of cash on hand. The Companys new credit facility is described in Note 14 Debt. The results of operations for Bravo Health are included in the Companys consolidated financial statements beginning December 1, 2010.
7
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Purchase Price Allocation
The total preliminary purchase price and the fair value of contingent consideration were allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets based upon their fair values as of November 30, 2010. The excess of the preliminary purchase price over the net tangible and intangible assets was recorded as goodwill. The areas of the preliminary purchase price allocation that are not yet finalized relate to both current and non-current deferred taxes which are subject to change, pending the finalization of certain tax returns.
Unaudited Pro Forma Information
The following summary of unaudited pro forma financial information presents revenue, net income and per share data of the Company, as if the acquisition of Bravo Health had occurred at the beginning of the period presented:
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | Three Months ended June 30, 2010 |
Six Months ended June 30, 2010 |
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Revenue |
$ | 1,192,518 | $ | 2,363,273 | ||||
Net income available to common stockholders |
63,259 | 95,069 | ||||||
Pro forma earnings per share: |
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Basic |
$ | 1.11 | $ | 1.67 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 1.11 | $ | 1.66 |
The unaudited pro forma information includes the results of operations for Bravo Health for the period prior to the acquisition, with adjustments to give effect to pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition and have a continuing impact, but excludes the impact of pro forma events that are directly attributable to the acquisition and are one-time occurrences. The pro forma information includes adjustments for interest expense on long-term debt and reduced investment income related to the cash used to fund the acquisition, additional depreciation and amortization associated with the purchase, and the related income tax effects. The unaudited pro forma information does not give effect to the potential impact of current financial conditions, regulatory matters or any anticipated synergies, operating efficiencies or cost savings that may be associated with the acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and may not be indicative of the results of operations had Bravo Health been owned by the Company for the period presented, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results of operations.
(4) Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
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Medicare premium receivables |
$ | 180,350 | $ | 59,030 | ||||
Rebates |
140,383 | 90,148 | ||||||
Due from providers |
35,414 | 19,126 | ||||||
Other |
9,736 | 5,106 | ||||||
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365,883 | 173,410 | |||||||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
(9,623 | ) | (4,517 | ) | ||||
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$ | 356,260 | $ | 168,893 | |||||
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8
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Medicare premium receivables at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 include $171.5 million and $52.2 million, respectively, of receivables from CMS related to the accrual of retroactive risk adjustment payments. Such balance at June 30, 2011 will be collected from CMS in the 2011 third quarter. Additionally, as of June 30, 2011 $32.3 million of receivables from CMS related to the accrual of retroactive risk adjustment payments is classified as non-current and included in other assets on the Companys condensed consolidated balance sheet. Accounts receivable relating to unpaid health plan enrollee premiums are recorded during the period the Company is obligated to provide services to enrollees and do not bear interest. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its health plan enrollees.
Rebates for drug costs represent estimated rebates owed to the Company from prescription drug companies. The Company has entered into contracts with certain drug manufacturers which provide for rebates to the Company based on the utilization of specific prescription drugs by the Companys members. Due from providers primarily includes management fees receivable as well as amounts owed to the Company for the refund of certain medical expenses paid by the Company under risk sharing agreements.
(5) Investment Securities
Investment securities, which consist primarily of debt securities, have been categorized as available for sale. The Company holds no held to maturity or trading securities. Investment securities are classified as non-current assets based on the Companys intention to reinvest such assets upon sale or maturity and to not use such assets in current operations.
Available for sale securities are recorded at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses (net of applicable deferred taxes) on available for sale securities are included as a component of stockholders equity and comprehensive income until realized from a sale or other than temporary impairment. Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities are determined on a specific identification basis. Purchases and sales of investments are recorded on their trade dates. Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.
Available for sale securities at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 were as follows (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |
Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |
Estimated Fair Value |
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Government obligations |
$ | 32,772 | 319 | | 33,091 | |||||||||||
Agency obligations |
19,972 | 106 | (40 | ) | 20,038 | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
201,482 | 3,187 | (144 | ) | 204,525 | |||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
178,039 | 2,651 | (489 | ) | 180,201 | |||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
1,513 | | (4 | ) | 1,509 | |||||||||||
Other structured securities |
14,023 | 395 | | 14,418 | ||||||||||||
Municipal bonds |
116,448 | 2,430 | (4 | ) | 118,874 | |||||||||||
$ | 564,249 | 9,088 | (681 | ) | 572,656 | |||||||||||
9
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Holding Gains |
Gross Unrealized Holding Losses |
Estimated Fair Value |
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Government obligations |
$ | 28,228 | 123 | (53 | ) | 28,298 | ||||||||||
Agency obligations |
33,712 | 77 | (251 | ) | 33,538 | |||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
196,109 | 1,726 | (741 | ) | 197,094 | |||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
154,612 | 1,243 | (653 | ) | 155,202 | |||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
6,374 | 76 | (150 | ) | 6,300 | |||||||||||
Other structured securities |
14,138 | 228 | (38 | ) | 14,328 | |||||||||||
Municipal bonds |
115,758 | 1,158 | (469 | ) | 116,447 | |||||||||||
$ | 548,931 | 4,631 | (2,355 | ) | 551,207 | |||||||||||
Realized gains or losses related to investment securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 were immaterial.
Maturities of investments at June 30, 2011 were as follows (in thousands):
Amortized Cost |
Estimated Fair Value |
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Due within one year |
$ | 37,631 | 37,826 | |||||
Due after one year through five years |
301,314 | 306,196 | ||||||
Due after five years through ten years |
30,890 | 31,664 | ||||||
Due after ten years |
839 | 842 | ||||||
Mortgage and asset-backed securities |
193,575 | 196,128 | ||||||
$ | 564,249 | 572,656 | ||||||
Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2011, were as follows (in thousands):
Less Than 12 Months |
More Than 12 Months |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
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Agency obligations |
$ | (40 | ) | 2,987 | | | (40 | ) | 2,987 | |||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
(144 | ) | 29,643 | | | (144 | ) | 29,643 | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
(489 | ) | 47,155 | | | (489 | ) | 47,155 | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
(4 | ) | 1,355 | | | (4 | ) | 1,355 | ||||||||||||||||
Municipal bonds |
(4 | ) | 1,371 | | | (4 | ) | 1,371 | ||||||||||||||||
$ | (681 | ) | 82,511 | | | (681 | ) | 82,511 | ||||||||||||||||
Gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair value of the related securities, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2010, were as follows (in thousands):
10
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Less Than 12 Months |
More Than 12 Months |
Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
Unrealized Losses |
Fair Value |
|||||||||||||||||||
Government obligations |
$ | (53 | ) | 12,924 | | | (53 | ) | 12,924 | |||||||||||||||
Agency obligations |
(251 | ) | 25,930 | | | (251 | ) | 25,930 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
(741 | ) | 91,908 | | | (741 | ) | 91,908 | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
(653 | ) | 78,537 | | | (653 | ) | 78,537 | ||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
(150 | ) | 5,840 | | | (150 | ) | 5,840 | ||||||||||||||||
Other structured securities |
(38 | ) | 1,922 | | | (38 | ) | 1,922 | ||||||||||||||||
Municipal bonds |
(469 | ) | 40,746 | | | (469 | ) | 40,746 | ||||||||||||||||
$ | (2,355 | ) | 257,807 | | | (2,355 | ) | 257,807 | ||||||||||||||||
The Company reviews fixed maturities and equity securities with a decline in fair value from cost for impairment based on criteria that include duration and severity of decline; financial viability and outlook of the issuer; and changes in the regulatory, economic, and market environment of the issuers industry or geographic region.
All issuers of securities the Company owned in an unrealized loss as of June 30, 2011 remain current on all contractual payments. The unrealized losses on investments were caused by an increase in investment yields as a result of a widening of credit spreads. The contractual terms of these investments do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost of the investment. The Company determined that it did not intend to sell these investments and that it was not more-likely-than-not to be required to sell these investments prior to their recovery, thus these investments are not considered other-than-temporarily impaired.
(6) Fair Value Measurements
The Companys 2011 second quarter condensed consolidated balance sheet includes the following financial instruments: cash and cash equivalents; accounts receivable; investment securities; restricted investments; accounts payable; medical claims liabilities; funds due (held) from CMS for the benefit of members; and long-term debt. The carrying amounts of accounts receivable, funds due (held) from CMS for the benefit of members, accounts payable, and medical claims liabilities approximate their fair value because of the relatively short period of time between the origination of these instruments and their expected realization. The fair value of the Companys long-term debt (including the current portion) was $342.9 million at June 30, 2011 and consisted solely of non-tradable bank debt. The Company obtains the fair value of its debt from a third party that uses market observations to determine fair value.
Cash and cash equivalents consist of such items as certificates of deposit, money market funds, and certain U.S. Government securities with an original maturity of three months or less. The original cost of these assets approximates fair value due to their short-term maturity. In February 2010, the Company terminated its interest rate swap agreements in connection with the termination of the related credit agreement. See Note 9 Derivatives and Note 14 Debt. The fair values of investment securities is determined by quoted market prices or pricing models developed using market data provided by a third party vendor.
The following are the levels of the hierarchy and a brief description of the type of valuation information (inputs) that qualifies a financial asset for each level:
11
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Level Input |
Input Definition | |
Level I | Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets at the measurement date. | |
Level II | Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level I that are observable for the asset or liability through corroboration with market data at the measurement date. | |
Level III | Unobservable inputs that reflect managements best estimate of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability at the measurement date. |
When quoted prices in active markets for identical debt securities are available, the Company uses these quoted market prices to determine the fair value of debt securities and classifies these assets as Level I. In other cases where a quoted market price for identical debt securities in an active market is either not available or not observable, the Company obtains the fair value from a third party vendor that bases the fair value on quoted market prices of identical or similar securities or uses pricing models, such as matrix pricing, to determine fair value. These debt securities would then be classified as Level II. In the event quoted market prices were not available, the Company would determine fair value using broker quotes or an internal analysis of each investments financial statements and cash flow projections. In these instances, financial assets would be classified based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the valuation. Thus, financial assets might be classified in Level III even though there could be some significant inputs that may be readily available.
There were no transfers to or from Levels I and II during the six months ended June 30, 2011. The following tables summarize fair value measurements by level at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 260,977 | $ | | $ | | $ | 260,977 | ||||||||
Investments: available for sale securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Government obligations |
$ | 25,585 | $ | 7,506 | $ | | $ | 33,091 | ||||||||
Agency obligations |
| 20,038 | | 20,038 | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
1,706 | 202,819 | | 204,525 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
| 180,201 | | 180,201 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
| 1,509 | | 1,509 | ||||||||||||
Other structured securities |
| 14,418 | | 14,418 | ||||||||||||
Municipal securities |
| 118,874 | | 118,874 | ||||||||||||
$ | 27,291 | $ | 545,365 | $ | | $ | 572,656 | |||||||||
12
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
Level I | Level II | Level III | Total | |||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 191,459 | $ | | $ | | $ | 191,459 | ||||||||
Investments: available for sale securities: |
||||||||||||||||
Government obligations |
$ | 21,943 | $ | 6,355 | $ | | $ | 28,298 | ||||||||
Agency obligations |
| 33,538 | | 33,538 | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
| 197,094 | | 197,094 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Residential) |
| 155,202 | | 155,202 | ||||||||||||
Mortgage-backed securities (Commercial) |
| 6,300 | | 6,300 | ||||||||||||
Collateralized mortgage obligations |
| 2,252 | | 2,252 | ||||||||||||
Other structured securities |
| 12,076 | | 12,076 | ||||||||||||
Municipal securities |
| 116,447 | | 116,447 | ||||||||||||
$ | 21,943 | $ | 529,264 | $ | | $ | 551,207 | |||||||||
(7) Medical Liabilities
The Companys medical liabilities at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
|||||||
Fee-for-service medical liabilities |
$ | 288,034 | $ | 258,832 | ||||
Pharmacy liabilities |
80,335 | 45,785 | ||||||
Provider incentives and other medical payments |
69,267 | 38,065 | ||||||
Other medical liabilities |
9,482 | 7,535 | ||||||
$ | 447,118 | $ | 350,217 | |||||
(8) Medicare Part D
Total Part D related net assets (excluding medical claims payable) of $75.6 million at December 31, 2010 all relate to the 2010 CMS plan year. The Companys Part D related assets and liabilities (excluding medical claims payable) at June 30, 2011 were as follows (in thousands):
Related to the 2010 plan year |
Related to the 2011 plan year |
Total | ||||||||||
Current assets (liabilities): |
||||||||||||
Funds due for the benefit of members |
$ | 97,240 | $ | (127,698 | ) | $ | (30,458 | ) | ||||
Risk corridor payable to CMS |
$ | (6,570 | ) | $ | | $ | (6,570 | ) | ||||
Non-current assets: |
||||||||||||
Risk corridor receivable from CMS |
$ | | $ | 51,174 | $ | 51,174 | ||||||
Balances associated with Part D related assets and liabilities are expected to be settled in the second half of the year following the year to which they relate. Current year Part D amounts are routinely updated in subsequent periods as a result of retroactivity.
13
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(9) Derivatives
In October 2008, the Company entered into two interest rate swap agreements in a total notional amount of $100.0 million, relating to the floating interest rate component of the term loan agreement under its 2007 credit agreement. In February 2010, the Company terminated its interest rate swap agreements in connection with the termination of the 2007 credit agreement. See Note 14 Debt. The interest rate swap agreements were classified as cash flow hedges.
All derivatives were recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. To the extent that the cash flow hedges were effective, changes in their fair value were recorded in other comprehensive income until earnings were affected by the variability of cash flows of the hedged transaction (e.g. until periodic settlements of a variable asset or liability were recorded in earnings). Any hedge ineffectiveness (which represents the amount by which the changes in the fair value of the derivatives differ from changes in the fair value of the hedged instrument) was recorded in current-period earnings. As a result of terminating the interest rate swap agreements, the Company settled the swap obligations with the counterparties for approximately $2.0 million and reclassified such amount from other comprehensive income to interest expense during the first quarter of 2010.
The Company had no derivative financial instruments outstanding at June 30, 2011 or December 31, 2010.
A summary of the effect of cash flow hedges on the Companys financial statements for the periods presented is as follows (in thousands):
Effective Portion | ||||||||||||||||||||
Type of Cash Flow Hedge |
Pretax Hedge Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income |
Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Hedge
Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |
Ineffective Portion | ||||||||||||||||
Income Statement Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized |
Hedge Gain (Loss) Recognized |
|||||||||||||||||||
For the three months ended June 30, 2011: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | | Interest Expense | $ | | None | $ | | ||||||||||||
For the three months ended June 30, 2010: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | | Interest Expense | $ | | None | $ | | ||||||||||||
For the six months ended June 30, 2011: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | | Interest Expense | $ | | None | $ | | ||||||||||||
For the six months ended June 30, 2010: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate swaps |
$ | 38 | Interest Expense | $ | (1,253 | ) | None | $ | | |||||||||||
(10) Intangible Assets
A breakdown of the identifiable intangible assets and their assigned value and accumulated amortization at June 30, 2011 is as follows (in thousands):
14
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Gross
Carrying Amount |
Accumulated Amortization |
Net | ||||||||||
Trade names (indefinite-lived) |
$ | 39,497 | $ | | $ | 39,497 | ||||||
Trade names (definite-lived) |
3,800 | 221 | 3,579 | |||||||||
Non-compete agreements |
800 | 800 | | |||||||||
Provider networks |
149,378 | 37,496 | 111,882 | |||||||||
Medicare member networks |
243,320 | 55,115 | 188,205 | |||||||||
Licenses |
2,000 | 116 | 1,884 | |||||||||
Management contract right |
1,555 | 622 | 933 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
$ | 440,350 | $ | 94,370 | $ | 345,980 | |||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization expense on identifiable intangible assets for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 was approximately $10.0 million and $4.5 million, respectively. Amortization expense on identifiable intangible assets for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 was approximately $19.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively.
(11) Stockholders Equity
March 2011 Equity Offering
On March 29, 2011, the Company completed an underwritten public offering of 8,625,000 shares of its common stock. The shares were resold by the underwriters at a price of $35.95 per share. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering, after offering expenses and underwriting discounts, were $301.5 million. The Company used $263.4 million of the net proceeds for the repayment of indebtedness. See Note 14 Debt.
Stock Repurchase Program
In May 2010, the Companys Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to buy back up to $100.0 million of the Companys common stock through June 30, 2011. The program expired on June 30, 2011. During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company did not repurchase any shares pursuant to the repurchase program. As of June 30, 2011, the Company had repurchased 837,634 shares of its common stock under the program in open market transactions for approximately $14.3 million, or at an average cost of $17.10 per share.
(12) Share-Based Compensation
PerformanceBased Equity Awards
Prior to 2011, vesting restrictions with respect to equity awards to the Companys executive officers were based on time and continued service, not performance measures. Beginning with annual equity awards made to certain executive officers in 2011, the Company has committed that at least 50% of such awards (in terms of number of shares) made pursuant to the Companys Amended and Restated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2006 Plan) will be in the form of performance-based equity awards that are earned or paid out based on the achievement of performance targets, rather than purely time-based vesting.
Pricing of performance-based awards and the term of such awards are similar to the Companys other equity awards; however, vesting of the performance grants over a four-year period is contingent upon the achievement of performance targets. Performance targets are set at the date of grant with threshold and maximum levels. A diluted earnings per share target cumulated over a two-year period was used for performance-based awards granted in 2011. The number of awards that ultimately vests, if any, is dependent on the cumulative earnings per share actually attained. The fair values of the performance awards are estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes method option-pricing model and related valuation assumptions for stock awards. The amount of compensation expense for performance-based stock awards will be recognized by the Company based on the probable achievement
15
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
of the established performance targets, which are assessed each quarter. Based on such assessment, as of June 30, 2011 no compensation expense had been recorded for performance-based awards.
Stock Options
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company granted options to purchase 146,558 shares of common stock pursuant to the 2006 Plan, of which 72,697 were in the form of performance-based option awards. Options to purchase 5,102 shares of common stock either were forfeited or expired during the six months ended June 30, 2011. Options to purchase approximately 1.2 million shares of common stock were exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2011. Options to purchase approximately 2.5 million shares of common stock were unexercised and outstanding at June 30, 2011. Options, including performance-based options, vest and become exercisable generally over a four-year period and expire 10 years from their grant dates.
Restricted Stock
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company granted 252,558 shares of restricted stock to employees pursuant to the 2006 Plan, of which 30,142 shares were in the form of performance-based restricted stock awards, the vesting provisions for which are discussed above. The restrictions on restricted stock awards, including performance-based awards, generally lapse over a four-year period. Additionally, 21,437 shares were purchased by certain executives pursuant to the Management Stock Purchase Plan (the MSPP). The restrictions on shares purchased under the MSPP generally lapse on the second anniversary of the grant date. Unvested restricted stock at June 30, 2011 totaled 823,857 shares.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company awarded 20,716 shares of restricted stock to certain of its directors pursuant to the 2006 Plan, all of which were outstanding at June 30, 2011. The restrictions relating to the restricted stock awarded to non-employee directors in 2011 generally lapse one year from the grant date. In the event a director resigns or is removed prior to the lapsing of the restriction, or if the director fails to attend 75% of the board and applicable committee meetings during the one-year period, shares will be forfeited unless resignation or failure to attend is caused by death or disability.
(13) Net Income Per Common Share
The following table presents the calculation of the Companys net income per common share basic and diluted (in thousands, except share data):
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 83,922 | $ | 55,775 | $ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding basic |
66,993,009 | 56,917,219 | 62,420,033 | 57,069,994 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of stock options |
863,974 | 44,949 | 924,993 | 88,500 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of unvested restricted shares |
300,867 | 87,812 | 292,708 | 144,073 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding diluted |
68,157,850 | 57,049,980 | 63,637,734 | 57,302,567 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income per common share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 1.25 | $ | 0.98 | $ | 2.05 | $ | 1.57 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Diluted |
$ | 1.23 | $ | 0.98 | $ | 2.01 | $ | 1.56 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
Diluted earnings per share (EPS) reflects the potential dilution that could occur from outstanding equity plan awards, including unexercised stock options and unvested restricted shares. The dilutive effect is computed using the treasury stock method, which assumes all share-based awards are exercised and the hypothetical proceeds from exercise are used by the Company to purchase common stock at the average market price during the period. The incremental shares (difference between shares assumed to be issued versus purchased), to the extent they would have been dilutive, are included in the denominator of the diluted EPS calculation. Restricted stock awards and options to purchase common stock with respect to 2.1 million shares and 4.8 million shares were antidilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Restricted stock awards and options to purchase common stock with respect to 2.1 million shares and 4.7 million shares were antidilutive and therefore excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
(14) Debt
Long-term debt at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consisted of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
|||||||
Credit agreement |
$ | 344,786 | $ | 626,875 | ||||
Less: current portion of long-term debt |
(37,350 | ) | (61,226 | ) | ||||
Long-term debt less current portion |
$ | 307,436 | $ | 565,649 | ||||
February 2010 Credit Facility
On February 11, 2010, the Company entered into a $350.0 million credit agreement (the Prior Credit Agreement), which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, provided for a five-year, $175.0 million term loan credit facility and a four-year, $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the Prior Credit Facilities). Proceeds from the Prior Credit Facilities, together with cash on hand, were used to fund the repayment of $237.0 million in term loans outstanding under the Companys 2007 credit agreement and transaction expenses related thereto.
Borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement accrued interest on the basis of either a base rate or a LIBOR rate plus, in each case, an applicable margin depending on the Companys debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio. The Company also paid a commitment fee of 0.375% on the actual daily unused portions of the Prior Credit Facilities.
In connection with entering into the Prior Credit Agreement, the Company wrote-off unamortized deferred financing costs of approximately $5.1 million incurred in connection with the 2007 credit agreement. The Company also terminated its interest rate swap agreements, which resulted in a payment of approximately $2.0 million to the swap counterparties. Such amounts are classified as interest expense and are reflected in the financial results of the Company for the quarter ended March 31, 2010.
Bravo Health Acquisition Indebtedness
In connection with the acquisition of Bravo Health, the Company and its existing lenders and certain additional lenders amended and restated the Prior Credit Agreement in the form of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Restated Credit Agreement) on November 30, 2010 to provide for, among other things, the acquisition financing. As amended, the Restated Credit Agreement provides for the following:
| $355.0 million in term loan A indebtedness maturing in February 2015 comprised of: |
| $175.0 million of term loan A indebtedness as Existing Term Loan A ($166.3 million of which was outstanding prior to the acquisition); and |
17
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
| $180.0 million of new term loan A indebtedness as New Term Loan A (funded at the closing of the acquisition); |
| $175.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in February 2014 (the Revolving Credit Facility, $100.0 million of which was drawn at the closing); and |
| $200.0 million of new term loan B indebtedness maturing in November 2016 (New Term Loan B which was funded at the closing). |
The Revolving Credit Facility, Existing Term Loan A, New Term Loan A, and New Term Loan B are sometimes referred to herein as the Credit Facilities.
Borrowings under the Restated Credit Agreement accrue interest on the basis of either a base rate or LIBOR plus, in each case, an applicable margin depending on the Companys total debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio (450 basis points for LIBOR borrowings under New Term Loan B and 325 basis points for LIBOR borrowings under the other Credit Facilities at June 30, 2011). With respect to New Term Loan B indebtedness, the Restated Credit Agreement includes a minimum LIBOR of 1.5%. The Company also is required to pay a commitment fee of 0.375% per annum on the daily unused portions of the Revolving Credit Facility. The effective interest rate on borrowings under the Credit Facilities was 4.4% as of June 30, 2011. The Revolving Credit Facility matures, the commitments thereunder terminate, and all amounts then outstanding thereunder are payable on February 11, 2014. The $175.0 million Revolving Credit Facility, which is available for working capital and general corporate purposes including capital expenditures and permitted acquisitions, was undrawn as of June 30, 2011.
Under the Restated Credit Agreement, Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A are payable in quarterly principal installments. Prior to June 30, 2013, each quarterly principal installment payable in respect of each of Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A will be in an amount equal to 2.5% of the aggregate initial principal amount of Existing Term Loan A or New Term Loan A, as the case may be, and for principal installments payable on June 30, 2013 and thereafter, that percentage increases to 3.75%. The entire outstanding principal balance of each of Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A is due and payable at maturity on February 11, 2015.
Under the Restated Credit Agreement, New Term Loan B is payable in quarterly principal installments, each in an amount equal to 0.25% of the aggregate initial principal amount (as adjusted for certain prepayments) of New Term Loan B. The entire outstanding principal balance of New Term Loan B is due and payable at maturity on November 30, 2016.
The net proceeds from certain asset sales, casualty and condemnation events, and certain incurrences of indebtedness (subject, in the cases of asset sales and casualty and condemnation events, to certain reinvestment rights), a portion of the net proceeds from equity issuances and, under certain circumstances, the Companys excess cash flow, are required to be used to make prepayments in respect of loans outstanding under the Credit Facilities. The Company used $263.4 million of the net proceeds from the underwritten public offering of its common stock for the repayment of indebtedness in March 2011.
In connection with entering into the Prior Credit Agreement, the Company incurred financing costs of approximately $7.3 million, which were capitalized in February 2010. In connection with entering into the Restated Credit Agreement, the Company incurred financing costs of approximately $19.5 million, which were capitalized in November 2010. These capitalized cost amounts have been accounted for as deferred financing fees and are being amortized over the term of the Restated Credit Agreement using the interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded $1.1 million of related amortization expense which amortization was accelerated as a result of the $263.4 million repayment of debt discussed above. Such amortization expense is classified as interest expense in the financial results of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The unamortized balance of such deferred financing costs at June 30, 2011 totaled $20.4 million and is included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
18
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
(15) Comprehensive Income
The following table presents details supporting the determination of comprehensive income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 83,922 | $ | 55,775 | $ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||||||
Net unrealized gain on available for sale investment securities, net of tax |
3,966 | 2,223 | 3,868 | 1,992 | ||||||||||||
Net gain on interest rate swaps, net of tax |
| | | 23 | ||||||||||||
Reclass of accumulated other comprehensive income on interest rate swap termination (1) |
| | | 1,253 | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive income, net of tax |
$ | 87,888 | $ | 57,998 | $ | 132,010 | $ | 92,844 | ||||||||
(1) | Accumulated other comprehensive income balances related to interest rate swap derivatives that were reclassified to interest expense and recognized in the three months ended March 31, 2010. See Note 9, Derivatives. |
(16) Segment Information
The Company reports its business in four segments: Medicare Advantage, stand-alone PDP, other, and Corporate. Medicare Advantage (MA-PD) consists of Medicare-eligible beneficiaries receiving healthcare benefits, including prescription drugs, through a coordinated care plan qualifying under Part C and Part D of the Medicare Program. Stand-alone PDP (PDP) consists of Medicare-eligible beneficiaries receiving prescription drug benefits on a stand-alone basis in accordance with Medicare Part D. The Companys other segment is insignificant and includes the Companys Medicaid and commercial insurance lines of business. The Company commenced its Medicaid operations in 2011 while its commercial insurance operations have been insignificant since 2008. The Corporate segment consists of corporate expenses not allocated to the other reportable segments. These segment groupings are also consistent with information used by the Companys chief executive officer in making operating decisions.
The accounting policies of each segment are the same and are described in Note 1 to the 2010 Form 10-K. The results of each segment are measured and evaluated by earnings before interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and income taxes (EBITDA). The Company does not allocate certain corporate overhead amounts (classified as selling, general and administrative expenses, or SG&A) or interest expense to the segments. The Company evaluates interest expense, income taxes, and asset and liability details on a consolidated basis as these items are managed in a corporate shared service environment and are not the responsibility of segment operating management.
Revenue includes premium revenue, management and other fee income, and investment income.
Asset and equity details by reportable segment have not been disclosed, as the Company does not internally report such information.
Financial data by reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows (in thousands):
19
HEALTHSPRING, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
MA-PD | PDP | Other | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Three months ended June 30, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,136,651 | $ | 243,453 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 15 | $ | 1,381,351 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
157,363 | 10,466 | (2,614 | ) | (11,591 | ) | 153,624 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
12,983 | 674 | | 2,197 | 15,854 | |||||||||||||||
Three months ended June 30, 2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 652,898 | $ | 115,395 | $ | 176 | $ | 10 | $ | 768,479 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
99,662 | 4,162 | (291 | ) | (6,203 | ) | 97,330 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
6,238 | | | 1,272 | 7,510 | |||||||||||||||
Six months ended June 30, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 2,253,178 | $ | 528,459 | $ | 1,574 | $ | 29 | $ | 2,783,240 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
281,163 | (7,013 | ) | (4,990 | ) | (20,245 | ) | 248,915 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
25,521 | 1,353 | | 3,742 | 30,616 | |||||||||||||||
Six months ended June 30, 2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,283,302 | $ | 244,871 | $ | 722 | $ | 26 | $ | 1,528,921 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
181,831 | (601 | ) | (9 | ) | (12,498 | ) | 168,723 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
12,430 | 31 | | 2,836 | 15,297 |
The Company uses segment EBITDA as an analytical indicator for purposes of assessing segment performance, as is common in the healthcare industry. Segment EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles and segment EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other companies.
A reconciliation of reportable segment EBITDA to net income included in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, |
Six Months Ended June 30, |
|||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
EBITDA |
$ | 153,624 | $ | 97,330 | $ | 248,915 | $ | 168,723 | ||||||||
Income tax expense |
(47,870 | ) | (31,791 | ) | (73,903 | ) | (51,625 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense |
(5,978 | ) | (2,254 | ) | (16,254 | ) | (12,225 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(15,854 | ) | (7,510 | ) | (30,616 | ) | (15,297 | ) | ||||||||
Net Income |
$ | 83,922 | $ | 55,775 | $ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||||||
20
Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2010, appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 25, 2011 (the 2010 Form 10-K). Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historical fact are forward-looking statements that the company intends to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are predictive in nature, that depend on or refer to future events or conditions, or that include words such as anticipates, believes, could, estimates, expects, intends, may, plans, potential, predicts, projects, should, will, would, and similar expressions are forward-looking statements.
The Company cautions that forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and are based on assumptions and subject to risks and uncertainties. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
In evaluating any forward-looking statement, you should specifically consider the information set forth under the captions Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2010 Form 10-K and the information set forth under Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in our earnings and other press releases, as well as other cautionary statements contained elsewhere in this report, including the matters discussed in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors below and Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates. We undertake no obligation beyond that required by law to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available or other events occur in the future. You should read this report and the documents that we reference in this report and have filed as exhibits to this report completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
Overview
General
HealthSpring, Inc. (the Company or HealthSpring) is one of the countrys largest operators of coordinated care plans whose primary focus is Medicare, the federal government-sponsored health insurance program primarily for persons aged 65 and older, qualifying disabled persons, and persons suffering from end-stage renal disease. On November 30, 2010, HealthSpring acquired Bravo Health, Inc. (Bravo Health), an operator of Medicare Advantage coordinated care plans in Pennsylvania, the Mid-Atlantic region, and Texas, and a Medicare Part D stand-alone prescription drug plan in 43 states and the District of Columbia. We currently operate Medicare Advantage plans in Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and the District of Columbia. We also offer national and regional stand-alone Medicare Part D prescription drug plans. The Company also provides management services to physician practices. We sometimes refer to our Medicare Advantage plans, including plans providing prescription drug benefits, or MA-PD, collectively as Medicare Advantage plans and our stand-alone prescription drug plans as our PDPs. For purposes of additional analysis, the Company provides membership and certain financial information, including premium revenue and medical expense, for our Medicare Advantage (including MA-PD) plans and PDPs.
We report our business in four segments: Medicare Advantage; PDP; other; and Corporate. The following discussion of our results of operations includes a discussion of revenue and certain expenses by reportable segment. See Segment Information below for additional information related thereto.
21
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
On June 16, 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2011-05, Presentation of Comprehensive Income, which amends Topic 200, Comprehensive Income, to facilitate the convergence of US GAAP with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). ASU No. 2011-05 amendments (1) eliminate the option to present components of other comprehensive income (OCI) in the statement of changes in shareholders equity, and (2) permit presentation of total comprehensive income and components of net income in a single statement of comprehensive income, or in two separate, consecutive statements. The amendments do not change current treatment of items in OCI, transfer of items from OCI, or reporting items in OCI net of the related tax impact. ASU No. 2011-05 is effective for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2011, and December 15, 2012, for public entities and nonpublic entities, respectively. Early adoption is permitted since compliance with the amendments is already permitted. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the companys financial statements.
On May 12, 2011, the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) issued guidance on fair value measurement and disclosure requirements outlined in IFRS 13, Fair Value Measurement, and ASU No. 2011-04, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820)Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRS. The amendments do not require additional fair value measurements; they explain how to measure fair value, revise wording to ensure that fair value has the same meaning in U.S. GAAP and IFRS, and harmonize disclosure requirements. In addition, ASU No. 2011-04 expands disclosure requirements in FASB ASC Topic 820, particularly for Level 3 inputs. ASU No. 2011-04 supersedes most of the guidance in FASB ASC Topic 820. The amendments in ASU No. 2011-04 must be applied prospectively. For public entities, the amendments are effective during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Early application by public entities is not permitted. The adoption of this update is not expected to have a material impact on the companys financial statements.
In September 2010, the Emerging Issues Task Force issued EITF Issue 09-G, Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts (EITF Issue 09-G), which modifies the types of costs incurred by insurance entities that can be capitalized in the acquisition of new and renewal insurance contracts. The Task Force reached a final consensus that requires costs to be incremental or directly related to the successful acquisition of new or renewal contracts to be capitalized as a deferred acquisition cost. EITF Issue 09-G is effective for the Company beginning with its interim period ended March 31, 2012 with either prospective or retrospective application permitted. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that EITF Issue 09-G will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Results of Operations
The consolidated results of operations include the accounts of HealthSpring and its subsidiaries. The following table sets forth the consolidated statements of income data expressed in dollars (in thousands) and as a percentage of total revenue for each period indicated:
22
Three Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Premium revenue |
$ | 1,362,733 | 98.6 | % | $ | 756,342 | 98.4 | % | ||||||||
Management and other fees |
15,236 | 1.1 | 10,590 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Investment income |
3,382 | 0.3 | 1,547 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenue |
1,381,351 | 100.0 | % | 768,479 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Medical expense |
1,106,962 | 80.2 | 604,933 | 78.7 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
120,765 | 8.7 | 66,216 | 8.6 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
15,854 | 1.2 | 7,510 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
5,978 | 0.4 | 2,254 | 0.3 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total operating expenses |
1,249,559 | 90.5 | 680,913 | 88.6 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income before income taxes |
131,792 | 9.5 | 87,566 | 11.4 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(47,870 | ) | (3.4 | ) | (31,791 | ) | (4.1 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income |
$ | 83,922 | 6.1 | % | $ | 55,775 | 7.3 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||||||
Premium revenue |
$ | 2,748,869 | 98.8 | % | $ | 1,505,720 | 98.4 | % | ||||||||
Management and other fees |
27,665 | 1.0 | 20,778 | 1.4 | ||||||||||||
Investment income |
6,706 | 0.2 | 2,423 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total revenue |
2,783,240 | 100.0 | % | 1,528,921 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Medical expense |
2,277,375 | 81.8 | 1,217,452 | 79.6 | ||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
256,950 | 9.2 | 142,746 | 9.3 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
30,616 | 1.1 | 15,297 | 1.0 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
16,254 | 0.6 | 12,225 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Total operating expenses |
2,581,195 | 92.7 | 1,387,720 | 90.8 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Income before income taxes |
202,045 | 7.3 | 141,201 | 9.2 | ||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(73,903 | ) | (2.7 | ) | (51,625 | ) | (3.3 | ) | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Net income |
$ | 128,142 | 4.6 | % | $ | 89,576 | 5.9 | % | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Membership
Our primary source of revenue is monthly premium payments we receive based on membership enrolled in one of our Medicare health plans. The following table summarizes our membership as of the dates specified:
June 30, | December 31, | June 30, | ||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2010 | ||||||||||
Medicare Advantage Membership |
||||||||||||
Alabama |
32,740 | 30,148 | 30,724 | |||||||||
Florida |
38,451 | 37,022 | 35,975 | |||||||||
Pennsylvania |
69,325 | 63,044 | N/A | |||||||||
Tennessee |
71,474 | 65,533 | 64,791 | |||||||||
Texas |
81,504 | 71,105 | 48,070 | |||||||||
Other |
42,954 | 37,752 | 17,876 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total |
336,448 | 304,604 | 197,436 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Medicare PDP Membership |
835,246 | 724,394 | 394,599 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Medicare Advantage. Our Medicare Advantage membership increased by 70.4% to 336,448 members at June 30, 2011 as compared to 197,436 members at June 30, 2010. Our Medicare Advantage net membership gain of 139,012 members since June 30, 2010 reflects the inclusion of Bravo Health members, focused sales and marketing
23
efforts during the enrollment period, and better retention rates resulting from, we believe, the relative attractiveness of our various plans benefits.
PDP. PDP membership increased by 111.7% to 835,246 members at June 30, 2011 as compared to 394,599 at June 30, 2010, primarily as a result of the inclusion of Bravo Healths PDP and the auto-assignment of new members at the beginning of the year. We do not actively market our PDPs and have relied on CMS auto-assignments of dual-eligible beneficiaries for membership. We continue to receive assignments or otherwise enroll dual-eligible beneficiaries in our PDPs during lock-in and expect incremental growth for the balance of the year.
Medicaid. On May 1, 2011 the Company began serving STAR+PLUS members under the Texas Medicaid STAR+PLUS program which provides health care coverage to seniors and other persons with disabilities in the six-county service area in and around Fort Worth, Texas. We had 1,350 Medicaid STAR+PLUS members at June 30, 2011.
Comparison of the Three-Month Period Ended June 30, 2011 to the Three-Month Period Ended June 30, 2010
Revenue
Total revenue was $1.4 billion in the three-month period ended June 30, 2011 as compared with $768.5 million for the same period in 2010, representing an increase of $612.9 million, or 79.8%. The components of revenue were as follows:
Premium Revenue: Total premium revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $1.4 billion as compared with $756.3 million in the same period in 2010, representing an increase of $606.4 million, or 80.2%. The components of premium revenue and the primary reasons for changes were as follows:
Medicare Advantage: Medicare Advantage (including MA-PD) premiums were $1.1 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2011 as compared to $640.8 million in the second quarter of 2010, representing an increase of $477.3 million, or 74.5%. The increase in Medicare Advantage premiums in 2011 was primarily attributable to the inclusion of Bravo Health membership for the 2011 second quarter and to an 8.5% increase in membership in the HealthSpring health plans compared to the 2010 second quarter. Premiums per member per month (PMPM) for the 2011 second quarter averaged $1,113, which reflects an increase of 2.8% as compared to the 2010 second quarter. The increase in PMPM premiums in the current quarter was primarily the result of including PMPM premiums in the Bravo Health Pennsylvania and Mid-Atlantic markets and increased risk adjustment payments.
PDP: PDP premiums (after risk corridor adjustments) were $243.4 million in the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $115.4 million in the same period of 2010, an increase of $128.0 million, or 111.0%. The increase in premiums for the 2011 second quarter was primarily the result of the inclusion of Bravo Health Part D membership and premium revenue for the 2011 second quarter. Our average PMPM premiums (after risk corridor adjustments) were $97 in the 2011 second quarter, compared with $98 in the 2010 second quarter.
Management and other Fee Income: Management and other fee income was $15.2 million in the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $10.6 million in the same period of 2010, an increase of $4.6 million or 43.9%. The increase for the 2011 second quarter included a $3.0 million gain recorded to reflect the settlement of a contingent purchase price liability to the former Bravo Health shareholders that was lower than previously estimated.
Investment Income: Investment income in the 2011 second quarter increased $1.8 million compared with the 2010 second quarter as a result of increases in invested balances, including the invested assets of Bravo Health.
24
Medical Expense
Medicare Advantage. Medicare Advantage (including MA-PD) medical expense for the three months ended June 30, 2011 increased $388.2 million, or 77.7%, to $887.4 million from $499.2 million for the comparable period of 2010, which was primarily attributable to membership increases in the 2011 period. For the three months ended June 30, 2011, the Medicare Advantage MLR was 79.4% as compared to 77.9% for the same period of 2010. The increase in the 2011 second quarter MLR was primarily the result of the inclusion of Bravo Health, which has historically experienced higher MLRs than the Companys other health plans, and as a result of increases in 2011 member benefits. The increase in MLR was partially offset by lower MLRs in certain of the Companys other health plans resulting from favorable inpatient utilization in the 2011 second quarter. Our Medicare Advantage medical expense calculated on a PMPM basis was $883 for the three months ended June 30, 2011, compared with $843 for the comparable 2010 quarter.
PDP. PDP medical expense for the three months ended June 30, 2011 increased $112.3 million to $217.5 million, compared to $105.2 million in the same period last year, which was primarily attributable to membership increases in the 2011 period as compared to the 2010 period. PDP MLR for the 2011 second quarter was 89.3%, compared to 91.2% in the 2010 first quarter. The MLR improvement in the 2011 second quarter was primarily the result of the inclusion of $6.1 million of 2010 rebates for Bravo Health, which were higher than previously estimated, which reduced medical expense in the period.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense
Selling, general, and administrative, or SG&A, expense for the three months ended June 30, 2011 was $120.8 million as compared with $66.2 million for the same prior year period, an increase of $54.6 million, or 82.4%. The increase in the 2011 second quarter as compared to the prior year period was primarily the result of the inclusion of Bravo Health for the 2011 second quarter. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expense increased approximately 10 basis points to 8.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2011 compared to the prior year period.
The Company now expects the majority of its sales and marketing expenses to be incurred in the first and fourth quarters of each year in connection with the annual Medicare enrollment cycle.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense in the 2011 second quarter increased $8.3 million to $15.9 million as compared to the 2010 second quarter, the majority of which increase relates to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Bravo Health transaction.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $6.0 million in the 2011 second quarter, compared with $2.3 million in the 2010 second quarter. Interest expense increased $3.7 million in the 2011 second quarter, reflecting higher average debt amounts outstanding related to borrowings made to finance the Bravo Health acquisition.
The weighted average interest rate incurred on our borrowings during the three months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 was 6.7% and 5.1%, respectively (4.6% and 3.4%, respectively, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and credit facility fees).
Income Tax Expense
For the three months ended June 30, 2011, income tax expense was $47.9 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 36.3%, as compared to $31.8 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 36.3%, for the same period of 2010. The rate in the 2011 second quarter was lower than expected as a result of a greater concentration of the Companys profitability in its subsidiaries, which are taxed at lower state tax rates, and the gain related to the settlement of the Bravo Health purchase price liability not being subject to income taxes.
25
Comparison of the Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2011 to the Six-Month Period Ended June 30, 2010
Revenue
Total revenue was $2.8 billion in the six-month period ended June 30, 2011 as compared with $1.5 billion for the same period in 2010, representing an increase of $1.3 billion, or 82.0%. The components of revenue were as follows:
Premium Revenue: Total premium revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $2.7 billion as compared with $1.5 billion in the same period in 2010, representing an increase of $1.2 billion, or 82.6%. The components of premium revenue and the primary reasons for changes were as follows:
Medicare Advantage: Medicare Advantage (including MA-PD) premiums increased $1.0 billion, or 76.1%, to $2.2 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2011 as compared to the same period of 2010. The increase in Medicare Advantage premiums in 2011 was primarily attributable to increases in membership, including the additional Bravo Health membership. PMPM premiums for the current six month period averaged $1,112, which reflects an increase of 3.7% as compared to the 2010 period. The PMPM premium increase in the current period was primarily the result of including PMPM premiums in the Bravo Health Pennsylvania and Mid-Atlantic markets and increased risk adjustment payments.
PDP: PDP premiums (after risk corridor adjustments) were $528.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2011 compared to $244.9 million in the same period of 2010, an increase of $283.5 million, or 115.8%. The increase in premiums for the current six month period was primarily the result of Bravo Health Part D membership and premiums for the 2011 period. Our average PMPM premiums (after risk corridor adjustments) were $106 in the current six month period, as compared to $105 during the 2010 comparable period.
Medical Expense
Medicare Advantage. Medicare Advantage (including MA-PD) medical expense for the six months ended June 30, 2011 increased $789.6 million, or 80.3%, to $1.8 billion from $983.9 million for the comparable period of 2010, which was primarily attributable to membership increases in the 2011 period as compared to the 2010 period. For the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Medicare Advantage MLR was 79.9% versus 78.1% for the same period of 2010. The increase in the MLR in the current period was primarily attributable to the inclusion of Bravo Health, which has historically experienced higher MLRs than the Companys other health plans, and as a result of increases in 2011 member benefits. The increase in MLR was partially offset by lower MLRs in certain of the Companys other health plans resulting from favorable inpatient utilization in the 2011 period. Our Medicare Advantage medical expense calculated on a PMPM basis was $889 for the six months ended June 30, 2011, compared with $837 for the comparable 2010 period.
PDP. PDP medical expense for the six months ended June 30, 2011 increased $268.5 million to $501.4 million, compared to $232.9 million in the same period last year. PDP MLR for the 2011 six month period was 94.9%, compared to 95.1% in the same period in 2010. The decrease in PDP MLR for the current period was primarily the result of the inclusion of $6.1 million of Bravo Health rebates relating to 2010, which were higher than previously estimated, which reduced medical expense in the period.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expense
SG&A expense for the six months ended June 30, 2011 was $257.0 million as compared with $142.7 million for the same prior year period, an increase of $114.2 million, or 80.0%. The increase in the 2011 period as compared to the prior year period was primarily the result of the inclusion of Bravo Health. As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expense decreased approximately 10 basis points for the six months ended June 30, 2011 to 9.2% as compared to 9.3% for the prior year period.
26
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense in the 2011 six month period increased $15.3 million to $30.6 million as compared to the same period in 2010, the majority of which increase relates to the amortization of identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Bravo Health transaction.
Interest Expense
Interest expense was $16.3 million in the 2011 six month period, compared with $12.2 million in the 2010 same period. Interest expense in the 2010 period included debt extinguishment costs of $7.1 million resulting from the Companys entering into a new credit facility in the 2010 first quarter. Additionally, interest expense for the 2011 period includes $1.1 million of amortized deferred financing fees, the expensing of which was accelerated in the 2011 first quarter as a result of the early repayment of debt. Net of the 2010 extinguishment costs and the 2011 accelerated amortization expense amounts, interest expense increased $10.0 million in the 2011 period, reflecting higher average debt amounts outstanding related to borrowings made to finance the Bravo Health acquisition.
The weighted average interest rate incurred on our borrowings during the six month periods ended June 30, 2011 and 2010 were 6.6% and 5.3%, respectively (4.6% and 3.7%, respectively, exclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs and credit facility fees).
Income Tax Expense
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, income tax expense was $73.9 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 36.6%, versus $51.6 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 36.6%, for the same period of 2010.
Segment Information
We report our business in four segments: Medicare Advantage; stand-alone PDP; other; and Corporate. Medicare Advantage (MA-PD) consists of Medicare-eligible beneficiaries receiving healthcare benefits, including prescription drugs, through a coordinated care plan qualifying under Part C and Part D of the Medicare Program. Stand-alone PDP consists of Medicare-eligible beneficiaries receiving prescription drug benefits on a stand-alone basis in accordance with Medicare Part D. The Companys other segment is insignificant and includes the Companys Medicaid and commercial insurance lines of business. The Company commenced its Medicaid operations in 2011 while its commercial insurance operations have been insignificant since 2008. The Corporate segment consists of corporate expenses not allocated to the other reportable segments. These segment groupings are also consistent with information used by our chief executive officer in making operating decisions.
The results of each segment are measured and evaluated by earnings before interest expense, depreciation and amortization expense, and income taxes (EBITDA). We do not allocate certain corporate overhead amounts (classified as SG&A expense) or interest expense to our segments. We evaluate interest expense, income taxes, and asset and liability details on a consolidated basis as these items are managed in a corporate shared service environment and are not the responsibility of segment operating management.
Revenue includes premium revenue, management and other fee income, and investment income.
Asset and equity details by reportable segment have not been disclosed, as the Company does not internally report such information.
Financial data by reportable segment for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows (in thousands):
27
MA-PD | PDP | Other | Corporate | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Three months ended June 30, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,136,651 | $ | 243,453 | $ | 1,232 | $ | 15 | $ | 1,381,351 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
157,363 | 10,466 | (2,614 | ) | (11,591 | ) | 153,624 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
12,983 | 674 | | 2,197 | 15,854 | |||||||||||||||
Three months ended June 30, 2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 652,898 | $ | 115,395 | $ | 176 | $ | 10 | $ | 768,479 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
99,662 | 4,162 | (291 | ) | (6,203 | ) | 97,330 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
6,238 | | | 1,272 | 7,510 |
Six months ended June 30, 2011 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 2,253,178 | $ | 528,459 | $ | 1,574 | $ | 29 | $ | 2,783,240 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
281,163 | (7,013 | ) | (4,990 | ) | (20,245 | ) | 248,915 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
25,521 | 1,353 | | 3,742 | 30,616 | |||||||||||||||
Six months ended June 30, 2010 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,283,302 | $ | 244,871 | $ | 722 | $ | 26 | $ | 1,528,921 | ||||||||||
EBITDA |
181,831 | (601 | ) | (9 | ) | (12,498 | ) | 168,723 | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization expense |
12,430 | 31 | | 2,836 | 15,297 |
We use segment EBITDA as an analytical indicator for purposes of assessing segment performance, as is common in the healthcare industry. Segment EBITDA should not be considered as a measure of financial performance under generally accepted accounting principles and segment EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other companies.
A reconciliation of reportable segment EBITDA to net income included in the consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30 is as follows (in thousands):
Three Months Ended | Six Months Ended | |||||||||||||||
June 30, | June 30, | |||||||||||||||
2011 | 2010 | 2011 | 2010 | |||||||||||||
EBITDA |
$ | 153,624 | $ | 97,330 | $ | 248,915 | $ | 168,723 | ||||||||
Income tax expense |
(47,870 | ) | (31,791 | ) | (73,903 | ) | (51,625 | ) | ||||||||
Interest expense |
(5,978 | ) | (2,254 | ) | (16,254 | ) | (12,225 | ) | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(15,854 | ) | (7,510 | ) | (30,616 | ) | (15,297 | ) | ||||||||
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Net Income |
$ | 83,922 | $ | 55,775 | $ | 128,142 | $ | 89,576 | ||||||||
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We finance our operations primarily through internally generated funds. We generate cash primarily from premium revenue and our primary uses of cash are payment of medical and SG&A expenses and principal and interest on indebtedness. We anticipate that our current level of cash on hand, internally generated cash flows, and borrowings available under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our working capital needs, our debt service, and anticipated capital expenditures over at least the next 12 months.
The reported changes in cash and cash equivalents for the six month period ended June 30, 2011, compared to the same period of 2010, were as follows (in thousands):
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Six Months
Ended June 30, |
||||||||
2011 | 2010 | |||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (36,381 | ) | $ | (40,794 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(37,279 | ) | (236,080 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
143,178 | (58,852 | ) | |||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 69,518 | $ | (335,726 | ) | |||
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Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows provided by our operations proceeds from the sale or maturities of our investment securities, our revolving credit facility, and available cash on hand, although the Companys access to and use of internally generated cash flows may be limited by regulatory requirements stipulating that the Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries maintain minimum levels of capital. See Statutory Capital Requirements.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
We used cash in operating activities of $36.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2011, compared to using cash of $40.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2010. The favorable variance in cash flow from operations for the 2011 period was primarily the result of increases in net income and non-cash expenses included in net income, such as depreciation and amortization. Cash flows from operations typically lag net income for the first half of the year as a result of the timing and amount of the expected risk adjustment payment from CMS.
Cash Flows from Investing and Financing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2011, the primary investing activities consisted of expenditures of $102.9 million to purchase investment securities and restricted investments, the receipt of $83.3 million in proceeds from the sale or maturity of investment securities and restricted investments, and $17.8 million spent on property and equipment additions. The investing activity in the prior year period consisted primarily of expenditures of $359.8 million to purchase investment securities and restricted investments, the receipt of $129.8 million in proceeds from the sale or maturity of investment securities and restricted investments, and $5.5 million spent on property and equipment additions.
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, cash flows from the Companys financing activities consisted primarily of proceeds of $301.5 million received from the sale of the Companys common stock, the expenditure of $282.1 million for the repayment of existing long-term debt, $113.9 million of funds received in excess of funds withdrawn from CMS for the benefit of members, and $22.9 million in proceeds received from the exercise of employee stock options. The financing activity in the prior year period consisted primarily of the expenditure of $266.3 million for the repayment of existing long-term debt, the receipt of $200.0 million in proceeds from the issuance of debt, and $28.5 million of funds received in excess of funds withdrawn from CMS for the benefit of members.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
At June 30, 2011, the Companys cash and cash equivalents were $261.0 million, $171.5 million of which was held in unregulated subsidiaries (including approximately $38.1 million in proceeds from the previously discussed offering of the Companys common stock). Substantially all of the Companys liquidity is in the form of cash and cash equivalents, a portion of which ($89.5 million at June 30, 2011) is held by the Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries, which amounts are required by law and by our credit agreement to be invested in low-risk, short-term, highly-liquid investments (such as government securities, money market funds, deposit accounts, and overnight repurchase agreements).
The Company invests in securities ($572.7 million at June 30, 2011), primarily corporate, asset-backed and government debt securities, that it generally intends, and has the ability, to hold to maturity. Because the Company is not relying on these investment securities for near-term liquidity, short term fluctuations in market pricing
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generally do not affect the Companys ability to meet its liquidity needs. To date, the Company has not experienced any material issuer defaults on its investment securities.
Statutory Capital Requirements
The Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries are required to maintain satisfactory minimum net worth requirements established by their respective state departments of insurance. At June 30, 2011, the statutory minimum net worth requirements and actual statutory net worth were as follows (in thousands):
Regulated Insurance Subsidiary |
Statutory Net Worth | |||||||
Minimum | Actual | |||||||
Alabama HMO |
$ | 1,112 | $ | 64,977 | ||||
Bravo Health Insurance (DE) |
11,327 | (1) | 59,853 | |||||
Bravo Health Mid-Atlantic HMO (MD) |
16,754 | (1) | 16,800 | |||||
Bravo Health Pennsylvania HMO |
51,956 | (1) | 88,513 | |||||
Bravo Health Texas HMO |
14,985 | (1) | 38,946 | |||||
Florida HMO |
12,257 | 33,618 | ||||||
HealthSpring Accident and Health (TX) |
68,118 | (1) | 156,165 | |||||
Tennessee HMO |
17,198 | 105,958 |
(1) | Minimum statutory net worth calculated at 200% of authorized control level. |
Each of these subsidiaries was in compliance with applicable statutory requirements as of June 30, 2011. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the state departments of insurance can require our regulated insurance subsidiaries to maintain minimum levels of statutory capital in excess of amounts required under the applicable state law if they determine that maintaining additional statutory capital is in the best interest of the Companys members.
The Companys regulated insurance subsidiaries are restricted from making distributions without appropriate regulatory notifications and approvals or to the extent such dividends would put them out of compliance with statutory net worth requirements.
Indebtedness
Indebtedness at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 consists of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
|||||||
Debt outstanding under credit agreements |
$ | 344,786 | $ | 626,875 | ||||
Less: current portion of long-term debt |
(37,350 | ) | (61,226 | ) | ||||
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Long-term debt less current portion |
$ | 307,436 | $ | 565,649 | ||||
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February 2010 Credit Facility
On February 11, 2010, the Company entered into a $350.0 million credit agreement (the Prior Credit Agreement), which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, provided for a five-year, $175.0 million term loan credit facility and a four-year, $175.0 million revolving credit facility (the Prior Credit Facilities). Proceeds from the Prior Credit Facilities, together with cash on hand, were used to fund the repayment of $237.0 million in term loans outstanding under the Companys 2007 credit agreement as well as transaction expenses related thereto.
Borrowings under the Prior Credit Agreement accrued interest on the basis of either a base rate or a LIBOR rate plus, in each case, an applicable margin depending on the Companys debt-to-EBITDA leverage ratio. The Company also paid a commitment fee of 0.375% on the actual daily unused portions of the Prior Credit Facilities.
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In connection with entering into the Prior Credit Agreement, the Company wrote-off unamortized deferred financing costs of approximately $5.1 million incurred in connection with the 2007 credit agreement. The Company also terminated its interest rate swap agreements, which resulted in a payment of approximately $2.0 million to the swap counterparties. Such amounts are classified as interest expense and are reflected in the financial results of the Company for the quarter ended June 30, 2010.
Bravo Health Acquisition Indebtedness
In connection with the acquisition of Bravo Health, the Company and its existing lenders and certain additional lenders amended and restated the Prior Credit Agreement in the form of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (Restated Credit Agreement) on November 30, 2010 to provide for, among other things, the acquisition financing. As amended, the Restated Credit Agreement provides for the following:
| $355.0 million in term loan A indebtedness maturing in February 2015 consisting of: |
| $175.0 million of term loan A indebtedness as Existing Term Loan A ($166.3 million of which was outstanding prior to the Bravo Health acquisition); |
| $180.0 million of new term loan A indebtedness as New Term Loan A (funded at the closing of the acquisition); |
| $175.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in February 2014 (the Revolving Credit Facility, $100.0 million of which was drawn at the closing); and |
| $200.0 million of new term loan B indebtedness maturing in November 2016 (New Term Loan B which was funded at the closing). |
The Revolving Credit Facility, Existing Term Loan A, New Term Loan A, and New Term Loan B are sometimes referred to herein as the Credit Facilities.
Borrowings under the Restated Credit Agreement accrue interest on the basis of either a base rate or LIBOR plus, in each case, an applicable margin depending on the Companys total debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio (450 basis points for LIBOR borrowings under New Term Loan B and 375 basis points for LIBOR borrowings under the other Credit Facilities at June 30, 2011). With respect to New Term Loan B indebtedness, the Restated Credit Agreement includes a minimum LIBOR of 1.5%. The Company also is required to pay a commitment fee of 0.375% per annum, which may increase to 0.500% per annum if the Companys total debt to adjusted EBITDA leverage ratio is greater than 0.75 to 1.00, on the daily unused portions of the Revolving Credit Facility. The Revolving Credit Facility matures, the commitments thereunder terminate, and all amounts then outstanding thereunder are payable on February 11, 2014. The Revolving Credit Facility, which is available for working capital and general corporate purposes including capital expenditures and permitted acquisitions, was undrawn as of June 30, 2011.
Under the Restated Credit Agreement, Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A are payable in quarterly principal installments. Prior to June 30, 2013, each quarterly principal installment payable in respect of each of Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A will be in an amount equal to 2.5% of the aggregate initial principal amount of Existing Term Loan A or New Term Loan A, as the case may be, and for principal installments payable on June 30, 2013 and thereafter, that percentage increases to 3.75%. The entire outstanding principal balance of each of Existing Term Loan A and New Term Loan A is due and payable at maturity on February 11, 2015.
Under the Restated Credit Agreement, New Term Loan B is payable in quarterly principal installments, each in an amount equal to 0.25% of the aggregate initial principal amount (as adjusted for certain prepayments) of New Term Loan B. The entire outstanding principal balance of New Term Loan B is due and payable on November 30, 2016.
The net proceeds from certain asset sales, casualty and condemnation events, and certain incurrences of indebtedness (subject, in the cases of asset sales and casualty and condemnation events, to certain reinvestment
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rights), a portion of the net proceeds from equity issuances and, under certain circumstances, the Companys excess cash flow, are required to be used to make prepayments in respect of loans outstanding under the Credit Facilities. During March 2011, the Company used $263.4 million of the net proceeds from the underwritten public offering of its common stock for the repayment of indebtedness.
In connection with entering into the Prior Credit Agreement, the Company incurred financing costs of approximately $7.3 million which were recorded in February 2010. In connection with entering into the Restated Credit Agreement, the Company incurred financing costs of approximately $19.5 million, which were paid in November 2010. These amounts have been accounted for as deferred financing fees and are being amortized over the term of the Restated Credit Agreement using the interest method. During the three months ended March 31, 2011, the Company recorded $1.1 million of related amortization expense which amortization was accelerated as a result of the $263.4 million repayment of debt discussed above. Such amortization expense is classified as interest expense in the financial results of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The unamortized balance of such costs at June 30, 2011 totaled $20.4 million and is included in other assets on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
At June 30, 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangement requiring disclosure.
Contractual Obligations
During the six months ended June 30, 2011, the Company repaid debt in the amount of $282.1 million and reduced approximately $43.5 million of future interest related to such debt. Additionally, in July 2011, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for approximately 75,000 square feet of office space in Nashville, Tennessee. The Company expects the lease to commence in the 2012 second quarter. The Companys Enterprise headquarters will relocate to this new space. The term of the new lease is ten years with average annual rent of $1.3 million.
Except for the aforementioned repayment of debt, reduction of future interest related to such debt, and the entering into of a new lease agreement, we did not experience any material changes to contractual obligations outside the ordinary course of business during the six months ended June 30, 2011.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires our management to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amount of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Changes in estimates are recorded if and when better information becomes available. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in estimates resulting from continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods.
We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are those that are most important to the presentation of our financial condition and results of operations and that require our managements most difficult, subjective, and complex judgments. For a more complete discussion of these and other critical accounting policies and estimates of the Company, see our 2010 Form 10-K.
Medical Expense and Medical Claims Liability
Medical expense is recognized in the period in which services are provided and includes an estimate of the cost of medical expense that has been incurred but not yet reported, or IBNR. Medical expense includes claim payments, capitation payments, risk sharing payments and pharmacy costs, net of rebates, as well as estimates of future payments of claims incurred, net of reinsurance. Capitation payments represent monthly contractual fees
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disbursed to physicians and other providers who are responsible for providing medical care to members. Pharmacy costs represent payments for members prescription drug benefits, net of rebates from drug manufacturers. Rebates are recognized when earned, according to the contractual arrangements with the respective vendors.
Medical claims liability includes medical claims reported to the plans but not yet paid as well as an actuarially determined estimate of claims that have been incurred but not yet reported.
The IBNR component of total medical claims liability is based on our historical claims data, current enrollment, health service utilization statistics, and other related information. Estimating IBNR is complex and involves a significant amount of judgment. Accordingly, it represents our most critical accounting estimate. The development of IBNR includes the use of standard actuarial developmental methodologies, including completion factors and claims trends, which take into account the potential for adverse claims developments, and considers favorable and unfavorable prior period developments. Actual claims payments will differ, however, from our estimates. A worsening or improvement of our claims trend or changes in completion factors from those that we assumed in estimating medical claims liabilities at June 30, 2011 would cause these estimates to change in the near term and such a change could be material.
As discussed above, actual claim payments will differ from our estimates. The period between incurrence of the expense and payment is, as with most health insurance companies, relatively short, however, with over 90% of claims typically paid within 60 days of the month in which the claim is incurred. Although there is a risk of material variances in the amounts of estimated and actual claims, the variance is known quickly. Accordingly, we expect that substantially all of the estimated medical claims payable as of the end of any fiscal period (whether a quarter or year end) will be known and paid during the next fiscal period.
Our policy is to record the best estimate of medical expense IBNR. Using actuarial models, we calculate a minimum amount and maximum amount of the IBNR component. To most accurately determine the best estimate, our actuaries determine the point estimate within their minimum and maximum range by similar medical expense categories within lines of business. The medical expense categories we use are in-patient facility, outpatient facility, all professional expense, and pharmacy.
We apply different estimation methods depending on the month of service for which incurred claims are being estimated. For the more recent months, which account for the majority of the amount of IBNR, we estimate our claims incurred by applying the observed trend factors to the trailing twelve-month PMPM costs. For prior months, costs have been estimated using completion factors. In order to estimate the PMPMs for the most recent months, we validate our estimates of the most recent months utilization levels to the utilization levels in older months using actuarial techniques that incorporate a historical analysis of claim payments, including trends in cost of care provided, and timeliness of submission and processing of claims.
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the completion and claims trend factors and the impact on our operating results caused by changes in these factors that management believes are reasonably likely based on our historical experience and June 30, 2011 data (dollars in thousands):
Completion Factor (a) | Claims Trend Factor (b) | |||||||||||||
Increase | Increase | |||||||||||||
(Decrease) | (Decrease) | |||||||||||||
Increase | in Medical | Increase | in Medical | |||||||||||
(Decrease) | Claims | (Decrease) | Claims | |||||||||||
in Factor | Liability | in Factor | Liability | |||||||||||
3% |
$ | (9,606 | ) | (3)% | $ | (6,600 | ) | |||||||
2 |
(6,479 | ) | (2) | (4,394 | ) | |||||||||
1 |
(3,278 | ) | (1) | (2,194 | ) | |||||||||
(1) |
3,358 | 1 | 2,188 |
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(a) | Impact due to change in completion factor for the most recent three months. Completion factors indicate how complete claims paid to date are in relation to estimates for a given reporting period. Accordingly, an increase in completion factor results in a decrease in the remaining estimated liability for medical claims. |
(b) | Impact due to change in annualized medical cost trends used to estimate PMPM costs for the most recent three months. |
Each month, we re-examine the previously established medical claims liability estimates based on actual claim submissions and other relevant changes in facts and circumstances. As the liability estimates recorded in prior periods become more exact, we increase or decrease the amount of the estimates, and include the changes in medical expenses in the period in which the change is identified. In every reporting period, our operating results include the effects of more completely developed medical claims liability estimates associated with prior periods.
In establishing medical claims liability, we also consider premium deficiency situations and evaluate the necessity for additional related liabilities. At June 30, 2011 the Company had recorded total premium deficiency liabilities of $2.2 million for two of its smaller health plans, including its start-up Medicaid health plan. We expect these health plans to continue to require premium deficiency accruals for the near-term. There were no required premium deficiency accruals at December 31, 2010.
Premium Revenue Recognition
We generate revenues primarily from premiums we receive from CMS to provide healthcare benefits to our members. We receive premium payments on a PMPM basis from CMS to provide healthcare benefits to our Medicare members, which premiums are fixed (subject to retroactive risk adjustment) on an annual basis by contracts with CMS. Although the amount we receive from CMS for each member is fixed, the amount varies among Medicare plans according to, among other things, plan benefits, demographics, geographic location, age, gender, and the relative risk score of the membership.
We generally receive premiums on a monthly basis in advance of providing services. Premiums collected in advance are deferred and reported as deferred revenue. We recognize premium revenue during the period in which we are obligated to provide services to our members. Any amounts that have not been received are recorded on the balance sheet as accounts receivable.
Our Medicare premium revenue is subject to periodic adjustment under what is referred to as CMSs risk adjustment payment methodology based on the health risk of our members. Risk adjustment uses health status indicators to correlate the payments to the health acuity of the member, and consequently establishes incentives for plans to enroll and treat less healthy Medicare beneficiaries. Under the risk adjustment payment methodology, coordinated care plans must capture, collect, and report diagnosis code information to CMS. After reviewing the respective submissions, CMS establishes the payments to Medicare plans generally at the beginning of the calendar year, and then adjusts premium levels on two separate occasions on a retroactive basis. The first retroactive risk premium adjustment for a given fiscal year generally occurs during the third quarter of such fiscal year. This initial settlement (the Initial CMS Settlement) represents the updating of risk scores for the current year based on the prior years dates of service. CMS then issues a final retroactive risk premium adjustment settlement for that fiscal year in the following year (the Final CMS Settlement). We estimate and record on a monthly basis both the Initial CMS Settlement and the Final CMS Settlement.
We develop our estimates for risk premium adjustment settlement utilizing historical experience and predictive actuarial models as sufficient member risk score data becomes available over the course of each CMS plan year. Our actuarial models are populated with available risk score data on our members. Risk premium adjustments are based on member risk score data from the previous year. Risk score data for members who entered our plans during the current plan year, however, is not available for use in our models; therefore, we make assumptions regarding the risk scores of this subset of our member population.
All such estimated amounts are periodically updated as additional diagnosis code information is reported to CMS and adjusted to actual amounts when the ultimate adjustment settlements are either received from CMS or the Company receives notification from CMS of such settlement amounts.
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As a result of the variability of factors, including plan risk scores, that determine such estimations, the actual amount of CMSs retroactive risk premium settlement adjustments could be materially more or less than our estimates. Consequently, our estimate of our plans risk scores for any period and our accrual of settlement premiums related thereto, may result in favorable or unfavorable adjustments to our Medicare premium revenue and, accordingly, our profitability. There can be no assurance that any such differences will not have a material effect on any future quarterly or annual results of operations.
The following table illustrates the sensitivity of the Final CMS Settlements and the impact on premium revenue caused by differences between actual and estimated settlement amounts that management believes are reasonably likely, based on our historical experience and premium revenue for the six months ending June 30, 2011 (dollars in thousands):
Increase | ||
Increase | (Decrease) | |
(Decrease) | In Settlement | |
in Estimate |
Receivable | |
1.5% | $32,749 | |
1.0 | 21,832 | |
0.5 | 10,916 | |
(0.5) | (10,916) |
Goodwill and Indefinite-Life Intangible Assets
Goodwill represents the excess of cost over fair value of assets of businesses acquired. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in a purchase business combination and determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount exceeds the assets fair value. This determination is made at the reporting unit level and consists of two steps. First, the Company determines the fair value of the reporting unit and compares it to its carrying amount. Second, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the units goodwill over the implied fair value of that goodwill. In the event a reporting unit has zero or negative carrying amounts the second step of the test is applied to such reporting unit if it is more likely than not that goodwill impairment exists. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined by allocating the fair value of the reporting units in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation. The residual fair value after this allocation is the implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill. Goodwill currently exists at seven of our reporting units Alabama, Bravo Health Insurance Company, Florida, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, Texas-Bravo Health, and Texas-HealthSpring.
Goodwill valuations have been determined using an income approach based on the present value of future cash flows of each reporting unit. In assessing the recoverability of goodwill, we consider historical results, current operating trends and results, and we make estimates and assumptions about premiums, medical cost trends, margins and discount rates based on our budgets, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows and regulatory data. Each of these factors contains inherent uncertainties and management exercises substantial judgment and discretion in evaluating and applying these factors.
Although we believe we have sufficient current and historical information available to us to test for impairment, it is possible that actual cash flows could differ from the estimated cash flows used in our impairment tests. We could also be required to evaluate the recoverability of goodwill prior to the annual assessment if we experience various triggering events, including significant declines in margins or sustained and significant market capitalization declines. These types of events and the resulting analyses could result in goodwill impairment charges in the future. Impairment charges, although non-cash in nature, could adversely affect our financial results in the periods of such charges. In addition, impairment charges may limit our ability to obtain financing in the future.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, we had the following assets that may be sensitive to changes in interest rates (in thousands):
Asset Class |
June 30, 2011 |
December 31, 2010 |
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Investment securities, available for sale |
$ | 572,656 | $ | 551,207 | ||||
Restricted investments |
28,698 | 29,136 |
We have not purchased any of our investments for trading purposes. Investment securities, which consist primarily of debt securities, have been categorized as either available for sale or held to maturity. Held to maturity securities are those securities that the Company does not intend to sell, nor expect to be required to sell, prior to maturity. Investment securities are classified as non-current assets based on the Companys intention to reinvest such assets upon sale or maturity and to not use such assets in current operations. These investment securities consist of highly liquid government and corporate debt obligations, the majority of which mature in five years or less. The investments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market rates increase. Because of the relatively short-term nature of our investments and our portfolio mix of variable and fixed rate investments, however, we would not expect the value of these investments to decline significantly as a result of a sudden change in market interest rates. Moreover, because of our intention not to sell these investments prior to their maturity, we would not expect foreseeable changes in interest rates to materially impair their carrying value. Restricted investments consist of deposits, certificates of deposit, government securities, and mortgage backed securities, deposited or pledged to state departments of insurance in accordance with state rules and regulations. At June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, these restricted assets are recorded at amortized cost and classified as long-term regardless of the contractual maturity date because of the restrictive nature of the states requirements.
Assuming a hypothetical and immediate 1% increase in market interest rates at June 30, 2011, the fair value of our fixed income investments would decrease by approximately $16.0 million. Similarly, a 1% decrease in market interest rates at June 30, 2011 would result in an increase of the fair value of our investments of approximately $14.0 million. Unless we determined, however, that the increase in interest rates caused more than a temporary impairment in our investments, or unless we were compelled by a currently unforeseen reason to sell securities, such a change should not affect our future earnings or cash flows.
We are subject to market risk from exposure to changes in interest rates based on our financing, investing, and cash management activities. At June 30, 2011, we had $344.8 million of outstanding indebtedness, bearing interest at variable rates at specified margins above either the agent banks alternate base rate or its LIBOR rate, at our election. Holding other variables constant, including levels of indebtedness, a 0.125% increase in interest rates would have an estimated negative impact on pre-tax earnings and cash flows for the next twelve month period of $262,000. Although changes in the alternate base rate or the LIBOR rate would affect the costs of funds borrowed in the future, we believe the effect, if any, of reasonably possible near-term changes in interest rates on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow would not be material.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Our senior management carried out the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act (Disclosure Controls). Based on the evaluation, our senior management, including our CEO and CFO, concluded that, as of June 30, 2011, our Disclosure Controls were effective.
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2011 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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Our management, including our CEO and CFO, does not expect that our Disclosure Controls and internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, with the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error and mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of controls.
The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, a control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and may not be detected.
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We are not currently involved in any pending legal proceeding that we believe is material to our financial condition or results of operations. We are, however, involved from time to time in routine legal matters and other claims incidental to our business, including employment-related claims; claims relating to our health plans contractual relationships with providers, members, and vendors; and claims relating to marketing practices of sales agents and agencies that are employed by, or independent contractors to, our health plans.
In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties previously reported and described under the caption Part I Item 1A. Risk Factors in the 2010 Form 10-K, the occurrence of any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results. The risks previously reported and described in our 2010 Form 10-K are not the only risks facing our business. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently consider to be immaterial also could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, and operating results.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
During the quarter ended June 30, 2011, the Company repurchased the following shares of its common stock:
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid per Share ($) |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs ($) |
||||||||||||
04/01/11 04/30/11 |
| | | | ||||||||||||
05/01/11 05/31/11 |
166 | 43.27 | | | ||||||||||||
06/01/11 06/30/11 |
2,490 | 46.10 | | | ||||||||||||
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Total |
2,656 | 45.92 | | | ||||||||||||
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Shares reflected as purchased in the table above are shares withheld by the Company to satisfy the payment of tax obligations related to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.
In May 2010, the Companys Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to $100.0 million of the Companys common stock. The program expired on June 30, 2011. During the quarter ended June 30, 2011, the Company did not repurchase any shares pursuant to the repurchase program.
Our ability to purchase common stock and to pay cash dividends is limited by our credit agreement. As a holding company, our ability to repurchase common stock and to pay cash dividends is also dependent on the availability of cash dividends from our regulated insurance subsidiaries, which are restricted by the laws of the states in which we operate, as well as limitations under our credit agreement.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
Inapplicable.
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Inapplicable.
See Exhibit Index following signature page.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
HEALTHSPRING, INC. | ||||
Date: August 5, 2011 |
By: | /s/ KAREY L. WITTY | ||
Karey L. Witty Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
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EXHIBIT INDEX
31.1 | Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
31.2 | Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 | |
101 | The following materials from HealthSpring, Inc.s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language); (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) at June 30, 2011 and December 31,2010, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and 2010, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial statements*. |
* | Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Section 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under these sections. |
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