IVR 2015.03.31 10-Q
Table of Contents


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
_______________________________________________ 
FORM 10-Q 
_______________________________________________
(Mark One)
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015
OR 
o
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                  to                 
Commission file number 001-34385

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
_______________________________________________
Maryland
 
26-2749336
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
1555 Peachtree Street, N.E., Suite 1800
Atlanta, Georgia
 
30309
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
(404) 892-0896
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code) 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one): 
Large Accelerated filer
 
ý
 
  
Accelerated filer
 
o
Non-Accelerated filer
 
o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
Smaller reporting company
 
o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes  o    No  ý
As of May 1, 2015, there were 123,133,574 outstanding shares of common stock of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.

Table of Contents


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.

Table of Contents


PART I
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
  
As of
 In thousands except share amounts
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
Mortgage-backed securities, at fair value
17,340,595

 
17,248,895

Residential loans, held-for-investment (1)
3,597,147

 
3,365,003

Commercial loans, held-for-investment
146,211

 
145,756

Cash and cash equivalents
157,025

 
164,144

Due from counterparties
82,215

 
57,604

Investment related receivable
27,697

 
38,717

Accrued interest receivable
66,144

 
66,044

Derivative assets, at fair value
6,706

 
24,178

Deferred securitization and financing costs
12,286

 
13,080

Other investments
110,993

 
106,498

Other assets
1,055

 
1,098

Total assets (1)
21,548,074

 
21,231,017

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,333,081

 
13,622,677

Secured loans
1,550,000

 
1,250,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts (1)
3,133,527

 
2,929,820

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
290,852

 
254,026

Dividends and distributions payable
61,766

 
61,757

Investment related payable
30,351

 
17,008

Accrued interest payable
23,800

 
29,670

Collateral held payable
4,300

 
14,890

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
3,248

 
2,439

Due to affiliate
9,535

 
9,880

Total liabilities (1)
18,840,460

 
18,592,167

Equity:
 
 
 
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized:
 
 
 
7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 5,600,000 shares issued and outstanding ($140,000 aggregate liquidation preference)
135,356

 
135,356

7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock: 6,200,000 shares issued and outstanding ($155,000 aggregate liquidation preference)
149,860

 
149,860

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 450,000,000 shares authorized; 123,131,777 and 123,110,454 shares issued and outstanding, respectively
1,231

 
1,231

Additional paid in capital
2,532,353

 
2,532,130

Accumulated other comprehensive income
560,358

 
404,559

Retained earnings (distributions in excess of earnings)
(700,930
)
 
(612,821
)
Total stockholders’ equity
2,678,228

 
2,610,315

Non-controlling interest
29,386

 
28,535

Total equity
2,707,614

 
2,638,850

Total liabilities and equity
21,548,074

 
21,231,017

(1)
The condensed consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations and liabilities of the VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the Company. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, total assets of the consolidated VIEs were $3,613,043 and $3,380,597, respectively, and total liabilities of the consolidated VIEs were $3,142,670 and $2,938,512, respectively. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for further discussion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
1
 

Table of Contents


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
In thousands, except share amounts
2015
 
2014
Interest Income
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
141,018

 
151,739

Residential loans (1)
29,374

 
17,704

Commercial loans
3,115

 
1,619

Total interest income
173,507

 
171,062

Interest Expense
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
43,310

 
49,071

Secured loans
1,464

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
5,607

 
5,607

Asset-backed securities (1)
21,898

 
13,935

Total interest expense
72,279

 
68,613

Net interest income
101,228

 
102,449

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(62
)
 
207

Net interest income after (reduction in) provision for loan losses
101,290

 
102,242

Other Income (loss)
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
2,142

 
(11,718
)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
6,006

 
441

Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
(122,745
)
 
(151,312
)
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
203

 
329

Other investment income (loss), net
(894
)
 
—

Total other income (loss)
(115,288
)
 
(162,260
)
Expenses
 
 
 
Management fee – related party
9,415

 
9,335

General and administrative
1,727

 
2,012

Consolidated securitization trusts (1)
2,156

 
1,184

Total expenses
13,298

 
12,531

Net loss
(27,296
)
 
(72,549
)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
(312
)
 
(822
)
Net loss attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(26,984
)
 
(71,727
)
Dividends to preferred stockholders
5,716

 
2,713

Net loss attributable to common stockholders
(32,700
)
 
(74,440
)
Loss per share:
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
 
 
 
Basic
(0.27
)
 
(0.60
)
Diluted
(0.27
)
 
(0.60
)
Dividends declared per common share
0.45

 
0.50

(1)
The condensed consolidated statements of operations include income and expenses of consolidated variable interest entities. Refer to Note 3 - “Variable Interest Entities” for further discussion.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
2
 

Table of Contents


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
In thousands
2015
 
2014
Net loss
(27,296
)
 
(72,549
)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on mortgage-backed securities, net
140,598

 
169,467

Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed securities to gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
(2,142
)
 
11,718

Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense
19,145

 
21,296

Total Other comprehensive income
157,601

 
202,481

Comprehensive income
130,305

 
129,932

Less: Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest
(1,490
)
 
(1,483
)
Less: Dividends to preferred stockholders
(5,716
)
 
(2,713
)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders
123,099

 
125,736

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.


 
3
 

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INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY
For the three months ended March 31, 2015
(Unaudited)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Attributable to Common Stockholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional
Paid in
Capital
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
 
Retained
Earnings
(Distributions
in excess of
earnings)
 
Total
Stockholders’
Equity
 
Non-
Controlling
Interest
 
 
 
Series A
Preferred Stock
 
Series B
Preferred Stock
 
 
 
 
In thousands except
 share amounts
 
 
Common Stock
 
Total
Equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2015
5,600,000

 
135,356

 
6,200,000

 
149,860

 
123,110,454

 
1,231

 
2,532,130

 
404,559

 
(612,821
)
 
2,610,315

 
28,535

 
2,638,850

Net loss
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 


 


 
—

 
—

 
(26,984
)
 
(26,984
)
 
(312
)
 
(27,296
)
Other comprehensive income
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
155,799

 
—

 
155,799

 
1,802

 
157,601

Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of offering costs
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
4,444

 
—

 
70

 
—

 
—

 
70

 
—

 
70

Stock awards
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,879

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Common stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(55,409
)
 
(55,409
)
 


 
(55,409
)
Common unit dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(641
)
 
(641
)
Preferred stock dividends
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5,716
)
 
(5,716
)
 
—

 
(5,716
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
153

 
—

 


 
153

 
2

 
155

Balance at March 31, 2015
5,600,000

 
135,356

 
6,200,000

 
149,860

 
123,131,777

 
1,231

 
2,532,353

 
560,358

 
(700,930
)
 
2,678,228

 
29,386

 
2,707,614

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this condensed consolidated financial statement.


 
4
 

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INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
  
Three Months Ended March 31,
In thousands
2015
 
2014
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
 
 
Net loss
(27,296
)
 
(72,549
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Amortization of mortgage-backed securities premiums and (discounts), net
29,549

 
32,390

Amortization of residential loans and asset-backed securities premiums (discount), net
37

 
824

Amortization of commercial loan origination fees
(6
)
 
(1
)
(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(62
)
 
207

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
51,034

 
81,047

Unrealized (gain) loss on credit default swap, net
62

 
47

(Gain) loss on sale of mortgage-backed securities, net
(2,142
)
 
11,718

Realized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
26,103

 
18,824

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
(6,006
)
 
(441
)
Amortization of equity-based compensation
155

 
124

Amortization of deferred securitization and financing costs
794

 
719

Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense
19,145

 
21,296

Non-cash interest income capitalized in commercial loans
—

 
(670
)
(Gain) loss on foreign currency transactions, net
1,500


—

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
(Increase) decrease in operating assets
(53
)
 
1,389

Decrease in operating liabilities
(5,392
)
 
(5,877
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
87,422

 
89,047

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
 
 
Purchase of mortgage-backed securities
(726,494
)
 
(681,827
)
(Contributions) distributions (from) to investment in unconsolidated ventures, net
8,761

 
2,721

Change in other investments
(7,250
)
 
9,891

Principal payments from mortgage-backed securities
570,110

 
397,431

Proceeds from sale of mortgage-backed securities
179,998

 
949,905

Payment of premiums for interest rate swaptions
(1,485
)
 
(4,688
)
Payments for termination of futures/currency forward contracts and TBAs
(2,360
)
 
(3,749
)
Purchase of residential loans held-for-investment
(372,305
)
 
(283,421
)
Principal payments from residential loans held-for-investment
138,210

 
21,951

Origination and advances of commercial loans, net of origination fees
(1,944
)
 
(27,478
)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(214,759
)
 
380,736

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common stock
70

 
73

Repurchase of common stock
—

 
(21,129
)
Cost of issuance of preferred stock
(15
)
 
—

Due from counterparties
(23,626
)
 
(3,379
)
Collateral held payable
(10,590
)
 
(28,231
)
Proceeds from repurchase agreements
35,603,951

 
33,987,939

Principal repayments of repurchase agreements
(35,893,498
)
 
(34,587,304
)
Proceeds from asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
336,077

 
245,864

Principal repayments of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
(130,394
)
 
(19,258
)
Proceeds from secured loans
600,000

 
—

Principal repayments on secured loans
(300,000
)
 
—

Payments of deferred costs
—

 
(512
)
Payments of dividends and distributions
(61,757
)
 
(66,087
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
120,218

 
(492,024
)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
(7,119
)
 
(22,241
)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
164,144

 
210,612

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
157,025

 
188,371

Supplement Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
 
 
 
Interest paid
59,713

 
50,363

Non-cash Investing and Financing Activities Information
 
 
 
Net change in unrealized gain on mortgage-backed securities
138,456

 
181,185

Dividends and distributions declared not paid
61,766

 
64,969

(Receivable) / payable for mortgage-backed securities sold / purchased, net
4,265

 
710,958

Repurchase agreements, not settled
(49
)
 
—

Collateral held payable, not settled
—

 
(4,319
)
Interest rate swaps terminated, not settled
19,055

 
—

Net change in due from counterparties
(985
)
 
—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

 
5
 

Table of Contents


INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note 1 – Organization and Business Operations
Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities and mortgage loans. The Company is externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the "Manger"), a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. (“Invesco”), a leading independent global investment management firm.
The Company conducts its business through IAS Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”) as its sole general partner. As of March 31, 2015, the Company owned 98.9% of the Operating Partnership, and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco owned the remaining 1.1%. The Company has one operating segment.
The Company primarily invests in:
•
Residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS") that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association, or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") (collectively "Agency RMBS");
•
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency (“non-Agency RMBS”);
•
Credit risk transfer securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");
•
Commercial mortgage-backed securities ("CMBS");
•
Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and
•
Other real estate-related financing agreements.
The Company generally finances its investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. The Company finances its residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities ("ABS") issued by consolidated securitization trusts. The Company has also financed investments through the issuances of debt and equity and may utilize other forms of financing in the future.
The Company elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with the Company's taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain the Company’s REIT qualification, the Company is generally required to distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders annually. The Company operates its business in a manner that permits exclusion from the "Investment Company" definition under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
Certain disclosures included in the Company’s Annual report on Form 10-K are not required to be included on an interim basis in the Company’s quarterly reports on Form 10-Q. The Company has condensed or omitted these disclosures. Therefore, this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition and results of operations for the periods presented. All significant intercompany transactions, balances, revenues and expenses are eliminated upon consolidation.
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and consolidate the financial statements of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. The condensed consolidated financial statements also include the consolidation of certain securitization trusts that meet the definition of a variable interest entity ("VIE") because the Company has been deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the securitization trusts. These securitization trusts hold pools of residential mortgage loans and issue series of asset-backed securities payable from the cash flows generated by the underlying pools of residential mortgage loans. The securitizations are non-recourse financing for the residential mortgage loans held-for-investment. Generally, a portion of the asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts is sold to unaffiliated third parties and the balance is purchased by the Company. The Company classifies the underlying residential mortgage loans owned by the securitization trusts as residential loans held-for-investment in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. The asset-backed securities issued to third parties are recorded as liabilities on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.

 
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The Company records interest income on the residential loans held-for-investment, interest expense on the asset-backed securities issued to third parties and direct operating expenses incurred by the securitization trusts in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. The Company eliminates all intercompany balances and transactions between itself and the consolidated securitization trusts. The Company records the initial underlying assets and liabilities of the consolidated securitization trusts at their fair value upon consolidation into the Company and, as such, no gain or loss is recorded upon consolidation. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for additional information regarding the impact of consolidation of securitization trusts.
The consolidated securitization trusts are VIEs because the securitization trusts do not have equity that meets the definition of U.S. GAAP equity at risk. In determining if a securitization trust should be consolidated, the Company evaluates whether it has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the securitization trust that most significantly impact its economic performance and (ii) the right to receive benefits from the securitization trust or the obligation to absorb losses of the securitization trust that could be significant. The Company's determination of whether it is the primary beneficiary of a securitization trust includes both a qualitative and quantitative analysis. The Company determined that it was the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts because it was involved in certain aspects of the design of the securitization trusts and has certain default oversight rights on defaulted residential loans. In addition, the Company owns the most subordinated class of asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts and has the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive benefits from the securitization trust that could potentially be significant to the securitization trust. The Company assesses modifications to VIEs on an ongoing basis to determine if a significant reconsideration event has occurred that would change the Company's initial consolidation assessment.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Examples of estimates include, but are not limited to, estimates of the fair values of financial instruments, interest income on mortgage-backed securities, allowance for loan losses and other-than-temporary impairment charges. Actual results may differ from those estimates.
Significant Accounting Policies
Included in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements of the Company’s 2014 Annual Report on Form 10-K is a summary of the Company's significant accounting policies. Provided below is a summary of additional accounting policies that are significant to the Company's consolidated financial condition and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Repurchase Agreements
Effective January 1, 2015, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update No. 2014-11, Transfers and Servicing (Topic 860): Repurchase-to Maturity Transactions, Repurchase Financings, and Disclosures ("ASU 2014-11"). Under the new standard, the Company no longer applies the "linked" accounting model to instances where the Company purchases mortgage-backed securities and enters into repurchase agreements to finance the purchase with the same counterparty. Purchases of mortgage-backed securities and repurchase financings are considered separately, and the repurchase agreement component of the transaction is accounted for as a secured borrowing. The Company records the mortgage-backed securities and the related repurchase agreement financing on a gross basis in its condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the corresponding interest income and interest expense on a gross basis in its condensed consolidated statements of operations.
None of the Company's repurchase financing transactions prior to January 1, 2015 qualified as linked transactions and were accounted for as derivatives. Accordingly, the Company did not record a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of January 1, 2015 as a result of adopting ASU 2014-11.
Reclassifications
Certain prior period reported amounts have been reclassified to be consistent with the current presentation. Such reclassifications had no impact on net income or equity attributable to common stockholders.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In February 2015, the FASB issued modifications to existing consolidation guidance for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2015, and requires either a retrospective or a modified

 
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retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the available transition methods.
In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance to amend the presentation of debt issuance cost related to a recognized debt liability. Under the new guidance, the debt issuance costs will be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the recognized debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected under the new guidance. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied on a retrospective basis. The balance sheet of each individual period presented should be adjusted to reflect the period-specific effects of applying the new guidance. Upon adoption, an entity is required to comply with the applicable disclosures for a change in an accounting principle. These disclosures include the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle, the transition method, a description of the prior-period information that has been retrospectively adjusted, and the effect of the change on the financial statement line items (i.e., debt issuance cost asset and the debt liability). The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Note 3 – Variable Interest Entities
The Company's maximum risk of loss in VIEs in which the Company is not the primary beneficiary at March 31, 2015 is presented in the table below.
$ in thousands
Carrying Amount
 
Company's Maximum Risk of Loss
Non-Agency RMBS
2,947,675

 
2,947,675

CMBS
3,456,892

 
3,456,892

Total
6,404,567

 
6,404,567

Refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed Securities" for additional details regarding these investments.
As discussed in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies," the Company has determined that it is the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts. The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated securitization trusts as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Residential loans, held-for-investment
3,597,147

 
3,365,003

Accrued interest receivable
11,050

 
10,562

Deferred costs
4,846

 
5,032

Total assets
3,613,043

 
3,380,597

Accrued interest and accrued expenses payable
9,143

 
8,692

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
3,133,527

 
2,929,820

Total liabilities
3,142,670

 
2,938,512

The Company’s risk with respect to each investment in a securitization trust is limited to its direct ownership in the securitization trust. The residential loans held by the consolidated securitization trusts are held solely to satisfy the liabilities of the securitization trusts, and the investors in the securitization trusts have no recourse to the general credit of the Company for the asset-backed securities issued by the securitization trusts. The assets of a consolidated securitization trust can only be used to satisfy the obligations of that trust. The Company is not contractually required and has not provided any additional financial support to the securitization trusts for the period ended March 31, 2015.

 
8
 

Table of Contents


During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company invested in and consolidated one new securitization trust. The following table presents the balances of the assets and liabilities of the newly consolidated securitization trust before consolidation into the Company. The current period activity for the securitization trust is reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.
$ in thousands
2015
Residential loans, held-for-investment
372,305

Accrued interest receivable
1,236

Total assets
373,541

Accrued interest and accrued expenses payable
1,236

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
372,305

Total liabilities
373,541

The Company did not deconsolidate any securitization trusts during the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Residential Loans Held by Consolidated Securitization Trusts
Residential loans held by consolidated securitization trusts are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any premiums and discount and allowance for loan losses. The residential loans are secured by a lien on the underlying residential property.
The following table details the carrying value for residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Principal balance
3,566,418

 
3,332,192

Unamortized premium (discount), net
31,409

 
33,553

Recorded investment
3,597,827

 
3,365,745

Allowance for loan losses
(680
)
 
(742
)
Carrying value
3,597,147

 
3,365,003

The following table summarizes residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015 by year of origination.
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
Total
Portfolio Characteristics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Loans
760

 
2,788

 
765

 
99

 
30

 
6

 
17

 
16

 
4,481

Current Principal Balance
573,464

 
2,160,438

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,566,418

Net Weighted Average Coupon Rate
3.49
%
 
3.47
%
 
3.25
%
 
3.38
%
 
3.70
%
 
3.69
%
 
4.96
%
 
4.73
%
 
3.44
%
Weighted Average Maturity (years)
29.13

 
28.23

 
27.70

 
26.18

 
25.63

 
24.18

 
23.34

 
22.26

 
28.15

Current Performance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Current
571,545

 
2,158,820

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,562,881

30 Days Delinquent
1,285

 
1,618

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,903

60 Days Delinquent
634

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
634

90+ Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Bankruptcy/Foreclosure
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
573,464

 
2,160,438

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,566,418


 
9
 

Table of Contents


The following table summarizes the geographic concentrations of residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015 based on principal balance outstanding.
State
Percent
California
53.5
%
New York
7.6
%
 Massachusetts
5.8
%
 Illinois
3.7
%
Other states (none greater than 3%)
29.4
%
Total
100.0
%
The following table presents future contractual minimum annual principal payments of residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015.
$ in thousands
 
Scheduled Principal
March 31, 2015
Within one year
62,173

One to three years
131,815

Three to five years
142,940

Greater than or equal to five years
3,229,490

Total
3,566,418

Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Loans Held by Consolidated Securitization Trusts
The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
March 31, 2014
Balance at beginning of period
(742
)
 
(884
)
Charge-offs, net
—

 
—

Reduction in (provision for) loan losses
62

 
(207
)
Balance at end of period
(680
)
 
(1,091
)
Asset-Backed Securities Issued by Securitization Trusts
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are recorded at principal balance net of unamortized premiums or discounts. Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts are issued in various tranches and have a weighted average contractual maturity of 28.80 years and 28.94 years at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The investors in the asset-backed securities are not affiliated with the Company and have no recourse to the general credit of the Company.
The asset-backed securities are collateralized by residential loans held in the securitization trusts as summarized in the following table at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
ABS
 
Residential loans
 
ABS
 
Residential loans
$ in thousands
Outstanding
 
Held as Collateral
 
Outstanding
 
Held as Collateral
Principal balance
3,106,212

 
3,566,418

 
2,902,378

 
3,332,192

Interest-only securities
14,574

 
—

 
15,040

 
—

Unamortized premium
23,371

 
39,497

 
23,735

 
41,928

Unamortized discount
(10,630
)
 
(8,088
)
 
(11,333
)
 
(8,375
)
Allowance for loan losses
—

 
(680
)
 
—

 
(742
)
Carrying value
3,133,527

 
3,597,147

 
2,929,820

 
3,365,003

Range of weighted average interest rates
2.8% - 4.0%

 
 
 
2.8% - 4.0%

 
 
Number of securitization trusts consolidated
11

 
 
 
10

 
 

 
10
 

Table of Contents


The following table presents the estimated principal repayment schedule of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts at March 31, 2015 based on estimated cash flows of the underlying residential mortgage loans, as adjusted for projected prepayments and losses on such loans. The estimated principal repayments may differ from actual amounts to the extent prepayments and/or loan losses vary.
$ in thousands
 
Estimated principal repayment
March 31, 2015
Within one year
411,313

One to three years
676,771

Three to five years
511,839

Greater than or equal to five years
1,506,289

Total
3,106,212

Note 4 – Mortgage-Backed Securities
All of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value, which is determined by obtaining valuations from an independent source. If the fair value of a security is not available from a third-party pricing service, or such data appears unreliable, the Company may estimate the fair value of the security using a variety of methods including other pricing services, repurchase agreement pricing, discounted cash flow analysis, matrix pricing, option adjusted spread models and other fundamental analysis of observable market factors.
The following tables present certain information about the Company’s MBS portfolio as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
March 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss), net
 
Fair
Value
 
Net
Weighted
Average
Coupon (1)
 
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (2)
 
Quarterly
Weighted
Average
Yield (3)
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
1,718,391

 
86,529

 
1,804,920

 
35,330

 
1,840,250

 
3.77
%
 
2.54
%
 
2.21
%
30 year fixed-rate
4,239,350

 
285,902

 
4,525,252

 
98,204

 
4,623,456

 
4.29
%
 
3.02
%
 
2.99
%
ARM*
448,286

 
5,345

 
453,631

 
9,711

 
463,342

 
2.75
%
 
2.41
%
 
2.69
%
Hybrid ARM
2,806,427

 
48,919

 
2,855,346

 
48,618

 
2,903,964

 
2.77
%
 
2.28
%
 
2.28
%
Total Agency pass-through
9,212,454

 
426,695

 
9,639,149

 
191,863

 
9,831,012

 
3.65
%
 
2.68
%
 
2.62
%
Agency-CMO(4)
1,997,925

 
(1,554,128
)
 
443,797

 
(548
)
 
443,249

 
2.29
%
 
4.91
%
 
3.71
%
Non-Agency RMBS(5)(6)
3,428,864

 
(569,772
)
 
2,859,092

 
88,583

 
2,947,675

 
3.55
%
 
4.03
%
 
4.35
%
GSE CRT(7)
633,000

 
24,653

 
657,653

 
4,114

 
661,767

 
4.84
%
 
4.13
%
 
4.04
%
CMBS(8)
3,218,583

 
52,371

 
3,270,954

 
185,938

 
3,456,892

 
4.71
%
 
4.36
%
 
4.34
%
Total
18,490,826

 
(1,620,181
)
 
16,870,645

 
469,950

 
17,340,595

 
3.71
%
 
3.35
%
 
3.33
%
* Adjustable-rate mortgage ("ARM")
 
(1)
Net weighted average coupon (“WAC”) as of March 31, 2015 is presented net of servicing and other fees.
(2)
Period-end weighted average yield is based on amortized cost as of March 31, 2015 and incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions but excludes changes in anticipated interest rates.
(3)
Quarterly weighted average portfolio yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the Company's average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
(4)
Agency collateralized mortgage obligation ("Agency-CMO") includes interest-only securities which represent 29.7% of the balance based on fair value.
(5)
Non-Agency RMBS held by the Company is 52.5% variable rate, 40.3% fixed rate, and 7.2% floating rate based on fair value.
(6)
Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $392.5 million is non-accretable.
(7)
GSE CRT are general obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac that are structured to provide credit protection to the GSE issuer with respect to defaults and other credit events within reference pools of residential mortgage loans that collateralize MBS issued and guaranteed by such GSE.
(8)
CMBS includes commercial real estate mezzanine loan pass-through certificates which represent 1.3% of the balance based on fair value.

 
11
 

Table of Contents


December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized
Premium
(Discount)
 
Amortized
Cost
 
Unrealized
Gain/
(Loss), net
 
Fair
Value
 
Net
Weighted
Average
Coupon (1)
 
Period-
end
Weighted
Average
Yield (2)
 
Quarterly
Weighted
Average
Yield (3)
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
1,236,297

 
60,764

 
1,297,061

 
30,040

 
1,327,101

 
4.05
%
 
2.60
%
 
2.66
%
30 year fixed-rate
4,432,301

 
297,311

 
4,729,612

 
60,681

 
4,790,293

 
4.29
%
 
2.97
%
 
3.05
%
ARM
531,281

 
9,068

 
540,349

 
6,433

 
546,782

 
2.83
%
 
2.27
%
 
2.29
%
Hybrid ARM
2,901,078

 
50,757

 
2,951,835

 
25,083

 
2,976,918

 
2.78
%
 
2.34
%
 
2.24
%
Total Agency pass-through
9,100,957

 
417,900

 
9,518,857

 
122,237

 
9,641,094

 
3.69
%
 
2.68
%
 
2.71
%
Agency-CMO(4)
1,957,296

 
(1,502,785
)
 
454,511

 
(3,616
)
 
450,895

 
2.34
%
 
4.57
%
 
3.62
%
Non-Agency RMBS(5)(6)
3,555,249

 
(583,890
)
 
2,971,359

 
90,288

 
3,061,647

 
3.70
%
 
4.12
%
 
4.86
%
GSE CRT(7)
615,000

 
25,573

 
640,573

 
(15,149
)
 
625,424

 
4.85
%
 
4.11
%
 
4.02
%
CMBS(8)
3,277,208

 
54,893

 
3,332,101

 
137,734

 
3,469,835

 
4.74
%
 
4.39
%
 
4.38
%
Total
18,505,710

 
(1,588,309
)
 
16,917,401

 
331,494

 
17,248,895

 
3.74
%
 
3.38
%
 
3.49
%
 
(1)
Net WAC as of December 31, 2014 is presented net of servicing and other fees.
(2)
Period-end weighted average yield based on amortized cost as of December 31, 2014 incorporates future prepayment and loss assumptions but excludes changes in anticipated interest rates.
(3)
Quarterly weighted average portfolio yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by the Company's average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
(4)
Agency-CMO includes interest-only securities, which represent 29.1% of the balance based on fair value.
(5)
Non-Agency RMBS held by the Company is 52.8% variable rate, 40.1% fixed rate, and 7.1% floating rate based on fair value.
(6)
Of the total discount in non-Agency RMBS, $405.5 million is non-accretable.
(7)
GSE CRT are general obligations of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac that are structured to provide credit protection to the GSE issuer with respect to defaults and other credit events within reference pools of residential mortgage loans that collateralize MBS issued and guaranteed by such GSE.
(8)
CMBS includes commercial real estate mezzanine loan pass-through certificates which represent 1.3% of the balance based on fair value.
The following table summarizes the Company's non-Agency RMBS portfolio by asset type as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
% of Non-Agency
 
December 31, 2014
 
% of Non-Agency
Re-REMIC
954,523

 
32.4
%
 
1,000,635

 
32.7
%
Prime
929,961

 
31.5
%
 
969,849

 
31.7
%
Alt-A
674,373

 
22.9
%
 
694,467

 
22.7
%
Subprime/reperforming
388,818

 
13.2
%
 
396,696

 
12.9
%
Total Non-Agency
2,947,675

 
100.0
%
 
3,061,647

 
100.0
%

 
12
 

Table of Contents


The following table summarizes the credit enhancement provided to the Company's re-securitization of real estate mortgage investment conduit ("Re-REMIC") holdings as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
  
Percentage of Re-REMIC Holdings at Fair Value
Re-REMIC Subordination(1)
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
0% - 10%
7.3
%
 
7.0
%
10% - 20%
4.5
%
 
4.4
%
20% - 30%
11.9
%
 
11.9
%
30% - 40%
25.7
%
 
26.1
%
40% - 50%
31.5
%
 
31.8
%
50% - 60%
15.5
%
 
15.2
%
60% - 70%
3.6
%
 
3.6
%
Total
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
(1)
Subordination refers to the credit enhancement provided to the Re-REMIC tranche held by the Company by any junior Re-REMIC tranche or tranches in a resecuritization. This figure reflects the percentage of the balance of the underlying securities represented by any junior tranche or tranches at the time of resecuritization. Generally, principal losses on the underlying securities in excess of the subordination amount would result in principal losses on the Re-REMIC tranche held by the Company.
The components of the carrying value of the Company’s MBS portfolio at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 are presented below. 
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Principal balance
18,490,826

 
18,505,710

Unamortized premium
552,865

 
549,816

Unamortized discount
(2,173,046
)
 
(2,138,125
)
Gross unrealized gains
533,661

 
439,706

Gross unrealized losses
(63,711
)
 
(108,212
)
Fair value
17,340,595

 
17,248,895

The following table summarizes the Company’s MBS portfolio according to estimated weighted average life classifications as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. 
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Less than one year
511,744

 
440,471

Greater than one year and less than five years
8,899,541

 
7,997,709

Greater than or equal to five years
7,929,310

 
8,810,715

Total
17,340,595

 
17,248,895



 
13
 

Table of Contents


The following tables present the estimated fair value and gross unrealized losses of the Company's MBS by length of time that such securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

March 31, 2015
  
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
$ in thousands
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
362,706

 
(320
)
 
9

 
80,040

 
(378
)
 
5

 
442,746

 
(698
)
 
14

30 year fixed-rate
386,616

 
(2,830
)
 
14

 
1,243,419

 
(20,710
)
 
45

 
1,630,035

 
(23,540
)
 
59

ARM
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Hybrid ARM
73,052

 
(68
)
 
4

 
12,670

 
(66
)
 
2

 
85,722

 
(134
)
 
6

Total Agency pass-through
822,374

 
(3,218
)
 
27

 
1,336,129

 
(21,154
)
 
52

 
2,158,503

 
(24,372
)
 
79

Agency-CMO
31,907

 
(4,171
)
 
16

 
161,321

 
(8,231
)
 
11

 
193,228

 
(12,402
)
 
27

Non-Agency RMBS
524,866

 
(4,180
)
 
30

 
363,863

 
(10,867
)
 
25

 
888,729

 
(15,047
)
 
55

GSE CRT
204,279

 
(11,717
)
 
9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
204,279

 
(11,717
)
 
9

CMBS
58,151

 
(87
)
 
7

 
32,662

 
(86
)
 
2

 
90,813

 
(173
)
 
9

Total
1,641,577

 
(23,373
)
 
89

 
1,893,975

 
(40,338
)
 
90

 
3,535,552

 
(63,711
)
 
179

December 31, 2014
  
Less than 12 Months
 
12 Months or More
 
Total
$ in thousands
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
 
Fair
Value
 
Unrealized
Losses
 
Number
of
Securities
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
10,897

 
(42
)
 
1

 
105,644

 
(1,395
)
 
6

 
116,541

 
(1,437
)
 
7

30 year fixed-rate
137,680

 
(2,662
)
 
5

 
1,756,894

 
(40,181
)
 
62

 
1,894,574

 
(42,843
)
 
67

ARM
24,074

 
(9
)
 
1

 
3,719

 
(23
)
 
1

 
27,793

 
(32
)
 
2

Hybrid ARM
630,775

 
(1,544
)
 
28

 
20,361

 
(197
)
 
2

 
651,136

 
(1,741
)
 
30

Total Agency pass-through
803,426

 
(4,257
)
 
35

 
1,886,618

 
(41,796
)
 
71

 
2,690,044

 
(46,053
)
 
106

Agency-CMO
36,723

 
(6,192
)
 
18

 
265,863

 
(9,481
)
 
10

 
302,586

 
(15,673
)
 
28

Non-Agency RMBS
573,122

 
(5,799
)
 
34

 
354,532

 
(11,990
)
 
21

 
927,654

 
(17,789
)
 
55

GSE CRT
306,603

 
(25,346
)
 
13

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
306,603

 
(25,346
)
 
13

CMBS
134,364

 
(277
)
 
11

 
227,452

 
(3,074
)
 
19

 
361,816

 
(3,351
)
 
30

Total
1,854,238

 
(41,871
)
 
111

 
2,734,465

 
(66,341
)
 
121

 
4,588,703

 
(108,212
)
 
232

Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency RMBS were $24.4 million at March 31, 2015. Due to the inherent credit quality of Agency RMBS, the Company determined that at March 31, 2015, any unrealized losses on its Agency RMBS portfolio are temporary.
Gross unrealized losses on the Company’s Agency-CMO, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS were $39.3 million at March 31, 2015. The Company does not consider these unrealized losses to be credit related, but rather due to non-credit related factors such as interest rate spreads, prepayment speeds, and market fluctuations. These investment securities are included in the Company’s assessment for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis.

 
14
 

Table of Contents


The following table presents the impact of the Company’s MBS on its accumulated other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. 
$ in thousands
Three Months 
 ended 
 March 31, 2015
 
Three Months 
 ended 
 March 31, 2014
Accumulated other comprehensive income from investment securities:
 
 
 
Unrealized gain (loss) on MBS at beginning of period
331,494

 
(151,371
)
Unrealized gain (loss) on MBS, net
138,456

 
181,185

Balance at the end of period
469,950

 
29,814

During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company reclassified $2.1 million of net unrealized gains and $11.7 million of net unrealized losses, respectively, from other comprehensive income into gain (loss) on sale of investments as a result of the Company selling certain investments. The following table summarizes the Company's gross realized gains and losses during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
$ in thousands
Three Months 
 ended 
 March 31, 2015
 
Three Months 
 ended 
 March 31, 2014
Gross realized gains on sale of investments
2,964

 
7,729

Gross realized losses on sale of investments
(822
)
 
(19,447
)
Net realized gains (losses) on sale of investments
2,142

 
(11,718
)
The Company assesses its investment securities for other-than-temporary impairment on a quarterly basis. When the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost at the balance sheet date of the reporting period for which impairment is assessed, the impairment is designated as either “temporary” or “other-than-temporary.” The Company evaluates each security that has had a fair value less than amortized cost for three or more consecutive months for other-than-temporary impairment. This analysis includes evaluating the individual loans in each security to determine estimated future cash flows. Individual loan characteristics reviewed include, but are not limited to, delinquency status, loan-to-value ratios, borrower credit scores, occupancy status and geographic concentration. To the extent a security is deemed impaired, the amount by which the amortized cost exceeds the security's market value would be considered other-than-temporary impairment.
The Company did not have other-than-temporary impairments for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
The following table presents components of interest income on the Company’s MBS portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
For the three months ended March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
Coupon
Interest
 
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
 
Interest
Income
Agency
94,372

 
(26,859
)
 
67,513

Non-Agency
30,810

 
658

 
31,468

GSE CRT
7,481

 
(920
)
 
6,561

CMBS
37,905

 
(2,428
)
 
35,477

Other
(1
)
 
—

 
(1
)
Total
170,567

 
(29,549
)
 
141,018


 
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For the three months ended March 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Coupon
Interest
 
Net (Premium
Amortization)/Discount
Accretion
 
Interest
Income
Agency
105,483

 
(23,664
)
 
81,819

Non-Agency
35,555

 
1,531

 
37,086

GSE CRT
4,376

 
(596
)
 
3,780

CMBS
38,612

 
(9,661
)
 
28,951

Other
103

 
—

 
103

Total
184,129

 
(32,390
)
 
151,739

Note 5 – Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment
Commercial loans held-for-investment consist of a first mortgage loan, mezzanine loans and other subordinate interests purchased or originated by the Company as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
Number of
loans
 
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized (fees)/
costs, net
 
Carrying
value
 
Unfunded
commitment
First mortgage loan
1

 
19,978

 
28

 
20,006

 
1,623

Subordinate interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loans
4

 
73,587

 
(75
)
 
73,512

 
—

Other (1)
2

 
52,693

 
—

 
52,693

 
—

Total
7

 
146,258

 
(47
)
 
146,211

 
1,623

(1) Other subordinate interests include a B-note and a preferred equity investment.

December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Number of
loans
 
Principal
Balance
 
Unamortized (fees)/
costs, net
 
Carrying
value
 
Unfunded
commitment
First mortgage loan
1

 
19,978

 
41

 
20,019

 
1,623

Subordinate interests:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mezzanine loans
4

 
71,643

 
(94
)
 
71,549

 
3,357

Other(1)
2

 
54,188

 
—

 
54,188

 
—

Total
7

 
145,809

 
(53
)
 
145,756

 
4,980

(1) Other subordinate interests include a B-note and a preferred equity investment.
These loans were not impaired, and no allowance for loan loss has been recorded as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Note 6 – Other Investments
The following table summarizes the Company's other investments as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
FHLBI stock
69,750

 
62,500

Investments in unconsolidated ventures
41,243

 
43,998

Total
110,993

 
106,498

IAS Services LLC, the Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, is required to purchase and hold FHLBI stock as a condition of membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI"). The stock is recorded at cost.

 
16
 

Table of Contents


The Company has invested in unconsolidated ventures that are managed by an affiliate of the Company's Manager. The unconsolidated ventures invest in the Company's target assets. Refer to Note 15 - "Commitments and Contingencies" for additional details regarding the Company's commitments to these unconsolidated ventures.
Note 7 – Borrowings
The Company has entered into repurchase agreements, secured loans and issued exchangeable senior notes to finance the majority of its portfolio of investments. The following table summarizes certain characteristics of the Company’s borrowings at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted
 
 
Weighted
 
Average
 
 
 
Weighted
 
Average
 
 
Average
 
Remaining
 
 
 
Average
 
Remaining
Amount
 
Interest
 
Maturity
 
Amount
 
Interest
 
Maturity
Outstanding
 
Rate
 
(days)
 
Outstanding
 
Rate
 
(days)
Repurchase Agreements:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency RMBS
8,778,225

 
0.35
%
 
17

 
9,018,818

 
0.35
%
 
18

Non-Agency RMBS
2,613,114

 
1.52
%
 
34

 
2,676,626

 
1.51
%
 
36

GSE CRT
486,990

 
1.67
%
 
26

 
468,782

 
1.55
%
 
27

CMBS
1,454,752

 
1.33
%
 
38

 
1,458,451

 
1.32
%
 
26

Secured Loans
1,550,000

 
0.40
%
 
3,071

 
1,250,000

 
0.37
%
 
3,472

Exchangeable Senior Notes
400,000

 
5.00
%
 
1,081

 
400,000

 
5.00
%
 
1,170

Total
15,283,081

 
0.81
%
 
359

 
15,272,677

 
0.81
%
 
335

The Company finances its residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts. Refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" for a discussion of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts.
Repurchase Agreements
Repurchase agreements bear interest at a contractually agreed upon rate and have maturities ranging from one month to twelve months. Repurchase agreements are accounted for as secured borrowings since the Company maintains effective control of the financed assets. Under the repurchase agreements, the respective lender retains the right to mark the underlying collateral to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require the Company to provide additional collateral or fund margin calls. In addition, the repurchase agreements are subject to certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at March 31, 2015.

 
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The following tables summarize certain characteristics of the Company’s repurchase agreements at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
March 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
Amount Outstanding
 
Percent of Total Amount Outstanding
 
Company MBS Held as Collateral
 
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
1,382,129

 
10.4
%
 
1,741,155

(1 
) 
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc
1,231,915

 
9.2
%
 
1,271,803

 
Royal Bank of Canada
1,040,865

 
7.8
%
 
1,203,610

 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
968,334

 
7.3
%
 
1,144,895

(2 
) 
South Street Securities LLC
931,104

 
7.0
%
 
976,970

 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC
717,869

 
5.4
%
 
757,589

 
Banc of America Securities LLC
662,641

 
5.0
%
 
748,193

(3 
) 
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc.
653,861

 
4.9
%
 
689,968

 
Pierpont Securities LLC
630,346

 
4.7
%
 
662,713

 
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
624,508

 
4.7
%
 
719,790

 
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
613,333

 
4.6
%
 
745,065

 
ING Financial Market LLC
576,864

 
4.3
%
 
611,710

 
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
526,920

 
4.0
%
 
581,521

 
Scotia Capital
505,637

 
3.8
%
 
526,845

 
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
467,799

 
3.5
%
 
506,123

 
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets, L.P.
421,208

 
3.2
%
 
445,536

 
Goldman, Sachs & Co.
327,794

 
2.5
%
 
351,736

 
Barclays Capital Inc.
202,225

 
1.5
%
 
254,145

 
All other counterparties (4)
847,729

 
6.2
%
 
907,882

 
Total
13,333,081

 
100.0
%
 
14,847,249

 
(1) Includes $270.8 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(2) Includes $34.4 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3) Includes $126.7 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(4) Represents amounts outstanding with nine counterparties.
 

 
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December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
$ in thousands
Repurchase Agreement Counterparties
Amount Outstanding
 
Percent of Total Amount Outstanding
 
Company MBS Held as Collateral
 
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
1,517,530

 
11.1
%
 
1,925,973

(1 
) 
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc
1,190,769

 
8.7
%
 
1,225,194

 
Royal Bank of Canada
1,057,798

 
7.8
%
 
1,278,612

 
Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
979,247

 
7.2
%
 
1,157,265

(2 
) 
South Street Securities LLC
961,938

 
7.1
%
 
1,020,054

 
Banc of America Securities LLC
791,196

 
5.9
%
 
875,984

(3 
) 
ING Financial Market LLC
767,733

 
5.6
%
 
820,166

 
Mitsubishi UFJ Securities (USA), Inc.
710,058

 
5.2
%
 
744,836

 
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
698,856

 
5.1
%
 
814,896

 
Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Financial Services LLC
682,193

 
5.0
%
 
716,989

 
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
627,071

 
4.6
%
 
754,706

 
Pierpont Securities LLC
601,222

 
4.4
%
 
627,534

 
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
589,950

 
4.3
%
 
632,002

 
BNP Paribas Securities Corp.
559,658

 
4.1
%
 
622,749

 
Scotia Capital
521,778

 
3.8
%
 
542,044

 
KGS-Alpha Capital Markets, L.P.
407,920

 
3.0
%
 
430,241

 
All other counterparties (4)
957,760

 
7.1
%
 
1,071,019

 
Total
13,622,677

 
100.0
%
 
15,260,264

 
(1) Includes $276.1 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(2) Includes $20.3 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3) Includes $106.8 million of MBS held as collateral which are eliminated in consolidation.
(4) Represents amounts outstanding with ten counterparties.
Company MBS held by counterparties as security for repurchase agreements was $14.8 billion and $15.3 billion at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. This represents a collateral ratio (Company MBS Held as Collateral/Amount Outstanding) of 111% and 112% for March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
No cash collateral was held by the counterparties at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Secured Loans
The Company's wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC is a member of the FHLBI. As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC may borrow funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances.
As of March 31, 2015, IAS Services LLC, had $1.55 billion in outstanding secured advances from the FHLBI and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. These secured advances have maturity dates ranging from 2020 to 2024 and have floating rates based on three-month LIBOR or the three-month FHLBI swap rate plus a spread. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, IAS Services LLC had average borrowings of $1.5 billion with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.39%.
The ability to borrow from the FHLBI is subject to the Company's continued creditworthiness, pledging of sufficient eligible collateral to secure advances, and compliance with certain agreements with FHLBI. Each advance requires approval by the FHLBI and is secured by collateral in accordance with FHLBI’s credit and collateral guidelines. The FHLBI retains the right to mark the underlying collateral for FHLBI advances to fair value. A reduction in the value of pledged assets would require IAS Services LLC to provide additional collateral.
As of March 31, 2015, the FHLBI advances were collateralized by CMBS and Agency RMBS with a fair value of $1.5 billion and $392.1 million, respectively.
As discussed in Note 6 - "Other Investments," IAS Services LLC is required to purchase and hold a certain amount of FHLBI stock, which is based, in part, upon the outstanding principal balance of secured advances from the FHLBI.

 
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Note 8 – Derivatives and Hedging Activities
Credit Derivatives
In 2010, the Company entered into a credit default swap contract ("CDS"). The Company sold protection against losses on a specific pool of non-Agency RMBS in excess of a specified threshold. In exchange, the Company is paid a stated fixed rate fee of 3% of the notional amount of the CDS. As of March 31, 2015, the Company has not made any payments related to the CDS contract.
At March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, terms of the CDS are:
$ in thousand
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Fair value amount
 
334

 
396

Notional amount
 
33,371

 
36,684

Maximum potential amount of future undiscounted payments
 
33,371

 
36,684

Recourse provisions with third parties
 
—

 
—

Collateral held by counterparty
 
5,139

 
5,642

Interest Rate Swaps
The Company's repurchase agreements are usually settled on a short-term basis ranging from one to twelve months. At each settlement date, the Company refinances each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. In addition, the Company's secured loans have floating interest rates. As such, the Company is exposed to changing interest rates. The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage its exposures to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount.
Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued cash flow hedge accounting for its interest rate swaps to gain greater flexibility in managing interest rate exposures. Amounts recorded in AOCI through December 31, 2013 related to cash flow hedges are reclassified to interest expense, repurchase agreements on the condensed consolidated statements of operations as interest is accrued and paid on the related repurchase agreements over the remaining life of the interest rate swap agreements. The Company reclassified $19.1 million and $21.3 million as an increase to interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that $60.5 million will be reclassified as an increase to interest expense, repurchase agreements.
As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the Company’s interest rate swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Monthly net cash settlements under swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

 
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As of March 31, 2015, the Company had the following interest rate swaps outstanding:
$ in thousands
Counterparty
 
 
 
 
Notional
 
Maturity Date
 
Fixed Interest Rate
in Contract
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
1/24/2016
 
2.12
%
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
1/24/2016
 
2.13
%
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
4/5/2016
 
2.48
%
Credit Suisse International
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
4/15/2016
 
2.27
%
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
4/15/2016
 
2.24
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/16/2016
 
2.31
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/24/2016
 
2.34
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/15/2016
 
2.67
%
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/15/2016
 
2.67
%
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
6/24/2016
 
2.51
%
Citibank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
10/15/2016
 
1.93
%
Deutsche Bank AG
 
 
 
 
150,000

 
2/5/2018
 
2.90
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
350,000

 
2/24/2018
 
0.95
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
300,000

 
5/5/2018
 
0.79
%
UBS AG
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
5/24/2018
 
1.10
%
ING Capital Markets LLC
 
 
 
 
400,000

 
6/5/2018
 
0.87
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
9/5/2018
 
1.04
%
Citibank, N.A. CME Clearing House
 
(1
)

 
300,000

 
2/5/2021
 
2.50
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc CME Clearing House
 
(1
)

 
300,000

 
2/5/2021
 
2.69
%
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
200,000

 
3/15/2021
 
3.14
%
Citibank, N.A.
 
 
 
 
200,000

 
5/25/2021
 
2.83
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
 
 
 
550,000

 
2/24/2022
 
2.45
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
6/5/2023
 
1.91
%
The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc
 



 
500,000

 
8/15/2023
 
1.98
%
Goldman Sachs Bank USA CME Clearing House
 
 

 
600,000

 
8/24/2023
 
2.88
%
UBS AG
 
 
 
 
250,000

 
11/15/2023
 
2.23
%
HSBC Bank USA, National Association
 
 
 
 
500,000

 
12/15/2023
 
2.20
%
Morgan Stanley Capital Services, LLC
 
 
 
 
100,000

 
4/2/2025
 
2.04
%
Total
 
 
 
 
10,350,000

 
 
 
2.10
%
(1)
Forward start date of February 2016
At March 31, 2015, the Company’s counterparties held $82.2 million in cash margin deposits and approximately $273.9 million in Agency RMBS as collateral against its interest rate swaps, CDS and currency forward contracts. In addition, several counterparties posted $4.3 million of cash as collateral with the Company. Cash margin posted by the Company is classified as due from counterparties, and cash margin posted by counterparties that are restricted in use, if any, is classified as restricted cash. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company did not have any restricted cash. The Agency RMBS collateral posted by the Company is included in the total mortgage-backed securities on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral that is not restricted for use by the Company is included in cash and cash equivalents and the liability to return the collateral is included in collateral held payable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Non-cash collateral posted by counterparties to the Company would be recognized if any counterparty defaults or if the Company sold the pledged collateral. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company did not recognize any non-cash collateral held as collateral.

 
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Interest Rate Swaptions
The Company has purchased interest rate swaptions to help mitigate the potential impact of increases or decreases in interest rates on the performance of a portion of the Company’s investment portfolio (referred to as “convexity risk”). The interest rate swaptions provide the Company the option to enter into interest rate swap agreements for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. The premium is valued at an amount equal to the fair value of the swaption that would have the effect of closing the position adjusted for nonperformance risk, if any. The difference between the premium and the fair value of the swaption is reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. If an interest rate swaption expires unexercised, the loss on the interest rate swaption would be equal to the premium paid. If the Company sells or exercises an interest rate swaption, the realized gain or loss on the interest rate swaption would be equal to the difference between the cash or the fair value of the underlying interest rate swap received and the premium paid. The Company had $4.7 million and $15.1 million of realized loss for the interest rate swaptions that expired unexercised during the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company had $3.7 million and $11.1 million of unrealized gain, respectively, which represents the change in fair value of the Company's interest rate swaptions that are recognized directly in earnings.
As of March 31, 2015, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaptions:
$ in thousands
 
Option
 
Underlying Swap
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average
 
 
 
Average
 
Average
 
Average
Interest Rate
 
 
 
 
 
Fair
 
Months to
 
Notional
 
Fixed Pay
 
Receive
 
Term
Swaptions
 
Expiration
 
Cost
 
Value
 
Expiration
 
Amount
 
Rate
 
rate
 
(Years)
Payer
 
< 6 Months
 
5,640

 
3

 
3.1
 
550,000

 
3.29
%
 
3M Libor
 
8.2
Total Payer
 
 
 
5,640

 
3

 
3.1
 
550,000

 
3.29
%
 
3M Libor
 
8.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receiver
 
> 6 Months
 
1,485

 
795

 
10.0
 
300,000

 
3M Libor

 
1.11
%
 
10.0
Total Receiver
 
 
 
1,485

 
795

 
10.0
 
300,000

 
3M Libor

 
1.11
%
 
10.0
TBAs, Futures and Currency Forward Contracts
The Company purchases or sells certain TBAs and U.S. Treasury futures contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of the Company's portfolio. Realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchase or sales of the TBAs and U.S. Treasury futures contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The Company uses currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on the Company's investments denominated in foreign currencies. Realized and unrealized gains and losses associated with the purchases or sales of currency forward contracts are recognized in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.


 
22
 

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The following table presents information with respect to the Company's derivative instruments:
$ in thousands
 
Notional Amount as
of January 1, 2015
 
Additions
 
Settlement,
Termination,
Expiration
or Exercise
 
Notional Amount as
of March 31, 2015
 
Amount of Realized
Gain (Loss), net on Derivative
Instruments (excluding net interest paid or received) for the three months ended March 31, 2015
Interest Rate Swaptions
 
1,050,000

 
300,000

 
(500,000
)
 
850,000

 
(4,688
)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
10,550,000

 
100,000

 
(300,000
)
 
10,350,000

 
(19,055
)
Sale of TBAs
 
198,000

 
248,000

 
(446,000
)
 
—

 
(2,292
)
Futures Contracts
 
127,400

 
120,900

 
(248,300
)
 
—

 
(943
)
Currency Forward Contracts
 
35,688

 
30,708

 
(32,127
)
 
34,269

 
875

Total
 
11,961,088

 
799,608

 
(1,526,427
)
 
11,234,269

 
(26,103
)
Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Balance Sheet
The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments, as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
$ in thousands
Asset Derivatives
 
Liability Derivatives
 
 
As of March 31, 2015
 
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2015
 
As of December 31, 2014
Balance
Sheet
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
 
Balance
Sheet
 
Fair Value
 
Fair Value
Interest Rate Swap Asset
 
4,198

 
22,772

 
Interest Rate Swap Liability
 
290,852

 
253,468

CDS Contract
 
334

 
396

 
TBAs
 
—

 
558

Interest Rate Swaptions
 
798

 
322

 
 
 
 
 
 
Futures Contracts
 
—

 
89

 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency Forward Contracts
 
1,376

 
599

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tabular Disclosure of the Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Income Statement
The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
Three months ended March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
Derivative
type for
cash flow
hedge
 
Amount of gain
(loss) recognized
in OCI on derivative
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated
OCI into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
reclassified from
accumulated OCI into
income
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain
(loss) recognized
in income on
derivative
(ineffective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
(ineffective portion)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
—

 
Interest Expense, Repurchase Agreements
 
(19,145
)
 
Gain (loss) 
on derivative instruments, net
 
—


 
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Table of Contents


Three months ended March 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Derivative
type for
cash flow
hedge
 
Amount of gain
(loss) recognized
in OCI on derivative
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated
OCI into income
(effective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
reclassified from
accumulated OCI into
income
(effective portion)
 
Location of gain
(loss) recognized
in income on
derivative
(ineffective portion)
 
Amount of gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
(ineffective portion)
Interest Rate Swaps
 
—

 
Interest Expense, Repurchase Agreements
 
(21,296
)
 
Gain (loss) 
on derivative instruments, net
 
—


$ in thousands
 
 
 
Amount of unrealized gain (loss) recognized in income on derivative
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
 
Location of unrealized gain (loss)
recognized in income
on derivative
 
Three months ended March 31, 2015
 
Three months ended March 31, 2014
CDS Contract
 
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
 
(62
)
 
(47
)

The following table summarizes the effect of interest rate swaps, swaption contracts, TBAs, futures contracts and currency forwards reported in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:
$ in thousands
Three months ended March 31, 2015
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or exercise, net
 
 Contractual interest expense
 
Unrealized gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps
(19,055
)
 
(45,608
)
 
(55,957
)
 
(120,620
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(4,688
)
 
—

 
3,679

 
(1,009
)
TBAs
(2,292
)
 
—

 
558

 
(1,734
)
Futures Contracts
(943
)
 
—

 
(90
)
 
(1,033
)
Currency Forward Contracts
875

 
—

 
776

 
1,651

Total
(26,103
)
 
(45,608
)
 
(51,034
)
 
(122,745
)

$ in thousands
Three months ended March 31, 2014
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or exercise, net
 
 Contractual interest expense
 
Unrealized gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps
—

 
(51,441
)
 
(90,192
)
 
(141,633
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(15,075
)
 
—

 
11,127

 
(3,948
)
TBAs
—

 
—

 
703

 
703

Futures Contracts
(3,749
)
 
—

 
(2,685
)
 
(6,434
)
Total
(18,824
)
 
(51,441
)
 
(81,047
)
 
(151,312
)
Credit-risk-related Contingent Features
The Company has agreements with each of its bilateral derivative counterparties. Some of those agreements contain a provision whereby if the Company defaults on any of its indebtedness, including default whereby repayment of the indebtedness has not been accelerated by the lender, the Company could be declared in default on its derivative obligations.
At March 31, 2015, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to these agreements, was $215.4 million. The Company has minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and has posted collateral of $273.9 million of Agency RMBS and

 
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$82.2 million of cash as of March 31, 2015. If the Company had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2015, it could have been required to settle its obligations under the agreements at their termination value.
In addition, as of March 31, 2015, the Company has an agreement with a central clearing counterparty. The fair value of such derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for non-performance risk related to this agreement, was $80.8 million.
The Company was in compliance with all of the financial provisions of these counterparty agreements as of March 31, 2015.
Note 9 – Offsetting Assets and Liabilities
Certain of the Company's repurchase agreements and derivative transactions are governed by underlying agreements that generally provide for a right of setoff under master netting arrangement (or similar agreements) in the event of default or in the event of bankruptcy of either party to the transactions. Assets and liabilities subject to such arrangements are presented on a gross basis in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present information about the assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting agreements (or similar agreements) and can potentially be offset on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of March 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the Condensed Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented in
the Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (1)
 
Collateral
Received (4)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
6,706

 
—

 
6,706

 
(3,171
)
 
(3,535
)
 
—

Total
6,706

 
—

 
6,706

 
(3,171
)
 
(3,535
)
 
—


 
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Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities, Repurchase Agreements and Secured Loans
As of March 31, 2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the Condensed Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Liabilities
presented in
the Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (2)(3)(5)
 

Collateral
Posted (2)(4)(5)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
290,852

 
—

 
290,852

 
(208,855
)
 
(80,414
)
 
1,583

Repurchase Agreements
13,333,081

 
—

 
13,333,081

 
(13,333,081
)
 
—

 
—

Secured Loans
1,550,000

 
—

 
1,550,000

 
(1,550,000
)
 
—

 
—

Total
15,173,933

 
—

 
15,173,933

 
(15,091,936
)
 
(80,414
)
 
1,583

Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the Condensed Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Assets
presented in
the Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (1)
 
Collateral
Received (4)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
24,178

 
—

 
24,178

 
(5,277
)
 
(18,901
)
 
—

Total
24,178

 
—

 
24,178

 
(5,277
)
 
(18,901
)
 
—


Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities and Repurchase Agreements
As of December 31, 2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
 
$ in thousands
Description
Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Liabilities
 
Gross
Amounts
Offset in the Condensed Consolidated
Balance
Sheets
 
Net Amounts
of Liabilities
presented in
the Condensed
Consolidated
Balance Sheets
 
Financial
Instruments (2)(3)
 

Collateral
Posted (2)(4)
 
Net Amount
Derivatives
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

 
(235,908
)
 
(18,118
)
 
—

Repurchase Agreements
13,622,677

 
—

 
13,622,677

 
(13,622,677
)
 
—

 
—

Secured Loans
1,250,000

 
—

 
1,250,000

 
(1,250,000
)
 
—

 
 
Total
15,126,703

 
—

 
15,126,703

 
(15,108,585
)
 
(18,118
)
 
—



 
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(1)
Amounts represent derivatives in an asset position which could potentially be offset against derivatives in a liability position at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, subject to a netting arrangement.
(2)
Amounts represent collateral pledged that is available to be offset against liability balances associated with repurchase agreements, secured loans and derivatives.
(3)
The fair value of securities pledged against the Company's borrowing under repurchase agreements was $14.8 billion and $15.3 billion at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, including securities held as collateral that are eliminated in consolidation of $431.9 million and $403.2 million, respectively at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014.
(4)
Cash collateral received on the Company's derivatives was $4.3 million and $14.9 million at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The Company did not receive non-cash collateral at March 31, 2015. Non-cash collateral received on the Company's derivatives was $10.8 million at December 31, 2014. Cash collateral posted by the Company on its derivatives was $82.2 million and $57.6 million at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
(5)
The fair value of securities pledged against IAS Services LLC's borrowing under secured loans was $1.9 billion and $1.5 billion at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Note 10 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments
A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosure of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. Observable inputs reflect readily obtainable data from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s market assumptions. The three levels are defined as follows:
•
Level 1 Inputs – Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•
Level 2 Inputs – Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.
•
Level 3 Inputs – Instruments with primarily unobservable value drivers.

 
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The following tables present the Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
 
March 31, 2015
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total at
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(1)
—

 
17,340,595

 
—

 
17,340,595

Derivative assets
—

 
6,372

 
334

 
6,706

Total assets
—

 
17,346,967

 
334

 
17,347,301

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
—

 
290,852

 
—

 
290,852

Total liabilities
—

 
290,852

 
—

 
290,852

 
December 31, 2014
 
 
 
Fair Value Measurements Using:
 
 
$ in thousands
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total at
Fair Value
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(1)
—

 
17,248,895

 
—

 
17,248,895

Derivative assets
89

 
23,693

 
396

 
24,178

Total assets
89

 
17,272,588

 
396

 
17,273,073

Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative liabilities
—

 
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

Total liabilities
—

 
254,026

 
—

 
254,026

(1)
For more detail about the fair value of the Company's MBS, refer to Note 4 - "Mortgage-Backed Securities."
The following table shows a reconciliation of the beginning and ending fair value measurements of the Company's credit default swap ("CDS") contract, which the Company has valued utilizing Level 3 inputs:
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
Balance at January 1
396

 
654

Unrealized gains/(losses), net
(62
)
 
(258
)
Ending balance
334

 
396

The following table summarizes significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company's CDS contract:
 
Fair Value at
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
 
 
Weighted
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
Technique
 
Input
 
Range
 
Average
CDS Contract
334

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Swap Rate
 
 
 
2.39
%
 
 
 
 
 
Discount Rate
 
 
 
0.66
%
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Spread
 
 
 
0.32
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Prepayment Rate
 
1.0% - 20.0%
 
5.47
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Default Rate
 
0.5% - 100.0%
 
4.14
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Severity
 
2.02% - 66.0%
 
40.14
%

 
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Fair Value at
 
Valuation
 
Unobservable
 
 
 
Weighted
$ in thousands
December 31, 2014
 
Technique
 
Input
 
Range
 
Average
CDS Contract
396

 
Discounted cash flow
 
Swap Rate
 
 
 
2.39
%
 
 
 
 
 
Discount Rate
 
 
 
0.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
Credit Spread
 
 
 
0.24
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Prepayment Rate
 
1.0% - 20.0%
 
5.46
%
 
 
 
 
 
Constant Default Rate
 
0.6% - 100.0%
 
4.15
%
 
 
 
 
 
Loss Severity
 
1.1% - 62.3%
 
39.35
%
These significant unobservable inputs change according to market conditions and security performance expectations. Significant increases (decreases) in swap rate, discount rate, credit spread, constant prepayment rate, constant default rate or loss severity in isolation would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, a change in the assumption used for the constant default rate would likely be accompanied by a directionally similar change in the assumptions used for swap rate, credit spread and loss severity and a directionally opposite change in the assumption used for discount rate and constant prepayment rate. If the inputs had not changed during the quarter, the fair value of the CDS contract would have been $6,200 more than the actual fair value at March 31, 2015.
The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of the Company's financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, at March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014:
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Value
 
Estimated
Fair Value
Financial Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential loans, held-for-investment
3,597,147

 
3,622,776

 
3,365,003

 
3,399,964

Commercial loans, held-for-investment
146,211

 
148,026

 
145,756

 
147,497

Other investments
110,993

 
110,993

 
106,498

 
106,498

Total
3,854,351

 
3,881,795

 
3,617,257

 
3,653,959

Financial Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,333,081

 
13,340,003

 
13,622,677

 
13,630,571

Secured loans
1,550,000

 
1,550,000

 
1,250,000

 
1,250,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
3,133,527

 
3,150,057

 
2,929,820

 
2,930,422

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
385,000

 
400,000

 
379,500

Total
18,416,608

 
18,425,060

 
18,202,497

 
18,190,493

The following describes the Company’s methods for estimating the fair value for financial instruments.
•
The fair value of residential loans held-for-investment is a Level 3 fair value measurement which is based on an expected present value technique. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates the Company determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for loans with similar characteristics and credit quality.
•
The fair value of commercial loans held-for-investment is a Level 3 fair value measurement. New commercial loans are carried at their unpaid principal balance until the end of the calendar year in which they were originated unless market factors indicate cost may not be a reliable indicator of fair value. Subsequent to the year of origination, commercial loan investments are valued on at least an annual basis by an independent third party valuation agent using a discounted cash flow technique.
•
The fair value of FHLBI stock, included in "Other investments," is a Level 3 fair value measurement. FHLBI stock may only be sold back to the FHLBI at its discretion at cost. As a result, the cost of the FHLBI stock approximates its fair value.
•
The fair value of investments in unconsolidated ventures, included in "Other investments," is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The fair value measurement is based on the net asset value per share of the Company's investments.
•
The fair value of repurchase agreements is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on an expected present value technique. This method discounts future estimated cash flows using rates the Company determined best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for repurchase agreements with similar characteristics and credit quality.

 
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•
The fair value of asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts is a Level 3 fair value measurement based on valuations obtained from a third party pricing service. There is not an active trading market for many of the underlying asset-backed securities. Accordingly, these securities are valued by the third party pricing service by discounting future estimated cash flows using rates that best reflect current market interest rates that would be offered for securities with similar characteristics and credit quality.
•
The fair value of secured loans is a Level 3 fair value measurement. The secured loans have floating rates based on an index plus a spread. Accordingly, the interest rates on these secured loans are at market, and thus the carrying amount approximates fair value.
•
The fair value of the exchangeable senior notes issued is a Level 2 fair value measurement based on valuation obtained from a third-party pricing service.
Note 11 – Related Party Transactions
The Company is externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc. (the "Manager"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd. Under the terms of the management agreement, the Manager and its affiliates provide the Company with its management team, including its officers, along with appropriate support personnel. Each of the Company’s officers is an employee of the Manager or one of its affiliates. The Company does not have any employees. The Manager is not obligated to dedicate any of its employees exclusively to the Company, nor are the Manager or its employees obligated to dedicate any specific portion of its or their time to the Company’s business. The Manager is at all times subject to the supervision and oversight of the Company’s Board of Directors and has only such functions and authority as the Company delegates to it.
The Company has invested $152.7 million and $149.3 million as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, in money market or mutual funds managed by affiliates of the Company’s Manager. The investments are reported as cash and cash equivalents on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Management Fee
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company incurred management fees of $9.4 million (March 31, 2014: $9.3 million), of which $9.3 million (March 31, 2014: $9.3 million) was accrued but has not been paid.
Expense Reimbursement
The Company is required to reimburse its Manager for Company operating expenses incurred by the Manager, including directors and officers insurance, accounting services, auditing and tax services, filing fees, and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. The Company’s reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation.
The following table summarizes the costs originally paid by the Manager, incurred on behalf of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
2015
 
2014
Incurred costs, prepaid or expensed
642

 
1,765

Total incurred costs, originally paid by the Manager
642

 
1,765

Termination Fee
A termination fee is due to the Manager upon termination of the management agreement by the Company. The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of the average annual management fee earned by the Manager during the 24-month period before termination, calculated as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal quarter.

 
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Note 12 – Stockholders’ Equity
Securities Convertible into Shares of Common Stock
The non-controlling interest holder of the Operating Partnership units, a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary, has the right to cause the Operating Partnership to redeem their operating partnership ("OP Units") for cash equal to the market value of an equivalent number of shares of common stock, or at the Company’s option, the Company may purchase their OP Units by issuing one share of common stock for each OP Unit redeemed. The Company has also adopted an equity incentive plan which allows the Company to grant securities convertible into the Company’s common stock to the independent directors and employees of the Company's Manager and its affiliates.
Common Stock
The Company has a dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan (the “DRSPP”) that allows participating stockholders to purchase shares of common stock directly from the Company. DRSPP participants may also automatically reinvest all or a portion of their dividends in exchange for additional shares of common stock.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company issued 4,444 shares of common stock at an average price of $15.83 under the DRSPP. The Company received total proceeds of approximately $70,000.
Preferred Stock
Holders of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum. The dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears.
Holders of the Company’s Series B Preferred Stock are entitled to receive dividends at an annual rate of 7.75% of the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share or $1.9375 per share per annum until December 27, 2024. After December 27, 2024, holders are entitled to receive dividends at a floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus a spread of 5.18% of the $25.00 liquidation preference per annum. Dividends are cumulative and payable quarterly in arrears, with the first dividend payment date on December 29, 2014.
The Company may elect to redeem shares of preferred stock at its option after July 26, 2017 (with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock) and after December 27, 2024 (with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock) for $25.00 per share, plus any accumulated and unpaid dividends through the date of the redemption. These shares are not redeemable, convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or any other securities of the Company prior to those times, except under circumstances intended to preserve the Company's qualification as a REIT or upon the occurrence of a change in control.
Share Repurchase Program
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of March 31, 2015, the Company had authority to purchase 14,841,784 additional shares of its common stock under its share repurchase program. The share repurchase program has no stated expiration date.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has currently reserved 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance to its independent directors and officers and employees of the Manger and its affiliates under the terms of its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"). Unless terminated earlier, the Incentive Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern the unexpired awards.
The Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $85,000 and $52,000 related to the Company's non-executive directors for three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, the Company issued 5,332 shares and 2,745 shares of stock, respectively, pursuant to the Incentive Plan to the Company’s non-executive directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant.
The Company recognized compensation expense of approximately $70,000 and $81,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, related to awards to employees of the Manager and its affiliates which is reimbursed by the Manager under the management agreement. During March 2015, the Company issued 11,547 shares of common stock (net of tax withholding) to employees of the Manager and its affiliates in exchange for 17,783 restricted stock units that vested under the Incentive Plan. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company awarded 17,652 restricted stock units to employees of the Manager and its affiliates.

 
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Dividends
On March 17, 2015, we declared the following dividends:
•
a dividend of $0.45 per share of common stock to be paid on April 28, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 30, 2015;
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid on April 27, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 1, 2015; and
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series B Preferred Stock to be paid on June 29, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 5, 2015.
Note 13 – Earnings per Common Share
Earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014 is computed as follows: 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
$ and share amounts in thousands
2015
 
2014
Numerator (Income)
 
 
 
Basic Earnings
 
 
 
Net loss available to common stockholders
(32,700
)
 
(74,440
)
Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
Income allocated to exchangeable senior debt
—

 
—

Loss allocated to non-controlling interest
(312
)
 
(822
)
Dilutive net loss available to stockholders
(33,012
)
 
(75,262
)
Denominator (Weighted Average Shares)
 
 
 
Basic Earnings:
 
 
 
Shares available to common stockholders
123,118

 
123,125

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
Restricted stock awards
—

 
—

OP units
1,425

 
1,425

Exchangeable senior notes
—

 
—

Dilutive Shares
124,543

 
124,550

The following potential common shares were excluded from diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2015 as the effect would be anti-dilutive: 16,835,720 for the exchangeable senior notes and 46,003 for restricted stock awards. The following potential common shares were excluded from diluted earnings per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2014 as the effect would be anti-dilutive: 16,835,720 for the exchangeable senior notes and 41,007 for restricted stock awards.

 
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Note 14 – Non-controlling Interest—Operating Partnership
Non-controlling interest represents the aggregate Operating Partnership Units in the Company's Operating Partnership held by a wholly-owned Invesco subsidiary. Income allocated to the non-controlling interest is based on the Unit Holders’ ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership. The ownership percentage is determined by dividing the number of OP Units held by the Unit Holders by the total number of dilutive shares of common stock. The issuance of common stock (“Share” or “Shares”) or OP Units changes the percentage ownership of both the Unit Holders and the holders of common stock. Since an OP unit is generally redeemable for cash or Shares at the option of the Company, it is deemed to be a Share equivalent. Therefore, such transactions are treated as capital transactions and result in an allocation between stockholders’ equity and non-controlling interest in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, non-controlling interest related to the outstanding 1,425,000 OP Units represented a 1.1% interest and 1.1% interest in the Operating Partnership, respectively.
The following table presents the income (expense) allocated and distributions paid to the Operating Partnership non-controlling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014.
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
2015
 
2014
Expense allocated
(312
)
 
(822
)
Distributions paid
641

 
713

As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, distributions payable to the non-controlling interest were approximately $641,000 and $713,000, respectively.
Note 15 – Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and contingencies may arise in the ordinary course of business.
Off Balance Sheet Commitments
As discussed in Note 6 - "Other Investments", the Company has invested in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of the Company’s Manager. The unconsolidated ventures are structured as partnerships, and the Company invests in the partnerships as a limited partner. The entities are structured such that capital commitments are to be drawn down over the life of the partnership as investment opportunities are identified. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company’s undrawn capital and purchase commitments were $27.8 million and $31.0 million, respectively.
As discussed in Note 5 - “Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment”, the Company purchases and originates commercial loans. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company has unfunded commitments on commercial loans held-for-investment of $1.6 million and $5.0 million, respectively.
The Company has entered into agreements with financial institutions to guarantee certain obligations of its subsidiaries.  The Company would be required to perform under these guarantees in the event of certain defaults. The Company has not had prior claims or losses pursuant to these contracts and expects the risk of loss to be remote.

Note 16 – Subsequent Events
The Company has reviewed subsequent events occurring through the date that these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, and determined that no subsequent events occurred that would require accrual or additional disclosure.


 
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ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.
In this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, or this “Report,” we refer to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries as “we,” “us,” “our Company,” or “our,” unless we specifically state otherwise or the context indicates otherwise. We refer to our external manager, Invesco Advisers, Inc., as our “Manager,” and we refer to the indirect parent company of our Manager, Invesco Ltd. (NYSE:IVZ) together with its consolidated subsidiaries (which does not include us), as “Invesco.”
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are included in Item 1 of this Report, as well as the information contained in our most recent Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Forward-Looking Statements
We make forward-looking statements in this Report and other filings we make with the SEC within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and such statements are intended to be covered by the safe harbor provided by the same. Forward-looking statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, many of which are difficult to predict and are generally beyond our control. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, investment strategies, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “plan,” “continue,” “intend,” “should,” “may” or similar expressions and future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” and “would,” and any other statement that necessarily depends on future events, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
•
our business and investment strategy;
•
our investment portfolio;
•
our projected operating results;
•
general volatility of financial markets and effects of governmental responses, including actions and initiatives of the U.S. governmental agencies and changes to U.S. government policies, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), mortgage loan modification programs, actions and initiatives of foreign governmental agencies and central banks, and the completion of the Federal Reserve long-term asset purchases (quantitative easing or "QE"), and our ability to respond to and comply with such actions, initiatives and changes;
•
the availability of financing sources, including our ability to obtain additional financing arrangements and the terms of such arrangements;
•
financing and advance rates for our target assets;
•
changes to our expected leverage;
•
our expected investments;
•
our expected book value per share of common stock;
•
interest rate mismatches between our target assets and our borrowings used to fund such investments;
•
the adequacy of our cash flow from operations and borrowings to meet our short-term liquidity needs;
•
our ability to maintain sufficient liquidity to meet any margin calls;
•
changes in the credit rating of the U.S. government;
•
changes in interest rates and interest rate spreads and the market value of our target assets;
•
changes in prepayment rates on our target assets;
•
the impact of any deficiencies in foreclosure practices of third parties and related uncertainty in the timing of collateral disposition;
•
our reliance on third parties in connection with services related to our target assets;
•
effects of hedging instruments on our target assets;

 
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•
rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our target assets;
•
modifications to whole loans or loans underlying securities;
•
the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
•
the degree to which derivative contracts expose us to contingent liabilities;
•
counterparty defaults;
•
compliance with restrictive covenants in our financing arrangements;
•
changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, and similar matters and our ability to respond to such changes;
•
our ability to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•
our ability to maintain our exception from the definition of “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”);
•
availability of investment opportunities in mortgage-related, real estate-related and other securities;
•
availability of U.S. Government Agency guarantees with regard to payments of principal and interest on securities;
•
the market price and trading volume of our capital stock;
•
availability of qualified personnel of our Manager;
•
the relationship with our Manager;
•
estimates relating to taxable income and our ability to continue to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;
•
estimates relating to fair value of our target assets and loan loss reserves;
•
our understanding of our competition;
•
changes to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”); and
•
market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these factors are described under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are included in this Report.
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation primarily focused on investing in, financing and managing residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and mortgage loans. We are externally managed and advised by Invesco Advisers, Inc., our Manager, a registered investment adviser and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Invesco Ltd., a leading independent global investment management firm. We elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), commencing with our taxable year ended December 31, 2009. To maintain our REIT qualification, we are generally required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders annually. We operate our business in a manner that permits our exclusion from the definition of “Investment Company” under the 1940 Act.
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. To achieve this objective, we primarily invest in the following:
•
Residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) that are guaranteed by a U.S. government agency such as the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") or a federally chartered corporation such as the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) (collectively "Agency RMBS");

 
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•
RMBS that are not guaranteed by a U.S. government agency ("non-Agency RMBS");
•
Credit risk transfer securities issued by government-sponsored enterprises ("GSE CRT");
•
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”); 
•
Residential and commercial mortgage loans; and
•
Other real estate-related financing arrangements.
We generally finance our investments through short- and long-term borrowings structured as repurchase agreements and secured loans. We finance our residential loans held-for-investment through asset-backed securities ("ABS") issued by consolidated securitization trusts. We have also financed investments through the issuances of debt and equity and may utilize other forms of financing in the future.
Capital Activities
On March 17, 2015, we declared the following dividends:
•
a dividend of $0.45 per share of common stock to be paid on April 28, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on March 30, 2015;
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series A Preferred Stock to be paid on April 27, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on April 1, 2015; and
•
a dividend of $0.4844 per share of Series B Preferred Stock to be paid on June 29, 2015 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on June 5, 2015.
We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Factors Impacting Our Operating Results
Our operating results can be affected by a number of factors and primarily depend on the level of our net interest income and the market value of our assets. The market value of our assets can be impacted by asset spreads and the supply of, and demand for, target assets in which we invest. Our net interest income, which includes the amortization of purchase premiums, reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense and accretion of purchase discounts, varies primarily as a result of changes in market interest rates and prepayment speeds, as measured by the constant prepayment rate (“CPR”) on our target assets. Interest rates and prepayment speeds vary according to the type of investment, conditions in the financial markets, competition and other factors, none of which can be predicted with any certainty.
Market Conditions
Macroeconomic factors that affect our business include credit spread premiums, market interest rates, Federal Reserve policy initiatives, residential and commercial real estate prices, employment conditions and inflation. The first quarter of 2015 began with interest rates falling and implied interest rate volatility increasing. In that environment, Agency RMBS started the year with prices rising but significantly underperforming similar duration U.S. Treasury notes. The yield curve continued to flatten as short maturity interest rates moved somewhat lower but longer-term rates moved meaningfully lower for the first quarter of 2015.
Domestic economic conditions continue to improve. While revisions pared back the size of non-farm payrolls originally reported, the payroll reports released in January and February of 2015 showed large increases in new jobs. Payrolls averaged just under 200,000 jobs per month for the first quarter after nearly 325,000 jobs per month in the fourth quarter of 2014. Weather may have impacted employment in the first quarter. Apart from employment, most measures of domestic economic strength disappointed in the first quarter and economists’ estimates of growth for 2015 were revised lower. Another significant driver of market conditions was the announcement of quantitative easing by the European central bank. Following that announcement, sovereign yields that had already been declining fell further and the U.S. dollar strengthened against the Euro. The low interest rate environment, coupled with declining energy prices, should be supportive for U.S. economic growth, as policy rates are much lower than that which would be historically indicated by unemployment and inflation indicators alone. However, high levels of indebtedness and the stronger dollar could create headwinds. Households are once again increasing their debt levels, albeit at a modest rate, which increases their ability to consume goods and services. Inflation data continues to indicate smaller increases than the Federal Reserve's 2% inflation target, with core personal consumption expenditures prices having increased 1.3% year-over-year through February 2015.

 
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Global influences lead the list of factors that can explain the drop in market yields over the past quarter and year, namely central bank purchases of sovereign debt, weak growth and deflationary risks in Europe, declining growth in China, and growing concern over the economies of countries reliant on commodity exports, as well as tensions in the Middle East. Five year government bond yields in some European countries are negative and ten year yields are approaching zero. The interest rate environment has been supportive for Agency RMBS and we believe it will continue to be. Lower interest rates create prepayment concerns, but the prepayment option embedded in Agency RMBS is less onerous given continued tight residential mortgage loan underwriting standards and reasonably low interest rate volatility. We believe QE in Europe and Japan will create international demand for Agency RMBS due to the relatively attractive yield and the government guarantee. Further, Agency RMBS investors saw the market impact from Federal Reserve tapering of Agency RMBS purchases in the fourth quarter of 2014 and that program ended with little noticeable impact on Agency RMBS valuations. There has been adequate demand from investors and limited supply of new Agency RMBS to offset the decline in demand from the Federal Reserve. With respect to credit assets, CMBS yield spreads over comparable term interest rate swaps narrowed modestly over the quarter. Spreads in GSE CRTs issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac narrowed considerably over the first quarter of 2015 after widening markedly during the second half of 2014.
The impact of regulatory initiatives on the economy may also affect our business and our financial results. The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in July 2010, contains numerous provisions affecting the financial and mortgage industries, many of which may affect our cost of doing business, may limit our investment opportunities and may affect the competitive balance within our industry and the markets in which we invest. For example, the Ability-to-Repay (“ATR”) rule requires lenders to make a reasonable, good-faith determination that residential borrowers have a reasonable ability to repay a mortgage loan. In addition to the ATR rule, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau adopted a Qualified Mortgage (“QM”) framework that provides certain legal protections to residential mortgage loan lenders, which include restrictions on loan features, points and fees and borrower debt-to-income ratios. While we are not directly subject to compliance with the implementation of rules regarding the origination of residential mortgage loans, the impact of these regulations and others could affect our ability to securitize or invest in newly originated loans in the future.
In addition, the regulatory landscape for our repurchase agreement counterparties continues to evolve following the adoption of new capital rules which generally affects the manner in which banks lend. Regulators are also focused on liquidity requirements which will likely impact how banks fund themselves. While we are not directly subject to compliance with the implementation of rules regarding financial institutions, the effect of these regulations and others could affect our ability to finance our assets in the future.
On September 2, 2014, the Federal Housing Finance Agency ("FHFA"), proposed to revise its regulations governing Federal Home Loan Bank membership to, among other things, exclude captive insurance companies. However, the proposed rules would permit existing captive insurers, such as our captive insurance company subsidiary IAS Services LLC, to remain members for a period of five years following the effective date of the final rules. In addition, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Indianapolis ("FHLBI") would be permitted to allow outstanding advances to IAS Services LLC that were made prior to the effective date of the final rules to honor contractual terms to maturity. Therefore, under the proposed rules, we do not expect there would be any impact to our existing FHLBI borrowings. The rules are subject to change prior to their final adoption. However, if the FHFA’s rules are adopted substantially as proposed, we do not expect that the rules would have a material effect on our sources or costs of funding or our results of operations. The date set for the end of the comment period was January 23, 2015. The vast majority of the comments were against adoption of the proposed rule. The FHFA has not yet made a formal statement as to their intentions with respect to the proposed rule.
Investment Activities
In the first quarter of 2015, our investment portfolio remained positioned to take advantage of compelling opportunities in both mortgage-backed securities and newly originated loans against a backdrop of improving housing and commercial real estate markets. We have over the last year and over the last quarter maintained a relatively equal allocation of our equity between residential credit, commercial credit and Agency RMBS.

 
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The table below shows the allocation of our equity as of March 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and March 31, 2014:
 
As of
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
March 31, 2014
Agency RMBS
34
%
 
32
%
 
31
%
Residential Credit (1)
32
%
 
34
%
 
41
%
Commercial Credit (2)
34
%
 
34
%
 
28
%
Total
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
(1)
Non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and Residential Loans are considered residential credit.
(2)
CMBS, Commercial Loans and Investments in unconsolidated ventures of $41.2 million (which are included in Other Investments), are considered commercial credit.
The table below shows the breakdown of our investment portfolio as of March 31, 2015, December 31, 2014 and March 31, 2014:
 
As of
$ in thousands
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
March 31, 2014
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
 
 
30 year fixed-rate, at fair value
4,623,456

 
4,790,293

 
6,427,383

15 year fixed-rate, at fair value
1,840,250

 
1,327,101

 
1,564,463

Hybrid ARM, at fair value
2,903,964

 
2,976,918

 
2,076,825

ARM, at fair value
463,342

 
546,782

 
358,691

Agency CMO, at fair value
443,249

 
450,895

 
467,229

Non-Agency RMBS, at fair value
2,947,675

 
3,061,647

 
3,591,920

GSE CRT, at fair value
661,767

 
625,424

 
350,021

CMBS, at fair value
3,456,892

 
3,469,835

 
2,698,658

Residential loans, at amortized cost
3,597,147

 
3,365,003

 
2,070,493

Commercial loans, at amortized cost
146,211

 
145,756

 
92,748

Total MBS and Loans portfolio
21,083,953

 
20,759,654

 
19,698,431

During the first quarter of 2015, we reinvested cash flows from our Agency RMBS portfolio into 15 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS. Over the past twelve months, we have further reduced our overall sensitivity to interest rates by selling Agency RMBS collateralized by 30 year fixed-rate RMBS and reinvesting proceeds into Agency RMBS backed by 15 year fixed-rate and Hybrid ARM collateral. We have continued to hold certain 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS that have relatively short durations because they are collateralized by higher coupons. We expect these securities to prepay relatively slowly based on their seasoning and collateral attributes. Our sales of 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS over the past twelve months were primarily in 3% and 3.5% coupons or relatively newer vintage that have not experienced a high prepayment environment. Therefore, the average coupon of our 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS continued to increase to 4.29% at March 31, 2015, compared to 4.12% at March 31, 2014. In addition, we hold 15 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS, Agency Hybrid ARM RMBS and Agency ARM RMBS that we believe have lower durations and better cash flow certainty relative to current 30 year fixed-rate Agency RMBS. Further, we own Agency collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), some of which are interest-only securities, to hedge the risk of higher interest rates.
Our portfolio of investments that have credit exposure include non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT, CMBS and residential and commercial real estate loans. We use our proprietary models to perform a detailed review of each investment which often includes loan level analysis of expected performance. We do not place any reliance on ratings by various agencies as we believe our models more accurately evaluate the performance based on our assumptions about market conditions and are updated more frequently than agency ratings. As shown in the table above, we have increased our total exposure to credit assets as we believe the improving economy will provide better risk-adjusted returns for this asset class while having lower interest rate exposure relative to Agency RMBS.
With respect to our non-Agency RMBS portfolio, we primarily invest in RMBS collateralized by prime and Alt-A loans. In addition, we have invested in re-securitizations of real estate mortgage investment conduit ("Re-REMIC") RMBS and reperforming mortgage loans that we believe provide attractive risk adjusted returns. We also invest in GSE CRT. Based on our

 
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view of the improving housing market and relative value opportunities, we increased holdings in GSE CRT over the past twelve months as paydowns from principal repayments and limited dispositions have reduced our non-Agency RMBS holdings. GSE CRT have the added benefit of paying a floating rate coupon, which reduces our interest rate risk and our need to hedge interest rate risk.
Our CMBS portfolio generally consists of assets originated before 2007, assets originated after 2010 (“CMBS 2.0”) and multi-family CMBS issued by Freddie Mac under their “K” program. Over the past twelve months we have primarily invested in CMBS 2.0. Since March 31, 2014, we grew our CMBS portfolio $758.2 million and grew the allocation of our CMBS holdings in our MBS portfolio to approximately 19.9% as of March 31, 2015 from approximately 15.4% as of March 31, 2014.
During the first quarter of 2015, we invested in and consolidated one additional residential loan securitization trust collateralized by prime jumbo loans that were generally originated in 2011 or later. We believe these loans have high credit quality based on their risk characteristics, including but not limited to high FICO scores, low historical delinquencies and low loan-to-value ratios based on current home values. We have invested in and consolidated 11 residential loan securitizations that hold $3.6 billion of residential loans as of March 31, 2015. For further details on the residential loan portfolio, refer to Note 3 - "Variable Interest Entities" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
We also originated and purchased investments in commercial real estate loans over the past twelve months. As of March 31, 2015, our commercial real estate loan portfolio includes a first mortgage loan and subordinate interests we purchased or originated. For further details on our commercial loan portfolio, see Note 5 - "Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Portfolio Characteristics
The table below represents the vintage of our MBS credit assets as of March 31, 2015 as a percentage of the fair value: 
 
2003
 
2004
 
2005
 
2006
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2012
 
2013
 
2014
 
2015
 
Total
Re-REMIC (1)
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.3
%
 
—
%
 
0.6
%
 
3.8
%
 
17.6
%
 
7.9
%
 
0.6
%
 
1.6
%
 
—
%
 
32.4
%
Prime
0.5
%
 
1.4
%
 
4.8
%
 
3.7
%
 
9.7
%
 
2.1
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.1
%
 
—
%
 
7.0
%
 
2.2
%
 
—
%
 
31.5
%
Alt-A
—
%
 
0.6
%
 
8.7
%
 
6.0
%
 
7.6
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
22.9
%
Subprime/reperforming
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.4
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
1.8
%
 
10.9
%
 
—
%
 
13.2
%
Total Non-Agency
0.5
%
 
2.0
%
 
13.5
%
 
9.8
%
 
18.0
%
 
2.1
%
 
0.6
%
 
3.8
%
 
17.7
%
 
7.9
%
 
9.4
%
 
14.7
%
 
—
%
 
100.0
%
GSE CRT
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
39.3
%
 
56.4
%
 
4.3
%
 
100.0
%
CMBS
—
%
 
—
%
 
8.8
%
 
9.8
%
 
0.6
%
 
—
%
 
—
%
 
7.5
%
 
21.6
%
 
11.8
%
 
13.3
%
 
26.6
%
 
—
%
 
100.0
%
(1)
For Re-REMICs, the table reflects the year in which the resecuritizations were issued. The vintage distribution of the securities that collateralize the Company’s Re-REMIC investments is 10.9% for 2005, 33.6% for 2006, 55.0% for 2007, 0.2% for 2009 and 0.3% for 2010.

The tables below represent the geographic concentration of the underlying collateral for our MBS credit assets as of March 31, 2015: 
Non-Agency RMBS
State
 
Percentage
 
GSE CRT
State
 
Percentage
 
CMBS
State
 
Percentage
California
 
42.6
%
 
California
 
22.7
%
 
California
 
16.1
%
Florida
 
6.9
%
 
Texas
 
5.5
%
 
New York
 
13.0
%
New York
 
6.8
%
 
Virginia
 
4.5
%
 
Texas
 
9.1
%
Virginia
 
3.8
%
 
Illinois
 
4.0
%
 
Florida
 
5.9
%
New Jersey
 
3.6
%
 
New York
 
3.9
%
 
Illinois
 
4.8
%
Maryland
 
3.6
%
 
Massachusetts
 
3.7
%
 
Pennsylvania
 
4.1
%
Washington
 
2.8
%
 
Florida
 
3.4
%
 
New Jersey
 
3.2
%
Illinois
 
2.7
%
 
Colorado
 
3.3
%
 
Virginia
 
2.8
%
Massachusetts
 
2.1
%
 
Washington
 
3.3
%
 
Ohio
 
2.7
%
Arizona
 
2.1
%
 
New Jersey
 
3.2
%
 
Maryland
 
2.6
%
Other
 
23.0
%
 
Other
 
42.5
%
 
Other
 
35.7
%
Total
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
100.0
%
 
Total
 
100.0
%


 
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The following table displays certain characteristics of our residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015 by year of origination.
$ in thousands
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
 
Total
Portfolio Characteristics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Loans
760

 
2,788

 
765

 
99

 
30

 
6

 
17

 
16

 
4,481

Current Principal Balance
573,464

 
2,160,438

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,566,418

Net Weighted Average Coupon Rate
3.49
%
 
3.47
%
 
3.25
%
 
3.38
%
 
3.70
%
 
3.69
%
 
4.96
%
 
4.73
%
 
3.44
%
Weighted Average Maturity (years)
29.13

 
28.23

 
27.70

 
26.18

 
25.63

 
24.18

 
23.34

 
22.26

 
28.15

Current Performance:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Current
571,545

 
2,158,820

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,562,881

30 Days Delinquent
1,285

 
1,618

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,903

60 Days Delinquent
634

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
634

90+ Days Delinquent
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Bankruptcy/Foreclosure
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Total
573,464

 
2,160,438

 
665,613

 
103,886

 
30,021

 
2,754

 
16,515

 
13,727

 
3,566,418

The following table presents the geographic concentrations of our residential loans held-for-investment at March 31, 2015 based on principal balance outstanding:
State
Percent
California
53.5
%
New York
7.6
%
 Massachusetts
5.8
%
 Illinois
3.7
%
Other states (none greater than 3%)
29.4
%
Total
100.0
%
Financing and Other Liabilities
We enter into repurchase agreements to finance the majority of our target assets. These agreements are secured by our Agency RMBS, non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS. In addition, these agreements are generally settled on a short-term basis, usually from one to twelve months, and bear interest at rates that have historically moved in close relationship to the London Interbank Offer Rate (“LIBOR”). At each settlement date, we refinance each repurchase agreement at the market interest rate at that time. As of March 31, 2015, we had entered into repurchase agreements totaling $13.3 billion (December 31, 2014: $13.6 billion). The decrease in our repurchase agreement balance was due to replacing some of our repurchase borrowings with secured loans, as discussed below.
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, is a member of the FHLBI. As a member of the FHLBI, IAS Services LLC has borrowed funds from the FHLBI in the form of secured advances. As of March 31, 2015, IAS Services LLC had $1.55 billion in outstanding long-term secured advances and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. Available uncommitted credit may be adjusted at the sole discretion of the FHLBI. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, IAS Services LLC had average borrowings of $1.5 billion with a weighted average borrowing rate of 0.39%.
We have also committed to invest up to $121.5 million in unconsolidated ventures that are sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. As of March 31, 2015, $93.7 million of our commitment to these unconsolidated ventures has been called. We are committed to fund $27.8 million in additional capital to fund future investments and cover future expenses should they occur.
We record a liability for mortgage-backed securities purchased and derivative instruments terminated, for which settlement has not taken place, as an investment related payable. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had investment related payables of $30.4 million, and $17.0 million, respectively, of which no items were outstanding greater than thirty days. The change in balance was primarily due to the termination of interest rate swaps, of which $19.1 million has not settled as of March 31, 2015. We record a receivable for mortgage-backed securities sold for which settlement has not taken place as an investment related receivable. As of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had investment related receivables of $27.7 million and $38.7 million, respectively, of which no items were outstanding greater than thirty days. The change in balance was due to a decrease in unsettled sold MBS as of March 31, 2015.

 
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Hedging Instruments. We generally hedge as much of our interest rate and foreign exchange risk as we deem prudent in light of market conditions. No assurance can be given that our hedging activities will have the desired beneficial impact on our results of operations or financial condition. Our investment policies do not contain specific requirements as to the percentages or amount of risk that we are required to hedge.
Hedging may fail to protect or could adversely affect us because, among other things:
•
available interest rate hedging may not correspond directly with the interest rate risk for which protection is sought;
•
the duration of the hedge may not match the duration of the related liability;
•
the party owing money in the hedging transaction may default on its obligation to pay;
•
the credit quality of the party owing money on the hedge may be downgraded to such an extent that it impairs our ability to sell or assign our side of the hedging transaction; and
•
the value of derivatives used for hedging may be adjusted from time-to-time in accordance with accounting rules to reflect changes in fair value. Downward adjustments or mark-to-market losses would reduce our stockholders’ equity.
As of March 31, 2015, we have entered into interest rate swap agreements designed to mitigate the effects of increases in interest rates under a portion of our borrowings. These swap agreements provide for fixed interest rates indexed off of one-month LIBOR and effectively fix the floating interest rates on $10.4 billion (March 31, 2014: $12.8 billion) of borrowings. The notional amount of interest rate swaps were reduced in line with the reduced interest rate risk in our portfolio after the reallocation away from longer duration 30 year MBS into shorter duration Agency 15 year and Hybrid ARM MBS. As of March 31, 2015, included in this amount are forward starting swaps with a total notional amount of $600.0 million, with a starting date of February 5, 2016. The change in the amount of interest rate swaps was due to our view of interest rate risk and the expected duration of our investment portfolio and liabilities.
As of March 31, 2015, we held $550.0 million (March 31, 2014: $900.0 million) in fixed pay interest rate swaptions as an asset with a fair value of $3,000 (March 31, 2014: $3.1 million) and $300.0 million (March 31, 2014: $0) in fixed receive interest rate swaptions as an asset with a fair value of $795,000 (March 31, 2014: $0). During the three months ended March 31, 2015, interest rate swaptions expired unexercised with a notional amount of approximately $500.0 million (March 31, 2014: $750.0 million) and realized loss of $4.7 million (March 31, 2014: $15.1 million). We purchase interest rate swaptions to reduce the impact that interest rate volatility has on our portfolio. The change in the notional amount of swaptions held was due to our views on the potential for change in volatility.
As of March 31, 2015, we have no outstanding futures contracts. As of March 31, 2014, we held $100.0 million in notional amount of short U.S. Treasury futures contracts as a liability with a fair value of $93,800. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we sold U.S. Treasury futures contracts of $248.3 million (March 31, 2014: $100.0 million) in notional amount and realized a net loss of $943,000 (March 31, 2014: $3.7 million). We periodically invest in U.S. Treasury futures contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio.
As of March 31, 2015, we have no outstanding to-be-announced securities ("TBAs"). As of March 31, 2014, we held $250.0 million in notional amount of TBAs as an asset with a fair value of $1.3 million and $150.0 million in notional amount as a liability with a fair value of $586,000. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we settled TBAs of $446.0 million in notional amount and realized a net loss of $2.3 million (March 31, 2014: $0). TBAs are contracts for which we agree to purchase or deliver in the future Agency RMBS with certain principal and interest terms. We periodically purchase or sell certain TBAs to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in interest rates on the performance of our portfolio.
As of March 31, 2015, we held $34.3 million (March 31, 2014: $0) in notional amount of currency forward contracts as an asset with a fair value of $1.4 million (2014: $0). During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we settled currency forward contracts of $32.1 million (March 31, 2014: $0) in notional amount and realized a net gain of $875,000 (March 31, 2014: $0). We use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.
Book Value per Share
Our book value per diluted common share was $19.37 and $18.82 as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. Book value per diluted common share is calculated as total equity less the liquidation preference of our Series A Preferred Stock ($140.0 million) and Series B Preferred Stock ($155.0 million); divided by total common shares outstanding plus Operating Partnership Units convertible into shares of common stock (1,425,000 shares).
The change in our book value in first quarter of 2015 was primarily due to the change in valuation of our investment portfolio that is recorded in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Note 4 – “Mortgage-Backed Securities” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the impact of changes in accumulated other comprehensive income on our investment portfolio. The values of our assets and liabilities change daily

 
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based on market conditions. Refer to Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” for interest rate risk and its impact on fair value.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. Accounting estimates and assumptions discussed in this section are those that we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial statements because they involve significant judgments and uncertainties. All of these estimates reflect our best judgment about current, and for some estimates, future economic and market conditions and their effects based on information available as of the date of these financial statements. If conditions change from those expected, it is possible that the judgments and estimates described below could change, which may result in a change in valuation of our investment portfolio, future impairments of our MBS, change in our interest income recognition, allowance for loan losses, and an increase in our tax liability among other effects.
Mortgage-Backed Securities. We record our MBS as available-for-sale and report them at fair value based on prices received from third-party sources. The valuation service uses various observable inputs which may change with market conditions. It is possible that changes in these inputs could change the valuation estimate and lead to impairment of our MBS portfolio. Further information is provided in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and Note 4 - “Mortgage-Backed Securities" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Other-than-temporary Impairment. We regularly review our available-for-sale portfolio for other-than-temporary impairment. This determination involves both qualitative and quantitative data. It is possible that estimates may be incorrect, economic conditions may change or we may be forced to sell the investment before recovery of our amortized cost. Further information is provided in Note 2 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 and Note 4 - “Mortgage-Backed Securities" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Residential and Commercial Loans. Residential loans held-for-investment are carried at unpaid principal balance net of any allowance for loan losses. Commercial loans held-for-investment are carried at cost net of any allowance for loan losses. An allowance for loan losses is established based on credit losses inherent in the portfolio. These estimates require consideration of various observable inputs including, but not limited to, historical loss experience, delinquency status, borrower credit scores, geographic concentrations and loan-to-value ratios, and are adjusted for current economic conditions as deemed necessary by management. In addition, since we have not incurred any direct losses on our portfolio, we use national historical credit performance information from a third party vendor to assist in our analysis. Changes in our estimates can significantly impact the allowance for loan losses and provision expense. It is also possible that we will experience credit losses that are different from our current estimates or that the timing of those losses may differ from our estimates. Further information on the allowance for loan losses is provided in Note 2 - “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.
Interest Income Recognition. Interest income on available-for-sale securities, which includes accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums, is recognized over the life of the investment using the effective interest method. Management estimates, at the time of purchase, the future expected cash flows and determines the effective interest rate based on these estimated cash flows and our purchase price. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. In estimating these cash flows, there are a number of assumptions that are subject to uncertainties and contingencies, including the rate and timing of principal payments (prepayments, repurchases, defaults and liquidations), the pass through or coupon rate and interest rate fluctuations. In addition, management must use its judgment to estimate interest payment shortfalls due to delinquencies on the underlying mortgage loans. These uncertainties and contingencies are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may impact management’s estimates and interest income. Interest income from our residential loans is recognized on an accrual basis with the related premiums being amortized into interest income using the effective interest method over the weighted average life of these loans. As needed, these estimated cash flows are updated and a revised yield is computed based on the current amortized cost of the investment. Interest income from our commercial loans is recognized when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes past due based on the terms of the loan agreement.
Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments. We use derivatives to manage interest rate and currency exchange risk. The Company records all derivatives on its condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Effective December 31, 2013, the Company voluntarily discontinued hedge accounting for its interest rate swap agreements by de-designating the interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges. As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in the Company's condensed consolidated statement of operations,

 
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rather than in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Further information is provided in Note 8 - “Derivatives and Hedging Activities" of our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT. Accordingly, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal and applicable state and local corporate income tax to the extent that we make qualifying distributions and provided we satisfy on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, the REIT requirements including certain asset, income, distribution and stock ownership tests. The REIT qualifications rules are complex and failure to apply them correctly could subject us to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes.
Expected Impact of New Authoritative Guidance on Future Financial Information
In February 2015, the FASB issued modifications to existing consolidation guidance for reporting organizations that are required to evaluate whether they should consolidate certain legal entities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those years beginning after December 15, 2015, and requires either a retrospective or a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as the available transition methods.
In April 2015, the FASB issued guidance to amend the presentation of debt issuance cost related to a recognized debt liability. Under the new guidance, the debt issuance costs will be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the recognized debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected under the new guidance. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The guidance should be applied on a retrospective basis. The balance sheet of each individual period presented should be adjusted to reflect the period-specific effects of applying the new guidance. Upon adoption, an entity is required to comply with the applicable disclosures for a change in an accounting principle. These disclosures include the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle, the transition method, a description of the prior-period information that has been retrospectively adjusted, and the effect of the change on the financial statement line items (i.e., debt issuance cost asset and the debt liability). We are currently evaluating the potential impact of the new guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements.


 
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Results of Operations
The table below presents certain information from our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three month periods ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
$ in thousands, except share data
2015
 
2014
Interest Income
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
141,018

 
151,739

Residential loans (1)
29,374

 
17,704

Commercial loans
3,115

 
1,619

Total interest income
173,507

 
171,062

Interest Expense
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
43,310

 
49,071

Secured loans
1,464

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
5,607

 
5,607

Asset-backed securities (1)
21,898

 
13,935

Total interest expense
72,279

 
68,613

Net interest income
101,228

 
102,449

(Reduction in) provision for loan losses
(62
)
 
207

Net interest income after (reduction in) provision for loan losses
101,290

 
102,242

Other Income (loss)
 
 
 
Gain (loss) on sale of investments, net
2,142

 
(11,718
)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures
6,006

 
441

Gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net
(122,745
)
 
(151,312
)
Realized and unrealized credit default swap income
203

 
329

Other investment income (loss), net
(894
)
 
—

Total other income (loss)
(115,288
)
 
(162,260
)
Expenses
 
 
 
Management fee – related party
9,415

 
9,335

General and administrative
1,727

 
2,012

Consolidated securitization trusts (1)
2,156

 
1,184

Total expenses
13,298

 
12,531

Net loss
(27,296
)
 
(72,549
)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest
(312
)
 
(822
)
Net loss attributable to Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
(26,984
)
 
(71,727
)
Dividends to preferred stockholders
5,716

 
2,713

Net loss attributable to common stockholders
(32,700
)
 
(74,440
)
Loss per share:
 
 
 
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (basic)
(0.27
)
 
(0.60
)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders (diluted)
(0.27
)
 
(0.60
)
Dividends declared per common share
0.45

 
0.50

Weighted average number of shares of common stock:
 
 
 
Basic
123,118,201

 
123,124,870

Diluted
124,543,201

 
124,549,870


(1)
The condensed consolidated statements of operations include income and expenses of consolidated variable interest entities. Refer to Note 3 - “Variable Interest Entities” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion.
Net Loss Summary
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our net loss attributable to common stockholders was $32.7 million (March 31, 2014: $74.4 million) or $0.27 (March 31, 2014: $0.60) basic and diluted net loss per average share available to common stockholders. The change in net loss attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2015

 
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versus 2014 is primarily attributable to lower realized and unrealized losses on derivative instruments in the 2015 period versus 2014 period.
As a result of discontinuing hedge accounting, beginning January 1, 2014, changes in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements are recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, rather than in AOCI. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized unrealized losses for the change in fair value of our interest rates swaps of $56.0 million (March 31, 2014: $90.2 million). In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense, previously recognized in other comprehensive income of $19.1 million (March 31, 2014: $21.3 million). Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps is recorded as interest expense in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We are presenting the following non-GAAP financial measures: core earnings (and by calculation, core earnings per share), effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds), effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin) and repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio. Our management uses these non-GAAP financial measures in our internal analysis of results and believes these measures are useful to investors for the reasons explained below. The most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures are net income attributable to common stockholders (and by calculation, basic earnings (loss) per common share), total interest expense (and by calculation, cost of funds), net interest income (and by calculation, net interest rate margin) and total debt-to-equity ratio. 
These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered as substitutes for any measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. An analysis of any non-GAAP financial measure should be made in conjunction with results presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Core Earnings
We calculate core earnings as U.S. GAAP net income attributable to common stockholders adjusted for gain (loss) on sale of investments, net; realized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net (excluding contractual net interest on interest rate swaps); unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net; gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions, net; reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense; and an adjustment attributable to non-controlling interest. We record changes in the valuation of our mortgage-backed securities in other comprehensive income on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We believe the presentation of core earnings provides a consistent measure of operating performance by excluding the impact of gains and losses described above from operating results.
We believe that providing transparency into core earnings enables our investors to consistently measure, evaluate and compare our operating performance to that of our peers over multiple reporting periods. However, we caution that core earnings should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), or as an indication of our cash flow from operating activities (determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP), a measure of our liquidity, or as an indication of amounts available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.



 
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The table below provides a reconciliation of U.S. GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders to core earnings for the following periods:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
$ in thousands, except per share data
2015
 
2014
Net loss attributable to common stockholders
(32,700
)
 
(74,440
)
Adjustments
 
 
 
(Gain) loss on sale of investments, net
(2,142
)
 
11,718

Realized loss (gain) on derivative instruments, net (excluding contractual net interest on interest rate swaps of $45,608 and $51,441, respectively)
26,103

 
18,824

Unrealized (gain) loss on derivative instruments, net
51,034

 
81,047

Loss on foreign currency transactions, net
1,525

 
—

Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense
19,145

 
21,296

Subtotal
95,665

 
132,885

Adjustment attributable to non-controlling interest
(1,095
)
 
(1,511
)
Core earnings
61,870

 
56,934

Basic loss per common share
(0.27
)
 
(0.60
)
Core earnings per share attributable to common stockholders
0.50

 
0.46


Effective Interest Expense / Effective Cost of Funds / Effective Net Interest Income / Effective Interest Rate Margin
We calculate effective interest expense (and by calculation, effective cost of funds) as U.S. GAAP total interest expense adjusted for net interest paid on our interest rate swaps that is recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and the reclassification of amortization of net deferred swap losses on de-designated interest rate swaps that is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining lives of the swaps. We calculate effective net interest income (and by calculation, effective interest rate margin) as U.S. GAAP net interest income adjusted for net interest paid on our interest rate swaps that is recorded in gain (loss) on derivative instruments and the reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps that is being amortized into repurchase agreements interest expense over the remaining lives of the swaps.
We view our interest rate swaps as an economic hedge against increases in future market interest rates on our floating rate borrowings. We add back the net payments we make on our interest rate swap agreements to our total U.S. GAAP interest expense because we use interest rate swaps to add stability to interest expense. We subtract amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps because we do not consider the amortization a current component of our borrowing costs.
We believe the presentation of effective interest expense, effective costs of funds, effective net interest income and effective interest rate margin measures, when considered together with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provide information that is useful to investors in understanding our borrowing costs, and operating performance.




 
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The following tables reconcile total interest expense to effective interest expense and cost of funds to effective cost of funds for the following periods.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
$ in thousands
Reconciliation
 
Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
 
Reconciliation
 
Cost of Funds / Effective Cost of Funds
Total interest expense
72,279

 
1.60
 %
 
68,613

 
1.60
 %
Less: Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense
(19,145
)
 
(0.42
)%
 
(21,296
)
 
(0.49
)%
Add: Net interest paid - interest rate swaps
45,608

 
1.01
 %
 
51,441

 
1.20
 %
Effective interest expense
98,742

 
2.19
 %
 
98,758

 
2.31
 %

The following tables reconcile net interest income to effective net interest income and net interest rate margin to effective interest rate margin for the following periods.
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2015
 
2014
$ in thousands
Reconciliation
 
Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
 
Reconciliation
 
Net Interest Rate Margin / Effective Interest Rate Margin
Net interest income
101,228

 
1.80
 %
 
102,449

 
1.92
 %
Add: Reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense
19,145

 
0.42
 %
 
21,296

 
0.49
 %
Less: Net interest paid - interest rate swaps
(45,608
)
 
(1.01
)%
 
(51,441
)
 
(1.20
)%
Effective net interest income
74,765

 
1.21
 %
 
72,304

 
1.21
 %
Repurchase Agreement Debt-to-Equity Ratio
The tables below show the allocation of our equity to our target assets, our total debt-to-equity ratio, and our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio as of March 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014. The mortgage REIT industry primarily uses repurchase agreements, which typically mature within one year, to finance investments. Improving our balance sheet by diversifying our liabilities away from repurchase agreements has been a focus of management over the past two years. Since we began using other longer-term means of financing our investments, such as our exchangeable senior notes, secured loans, and asset-backed securities issued by consolidated residential loan securitization trusts, we have reduced our reliance on repurchase agreements. Our weighted average remaining maturity on borrowings has increased from 60 days as of December 31, 2013 to 359 days as of March 31, 2015. We believe presenting our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio, a non-GAAP financial measure of leverage, when considered together with U.S. GAAP financial measures, provides information that is useful to investors in understanding the Company's refinancing risks and gives investors a comparable statistic to those other mortgage REITs who almost exclusively borrow using short-term repurchase agreements that are subject to refinancing risk.

 
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March 31, 2015
$ in thousands
Agency RMBS
Non-Agency RMBS (6)
GSE CRT(6)
CMBS (7)
Comm-
ercial Loans (7)
Consol-
idated
VIEs (4)(6)
Other (7)
Elimin-
ations (5)
Total
Investments
10,274,261

3,407,153

661,767

3,456,892

146,211

3,597,147

41,243

(459,479
)
21,125,195

Cash and cash
equivalents (1)
65,714

36,666

9,606

45,039

—

—

—

—

157,025

Derivative assets, at fair value (2)
4,997

334

—

—

1,375

—

—

—

6,706

Other assets
157,301

11,255

592

67,705

1,014

15,897

7,281

(1,897
)
259,148

Total assets
10,502,273

3,455,408

671,965

3,569,636

148,600

3,613,044

48,524

(461,376
)
21,548,074

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
8,778,225

2,613,114

486,990

1,454,752

—

—

—

—

13,333,081

Secured loans (3)
320,947

—

—

1,229,053

—

—

—

—

1,550,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
—

—

—

—

—

3,593,006

—

(459,479
)
3,133,527

Exchangeable senior notes
—

—

—

—

—

—

400,000

—

400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
290,852

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

290,852

Other liabilities
66,858

20,239

5,041

30,919

—

10,951

889

(1,897
)
133,000

Total liabilities
9,456,882

2,633,353

492,031

2,714,724

—

3,603,957

400,889

(461,376
)
18,840,460

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocated equity
1,045,391

822,055

179,934

854,912

148,600

9,087

(352,365
)
—

2,707,614

Less equity associated with secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral pledged
(392,137
)
—

—

(1,501,668
)
—

—

—

—

(1,893,805
)
Secured loans
320,947

—

—

1,229,053

—

—

—

—

1,550,000

Net equity (excluding secured loans)
974,201

822,055

179,934

582,297

NA

NA

NA

—

2,558,487

Total debt-to-equity ratio (8)
8.7

3.2

2.7

3.1

—

 NA

 NA

 NA

6.8

Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio (9)
9.0

3.2

2.7

2.5

 NA

 NA

 NA

 NA

5.2

(1)
Cash and cash equivalents is allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency RMBS, Non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS.
(2)
Derivative assets are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each asset class.
(3)
Secured loans are allocated based on amount of collateral pledged.
(4)
Represents VIE assets and liabilities before intercompany eliminations. VIEs are securitized entities with no substantive equity at risk.
(5)
Represents our ownership of asset-backed securities and accrued interest eliminated upon consolidation.
(6)
Non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and Consolidated VIEs are considered residential credit.
(7)
CMBS, Commercial Loans and Investments in unconsolidated ventures of $41.2 million (which are included in Other), are considered commercial credit.
(8)
Debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of total debt (sum of repurchase agreements, secured loans, asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts and exchangeable senior notes) to allocated equity.
(9)
Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of repurchase agreements to net equity (excluding secured loans).


 
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December 31, 2014
$ in thousands
Agency RMBS
Non-Agency RMBS (6)
GSE CRT(6)
CMBS (7)
Comm-
ercial Loans (7)
Consol-
idated
VIEs (4)(6)
Other (7)
Elimin-
ations (5)
Total
Investments
10,091,989

3,494,181

625,424

3,469,835

145,756

3,365,003

43,998

(432,534
)
20,803,652

Cash and cash
equivalents (1)
64,603

41,578

10,154

47,809

—

—

—

—

164,144

Derivative assets, at fair value (2)
23,183

396

—

—

599

—

—

—

24,178

Other assets
111,817

13,742

15,639

75,209

1,030

15,591

7,888

(1,873
)
239,043

Total assets
10,291,592

3,549,897

651,217

3,592,853

147,385

3,380,594

51,886

(434,407
)
21,231,017

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
9,018,818

2,676,626

468,782

1,458,451

—

—

—

—

13,622,677

Secured loans (3)
—

—

—

1,250,000

—

—

—

—

1,250,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
—

—

—

—

—

3,362,354

—

(432,534
)
2,929,820

Exchangeable senior notes
—

—

—

—

—

—

400,000

—

400,000

Derivative liabilities, at fair value
254,026

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

254,026

Other liabilities
56,894

21,351

5,233

37,589

—

10,563

5,887

(1,873
)
135,644

Total liabilities
9,329,738

2,697,977

474,015

2,746,040

—

3,372,917

405,887

(434,407
)
18,592,167

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allocated equity
961,854

851,920

177,202

846,813

147,385

7,677

(354,001
)
—

2,638,850

Less equity associated with secured loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateral pledged
—

—

—

(1,550,270
)
—

—

—

—

(1,550,270
)
Secured loans
—

—

—

1,250,000

—

—

—

—

1,250,000

Net equity (excluding secured loans)
961,854

851,920

177,202

546,543

NA

NA

NA

—

2,537,519

Total debt-to-equity ratio (8)
9.4

3.1

2.6

3.2

—

NA

NA

NA

6.9

Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio (9)
9.4

3.1

2.6

2.7

NA

NA

NA

NA

5.4

(1)
Cash and cash equivalents is allocated based on a percentage of equity for Agency RMBS, Non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and CMBS.
(2)
Derivative assets are allocated based on the hedging strategy for each asset class.
(3)
Secured loans are allocated based on amount of collateral pledged.
(4)
Represents VIE assets and liabilities before intercompany eliminations. VIEs are securitized entities with no substantive equity at risk.
(5)
Represents our ownership of asset-backed securities and accrued interest eliminated upon consolidation.
(6)
Non-Agency RMBS, GSE CRT and Consolidated VIEs are considered residential credit.
(7)
CMBS, Commercial Loans and Investments in unconsolidated ventures of $44.0 million (which are included in Other), are considered commercial credit.
(8)
Debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of total debt (sum of repurchase agreements, secured loans, asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts and exchangeable senior notes) to allocated equity.
(9)
Repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio is calculated as the ratio of repurchase agreements to net equity (excluding secured loans).

 
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Interest Income and Average Earning Asset Yield
The table below presents certain information for our portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014. 
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
$ in thousands
2015
 
2014
Average Balances*:
 
 
 
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost
1,748,996

 
1,597,879

30 year fixed-rate, at amortized cost
4,580,728

 
6,727,509

ARM, at amortized cost
460,624

 
287,160

Hybrid ARM, at amortized cost
2,866,657

 
1,862,871

MBS-CMO, at amortized cost
446,241

 
475,842

Non-Agency RMBS, at amortized cost
2,892,894

 
3,524,751

GSE CRT, at amortized cost
650,203

 
314,619

CMBS, at amortized cost
3,271,611

 
2,565,513

Residential loans, at amortized cost
3,363,323

 
1,986,973

Commercial loans, at amortized cost
146,107

 
73,216

Average MBS and Loans portfolio
20,427,384

 
19,416,333

Average Portfolio Yields (1):
 
 
 
Agency RMBS:
 
 
 
15 year fixed-rate
2.21
%
 
2.81
%
30 year fixed-rate
2.99
%
 
3.15
%
ARM
2.69
%
 
2.37
%
Hybrid ARM
2.28
%
 
2.35
%
MBS - CMO
3.71
%
 
4.14
%
Non-Agency RMBS
4.35
%
 
4.21
%
GSE CRT
4.04
%
 
4.81
%
CMBS
4.34
%
 
4.51
%
Residential loans
3.50
%
 
3.52
%
Commercial loans
8.53
%
 
8.85
%
Average MBS and Loans portfolio
3.40
%
 
3.52
%
*
 Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.
(1)
Average portfolio yield for the period was calculated by dividing interest income, including amortization of premiums and discounts, by our average of the amortized cost of the investments. All yields are annualized.
Our primary source of income is interest earned on our investment portfolio. We had average earning assets of approximately $20.4 billion (March 31, 2014: $19.4 billion) and earned interest income of $173.5 million (March 31, 2014: $171.1 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The yield on our average investment portfolio was 3.40% (March 31, 2014: 3.52%).
Average assets increased during three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to the addition of five consolidated residential loan securitizations during the last twelve months. We consolidated eleven residential loan securitizations as of March 31, 2015 compared to six consolidated residential loan securitizations as of March 31, 2014. The yield on our average investment portfolio declined from 3.52% as of March 31, 2014 to 3.40% as of March 31, 2015 primarily due to a change in portfolio composition and lower available reinvestment yields. We continue to evaluate our investment portfolio and make adjustments based on our views of the market opportunities. As of March 31, 2015, approximately 34% of our equity is allocated to investments in commercial credit; 32% is allocated to residential credit and 34% is allocated to Agency RMBS.
Our interest income is subject to interest rate risk. Refer to Item 3. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for more information relating to interest rate risk and its impact on our operating results.

 
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The constant prepayment rate ("CPR") of our portfolio impacts the amount of premium and discount on the purchase of securities that is recognized into income. The table below shows the three month CPR for our RMBS compared to bonds with similar characteristics (“Cohorts”).
 
March 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
Company
 
Cohorts
 
Company
 
Cohorts
15 year Agency RMBS
9.4

 
12.7

 
11.9

 
15.0

30 year Agency RMBS
11.1

 
13.2

 
11.8

 
13.5

Agency Hybrid ARM RMBS
14.2

 
NA

 
14.3

 
NA

Non-Agency RMBS
10.3

 
NA

 
10.7

 
NA

GSE CRT
9.5

 
NA

 
7.7

 
NA

Weighted average CPR
11.4

 
NA

 
12.0

 
NA

Interest Expense and the Cost of Funds
The table below presents certain information related to our financing for the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014:
 
Three Months Ended 
 March 31,
$ in thousands
2015
 
2014
Average Borrowings*:
 
 
 
Agency RMBS (1)
9,031,510

 
9,690,761

Non-Agency RMBS
2,634,705

 
3,001,688

GSE CRT
454,510

 
214,866

CMBS (1)
2,665,165

 
2,030,534

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
400,000

Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
2,924,615

 
1,765,161

Total borrowed funds
18,110,505

 
17,103,010

Maximum borrowings during the period (2)
18,416,608

 
17,144,362

Average Cost of Funds (3):
 
 
 
Agency RMBS (1)
0.34
%
 
0.36
%
Non-Agency RMBS
1.51
%
 
1.51
%
GSE CRT
1.69
%
 
1.42
%
CMBS (1)
0.90
%
 
1.38
%
Exchangeable senior notes
5.61
%
 
5.61
%
Asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts
2.99
%
 
3.16
%
Unhedged cost of funds (4)
1.18
%
 
1.11
%
Hedged / Effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure)
2.19
%
 
2.31
%
*
 Average amounts for each period are based on weighted month-end balances.
(1)
Agency RMBS and CMBS average borrowing and cost of funds include borrowings under repurchase agreements and secured loans.
(2)
Amount represents the maximum borrowings at month-end during each of the respective periods.
(3)
Average cost of funds is calculated by dividing annualized interest expense by our average borrowings.
(4)
Excludes reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense.
Our largest expense is the interest expense on borrowed funds. For 2015, we had average borrowed funds of $18.1 billion (March 31, 2014: $17.1 billion) and total interest expense of $72.3 million (March 31, 2014: $68.6 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The increase in average borrowed funds and interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 2014 was primarily the result of higher asset-backed security balances associated with new investments in consolidated residential loan securitizations. The Company consolidated eleven residential loan securitizations as of March 31, 2015 (six consolidated residential loan securitizations as of March 31, 2014).
We compute our effective interest expense (non-GAAP measure) and effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) by including the net interest paid related to our interest rate swaps and excluding the reclassification of amortization of net

 
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deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense from our interest expense. Effective interest expense (non-GAAP measure) was $98.7 million (March 31, 2014: $98.8 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our cost of funds was 1.60% (March 31, 2014: 1.60%). For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) was 2.19% (March 31, 2014: 2.31%). Our effective cost of funds declined in the three months ended March 31, 2015 versus the three months ended March 31, 2014 primarily due to lower net interest paid on interest rate swaps.
Net Interest Income
Our net interest income, which equals interest income less interest expense, totaled $101.2 million (March 31, 2014: $102.4 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our net interest rate margin, which equals the yield on our average assets for the period less the average cost of funds for the period, was 1.80% (March 31, 2014: 1.92%) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. The decrease in net interest income and net interest margin was primarily the result of a lower average portfolio yield and higher average borrowed funds for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 2014.
We compute our effective net interest income (non-GAAP measure) and effective interest rate margin (non-GAAP measure) by adding amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps and subtracting net interest paid on our interest rate swaps to our net interest income. Our effective net interest income (non-GAAP measure) totaled $74.8 million (March 31, 2014: $72.3 million) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our effective interest rate margin (non-GAAP measure) was 1.21% (March 31, 2014: 1.21%) for the three months ended March 31, 2015.
Refer to the table in the “Interest Income and Average Earning Asset Yield” section above for changes in average portfolio balance and yields.
Provision for Loan Losses
We evaluate our residential and commercial loans, held-for-investment to determine if it is probable that all amounts due under the terms of the loan agreements will be collected. Based upon this analysis, we recorded a decrease in the provision for loan losses of $62,000 (March 31, 2014: $207,000 increase) for the three months ended March 31, 2015. Our provision for loan losses is solely for residential loans held-for-investment by consolidated securitization trusts. The Company has evaluated the collectability of its commercial loans held-for-investment and determined that no provision for loan losses is required as of March 31, 2015.
Gain (loss) on Sale of Investments, net
As part of our investment process, our MBS are continuously reviewed to determine if they continue to meet our risk and return targets. This process involves looking at changing market assumptions and the impact those assumptions will have on the individual securities. Securities that do not meet our risk and return targets are sold. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we sold MBS and recognized a net gain of $2.1 million (March 31, 2014: $11.7 million net loss).
Loss on Other-Than-Temporary Impaired Securities
For the three months ended March 31, 2015 and 2014, we did not recognize any losses on other-than-temporarily impaired securities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 4 – “Mortgage-Backed Securities” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for the assessment of other-than-temporary impairment on our investment securities.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Ventures
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recorded equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures of $6.0 million (March 31, 2014: $441,000). Equity in earnings of unconsolidated ventures increased for the three months ended March 31, 2015 compared to 2014 primarily due to unrealized appreciation of underlying portfolio investments in the 2015 period.
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, net
Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements on our floating rate repurchase agreements and secured loans. To accomplish these objectives, we primarily use interest rate derivative instruments, including interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, U.S. Treasury futures contracts and TBAs as part of our interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of

 
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the underlying notional amount. An interest rate swaption provides us the option to enter into an interest rate swap agreement for a predetermined notional amount, stated term and pay and receive interest rates in the future. The premium paid for interest rate swaptions is reported as an asset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The premium is valued at an amount equal to the fair value of the swaption that would have the effect of closing the position adjusted for nonperformance risk, if any. TBAs are reported on the balance sheet as an asset or liability at its fair value.
We also use currency forward contracts to help mitigate the potential impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our investments denominated in foreign currencies.
The tables below summarize our realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net for the following periods:
$ in thousands
Three months ended March 31, 2015
Derivative
not designated as
hedging instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or exercise, net
 
 Contractual interest expense
 
Unrealized gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps
(19,055
)
 
(45,608
)
 
(55,957
)
 
(120,620
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(4,688
)
 
—

 
3,679

 
(1,009
)
TBAs
(2,292
)
 
—

 
558

 
(1,734
)
Futures Contracts
(943
)
 
—

 
(90
)
 
(1,033
)
Currency Forward Contracts
875

 
—

 
776

 
1,651

Total
(26,103
)
 
(45,608
)
 
(51,034
)
 
(122,745
)
$ in thousands
Three months ended March 31, 2014
Derivative Instrument
Realized gain (loss) on settlement, termination, expiration or exercise, net
 
 Contractual interest expense
 
Unrealized gain (loss), net
 
Gain (loss) on derivatives, net
Interest Rate Swaps
—

 
(51,441
)
 
(90,192
)
 
(141,633
)
Interest Rate Swaptions
(15,075
)
 
—

 
11,127

 
(3,948
)
TBAs
—

 
—

 
703

 
703

Futures Contracts
(3,749
)
 
—

 
(2,685
)
 
(6,434
)
Total
(18,824
)
 
(51,441
)
 
(81,047
)
 
(151,312
)
Other Investment Income (Loss), net
Other investment income (loss), net primarily consists of foreign exchange rate losses related to a commercial loan investment denominated in a foreign currency.
Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we incurred management fees of $9.4 million (March 31, 2014: $9.3 million), which are payable to our Manager under our management agreement. Refer to Note 11 – “Related Party Transactions” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our relationship with our Manager.
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our general and administrative expenses not covered under our management agreement amounted to $1.7 million (March 31, 2014: $2.0 million). General and administrative expenses not covered under our management agreement primarily consist of directors and officers insurance, legal costs, accounting, auditing and tax services, filing fees, organization expenses associated with our consolidated securitization trusts and miscellaneous general and administrative costs. General and administrative costs in the first quarter of 2015 were lower than the first quarter of 2014 because the 2014 period included $0.2 million of securitization organization expenses.
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, consolidated securitization trust expenses totaled $2.1 million (March 31, 2014: $1.2 million). Consolidated securitization trust expenses consist of direct operating expenses incurred by consolidated residential loan securitizations. The increase in securitization trust expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2015 is

 
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primarily due to an increase in the number of consolidated residential loan securitizations from six as of March 31, 2014 to eleven as of March 31, 2015.
Net Income (loss) after Preferred Dividends and Return on Average Equity
For the three months ended March 31, 2015, our net losses after preferred dividends was $33.0 million (March 31, 2014: $75.3 million) and our annualized loss on average equity was 5.38% (March 31, 2014: 12.89%). The change in net income (loss) after preferred dividends and return on average equity was primarily attributable to lower realized and unrealized losses on derivative instruments in the 2015 period versus 2014 period. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized an unrealized loss for the change in fair value of our interest rates swaps of $56.0 million (March 31, 2014: $90.2 million). In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, we recognized reclassification of amortization of net deferred losses on de-designated interest rate swaps to repurchase agreements interest expense previously recognized in other comprehensive income of $19.1 million (March 31, 2014: $21.3 million).

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity is a measurement of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including ongoing commitments to pay dividends, fund investments, repayment of borrowings and other general business needs. Our primary sources of funds for liquidity consist of the net proceeds from our common and preferred equity offerings, net cash provided by operating activities, proceeds from repurchase agreements and other financing arrangements and future issuances of equity and/or debt securities.
We currently believe that we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources available for the acquisition of additional investments, repayments on borrowings, margin requirements and the payment of cash dividends as required for continued qualification as a REIT. We generally maintain liquidity to pay down borrowings under repurchase arrangements to reduce borrowing costs and otherwise efficiently manage our long-term investment capital. Because the level of these borrowings can be adjusted on a daily basis, the level of cash and cash equivalents carried on our condensed consolidated balance sheets is significantly less important than our potential liquidity available under borrowing arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls.
We held cash and cash equivalents of $157.0 million at March 31, 2015 (March 31, 2014: $188.4 million). Our cash and cash equivalents decreased due to normal fluctuations in cash balances related to the timing of principal and interest payments, repayments of debt, and asset purchases and sales. Our operating activities provided net cash of approximately $87.4 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2015 (March 31, 2014: $89.1 million).
Our investing activities used net cash of $214.8 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2015 (March 31, 2014: provided $380.7 million). During the three month period ended March 31, 2015, we utilized cash to purchase $726.5 million (March 31, 2014: $681.8 million) in MBS and $372.3 million (March 31, 2014: $283.4 million) in residential loans which were offset by proceeds from asset sales of $180.0 million (March 31, 2014: $949.9 million) and principal payments on MBS of $570.1 million (March 31, 2014: $397.4 million) and principal repayments on residential loans of $138.2 million (March 31, 2014: $22.0 million). In addition, we originated or funded commercial loans of $1.9 million (March 31, 2014: $27.5 million).
Our financing activities provided cash of $120.2 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2015 (March 31, 2014: used $492.0 million). During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we utilized cash to repay repurchase agreements of $289.5 million (March 31, 2014: $599.4 million) and asset-backed securities issued by securitization trusts of $130.4 million (March 31, 2014: $19.3 million). Repayments on repurchase agreements were offset by net proceeds from our secured loans of $300.0 million (March 31, 2014: $0), and net proceeds from asset-backed securities issued by new consolidated securitization trusts of $336.1 million (March 31, 2014: $245.9 million).
As of March 31, 2015, our wholly-owned subsidiary, IAS Services LLC, had $1.55 billion in outstanding secured advances from the FHLBI and is approved for additional available uncommitted credit for borrowing of an amount up to $2.5 billion. Available uncommitted credit may be adjusted at the sole discretion of the FHLBI. As of March 31, 2015, the FHLBI advances were collateralized by CMBS and Agency RMBS with a fair value of $1.5 billion and $392.1 million, respectively.
As of March 31, 2015, the average margin requirement (weighted by borrowing amount), or the percentage amount by which the collateral value must exceed the loan amount, which we also refer to as the “haircut,” under our repurchase agreements for Agency RMBS was 4.5%, for non-Agency RMBS was 20.3%, for GSE CRT was a 26.7% and for CMBS was 18.7%. Across our repurchase facilities for Agency RMBS, the haircuts range from a low of 3% to a high of 20%, for non-Agency RMBS ranges from a low of 10% to a high of 50%, GSE CRT ranges from a low of 25% to a high of 35% and for CMBS range from a low of 10% to a high of 25%. Our effective cost of funds (non-GAAP measure) was 2.19% (March 31,

 
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2014: 2.31%) as of March 31, 2015. Declines in the value of our securities portfolio can trigger margin calls by our lenders under our repurchase agreements. An event of default or termination event would give some of our counterparties the option to terminate all repurchase transactions existing with us and require any amount due by us to the counterparties to be payable immediately.
Our total debt-to-equity ratio, which includes longer term financing, was 6.8x as of March 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014: 6.9x). Our repurchase agreement debt-to-equity ratio (non-GAAP measure) has declined from 5.4x at December 31, 2014 to 5.2x at March 31, 2015. Improving our balance sheet by diversifying our liabilities away from repurchase agreements has been a focus of management over the past two years. Since we began using other longer-term means of financing our investments, such as our exchangeable senior notes, secured loans, and asset-backed securities issued by consolidated residential loan securitization trusts, we have reduced our reliance on repurchase agreements. Our weighted average remaining maturity on borrowings has increased from 60 days as of December 31, 2013 to 359 days as of March 31, 2015.
In 2011, we implemented the DRSPP. We have registered and reserved for issuance 15,000,000 shares of our common stock under the DRSPP. Under the terms of the DRSPP, stockholders who participate in the DRSPP may purchase shares of our common stock directly from us, in cash investments up to $10,000, or greater than $10,000 if we grant a request for waiver. At our sole discretion, we may accept optional cash investments in excess of $10,000 per month, which may qualify for a discount from the market price of 0% to 3%. The DRSPP participants may also automatically reinvest all or a portion of their dividends for additional shares of our stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we issued 4,444 shares of common stock (March 31, 2014: 4,564 shares) at an average price of $15.83 (March 31, 2014: $16.26) under the DRSPP with total proceeds of approximately $70,000 (March 31, 2014: $74,000), of which no shares of common stock were issued under the waiver feature of the DRSPP.
In December 2011, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program to purchase up to 7,000,000 shares of our common shares with no stated expiration date. In December 2013, our board of directors approved an additional share repurchase of up to 20,000,000 of our common shares with no expiration date. Shares of our common stock may be purchased in the open market, including through block purchases, or through privately negotiated transactions, or pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases will be determined at our discretion and the program may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason.  The program does not obligate us to acquire any specific number of shares, and all repurchases will be made in accordance with Rule 10b-18, which sets certain restrictions on the method, timing, price and volume of stock repurchases.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. As of March 31, 2015, the Company had authority to purchase 14,841,784 additional shares of its common stock under its share repurchase program.
Effects of Margin Requirements, Leverage and Credit Spreads
Our securities have values that fluctuate according to market conditions and, as discussed above, the market value of our securities will decrease as prevailing interest rates or credit spreads increase. When the value of the securities pledged to secure a repurchase loan or a secured loan decreases to the point where the positive difference between the collateral value and the loan amount is less than the haircut, our lenders may issue a “margin call,” which means that the lender will require us to pay the margin call in cash or pledge additional collateral to meet that margin call, or increase collateral requirements. Under our repurchase facilities and secured loans, our lenders have full discretion to determine the value of the securities we pledge to them. Most of our lenders will value securities based on recent trades in the market. Lenders also issue margin calls as the published current principal balance factors change on the pool of mortgages underlying the securities pledged as collateral when scheduled and unscheduled paydowns are announced monthly.
We experience margin calls and increased collateral requirements in the ordinary course of our business. In seeking to effectively manage the margin requirements established by our lenders, we maintain a position of cash and unpledged securities. We refer to this position as our “liquidity.” The level of liquidity we have available to meet margin calls is directly affected by our leverage levels, our haircuts and the price changes on our securities. If interest rates increase as a result of a yield curve shift or for another reason or if credit spreads widen, then the prices of our collateral (and our unpledged assets that constitute our liquidity) will decline, we will experience margin calls, and we will use our liquidity to meet the margin calls. There can be no assurance that we will maintain sufficient levels of liquidity to meet any margin calls or increased collateral requirements. If our haircuts increase, our liquidity will proportionately decrease. In addition, if we increase our borrowings, our liquidity will decrease by the amount of additional haircut on the increased level of indebtedness.
We intend to maintain a level of liquidity in relation to our assets that enables us to meet reasonably anticipated margin calls and increased collateral requirements but that also allows us to be substantially invested in securities. We may misjudge the appropriate amount of our liquidity by maintaining excessive liquidity, which would lower our investment returns, or by

 
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maintaining insufficient liquidity, which would force us to liquidate assets into unfavorable market conditions and harm our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to financial covenants in connection with our lending, derivatives and other agreements we enter into in the normal course of our business. We intend to continue to operate in a manner which complies with all of our financial covenants. Our lending and derivative agreements provide that we may be declared in default of our obligations if the following conditions occur:
•
Our leverage ratio exceeds certain thresholds; and
•
We fail to maintain stockholders’ equity or market value above certain thresholds over specified time periods.
Forward-Looking Statements Regarding Liquidity
Based upon our current portfolio, leverage rate and available borrowing arrangements, we believe that cash flow from operations and available borrowing capacity will be sufficient to enable us to meet anticipated short-term (one year or less) liquidity requirements to fund our investment activities, pay fees under our management agreement, fund our distributions to stockholders and for other general corporate expenses.
Our ability to meet our long-term (greater than one year) liquidity and capital resource requirements will be subject to obtaining additional debt financing. We may increase our capital resources by obtaining long-term credit facilities or through public or private offerings of equity or debt securities, possibly including classes of preferred stock, common stock, and senior or subordinated notes. Such financing will depend on market conditions for capital raises and our ability to invest such offering proceeds. If we are unable to renew, replace or expand our sources of financing on substantially similar terms, it may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into an agreement with our Manager pursuant to which our Manager is entitled to receive a management fee and the reimbursement of certain expenses. The management fee is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears in an amount equal to 1.50% of our stockholders’ equity, per annum. Our Manager uses the proceeds from its management fee in part to pay compensation to its officers and personnel who, notwithstanding that certain of those individuals are also our officers, receive no cash compensation directly from us. We are required to reimburse our Manager for operating expenses related to us incurred by our Manager, including certain salary expenses and other expenses relating to legal, accounting, due diligence and other services. Expense reimbursements to our Manager are made in cash on a monthly basis following the end of each month. Our reimbursement obligation is not subject to any dollar limitation. Refer to Note 11 – “Related Party Transactions” of our condensed consolidated financial statements for details of our reimbursements to our Manager.
Contractual Commitments
As of March 31, 2015, we had the following contractual commitments and commercial obligations:
 
Payments Due by Period
$ in thousands
Total
 
Less than 1
year
 
1-3 years
 
3-5 years
 
After 5
years
Obligations of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Repurchase agreements
13,333,081

 
13,333,081

 
—

 
—

 
—

Secured loans
1,550,000

 


 
—

 
—

 
1,550,000

Unfunded investments in unconsolidated ventures
27,753

 
7,779

 
19,974

 
—

 
—

Exchangeable senior notes
400,000

 
—

 
400,000

 
—

 
—

Participation interest
150

 
 
 
150

 
—

 
—

Commercial loans
1,623

 
—

 
1,623

 
—

 
—

Total contractual obligations (1)
15,312,607

 
13,340,860

 
421,747

 
—

 
1,550,000

Obligations of entities consolidated for financial reporting purposes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated ABS (2)
3,106,212

 
411,313

 
676,771

 
511,839

 
1,506,289

Anticipated interest payments on ABS (3)
679,392

 
94,013

 
151,867

 
113,479

 
320,033

Total obligations of entities consolidated for financial reporting purposes
3,785,604

 
505,326

 
828,638

 
625,318

 
1,826,322

Total consolidated obligations and commitments
19,098,211

 
13,846,186

 
1,250,385

 
625,318

 
3,376,322

 

 
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(1)
Excluded from total contractual obligations are the amounts due to our Manager under the management agreement, as those obligations do not have fixed and determinable payments. Refer to "Contractual Obligations" above for further details.
(2)
All consolidated ABS issued by VIEs are collateralized by residential mortgage loans. The ABS obligations will pay down as the principal balances of these residential mortgage loans pay down. The amounts shown are the estimated principal repayments, adjusted for projected prepayments and losses.
(3)
The anticipated interest payments on consolidated ABS issued by VIEs are calculated based on estimated principal balances, adjusted for projected prepayments and losses.
As of March 31, 2015, we have approximately $14.9 million, $60.9 million and $53.9 million in contractual interest payments related to our repurchase agreements, exchangeable senior notes and secured loans, respectively.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have committed to invest up to $121.5 million in unconsolidated ventures sponsored by an affiliate of our Manager. The unconsolidated ventures are structured as partnerships, and we invest in the partnerships as a limited partner. As of March 31, 2015, $93.7 million of our commitment has been called. We are committed to fund $27.8 million in additional capital to fund future investments and cover future expenses should they occur.
We also utilize credit derivatives, such as credit default swaps, to provide credit event protection based on a financial index or specific security in exchange for receiving a fixed-rate fee or premium over the term of the contract. These instruments enable us to synthetically assume the credit risk of a reference security, portfolio of securities or index of securities. The counterparty pays a premium to us and we agree to make a payment to compensate the counterparty for losses upon the occurrence of a specified credit event. Although contract specific, credit events generally include bankruptcy, failure to pay, restructuring, obligation acceleration, obligation default, or repudiation/moratorium. Upon the occurrence of a defined credit event, amounts due to the counterparty as set forth by the terms of the CDS agreement would be recorded as realized loss in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
In 2010, we entered into a credit default swap contract ("CDS"). We sold protection against losses on a specific pool of non-Agency RMBS in excess of a specified threshold. In exchange, we are paid a stated fixed rate fee of 3% of the notional amount of the CDS. We are required to post collateral as security for potential loss payments. We posted collateral to secure potential loss payments of $5.1 million as of March 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014: $5.6 million). The remaining notional amount of the CDS at March 31, 2015 is $33.4 million (December 31, 2014: $36.7 million), and we estimated the fair market value of the CDS to be $334,000 at March 31, 2015 (December 31, 2014: $396,000). As of March 31, 2015, we have not made any payments related to the CDS contract.
As of March 31, 2015, we have unfunded commitments on commercial loans of $1.6 million (December 31, 2014: $5.0 million).
Stockholders’ Equity
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we issued 4,444 shares (2014: 4,564 shares) of common stock at an average price of $15.83 (2014: $16.26) under the DRSPP with total proceeds to us of approximately $70,000 (2014: $74,000).
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. During the three months ended March 31, 2014, we repurchased 1,438,213 shares of our common stock at an average repurchase price of $14.69 per share for a net cost of $21.1 million, including acquisition expenses. As of March 31, 2015, we had authority to purchase 14,841,784 additional shares of our common stock through this program.

Share-Based Compensation
The Company has currently reserved 1,000,000 shares of common stock for issuance to its independent directors and officers and employees of our Manger and its affiliates under the terms of its 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"). Unless terminated earlier, the Incentive Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern the unexpired awards.
We recognized compensation expense of approximately $85,000 (March 31, 2014: $52,000) related to our non-executive directors for the three months ended March 31, 2015. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, we issued 5,332 shares (March 31, 2014: 2,745 shares) of restricted stock pursuant to the Incentive Plan to our non-executive directors. The fair market value of the shares granted was determined by the closing stock market price on the date of the grant.
We recognized compensation expense of approximately $70,000 (March 31, 2014: $81,000) for the three months ended March 31, 2015 related to awards to employees of our Manager and its affiliates. Our Manager reimburses us for this

 
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compensation expense under the terms of our management agreement. During March 2015, we issued 11,547 shares of common stock (net of tax withholding) to employees of our Manager and its affiliates in exchange for 17,783 restricted stock units that vested under the Incentive Plan. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2015, we awarded 17,652 restricted stock units to employees of our Manager and its affiliates. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, no units were forfeited.
Dividends
We intend to continue to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock and preferred stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute at least 90% of its REIT taxable income annually, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its taxable income. Before we pay any dividend, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our repurchase agreements and other debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions, or we may make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable stock distribution or distribution of debt securities.
Inflation
Virtually all of our assets and liabilities are sensitive to interest rates. As a result, interest rates and other factors influence our performance far more than inflation. Changes in interest rates do not necessarily correlate with inflation rates or changes in inflation rates.
Unrelated Business Taxable Income
We have not engaged in transactions that would result in a portion of our income being treated as unrelated business taxable income.
Other Matters
We believe that we satisfied each of the asset tests in Section 856(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code") for the period ended March 31, 2015. We also believe that our revenue qualifies for the 75% source of income test and for the 95% source of income test rules for the period ended March 31, 2015. Consequently, we believe we met the REIT income and asset test as of March 31, 2015. We also met all REIT requirements regarding the ownership of our common stock and the distribution of dividends of our net income as of March 31, 2015. Therefore, as of March 31, 2015, we believe that we qualified as a REIT under the Code.
At all times, we intend to conduct our business so that neither we nor our Operating Partnership nor the subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership are required to register as an investment company under the 1940 Act. If we were required to register as an investment company, then our use of leverage would be substantially reduced. Because we are a holding company that conducts our business through our Operating Partnership and the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, the securities issued by these subsidiaries that are excepted from the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act, together with any other investment securities the Operating Partnership may own, may not have a combined value in excess of 40% of the value of the Operating Partnership’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. This requirement limits the types of businesses in which we are permitted to engage in through our subsidiaries. In addition, we believe neither we nor the Operating Partnership are considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act because they do not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, through the Operating Partnership’s wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, we and the Operating Partnership are primarily engaged in the non-investment company businesses of these subsidiaries. IAS Asset I LLC and certain of the Operating Partnership’s other subsidiaries that we may form in the future rely upon the exclusion from the definition of “investment company” under the 1940 Act provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the 1940 Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exclusion generally requires that at least 55% of each subsidiary’s portfolio be comprised of qualifying assets and at least 80% be comprised of qualifying assets and real estate-related assets (and no more than 20% comprised of miscellaneous assets). We calculate that as of March 31, 2015, we conducted our business so as not to be regulated as an investment company under the 1940 Act.

 
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ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.
The primary components of our market risk are related to interest rate, principal prepayment and market value. While we do not seek to avoid risk completely, we believe the risk can be quantified from historical experience and we seek to actively manage that risk, to earn sufficient compensation to justify taking those risks and to maintain capital levels consistent with the risks we undertake.
Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental, monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our investments and our repurchase agreements. Our repurchase agreements are typically of limited duration and will be periodically refinanced at current market rates. We mitigate this risk through utilization of derivative contracts, primarily interest rate swap agreements, TBAs and futures contracts.
Interest Rate Effect on Net Interest Income
Our operating results depend in large part upon differences between the yields earned on our investments and our cost of borrowing and interest rate hedging activities. Most of our repurchase agreements provide financing based on a floating rate of interest calculated on a fixed spread over LIBOR. The fixed spread will vary depending on the type of underlying asset which collateralizes the financing. Accordingly, the portion of our portfolio which consists of floating interest rate assets are match-funded utilizing our expected sources of short-term financing, while our fixed interest rate assets are not match-funded. During periods of rising interest rates, the borrowing costs associated with our investments tend to increase while the income earned on our fixed interest rate investments may remain substantially unchanged. This increase in borrowing costs results in the narrowing of the net interest spread between the related assets and borrowings and may even result in losses. Further, during this portion of the interest rate and credit cycles, defaults could increase and result in credit losses to us, which could adversely affect our liquidity and operating results. Such delinquencies or defaults could also have an adverse effect on the spread between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.
Hedging techniques are partly based on assumed levels of prepayments of our RMBS. If prepayments are slower or faster than assumed, the life of the RMBS will be longer or shorter, which would reduce the effectiveness of any hedging strategies we may use and may cause losses on such transactions. Hedging strategies involving the use of derivative securities are highly complex and may produce volatile returns.
Interest Rate Effects on Fair Value
Another component of interest rate risk is the effect that changes in interest rates will have on the market value of the assets that we acquire. We face the risk that the market value of our assets will increase or decrease at different rates than those of our liabilities, including our hedging instruments.
We primarily assess our interest rate risk by estimating the duration of our assets and the duration of our liabilities. Duration measures the market price volatility of financial instruments as interest rates change. We generally calculate duration using various financial models and empirical data. Different models and methodologies can produce different duration numbers for the same securities.
The impact of changing interest rates on fair value can change significantly when interest rates change materially. Therefore, the volatility in the fair value of our assets could increase significantly in the event interest rates change materially. In addition, other factors impact the fair value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and hedging instruments, such as the shape of the yield curve, market expectations as to future interest rate changes and other market conditions. Accordingly, changes in actual interest rates may have a material adverse effect on us.
Prepayment Risk
As we receive prepayments of principal on our investments, premiums paid on these investments are amortized against interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the amortization of purchase premiums, thereby reducing the interest income earned on the investments. Conversely, discounts on such investments are accreted into interest income. In general, an increase in prepayment rates will accelerate the accretion of purchase discounts, thereby increasing the interest income earned on the investments.

 
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Extension Risk
We compute the projected weighted-average life of our investments based upon assumptions regarding the rate at which the borrowers will prepay the underlying mortgages. In general, when a fixed-rate or hybrid adjustable-rate security is acquired with borrowings, we may, but are not required to, enter into an interest rate swap agreement or other hedging instrument that effectively fixes our borrowing costs for a period close to the anticipated average life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets. This strategy is designed to protect us from rising interest rates, because the borrowing costs are fixed for the duration of the fixed-rate portion of the related target asset.
However, if prepayment rates decrease in a rising interest rate environment, then the life of the fixed-rate portion of the related assets could extend beyond the term of the swap agreement or other hedging instrument. This could have a negative impact on our results from operations, as borrowing costs would no longer be fixed after the end of the hedging instrument, while the income earned on the hybrid adjustable-rate assets would remain fixed. This situation may also cause the market value of our hybrid adjustable-rate assets to decline, with little or no offsetting gain from the related hedging transactions. In extreme situations, we may be forced to sell assets to maintain adequate liquidity, which could cause us to incur losses.
Market Risk
Market Value Risk
Our available-for-sale securities are reflected at their estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in other comprehensive income pursuant to ASC Topic 320. The estimated fair value of these securities fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates and other factors. Generally, in a rising interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to decrease; conversely, in a decreasing interest rate environment, the estimated fair value of these securities would be expected to increase.
The sensitivity analysis table presented below shows the estimated impact of an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve, up and down 50 and 100 basis points, on the market value of our interest rate-sensitive investments and net interest income, including net interest paid or received under interest rate swaps, at March 31, 2015, assuming a static portfolio. When evaluating the impact of changes in interest rates, prepayment assumptions and principal reinvestment rates are adjusted based on our Manager’s expectations. The analysis presented utilized assumptions, models and estimates of our Manager based on our Manager’s judgment and experience.
Change in Interest Rates
 
Percentage Change in Projected
Net Interest Income
 
Percentage Change in Projected
Portfolio Value
+1.00%
 
12.91
 %
 
(1.20
)%
+0.50%
 
20.02
 %
 
(0.55
)%
-0.50%
 
(28.12
)%
 
0.11
 %
-1.00%
 
(54.61
)%
 
0.16
 %
Certain assumptions have been made in connection with the calculation of the information set forth in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table and, as such, there can be no assurance that assumed events will occur or that other events will not occur that would affect the outcomes. The base interest rate scenario assumes interest rates at March 31, 2015. The analysis utilizes assumptions and estimates based on management’s judgment and experience. Furthermore, while we generally expect to retain such assets and the associated interest rate risk to maturity, future purchases and sales of assets could materially change our interest rate risk profile.
Given the low interest rates at March 31, 2015, we applied a floor of 0% for all anticipated interest rates included in our assumptions. Because of this floor, we anticipate that any hypothetical interest rate shock decrease would have a limited positive impact on our funding costs; however, because prepayment speeds are unaffected by this floor, we expect that any increase in our prepayment speeds (occurring as a result of any interest rate decrease or otherwise) could result in an acceleration of our premium amortization on Agency and interest-only securities purchased at a premium, and accretion of discount on our non-Agency RMBS purchased at a discount. As a result, because this floor limits the positive impact of any interest rate decrease on our funding costs, hypothetical interest rate decreases could cause the fair value of our financial instruments and our net interest income to decline.
The information set forth in the interest rate sensitivity table above and all related disclosures constitutes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimated in the foregoing interest rate sensitivity table.

 
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Real Estate Risk
Residential and commercial property values are subject to volatility and may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to: national, regional and local economic conditions (which may be adversely affected by industry slowdowns and other factors); local real estate conditions (such as the supply of housing stock); changes or continued weakness in specific industry segments; construction quality, age and design; demographic factors; and retroactive changes to building or similar codes. In addition, decreases in property values reduce the value of the collateral and the potential proceeds available to a borrower to repay our loans, which could also cause us to suffer losses.
Credit Risk
We believe that our investment strategy will generally keep our credit losses and financing costs low. However, we retain the risk of potential credit losses on all of our residential and commercial mortgage investments. We seek to manage this risk through our pre-acquisition due diligence process. In addition, we re-evaluate the credit risk inherent in our investments on a regular basis pursuant to fundamental considerations such as GDP, unemployment, interest rates, retail sales, store closings/openings, corporate earnings, housing inventory, affordability and regional home price trends. We also review key loan credit metrics including, but not limited to, payment status, current loan-to-value ratios, current borrower credit scores and debt yields. These characteristics assist in determining the likelihood and severity of loan loss as well as prepayment and extension expectations. We then perform structural analysis under multiple scenarios to establish likely cash flow profiles and credit enhancement levels relative to collateral performance projections. This analysis allows us to quantify our opinions of credit quality and fundamental value, which are key drivers of portfolio management decisions.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We have an investment in a commercial loan denominated in a foreign currency. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk on the balance of the loan and contractual payments of interest on the loan. We have hedged our foreign currency exposure on the loan by purchasing currency forward contracts.
Risk Management
To the extent consistent with maintaining our REIT qualification, we seek to manage risk exposure to protect our investment portfolio against the effects of major interest rate changes. We generally seek to manage this risk by:
•
monitoring and adjusting, if necessary, the reset index and interest rate related to our target assets and our financings;
•
attempting to structure our financing agreements to have a range of different maturities, terms, amortizations and interest rate adjustment periods;
•
using hedging instruments, primarily interest rate swap agreements but also financial futures, options, interest rate cap agreements, floors and forward sales to adjust the interest rate sensitivity of our target assets and our borrowings; and
•
actively managing, on an aggregate basis, the interest rate indices, interest rate adjustment periods, and gross reset margins of our target assets and the interest rate indices and adjustment periods of our financings.

 
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ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that the required information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
We have evaluated, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2015. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
No change occurred in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2015 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
From time to time, we may be involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2015, we were not involved in any such legal proceedings.
ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS.
There were no material changes during the period covered by this Report to the risk factors previously disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2015. Additional risks not presently known, or that we currently deem immaterial, also may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.
During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.
ITEM 3.
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.
None.
ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.
Not applicable.
ITEM 5.
OTHER INFORMATION.
None.

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS.
A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth on the Exhibit Index and is incorporated herein by reference.


 
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
INVESCO MORTGAGE CAPITAL INC.
 
 
 
May 7, 2015
By:
/s/ Richard J. King
 
 
Richard J. King
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
May 7, 2015
By:
/s/ Richard Lee Phegley, Jr.
 
 
Richard Lee Phegley, Jr.
 
 
Chief Financial Officer


 
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EXHIBIT INDEX
Item 6.        Exhibits
 
Exhibit
No.
  
Description
 
 
3.1

  
Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 12, 2009).
 
 
3.2

  
Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on July 23, 2012).
 
 
3.3

  
Articles Supplementary of 7.75% Fixed-to-Floating Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed with the SEC on September 8, 2014).
 
 
3.4

  
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Amendment No. 8 to our Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 333-151665), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 18, 2009).
 
 
 
31.1

  
Certification of Richard J. King pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31.2

  
Certification of Richard Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.1

  
Certification of Richard J. King pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.2

  
Certification of Richard Lee Phegley, Jr. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
101

  
The following series of unaudited XBRL-formatted documents are collectively included herewith as Exhibit 101. The financial information is extracted from Invesco Mortgage Capital Inc.’s unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements and notes that are included in this Form 10-Q Report.
 
101.INS XBRL Instance Document
 
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
 
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
 
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
 
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document


 
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