UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
SCHEDULE 14A
Proxy Statement Pursuant to Section 14(a) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
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COMMONWEALTH REIT
(Name of the Registrant as Specified In Its Charter)
CORVEX MANAGEMENT LP
KEITH MEISTER
RELATED FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND GP-A, LLC
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND GP, L.P.
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND, L.P.
RRERF ACQUISITION, LLC
JEFF T. BLAU
RICHARD OTOOLE
DAVID R. JOHNSON
(Name of Person(s) Filing Proxy Statement, if other than the Registrant)
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SUPPLEMENT NO. 2 TO
CONSENT STATEMENT
OF
CORVEX MANAGEMENT LP
KEITH MEISTER
RELATED FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND GP-A, LLC
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND GP, L.P.
RELATED REAL ESTATE RECOVERY FUND, L.P.
RRERF ACQUISITION, LLC
JEFF T. BLAU
RICHARD OTOOLE
DAVID R. JOHNSON
This second supplement to the consent statement supplements the consent statement of Corvex Management LP, Keith Meister, Related Fund Management, LLC, Related Real Estate Recovery Fund GP-A, LLC, Related Real Estate Recovery Fund GP, L.P., Related Real Estate Recovery Fund, L.P., RRERF Acquisition, LLC, Jeff T. Blau, Richard OToole and David R. Johnson (collectively, the Participants), dated April 10, 2013, as supplemented on April 12, 2013 (the Consent Statement), in connection with the solicitation of written consents (the Consent Solicitation) from the holders of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share (the Shares) of CommonWealth REIT, a Maryland real estate investment trust ( the Company), to remove without cause Barry M. Portnoy, Adam D. Portnoy, Joseph L. Morea, William A. Lamkin, and Frederick N. Zeytoonjian as trustees of the Company and any other person or persons elected or appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Company prior to the effective time of this Consent Solicitation.
This second supplement should be read in conjunction with the Consent Statement. Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Consent Statement. It is the Proposing Shareholders view that the Consent Record Date is the close of business on April 22, 2013. This second supplement is dated June 20, 2013.
If you have any questions regarding your WHITE consent card or need assistance in executing your consent, please contact:
D.F. King & Co., Inc.
48 Wall Street, 22nd Floor
New York, NY 10005
Shareholders call toll-free: (800) 714-3313
Banks and brokers call: (212) 269-5550
CERTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REGARDING THE PARTICIPANTS
Beneficial Ownership of Shares
Please see Annex I for a list of all transactions in the securities of the Company effectuated by the Participants since Supplement No. 1 to the Consent Statement, filed with the SEC on April 12, 2013. As of the date of this filing, the Participants hold direct or indirect interests in the Company as follows:
| Corvex Master Fund LP, a Cayman Islands limited partnership (the Corvex Fund) owns 5,675,250 Shares (the Corvex Shares) consisting of (i) 5,437,750 Shares held of record by the Corvex Fund and (ii) 237,500 Shares held by the Corvex Fund through a trading account. |
| RRERF beneficially owns 5,675,250 Shares (the Related Shares) consisting of (i) 5,437,750 Shares held of record by RRERF and (ii) 237,500 Shares held by RRERF through a trading account. |
| David R. Johnson beneficially owns 9,654.441 Shares (the Johnson Shares), which number includes 8970.0658 common shares of beneficial interest and 684.3752 common shares of beneficial interest which would be received upon the conversion of Mr. Johnsons 1,423.4834 shares of the Companys 6 1/2% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares (calculated based upon a conversion rate of 0.480775 common shares per Series D preferred share). |
| Each of the Corvex Persons may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of 11,360,154.441 Shares (representing approximately 9.6%* of the Companys outstanding Shares), which includes: (i) the Corvex Shares, (ii) the Related Shares and (iii) the Johnson Shares. By virtue of his position as a control person of the general partner of Corvex, Mr. Meister and Corvex may be deemed to share voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Corvex Shares. In addition, (A) by virtue of the Corvex/Related Agreement, the Corvex Persons may be deemed to share with the Related Persons voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Related Shares and (B) by virtue of a letter agreement between Corvex, Related Recovery Fund and David R. Johnson (the Support Agreement), the Corvex Persons may be deemed to share with the Related Persons and Mr. Johnson voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Johnson Shares. Each of the Corvex Persons disclaims beneficial ownership with respect to the Related Shares and the Johnson Shares. |
| Each of the Related Persons may be deemed to be the beneficial owner of 11,360,154.441 Shares (representing approximately 9.6%* of the Companys outstanding Shares), which includes: (i) the Related Shares, (ii) the Corvex Shares and (iii) the Johnson Shares. By virtue of their relationship, as previously described, the Related Persons may be deemed to share voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Related Shares. In addition, (A) by virtue of the Corvex/Related Agreement, the Related Persons may be deemed to share with the Corvex Persons voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Corvex Shares and (B) by virtue of the Support Agreement, the Related Persons may be deemed to share with the Corvex Persons and Mr. Johnson voting power and dispositive power with respect to the Johnson Shares. Each of the Related Persons disclaims beneficial ownership with respect to the Corvex Shares and the Johnson Shares. |
The Participants may effect purchases of Shares through margin accounts maintained for them with brokers, which extend margin credit as and when required to open or carry positions in their margin accounts, subject to applicable federal margin regulations, stock exchange rules and such firms credit policies. Positions in Shares may be held in margin accounts and may be pledged as collateral security for the repayment of debit balances in such accounts. Such margin accounts may from time to time have debit balances. In addition, since other securities may be held in such margin accounts, it may not be possible to determine the amounts, if any, of margin used to purchase Shares.
LITIGATION UPDATE
On February 27, 2013, Corvex and Related Management initiated litigation in the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, Maryland (the Maryland Action) against the Company, Barry M. Portnoy, Adam D. Portnoy, Joseph L. Morea, William A. Lamkin and Frederick N. Zeytoonjian (collectively, the Trustees), and RMR. On March 1, 2013, Corvex and Related Management initiated litigation in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts (the Massachusetts Action) against the Company and the Trustees.
The Company, the Trustees, and RMR responded to these lawsuits with demands for arbitration. On March 28, 2013, Corvex and Related Management voluntarily dismissed their claims against RMR in the Maryland Action. On May 9, 2013, the court in the Maryland Action directed that the claims against the Company and the Trustees proceed to arbitration. On June 5, 2013, Corvex and Related Management voluntarily dismissed the Massachusetts Action.
* | Percentage calculated based upon an aggregate of 118,304,752.3752 Shares outstanding, comprised of (i) 684.3752 Shares which would be received upon the conversion of Mr. Johnsons 1,423.4834 shares of the Companys 6 1/2% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares (calculated based upon a conversion rate of 0.480775 common shares per series D preferred share) and (ii) 118,304,068 Shares outstanding as of May 8, 2013, as reported in the Companys Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013, filed with the SEC on May 9, 2013. |
On May 30, 2013, Corvex and Related Management served counterclaims in the arbitration. Among other things, Corvex and Related Management request that the arbitration panel declare various Company bylaws invalid and that the Companys shareholders may remove the Trustees without cause notwithstanding the Companys statements to the contrary.
On June 17, 2013, the Company filed its Amended Claims and Responses to Respondents Counterclaims, and the Trustees filed their Statement of Claims and Answer to Respondents Counterclaims (attached as Annex II and Annex III). The Company asserts six claims against Corvex and Related Management, and the Trustees assert six claims against Corvex and Related Management. Among other things, the Company and the Trustees request that the arbitration panel find that Corvex and Related Management violated Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company and the Trustees also request that the arbitration panel find that Corvex and Related Management violated Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 by failing to disclose that they are attempting to steal control of CWH through removal of CWHs Board of Trustees, without having to pay CWH shareholders a control premium.
On June 10, 2013, Corvex and Related Management filed in the arbitration a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment on Counterclaims Relating to Their Consent Solicitation to Remove CommonWealths Trustees (the Motion). Among other things, Corvex and Related Management seek summary judgment on their counterclaims that various Company bylaws are invalid and that the Trustees may be removed without cause notwithstanding the Companys statements to the contrary. A hearing on the Motion is scheduled for July 26, 2013.
FINANCING UPDATE
As we have previously disclosed, a successful removal of the entire Board, which is the only path to effect meaningful change, will constitute a change of control under the Companys revolving credit agreement and term loan agreement. However, such change of control will not be an event of default that automatically accelerates the payment of the $630 million in debt outstanding under both facilities. In fact, for an acceleration to occur, the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding obligations under the respective facility would have to affirmatively elect to accelerate repayment of the obligations. We note that the obligations are held by a broad group of sophisticated financial institutions that in our view would have absolutely no incentive to accelerate the payment of outstanding obligations in light of the Companys continuing solvency and low credit risk.
We would have expected that the Board, in accordance with its fiduciary duties, engage with us and the Companys lenders in a discussion to secure appropriate advance waivers or appropriate refinancing, in the event shareholders elect to remove the entire Board. But to the contrary, it has come to our attention that the Companys management and their advisors are using the poison puts that they themselves included in their credit documents as the centerpiece of a scare tactic campaign to intimidate shareholders into not supporting our consent solicitation out of fear that doing so could result in the acceleration of the Companys obligations under their revolver and term loan agreement. This desperate rhetoric may be the result of the broad support our consent solicitation is receiving from shareholders. The Companys argument boils down to the proposition that, following removal of the board, RMR and the remaining Company officers would purposely cause the acceleration of the companys outstanding obligations rather than take a replacement credit facility made available to the Company until such a new board of trustees is duly elected by shareholders. The proposition is absurd, and a clear indication of the extent to which the Portnoys and the current Board will go to entrench themselves regardless of the economic consequences to shareholders.
In order to put an end to the Companys scare tactic campaign and alleviate any shareholder concern we hereby commit that, in the event our consent solicitation is successful and shareholders remove the entire board of trustees, Corvex and Related Management will immediately offer to buy 51% of the outstanding debt under each of the Companys revolving credit agreement and term loan at par value, so that no acceleration of such loans will occur. Since no such acceleration will occur, cross-acceleration provisions included in other Company debt obligations will not be triggered and should be of no concern to shareholders.
ANNEX I
ADDITIONAL TRANSACTIONS BY THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE SECURITIES OF
COMMONWEALTH REIT DURING THE PAST TWO YEARS
This Annex I sets forth information with respect to each purchase and sale of securities of the Company that was effectuated by a Participant, or an affiliate of a Participant since Supplement No. 1 to the Consent Statement, filed with the SEC on April 12, 2013. Unless otherwise indicated, all transactions were effectuated in the open market and the table includes commissions paid in per share prices.
Transactions in Common Shares by Corvex Master Fund LP
Trade Date | Number Purchased | Price Per Share ($) | ||
5/30/2013 |
125,000 | 20.59 | ||
5/31/2013 |
112,500 | 20.48 |
Transactions in Common Shares by RRERF Acquisition, LLC
Trade Date | Number Purchased | Price Per Share ($) | ||
5/30/2013 |
125,000 | 20.59 | ||
5/31/2013 |
112,500 | 20.48 |
Transactions in Common Shares by David R. Johnson
Trade Date | Number Purchased | Price Per Share ($) | ||
5/23/2013 |
4.8687 | 20.38 |
Transactions in 6 1/2% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Shares by David R. Johnson
Trade Date | Number Purchased | Price Per Share ($) | ||
5/16/2013 |
7.7275 | 23.95 |
ANNEX II
CommonWealth REITs Amended Claims and Response to Respondents Counterclaim
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BETWEEN
COMMONWEALTH REIT, BARRY M. PORTNOY, ADAM D. PORTNOY, JOSEPH L. MOREA, WILLIAM A. LAMKIN and FREDERICK N. ZEYTOONJIAN,
Claimants and Counterclaim Respondents,
and
REIT MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LLC,
Claimant,
v.
CORVEX MANAGEMENT LP
and
RELATED FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC,
Respondents and Counterclaimants. |
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CLAIMANT COMMONWEALTH REITS AMENDED CLAIMS AND
RESPONSE TO RESPONDENTS COUNTERCLAIM
Pursuant to Paragraph 5 of Procedural Order No. 1, Claimant CommonWealth REIT (CWH) hereby amends its claims and responds to Respondents Counterclaim as follows:
I. | CWHs AMENDED CLAIMS |
On May 30, 2013, Respondents filed and served their eight-count Counterclaim. See generally Respondents Counterclaim. Because Respondents have abandoned the claims contained in the Complaint they filed in Corvex Management LP and Related Fund Management LLC v. Commonwealth REIT, et al., Civil Action No. 1:13-cv-10475 (D. Mass), and have abandoned or modified certain of the claims contained in the Complaint they filed in Corvex Management LP and Related Fund Management LLC v. Commonwealth REIT, et al., Case No. 24-C-13-001111 (Md. Cir. Ct., Baltimore City), and have substituted the Counterclaim, CWH hereby amends its claims to address Respondents present contentions and accordingly seeks the following relief from the Panel:1
1 | CWH also is filing today a request for an order from the Panel declaring that Respondents have abandoned all claims they asserted in Corvex Management LP and Related Fund Management LLC v. Commonwealth REIT, et al., Civil Action No. 1:13-cv-10475 (D. Mass). See CWHs Request for Entry of Award. |
1. | A dismissal of Counts I-VII of the Counterclaim on the ground, among others, that Respondents, by their own admission, are not eligible to bring a consent solicitation and accordingly lack standing to challenge CWHs Bylaw provisions governing consent solicitations. Respondents cannot demonstrate compliance with the threshold requirement that they have held three percent of CWHs shares for three years; see Bylaw § 2.14.1(b) (clarifying Bylaw § 2.15); see also Bylaw § 3.14; much less the Bylaw requiring that they held shares representing $2,000 for at least one year prior to making their purported consent solicitation. See Bylaw § 2.14.1(a) (as amended in 2009); see also Bylaw § 2.15. Indeed, Respondents purchased shares in CWH with knowledge of and acquiescence in the holding period requirements. Such purchases establish Respondents consent under Maryland law. CWH and the Trustees should not be required to needlessly incur the significant expense and inconvenience of defending the Bylaws and other requirements for a consent solicitation that Respondents do not have standing to bring; and |
2. | A dismissal of Count VIII of the Counterclaim on the ground, among others, that a claim for breach of fiduciary duty can be brought only as a derivative action. Respondents made no effort to bring such claim derivatively and failed to demand that CWH assert a breach of fiduciary duty claim against its Trustees prior to bringing suit. |
CWH | alternatively seeks the following relief from the Panel: |
3. | A declaration that the Bylaws challenged by Respondents in their Counterclaim are valid and enforceable; |
4. | A declaration that CWHs opt in to Section 3-803 of the Maryland General Corporation Law permits the removal of CWHs Trustees only for cause; |
5. | A declaration that the Articles Supplementary that CWH filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on April 12, 2013 stating that notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Trusts Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, no Trustee may be removed without cause, is valid and enforceable; |
6. | A declaration that Respondents purported consent solicitation is invalid; |
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7. | A declaration that the April 2013 requests for record date made by Corvex Master Fund LP and Cede & Co., the nominee of The Depository Trust Company, are invalid because such requests failed to comply with all applicable CWH Bylaws; |
8. | Denying all relief sought by Respondents, including damages, declaratory and injunctive relief; |
9. | A declaration that Respondents are required to indemnify and hold harmless CWH from and against all costs, expenses, and any other recoverable amounts, with interest, arising from Respondents violation of any provision of CWHs Declaration of Trust and Bylaws pursuant to Article 7.12 of the Declaration of Trust; and |
10. | Awarding CWH such other and further relief as the Panel deems just and proper. CWH also incorporates by reference the claims and requests for relief asserted by the Trustees on their claims. |
II. | RESPONSE TO RESPONDENTS COUNTERCLAIMS |
INTRODUCTION
1. Respondents seek declaratory and other relief concerning their purported consent solicitation. See Respondents Counterclaim, Count I. CWH denies that Respondents are entitled to such relief and denies that Respondents purported consent solicitation complies with the requirements in CWHs Bylaws. Respondents Counterclaim concedes that Respondents began purchasing CWH shares in 2013. See Counterclaim, ¶ 3.8. As set forth in further detail in Section III below, Respondents purported consent solicitation and request for a record date are invalid because, among other reasons, Respondents lack standing. Among other reasons, Respondents cannot demonstrate compliance with the threshold requirement that they have held three percent of CWHs shares for three years; see Bylaw § 2.14.1(b) (clarifying Bylaw § 2.15); see also Bylaw § 3.14; much less the Bylaw requiring that they held shares representing $2,000 for at least one year prior to making their purported consent solicitation. See Bylaw § 2.14.1(a) (as amended in 2009); see also Bylaw § 2.15. When Respondents purchased shares in CWH in
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2013, they thereby acquiescenced in these requirements. Under Maryland law, this establishes their consent. Respondents therefore have waived and are estopped from bringing their challenges to the holding period Bylaws and lack standing to raise their other challenges to the Bylaws.
2. Recognizing that their purported consent solicitation fails to comply with CWHs Bylaws, Respondents seek declaratory and injunctive relief seeking to invalidate such Bylaws which Respondents colorfully mischaracterize as the 3+3 Bylaw, the $2000/1-Year Requirement, the Red Tape Bylaws, the Delay Bylaws, and the Restricted Consent Window Bylaw. See generally Respondents Counterclaim, Sections 3.B and D; Counts III-VI. CWH objects to and denies Respondents characterization of such Bylaws and denies that Respondents are entitled to such declaratory and injunctive relief. CWH denies the Respondents characterizations of the Bylaws and refers to the Bylaws text for a full and accurate statement of their terms. CWH further denies Respondents allegations that the challenged Bylaws are arbitrary and unreasonable. Moreover, CWH states that Respondents actually or constructively consented to the Bylaws, including the March 1, 2013 clarifying amendment to Bylaw § 3.14, by purchasing shares.
3. Respondents also seek declaratory relief concerning the effect of CWHs opt-in to Section 3-803 of the Maryland General Corporation Law on a shareholders ability to remove a Trustee without cause. See Respondents Counterclaim, Count VII. CWH denies that Respondents are entitled to such declaratory relief and seeks a declaration from the Panel concerning the validity and enforceability of the Articles Supplementary that CWH filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland on April 12, 2013, stating that notwithstanding any provision to the contrary in the Trusts Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, no Trustee may be removed without cause.
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4. Respondents further purport to assert claims directly against the Trustees for breach of fiduciary duty, claiming, among other things, that CWHs Managing Trustees are engaged in a naked, open, and unapologetic scheme of self-dealing, and that CWH and its Trustees have undertaken, adopted, implemented and invoked a number of arbitrary and unreasonable measures . . . for the purpose of entrenching themselves and disenfranchising [CWH]s shareholders. See Respondents Counterclaim, Count VIII. CWH denies Respondents allegations that CWH and the Trustees have breached their fiduciary duties or that demand on the Trustees would have been futile.
CWH
5. CWHs affairs are governed by its Declaration of Trust and Bylaws, the text of which speak for themselves. To the extent the Counterclaim characterizes the terms, history or purpose of CWHs Declaration of Trust and/or Bylaws, CWH denies such characterizations.
6. Pursuant to its Declaration of Trust, CWHs business is overseen by a Board of Trustees, which consists of two Managing Trustees and three Independent Trustees. CWH objects to and denies Respondents characterization of CWHs three Independent Trustees as cronies of the Managing Trustees or that CWHs Independent Trustees are serving at the direction of and are controlled by CWHs Managing Trustees. Cf. Counterclaim, ¶ 2.6. CWH denies and leaves Respondents to their proof concerning involvement that CWHs Trustees may have with other entities.
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7. Among other provisions, CWHs Declaration of Trust gives its Trustees full, absolute and exclusive power, control and authority over the Trust Estate . . . . See Declaration of Trust, § 3.1. Section 3.3 of the Declaration of Trust authorizes the Trustees to make or adopt and from time to time amend or repeal Bylaws (the Bylaws) not inconsistent with law or with this Declaration. Moreover, Section 3.1 of the Declaration of Trust states: [i]n construing the provisions of this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of the grant of powers and authority to the Trustees.
8. Section 6.12 of the Declaration of Trust addresses the fixing of record dates for various events, including for shareholder actions by written consent. It provides that [t]he Bylaws may provide for fixing or, in the absence of such provision, the Trustees may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for determining the Shareholders entitled . . . to express consent to any proposal without a meeting . . . or for any other purpose.
9. Respondents Counterclaim contains allegations concerning CWHs stock price, annual returns, dividends and equity offering, as well as transactions that CWH has entered into with other real estate investment trusts. To the extent Respondents characterize CWHs stock price, annual returns, dividends and equity offering, or any transactions that CWH has entered into with other real estate investment trusts, CWH denies such characterizations and otherwise leaves Respondents to their proof. Among other things and without limiting its response, CWH denies the allegations purporting to suggest that only a single shareholder may satisfy the holding period requirement, and further states that Bylaw § 2.14.1(b) provides that holdings may be aggregate[d] for purposes of determining whether a shareholder or group of shareholders has met the requirements.
RMR
10. CWH admits that it has certain agreements with Reit Management & Research LLC (RMR). Such agreements speak for themselves. To the extent that Respondents characterize such agreements or fees, CWH denies such characterizations and otherwise leaves Respondents to their proof.
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11. CWH leaves Respondents to their proof concerning transactions or agreements involving RMR and other persons. To the extent that Respondents characterize such agreements or transactions, CWH denies such characterizations and otherwise leaves Respondents to their proof.
RESPONSE TO ALLEGATIONS CONCERNING CWHs 2013 EQUITY OFFERING AND RESPONDENTS PURPORTED CONSENT SOLICITATION
12. Section 3.C of Respondents Counterclaim contains several allegations concerning Respondents purchase of CWH shares in 2013, CWHs issuance and public offering of 34.5 million new shares in 2013 and Respondents response thereto, as well as communications that Respondents had with CWHs Trustees. The documents identified in Section 3.C of Respondents Counterclaim speak for themselves. To the extent that Respondents characterize such documents or communications, CWH denies such characterizations and leaves Respondents to their proof.
13. Section 3.E of Respondents Counterclaim contains several allegations concerning Respondents purported consent solicitation and CWHs response thereto. The documents identified in Section 3.E of Respondents Counterclaim speak for themselves. To the extent that Respondents characterize such documents, CWH denies such characterizations and leaves Respondents to their proof. CWH denies that Respondents purported consent solicitation complies with CWHs Bylaws. CWH and its Trustees, despite having no obligation to do so, identified in response to Respondents Motion to Compel the ways in which Respondents facially failed to comply with the Bylaws in requesting that CWH establish a record date.
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RESPONSES TO REMAINING ALLEGATIONS OF COUNTERCLAIM
14. CWH denies the remaining allegations of the Counterclaim and leaves Respondents to their proof.
III. | RESPONDENTS CHALLENGES TO THE BYLAWS AND OTHER CLAIMS MUST BE DISMISSED |
15. Respondents Counterclaims are essentially: (1) that they should not be required to comply with CWHs Bylaws regarding consent solicitations; and (2) that the Trustees (and CWH) have breached their fiduciary duties. For the reasons summarized below and as will be further detailed in CWHs Opposition to Respondents summary judgment motion, both claims necessarily fail. Respondents, by their own admission, cannot satisfy any of the Bylaws holding period requirements. Respondents breach of fiduciary duty claims also fail because Maryland law does not recognize or permit such claims and because fiduciary duty-like claims that Maryland does recognize must be brought derivatively after making a demand on the Trustees.
Respondents Challenges to Various Bylaws are Untenable and Should be Dismissed.
16. Respondents have no standing to challenge the consent solicitation Bylaws because they do not satisfy the threshold requirement that they held 3 percent of CWH shares for at least three years. See Bylaw § 2.14.1(b) (clarifying Bylaw § 2.15); see also Bylaw § 3.14. Indeed, Respondents have not even held CWH shares for one year. See Counterclaim, ¶ 3.8; cf. Bylaw § 2.14.1(a) (as amended in 2009); see also Bylaw § 2.15. Respondents consent solicitation therefore is facially (and fatally) deficient. Accordingly, Respondents purported consent solicitation was void from the outset and all of their other challenges to the Bylaws are mere hypothetical questions that should not be adjudicated by the Panel in this proceeding.
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17. Seeking to avoid this result, Respondents claim that the Bylaws holding period requirement conflicts with the Declaration of Trusts provisions that: (1) two-thirds of CWHs common shares may at any time remove Trustees with or without cause; and (2) [a]ll Shares shall have equal non-cumulative voting rights . . . . (Declaration of Trust, Articles 2.3 and 6.1.) Respondents are flatly incorrect. Not only did Respondents waive these arguments by buying their shares with actual or constructive knowledge of the holding period requirement,2 but the holding period provision itself is fully consistent with both the specific language of the Declaration of Trust and generally recognized fairness principles for shareholder proposals.
Respondents have waived any argument that the holding period requirement is inconsistent with the Declaration of Trust.
18. Prior to purchasing its first CWH shares in January, 2013, Respondents not only had the opportunity to review CWHs Bylaws but, as the court held in Respondents Maryland action, in fact did so. Respondents therefore knew, prior to their purchases, that CWH adopted a holding period requirement. Despite this, Respondents proceeded with their purchases. Having had actual knowledge of the holding period requirement prior to purchasing, Respondents knowingly relinquished any right to complain about such requirement.
2 | CWH has had a holding period requirement since 2009. See Bylaw § 2.14.1(a) (adopted in 2009) (requiring shareholders to have held shares representing $2,000 for at least one year prior to making a consent solicitation); see also Bylaw § 2.15. On January 10, 2012, the Trustees adopted Amended and Restated Bylaws, which included a requirement that shareholders have held three percent of CWH shares for three years prior to nominating an individual to the Board of Trustees. See Bylaw, § 2.14.1(b); see also Bylaw § 2.15. CWH clarified for the avoidance of doubt on March 1, 2013 that this requirement also applied to actions to remove Trustees. See Bylaw, § 3.14. |
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The holding period requirement is consistent with the any time provision of the Declaration of Trust.
19. The holding period requirement is entirely consistent with the any time language in the Declaration of Trust because it does not limit when shareholders who have satisfied it may bring a consent action to remove Trustees. Article 2.3 provides in relevant part that [a] Trustee may be removed at any time with or without cause by vote or consent of holders of Shares representing two-thirds of the total votes authorized to be cast by Shares then outstanding and entitled to vote thereon. As the language of this provision establishes, only those shares authorized to be cast are entitled to remove a Trustee. Article 2.3 contains no limitation on standards that can be adopted to determine what shares are authorized to be cast.
The holding period requirement treats all shareholders equally.
20. The holding period requirement applies equally to all shares and accordingly is consistent with the requirement in the Declaration of Trust that all shares have equal voting rights. All shares in fact have equal non-cumulative voting rights and there is no inconsistency with the Trust Declaration. Rather, Respondents conflate the Bylaw requirements concerning the nomination or removal of Trustees with the shareholders who have a right to vote on a proposal that is validly brought.
21. Even if the holding period requirement is viewed as akin to a defense mechanism (like a poison pill) that treats shareholders differently, which it does not, it is entitled to the full protection of Marylands Business Judgment Rule and Marylands Unsolicited Takeover Act. Md. Code Ann., Corps. & Assns §§ 2-405.1(f), 2-405.1(d) and 8-601.1. These statutes grant trustees broad powers to fend off hostile takeovers by, among other things, enacting bylaw provisions relating to shareholder voting rights and other defensive provisions.
The holding period requirement is reasonable.
22. The holding period requirement is also consistent with standards the SEC has adopted for shareholder proposals to proxy statements. In 2010, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission stated its belief that holding securities for at least a three-year period better demonstrates a shareholders long-term commitment and interests in the company. SEC Release Nos. 33-9136, 34-62764, IC-29384, File No. S7-10-09, at 106-07 (Nov. 15, 2010). The
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SEC also determined at that time that a sizable percentage (33%) of public companies have at least one institutional investor owning at least 3% of their securities for at least three years and were therefore positioned to meet a proposed threshold for proxy access of 3% ownership over three years the same threshold at issue here. Id. at 87-88.3 Moreover, a holding period requirement is particularly appropriate for REITs due to the potentially long-term holding cycles for real property.
Maryland Law Does not Permit Respondents Breach of Fiduciary Duty Claim.
23. Count VIII should be dismissed because Maryland does not recognize an independent cause of action for breach of fiduciary duty.4 Where, as here, a claimant seeks money damages and there is no assertion that the alleged breach of fiduciary duty gives rise to another cause of action, dismissal of the claim is required.
24. Count VIII also should be dismissed because it alleges that CWH has breached a fiduciary duty. But as a matter of law, no fiduciary duty claim can be asserted against CWH because CWH, as an entity, is neither a fiduciary of nor can owe a fiduciary duty to its shareholders.5
25. Count VIII also fails because Respondents seek money damages in violation of Article 7 of the Declaration of Trust, which contains provisions expressly limiting the recovery of money damages. Nor have Respondents even stated a valid claim for money damages.
3 | Similarly, the SEC proposed and in 2010 ultimately adopted 17 C.F.R. § 240.14a-8(b)(i), which requires shareholders to have held their shares for at least one year before being eligible to make proxy statement proposals. As explained by the SEC, the purpose of this requirement is to curtail abuse of the rule by requiring that those who put the company and other shareholders to the expense of including a proposal in its proxy materials have had a continuous investment interest in the company. Amendments to Rules on Shareholder Proposals, Exchange Act Release No. 39093, File No. S7-25-97 at 18 (Sept. 18, 1997). |
4 | See Latty v. St. Josephs Society of the Sacred Heart, Inc., 198 Md. App. 254, 271, 17 A.3d 155 (2011) (and cases cited). |
5 | See, e.g., In re Terra Industries, Inc. Shareholder Litigation, Case No. 24-C-10-001302 (Circ. Ct. Balto. City, July 14, 2010) at 27. |
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Respondents seek an award of damages in an unstated amount, but fail to set forth any allegations concerning how they supposedly have suffered financial loss at all since the date(s) of their purchases. Indeed, many of their allegations e.g., about what they allege to be excessive fees or self-dealing over a period of years involve actions that took place before Respondents purchases. Because Respondents have alleged no facts of any kind addressing how, if at all, they have been damaged financially since they purchased their shares, their claim for money damages fails.
26. Even if Respondents are permitted to replead their claim to conform to Maryland law, it would still be deficient because claims for breach of fiduciary duty must be brought as a derivative action. Respondents have not made a demand upon CWH or otherwise brought their claims as a derivative action. While Respondents argue in their Counterclaim that no demand is necessary because any such demand would be futile, the facts establish the opposite. As Respondents acknowledge, CWHs Board is comprised of five Trustees. Three of the Trustees, William Lamkin, Frederick Zeytoonjian and Joseph Morea, are independent. As a result, there is no basis to excuse Respondents failure to make a demand upon CWHs Trustees before bringing any type of fiduciary duty-type claim or their failure to bring Count VIII as a derivative claim.
IV. | ADDITIONAL DEFENSES |
CWH asserts the following additional defenses to Respondents Counterclaim:
(a) | The Bylaws were properly enacted and are valid; |
(b) | Counts I-VII of Respondents Counterclaim are barred by the doctrines of waiver and estoppel due to Respondents actual and/or constructive consent to the Bylaws by virtue of their purchase of CWH shares; |
(c) | Respondents are further barred from asserting Counts I-VII of their Counterclaim because they failed to comply with the Bylaws requirements for bringing a consent solicitation; |
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(d) | Respondents are barred from asserting Counts I-VII of their Counterclaim because they failed to satisfy conditions precedent for seeking a consent solicitation; |
(e) | Count III of Respondents Counterclaim is barred by the statute of limitations and, accordingly, Counts I-II and IV-VII are barred for lack of standing and failure to satisfy requirements for initiating a consent solicitation; |
(f) | Respondents are otherwise barred from bringing a breach of fiduciary duty claim (Count VIII) because they failed to bring such claim derivatively and failed to make a pre-suit demand on CWH; |
(g) | Respondents have not incurred any recoverable damages and any damages they assert are due to their own conduct and failure to mitigate; |
(h) | Respondents Counterclaim is barred to the extent that it seeks relief that is outside the authority of the Panel to award or to which Respondents are not otherwise entitled; |
(i) | The Bylaws bar Respondents from recovering their attorneys fees and other costs; |
(j) | Respondents Counterclaim is barred by the doctrine of laches and unclean hands; |
(k) | CWH reserves the right to assert additional defenses. |
Respectfully submitted, |
/s/ George J. Skelly |
George J. Skelly J. Christopher Allen, Jr. Gregg A. Rubenstein Kurt M. Mullen Nixon Peabody LLP 100 Summer Street Boston, MA 02110 617-345-1000
-and- |
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/s/ Ward B. Coe, III | ||
Dated June 17, 2013 |
Ward B. Coe, III Peter E. Keith Rebecca C. Salsbury Gallagher Evelius & Jones LLP The Park Charles 218 N. Charles Street, Suite 400 Baltimore, MD 21201 410-727-7702
Attorneys for Claimant CommonWealth REIT |
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ANNEX III
CommonWealth Trustees Statement of Claims and Answer to Respondents Counterclaims
IN THE MATTER OF AN ARBITRATION BETWEEN
COMMONWEALTH REIT, BARRY M. PORTNOY, ADAM D. PORTNOY, JOSEPH L. MOREA, WILLIAM A. LAMKIN and FREDERICK N. ZEYTOONJIAN,
Claimants and Counterclaim Respondents,
and
REIT MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH LLC,
Claimant,
v.
CORVEX MANAGEMENT LP,
and
RELATED FUND MANAGEMENT, LLC,
Respondents and Counterclaimants. |
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THE COMMONWEALTH TRUSTEES STATEMENT OF CLAIMS
AND ANSWER TO RESPONDENTS COUNTERCLAIMS
The Trustees (the Trustees) of CommonWealth REIT (CWH) submit this Statement of Claims and Answer to Respondents Counterclaims (the Counterclaims) submitted to the Panel on May 30, 2013 by Corvex Management LP (Corvex) and Related Fund Management, LLC (Related, and together with Corvex, Corvex).
SUMMARY OF STATEMENT OF CLAIMS AND ANSWER
1. CWH is one of the nations largest publicly-held real estate investment trusts (REIT), and is organized under Marylands pre-eminent REIT law, MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS § 8-101 et seq. (the Maryland REIT Law). Maryland was the first state to adopt a REIT law, and now over fifty percent of publicly-traded REITs are formed in Maryland. Supporters of the Maryland REIT Law point to the flexibility it grants to REIT organizers in forming their own rules regarding the affairs of the REIT, as well as to the many provisions that protect an incumbent board and shareholders from hostile activity, as the reasons behind its overwhelming success.
2. For instance, the Maryland REIT Law requires that very little be included in a REITs declaration of trust. Rather, unlike corporations, almost all corporate governance provisions may be contained in the bylaws. Additionally, the trustees of a Maryland REIT have the exclusive power to adopt bylaws on behalf of the REIT and its shareholders.
3. Moreover, Marylands statutory Business Judgment Rule applies to all decisions made by the trustees of a REIT, and presumes that the trustees have met the duties imposed on them by Maryland law. Marylands legislature has also explicitly rejected any heightened duty on the part of directors or trustees responding to a threatened takeover. MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS § 2-405.1(f) (An act of a director relating to or affecting an acquisition or a potential acquisition of control of a corporation may not be subject to a higher duty or greater scrutiny than is applied to any other act of a director.); Shenker v. Laureate Educ., Inc., 983 A.2d 408, 427 (Md. 2009). Thus, Maryland law enables the trustees of a REIT to focus on creating long-term value for shareholders, and empowers them to respond to hostile threats made by corporate raiders whose goal is to generate short-term profits for themselves and other event-driven investors.
4. Since 2008, CWH and its Trustees have been implementing precisely the type of long-term business plan that is respected and protected under Maryland law. After weathering the financial crisis, CWH and its Trustees decided to divest suburban, industrial and other non-core properties, and to instead become primarily a holder of high quality central business district office buildings.
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5. As is often the case, pursuit of this long-term plan has negatively impacted short-term financial results, and attracted the attention of opportunistic investors who seek either to capture the value of the long-term plan for themselves or to extract other benefits by threatening to disrupt that plan. Here, those opportunists are Corvex and Related, two investors with a history of destroying long-term shareholder value solely for their own short-term benefits.
6. Corvex seeks to force a sale of CWH to the highest bidder, abandoning CWHs business plan (which has begun to bear fruit) in order to lock in a quick profit. One way Corvex hopes to achieve its goal is to place its own hand-picked trustees on CWHs Board of Trustees, effectively taking control of CWH without paying a control premium. Alternatively, Corvex hopes to threaten enough disruption, distraction, and other harm to CWH that the Trustees will capitulate to demands that benefit Corvex, at the expense of CWH and its other shareholders.
7. The first step of Corvexs plan was to drive CWH shares into the hands of arbitrageurs by announcing several illusory proposals to acquire CWH for a premium to its then trading price but at a substantial discount to the valuation Corvex previously published.
8. Having driven shares into the hands of friendly, event-driven investors, Corvex then falsely disclaimed a desire to take control of CWH and shifted its focus to a purported consent solicitation (the Consent Solicitation), by which Corvex purports to seek to remove without cause all of the Trustees from office. As Corvex knows, removal of all of the Trustees (even if legally possible) would leave CWH rudderless, cause multiple debt defaults, trigger highly dilutive preferred share conversion rights, and destroy shareholder value. But Corvex hopes that its removal threat will give it leverage, or that, if somehow the Trustees are actually all removed, Corvex will be able to step into the vacuum and effectively take control of CWHs management without paying a control premium. As the Trustees will show, the Consent Solicitation is legally invalid.
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9. CWHs Declaration of Trust gives the Trustees the exclusive power to set record dates for actions by written consent, and makes clear that the Trustees are not obliged to exercise that power. Moreover, pursuant to Maryland law, CWHs Trustees have the exclusive power to adopt and amend its bylaws (the Bylaws).
10. Like most public companies, CWH has advance notice bylaws that establish requirements for shareholders seeking to nominate a trustee, propose other business, or seek a record date for an action by written consent (the Advance Notice Bylaws, which include the Record Date Bylaws and Informational Requirements, as defined below). The Advance Notice Bylaws, which were adopted by the Trustees on a clear day, years before Corvex began covertly purchasing shares in January 2013 and directing hostile overtures to CWH, are designed to ensure that CWH and its Trustees have adequate notice of and information regarding any proposal including important information about the persons making the proposal so that they can respond to the proposal in the interests of CWH and all its shareholders.
11. The Advance Notice Bylaws also benefit CWH and its shareholders by limiting the power to invoke the expensive machinery of the nomination, proposal, or written consent process to shareholders with a demonstrated long-term interest in the REIT. The Advance Notice Bylaws do not destroy the right of CWH shareholders to act by written consent. Rather, they simply ensure that any such action is initiated by a shareholder or shareholders who have the Companys long-term prospects in mind.
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12. Corvex concedes that it has failed to satisfy many of the requirements set forth in the Advance Notice Bylaws. Among other things, Corvex admits that it has not owned at least 3% of CWHs shares continuously for three years. And, as revealed in Corvexs motion to compel, Corvex made no attempt to comply even with the routine Informational Requirements set forth in the Advance Notice Bylaws.
13. Corvex has attempted to proceed with its unlawful Consent Solicitation notwithstanding these clear defects. Since it first went public with its hostile takeover attempt on February 26, 2013, Corvex has made serial false and misleading statements in violation of applicable Maryland law and the federal securities laws. These include, but are not limited to, the true purpose of its Consent Solicitation, and its proposed plans for the future of CWHs business if its Consent Solicitation is successful.
14. To garner additional support for its Consent Solicitation, Corvex also has excoriated the Trustees publicly by claiming that they have engaged in a series of self-dealing transactions. These claims are frivolous. In its Counterclaims, Corvex does not allege a single fact showing that any of the Independent Trustees were not independent or somehow stood to benefit personally from any of the transactions Corvex now challenges.
15. Among other things, Corvexs ongoing challenge to the Trustees decision to approve an approximately $700 million equity offering in February 2013 (the Equity Offering), after months of deliberation by the Trustees, is meritless. Judge Denise J. Casper of the Massachusetts federal court denied Corvexs attempt to enjoin the Equity Offering, and rejected its characterization of the Equity Offering as an entrenchment scheme. Rather, Judge Casper found that the purpose of the [equity] offering is to increase the debt stability of CommonWealth and the offering had been planned for several months in an attempt to avoid a possible credit agency downgrade, which would increase the cost of future borrowing.
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16. Corvexs claims with respect to CWHs management agreements with Reit Management & Research LLC (RMR) are equally baseless. Corvex admits that CWH has no employees of its own and relies on RMR for all of its management services. Corvex complains about the management fees paid to RMR for these services, but alleges no facts suggesting that the management fees paid by CWH to RMR were above market for other comparable, publicly-traded REITs, or that those management fees are greater than the expenses CWH would incur if it hired its own employees to perform all of the services that RMR performs. Indeed, for all its public outrage, Corvexs allegations of self-dealing boil down to a few paragraphs that simply list the publicly-disclosed fees paid by CWH (and other RMR-managed entities of which Corvex is not even a shareholder) to RMR, followed by a conclusory statement that such fees somehow created misaligned incentives because CWHs short-term stock price did not reflect the strides being made with its long-term business plan.
17. Corvexs hostile takeover campaign will benefit only itself, to the detriment of CWH and its other shareholders.
THE PARTIES
A. CWH
18. CWH was founded in 1986 and became publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange as a REIT that owned healthcare-related properties. During the 1990s, CWH transformed itself into an office REIT by selling healthcare assets and buying office buildings. More recently, CWH has pursued a plan to focus more narrowly on office buildings in central business districts (CBDs). As a result of its ongoing business plan, CWHs portfolio has become increasingly concentrated in office buildings located in CBDs of major metropolitan markets. CWHs stock is included in a number of financial indices, including the Russell 1000, the MSCI US REIT Index, S&P REIT Composite Index and the FTSE EPRA/NAREIT United States Index.
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19. Over the course of the years since its founding, CWH formed four subsidiary REITs that it eventually took public: Hospitality Properties Trust (HPT), a REIT that owns hotels and travel centers; Senior Housing Properties Trust (SNH), a REIT that primarily owns senior living communities; Government Properties Income Trust (GOV), a REIT that primarily owns buildings that are majority leased to government tenants and Select Income REIT (SIR), a REIT focused on owning and investing in net leased, single tenant properties.
20. Under Marylands REIT Law, CWHs affairs are governed by a Declaration of Trust and Bylaws. Pursuant to its Declaration of Trust, CWHs business is overseen by a Board of Trustees consisting of two Managing Trustees and three Independent Trustees.
21. CWH, like many other REITs, has no employees or internal management of its own. Rather, it has entered into a management agreement with RMR, which manages its day-to-day affairs.
22. RMRs agreements to manage CWH are reviewed and approved annually by the Independent Trustees after careful consideration that includes a comprehensive review of management fees paid by comparable, publicly-traded REITs, or comparable internal costs incurred by internally-managed REITs. This external management structure is highly beneficial for CWHs shareholders. Among other things, it creates greater economies of scale and synergy capture, which results in substantial cost savings that are passed on to CWHs shareholders.
B. RMR
23. RMR is a real estate management company that was founded in 1986 by Barry Portnoy. Since that time, RMR has experienced extraordinary growth under the leadership of Barry Portnoy and Adam Portnoy, growing assets under management from under $100 million to more than $23 billion. RMR currently has more than 800 employees and manages companies with over 50,000 employees.
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24. Although Corvex falsely claims that the fees paid by CWH and other RMR-managed entities benefit Barry Portnoy and Adam Portnoy to the detriment of the shareholders, the annual management fee paid by CWH to RMR is at, or below, the average industry general and administrative expenses for comparable publicly-traded, internally-managed REITs. In return for fees paid, CWH obtains the benefit of more than 800 RMR employees who play an integral role in managing CWH, including the day-to-day operations of its many properties across the United States and in Australia.
C. The Trustees
25. CWHs Managing Trustees are Barry Portnoy and Adam Portnoy.
26. Barry Portnoy is a founder of both RMR and CWH. He has served as one of CWHs Managing Trustees since its inception in 1986. Prior to devoting his full time to RMR in 1997, Mr. Portnoy was a Partner and served as Chairman of the law firm of Sullivan & Worcester LLP. As a lawyer and businessman, Barry Portnoy has structured, negotiated and documented over $20 billion of real estate transactions over a 30 year period.
27. Adam Portnoy has been the President of CWH since 2011 and served as one of its Managing Trustees since 2006. He is also President and CEO of RMR. Adam Portnoy currently serves on the Board of Governors for the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (NAREIT). Before 2003, Mr. Portnoy held positions as an investment banker and venture capitalist with the International Finance Corporation, a member of the World Bank Group, ABN AMRO, and Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette.
28. The Independent Trustees are Joseph L. Morea, William A. Lamkin and Frederick N. Zeytoonjian.
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29. Mr. Morea has been an Independent Trustee since 2012 and is a member of the Boards Audit, Compensation and Nominating and Governance Committees. Mr. Morea was Vice Chairman, Managing Director and Head of US Equity Markets for RBC Capital Markets, an international investment bank, from 2003 until 2012. Previously, he served as Head of US Investment Banking for RBC Capital Markets and held senior level positions with UBS, Inc., PaineWebber, Inc., and Smith Barney, Inc.
30. Mr. Lamkin has served as an Independent Trustee since 2006. Mr. Lamkin is Chairman of the Boards Audit Committee, as well as a member of the Boards Nominating and Governance Committee and Compensation Committee. Mr. Lamkin also serves on the Boards of HPT and SIR, which are also managed by RMR. Mr. Lamkin is currently a partner in Ackrell Capital LLC, an investment bank, and Ackrell & Company, an investment advisory firm. Mr. Lamkin has experience as a financial consultant and previously held positions as a banker with large investment banks.
31. Mr. Zeytoonjian has served as an Independent Trustee since 1999. Mr. Zeytoonjian is Chairman of the Boards Compensation Committee, as well as a member of the Boards Audit Committee and Nominating and Governance Committee. Mr. Zeytoonjian also serves on the Board of SNH, which is also managed by RMR. Mr. Zeytoonjian is the founder, Chairman and CEO of Turf Products LLC, one the largest distributors of lawn care equipment in the United States.
D. Corvex, Related, And Their Principals
32. Corvex, an activist hedge fund founded by a disciple of Carl Icahn, and Related, a real estate investor, allegedly have acquired 10,875,500 shares (or 9.19%) of CWH collectively since January 16, 2013. They are also working closely with at least three other activist hedge funds: Luxor Capital Group, LP (Luxor), which, along with its affiliates, beneficially owned
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approximately 4.71% of CWHs shares as of April 22, 2013; Perry Corp. (Perry), which, along with its affiliates, beneficially owned approximately 5.49% of CWHs shares as of April 30, 2013; and Marcato Capital Management LLC (Marcato), which purported to beneficially own approximately 3.1% of CWHs shares as of June 14, 2013.
33. Despite Corvexs numerous public statements that its goal is to create long-term shareholder value, its recent history belies any such notion. Indeed, Corvex and Related (and each of their affiliates) have a troublesome history of managing public companies only for their private benefit.
34. For example, Jeff Blau, the principal of Related, is also the CEO of the Related Companies, a real estate developer. While an officer of the Related Companies, Mr. Blau also served as Chairman, CEO and a Managing Trustee of American Mortgage Acceptance Company (AMAC), a publicly owned mortgage REIT. During Mr. Blaus tenure at AMAC, AMAC funded loans to affiliates of the Related Companies, including two large loans to development projects in Aspen, Colorado and Phoenix, Arizona, which subsequently defaulted and became worthless. Shortly thereafter, AMAC ceased operations and filed for bankruptcy. AMACs shareholders lost all of their value through the bankruptcy, but the Related Companies never repaid the loans.
35. Mr. Blau and Stephen Ross (the chairman of the Related companies), while officers of the Related Companies, also served as Managing Trustees on the board of Centerline Holding Company (f/k/a Charter Municipal Mortgage Acceptance Company, or CharterMac), a publicly owned real estate finance company. Centerline/CharterMac also provided financing directly and indirectly to affiliates of the Related Companies. During Mr. Blaus and Mr. Rosss combined tenure at Centerline/CharterMac from 2003 until they departed that board in 2009, shareholder value declined by 97.7%.
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36. Keith Meister, the Founder and Managing Partner of Corvex, has an equally troubling history with publicly-traded real estate companies. In January 2007, for example, Mr. Meister and his former employer, Icahn Group, acquired a 14.6% ownership in WCI Communities, Inc. (WCI), a publicly owned real estate development company. Just like here, Mr. Meister and his colleagues criticized WCI management and stated that Icahn Groups goal was to change management and enhance shareholder value. They did no such thing.
37. In March 2007, Mr. Meister and his colleagues launched a tender offer for WCI at $22.00 per share. The tender offer was subsequently withdrawn and Mr. Meister began a proxy contest for control of WCI. By August 2007, Mr. Meister and his colleagues were elected to the WCI Board and assumed effective control of WCI. Within approximately one year after Mr. Meister was elected to the WCI Board, WCI was forced into bankruptcy and all WCI shareholder value was lost.
38. Messrs. Meister and Blaus hostile takeover of CWH promises more of the same. In its scorched-earth campaign to acquire control of CWH, Corvex, Related and their principals have made serial false and misleading statements to multiple courts, the public markets, and worst of all, thousands of CWH shareholders. Corvexs attempted hostile takeover in the form of the Consent Solicitation is illegal, inequitable, and should be enjoined.
CWH WEATHERS THE FINANCIAL CRISIS
AND IMPLEMENTS A NEW BUSINESS PLAN
39. For several years since the height of the financial crisis, CWH has been implementing a business plan to divest its suburban and industrial properties, and focus its future investments on CBD office buildings. This comprehensive plan includes the following:
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(a) | Creating new real estate investment trusts into which the most desirable suburban and industrial properties owned by CWH could be sold; |
(b) | Selling its suburban office and industrial properties which had leasing challenges and which CWH believed had weaker future prospects than those transferred to the new REITs; and |
(c) | Reinvesting the proceeds received from the creation of the new REITs and from sales of suburban and industrial properties into CBD office buildings. |
40. Although CWHs management has been continuously implementing this plan, the direct sale program of less desirable suburban and industrial properties has lagged behind, and produced less proceeds than previously anticipated. As a result, CWHs debt-to-equity ratios increased and its fixed charge coverage ratio decreased to the point where its credit ratings teetered just above junk status. By late 2012, rating agencies informed the Trustees that CWH would be downgraded by mid-2013 if it did not raise significant amounts of equity capital and repay some of its debt.
41. CWH has maintained an investment grade rating since 1994, and that rating remains critically important to its continued business success. As a REIT, CWH is required to distribute at least 90% of its earnings as dividends to shareholders. In fact, almost all REITs pay out 100% of their earnings and some additional cash flow in order to increase their dividends and attract investors. Because REITs do not and cannot retain their earnings, REITs must maintain regular access to the equity and debt capital markets to repay their debts, fund their working capital requirements, and make their investments.
42. With an investment grade credit rating, CWH has financial flexibility to access capital on an expedited basis to carry out its long term business plan. For example, CWHs investment-grade credit rating allows it to submit bids for CBD properties without mortgage financing contingencies, a distinct competitive advantage. CWHs investment-grade credit rating also benefits CWHs day-to-day business activities by allowing it to negotiate favorable
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lease terms with potential tenants tenants who frequently require significant commitments from the landlords for build out and otherwise. In addition, if CWH lost its investment grade rating, the interest rates on its floating rate debt would increase and adversely affect its ability to issue new debt and repay maturing debt.
CWHS NEED TO RAISE EQUITY AND
REDUCE DEBT THROUGH AN EQUITY OFFERING
43. By late December 2012, the Trustees became increasingly concerned that CWH would lose its investment grade ratings by mid-2013 if it failed to raise significant amounts of equity capital to repay some of its debt. Around this time, CWH began discussions with various investment banks about the possibility of a large equity issuance by CWH, with proceeds to be applied to debt repayments. CWH, its counsel, and the investment banks began earnest consideration of a possible equity offering well before Corvex covertly began accumulating CWH shares on January 16, 2013.
44. On February 23, 2013, the Trustees met to review the 2012 year-end results, which were to be filed with the SEC on Monday, February 25, 2013. After extensive discussion about risks and benefits of an offering, the Trustees authorized the launch of the Equity Offering. The Equity Offering was announced the morning of February 25, 2013, along with the filing of CWHs annual report.
45. Within seventy-two hours, the Equity Offering was oversubscribed by more than four times, according to Corvexs own court filings. Indeed, contrary to Corvexs numerous public statements that CWH is uninvestable, the Equity Offering marked the fourth time in recent years that CWH raised capital through an oversubscribed debt or equity offering.
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CORVEX LAUNCHES ITS PUBLIC CAMPAIGN TO
TAKEOVER CWH AND ENJOIN THE EQUITY OFFERING
46. The morning after CWH announced the Equity Offering, on February 26, 2013, Corvex publicly disclosed for the first time that it owned 9.75% of CWHs common shares, a position it had secretly accumulated through open market purchases beginning in January 2013. In its initial public disclosure, Corvex was coy, stating that it intend[s] to have conversations, meetings and other communications with the management and board of trustees of [CWH], shareholders and other persons, in each case to discuss [CWHs] business, strategies, and other matters . . . . But a public message of a new desire to engage with management would not have served Corvexs goals, which required something more dramatic to encourage short-term hedge funds and arbitrageurs to buy CWH shares. So just a few hours later, Corvex announced its purported willingness to buy all outstanding shares of CWH for $25 per share, though financing for such an offer was not disclosed and later proved illusory.
47. Two days later, on March 1, 2013, only after excoriating the Trustees in the press for refusing to terminate the Equity Offering and instead accept its low-ball, unfinanced offer (which, according to their own proposal letter, undervalued CWH by at least $15 per share), and only after first filing in the Maryland courts in a clear attempt at forum-shopping, Corvex filed a second Complaint and an emergency motion for a temporary restraining order (TRO) to enjoin the Equity Offering in Massachusetts federal court. On March 4, 2013, after briefing and oral argument, the court denied Corvexs motion for a TRO, finding as follows:
| Corvex (and the plaintiff in a related action) had failed to establish any of the four elements required to obtain a TRO: no likelihood of success on the merits, no irreparable harm, no balance of the equities, and no harm to the public. Corvex v. CommonWealth REIT, C.A. No. 13-CV-10475, slip op. at 5 (D. Mass. Mar. 4, 2013). |
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| Corvexs claim challenging the Equity Offering was a state law claim governed by Maryland law. (Id. at 6-7) The statutory business judgment rule that governs here is codified under the Maryland code at section 2-405.1(e), [a]n act of a director of a corporation is presumed to satisfy the standards of subsection (a) of th[at] section that is, that a director shall perform his duties in good faith, in a manner he or she believes, reasonably believes to be in the best interests of a corporation, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under those circumstances. (Id. at 7-8) |
| Given this presumption under Maryland law in regards to the business judgment rule and presumption . . ., theres a particular finding that anyone challenging those actions needs to make. (Id. at 7-8) |
| [H]ere have been legitimate business reasons offered for the action taken by the defendants in making the equity offering and the [debt] tender offer. (Id. at 9) |
| Defendants had offered substantial evidence in response to Corvexs eleventh hour TRO showing, among other things, that the purpose of the offering is to increase the debt stability of CommonWealth and the offering had been planned for several months in an attempt to avoid a possible credit agency downgrade, which would increase the cost of future borrowing. (Id. at 10) |
| For all of the reasons based on the record now before me, I cant say that the Corvexs have shown a likelihood of success on the breach of fiduciary duty claim in regards to the timing, structuring, or execution of the equity offer or the tender offer. (Id. at 12) |
48. The Equity Offering closed the following morning, March 5, 2013, as scheduled.
CORVEX CONTINUES WITH ITS UNLAWFUL TAKEOVER CAMPAIGN
49. Undeterred by Judge Caspers holding that Corvexs claims had no likelihood of success, Corvex continued its campaign to acquire control of CWH without paying a control premium.
50. On March 12, 2013, just one week after the Equity Offering closed, Corvex published a letter to the Independent Trustees requesting, among other things, to meet with them about Corvexs public proposal to unlock shareholder value. Once again, Corvex publicly masked its true intentions.
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51. On the morning of March 13, 2013, before the market opened and the Independent Trustees could respond to Corvexs letter, Corvex filed a Preliminary Consent Solicitation Statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), seeking to remove the entire Board of Trustees without cause.
52. Two days later, on March 15, 2013, Corvex returned to the Maryland state court, filing an amended complaint seeking, among other things, a declaration that certain Bylaws that limited the right to seek a record date to commence the process of removing trustees by written consent to those shareholders who had held at least $2,000 in market value, or 1% of CWHs common shares for at least one year (the $2,000/1-year Bylaw), and a subsequently adopted bylaw that raised the threshold holding requirements to a shareholder or group of shareholders who had held at least 3% of CWHs shares continuously for at least three years (the 3%/3-year Bylaw) (collectively, the Record Date Bylaws), were invalid under Maryland law. The same day, Corvex filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment, asking the court to find the Record Date Bylaws invalid.
53. Corvexs authority for this motion was not any provision of Marylands preeminent REIT Law, or even CWHs governing documents. Rather, Corvex alleged that the Record Date Bylaws were invalid because they had the effect of limiting, impairing, or destroying the shareholders right to remove the trustees without cause at any time. To this day, Corvex has not cited a single case applying such a standard.
54. On March 26, 2013, Adam Portnoy and Barry Portnoy met with Keith Meister and Jeff Blau to better understand the actions that Corvex requested CWH take. No agreements were achieved at this meeting. Two days later, Corvex again made clear that it had no interest in working constructively with CWHs Trustees and management to maximize long-term value for the shareholders. On March 28, 2013, Corvex sent a letter to the Trustees which, among other things, purported to offer to enter into negotiations to acquire CWH for $24.50 per share.
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55. This offer was $15 less than the purported intrinsic value of $40 per share publicly estimated by Corvex, and half of what Corvex publicly claimed CWH would be worth by the end of 2014.
56. Moreover, Corvexs offer letter explicitly threatened the Trustees that if they did not agree to sell CWH to Corvex on Corvexs proposed terms, Corvex would proceed with its unlawful Consent Solicitation to attempt to remove all of the Trustees. Corvexs letter failed to explain how it would finance such an acquisition, or identify the individuals it intended to support for appointment to the Board of Trustees if its Consent Solicitation succeeds.
57. On April 9, 2013, Adam Portnoy, Barry Portnoy, Joe Morea, and CWHs financial advisors from Bank of America Merrill Lynch met with Keith Meister, Jeff Blau, Richard OToole, and representatives of Corvexs financial advisors, in a good faith effort to address the issues raised in Corvexs letters to the Board of Trustees. Once again, no agreements were reached at this meeting as it became clear that, absent a sale to Corvex on Corvexs terms, Corvex intended to proceed with its unlawful Consent Solicitation.
58. On April 10, 2013, Corvex publicly filed its definitive Consent Solicitation Statement.
CORVEXS DEFICIENT RECORD DATE DEMAND
59. On April 12, 2013, in connection with its unlawful Consent Solicitation, Corvex delivered to CWH and the Trustees a cover letter enclosing other letters from Corvex Master Fund L.P. (Corvex Fund), another purported shareholder named David R. Johnson, and Cede & Co., demanding that the Trustees fix a record date for its unlawful Consent Solicitation. None
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of these letters made any good faith effort to comply with the Informational Requirements. Corvex and its counsel apparently believed it sufficient merely to attach their various public filings to the record date demand, with the expectation that CWH and its Trustees would comb through more than 700 single-spaced pages and speculate as to what Corvex might have said, had Corvex actually complied with the Informational Requirements.
60. In a letter dated April 18, 2013, CWH explained that while it had not completed its review of the record date demands, the record date demands appeared to be invalid for at least the following reasons:
| Corvex Fund had failed to provide evidence that Corvex Fund, any affiliated person, or any combination thereof, has owned three percent of CWHs shares for three years as required by the CWH Bylaws; |
| Corvexs Consent Solicitation Statement enclosed with its record date demand seeks to remove CWHs entire Board of Trustees without cause, in violation of the Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act; and |
| The share certificate provided by Corvex Fund was for only 2,500 shares, and it was unclear whether the share certificate represented all of the shares owned by Corvex Fund as required by the CWH Bylaws. |
61. CWH invited Corvex to provide more information regarding its share ownership, to present a consent that was based upon some alleged cause to remove the Trustees, or to make other corrections.
62. Corvex refused to comply with these requests. Instead, on April 22, 2013, Corvex conceded in a one-page letter that it had failed to meet both the 3%/3-year and other notice requirements, but categorically reject[ed] the Trustees request for additional information concerning its holding requirements and consent solicitation, and claimed without citation that [a]s you know, each of the purported bylaw requirements is invalid and unenforceable as a matter of law . . . .
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63. Corvex threatened that if the Trustees refused to set a record date that same day, April 22, 2013, then it was Corvexs position that the record date to determine the shareholders entitled to act by written consent pursuant to the Consent Solicitation was April 22, 2013. Corvexs letter did not challenge any provision of the Informational Requirements, nor did it purport to satisfy each of them. Nor did Corvex ever challenge the validity of or even mention the Informational Requirements.
64. The Trustees promptly responded to Corvexs April 22 letter. On April 25, 2013, counsel for the Trustees informed Corvexs counsel that in light of Corvexs concession in its letter that it had failed to comply with the Advance Notice Bylaws in at least some respects, the Trustees were suspending their consideration of the demands. The Trustees also disputed Corvexs claim that the Trustees refusal to set a record date by April 22, 2013 would result in the de facto setting of April 22 as the record date. As the Trustees counsel stated, [t]hat fiction is legally meaningless, and your continued assertion of that fiction can only mislead CWHs shareholders and cause CWH to incur unnecessary expense.
65. Until a meet-and-confer two days before the initial scheduling conference with this Panel, Corvex never asked CWH or the Trustees for a list of defects in Corvexs record date demand. If Corvex did not fully understand the requirements of CWHs Bylaws, it never let on.
66. Nevertheless, since April 25, 2013, Corvex has abandoned any pretense of attempting to satisfy the Record Date Bylaws and Informational Requirements. Corvex has, however, proceeded with its Consent Solicitation, premised on the legal fiction that April 22, 2013 is a valid record date. Using this fiction, Corvex purports to solicit written consents from persons who are no longer shareholders of CWH, or who have dramatically reduced their holdings, and then proclaims that it has received shareholder support for its solicitation, even though many such supporters may no longer be shareholders.
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67. There has been massive turnover in CWH shares since Corvexs fictional record date. CWH has approximately 118 million shares outstanding. The average daily trading volume from April 22, 2013 to June 3, 2013 was 2,062,600 shares per day, with spikes in trading occurring on May 3, 2013 (the day of oral argument before the Maryland Circuit Court on Corvexs motion to stay arbitration and motion for partial summary judgment) and on May 9, 2013 (the day after the Maryland Circuit Court issued its opinion and order denying Corvexs motions). Also, SEC filings by certain arbitrageurs (who have publicly stated their support for Corvexs actions) have made it clear that CWH shares are rapidly trading hands. In total, over 65 million shares of CWH more than half of the number of outstanding shares have traded since April 22, 2013. Many of these Corvex-friendly traders being asked by Corvex to give their consent to remove the Trustees are no longer shareholders at all and their interests are not aligned with the long-term interests of CWH and its long-term shareholders.
CORVEX HAS FAILED TO SATISFY THE VALID
RECORD DATE BYLAWS AND INFORMATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
A. The Record Date Bylaws
68. The Maryland REIT Law empowers the Trustees to [m]ake and alter bylaws not inconsistent with law or with its declaration of trust to regulate the government of the real estate investment trust and the administration of its affairs. MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS § 8-301(11). And unlike Delaware corporate law, the Maryland REIT Law gives shareholders no right to adopt or amend bylaws unless the declaration of trust provides otherwise. MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS § 8-301. Here, the CWH Declaration of Trust gives the Trustees the exclusive power to adopt and amend the Bylaws. (Decl. of Trust § 3.3) Moreover, it gives these
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Trustees full, absolute and exclusive power, control and authority over the Trust Estate. (Decl. of Trust § 3.1) And Section 3.1 of the Declaration of Trust states: In construing the provisions of the Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of the grant of powers and authority to the Trustees. (Id.)
69. Section 6.12 of the Declaration of Trust addresses the fixing of record dates for various events, including for shareholder actions by written consent. It provides that [t]he Bylaws may provide for fixing or, in the absence of such provision, the Trustees may fix, in advance, a date as the record date for determining the Shareholders entitled . . . to express consent to any proposal without a meeting . . . or for any other purpose. (Decl. of Trust, § 6.12 (emphasis added)) The Declaration of Trust does not require that the Bylaws or the Trustees ever fix a record date for action by written consent, under any circumstances.
70. CWHs Bylaws govern the setting of a record date for shareholder action by written consent. Pursuant to their broad powers under Marylands REIT law and the CWH Declaration of Trust, the Trustees adopted the Record Date Bylaws more than four years ago, on February 25, 2009. (HRPT Properties Trust, Amended and Restated Bylaws (Feb. 25, 2009))1 Specifically, Section 2.14.1(a) of the Bylaws provided in part:
Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Trustees and the proposal of other business to be considered by the shareholders at an annual meeting of shareholders may be properly brought before the meeting (i) pursuant to the trusts notice of meeting or otherwise properly brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Trustees or (ii) by any shareholder of the Trust who (A) has continuously held at least $2000 in market value, or 1%, of the Trusts shares entitled to vote at the meeting on such election or the proposal for other business, as the case may be, for at least one year from the date such shareholder gives the notice provided for in this Section 2.14.1 . . . and continuously holds such shares through and including the time of the annual meeting (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), (B) is a
1 | HRPT became CWH through a name change approved by the Trustees in June 2010. |
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shareholder of record at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.14.1 through and including the time of the annual meeting (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), (C) is entitled to make nominations or propose other business and to vote at the meeting on such election, or the proposal for other business, as the case may be and (D) complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.14 as to such nomination or other business. Section 2.14.1(a)(ii) shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or propose other business before an annual meeting of shareholders, except to the extent of matters which are required to be presented to shareholders by applicable law which have been properly presented in accordance with the requirements of such law.
(Bylaws § 2.14 (Feb. 25, 2009) (emphasis added)) In addition, Section 2.15 provided in part that [n]o shareholder may make a Consent Record Date Request unless such shareholder (i) complies with the requirements set forth in Section 2.14.1(a)(ii)(A) . . . .2
71. On January 10, 2012, the Trustees adopted Amended and Restated Bylaws. The amendments increased the ownership percentage necessary to nominate individuals to the Board of Trustees, as well as the length of time during which those shares were required to be held, but permitted shareholders to aggregate their shares to meet the test. Specifically, Section 2.14.1(b) now provides:
Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Trustees at an annual meeting of shareholders may be properly brought before the meeting (i) pursuant to the trusts notice of meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Trustees or (ii) by any one or more shareholders of the Trust who (A)(1) at the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section 2.14.1, individually or in the aggregate, hold at least 3% of the Trusts shares of beneficial interest entitled to
2 | Corvexs challenge to the Record Date Bylaw adopted in February 2009 (and any other Bylaw adopted before March 2010) is barred by the three-year statute of limitations. MD. CODE ANN., CTS. & JUD. PROC. § 5-101 (A civil action at law shall be filed within three years from the date it accrues . . . .). Under Maryland law, a cause of action accrues when: (1) the legally operative facts permitting the filing of a claim come into existence; and (2) the claimant has notice of the nature and cause of his or her injury. See Miller v. Pacific Shore Funding, 224 F. Supp. 2d 977, 986 (D. Md. 2002), affd, No. 03-1029, 2004 WL 144138 (4th Cir. January 28, 2004), cited with approval in Moreland v. Aetna U.S. Healthcare, Inc., 152 Md. App. 288, 297 (2003); see also Kumar v. Dhana, 198 Md. App. 337, 342 (2011) (finding that cause of action begins to accrue on the date of the wrong), affd, 426 Md. 185 (2012). |
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vote at the meeting on such election and have held such shares continuously for at least three years, and (2) continuously hold such shares through and including the time of the annual meeting (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), (B) are each a shareholder of record of the Trust at the time of giving the notice provided for in this Section 2.14.1 through and including the time of the annual meeting (including any adjournment or postponement thereof), (C) are each entitled to make nominations and to vote at the meeting on such election and (D) comply with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.14.1 as to such nomination. Section 2.14.1(b)(ii) shall be the exclusive means for any shareholder to make nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Trustees.
(Bylaws § 2.14 (Jan. 10, 2012) (emphasis added))3
72. On March 1, 2013, the Trustees amended Section 3.14 of the Bylaws to clarify that a shareholder seeking a record date for an action by written consent to remove one or more Trustees must comply with the same Bylaw requirements as a shareholder nominating an individual for election to the Board of Trustees. Specifically, Section 3.14 provides:
A Trustee may be removed at any time (a) with or without cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares representing two-thirds of the total votes authorized to be cast by shares then outstanding and entitled to vote thereon, voting as a single class, at a meeting of shareholders properly called for that purpose or (b) with cause by the affirmative vote of all remaining Trustees. For the avoidance of doubt, any shareholder seeking to take action at a meeting of shareholders or by written consent to remove one or more Trustees shall comply with all of the requirements in ARTICLE II applicable to a shareholder seeking to nominate an individual for election to the Board of Trustees.
(Bylaws § 3.14)
73. None of the Record Date Bylaws restricts any vote by CWHs shareholders for nominees who have been duly nominated in accordance with the Record Date Bylaws, or the right of shareholders to consent to the removal of one or more Trustees.
3 |
Section 2.14.1(b) clearly provides that holdings may be aggregate[d] for purposes of determining whether a shareholder or group of shareholders has met the requirements. |
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74. Moreover, Corvexs Schedule 13D (and subsequent filings) make clear that it purchased its interest in CWH beginning on January 16, 2013, nearly four years after CWH first adopted Record Date Bylaws, and a year after CWH had increased to three years the period during which shares must be owned in order to nominate individuals to the Board of Trustees, make proposals, or seek a record date.
B. The Informational Requirements
75. CWHs Bylaws also include a provision requiring that any shareholder seeking to nominate individuals to the Board of Trustees must also provide advance notice to CWH that contains specified information about, among other things, the shareholder, its holdings, its affiliates, and its purposes (the Informational Requirements). (Bylaws § 2.14.1(d)) Because the Informational Requirements are included in the requirements set forth in Section 2.14.1, Section 2.15(a) requires that a shareholder requesting a record date to take action by written consent also comply with the Informational Requirements.
76. There is nothing unusual about the Informational Requirements. Indeed, the other public companies which Corvexs principals, Messrs. Meister and Mr. Blau, serve or have served as board members have such bylaw provisions. The same is true of thousands of other publicly traded entities, which institute these provisions because they promote good firm governance by ensuring that directors or trustees have the information necessary to fully consider any proposal and evaluate the shareholders that propose it. Such disclosure requirements also pull back the veil of secrecy from any contracts, arrangements, or understandings among shareholders and other parties.
77. Tellingly, after more than three months of litigation, Corvex has failed to identify in its Counterclaims or its Motion to Compel which Informational Requirements it contends are reasonable, and which provisions are purportedly exceedingly complex, ambiguous, and sometimes contradictory. (Counterclaims ¶¶ 3.17; 7.1-7.5) Instead, without having made any good faith attempt to comply with the Informational Requirements, Corvex blithely claims that whatever Bylaw it failed to comply with must have been invalid.
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78. As explained above, the Record Date Bylaws and Informational Requirements were validly adopted and are enforceable under Maryland law. Because Corvex has failed to satisfy each of these requirements, its Consent Solicitation is unlawful, and should be enjoined.
THE TRUSTEES CANNOT BE REMOVED WITHOUT CAUSE
79. In addition to failing to satisfy the requirements set forth in the Advance Notice Bylaws, Corvexs Consent Solicitation is unlawful because it seeks to remove all of the Trustees without cause. Such action is prohibited by the Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act, MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS, § 3-801, et seq. (the MUTA). In 1999, the Maryland legislature enacted the MUTA to empower boards of Maryland corporations and REITs to adopt certain takeover defenses that would force a potential acquirer to negotiate with the board for a fair price by empowering a target board to just say no.
80. Since its enactment, the Trustees have from time to time opted into various provisions of the MUTA. In 2000, for example, the Trustees opted into separate provisions that prevent a hostile bidder from packing a target board with its own hand-picked nominees, and thereby overriding the incumbent boards ability to resist its takeover attempt. MD. CODE ANN., CORPS. & ASSNS, § 3-804(b) (providing that the number of directors of a corporation [or REIT] shall be fixed only by vote of the board of directors); § 3-804(c) (providing that [e]ach vacancy on the board of directors of a corporation [or REIT] may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum).
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81. On April 12, 2013, in response to Corvexs hostile takeover threat, the Trustees elected to be subject to the provisions of Section 3-803 of the MUTA. Section 3-803 of the MUTA enables the trustees of a Maryland REIT to create a staggered board structure, in which the trustees serve three year terms and only a third of the trustees are elected in any given year, even if the declaration of trust contained any contrary provisions. The Trustees election was significant. Although CWH has maintained a classified board since 1986, the Trustees decision to stagger its board under Section 3-803 ensured that the Trustees could not be removed without cause, notwithstanding a contrary provision in its Declaration of Trust or Bylaws. As the Trustees will show, permitting shareholders to remove trustees without cause would be inconsistent with the purpose and function of the staggered board contemplated by an election to be governed by Section 3-803. Thus, Corvex is wrong when it claims that the Trustees election into Section 3-803 has no effect on its ability to remove all of the Trustees without cause.
CORVEXS CONSENT SOLICITATION IS FALSE
AND MISLEADING AND SHOULD BE ENJOINED, AND
ANY CONSENTS CORVEX COLLECTS SHOULD BE INVALIDATED
82. In addition to failing to satisfy the Advance Notice Bylaws, Corvex should be enjoined from proceeding any further with its Consent Solicitation because it is based on numerous false and misleading statements and partial disclosures. Most significantly, Corvex has never disclosed that it is attempting to steal control of CWH through removal of CWHs Board of Trustees, without having to pay CWH shareholders a control premium.
83. As the first step in this plan, Corvex publicly claimed that it wanted to buy all CWH shares for $25.00 per share, which it then bumped to $27.00 per share. Corvexs illusory offers achieved its goal of drawing CWH shares out of the hands of long-term investors and into the hands of short-term arbitrageurs. In the ensuing months, as it waged a public campaign
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against the Trustees, Corvex backed off its offer when it perceived that its Consent Solicitation might succeed. Indeed, just days after informing this Panel in a teleconference that it would have the requisite number of shares to succeed in its Consent Solicitation, Corvex privately reneged on its public offer to buy all CWH shares, and it has omitted from its Consent Solicitation website any reference to these offers (including in its index of press releases, where several press releases are conspicuously missing).
84. In a private letter to the Indiana Department of Insurance dated May 28, 2013, Corvex stated that it had no present intent to acquire all of the outstanding shares of CWH, stating:
Corvex and Related have no plans to exercise or acquire control of CommonWealth. Although Corvex and Related made an acquisition proposal to CommonWealths board of trustees in February 2013 as an alternative to a highly dilutive equity offering sponsored by the board and Messrs. Portnoy, the CommonWealth board rejected such proposal and went ahead to complete their proposed equity offering. In addition, Corvex and Related have publicly disclosed that following the successful completion of the written consent solicitation, they would not seek any material transaction without the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares not held by Corvex and Related. To reiterate, however, Corvex and Related have no plans to seek a change of control transaction at this time, and completion of any such transaction if it were to be proposed in the future would only be done in consultation with the Department.
85. This statement directly contradicts Corvexs numerous public prior statements concerning its present intent to takeover CWH by, among other things, acquiring all of the shares of CWH for a control premium. Apparently, Corvexs numerous proposals were simply a ruse to churn the stock and win support for its Consent Solicitation, not a bona fide offer to the shareholders. Most of all, Corvexs about face raises serious questions about Corvexs other public statements concerning its Consent Solicitation, which must be answered fully and honestly before it is permitted to proceed any further.
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86. Once Corvex successfully drove millions of shares into the hands of arbitrageurs, it publicly proclaimed a new rationale for its hostile takeover. Despite its earlier promises of a control premium, Corvex now claims that it wants to remove the Trustees to empower CWH shareholders to elect new Trustees who will end RMRs role in CWHs business and allegedly increase value. Corvexs statements to this effect are just as false as its earlier suggestions that it would make an offer for all CWH shares at a premium once it deposed the Trustees.
87. It now appears that Corvexs true goal is to create a vacuum at CWHs helm into which it will step with the help of other short-term, opportunistic investors. To be sure, despite its claims for corporate governance reform, Corvex has stated publicly that it intends to fill this power vacuum with its own hand-picked CEO and management team, who will undoubtedly be under the thrall of Corvex. However, without a Board of Trustees in office it is unclear how these replacements will be installed.
88. Thus, Corvexs call for corporate governance reform is not only false and misleading, but it eviscerates a cardinal precept of Maryland REIT Law that the Trustees are exclusively empowered to manage the business and affairs of the REIT. Indeed, there is nothing in the Maryland REIT Law that even suggests such power should be entrusted to shareholders, let alone a single shareholder or group of short-term, opportunistic shareholders.
89. But Corvexs efforts to mislead shareholders do not end there. Even if Corvexs stated purposes for the Consent Solicitation were genuine, Corvex has made incomplete and unsupported claims and failed to provide basic information shareholders need to make a fully informed decision concerning the Consent Solicitation. This includes, but is not limited to, unsupported or grossly exaggerated statements regarding CWHs present and future value, and failure to disclose material agreements, arrangements, or understandings that Corvex has entered into with other opportunistic investors, including Luxor and Perry, both of whom have supported Corvexs litigation efforts, as well as Marcato, who has previously teamed up with Corvex on other hostile takeover efforts.
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90. Corvexs false and misleading statements violate Maryland law and Sections 14(a) and 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), both of which require that all material information be disclosed when soliciting shareholder approval for a transaction. The damage done by Corvex to CWHs shareholders and the capital markets in connection with its Consent Solicitation cannot be undone. Absent an order enjoining Corvex from proceeding with its Consent Solicitation, Corvex will be permitted to benefit from its unlawful and inequitable conduct.
FIRST CAUSE OF ACTION
(For A Declaration That CWHs Record Date Bylaws Are Valid And That Corvexs
Record Date Demands Are Not Valid)
91. As explained above, the Trustees validly enacted the Record Date Bylaws pursuant to CWHs Declaration of Trust and their authority under Maryland law.
92. Corvex has nonetheless refused to follow the Record Date Bylaws and has challenged their validity first in court and now in this Arbitration.
93. The Trustees respectfully request that the Panel declare that (i) the Record Date Bylaws are valid under CWHs Declaration of Trust and Maryland law, and (ii) that Corvex has not complied with them.
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SECOND CAUSE OF ACTION
(For A Declaration That CWHs Informational Requirements Are Valid And That
Corvexs Record Date Demands Are Not Valid)
94. As explained above, the Trustees validly enacted the Informational Requirements pursuant to CWHs Declaration of Trust and their authority under Maryland law.
95. Corvex has refused to submit the information required by the Informational Requirements in support of its request for a record date and has challenged their validity first in court and now in this Arbitration.
96. The Trustees respectfully request that the Panel declare that (i) the Informational Requirements are valid under CWHs Declaration of Trust and Maryland law, and (ii) Corvex has not complied with them.
THIRD CAUSE OF ACTION
(For A Declaration That The Trustees Cannot Be Removed Without Cause And That
Corvexs Consent Solicitation Is Not Valid)
97. As explained above, the Trustees opted into Section 3-803 of the MUTA, which, among other things, authorizes the Trustees to unilaterally classify CWHs Board notwithstanding any contrary provision in the Declaration of Trust or the Bylaws.
98. The trustees of a board classified under Section 3-803, like CWHs Board, may not be removed without cause, notwithstanding any contrary provision in the companys declaration of trust or bylaws.
99. Corvex has nonetheless proceeded with its Consent Solicitation, which calls for the removal of all of CWHs Trustees without cause.
100. The Trustees respectfully request that the Panel declare that (i) Section 3-803 of the MUTA prevents removal of the CHW Trustees without cause, notwithstanding any contrary provision in CWHs Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, and (ii) Corvexs Consent Solicitation is therefore invalid.
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FOURTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(For Violations Of Section 13(d) Of The Exchange Act and Rule 13d-1 Thereunder)
101. Corvex, Related, Luxor, Perry, Marcato, and Stephen Ross have a common purpose of seeking control of CWH and plan to significantly alter CWHs business and operations, and have purchased their CWH shares in pursuit of these common purposes, as explained above.
102. Corvex, Related, Luxor, Perry, Marcato, and Stephen Ross have agreed to act as a group for the purpose of acquiring or holding CWH shares to further the groups course of action to seek to change or influence control of CWH as hereinbefore described.
103. Corvex has never disclosed in any Schedule 13D filing any decision to act as a group with Luxor, Perry, Marcato, or Stephen Ross.
104. The Schedule 13D filings made by Corvex therefore contain untrue statements of material fact, omit material facts necessary to make their statements not misleading, and omit material facts required to be stated by Section 13(d), and Rule 13d-1 thereunder, including, among other things, that Corvex and Related have decided to act together as a group of owners of CWH shares for the purposes and plans as hereinbefore described. Corvex and Related, with Luxor, Perry, Marcato, and Stephen Ross, have also knowingly failed to amend their Schedule 13D filings to disclose their decision to act as a group for the purposes and plans as described above.
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105. By reason of the foregoing acts, transactions, practices, and courses of business, the Corvex violated Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Rule 13d-1 thereunder, and injured CWH and its shareholders as a result.
FIFTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(For Violations Of Section 14(a) Of The Exchange Act And Rule 14a-9 Thereunder)
106. The Consent Solicitation Statement, as well as other solicitation materials promulgated by Corvex, contains untrue statements of material fact and omits material facts necessary to make the statements that were made not misleading in violation of Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9.
107. By reason of the foregoing acts, transactions, practices, and courses of business, Corvex violated Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 14a-9 thereunder, and injured CWH and its shareholders as a result.
SIXTH CAUSE OF ACTION
(For Indemnification)
108. As explained above, Corvex has violated the Record Date Bylaws, Advance Notice Bylaws, and the Informational Requirements by proceeding with its Consent Solicitation. Furthermore, Corvex violated the Arbitration Bylaw by filing meritless lawsuits against CWH and the Trustees in both Maryland state and Massachusetts federal court.
109. CWH and its shareholders are protected from the costs of such frivolous litigation through indemnification clauses in its Declaration of Trust and Bylaws. These provisions of CWHs Declaration of Trust were added by amendment approved by shareholders in May 2007. These provisions require shareholders to reimburse CWH for all attorneys fees, costs, expenses, and other amounts arising from a shareholders violation of the Declaration of Trust or Bylaws, or in any losing action brought by a shareholder against CWH or the Trustees.
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110. Corvex should be ordered to pay all expenses, including attorneys fees, that the Trustees and CWH incurred in opposing and evaluating the Consent Solicitation and in defending the two lawsuits filed by Corvex in Maryland state court and Massachusetts federal court.
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
WHEREFORE, the Trustees request that the Panel enter an award in their favor and against Corvex and Related as follows:
(a) | declaring that the Advance Notice Bylaws are valid and enforceable, and that Corvex and Related have failed to satisfy the requirements set forth in the Advance Notice Bylaws in connection with the Consent Solicitation; |
(b) | declaring that the Trustees validly opted into Section 3-803 of the MUTA, and that the Trustees can only be removed for cause pursuant to Section 3-803 of the MUTA; |
(c) | declaring that the Trustees did not breach their fiduciary duty obligations to CWH or its shareholders in connection with the events alleged in the Counterclaims, and that the Trustees did not engage in corporate waste in regards to the employment of, and compensation to, RMR; |
(d) | declaring that the Consent Solicitation contains false and misleading statements in violation of Section 13(d) and Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act, and enjoining Corvex and Related from further proceeding with the Consent Solicitation; |
(e) | enjoining Corvex, Related, and their principals from proceeding with the Consent Solicitation; |
(f) | finding and adjudging that Corvex and Related have formed a group with Stephen Ross, Luxor, Perry, and Marcato under Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act, 15 U.S.C. § 78m(d), and Rule 13d-1 thereunder, 17 C.F.R. § 240.13d-1, for the purpose of seeking to change or influence control of CWH described above; |
(g) | ordering Corvex and Related to divest their CWH shares since they, with Stephen Ross, Luxor, Perry, and Marcato, formed an intent to seek to change or influence the control of CWH, as described above; |
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(h) | ordering Corvex and Related to divest their CWH shares since they, with Stephen Ross, Luxor, Perry, and Marcato, decided to act as a group for the purposes of seeking to change or influence control of CWH as described above; |
(i) | enjoining Corvex and Related from acquiring any further CWH shares or asserting any rights with respect to CWH by virtue of the ownership of such CWH shares, until such divestitures are completed and corrective disclosures are made; |
(j) | denying the relief requested in the Counterclaims in all respects; |
(k) | awarding such damages, and the costs and disbursements of this action, as are permitted by CWHs Declaration of Trust and Bylaws, and applicable law; and |
(1) | granting CWH such other and further relief as the Panel deems just and proper. |
Robert S. Saunders
Stephen D. Dargitz
Joseph O. Larkin
Daniel R. Ciarrocki
Jessica L. Raatz
SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE,
MEAGHER & FLOM LLP
One Rodney Square
P.O. Box 636
Wilmington, Delaware 19899-0636
Tel.: (302) 651-3000
Fax: (302) 651-3001
Counsel for Claimants Barry M. Portnoy, Adam D. Portnoy, Joseph L. Morea, William A. Lamkin, and Frederick N. Zeytoonjian |
DATED: June 17, 2013
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