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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30th 2013

OR

o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 000-35986

Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

46701 Commerce Center Drive
Plymouth, MI 48170

(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

(734)862-4840

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes    o    No   x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes   x     No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes   o     No   x

As of August 1, 2013, there were 15,357,413 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

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Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.

(A Development Stage Company)

INDEX

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Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.

(A Development Stage Company)

Condensed Balance Sheets

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

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Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.

(A Development Stage Company)

Condensed Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

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Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.

(A Development Stage Company)

Condensed Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

See accompanying notes to the condensed financial statements.

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Esperion Therapeutics, Inc.
(A Development Stage Company)

Notes to the Condensed Financial Statements 
(Unaudited)

1. The Company and Basis of Presentation

The Company is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the research, development and commercialization of therapies for the treatment of patients with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other cardiometabolic risk factors. ETC-1002, the Company’s lead product candidate, is a novel, first in class, orally available, once-daily small molecule therapy designed to target known lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways to reduce levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies. The Company owns the exclusive worldwide rights to ETC-1002 and its other product candidates.

HDL Therapeutics, Inc. (HDL) was incorporated in the state of Delaware on January 22, 2008. On April 28, 2008, HDL acquired all of the capital stock of Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. (Esperion), a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer Inc. On May 5, 2008, Esperion was merged with and into HDL and the Company assumed the name Esperion Therapeutics, Inc. (the Company). Its facilities are located in Plymouth, Michigan.

The Company’s primary activities since incorporation have been recruiting personnel, conducting research and development activities, including pre-clinical and clinical testing, performing business and financial planning, and raising capital. Accordingly, the Company is considered to be in development stage.

The Company is subject to the risks associated with a development stage entity, which includes the need to: research, develop, and clinically test potential therapeutic products; obtain regulatory approvals for its products and commercialize them, if approved; expand its management and scientific staff; and finance its operations with an ultimate goal of achieving profitable operations.

The Company has sustained operating losses since inception and expects such losses to continue over the foreseeable future. Management plans to continue to finance operations with a combination of public and private equity issuances, debt arrangements, collaborations and strategic and licensing arrangements. If adequate funds are not available, the Company may not be able to continue the development of its current or future product candidates, or to commercialize its current or future product candidates, if approved.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed financial statements are unaudited and were prepared by the Company in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (GAAP). In the opinion of management, the Company has made all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. Certain information and disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These condensed financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes for the year ended December 31, 2012 included in the Company’s final prospectus dated June 25, 2013 filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 26, 2013. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for a full year, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

Reverse Stock Split

On June 11, 2013, in connection with its initial public offering (the IPO), the Company effectuated a 1-for-6.986 reverse stock split of its outstanding common stock, which was approved by the Company’s board of directors on June 5, 2013. The reverse stock split resulted in an adjustment to the Series A preferred stock and Series A-1 preferred stock conversion prices to reflect a proportional decrease in the number of shares of common stock to be issued upon conversion. The accompanying financial statements and notes to the financial statements give effect to the reverse stock split for all periods presented. The shares of common stock retained a par value of $0.001 per share. Accordingly, the stockholders’ deficit reflects the reverse stock split by reclassifying from “common stock” to “Additional paid-in capital” in an amount equal to the par value of the decreased shares resulting from the reverse stock split.

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2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company invests its excess cash in bank deposits, money market accounts, and short-term investments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are reported at fair value.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. The Company has established guidelines for investment of its excess cash and believes the guidelines maintain safety and liquidity through diversification of counterparties and maturities.

Segment Information

The Company views its operations and manages its business in one operating segment, which is the business of researching, developing and commercializing therapies for the treatment of patients with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiometabolic risk factors.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, accounts payable and accrued liabilities that approximate their carrying value.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three to ten years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the related assets.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment loss would be recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition are less than its carrying amount. The impairment loss, if recognized, would be based on the excess of the carrying value of the impaired asset over its respective fair value. Excluding impairment losses recorded on assets held for sale, no other impairment losses have been recorded through June 30, 2013.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to further the Company’s research and development activities and include salaries and related benefits, costs associated with pre-clinical studies and trials, non-clinical activities (such as toxicology studies), regulatory activities, manufacturing activities to support clinical activities, research-related overhead expenses, and fees paid to external service providers that conduct certain research and development, clinical, and manufacturing activities on behalf of the Company. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

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In-Process Research and Development

In April 2008, the Company acquired certain tangible research and development assets and intellectual property from Pfizer Inc. (Pfizer). As the acquired in-process research and development had not reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future uses in connection with this asset and intellectual property acquisition and the related purchase price allocation, the Company expensed $85,612 as in-process research and development costs in 2008.

Accrued Clinical Development Costs

Outside research costs are a component of research and development expense. These expenses include fees paid to contract research organizations and other service providers that conduct certain clinical and product development activities on behalf of the Company. Depending upon the timing of payments to the service providers, the Company recognizes prepaid expenses or accrued expenses related to these costs. These accrued or prepaid expenses are based on management’s estimates of the work performed under service agreements, milestones achieved and experience with similar contracts. The Company monitors each of these factors and adjusts estimates accordingly.

Income Taxes

The Company utilizes the liability method of accounting for income taxes as required by ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and the tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company has incurred operating losses since inception. Accordingly, it is not more likely than not that the Company will realize deferred tax assets and as such, it has recorded a full valuation allowance.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounts for its warrants issued in connection with its various financing transactions based upon the characteristics and provisions of the instrument. Warrants classified as derivative liabilities are recorded on the Company’s balance sheet at their fair value on the date of issuance and are marked-to-market on each subsequent reporting period, with the fair value changes recognized in the statement of operations. The warrants are measured using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model subsequent to the pricing of the Company’s IPO and a Monte Carlo valuation model for previous periods which are based, in part, upon inputs where there is little or no market data, requiring the Company to develop its own independent assumptions. The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in the fair value of these warrants until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants, the expiration of the warrants, or until such time as the warrants are no longer determined to be derivative instruments.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with the provisions of ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Accordingly, compensation costs related to equity instruments granted are recognized over the requisite service periods of the awards on a straight-line basis at the grant-date fair value calculated using a Black-Scholes option pricing model. Additionally, under the provisions of ASC 718, the Company is required to include an estimate of the number of awards that will be forfeited in calculating compensation costs. Any changes to the estimated forfeiture rates are accounted for prospectively. Stock-based compensation arrangements with non-employees are recognized at the grant-date fair value and then re-measured at each reporting period. Expense is recognized during the period the related services are rendered.

3. Debt

Convertible Notes

In January 2012, the Company issued $6,000,000 of 10% convertible promissory notes for cash.  In September and November 2012, the Company issued the aggregate of $9,700,000 of 10% convertible promissory notes that mature on September 4, 2013 for cash. In connection with the September convertible note financing, the Company and the holders of the January 2012 convertible promissory notes agreed to extend the maturity date of the January 2012 notes to September 4, 2013. In February 2013, these convertible promissory notes, with an outstanding principal of $15,700,000 and accrued interest of $923,092, were amended and then converted into 16,623,092 shares of Series A preferred stock, in accordance with their terms and at their conversion price of $1.00 per share, and following such conversion, the notes were cancelled. The holders of the September convertible promissory notes received the benefit of a deemed conversion price of the September convertible promissory notes that were below the estimated fair value of the Series A convertible preferred stock at the time of their issuance. The fair value of this beneficial conversion feature was estimated to be $287,990. The fair value of this beneficial conversion feature was recorded to debt discount and amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the convertible promissory notes. As a result of the conversion of the convertible promissory notes into shares of Series A preferred stock on February 12, 2013, the Company recorded the remaining accretion of the beneficial conversion feature of $229,496 as interest expense during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

In April  2008, the Company acquired all of the capital stock of Esperion from Pfizer in exchange for a non-subordinated convertible note in the original principal amount of $5,000,000. This convertible promissory note had a maturity date of April 28, 2018. The note bore interest at 8.931% annually, payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31 by adding such unpaid interest to the principal of the note, which would thereafter accrue interest.  On May 29, 2013 the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Pfizer Inc. and sold 6,750,000 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock at a price of $1.1560 per share, which was the fair value at the transaction date. The purchase price was paid through the cancellation of all outstanding indebtedness, including accrued interest, under the Pfizer convertible promissory note, which had an outstanding balance, including accrued interest, of $7,803,000 as of May 29, 2013.

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4. Warrants

In connection with its various financing transactions, the Company issued warrants which are classified as derivative liabilities and recorded on the Company’s balance sheet at their fair value on the date of issuance and are marked-to-market on each subsequent reporting period, with the fair value changes recognized in the statement of operations. On June 30, 2013, the Company estimated the fair values of the warrants at each reporting period using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which is based, in part, upon subjective assumptions including but not limited to stock price volatility, the expected life of the warrants, the risk free interest rate and the fair value of the common stock underlying the warrants.  The Company estimates the volatility of its stock based on public company peer group historical volatility that is in line with the expected remaining life of the warrants.  The risk free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bond for a maturity similar to the expected remaining life of the warrants.  The expected remaining life of the warrants is assumed to be equivalent to their remaining contractual term.  In prior periods, a Monte Carlo valuation model was utilized to estimate the fair value of the warrants based on the probability and timing of future financings.  The Company will continue to adjust the liability for changes in the fair value of these warrants until the earlier of the exercise of the warrants, the expiration of the warrants, or until such time as the warrants are no longer determined to be derivative instruments.

As of June 30, 2013, the Company had outstanding warrants to purchase a total of 1,940,000 shares of its Series A preferred stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. On July 1, 2013, upon the closing of the IPO, the warrants became exercisable for a total of 277,690 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $6.99 per share. The Company is evaluating the impact of the IPO on the balance sheet classification of the outstanding warrants.  The warrants expire in February 2018.

5. Fair Value Measurements

The Company follows accounting guidance that emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Fair value is defined as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.” Fair value measurements are defined on a three level hierarchy:

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The following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that have been measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 or 3 during the six months ended June 30, 2013 or June 30, 2012.

The following table summarizes the changes in the fair value of the Company’s Level 3 warrant liabilities the six month period ended June 30, 2013:

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company also measures assets held for sale at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value on a nonrecurring basis. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $27,000 based on recent purchase offers. The Company recognized $214,393 of impairment expense related to the assets held for sale in the period from inception through June 30, 2013. The fair value of assets held for sale was estimated using a market approach, considering the estimated fair value for other comparable equipment which are Level 3 inputs.

6. Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Deficit

On January 22, 2008, HDL was incorporated in the state of Delaware with 1,000 shares of authorized common stock. In April 2008, the Board of Directors approved an amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The amendment increased HDL’s authorized number of shares of common stock to a total of 44,025,145 and authorized two new series of preferred stock designated as Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock consisting of 33,250,000 shares of Series A preferred stock and 6,475,145 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock. In April 2008, HDL sold 286,286 shares of common stock and 10,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock in a private offering (the Initial Financing), raising net proceeds of $200 and $10,000,000, respectively. In the Initial Financing, the Company converted an outstanding promissory note in the principal amount of $250,000 from an officer of the Company into 250,000 shares of Series A preferred stock.

As a result of commencing Phase 1 clinical trials in December 2009, the Company issued 6,000,000 additional shares of Series A preferred stock, raising net proceeds of $6,000,000 in January 2010 (Second Tranche Shares in the Initial Financing agreement).

In April 2010, the Company issued an additional 1,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock to an officer and new investors for $1,000,000 in net proceeds. In connection with this sale, the Initial Financing agreement was amended to allow for the additional

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issuance of shares. The Company also amended its certificate of incorporation to increase its number of authorized shares to 45,025,145 shares of common stock and 40,725,145 shares of preferred stock, including 34,250,000 shares of Series A preferred stock and 6,475,145 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock.

In November 2010, the Company issued an additional 25,000 shares of Series A preferred stock to an officer of the Company in exchange for $25,000.

As a result of commencing Phase 2a clinical studies in December 2010, the Company issued 6,700,000 shares of Series A preferred stock, raising net proceeds of $6,700,000 in January 2011 (Third Tranche Shares in the Initial Financing agreement). The Company also amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares to 50,000,000 shares of common stock and 41,682,329 shares of preferred stock, including 34,785,000 shares of Series A preferred stock and 6,897,329 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock.

In September 2012, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized preferred shares to 42,647,283, including 34,785,000 shares of Series A preferred stock and 7,862,283 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock.

As of December 31, 2012, the Company did not have sufficient preferred and common shares authorized under its certificate of incorporation to permit the conversion of the outstanding convertible promissory notes issued during 2012. Pursuant to the terms of the note purchase agreements, in the event any or all of the notes were to be converted, the purchasers and the Company agreed to take all action necessary to amend the certificate of incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of Series A preferred stock and common stock to permit such conversion. The Company subsequently amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of shares of Series A preferred stock authorized to 41,636,970 and number of shares of common stock authorized to 56,519,253 in connection with the conversion of the notes on February 12, 2013 into 16,623,092 shares of Series A preferred stock.

On April 10, 2013, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of shares of Series A preferred stock authorized to 59,538,092 and the number of shares of common stock authorized 75,220,375.

On April 19, 2013, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 17,000,000 shares of Series A preferred stock at a price of $1.00 for proceeds of $16,880,463, which is net of issuance costs of $119,537, to funds affiliated with Longitude Capital and certain existing investors. Each share of Series A preferred stock issued in the financing was convertible into 0.143 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2013.  Upon the closing of the financing, Patrick Enright of Longitude Capital became a member of the board of directors.

On May 29, 2013, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Pfizer Inc. and issued and sold 6,750,000 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock at a price of $1.1560 per share. The purchase price was paid through the cancellation of all outstanding indebtedness, including accrued interest, under the Pfizer convertible promissory note, which had an aggregate balance, including accrued interest, of $7,803,000 as of May 29, 2013. Each share of Series A-1 preferred stock issued in the agreement was convertible into 0.124 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2013.

On June 11, 2013 the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized to 120,000,000.

Convertible Preferred Stock

As of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had authorized a total of 67,400,375 and 42,647,283 shares of preferred stock, respectively, designated in various series. The preferred stock designated as Series A and Series A-1 is summarized as follows:

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Voting

The holders of preferred stock had various rights and preferences. Each share of Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock had certain voting rights equal to the number of shares of common stock into which it was convertible and voted together as one class with the common stock.

A separate vote of a majority of the Series A preferred stock, equal to the number of shares of common stock into which it was convertible, was required for certain activities, including certain issuances of common stock; for any redemption, repurchase, dividend, or other distribution with respect to the common stock; any agreement by the Company or its stockholders regarding certain mergers or consolidations of the Company; a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company; or any redemption, repurchase, dividend, or other distribution with respect to any shares of preferred stock.

As the Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock could have been redeemed in a “deemed liquidation” in the event of a change of control and the redemption features were considered to be outside the control of the Company, all shares of Series A preferred stock have been presented outside of permanent equity in accordance with ASC 480.

Liquidation

In the event of any liquidation, dissolution, or winding-up of the Company, including a merger, acquisition, or sale of assets where the holders of the Company’s common stock and preferred stock owned less than 50% of the resulting voting power of the surviving entity, the holders of Series A preferred stock were entitled to receive prior and in preference to any distribution of the assets of the Company to the holders of Series A-1 preferred stock and common stock, an amount equal to $1.00 for each share of Series A preferred stock held, plus any declared but unpaid dividends. After payment of the full liquidation preference to holders of Series A preferred stock, but prior to any distribution or payment to holders of common stock, the holders of Series A-1 preferred were entitled to receive a distribution equal to the original issue price of a share of Series A-1 preferred stock plus any declared but unpaid dividends. After payment of the full liquidation preference(s) to the Series A and Series A-1 stockholders, the remaining assets legally available for distribution were distributed ratably to the holders of common stock and preferred stock on an as if converted to common stock basis.

Dividends

Holders of Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock, in preference to the holders of common stock, were entitled to receive cash dividends at the rate of eight percent of the respective original issue price per annum on each outstanding preferred share on a pari passu basis. Such dividends were payable only when, as and if declared by the Board of Directors and were non-cumulative. There were no dividends declared, accrued or paid during the period from inception through December 31, 2012 or the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Conversion

Any share of Series A or Series A-1 preferred stock could have been converted at the option of the holder at any time into shares of common stock at the Series A preferred conversion price or the Series A-1 preferred conversion price, respectively, then in effect.

Each share of Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock shall have been automatically converted into shares of common stock based upon the then-effective Series A preferred conversion price and the Series A-1 preferred conversion price, respectively, upon the affirmative election of the holders of at least 60% of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock and Series A-1 preferred stock voting as a single class.

Each share of Series A preferred stock shall have automatically converted into shares of common stock based upon the effective Series A preferred conversion price upon (i) the affirmative election of the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock; (ii) the Company’s sale of its common stock in a firmly underwritten public offering in which the per share price is at least three times the Series A original issue price adjusted for stock splits, dividends, recapitalizations, and the like, and which would result in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $40 million (prior to deducting underwriting discounts and commissions); or (iii) the affirmative election of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock following the closing of a firmly underwritten public offering that covered the offer and sale of common stock for the Company that did not meet the three times original issue price or gross proceeds requirements above. Upon an automatic conversion, any declared and unpaid dividends were to be paid to the holders of Series A preferred stock.

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Each share of Series A-1 preferred stock shall have automatically converted into shares of common stock based upon the effective Series A-1 preferred conversion price upon the Company’s sale of its common stock in a firmly underwritten public offering which results in gross proceeds to the Company of at least $25 million (prior to underwriting discounts and commissions). Upon an automatic conversion, any declared and unpaid dividends shall have been paid to the holders of Series A-1 preferred stock.

The Series A preferred conversion rate and Series A-1 preferred conversion rate was the $1.00 Series A original issue price, divided by the Series A preferred conversion price, initially set at $6.986, or 0.143 common shares. The Series A preferred conversion price could have been adjusted in connection with certain dilutive events; however, there were no such adjustments.

The Company had convertible debt, convertible preferred stock and warrants, all of which were convertible into Series A and Series A-1 preferred stock. Additionally, the Company has stock options outstanding. The following table presents the number of common shares which could have been issuable upon the conversion of convertible instruments or exercise of options at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

7. Stock Compensation

2008 Incentive Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan

The 2008 Incentive Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the 2008 Plan), administered by the Board of Directors or a committee appointed by the Board of Directors. The 2008 Plan provides for the granting of stock options and restricted stock to employees and nonemployees of the Company. Options granted under the 2008 Plan may either be incentive stock options (ISOs), restricted stock awards (RSAs) or nonqualified stock options (NQSOs). Stock options and restricted stock grants may be granted to employees, directors and consultants.  Stock awards under the 2008 Plan may be granted for up to ten years from the adoption of the 2008 Plan and the vesting of options granted or restricted awards given will be determined individually with each option grant. Generally, 25 percent of the granted amount vest upon the first anniversary of the option grant with the remainder vesting ratably on the first day of each calendar quarter for the following three years. Stock options have a 10 year life and expire if not exercised within that period, or if not exercised within 90 days of cessation of employment with the Company. Upon closing of the Company’s initial public offering, 54,129 shares reserved and not then subject to outstanding options were transferred to the 2013 Plan, and no further awards will be made under the 2008 Plan.

2013 Stock Option and Incentive Plan

On June 7, 2013, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2013 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the 2013 Plan), which became effective on June 25, 2013. The number of shares of stock reserved and available for issuance under the 2013 Plan is the sum of  (i) 1,100,000, plus (ii) 54,129 shares originally reserved under the 2008 Plan that became available for issuance under the 2013 Plan upon completion of the Company’s initial public offering, plus (iii) the shares underlying any awards granted under the 2008 Plan that are forfeited, canceled, held back upon the exercise of an option or settlement of an award to cover the exercise price or tax withholding, reacquired by the Company prior to vesting, satisfied without the issuance of stock or otherwise terminated (other than be exercise).  Additionally, on January 1, 2014 and each January 1 thereafter, the number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the 2013 Plan shall be cumulatively increased by two and a half percent of the number of shares issued and outstanding on the immediately preceding December 31 or such lesser number of shares as determined by the plan administrator.

The following table summarizes the activity relating to the Company’s options to purchase common stock for the six months ended June 30, 2013:

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The following table summarizes information about the Company’s stock option plan as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:

As of June 30, 2013, there was approximately $1,100,944 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested options, adjusted for forfeitures, which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 3.1 years.

8. Income Taxes

There was no provision for income taxes for the three or six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 because the Company has incurred operating losses since inception. At June 30, 2013, the Company has concluded that it is more likely than not that the Company will not realize the benefit of its deferred tax assets due to its history of losses. Accordingly, the net deferred tax assets have been fully reserved.

9. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method. For purposes of this calculation, convertible preferred stock, convertible debt, warrants for preferred stock and stock options are considered to be common stock equivalents and are only included in the calculation of diluted net loss per share when their effect is dilutive. Interest expense for convertible debt that is dilutive is added back to net income in the calculation of diluted net loss per share.

The shares outstanding at the end of the respective periods presented below, after giving effect for the 1-for-6.986 reverse stock split, were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to their anti-dilutive effect:

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10. Subsequent Events

Initial Public Offering

On July 1, 2013, the Company completed its IPO of 5,000,000 shares of common stock at an offering price of $14.00 per share.  The Company received net proceeds of approximately $62.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. In connection with the IPO, the following events occurred subsequent to June 30, 2013:

·                  On July 1, 2013, the 64,348,092 outstanding shares of Convertible Preferred Stock automatically converted into an aggregate of 9,210,999 shares of common stock:

·                  On July 1, 2013, the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation became effective, authorizing 120,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock; and

·                  The underwriters in the IPO exercised their over-allotment in full and purchased 750,000 additional shares of common stock on July 11, 2013. As a result of this exercise, the Company received an additional $9.8 million in proceeds, which is net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

The table below shows, on a pro forma basis, the impact of the Company’s IPO on certain condensed balance sheet items as if all of the transactions occurred on June 30, 2013:

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Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our final prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) on June 26, 2013.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These forward-looking statements are based on our management’s belief and assumptions and on information currently available to management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, these statements relate to future events, including our clinical development plans, or our future financial performance, and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, including in relation to the clinical development of ETC-1002, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements, including in relation to the clinical development of ETC-1002, expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and that could materially affect results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.

The forward-looking statements in this report represent our views as of the date of this quarterly report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Overview

Corporate Overview

We are a biopharmaceutical company focused on the research, development and commercialization of therapies for the treatment of patients with elevated levels of LDL-C and other cardiometabolic risk factors. ETC-1002, our lead product candidate, is a novel, first in class, orally available, once-daily LDL-C lowering small molecule therapy designed to target known lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways to lower levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies. We own the exclusive worldwide rights to ETC-1002 and our other product candidates.

We were incorporated in Delaware in January 2008 and commenced our operations in April 2008. Since our inception, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to developing ETC-1002 and our other product candidates, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We have funded our operations primarily through the issuance of preferred stock, convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock. From inception through June 30, 2013, we raised $56.7 million from such transactions.

On July 1, 2013, we completed the initial public offering, or IPO, of our common stock pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1. In the IPO, we sold an aggregate of 5,000,000 shares of common stock under the registration statement at a public offering price of $14.00 per share. Net proceeds from the IPO were approximately $62.7 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. Upon the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of our preferred stock were converted into 9,210,999 shares of common stock. Additionally, as part of the IPO, we granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 750,000 additional shares of common stock at the IPO price to cover over-allotments, if any. On July 11, 2013, the underwriters exercised this option in full. As a result of this exercise, we received an additional $9.8 million in proceeds, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

We are a development stage company and do not have any products approved for sale. To date, we have not generated any revenue. We have never been profitable and, from inception to June 30, 2013, our losses from operations have been $53.1 million. Our net losses were $6.9 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $11.2 million and $5.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with research and development programs, general and administrative costs associated with our

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operations and the mark-to-market of our liability classified warrants. We expect to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities, including, among others:

·        conducting additional clinical studies of ETC-1002 to complete its development;

·        seeking regulatory approval for ETC-1002;

·        commercializing ETC-1002; and

·        operating as a public company.

Accordingly, we will need additional financing to support our continuing operations. We will seek to fund our operations through public or private equity or debt financings or through other sources, which may include collaborations with third parties. Adequate additional financing may not be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all. Our failure to raise capital as and when needed would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and our ability to pursue our business strategy or continue operations. We will need to generate significant revenues to achieve profitability, and we may never do so.

Product Overview

ETC-1002, our lead product candidate, is a novel, first in class, orally available, once-daily LDL-C lowering small molecule therapy designed to target known lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways to lower levels of LDL-C and to avoid side effects associated with existing LDL-C lowering therapies. We acquired the rights to ETC-1002 from Pfizer in 2008. We own the exclusive worldwide rights to ETC-1002 and we are not obligated to make any royalty or milestone payments to Pfizer.

In 2011, we incurred $4.6 million in expenses related to our Phase 1b Multiple Dose Tolerance clinical trial (ETC-1002-004), our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia (ETC-1002-003) which reported top-line results in March 2012, and our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in patients with Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes (ETC-1002-005) which reported top-line results in January 2013.

In 2012, we incurred $5.8 million in expenses related to our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes (ETC-1002-005) and our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and a History of Statin Intolerance (ETC-1002-006) which reported top-line results in June 2013, and our Phase 2a clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia taking 10 mg of atorvastatin ( ETC-1002-007).

During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we incurred $4.3 million in expenses related to our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and Type 2 Diabetes (ETC-1002-005), our Phase 2a Proof-of-Concept clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and a History of Statin Intolerance (ETC-1002-006) and our Phase 2a clinical study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia taking 10 mg of atorvastatin (ETC-1002-007).

We also have two other early-stage programs in pre-clinical development. We licensed one of these candidates from The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, or CCF, and are obligated to make certain royalty and milestone payments (consisting of cash and common stock) to CCF, including a minimum annual cash payment of $50,000 during years when a milestone payment is not met. No milestone or royalty payments will be due to any third-party in connection with the development and commercialization of our other pre-clinical product candidate, ESP41091.

Clinical Developments

ETC-1002-007—Phase 2a Proof of Concept Clinical Study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia taking 10 mg of Atorvastatin

ETC-1002-007 is an eight-week Phase 2a clinical study in 52 patients, who were dosed with ETC-1002, across six participating clinical recruitment sites in the United States. All patients for this clinical study have been recruited and completed randomization, dosing and their follow up visits.  The primary objective of this clinical study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of ETC-1002 when added to atorvastatin 10 mg/day in subjects with hypercholesterolemia, and to test the effects on the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and its active metabolites. After completing a lipid-lowering therapy wash out period of four weeks, patients were placed on atorvastatin calcium (10 mg) for four weeks to achieve steady state plasma levels of atorvastatin. Patients were then randomized in a 3:1 ratio of active ETC-1002 treatment to placebo for eight weeks. During this clinical study, patients were dosed up to eight weeks in a forced titration schema of 60 mg, 120 mg, 180 mg and 240 mg doses for two weeks each. We plan to assess overall safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic levels of atorvastatin (and its active metabolites) and assess LDL-C lowering in accordance with the study protocol. We expect to report top-line results in the first half of September 2013.

ETC-1002-008 — Phase 2b Clinical Study in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia and a History of either Statin Intolerance or Statin Tolerance

We expect the ETC-1002-008 study to be a 12-week Phase 2b study for the treatment of elevated LDL-C levels in approximately 322 patients who are either statin intolerant or statin tolerant. The purpose of this clinical study will be to inform dosing for our pivotal Phase 3 clinical trial in a population of statin intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia. We expect that patients enrolled in the ETC-1002-008 study will complete a four week placebo run-in period and then be randomized to one of four arms:  1) 120 mg dose of ETC-1002, 2) 180 mg dose of ETC-1002, 3) an active comparator, 10 mg dose of ezetimibe (a common treatment for statin intolerant patients), or 4) a combination of ETC-1002 and ezetimibe.  This Phase 2b clinical study has a parallel group design and a 12-week duration. The primary objective will be to assess the  LDL-C lowering efficacy of ETC-1002 monotherapy versus ezetimibe monotherapy in patients with elevated LDL-C levels and with or without statin intolerance.  In addition, the study will assess the LDL-C lowering efficacy of ETC-1002  in combination with ezetimibe versus ezetimibe monotherapy. We expect to initiate ETC-1002-008 in October 2013 and complete the study by the end of 2014.

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Financial Operations Overview

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenue, other than grant income. In the future, we may generate revenue from the sale of ETC-1002 or our other product candidates. If we fail to complete the development of ETC-1002 or our other product candidates, our ability to generate future revenue, and our results of operations and financial position will be adversely affected.

Research and Development Expenses

Since our inception, we have focused our resources on our research and development activities, including conducting pre-clinical studies and clinical studies. Our research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the development of ETC-1002, which include:

·        expenses incurred under agreements with consultants, contract research organizations, or CROs, and investigative sites that conduct our pre-clinical and clinical studies;

·        the cost of acquiring, developing and manufacturing clinical study materials;

·        employee-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation and travel expenses;

·        allocated expenses for rent and maintenance of facilities, insurance and other supplies; and

·        costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements.

We expense research and development costs as incurred. To date, substantially all of our research and development work has been related to ETC-1002. Costs for certain development activities, such as clinical studies, are recognized based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using data such as patient enrollment, clinical site activations or information provided to us by our vendors. Our direct research and development expenses consist principally of external costs, such as fees paid to investigators, consultants, central laboratories and CROs in connection with our clinical studies. We do not allocate acquiring and manufacturing clinical study materials, salaries, stock-based compensation, employee benefits or other indirect costs related to our research and development function to specific programs.

Our research and development expenses are expected to increase in the foreseeable future. Costs associated with ETC-1002 will increase as we conduct our Phase 2b clinical studies and initiate our Phase 3 clinical studies. We cannot determine with certainty the duration and completion costs associated with the ongoing or future clinical studies of ETC-1002. Also, we cannot conclude with certainty if, or when, we will generate revenue from the commercialization and sale of ETC-1002 or our other product candidates for which we obtain regulatory approval, if ever. We may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, including ETC-1002. The duration, costs and timing associated with the development and commercialization of ETC-1002 and our other product candidates will depend on a variety of factors, including uncertainties associated with the results of our clinical studies and our ability to obtain regulatory approval. For example, if the FDA or another regulatory authority were to require us to conduct clinical studies beyond those that we currently anticipate will be required for the completion of clinical development or post-commercialization clinical studies of ETC-1002, or if we experience significant delays in enrollment in any of our clinical studies, we could be required to expend significant additional financial resources and time on the completion of clinical development or post-commercialization clinical studies of ETC-1002.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of salaries and related costs for personnel, including stock-based compensation and travel expenses, associated with our executive, accounting and finance, operational and other administrative functions. Other general and administrative expenses include facility related costs, communication expenses and professional fees for legal, patent prosecution, protection and review, consulting and accounting services.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of non-cash interest costs associated with our convertible promissory notes.

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Stock-Based Compensation

We typically grant stock-based compensation to new employees in connection with their commencement of employment and to existing employees in connection with annual performance reviews. We account for all stock-based compensation payments issued to employees, consultants and directors using an option pricing model for estimating fair value. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense is measured based on the estimated fair value of the awards on the date of grant, net of estimated forfeitures. Compensation expense is recognized for the portion that is ultimately expected to vest over the period during which the recipient renders the required services to us using the straight-line method. In accordance with authoritative guidance, the fair value of non-employee stock-based awards is re-measured as the awards vest, and the resulting value, if any, is recognized as expense during the period the related services are rendered.

Warrant Liability

Our previously outstanding warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock (which became exercisable for shares of common stock upon the closing of our IPO on July 1, 2013) have provisions by which the underlying issuance is contingently redeemable based on events outside of our control and as such are recorded as a liability in accordance with ASC 480-10. Warrants classified as derivative liabilities are recorded on our balance sheet at fair value on the date of issuance and are marked-to-market on each subsequent reporting period. Non-cash changes in the fair value at each reporting period are recognized in the statement of operations.

Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We evaluate our estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis, including those related to accrued expenses and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events, contractual milestones and other various factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our significant accounting policies are described in more detail in Note 2 to our financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:

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Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2013 were $3.1 million, compared to $2.3 million for the three months ended June, 2012, an increase of $0.8 million. The increase in research and development expenses is primarily related to the further clinical development of ETC-1002 in our Phase 2 clinical program.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2013 were $1.2 million, compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012, an increase of $0.7 million. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in professional services provided to us and increases in our headcount.

Interest expense

Non-cash interest expense for the three months ended June 30, 2013 was $0.1 million, compared to $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2012, a $0.2 million decrease. The decrease in interest expense was primarily related the conversion of the Pfizer convertible promissory note on May 29, 2013.

Change in fair value of warrant liability

The outstanding warrants to purchase 1,940,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock require liability classification and mark-to-market accounting at each reporting period in accordance with ASC 480-10. The fair values of the warrants were determined using the Black Scholes valuation model and resulted in the recognition of a loss of approximately $2.5 million related to the change in fair values for the three months ended June 30, 2013.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net for the three months ended June 30, 2013 was income of approximately $4,000 compared to income of approximately $1,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2012, a $3,000 increase. This increase was primarily related an increase in interest income on our money market funds.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 and 2012

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:

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Research and development expenses

Research and development expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 were $5.2 million, compared to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, an increase of $1.3 million. The increase in research and development expenses primarily related to the further clinical development of ETC-1002 in our Phase 2 clinical program.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2013 were $2.4 million, compared to $1.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, an increase of $1.2 million. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to an increase in professional services used and increases in our headcount.

Interest expense

Non-cash interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2013 was $0.9 million, compared to $0.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2012, a $0.3 million increase. The increase in interest expense was primarily related to our issuance of convertible promissory notes in January, September and November 2012, which had a 10% interest rate before being converted into an aggregate of 16,623,092 shares of Series A preferred stock in February 2013 as well as the accrued interest on the 8.931% convertible promissory note issued to Pfizer, which was subsequently converted into 6,750,000 shares of Series A-1 preferred stock on May 29, 2013.

Change in fair value of warrant liability

The outstanding warrants to purchase 1,940,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock require liability classification and mark-to-market accounting at each reporting period in accordance with ASC 480-10. The fair values of the warrants were determined using the Black Scholes valuation model and resulted in the recognition of a loss of approximately $2.6 million related to the change in fair values for the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net for the six months ended June 30, 2013 was an expense of approximately $21,000 compared to income of approximately $2,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2012, a $23,000 increase in expense. This increase was primarily related to an impairment in the value of our assets held for sale to adjust carrying values to fair value.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have funded our operations since inception through private placements of preferred stock, convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase shares of preferred stock. To date, we have not generated any revenue, and we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future.

As of June 30, 2013, our primary sources of liquidity were our cash and cash equivalents, which totaled $16.6 million. We invest our cash equivalents and short-term investments in highly liquid, interest-bearing investment-grade and government securities to preserve principal.

In July 2013, we completed our IPO pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1. In the IPO, we issued and sold an aggregate of 5,750,000 shares of common stock, including the underwriters’ exercise in full of their over-allotment option, under the registration statement at a public offering price of $14.00 per share. Net proceeds were approximately $72.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses.

The following table summarizes the primary sources and uses of cash for the periods presented below:

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Operating Activities

We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs in the areas of research and development, regulatory and other clinical study costs, associated with our development of ETC-1002.

Net cash used in operating activities totaled $5.8 million and $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The primary use of our cash was to fund the development of ETC-1002, adjusted for non-cash expenses, such as depreciation and amortization, interest expense, mark-to-market of our warrant liability and changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities of $38,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 consisted primarily of the sales of property and equipment, partially off-set by our purchases of certain assets. Net cash used in investing activities of $6,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2012 consisted primarily of property and equipment purchases, partially off-set by our sale of certain assets.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2013 consisted primarily of the issuance and sale of 17,000,000 shares of our Series A preferred stock at a price of $1.00 per share for gross proceeds of $17.0 million.  Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2012 consisted primarily of the issuance of convertible promissory notes.

Plan of Operations and Funding Requirements

ETC-1002 is currently in Phase 2 clinical development, and we expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. We expect that the net proceeds from our initial public offering, together with our existing cash and cash equivalents, will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditures requirements through at least the end of 2015 and that we will likely need to raise additional capital thereafter to continue to fund the further development of ETC-1002 and our operations. We expect to announce top-line results from our Phase 2b ETC-1002-008 clinical study in the fourth quarter of 2014 and to have an end-of-Phase 2 meeting with the FDA in the first quarter of 2015. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we may use our available capital resources sooner than we currently expect. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development and commercialization of ETC-1002, and the extent to which we may enter into collaborations with pharmaceutical partners regarding the development and commercialization of ETC-1002, we are unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and operating expenses associated with completing the development and commercialization of ETC-1002. Our future funding requirements will depend on many factors, including, but not limited to:

·        our ability to successfully develop and commercialize ETC-1002 and our other product candidates;

·        the costs, timing and outcomes of our ongoing and planned clinical studies of ETC-1002;

·        the time and cost necessary to obtain regulatory approvals for ETC-1002, if at all;

·        our ability to establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize ETC-1002 in the United States and abroad or our ability to establish any future collaboration or commercialization arrangements on favorable terms, if at all;

·        the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending intellectual property-related claims; and

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·        the implementation of operational and financial information technology.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenues, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and licensing arrangements. We do not have any committed external source of funds. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect your rights as a common stockholder. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements with pharmaceutical partners, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams or ETC-1002 or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or through collaborations, strategic alliances or licensing arrangements when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development or future commercialization efforts or grant rights to develop and market ETC-1002 that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

We lease office and laboratory space in Plymouth, MI under an operating lease agreement expiring on October 2, 2013. We have options to renew this lease for two additional five year terms. The following table summarizes our future minimum lease obligations as of December 31, 2012:

We are also party to a license agreement pursuant to which we are obligated to make future minimum annual payments of $50,000 in years during which milestone payments are not triggered under the agreement. In addition, we are also contractually obligated to issue up to an aggregate of 11,451 shares of common stock upon various milestones set forth in the agreement.

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations and commitments outside the ordinary course of business from those disclosed above.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently have, nor did we have during the periods presented, any off-balance sheet arrangements as defined by Securities and Exchange Commission rules.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $16.6 million and $6.5 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal, provide liquidity and maximize income without significantly increasing risk. Our primary exposure to market risk relates to fluctuations in interest rates which are affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. Given the short-term nature of our cash equivalents, we believe that a sudden change in market interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our financial condition and/or results of operation. We do not have any foreign currency or other derivative financial instruments.

We do not believe that our cash, cash equivalents and available-for-sale investments have significant risk of default or illiquidity. While we believe our cash and cash equivalents do not contain excessive risk, we cannot provide absolute assurance that in the future our investments will not be subject to adverse changes in market value. In addition, we maintain significant amounts of cash and cash equivalents at one or more financial institutions that are in excess of federally insured limits.

Inflation generally affects us by increasing our cost of labor and clinical study costs. We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our results of operations during the three or six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012.

Item 4.         Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 is (1) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of June 30, 2013, our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934). Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our principal executive officer and principal financial officer has concluded based upon the evaluation described above that, as of June 30, 2013, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.   Risk Factors

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other public filings before making an investment decision. Our business, prospects, financial condition, or operating results could be harmed by any of these risks, as well as other risks not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial. If any such risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business, financial condition or operating results could differ materially from the plans, projections and other forward-looking statements included in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report and in our other public filings. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and as a result, you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to our Business and the Clinical Development and Commercialization of ETC-1002

We depend almost entirely on the success of one product candidate, ETC-1002, which is still in Phase 2 clinical development. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain regulatory approval for, or successfully commercialize, ETC-1002.

We currently have only one product candidate, ETC-1002, in clinical development, and our business depends almost entirely on its successful clinical development, regulatory approvals and commercialization. We currently have no drug products for sale and may never be able to develop marketable drug products. ETC-1002, which is currently in Phase 2 clinical studies, will require substantial additional clinical development, testing, and regulatory approvals before we are permitted to commence its commercialization. Our other product candidates are still in pre-clinical development stages. None of our product candidates have advanced into a pivotal study, and it may be years before such studies are initiated, if ever. The clinical studies of our product candidates are, and the manufacturing and marketing of our product candidates will be, subject to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous government authorities in the United States and in other countries where we intend to test and, if approved, market any product candidate. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the commercial sale of any product candidate, we must demonstrate through pre-clinical testing and clinical studies that the product candidate is safe and effective for use in each target indication. This process can take many years and may include post-marketing studies and surveillance, including a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS program, which will require the expenditure of substantial resources beyond the proceeds we raised in our initial public offering. Of the large number of drugs in development in the United States, only a small percentage successfully complete the FDA or any other foreign regulatory approval process and are commercialized. Accordingly, even if we are able to obtain the requisite financing to continue to fund our development and clinical programs, we cannot assure you that ETC-1002 or any other of our product candidates will be successfully developed or commercialized.

We are not permitted to market ETC-1002 in the United States until we receive approval of a New Drug Application, or NDA, from the FDA, or in any foreign countries until we receive the requisite approval from such countries. As a condition to submitting an NDA to the FDA for ETC-1002 to treat patients with hypercholesterolemia, we currently expect to complete two Phase 2b clinical studies, two pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies and one long-term safety study. We have not commenced any of these clinical studies. Obtaining approval of an NDA is a complex, lengthy, expensive and uncertain process, and the FDA may delay, limit or deny approval of ETC-1002 for many reasons, including, among others:

·        we may not be able to demonstrate that ETC-1002 is safe and effective in treating hypercholesterolemia to the satisfaction of the FDA;

·        the results of our clinical studies may not meet the level of statistical or clinical significance required by the FDA for marketing approval;

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·        the FDA may disagree with the number, design, size, conduct or implementation of our clinical studies;

·        the FDA may require that we conduct additional clinical studies, such as a cardiovascular outcomes trial;

·        the FDA may not release its partial clinical hold on ETC-1002 to permit us to conduct a clinical study for more than six months;

·        the FDA or an applicable foreign regulatory agency may not approve the formulation, specifications or labeling of ETC-1002;

·        the clinical research organizations, or CROs, that we retain to conduct our clinical studies may take actions outside of our control that materially adversely impact our clinical studies;

·        the FDA may find the data from pre-clinical studies and clinical studies insufficient to demonstrate that ETC-1002’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks;

·        the FDA may disagree with our interpretation of data from our pre-clinical studies and clinical studies;

·        the FDA may not accept data generated at our clinical study sites;

·        if our NDA, if and when submitted, is reviewed by an advisory committee, the FDA may have difficulties scheduling an advisory committee meeting in a timely manner or the advisory committee may recommend against approval of our application or may recommend that the FDA require, as a condition of approval, additional pre-clinical studies or clinical studies, limitations in approved labeling or distribution and use restrictions;

·        the FDA may require the development of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, or REMS, as a condition of approval or post-approval;

·        the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory agency may not approve the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we contract; or

·        the FDA may change its approval policies or adopt new regulations.

Any of these factors, many of which are beyond our control, could jeopardize our ability to obtain regulatory approval for and successfully market ETC-1002. Moreover, because our business is almost entirely dependent upon this one product candidate, any such setback in our pursuit of regulatory approval would have a material adverse effect on our business and prospects.

Failures or delays in the commencement or completion of our Phase 2b or pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002 could result in increased costs to us and could delay, prevent or limit our ability to generate revenue and continue our business.

We have not commenced our Phase 2b or pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies. Successful completion of such clinical studies is a prerequisite to submitting an NDA to the FDA and, consequently, the ultimate approval and commercial marketing of ETC-1002. We do not know whether our Phase 2b or pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies will begin or be completed on schedule, if at all, as the commencement and completion of clinical studies can be delayed or prevented for a number of reasons, including, among others:

·        the FDA may deny permission to proceed with Phase 3 clinical trials, including not releasing its partial clinical hold on ETC-1002 to permit us to conduct a clinical study for more than six months, or may place a clinical study on hold;

·        delays in reaching or failing to reach agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs and study sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and study sites;

·        inadequate quantity or quality of a product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical studies;

·        difficulties or delays obtaining institutional review board, or IRB, approval to conduct a clinical study at a prospective site or sites;

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·        challenges in recruiting and enrolling patients to participate in clinical studies or in a cardiovascular outcomes study, if one were to be required, including the size and nature of the patient population, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, eligibility criteria for the clinical study, the nature of the clinical study protocol, the availability of approved effective treatments for the relevant disease and competition from other clinical study programs for similar indications;

·        severe or unexpected drug-related side effects experienced by patients in a clinical study, including instances of muscle pain or weakness or other side effects previously identified in our completed clinical studies;

·        reports from pre-clinical or clinical testing of other cardiometabolic therapies that raise safety or efficacy concerns; and

·        difficulties retaining patients who have enrolled in a clinical study but may be prone to withdraw due to rigors of the study, lack of efficacy, side effects, personal issues or loss of interest.

Clinical studies may also be delayed or terminated as a result of ambiguous or negative interim results. In addition, a clinical study may be suspended or terminated by us, the FDA, the IRBs at the sites where the IRBs are overseeing a clinical study, a data safety monitoring board, or DSMB, overseeing the clinical study at issue or other regulatory authorities due to a number of factors, including, among others:

·        failure to conduct the clinical study in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols;

·        inspection of the clinical study operations or study sites by the FDA or other regulatory authorities that reveals deficiencies or violations that require us to undertake corrective action, including the imposition of a clinical hold;

·        unforeseen safety issues, including any that could be identified in our ongoing pre-clinical carcinogenicity studies, adverse side effects or lack of effectiveness;

·      changes in government regulations or administrative actions;

·        problems with clinical supply materials; and

·      lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical study.

Positive results from Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical studies of ETC-1002 are not necessarily predictive of the results of our planned Phase 2b and Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002. If we cannot replicate the positive results from our Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical studies of ETC-1002 in our Phase 2b and Phase 3 clinical studies, we may be unable to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize ETC-1002.

Positive results from ETC-1002-006, our Phase 2a clinical study, may not necessarily be predictive of the results from ETC-1002-007, our ongoing Phase 2a clinical study for which we expect to announce top-line efficacy, safety and tolerability results in early September 2013. Similarly, even if we are able to complete our planned Phase 2b and pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002 according to our current development timeline, the positive results from our Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical studies of ETC-1002 may not be replicated in our Phase 2b or pivotal Phase 3 clinical study results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical studies after achieving positive results in early stage development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, pre-clinical findings made while clinical studies were underway or safety or efficacy observations made in clinical studies, including previously unreported adverse events. Our Phase 2b clinical studies will evaluate the safety and efficacy of ETC-1002 in statin-intolerant patients and as an add-on to existing statin treatments for patients with residual risk. We expect that our Phase 3 clinical studies will evaluate the safety and efficacy of ETC-1002 in these same patient populations. Nevertheless, the results from our Phase 2a clinical studies for ETC-1002, including ETC-1002-006 and ETC-1002-007, may not be predictive of the results we may obtain in our Phase 2b or Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002. Moreover, pre-clinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses, and many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in pre-clinical studies and clinical studies nonetheless failed to obtain FDA approval. If we fail to-obtain positive results in our Phase 2b and Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002, the development timeline and regulatory approval and commercialization prospects for our leading product candidate, and, correspondingly, our business and financial prospects, would be materially adversely affected.

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We may need substantial additional capital in the future. If additional capital is not available, we will have to delay, reduce or cease operations.

Although we believe that the net proceeds from our initial public offering will be sufficient to fund our operations through the completion of our currently anticipated Phase 2b clinical studies and end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA, we will likely need to raise additional capital thereafter to continue to fund the further development of ETC-1002 and our operations. We expect to announce top-line results from our latest currently anticipated Phase 2b clinical studies in the fourth quarter of 2014 and to have our end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA in the first quarter of 2015. Our future capital requirements may be substantial and will depend on many factors including:

·        the scope, size, rate of progress, results and costs of initiating and completing our Phase 2b clinical studies of ETC-1002 and our operating costs incurred as we conduct these studies and through our planned end of Phase 2 meeting with the FDA, for which we currently estimate that we will use substantially all of the net proceeds from our initial public offering;

·        the scope, size, rate of progress, results and costs of initiating and completing our Phase 3 clinical program of ETC-1002, which currently includes two pivotal Phase 3 clinical studies and one long-term safety study, for which we only plan on using net proceeds from our initial public offering to the extent they are available;

·      the cost, timing and outcome of our efforts to obtain marketing approval for ETC-1002 in the United States, including to fund the preparation and filing of an NDA with the FDA for ETC-1002 and to satisfy related FDA requirements;

·      the number and characteristics of any additional product candidates we develop or acquire;

·      the costs associated with commercializing ETC-1002 or any future product candidates if we receive marketing approval, including the cost and timing of developing sales and marketing capabilities or entering into strategic collaborations to market and sell ETC-1002 or any future product candidates;

·      the cost of manufacturing ETC-1002 or any future product candidates and any products we successfully commercialize; and

·      the costs associated with general corporate activities, such as the cost of filing, prosecuting and enforcing patent claims.

Changing circumstances may cause us to consume capital significantly faster than we currently anticipate. Because the outcome of any clinical study is highly uncertain, we cannot reasonably estimate the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of ETC-1002 and any future product candidates. Additional financing may not be available when we need it or may not be available on terms that are favorable to us. In addition, we may seek additional capital due to favorable market conditions or strategic considerations, even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. If adequate funds are unavailable to us on a timely basis, or at all, we may not be able to continue the development of ETC-1002 or any future product candidate, or to commercialize ETC-1002 or any future product candidate, if approved, unless we find a partner.

We are a development stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception, and anticipate that we will incur continued losses for the foreseeable future.

We are a development stage company with a limited operating history on which to base your investment decision. Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. We were incorporated in January 2008. Our operations to date have been limited primarily to organizing and staffing our company and conducting research and development activities for ETC-1002. We have never generated any revenue from product sales. We have not obtained regulatory approvals for any of our product candidates. As such, we are subject to all the risks described in this prospectus incident to the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of new pharmaceutical products and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors.

Since our inception, we have focused substantially all of our efforts and financial resources on developing ETC-1002, which is currently in Phase 2 clinical development. We have funded our operations to date through proceeds from sales of preferred stock and convertible debt and have incurred losses in each year since our inception. Our net losses were $11.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2013, $11.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2012 and $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. As of June 30, 2013, we had an accumulated deficit of $53.1 million. Substantially all of our operating losses resulted from costs incurred

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in connection with our development program and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations. We expect to incur increasing levels of operating losses over the next several years and for the foreseeable future. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our stockholders’ equity and working capital. We expect our research and development expenses to significantly increase in connection with our additional clinical studies of ETC-1002 and development of any other product candidates we may choose to pursue. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for ETC-1002, we will also incur significant sales, marketing and outsourced manufacturing expenses. As a newly public company, we will incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. As a result, we expect to continue to incur significant and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future. Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with developing pharmaceutical products, we are unable to predict the extent of any future losses or when we will become profitable, if at all. Even if we do become profitable, we may not be able to sustain or increase our profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

Changes in regulatory requirements, FDA guidance or unanticipated events during our Phase 2b or Phase 3 clinical studies of ETC-1002 may occur, which may result in changes to clinical study protocols or additional clinical study requirements, such as the initiation or completion of a cardiovascular outcomes trial, which could result in increased costs to us and could delay our development timeline.

Changes in regulatory requirements, FDA guidance or unanticipated events during our clinical studies may force us to amend clinical study protocols or the FDA may impose additional clinical study requirements. Amendments to our clinical study protocols would require resubmission to the FDA and IRBs for review and approval, which may adversely impact the cost, timing and/or successful completion of a clinical study. If we experience delays completing—or if we terminate—any of our Phase 2b or Phase 3 clinical studies, or if we are required to conduct additional clinical studies, such as a cardiovascular outcomes trial, the commercial prospects for ETC-1002 may be harmed and our ability to generate product revenue will be delayed. If the FDA requires us to conduct a cardiovascular outcomes trial, we may not be able to identify and enroll the requisite number of patients in that study. Even if we are successful in enrolling patients in a cardiovascular outcomes study, we may not ultimately be able to demonstrate that lowering LDL-C levels using ETC-1002 provides patients with an incremental lowering of cardiovascular disease risks and our failure to do so may delay or prejudice our ability to obtain FDA approval for ETC-1002. Our current development timeline for ETC-1002 does not contemplate the completion of a cardiovascular outcomes trial. Any such study, if required, would be costly and time-consuming and, regardless of the outcome, would adversely affect our development timeline and financial condition.

Even if we receive marketing approval for ETC-1002, we may still face future development and regulatory difficulties.

Even if we receive marketing approval for ETC-1002, regulatory authorities may still impose significant restrictions on ETC-1002’s indicated uses or marketing or impose ongoing requirements for potentially costly post-approval studies, such as a cardiovascular outcomes trial. ETC-1002 will also be subject to ongoing FDA requirements governing the packaging, storage, labeling, advertising and promotion of the product, recordkeeping and submission of safety updates and other post-marketing information. The FDA has significant post-marketing authority, including, for example, the authority to require labeling changes based on new safety information and to require post-marketing studies or clinical studies to evaluate serious safety risks related to the use of a drug product. The FDA also has the authority to require, as part of an NDA or post-approval, the submission of a REMS. Any REMS required by the FDA may lead to increased costs to assure compliance with post-approval regulatory requirements and potential requirements or restrictions on the sale of approved products, all of which could lead to lower sales volume and revenue.

Manufacturers of drug products and their facilities are subject to continual review and periodic inspections by the FDA and other regulatory authorities for compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices and other regulations. If we or a regulatory agency discover problems with ETC-1002, such as adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or problems with the facility where ETC-1002 is manufactured, a regulatory agency may impose restrictions on ETC-1002, the manufacturer or us, including requiring withdrawal of ETC-1002 from the market or suspension of manufacturing. If we, ETC-1002 or the manufacturing facilities for ETC-1002 fail to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, a regulatory agency may, among other things:

·        issue warning letters or untitled letters;

·      seek an injunction or impose civil or criminal penalties or monetary fines;

·      suspend or withdraw marketing approval;

·      suspend any ongoing clinical studies;

·        refuse to approve pending applications or supplements to applications submitted by us;

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·        suspend or impose restrictions on operations, including costly new manufacturing requirements; or

·        seize or detain products, refuse to permit the import or export of products, or request that we initiate a product recall.

Even if we receive marketing approval for ETC-1002 in the United States, we may never receive regulatory approval to market ETC-1002 outside of the United States.

We have not yet selected any markets outside of the United States where we intend to seek regulatory approval to market ETC-1002. In order to market any product outside of the United States, however, we must establish and comply with the numerous and varying efficacy, safety and other regulatory requirements of other countries. Approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional product candidate testing and additional administrative review periods. The time required to obtain approvals in other countries might differ from that required to obtain FDA approval. The marketing approval processes in other countries may include all of the risks detailed above regarding FDA approval in the United States as well as other risks. In particular, in many countries outside of the United States, products must receive pricing and reimbursement approval before the product can be commercialized. Obtaining this approval can result in substantial delays in bringing products to market in such countries. Marketing approval in one country does not ensure marketing approval in another, but a failure or delay in obtaining marketing approval in one country may have a negative effect on the regulatory process in others. Failure to obtain marketing approval in other countries or any delay or other setback in obtaining such approval would impair our ability to commercialize ETC-1002 in such foreign markets. Any such impairment would reduce the size of our potential market, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and prospects.

Even if we receive marketing approval for ETC-1002, it may not achieve broad market acceptance, which would limit the revenue that we generate from its sales.

The commercial success of ETC-1002, if approved by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, will depend upon the awareness and acceptance of ETC-1002 among the medical community, including physicians, patients and healthcare payors. Market acceptance of ETC-1002, if approved, will depend on a number of factors, including, among others:

·        ETC-1002’s demonstrated ability to treat statin intolerant patients with hypercholesterolemia and, if required by any applicable regulatory authority in connection with the approval for this or any other indication, to provide patients with incremental cardiovascular disease benefits, as compared with other available therapies;

·      the relative convenience and ease of administration of ETC-1002, including as compared with other treatments for patients with hypercholesterolemia;

·        the prevalence and severity of any adverse side effects such as muscle pain or weakness;

·        limitations or warnings contained in the labeling approved for ETC-1002 by the FDA;

·        availability of alternative treatments, including a number of competitive LDL-C lowering therapies already approved or expected to be commercially launched in the near future;

·        pricing and cost effectiveness;

·        the effectiveness of our sales and marketing strategies;

·        our ability to increase awareness of ETC-1002 through marketing efforts;

·        our ability to obtain sufficient third-party coverage or reimbursement; and

·        the willingness of patients to pay out-of-pocket in the absence of third-party coverage.

If ETC-1002 is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of acceptance by patients, physicians and payors, we may not generate sufficient revenue from ETC-1002 to become or remain profitable. Before granting reimbursement approval, healthcare payors may require us to demonstrate that, in addition to lowering elevated LDL-C levels, ETC-1002 also provides incremental cardiovascular disease benefits to patients. Our efforts to educate the medical community and third-party payors about the benefits of ETC-1002 may require significant resources and may never be successful.

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If we are unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell ETC-1002, we may not be able to generate any revenue.

We do not currently have an infrastructure for the sales, marketing and distribution of pharmaceutical products. In order to market ETC-1002, if approved by the FDA or any other regulatory body, we must build our sales, marketing, managerial, and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these services. If we are unable to establish adequate sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, whether independently or with third parties, or if we are unable to do so on commercially reasonable terms, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects will be materially adversely affected.

Even if we obtain marketing approval for ETC-1002, physicians and patients using other LDL-C lowering therapies may choose not to switch to our product.

Physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially more effective, safe or convenient treatments enter the market. In addition, patients often acclimate to the brand or type of therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unless their physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies. If physicians or patients are reluctant to switch from existing therapies to ETC-1002, if approved, our operating results and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.

Guidelines and recommendations published by various organizations may adversely affect the use or commercial viability of ETC-1002, if approved.

Government agencies issue regulations and guidelines directly applicable to us and to ETC-1002, including guidelines generally relating to therapeutically significant LDL-C levels. In addition, professional societies, practice management groups, private health or science foundations and other organizations involved in the research, treatment and prevention of various diseases from time to time publish guidelines or recommendations to the medical and patient communities. These various sorts of recommendations may relate to such matters as product usage and use of related or competing therapies. For example, organizations such as the American Heart Association have made recommendations about therapies in the cardiovascular therapeutics market. Changes to these existing recommendations or other guidelines advocating alternative therapies could result in decreased use of ETC-1002, if approved, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

Even if approved, reimbursement policies could limit our ability to sell ETC-1002.

Market acceptance and sales of ETC-1002 will depend on reimbursement policies and may be affected by healthcare reform measures. Government authorities and third-party payors, such as private health insurers and health maintenance organizations, decide which medications they will pay for and establish reimbursement levels for those medications. Cost containment is a primary concern in the U.S. healthcare industry and elsewhere. Government authorities and these third-party payors have attempted to control costs by limiting coverage and the amount of reimbursement for particular medications. We cannot be sure that reimbursement will be available for ETC-1002 and, if reimbursement is available, the level of such reimbursement. Reimbursement may impact the demand for, or the price of, ETC-1002. If reimbursement is not available or is available only at limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize ETC-1002.

In some foreign countries, particularly in Canada and European countries, the pricing of prescription pharmaceuticals is subject to strict governmental control. In these countries, pricing negotiations with governmental authorities can take six to 12 months or longer after the receipt of regulatory approval and product launch. To obtain favorable reimbursement for the indications sought or pricing approval in some countries, we may be required to conduct a clinical study that compares the cost-effectiveness of ETC-1002 with other available therapies. If reimbursement for ETC-1002 is unavailable in any country in which we seek reimbursement, if it is limited in scope or amount, if it is conditioned upon our completion of additional clinical studies, or if pricing is set at unsatisfactory levels, our operating results could be materially adversely affected.

Our product development programs for candidates other than ETC-1002 may require substantial financial resources and may ultimately be unsuccessful.

In addition to the development of ETC-1002, we may pursue the development of our other two early-stage development programs. Neither of our other potential product candidates has commenced any clinical studies, and there are a number of FDA requirements that we must satisfy before we can commence such clinical studies. Satisfaction of these requirements will entail substantial time, effort and financial resources. We may never satisfy these requirements. Any time, effort and financial resources we expend on our other two early-stage development programs may adversely affect our ability to continue development and commercialization of ETC-1002, and we may never commence clinical studies of such development programs despite expending significant resources in pursuit of their

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