Edgar Filing: DIGITAL ALLY INC

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X]

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017.

[ ]

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________.

Commission File Number: 001-33899

Digital Ally, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada		20-0064269
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9705 Loiret Blvd, Lenexa, KS 66219

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(913) 814-7774

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes [X] No [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer [ ]		Accelerated filer [ ]
Non-accelerated filer [ ]	(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company [X]
		Emerging growth company [ ]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes [ ] No [X]

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Class		Outstanding at November 1, 2017
Common Stock, $0.001 par value			6,979,731

FORM 10-Q

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

TABLE OF CONTENTS		Page(s)

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2017 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2016		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)		4

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 (Unaudited)		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (Unaudited)		6

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)		7-26

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.		27-52

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.		53

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.		53

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.		53-55

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.		56

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.		56

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.		56

Item 5. Other Information.		56

Item 6. Exhibits.		56

SIGNATURES		57

EXHIBITS

CERTIFICATIONS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 – Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND DECEMBER 31, 2016

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	316,174		$	3,883,124
Accounts receivable-trade, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $70,000 – 2017 and 2016		1,861,009			2,519,184
Accounts receivable-other		434,891			341,326
Inventories, net		10,061,991			9,586,311
Restricted cash		500,000			—
Prepaid expenses		451,787			402,158
Total current assets		13,625,852			16,732,103

Furniture, fixtures and equipment, net		778,095			873,902
Restricted cash		—			500,000
Intangible assets, net		511,141			467,176
Other assets		141,853			261,915
Total assets	$	15,056,941		$	18,835,096

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	2,732,336		$	2,455,579
Accrued expenses		1,161,985			1,542,729
Derivative liabilities		15,729			33,076
Capital lease obligation-current		16,866			32,792
Deferred revenue-current		1,258,226			925,932
Subordinated notes payable, net of discount of $117,000-2017 and $0-2016		533,000			—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value		3,183,210			—
Income taxes payable		10,143			7,048
Total current liabilities		8,911,495			4,997,156

Long-term liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value		—			4,000,000
Capital lease obligation-less current portion		—			8,492
Deferred revenue-long term		2,077,479			2,073,176

Total liabilities		10,988,974			11,078,824

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders’ Equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 25,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued: 7,065,249– 2017 and 5,552,449 – 2016		7,065			5,552
Additional paid in capital		63,728,254			59,565,288
Treasury stock, at cost (63,518 shares)		(2,157,226	)		(2,157,226	)
Accumulated deficit		(57,510,126	)		(49,657,342	)
Total stockholders’ equity		4,067,967			7,756,272
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	15,056,941		$	18,835,096

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016

Revenue:
Product	$	2,521,663		$	3,836,691		$	10,263,833		$	11,946,100
Service and other		461,914			502,836			1,436,106			1,182,781

Total revenue		2,983,577			4,339,527			11,699,939			13,128,881

Cost of revenue:
Product		1,709,046			2,235,489			6,450,570			7,487,747
Service and other		265,918			70,467			790,691			488,708
Total cost of revenue		1,974,964			2,305,956			7,241,261			7,976,455

Gross profit		1,008,613			2,033,571			4,458,678			5,152,426
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		831,573			731,077			2,495,924			2,353,081
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		1,048,334			1,369,244			3,036,168			3,295,743
Stock-based compensation expense		478,863			422,246			981,652			1,203,312
General and administrative expense		1,766,538			2,752,645			5,356,439			6,772,483
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		4,125,308			5,275,212			11,870,183			13,624,619
Operating loss		(3,116,695	)		(3,241,641	)		(7,411,505	)		(8,472,193	)

Interest income		1,761			5,913			10,619			22,103
Interest expense		(375,048	)		(776	)		(536,035	)		(2,438	)
Change in warrant derivative liabilities		3,628			(19,075	)		17,347			18,740
Change in fair value of secured convertible notes payable		(6,952	)		—			66,790			—
Loss before income tax expense		(3,493,306	)		(3,255,579	)		(7,852,784	)		(8,433,788	)
Income tax (expense) benefit		—			—			—			—
Net loss	$	(3,493,306	)	$	(3,255,579	)	$	(7,852,784	)	$	(8,433,788	)
Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)
Diluted	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)

Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic		6,249,116			5,380,855			5,851,428			5,315,646
Diluted		6,249,116			5,380,855			5,851,428			5,315,646

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017
(Unaudited)

	Common Stock						Additional Paid In			Treasury			Accumulated
	Shares			Amount			Capital			stock			deficit			Total
Balance, December 31, 2016		5,552,449		$	5,552		$	59,565,288		$	(2,157,226	)	$	(49,657,342	)	$	7,756,272

Stock-based compensation		—			—			981,652			—			—			981,652
Restricted common stock grant		522,000			522			(522	)		—			—			—
Restricted common stock forfeitures		(9,200	)		(9	)		9			—			—			—
Issuance of common stock purchase warrants related to issuance of subordinated notes payable		—			—			405,895			—			—			405,895
Issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs of $223,068		940,000			940			2,775,392			—			—			2,776,332
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock purchase warrants		60,000			60			540			—			—			600

Net loss		—			—			—			—			(7,852,784	)		(7,852,784	)
Balance, September 30, 2017		7,065,249		$	7,065		$	63,728,254		$	(2,157,226	)	$	(57,510,126	)	$	4,067,967

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2017 AND 2016
(Unaudited)

	2017			2016

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(7,852,784	)	$	(8,433,788	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash flows used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		507,358			430,537
Stock-based compensation		981,652			1,203,312
Change in derivative liabilities		(17,347	)		(18,740	)
Change in fair value of secured convertible debentures		(66,790	)		—
Provision for inventory obsolescence		417,732			253,048
Amortization of discount on subordinated note payable		288,895			—
Provision for doubtful accounts receivable		—			(4,997	)
Change in assets and liabilities:
(Increase) decrease in:
Accounts receivable - trade		658,175			856,388
Accounts receivable - other		(93,565	)		(147,047	)
Inventories		(893,412	)		(3,558	)
Prepaid expenses		(49,629	)		(47,746	)
Other assets		120,062			24,527
Increase (decrease) in:
Accounts payable		276,757			403,607
Accrued expenses		(380,744	)		311,666
Income taxes payable		3,095			(3,091	)
Deferred revenue		336,597			449,271

Net cash used in operating activities		(5,763,948	)		(4,726,611	)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of furniture, fixtures and equipment		(316,751	)		(284,644	)
Additions to intangible assets		(138,765	)		(89,263	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(455,516	)		(373,907	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated notes payable		1,000,000			—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants, net of issuance costs		2,776,332			—
Principal payment on secured convertible debentures		(750,000	)		—
Principal payment on subordinated notes payable		(350,000	)		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants		600			19,055
Principal payments on capital lease obligation		(24,418	)		(26,917	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		2,652,514			(7,862	)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(3,566,950	)		(5,108,380	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		3,883,124			6,924,079
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	316,174		$	1,815,699

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash payments for interest	$	166,138		$	2,425
Cash payments for income taxes	$	6,906		$	10,591

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Restricted common stock grant	$	522		$	200
Restricted common stock forfeitures	$	9		$	—

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

DIGITAL ALLY, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

NOTE 1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business:

Digital Ally, Inc. and subsidiaries (collectively, “Digital Ally,” “Digital,” the “Company,” “we,” “ours” and “us”) produces digital video imaging and storage products for use in law enforcement, security and commercial applications. Its products are an in-car digital video/audio recorder contained in a rear-view mirror for use in law enforcement and commercial fleets; a system that provides its law enforcement customers with audio/video surveillance from multiple vantage points and hands-free automatic activation of body-worn cameras and in-car video systems; a miniature digital video system designed to be worn on an individual’s body; a weather-resistant mobile digital video recording system for use on motorcycles, ATV’s and boats; a hand-held laser speed detection device that it is offering primarily to law enforcement agencies; and cloud storage solutions. The Company has active research and development programs to adapt its technologies to other applications. It can integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to address needs in a variety of other industries and markets, including mass transit, school bus, taxi cab and the military. The Company sells its products to law enforcement agencies and other security organizations and consumer and commercial fleet operators through direct sales domestically and third-party distributors internationally.

The Company was originally incorporated in Nevada on December 13, 2000 as Vegas Petra, Inc. and had no operations until 2004. On November 30, 2004, Vegas Petra, Inc. entered into a Plan of Merger with Digital Ally, Inc., at which time the merged entity was renamed Digital Ally, Inc.

Management’s Liquidity Plan

The Company incurred substantial operating losses in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and recent years primarily due to reduced revenues and gross margins caused by specific product quality issues resulting in the significant delays in customer orders and product rework expenditures. In addition, the Company accessed the public and private capital markets to raise debt and equity of approximately $300,000 on September 29, 2017, $3.0 million on August 23, 2017, $700,000 on June 30, 2017, $4.0 million in December 2016 and $11.0 million in 2015 to fund its operations until it achieves positive cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $57.5 million and has financed its recent operations primarily through debt and equity financings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and year ended December 31, 2016, the Company incurred net losses of approximately $7.85 and $12.7 million, respectively, and used cash in operating activities of $5.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively. The $300,000 principal amount of subordinated notes payable (the “Notes”) matures on November 30, 2017 and the remaining $350,000 principal amount matures on December 31, 2017. Additionally, the $4.0 million principal amount of 8% Secured Convertible Debentures (the “Debentures”) matures in March 2018 unless the Debentures are converted by their holders ($5.00 per share conversion rate) before maturity. The Notes and Debentures represent current liabilities as of September 30, 2017 and will require the Company to raise substantial funds to liquidate if operating results do not improve before the maturity dates of such Notes and Debentures. These conditions indicate that there is substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements are issued.

The Company will need to restore positive operating cash flows and profitability over the next twelve months and/or raise additional capital to fund operations, accommodate the potential liquidity needs to retire the Debentures at their maturity, meet its payment obligations and execute its business plan. There can be no assurance that it will be successful in restoring positive cash flows and profitability, or that it can raise additional financing if and when needed, and obtain it on terms acceptable or favorable to the Company.

Management has implemented a quality control function that is tasked with the detection and correction of product issues before they result in significant rework expenditures affecting the Company’s gross margins. In addition, the Company has undertaken cost reduction initiatives, including restructuring its direct sales force and reducing other selling, general and administrative costs. The Company has introduced a new full high definition in-car video system (DVM-800 HD), which is intended to help it regain market share and improve revenues in its law enforcement division. The Company has increased its addressable market to non-law enforcement customers and obtained significant new non-law enforcement contracts in 2017, which contracts include recurring revenue over the 2017 to 2019 period. Management believes that its quality control and cost cutting initiatives, introduction of the DVM-800 HD for law enforcement and expansion to non-law enforcement sales channels will restore positive operating cash flows and profitability during the next year, although it can offer no assurances in this regard. The Company’s plan also includes raising additional capital if required. The Company has demonstrated its ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and believes that it could raise additional capital during the next 12 months if required, but again can offer no assurances in this regard. Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

The following is a summary of the Company’s Significant Accounting Policies:

Basis of Consolidation:

The accompanying financial statements include the consolidated accounts of Digital Ally and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Digital Ally International, Inc., MP Ally, LLC, Medical Devices Ally, LLC and Digitaldeck, LLC. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated during consolidation.

The Company formed Digital Ally International, Inc. during August 2009 to facilitate the export sales of its products. In addition, Medical Devices Ally, LLC was formed in July 2014, MP Ally, LLC was formed in July 2015, and Digitaldeck, LLC was formed in June 2017, all of which have been inactive since formation.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The carrying amounts of financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The Company accounts for its derivative liabilities and its secured convertible debentures on a fair value basis.

Revenue Recognition:

Revenues from the sale of products are recorded when the product is shipped, title and risk of loss has transferred to the purchaser, payment terms are fixed or determinable and payment is reasonably assured. Customers do not have a right to return the product other than for warranty reasons for which they would only receive repair services or replacement product.

The Company sells its products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

	●	Sales to domestic customers are made direct to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through its sales force, which is composed of its employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.

	●	Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from the Company at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.

	●	Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by its inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

Sales taxes collected on products sold are excluded from revenues and are reported as an accrued expense in the accompanying balance sheets until payments are remitted.

Service and other revenue is comprised of revenues from extended warranties, repair services, cloud revenue and software revenue. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the product and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer for repair services. Revenue for extended warranty, cloud service or other software-based are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the contracted warranty or service period on a straight-line method.

Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty on a straight-line method.

Multiple element arrangements consisting of product, software, cloud and extended warranties are offered to our customers. Revenue arrangements with multiple deliverables are divided into separate units and revenue is allocated using the relative selling price method based upon vendor-specific objective evidence of selling price or third-party evidence of the selling prices if vendor-specific objective evidence of selling prices does not exist. If neither vendor-specific objective evidence nor third-party evidence exists, management uses its best estimate of selling price. The majority of the Company’s allocations of arrangement consideration under multiple element arrangements are performed using vendor-specific objective evidence by utilizing prices charged to customers for deliverables when sold separately. The Company’s multiple element arrangements may include future in-car or body-worn camera devices to be delivered at defined points within a multi-year contract, and in those arrangements, the Company allocates total arrangement consideration over the life of the multi-year contract to future deliverables using management’s best estimate of selling price. The Company has not utilized third-party evidence of selling price.

Sales returns and allowances aggregated $12,390 and $61,673 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(15,195) and $263,663 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Obligations for estimated sales returns and allowances are recognized at the time of sales on an accrual basis. The accrual is determined based upon historical return rates adjusted for known changes in key variables affecting these return rates. A customer paid under a sales transaction in March 2017 that had been accrued to be returned at December 31, 2016, which the caused the negative sales returns for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Use of Estimates:

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and cash equivalents:

Cash and cash equivalents include funds on hand, in bank and short-term investments with original maturities of ninety (90) days or less.

Cash and cash equivalents that are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of the secured convertible debentures are presented as restricted cash separate from cash and cash equivalents on the accompanying balance sheet.

Accounts Receivable:

Accounts receivable are carried at original invoice amount less an estimate made for doubtful receivables based on a review of all outstanding amounts on a weekly basis. The Company determines the allowance for doubtful accounts by regularly evaluating individual customer receivables and considering a customer’s financial condition, credit history, and current economic conditions. Trade receivables are written off when deemed uncollectible. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received.

A trade receivable is considered to be past due if any portion of the receivable balance is outstanding for more than thirty (30) days beyond terms. No interest is charged on overdue trade receivables.

Inventories:

Inventories consist of electronic parts, circuitry boards, camera parts and ancillary parts (collectively, “components”), work-in-process and finished goods, and are carried at the lower of cost (First-in, First-out Method) or market value. The Company determines the estimate for the reserve for slow moving or obsolete inventories by regularly evaluating individual inventory levels, projected sales and current economic conditions.

Furniture, fixtures and equipment:

Furniture, fixtures and equipment is stated at cost net of accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements are capitalized while ordinary maintenance and repair expenditures are charged to expense as incurred. Depreciation is recorded by the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, which ranges from two to ten years. Amortization expense on capitalized leases is included with depreciation expense.

Intangible assets:

Intangible assets include deferred patent costs and license agreements. Legal expenses incurred in preparation of patent application have been deferred and will be amortized over the useful life of granted patents. Costs incurred in preparation of applications that are not granted will be charged to expense at that time. The Company has entered into several sublicense agreements under which it has been assigned the exclusive rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. These sublicense agreements generally require upfront payments to obtain the exclusive rights to such material. The Company capitalizes the upfront payments as intangible assets and amortizes such costs over their estimated useful life on a straight-line method.

Secured convertible debentures:

The Company has elected to record its Debentures at fair value. Accordingly, the Debentures will be marked-to-market at each reporting date with the change in fair value reported as a gain (loss) in the statement of operations. All issuance costs related to the Debentures were expensed as incurred in the statement of operations.

Long-Lived Assets:

Long-lived assets such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangible assets subject to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If circumstances require a long-lived asset or asset group be tested for possible impairment, the Company first compares undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by that asset or asset group to its carrying value. If the carrying value of the long-lived asset or asset group is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, an impairment is recognized to the extent that the carrying value exceeds its fair value. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow models, quoted market values and third-party appraisals, as considered necessary.

Warranties:

The Company’s products carry explicit product warranties that extend up to two years from the date of shipment. The Company records a provision for estimated warranty costs based upon historical warranty loss experience and periodically adjusts these provisions to reflect actual experience. Accrued warranty costs are included in accrued expenses. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Shipping and Handling Costs:

Shipping and handling costs for outbound sales orders totaled $11,858 and $26,077 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $51,949 and $72,296 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Advertising Costs:

Advertising expense includes costs related to trade shows and conventions, promotional material and supplies, and media costs. Advertising costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. The Company incurred total advertising expense of approximately $346,935 and $615,586 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $617,264 and $936,998 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Such costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes:

Deferred taxes are provided for by the liability method in which deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company applies the provisions of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) No. 740 - Income Taxes that provides a framework for accounting for uncertainty in income taxes and provided a comprehensive model to recognize, measure, present, and disclose in its financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. It initially recognizes tax positions in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions are initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. Application requires numerous estimates based on available information. The Company considers many factors when evaluating and estimating its tax positions and tax benefits, and it recognized tax positions and tax benefits may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As it obtains additional information, the Company may need to periodically adjust its recognized tax positions and tax benefits. These periodic adjustments may have a material impact on its consolidated statements of operations.

The Company’s policy is to record estimated interest and penalties related to the underpayment of income taxes as income tax expense in the consolidated statements of operations. There was no interest expense related to the underpayment of estimated taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. There have been no penalties in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. As of September 30, 2017, the Company’s tax returns filed for 2013, 2014, and 2015 and to be filed for 2016 are subject to examination by the relevant taxing authorities. With few exceptions, as of September 30, 2017, the Company is no longer subject to Federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2013.

Research and Development Expenses:

The Company expenses all research and development costs as incurred. Development costs of computer software to be sold, leased, or otherwise marketed are subject to capitalization beginning when a product’s technological feasibility has been established and ending when a product is available for general release to customers. In most instances, the Company’s products are released soon after technological feasibility has been established. Costs incurred subsequent to achievement of technological feasibility were not significant, and software development costs were expensed as incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

Common Stock Purchase Warrants:

The Company has common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as liabilities under the caption of derivative liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and recorded at fair value due to the warrant agreements containing anti-dilution provisions. The change in fair value being recorded in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company has common stock common stock purchase warrants that are accounted for as equity based on their relative fair value and are not subject to re-measurement.

Stock-Based Compensation:

The Company grants stock-based compensation to its employees, board of directors and certain third-party contractors. Share-based compensation arrangements may include the issuance of options to purchase common stock in the future or the issuance of restricted stock, which generally are subject to vesting requirements. The Company records stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based compensation granted based on the grant-date fair value. The Company recognizes these compensation costs on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award.

The Company estimates the grant-date fair value of stock-based compensation using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Assumptions used to estimate compensation expense are determined as follows:

	●	Expected term is determined using the contractual term and vesting period of the award;

	●	Expected volatility of award grants made in the Company’s plan is measured using the weighted average of historical daily changes in the market price of the Company’s common stock over the period equal to the expected term of the award;

	●	Expected dividend rate is determined based on expected dividends to be declared;

	●	Risk-free interest rate is equivalent to the implied yield on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury bonds with a maturity equal to the expected term of the awards; and

	●	Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Segments of Business:

Management has determined that its operations are comprised of one reportable segment: the sale of digital audio and video recording and speed detection devices. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, sales by geographic area were as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Sales by geographic area:
United States of America	$	2,747,053		3,512,075	$	11,373,569	$	11,974,469
Foreign		236,524		827,452		326,370		1,154,412
	$	2,983,577	$	4,339,527	$	11,699,939	$	13,128,881

Sales to customers outside of the United States are denominated in U.S. dollars. All Company assets are physically located within the United States.

Reclassification of Prior Year Presentation:

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASU 2014-09”), which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company has selected the cumulative effect transition method and is currently evaluating the guidance to determine the impact on retained earnings but it does not expect the adoption to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. The amendments in the ASU require entities that measure inventory using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. This ASU simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes by eliminating the requirement for entities to separate deferred tax liabilities and assets into current and noncurrent amounts in classified balance sheets. Instead, it requires deferred tax assets and liabilities be classified as noncurrent in the balance sheet. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and such adoption did not have any impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The objective of ASU 2016-02 is to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases under previous U.S. GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of ASU 2016-02 is permitted. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718). The objective of ASU 2016-09 is to reduce the complexity of certain aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions. As a result of this ASU, there are changes to minimum statutory withholding requirements, accounting for forfeitures, and accounting for income taxes. The Company adopted this new standard on January 1, 2017 and elected to account for forfeitures as they occur and has resulted in a credit to stock-based compensation of $256,167 relative to forfeitures during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Clarification on Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments on the Statement of Cash Flows, to create consistency in the classification of eight specific cash flow items. This standard is effective for calendar-year SEC registrants beginning in 2018. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows - Restricted Cash (Topic 230), which amends the existing guidance relating to the disclosure of restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-18 on its Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Stock Compensation (Topic 718)-Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance on determining which changes to terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating the effects adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017.

The balance sheet at December 31, 2016 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for complete financial statements.

For further information, refer to the financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

NOTE 3. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK AND MAJOR CUSTOMERS

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Sales to domestic customers are typically made on credit and the Company generally does not require collateral while sales to international customers require payment before shipment or backing by an irrevocable letter or credit. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and maintains an allowance for estimated losses. Accounts are written off when deemed uncollectible and accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts. The allowance for doubtful accounts totaled $70,000 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

The Company uses primarily a network of unaffiliated distributors for international sales and employee-based direct sales force for domestic sales. No distributor individually exceeded 10% of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 or September 30, 2016. No individual customer receivable balance exceeded 10% of total accounts receivable as of September 30, 2017 or September 30, 2016.

The Company purchases finished circuit boards and other proprietary component parts from suppliers located in the United States and on a limited basis from Asia. Although the Company obtains certain of these components from single source suppliers, it generally owns all tooling and management has located alternative suppliers to reduce the risk in most cases to supplier problems that could result in significant production delays. The Company has not historically experienced significant supply disruptions from any of its principal vendors and does not anticipate future supply disruptions. The Company acquires most of its components on a purchase order basis and does not have long-term contracts with its suppliers.

NOTE 4. INVENTORIES

Inventories consisted of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,828,517		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		141,900			355,715
Finished goods		7,509,227			7,215,346
Subtotal		12,479,644			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,417,653	)		(1,999,920	)
Total	$	10,061,991		$	9,586,311

Finished goods inventory includes units held by potential customers and sales agents for test and evaluation purposes. The cost of such units totaled $711,024 and $634,059 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

NOTE 5. FURNITURE, FIXTURES AND EQUIPMENT

Furniture, fixtures and equipment consisted of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	Estimated Useful Life	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	3-10 years	$	881,874		$	1,074,533
Warehouse and production equipment	3-5 years		509,292			643,250
Demonstration and tradeshow equipment	2-5 years		426,582			451,750
Leasehold improvements	2-5 years		160,198			153,828
Rental equipment	1-3 years		93,137			60,354
Total cost			2,071,083			2,383,715
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization			(1,292,988	)		(1,509,813	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment		$	778,095		$	873,902

Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures and equipment aggregated $412,558 and $399,950 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

NOTE 6. SECURED CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES, SUBORDINATED NOTES PAYABLE, AND CAPITAL LEASE OBLIGATIONS

2016 Secured Convertible Debentures. Secured Convertible Debentures is comprised of the following:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value	$	3,183,210		$	4,000,000
Less: Current maturities of secured convertible debentures, at fair value		(3,183,210	)		—
Secured convertible debentures, at fair value-long-term	$	—		$	4,000,000

On December 30, 2016, the Company completed a private placement (the “Private Placement”) of $4.0 million in principal amount of the Debentures and common stock warrants (the “Warrants”) to two institutional investors. The Debentures and Warrants were issued pursuant to a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and the purchasers’ signatory thereto (the “Holders”). The Private Placement resulted in gross proceeds of $4.0 million before placement agent fees and other expenses associated with the transaction totaling $281,570, which was expensed as incurred.

The Company elected to account for the Debentures on the fair value basis. Therefore, the Company determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $4.0 million for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of the origination date. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the convertible note including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. The Company made principal payments of $750,000 on August 24, 2017 against the Debentures. The change in the fair value of the Debentures between December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 was $(66,790) and was reflected as income in the Condensed Statement of Operations.

Prior to the maturity date, the Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum with interest payable in cash quarterly in arrears on the first business day of each calendar quarter following the issuance date. The Debentures rank senior to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness and are secured by substantially all tangible and certain intangible assets of the Company.

The Debentures are convertible at any time six months after their date of issue at the option of the holders into shares of the Company’s common stock at $5.00 per share (the “Conversion Price”). The Debentures mature on March 30, 2018. The Warrants are exercisable to purchase up to an aggregate of 800,000 shares of the Company’s common stock commencing on the date of issuance at an exercise price of $5.00 per share (the “Exercise Price”). The Warrants will expire on the fifth anniversary of their date of issuance. The Conversion Price and Exercise Price are subject to adjustment upon stock splits, reverse stock splits, and similar capital changes.

The Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to redeem the Debenture with 30 days advance notice with the redemption amount determined as the sum of (a) 112% of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture, (b) accrued but unpaid interest and (c) all liquidated damages and other amounts due in respect of the Debenture, if any.

Additionally, if following the six-month anniversary of the Original Issue Date, the VWAP (volume weighted average price), for each of any ten (10) consecutive trading days exceeds $7.50 per share, the Company has the right, subject to certain limitations, to provide written notice to the Holders to cause them to convert all or part of the then outstanding principal amount of the Debenture plus accrued but unpaid interest.

Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the Debentures bear interest at 18% per annum and a Holder may require the Company to redeem all or a portion of its Debenture. The Company has agreed to maintain a cash balance of $500,000 while the Debentures are outstanding, which is reflected as restricted cash in the accompanying balance sheet. The Holders have agreed to beneficial conversion limitation that effectively blocks either Holder from converting the Debenture or exercising the Warrant to the extent that such conversion or exercise would result in the Holder being the beneficial owner in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election of purchaser, 9.99%), which beneficial ownership limitation may be increased or decreased up to 9.99% upon notice to the Company, provided that any increase in such limitation will not be effective until 61 days following notice to the Company.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, the Company was required to make payments totaling $750,000 to the holders of the Debentures resulting from the repayment provisions of the Debentures relative to additional capital raises.

Subordinated Notes Payable. Subordinated notes payable is comprised of the following:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Subordinated notes payable, at par	$	650,000		$	—
Unamortized discount		(117,000	)		—

Total subordinated notes payable	$	533,000		$	—

On June 30, 2017, the Company, in two separate transactions, borrowed an aggregate of $700,000 under two unsecured notes payable to private, third-party lenders. The loans were funded on June 30, 2017 and both were represented by promissory notes (the “Notes”) that bore interest at the rate of 8% per annum with principal and accrued interest payable on or before their maturity date of September 30, 2017. The Notes were unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Notes. The Company granted the lenders warrants (the “Warrants”) exercisable to purchase a total of 200,000 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $3.65 per share until June 29, 2022. The Company allocated $288,895 of the proceeds of the Notes to additional paid-in-capital, which represented the grant date relative fair value of the Warrants for 200,000 common shares issued to the lenders. The discount was amortized to interest expense ratably over the terms of the Note. On September 30, 2017, the Company obtained an extension of the maturity date of one of the Notes to December 31, 2017. The Company paid the second Note in full in August 2017.

On September 29, 2017, the Company borrowed $300,000 under an unsecured note payable with a private, third party lender (also referred to as the “Note”). The loan is represented by a promissory note that bears interest at 8% per annum and is payable in cash on or before the maturity date. The Note is due and payable in full on November 30, 2017 and may be prepaid without penalty at any time. The Note is unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Note. The Company issued warrants to the lender exercisable to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock for $2.75 per share until September 30, 2022. The Company allocated $117,000 of the proceeds of the Note to additional paid-in-capital, which represented the grant date relative fair value of the warrants issued to the lender. The discount will be amortized to interest expense ratably over the terms of the note.

The discount amortized to interest expense totaled $288,895 and $-0- for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

Capital Leases. Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable capital leases having terms in excess of one year are as follows:

Year ending December 31:

2017 (period from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	8,575
2018		8,574
Total future minimum lease payments		17,149
Less amount representing interest		283
Present value of minimum lease payments		16,866
Less current portion		16,866
Capital lease obligations, less current portion	$	—

Assets under capital leases are included in furniture, fixtures and equipment as follows:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Office furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	250,843		$	382,928
Less: accumulated amortization		(208,353	)		(294,895	)
Net furniture, fixtures and equipment	$	42,490		$	88,033

NOTE 7. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

In accordance with ASC Topic 820 — Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), the Company utilizes the market approach to measure fair value for its financial assets and liabilities. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets, liabilities or a group of assets or liabilities, such as a business.

ASC 820 utilizes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The following is a brief description of those three levels:

●	Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

●	Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

●	Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.

	September 30, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	3,183,210	$	3,183,210
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	15,729	$	15,729
	$	—	$	—	$	3,198,939	$	3,198,939

		December 31, 2016
		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Secured convertible debentures	$	—	$	—	$	4,000,000	$	4,000,000
Warrant derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	33,076	$	33,076
	$	—	$	—	$	4,033,076	$	4,033,076

The following table represents the change in level 3 tier value measurements:

	Warrant derivative liability			Secured convertible debentures			Total
December 31, 2016	$	33,076		$	4,000,000		$	4,033,076
Payments made on debentures		—			(750,000	)		(750,000	)
Change in fair value		(17,347	)		(66,790	)		(84,137	)
September 30, 2017	$	15,729		$	3,183,210		$	3,198,939

NOTE 8. ACCRUED EXPENSES

Accrued expenses consisted of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Accrued warranty expense	$	140,596	$	374,597
Accrued senior convertible note issuance costs		—		204,000
Accrued sales commissions		20,629		36,389
Accrued payroll and related fringes		464,134		270,781
Accrued insurance		103,480		81,610
Accrued rent		147,333		182,409
Accrued sales returns and allowances		51,316		215,802
Other		234,497		177,141
	$	1,161,985	$	1,542,729

Accrued warranty expense was comprised of the following for the six months ended September 30, 2017:

	2017
Beginning balance	$	374,597
Provision for warranty expense		103,206
Charges applied to warranty reserve		(337,207	)
Ending balance	$	140,596

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 varied from the expected statutory rate due to the Company continuing to provide a 100% valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets. The Company determined that it was appropriate to continue the full valuation allowance on net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017 primarily because of the current year operating losses.

The valuation allowance on deferred tax assets totaled $25,535,000 and $22,455,000 as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.

The Company records the benefit it will derive in future accounting periods from tax losses and credits and deductible temporary differences as “deferred tax assets.” In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, “Income Taxes,” the Company records a valuation allowance to reduce the carrying value of its deferred tax assets if, based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

At September 30, 2017, the Company had available approximately $46,750,000 of net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future taxable income generated. Such tax net operating loss carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037. In addition, the Company had research and development tax credit carryforwards approximating $2,110,000 available as of September 30, 2017, which expire between 2023 and 2037.

The Internal Revenue Code contains provisions under Section 382 which limit a company’s ability to utilize net operating loss carry-forwards in the event that it has experienced a more than 50% change in ownership over a three-year period. Current estimates prepared by the Company indicate that due to ownership changes which have occurred, approximately $765,000 of its net operating loss and $175,000 of its research and development tax credit carryforwards are currently subject to an annual limitation of approximately $1,151,000, but may be further limited by additional ownership changes which may occur in the future. As stated above, the net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards expire between 2023 and 2037, allowing the Company to potentially utilize all of the limited net operating loss carry-forwards during the carryforward period.

As discussed in Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” tax positions are evaluated in a two-step process. The Company first determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If a tax position meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, it is then measured to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the financial statements. The tax position is measured as the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. Management has identified no tax positions taken that would meet or exceed these thresholds and therefore there are no gross interest, penalties and unrecognized tax expense/benefits that are not expected to ultimately result in payment or receipt of cash in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s federal and state income tax returns are closed for examination purposes by relevant statute and by examination for 2012 and all prior tax years.

NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating Leases. The Company has several non-cancelable operating lease agreements for office space and warehouse space that expire at various dates through April 2020. The Company has also entered into month-to-month leases for equipment. Rent expense was $99,431 and $99,431 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $298,293 and $298,293, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Following are the minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017 (period from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	112,080
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131
	$	1,174,786

License agreements. The Company has several license agreements whereby it has been assigned the rights to certain licensed materials used in its products. Certain of these agreements require the Company to pay ongoing royalties based on the number of products shipped containing the licensed material on a quarterly basis. Royalty expense related to these agreements aggregated $6,250 and $6,250 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $14,938 and $18,911 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Litigation.

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings arising from normal business operations. Although there can be no assurances, based on the information currently available, management believes that it is probable that the ultimate outcome of each of the actions will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial statement of the Company. However, an adverse outcome in certain of the actions could have a material adverse effect on the financial results of the Company in the period in which it is recorded.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company owns U.S. Patent No. 8,781,292 (the “ ‘292 Patent”), which is directed to a system that determines when a recording device, such as a law enforcement officer’s body camera or in-car video recorder, begins recording and automatically instructs other recording devices to begin recording. The technology described in the ‘292 Patent is incorporated in the Company’s VuLink product.

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) for a re-examination of the ‘292 patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

On January 14, 2016 the USPTO ultimately rejected Axon’s efforts and confirmed the validity of the ‘292 Patent with 59 claims covering various aspects of the Company’s auto-activation technology. On February 2, 2016 the USPTO issued another patent relating to the Company’s auto-activation technology for law enforcement cameras. U.S. Patent No. 9,253,452 (the “ ‘452 Patent”) generally covers the automatic activation and coordination of multiple recording devices in response to a triggering event, such as a law enforcement officer activating the light bar on the vehicle.

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In addition to the infringement claims, the Company added a new set of claims to the lawsuit alleging that Axon conspired to keep the Company out of the marketplace by engaging in improper, unethical, and unfair competition. The amended lawsuit alleges Axon bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company’s lawsuit also seeks monetary and injunctive relief, including treble damages, for these alleged violations.

Axon filed an answer which denied the patent infringement allegations on April 1, 2016. In addition, Axon filed a motion to dismiss all allegations in the complaint on March 4, 2016 for which the Company filed an amended complaint on March 18, 2016 to address certain technical deficiencies in the pleadings. Axon amended and renewed its motion to seek dismissal of the allegations that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law on April 1, 2016. Formal discovery commenced on April 12, 2016 with respect to the patent related claims. In January 2017, the Court granted Axon’s motion to dismiss the portion of the lawsuit regarding claims that it had bribed officials and otherwise conspired to secure no-bid contracts for its products in violation of both state law and federal antitrust law. The Company has appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The Company has filed its timely, opening brief; Axon has sought but not yet recieved an extension of time in which to file its own responding brief, and accordingly, the matter has not yet been fully briefed or scheduled for argument.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for inter partes review (“IPR”) of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another action for an IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected both of Axon’s requests on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit. Axon is now statutorily precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

The District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed since the filing of the petitions for IPR, The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and the Company has provided such an update after the decision was rendered which denied the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because both of Axon’s petitions for an IPR on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit were denied, the Company is seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

On May 27, 2016 the Company filed suit against Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video (“WatchGuard”), (Case No. 2:16-cv-02349-JTM-JPO) alleging patent infringement based on WatchGuard’s VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines.

The USPTO has granted multiple patents to the Company with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating all deployed cameras in response to the activation of just one camera. Additionally, Digital Ally’s patent claims cover automatic coordination as well as digital synchronization between multiple recording devices. Digital Ally also has patent coverage directed to the coordination between a multi-camera system and an officer’s smartphone, which allows an officer to more readily assess an event on the scene while an event is taking place or immediately after it has occurred.

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 the (“ ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (“PTAB”) will not issue a decision on whether to institute that petition until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On October 25, 2013, the Company filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas (2:13-cv-02550-SAC) to eliminate threats by a competitor, Utility Associates, Inc. (“Utility”), of alleged patent infringement regarding U.S. Patent No. 6,831,556 (the “ ‘556 Patent”). Specifically, the lawsuit seeks a declaration that the Company’s mobile video surveillance systems do not infringe any claim of the ‘556 Patent. The Company became aware that Utility had mailed letters to current and prospective purchasers of its mobile video surveillance systems threatening that the use of such systems purchased from third parties not licensed to the ‘556 Patent would create liability for them for patent infringement. The Company rejected Utility’s assertion and is vigorously defending the right of end-users to purchase such systems from providers other than Utility. The United States District Court for the District of Kansas dismissed the lawsuit because it decided that Kansas was not the proper jurisdictional forum for the dispute. The District Court’s decision was not a ruling on the merits of the case. The Company appealed the decision and the Federal Circuit affirmed the District Court’s previous decision.

In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 patent at the USPTO. On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in the Company’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014 the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contracts and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and has filed an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Oral arguments are set to occur on January 17, 2018.

On September 13, 2014, Utility filed suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia against the Company alleging infringement of the ‘556 Patent. The suit was served on the Company on September 20, 2014. As alleged in the Company’s first filed lawsuit described above, the Company believes that the ‘556 Patent is both invalid and not infringed. Further, the USPTO has issued its final decision invalidating 23 of the 25 claims asserted in the ‘556 Patent, as noted above. The Company believes that the suit filed by Utility is without merit and is vigorously defending the claims asserted against the Company. An adverse resolution of the foregoing litigation or patent proceedings could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, prospects, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity. The Court stayed all proceedings with respect to this lawsuit pending the outcome of the patent review performed by the USPTO and the appellate court. Based on the USPTO’s final decision to invalidate substantially all claims contained in the ‘556 Patent and the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit full denial of Utility’s appeal, the Company intends to file for summary judgment in its favor if Utility does not request outright dismissal.

The Company is also involved as a plaintiff and defendant in ordinary, routine litigation and administrative proceedings incidental to its business from time to time, including customer collections, vendor and employment-related matters. The Company believes the likely outcome of any other pending cases and proceedings will not be material to its business or its financial condition.

Sponsorship. On April 16, 2015 the Company entered into a Title Sponsorship Agreement (the “Agreement”) under which it became the title sponsor for a Web.com Tour golf tournament (the “Tournament”) held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area. The Agreement provides the Company with naming rights and other benefits for the 2015 through 2019 annual Tournament in exchange for the following sponsorship fee:

Year	Sponsorship fee
2015	$	375,000
2016	$	475,000
2017	$	475,000
2018	$	500,000
2019	$	500,000

The Company has the right to sell and retain the proceeds from the sale of additional sponsorships, including but not limited to a presenting sponsorship, a concert sponsorship and founding partnerships for the Tournament. The Company recorded a net sponsorship expense of $256,452 and $497,235 for the three months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016, respectively, and $263,047 and $499,271, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

401 (k) Plan. In July 2008, the Company amended and restated its 401(k) retirement savings plan. The amended plan requires the Company to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. The Company has made matching contributions totaling $43,455 and $46,346 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $137,781 and $135,058 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.

Consulting and Distributor Agreements. The Company entered into an agreement that requires it to make monthly payments which will be applied to future commissions and/or consulting fees to be earned by the provider. The agreement is with a limited liability company (“LLC”) that is minority owned by a relative of the Company’s chief financial officer. Under the agreement, dated January 15, 2016, the LLC provides consulting services for developing a new distribution channel outside of law enforcement for its body-worn camera and related cloud storage products to customers in the United States. The Company paid the LLC and advance against commissions ranging from $5,000 to $6,000 per month plus necessary and reasonable expenses for a period of one year beginning January 2016, which can be automatically extended based on the LLC achieving minimum sales quotas. The agreement was renewed in January 2017 for a period of three years, subject to yearly minimum sales thresholds that would allow the Company to terminate the contract if such minimums are not met. As of September 30, 2017, the Company had advanced a total of $301,115 pursuant to this agreement.

NOTE 11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company recorded pretax compensation expense related to the grant of stock options and restricted stock issued of $478,863 and $422,246, for the three ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, and $981,652 and $1,203,312 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

As of September 30, 2017, the Company had adopted seven separate stock option and restricted stock plans: (i) the 2005 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2005 Plan”), (ii) the 2006 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2006 Plan”), (iii) the 2007 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2007 Plan”), (iv) the 2008 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”), (v) the 2011 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2011 Plan”), (vi) the 2013 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2013 Plan”) and (vii) the 2015 Stock Option and Restricted Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”). The 2005 Plan, 2006 Plan, 2007 Plan, 2008 Plan, 2011 Plan, 2013 Plan and 2015 Plan are referred to as the “Plans.”

These Plans permit the grant of stock options or restricted stock to its employees, non-employee directors and others for up to a total of 2,425,000 shares of common stock. The 2005 Plan terminated during 2015 with 28 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2005 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 total 18,563. The 2006 Plan terminated during 2016 with 4,505 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2006 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 total 62,080. The 2007 Plan terminated during 2017 with 48,500 shares not awarded or underlying options, which shares are now unavailable for issuance. Stock options granted under the 2007 Plan that remain unexercised and outstanding as of September 30, 2017 total 41,875.

The Company believes that such awards better align the interests of our employees with those of its stockholders. Option awards have been granted with an exercise price equal to the market price of its stock at the date of grant with such option awards generally vesting based on the completion of continuous service and having ten-year contractual terms. These option awards typically provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control (as defined in the Plans). The Company has registered all shares of common stock that are issuable under its Plans with the SEC. A total of 86,363 shares remained available for awards under the various Plans as of September 30, 2017.

The fair value of each option award is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. There were 100,000 stock options issued during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Activity in the various Plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is reflected in the following table:

Options	Number of Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at January 1, 2017		362,440		$	18.46
Granted		100,000			3.00
Exercised		—			—
Forfeited		(52,609	)		(12.02	)
Outstanding at September 30, 2017		409,831		$	14.65
Exercisable at September 30, 2017		301,031		$	19.84
Weighted-average fair value for options granted during the period at fair value		100,000		$	2.49

The Plans allow for the cashless exercise of stock options. This provision allows the option holder to surrender/cancel options with an intrinsic value equivalent to the purchase/exercise price of other options exercised. There were no shares surrendered pursuant to cashless exercises during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

At September 30, 2017, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding was approximately $-0-, and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was approximately $-0-. No options were exercised in the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

As of September 30, 2017, the unrecognized portion of stock compensation expense on all existing stock options was $218,034, which will be recognized over the next ten months.

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable options under the Company’s option plans as of September 30, 2017:

		Outstanding options		Exercisable options
	Exercise price range	Number of options	Weighted average remaining contractual life	Number of options	Weighted average remaining contractual life

$	0.01 to $3.99	198,124	8.4 years	89,324	6.8 years
$	4.00 to $6.99	34,125	5.0 years	34,125	5.0 years
$	7.00 to $9.99	18,444	4.0 years	18,444	4.0 years
$	10.00 to $12.99	6,200	1.7 years	6,200	1.7 years
$	13.00 to $15.99	51,438	2.9 years	51,438	2.9 years
$	16.00 to $18.99	—	0.0 years	—	0.0 years
$	19.00 to $29.99	6,500	1.8 years	6,500	1.8 years
$	30.00 to $55.00	95,000	0.2 years	95,000	0.2 years
		409,831	5.1 years	301,031	3.5 years

Restricted stock grants. The Board of Directors has granted restricted stock awards under the Plans. Restricted stock awards are valued on the date of grant and have no purchase price for the recipient. Restricted stock awards typically vest over nine months to four years corresponding to anniversaries of the grant date. Under the Plans, unvested shares of restricted stock awards may be forfeited upon the termination of service to or employment with the Company, depending upon the circumstances of termination. Except for restrictions placed on the transferability of restricted stock, holders of unvested restricted stock have full stockholder’s rights, including voting rights and the right to receive cash dividends.

A summary of all restricted stock activity under the equity compensation plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 is as follows:

	Number of Restricted shares			Weighted average grant date fair value
Nonvested balance, January 1, 2017		495,300		$	5.75
Granted		522,000			3.80
Vested		(136,750	)		(6.47	)
Forfeited		(9,200	)		(6.47	)
Nonvested balance, September 30, 2017		871,350		$	5.78

The Company estimated the fair market value of these restricted stock grants based on the closing market price on the date of grant. As of September 30, 2017, there were $2,193,353 of total unrecognized compensation costs related to all remaining non-vested restricted stock grants, which will be amortized over the next 39 months in accordance with the respective vesting scale.

The nonvested balance of restricted stock vests as follows:

Year ended December 31,	Number of shares

2017 (October 1 through December 31)		55,300
2018		505,450
2019		289,100
2020		21,500

NOTE 12. COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANTS

The Company has issued common stock purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) in conjunction with various debt and equity issuances. The Warrants are immediately exercisable and allow the holders to purchase up to 3,013,466 shares of common stock at $2.75 to $16.50 per share as of September 30, 2017. The Warrants expire from July 22, 2017 through September 30, 2022 and allow for cashless exercise.

	Warrants			Weighted average exercise price
Vested Balance, January 1, 2017		2,379,290		$	10.47
Granted		1,334,000			3.37
Exercised		(60,000	)		3.00
Cancelled		(639,824	)		13,43
Vested Balance, September 30, 2017		3,013,466		$	6.84

The total intrinsic value of all outstanding Warrants aggregated $-0- as of September 30, 2017 and the weighted average remaining term is 46 months.

The following table summarizes the range of exercise prices and weighted average remaining contractual life for outstanding and exercisable Warrants to purchase common shares as of September 30, 2017:

		Outstanding and exercisable warrants
Exercise price		Number of options	Weighted average remaining contractual life
$	2.75	100,000	5.0 years
$	2.75	12,200	1.9 years
$	3.36	680,000	5.4 years
$	3.36	200,000	4.4 years
$	3.65	200,000	4.7 years
$	3.75	94,000	4.9 years
$	5.00	800,000	4.2 years
$	8.50	42,500	1.1 years
$	13.43	879,766	3.3 years
$	16.50	5,000	2.8 years
$	16.50
		3,013,466	3.8 years

NOTE 13. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The calculations of the weighted average number of shares outstanding and loss per share outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator for basic and diluted income per share – Net loss	$	(3,493,306	)	$	(3,255,579	)	$	(7,852,784	)	$	(8,433,788	)
Denominator for basic loss per share – weighted average shares outstanding		6,249,116			5,380,855			5,851,428			5,315,646
Dilutive effect of shares issuable under stock options and warrants outstanding		—			—			—			—
Denominator for diluted loss per share – adjusted weighted average shares outstanding		6,249,116			5,380,855			5,851,428			5,315,646
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)
Diluted	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)

Basic loss per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, all outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were antidilutive, and, therefore, not included in the computation of diluted net loss per share.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

This Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “will,” “plan,” “future,” “continue,” and other expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and trends and that do not relate to historical matters identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based largely on our expectations or forecasts of future events, can be affected by inaccurate assumptions, and are subject to various business risks and known and unknown uncertainties, a number of which are beyond our control. Therefore, actual results could differ materially from the forward-looking statements contained in this document, and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. A wide variety of factors could cause or contribute to such differences and could adversely impact revenues, profitability, cash flows and capital needs. There can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements contained in this document will, in fact, transpire or prove to be accurate.

Factors that could cause or contribute to our actual results differing materially from those discussed herein or for our stock price to be adversely affected include, but are not limited to: (1) our losses in recent years, including fiscal 2017 and 2016, and our ability to pay the Debentures and Notes when due; (2) macro-economic risks from the effects of the decrease in budgets for the law-enforcement community; (3) our ability to increase revenues, increase our margins and return to consistent profitability in the current economic and competitive environment, including whether deliveries will resume under the AMR contract; (4) our operation in developing markets and uncertainty as to market acceptance of our technology and new products; (5) the availability of funding from federal, state and local governments to facilitate the budgets of law enforcement agencies, including the timing, amount and restrictions on such funding; (6) our ability to deliver our new product offerings as scheduled and have such new products perform as planned or advertised; (7) whether there will be commercial markets, domestically and internationally, for one or more of our newer products, and the degree to which the interest shown in our products, including the DVM-800 HD, FirstVU HD, VuLink, VuVault.net, FleetVU and MicroVU HD, will translate into sales during 2017; (8) our ability to maintain or expand our share of the market for our products in the domestic and international markets in which we compete, including increasing our international revenues to their historical levels; (9) our ability to produce our products in a cost-effective manner; (10) competition from larger, more established companies with far greater economic and human resources; (11) our ability to attract and retain quality employees; (12) risks related to dealing with governmental entities as customers; (13) our expenditure of significant resources in anticipation of sales due to our lengthy sales cycle and the potential to receive no revenue in return; (14) characterization of our market by new products and rapid technological change; (15) our dependence on sales of our DVM-800, DVM-800 HD, FirstVU, First VU HD and DVM-250 products; (16) potential that stockholders may lose all or part of their investment if we are unable to compete in our markets and return to profitability; (17) defects in our products that could impair our ability to sell our products or could result in litigation and other significant costs; (18) our dependence on key personnel; (19) our reliance on third-party distributors and sales representatives for part of our marketing capability; (20) our dependence on a few manufacturers and suppliers for components of our products and our dependence on domestic and foreign manufacturers for certain of our products; (21) our ability to protect technology through patents and to protect our proprietary technology and information as trade secrets and through other similar means; (22) our ability to generate more recurring cloud and service revenues; (23) risks related to our license arrangements; (24) our revenues and operating results may fluctuate unexpectedly from quarter to quarter; (25) sufficient voting power by coalitions of a few of our larger stockholders, including directors and officers, to make corporate governance decisions that could have significant effect on us and the other stockholders; (26) sale of substantial amounts of our common stock that may have a depressive effect on the market price of the outstanding shares of our common stock; (27) possible issuance of common stock subject to options and warrants that may dilute the interest of stockholders; (28) our ability to comply with Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Section 404 as it may be required; (29) our nonpayment of dividends and lack of plans to pay dividends in the future; (30) future sale of a substantial number of shares of our common stock that could depress the trading price of our common stock, lower our value and make it more difficult for us to raise capital; (31) our additional securities available for issuance, which, if issued, could adversely affect the rights of the holders of our common stock; (32) our stock price is likely to be highly volatile due to a number of factors, including a relatively limited public float; (33) whether the legal actions that the Company is taking or has taken against Utility Associates, Axon and WatchGuard will achieve their intended objectives; (34) whether the USPTO rulings will curtail, eliminate or otherwise have an effect on the actions of Axon, WatchGuard and Utility Associates respecting us, our products and customers; (35) whether the remaining two claims under the ‘556 Patent have applicability to us or our products; and (36) whether our patented VuLink technology is becoming the de-facto “standard” for agencies engaged in deploying state-of-the-art body-worn and in-car camera systems; (37) the USPTO’s decision on Watchguard’s petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent; (38) whether such technology will have a significant impact on our revenues in the long-term; and (39) indemnification of our officers and directors.

Current Trends and Recent Developments for the Company

Overview

We supply technology-based products utilizing our portable digital video and audio recording capabilities, for the law enforcement and security industries and for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets. We have the ability to integrate electronic, radio, computer, mechanical, and multi-media technologies to create unique solutions to our customers’ requests. We began shipping our flagship digital video mirror product in March 2006. We have developed additional products to complement our original in-car digital video products, including an array of in-car digital video mirrors (the DVM-100, DVM-400, DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and MicroVU HD), and body worn camera (FirstVU HD) products designed for law enforcement usage. In recent years we have launched the following products: the FirstVU HD; DVM-800; the DVM-800 HD; the MicroVU HD; the patented VuLink product which integrates our body-worn cameras with our in-car systems by providing hands-free automatic activation; and a commercial line of digital video mirrors (the DVM-250 and DVM-250 Plus) that serve as “event recorders” for the commercial fleet and mass transit markets in order to expand our customer base beyond the traditional law enforcement agencies. We have additional research and development projects that we anticipate will result in several new product launches in 2017 and beyond. We believe that the launch of these new products will help to diversify and broaden the market for our product offerings.

We experienced operating losses for all of the quarters during 2017 and 2016. The following is a summary of our recent operating results on a quarterly basis:

	Sept 30, 2017			June 30, 2017			March 31, 2017			December 31, 2016			September 30, 2016			June 30, 2016			March 31, 2016
Total revenue	$	2,983,577		$	3,486,502		$	5,229,860		$	3,445,610		$	4,339,527		$	4,384,411		$	4,404,943
Gross profit		1,008,613			1,173,216			2,276,849			148,807			2,033,571			1,265,236			1,853,619
Gross profit margin percentage		33.8	%		33.7	%		43.5	%		4.3	%		46.9	%		28.9	%		42.1	%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		4,125,308			3,665,813			4,079,062			4,162,802			5,275,212			4,157,893			4,191,514
Operating loss		(3,116,695	)		(2,492,597	)		(1,802,213	)		(4,013,995	)		(3,241,641	)		(2,892,657	)		(2,337,895	)
Operating income percentage		(104.5	)%		(71.5	)%		(34.5	)%		(116.5	)%		(74.7	)%		(66.0	)%		(53.1	)%
Net loss	$	(3,493,306	)	$	(2,326,523	)	$	(2,032,955	)	$	(4,276,900	)	$	(3,255,579	)	$	(2,865,084	)	$	(2,313,125	)

Our business is subject to substantial fluctuations on a quarterly basis as reflected in the significant variations in revenues and operating results in the above table. These variations result from various factors, including but not limited to: 1) the timing of large individual orders; 2) the traction gained by our newer products, such as the DVM-800 HD, FirstVU HD and FleetVU; 3) production, quality and other supply chain issues affecting our cost of goods sold; 4) unusual increases in operating expenses, such as our sponsorship of the Digital Ally Open golf tournament, the timing of trade shows and bonus compensation; and 5) litigation and related expenses respecting outstanding lawsuits. We reported an operating loss of $3,116,695 on revenues of $2,983,577 for third quarter 2017, which continued a series of quarterly losses resulting from competitive pressures, product quality control issues and product warranty issues, and infringement of our patents by direct competitors such as Axon and Watchguard that reduced our revenues and that hurt our gross margins.

There have been a number of factors and trends affecting our recent performance, which include:

	●	Revenues decreased in third quarter 2017 to $2,983,577 from $3,486,502 in second quarter 2017, $5,229,860 in first quarter 2017, $3,445,610 in fourth quarter 2016, and $4,339,527 in third quarter 2016. The primary reason for the revenue decrease in the third quarter is the halt of deliveries under the AMR contract, which was expected to generate significant revenues in the second and third quarters of 2017. Deliveries under the AMR contract were placed on hold after AMR experienced two catastrophic accidents involving the loss of life in vehicles equipped with our DVM-250’s. AMR alleged that the DVM-250 units in those vehicles failed to record the accidents. We met with AMR representatives in the third quarter 2017 to discuss the accidents and the performance of our equipment including a plan to re-start the contract deliveries. We have proposed to AMR that it update and upgrade its existing equipment and resume deliveries under the contract including the roll out to new locations in the first quarter of 2018. AMR has yet to approve our proposal, but we are encouraged by the dialogue we have had with AMR and are hopeful that deliveries will resume under the contract during first quarter 2018, although we can offer no assurances in this regard.

	●	Recognizing a critical limitation in law enforcement camera technology, during 2014 we pioneered the development of our VuLink ecosystem that provided intuitive auto-activation functionality as well as coordination between multiple recording devices. The USPTO has recognized these pioneering efforts by granting us multiple patents with claims covering numerous features, such as automatically activating an officer’s cameras when the light bar is activated or a data-recording device such as a smart weapon is activated. Additionally, our patent claims cover automatic coordination between multiple recording devices. Prior to this work, officers were forced to manually activate each device while responding to emergency scenarios - a requirement that both decreased the usefulness of the existing camera systems and diverted officers’ attention during critical moments. We believe law enforcement agencies have recognized the value of our VuLink technology and that a trend is developing where the agencies are seeking information on “auto-activation” features in requests for bids and requests for information involving the procurement process of body-worn cameras and in-car systems. We believe this trend may result in our patented VuLink technology becoming the de-facto “standard” for agencies engaged in deploying state-of-the-art body-worn and in-car camera systems. We expect that this technology will have a significant positive impact on our revenues in the long-term, particularly if we are successful in our prosecution of the patent infringement litigation currently pending with Axon and Watchguard, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

	●	Service and other revenues increased 21% in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We are concentrating on expanding our recurring service revenue to help stabilize our revenues on a quarterly basis. Revenues from extended warranty services increased approximately $271,000 in 2017. Additionally, cloud storage revenues increased approximately $156,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016. We are pursuing several new market channels that do not involve our traditional law enforcement and private security customers. If successful, we believe that these new market channels could yield substantial recurring service revenues for us in 2018. We are testing a new revenue model that involves the long-term lease of our body-worn and/or in-car hardware, together with a monthly subscription for our cloud storage, search and archiving services for the underlying audio and video material. This new service revenue model could have a substantial impact on our revenues and improve the stability of our quarter-to-quarter revenues and operating results, although we can make no assurances in this regard. We believe this service revenue model may appeal to our customers, in particular our commercial and other non-law enforcement customers, because it reduces the initial capital outlay and eliminates repairs and maintenance in exchange for making level monthly payments for the utilization of the equipment, data storage and management services.

	●	Our newer products, including the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD, contributed 60% of total sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to 59% for the nine months ended Sept 30, 2016. We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point. In addition, our commercial event recorders (DVM-250 Plus) increased from 7% to 10% of total revenues in the period.

●

Our international revenues decreased to $326,370 (3% of total revenues) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1,154,412 (9% of total revenues) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our third quarter 2016 revenues were aided by approximately $760,000 of revenue from the sale of our FirstVU HD body worn cameras, storage systems and extended service agreement to a non-law enforcement international customer. Our 2017 revenues have been disappointing after several positive quarters in 2016; however, the international sales cycle generally takes longer than domestic business and we have provided bids to a number of international customers. We also believe that our new products may appeal to international customers, in particular the DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet debt nor did we have any transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations) or other relationships with any unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have material current or future effect on financial conditions, changes in the financial conditions, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenue or expenses.

We are a party to operating leases, title sponsorship, and license agreements that represent commitments for future payments (described in Note 10 to our condensed consolidated financial statements) and we have issued purchase orders in the ordinary course of business that represent commitments to future payments for goods and services.

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Results of Operations

Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections is an analysis of our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, represented as a percentage of total revenues for each respective year:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Revenue		100	%		100	%
Cost of revenue		66	%		53	%

Gross profit		34	%		47	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		28	%		17	%
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		35	%		32	%
Stock-based compensation expense		16	%		10	%
General and administrative expense		59	%		63	%
Total selling, general and administrative expenses		138	%		122	%
Operating loss		(104	%)		(75	%)
Change in fair value of secured notes payable		(1	%)		—%
Other income and interest expense, net		(12	%)		—%
Loss before income tax benefit		(117	%)		(75	%)
Income tax (provision)		—%			—%
Net loss		(117	%)		(75	%)

Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)
Diluted	$	(0.56	)	$	(0.61	)

Revenues

Our current product offerings include the following:

Product	Description	Retail Price
DVM-750	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	3,995
MicroVU HD	A compact in-car digital audio/video system that records in high definition primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an internal fixed focus camera that records in high definition quality.	$	2,595
DVM-100	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an integrated fixed focus camera.	$	1,895
DVM-400	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system uses an external zoom camera.	$	2,795
DVM-250 Plus	An in-car digital audio/video system that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for commercial fleet customers. We offer a web-based, driver management and monitoring analytics package for a monthly service fee that is available for our DVM-250 customers.	$	1,295
DVM-800 HD	An in-car digital audio/video system which records in full 1080P high definition video that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system can use an internal fixed focus camera or two external cameras for a total of four video streams. We also offer the Premium Package which has additional warranty and retails for $4,795. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	4,295
DVM-800	An in-car digital audio/video system which records in 480P standard definition video that is integrated into a rear view mirror primarily designed for law enforcement customers. This system can use an internal fixed focus camera or two external cameras for a total of four video streams. We also offer the Premium Package which has additional warranty and retails for $3,995. We offer local storage as well as cloud storage solutions to manage the recorded evidence. We charge a monthly storage fee for our cloud storage option and a one-time fee for the local storage option.	$	3,495
Laser Ally	A hand-held mobile speed detection and measurement device that uses light beams rather than sound waves to measure the speed of vehicles.	$	1,995
FirstVU HD	A body-worn digital audio/video camera system primarily designed for law enforcement customers. We also offer a cloud based evidence storage and management solution for our FirstVU HD customers for a monthly service fee.	$	595
VuLink	An in-car device that enables an in-car digital audio/video system and a body worn digital audio/video camera system to automatically and simultaneously start recording.	$	495

We sell our products and services to law enforcement and commercial customers in the following manner:

	●	Sales to domestic customers are made directly to the end customer (typically a law enforcement agency or a commercial customer) through our sales force, comprised of our employees. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the end customer.

	●	Sales to international customers are made through independent distributors who purchase products from us at a wholesale price and sell to the end user (typically law enforcement agencies or a commercial customer) at a retail price. The distributor retains the margin as its compensation for its role in the transaction. The distributor generally maintains product inventory, customer receivables and all related risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded when the product is shipped to the distributor consistent with the terms of the distribution agreement.

	●	Repair parts and services for domestic and international customers are generally handled by our inside customer service employees. Revenue is recognized upon shipment of the repair parts and acceptance of the service or materials by the end customer.

We may discount our prices on specific orders based upon the size of the order, the specific customer and the competitive landscape. We believe that our systems are at least comparable to those of our principal competitors and are generally lower priced when considering comparable features and capabilities.

Revenues for the third quarters of 2017 and 2016 were derived from the following sources:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
DVM-800 and DVM 800HD		47	%		32	%
FirstVU HD		12	%		22	%
DVM-750		8	%		10	%
DVM- 250 Plus		6	%		5	%
Cloud service revenue		3	%		1	%
DVM-100 & 400		2	%		1	%
VuLink		1	%		3	%
LaserAlly		1	%		—	%
Repair and service		8	%		5	%
Accessories and other revenue		12	%		21	%
		100	%		100	%

Product revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $2,521,663 and $3,836,691, respectively, a decrease of $1,315,028 (34%), due to the following factors:

●

The primary reason for the revenue decrease in the third quarter was the halt of deliveries under the AMR contract, which was expected to generate significant revenues in the second and third quarters of 2017, as discussed above. Additionally, our law enforcement revenues declined over the prior period due to price-cutting and other actions by our competitors and adverse marketplace effects related to the patent litigation. We shipped one individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $153,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to three individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $1,133,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2016. Our average order size decreased to approximately $2,410 in the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $2,875 during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Our DVM-800 in-car video product represented 47% of total revenues. For certain opportunities that involve multiple units and/or multi-year contracts, we have occasionally discounted our products to gain or retain market share and revenues.

	●	We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point that is comparable feature-wise with our competitor’s products, but at a better price-point.

	●	Our international revenues decreased to $236,524 (8% of total revenues) during third quarter 2017, compared to $827,452 (19% of total revenues) during third quarter 2016. Third quarter 2016 revenues were aided by approximately $760,000 of revenue generated by an order from a non-law enforcement international customer for our FirstVU HD body worn cameras, storage systems and extended service agreement.

Service and other revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $461,914 and $502,836, respectively, a decrease of $40,922 (8%), due to the following factors:

	●	Cloud revenues were $118,016 and $45,622 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $72,394 (159%). We have experienced increased interest in our cloud solutions for law enforcement and several of our commercial customers have implemented our FleetVU and asset tracking solutions, which contributed to our increased cloud revenues in 2017. We believe the trend of increased cloud service revenues will continue for the balance of 2017 because AMR awarded us the FleetVU manager cloud storage contract for DVM-250 systems in early 2017 and an increasing number of other commercial customers have elected to utilize our recurring service fee-based FleetVu and asset tracking solutions.

	●	Revenues from extended warranty services were $236,628 and $142,718 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $93,910 (66%). We have many customers who have purchased extended warranty packages, primarily in our DVM-800 premium service program, and we expect the trend of increased revenues from these services to continue throughout 2017.

	●	Our installation revenues were $14,458 and $152,197 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $137,739 (91%). Installation revenues tend to vary more than other service revenue types and are dependent on larger customer implementations. In June 2017, AMR’s installation roll out had been put on hold, which significantly reduced third quarter 2017 installation revenues. By contrast, in third quarter 2016 we had a non-law enforcement international customer complete a large installation.

Total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $2,983,577 and $4,339,527, respectively, a decrease of $1,355,950 (31%), due to the reasons noted above.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue on units sold for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,709,046 and $2,235,489, respectively, a decrease of $526,443 (24%). The decrease in cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 34% decrease in product revenues offset with product cost of sales as a percentage of revenues increasing to 68% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 from 58% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. We increased the reserve for obsolete and excess inventories by approximately $103,000 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to increased levels of excess component parts of older versions of PCB boards, used trade-in inventory requiring refurbishment, and legacy products. Additionally, our production department spent time reworking returned product and were not able to be as efficient manufacturing new products.

Cost of service and other revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $265,918 and $70,467, respectively, an increase of $195,451 (277%). The primary reason for the increase is the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to September 30, 2016. In recent quarters, certain members of our technical support staff have been reclassified and their respective payroll expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales for product installation instead of executive, sales and administrative payroll as they were in 2016. The payroll reclassification for three months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $103,000.

Total cost of sales as a percentage of revenues increased to 66% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 53% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. We believe our gross margins will return to more normal levels in future quarters if we improve revenue levels and reduce product warranty issues.

We had $2,417,653 and $1,999,920 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Total raw materials and component parts were $4,828,517 and $4,015,170 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $813,347 (20%). The increase in raw materials was mostly in refurbished parts for FirstVU HD products. Finished goods balances were $7,509,227 and $7,215,346 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $293,881 (4%). The increase in finished goods was primarily in the FirstVU HD and DVM-250 products. The increase in in DVM-250 product levels is primarily attributable to the halt of deliveries under the AMR contract in 2017. The increase in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the change in sales mix of our products, which has resulted in a higher level of excess component parts of the older versions of our PCB boards and legacy products. Additionally, we increased our reserves on selected refurbished and items requiring repair during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels at September 30, 2017.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,008,613 and $2,033,571, respectively, a decrease of $1,024,958 (50%). The decrease is commensurate with the 31% decrease in revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 combined with cost of sales as a percentage of revenues increasing to 66% during the three months ended September 30, 2017 from 53% for the six months ended September 30, 2016. We believe that gross margins will improve during the remainder of 2017 and beyond if we improve revenue levels and continue to reduce product warranty issues. Our goal is to improve our margins to 60% over the longer term based on the expected margins of our newer products, in particular the DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, if they continue to gain traction in the marketplace and we are able to increase our commercial market penetration for the balance of 2017 and in 2018. In addition, if revenues from these products increase, we will seek to further improve our margins from them through economies of scale and more efficiently utilizing fixed manufacturing overhead components. We plan to continue our initiative on more efficient management of our supply chain through outsourcing production, quantity purchases and more effective purchasing practices.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $4,125,308 and $5,275,212 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $1,149,904 (22%). Overall selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales increased to 138% in 2017 compared to 122% in the same period in 2016. The significant components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
Research and development expense	$	831,573	$	731,077
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		1,048,334		1,369,244
Stock-based compensation expense		478,863		422,246
Professional fees and expense		411,945		432,325
Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll		694,475		1,641,014
Other		660,118		679,306
Total	$	4,125,308	$	5,275,212

Research and development expense. We continue to focus on bringing new products to market, including updates and improvements to current products. Our research and development expenses totaled $831,573 and $731,077 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $100,496 (14%). We employed a total of 32 engineers at September 30, 2017 compared to 29 engineers at September 30, 2016, most of whom are dedicated to research and development activities for new products. We increased our engineering staff of web-based developers as we expanded our offerings to include, among other items, cloud-based evidence storage and management for our law enforcement customers (VuVault.net) and our web-based commercial fleet driver monitoring and management tool (FleetVU Manager). Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 28% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 17% for the three months ended September 30, 2016. We have active research and development projects on several new products, as well as upgrades to our existing product lines. We consider our research and development capabilities and new product focus to be a competitive advantage and will continue to invest in this area on a prudent basis.

Selling, advertising and promotional expenses. Selling, advertising and promotional expense totaled $1,048,334 and $1,369,244 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $320,910 (23%). Salesman salaries and commissions represents the primary components of these costs and were $701,399 and $753,658 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $52,259 (7%). The effective commission rate was 23.5% and 17.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Promotional and advertising expenses totaled $346,935 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $615,586 during the three months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $268,651 (44%). The decrease is primarily attributable net promotional expenses associated with being the title sponsor of the Web.com Tour golf tournament held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area being less in 2017 compared to 2016. We incurred net promotional expenses of $263,047 in the third quarter 2017 relative to this sponsorship compared to $497,235 for the third quarter of 2016. The Company is also decreasing the number of trade shows attended during 2017 because it has lost some of its confidence in the efficiency and effectiveness of many of the lesser attended trade shows

Stock-based compensation expense. Stock based compensation expense totaled $478,863 and $422,246 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $56,617 (13%). The increase is primarily due to the amortization of the restricted stock granted in August 2017 to the Company’s officers and other employees that had the effect of increasing the stock compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

Professional fees and expense. Professional fees and expenses totaled $411,945 and $432,325 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $20,380 (5%). The decrease in professional fees and expenses in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to lower litigation expenses related to the Utility, Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits. These matters continue and the reduced litigation charges are generally due to timing issues in the litigation. The Axon and Watchguard lawsuits were both under a stay order pending final USPTO rulings on the various IPR requests, which have largely been ruled in our favor. We intend to pursue recovery from Utility, Axon, WatchGuard, their insurers and other responsible parties as appropriate.

Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll. Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll expenses totaled $694,475 and $1,641,014 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $946,539 (58%). The primary reason for the decrease in executive, sales and administrative staff payroll was a reduction of $730,000 in executive bonuses and the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to September 30, 2016. We have increased our technical support staff in recent quarters to handle field inquiries and requests for product installation services because our installed customer base has expanded and additional technical support and marketing was required for our new products, such as the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD. In recent quarters, certain members of our technical support staff have been reclassified to direct services for product installation and other services for our customers and their respective payroll related expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales in 2017 compared to 2016. During the quarter ended September 30, 2016 a special bonus of $630,000 was awarded to our CEO, which did not occur in 2017.

Other. Other selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $660,118 and $679,306 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $19,188 (3%).

Operating Loss

For the reasons previously stated, our operating loss was $3,116,695 and $3,241,641 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $124,946 (4%). Operating loss as a percentage of revenues increased to 104% in 2017 from 75% in 2016.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased to $1,761 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 from $5,913 in 2016.

Interest Expense

We incurred interest expense of $375,048 and $776 during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. We issued an aggregate of $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures on December 30, 2016 which bore interest at the rate of 8% per annum that remained outstanding at September 30, 2017. In addition, we issued Notes with a principal balance of $700,000 in June 2017. One of these Notes and a new Note had an outstanding principal balance of $650,000 at September 30, 2017. No similar interest-bearing debt was outstanding during the 2016 period.

We amortized the interest expense of $288,895 and $-0-, representing the discount associated with the $700,000 Notes during the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The discount resulted from the issuance of detachable common stock purchase warrants together with the $700,000 principal amount of the Notes, which is recorded as a discount and amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The total remaining unamortized discount was $117,000 and $-0- at September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Change in Warrant Derivative Liabilities

Detachable warrants exercisable to purchase a total of 398,916 common shares, as adjusted, were issued in conjunction with $2.0 million and $4.0 million Secured Convertible Notes during March and August 2014. The warrants were required to be treated as derivative liabilities because of their anti-dilution and down-round provisions. Accordingly, we estimated the fair value of such warrants as of their respective date of issuance and recorded a corresponding derivative liability in the balance sheet. Upon exercise of the warrants we recognized a gain/loss based on the closing market price of the underlying common stock on the date of exercise. In addition, the warrant derivative liability is adjusted to the estimated fair value of any unexercised warrants as of December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017. There remained warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase 12,200 shares of common stock at December 31, 2016 and September 30, 2017 and the warrant derivative liability balance was $33,076 at December 31, 2016 and $15,729 at September 30, 2017.

The changes in the fair value of the warrant derivatives related to unexercised warrants resulted in a gain of $3,628 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to a loss of $19,075 for the three months ended September 30, 2016.

Change in Fair Value of Secured Convertible Notes Payable

We elected to account for the $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 on their fair value basis. Therefore, we determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $3,183,210 and $4,000,000 for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the Debentures including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. We made payments of $750,000 against the Debentures on August 24, 2017. The fair value of the Debentures was $3,183,210 at September 30, 2017 representing a fair value change of $6,952 from June 30, 2017, which was recognized as a charge in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

Loss before Income Tax Benefit

As a result of the above, we reported a loss before income tax benefit of $3,493,306 and $3,255,579 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a deterioration of $237,727 (7%).

Income Tax Benefit

We did not record an income tax benefit related to our losses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 due to our overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We have further determined to continue providing a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017. During 2017, we increased our valuation reserve on deferred tax assets by $3,080,000 whereby our deferred tax assets continue to be fully reserved due to our recent operating losses.

We had approximately $46,745,000 of net operating loss carryforwards and $2,110,000 of research and development tax credit carryforwards as of September 30, 2017 available to offset future net taxable income.

Net Loss

As a result of the above, we reported net losses of $3,493,306 and $3,255,579 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, improvement of $237,727 (7%).

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

The basic and diluted loss per share was $0.56 and $0.61 for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the reasons previously noted. All outstanding stock options were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 because of the net loss reported for each period.

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

Results of Operations

Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections is an analysis of our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, represented as a percentage of total revenues for each respective year:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
Revenue		100	%		100	%
Cost of revenue		62	%		61	%

Gross profit		38	%		39	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Research and development expense		21	%		18	%
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		26	%		25	%
Stock-based compensation expense		8	%		9	%
General and administrative expense		46	%		52	%

Total selling, general and administrative expenses		101	%		104	%

Operating loss		(63	%)		(65	%)
Other income and interest expense, net		(4	%)		1	%

Loss before income tax benefit		(67	%)		(64	%)
Income tax benefit		—	%		—	%

Net loss		(67	%)		(64	%)

Net loss per share information:
Basic	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)
Diluted	$	(1.34	)	$	(1.59	)

Revenues for the nine months ended 2017 and 2016, respectively, were derived from the following sources:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2017			2016
DVM-800 and DVM 800HD		48	%		40	%
FirstVU HD		12	%		19	%
DVM-250 Plus		10	%		7	%
DVM-750		3	%		7	%
DVM-100 & DVM-400		2	%		3	%
DVM-500 Plus		—	%		1	%
VuLink		2	%		2	%
Cloud service revenue		2	%		1	%
Repair and service		8	%		5	%
Accessories and other revenues		13	%		15	%
		100	%		100	%

Our commercial event recorders (DVM-250 Plus) increased from 7% to 10% of total revenues, which trend is expected to continue because of the appeal of our FleetVU driver management and monitoring tool.

Product revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $10,263,833 and $11,946,100, respectively, a decrease of $1,682,267 (14%), due to the following factors:

	●	Our revenues decreased in the 2017 period compared to 2016 principally due to the AMR contract issues and a decrease in our law enforcement revenues over the prior period. Additionally, our law enforcement revenues declined over the prior period due to price-cutting and other actions by our competitors and adverse marketplace effects related to the patent litigation. Our commercial event recorder revenues were better in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016. In early 2017 we were awarded the AMR contract for 1,550 DVM-250 systems, as well as FleetVU manager cloud storage and system implementation, which had a positive impact on revenues. We had expected more substantial increases in our commercial event recorder revenues given the AMR contract, which was awarded in early 2017. AMR halted deliveries under the contract after it experienced two catastrophic accidents involving the loss of life in vehicles equipped with our DVM-250’s. AMR alleged that the DVM-250 units in those vehicles failed to record the accidents. We met with AMR representatives in the third quarter 2017 to discuss the accidents and the performance of our equipment including a plan to re-start the contract deliveries. We proposed that AMR update and upgrade its existing equipment and resume deliveries under the contract including a roll-out to new locations in the first quarter of 2018. AMR has yet to approve the proposal, but we are encouraged by the dialogue we have had with AMR and are hopeful that deliveries will resume under the contract during first quarter 2018, although we can offer no assurances in this regard.

	●	We shipped nine individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $2,331,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to eight individual orders in excess of $100,000, for a total of approximately $2,591,000 in revenue and deferred revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our average order size decreased to approximately $2,740 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $2,860 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our newer mirror-based products include the DVM-800 and DVM-800 HD, which are sold at lower retail pricing levels compared to our legacy products. For certain opportunities that involve multiple units and/or multi-year contracts, we have occasionally discounted our products to gain or retain market share and revenues.

	●	We have recently announced the launch of the DVM-800 HD in-car video system, which we believe will give us a competitive advantage in the market. The DVM-800 HD system provides full 1080P high definition video at a cost-effective price point that is competitive feature wise with our competitor’s products but at a better price-point.

	●	Our international revenues decreased to $326,370 (3% of total revenues) during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, compared to $1,154,412 (9% of total revenues) during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Our third quarter 2016 revenues were aided by approximately $760,000 of revenue from the sale of our FirstVU HD body worn cameras, storage systems and extended service agreement to a non-law enforcement international customer. Our 2017 revenues have been disappointing after several positive quarters in 2016; however, the international sales cycle generally takes longer than domestic business and we have provided bids to a number of international customers. We also believe that our new products may appeal to international customers, in particular the DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, although we can make no assurances in this regard.

Service and other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $1,436,106 and $1,182,781, respectively, an increase of $253,325 (21%), due to the following factors:

	●	Cloud revenues were $259,962 and $104,390 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $155,572 (149%). We have experienced increased interest in our cloud solutions for law enforcement and several of our commercial customers have implemented our FleetVU and asset tracking solutions, which contributed to our increased cloud revenues in 2017. We believe the trend of increased cloud service revenues will continue for the balance of 2017 because AMR awarded us the FleetVU manager cloud storage contract for DVM-250 systems in early 2017 and an increasing number of other commercial customers have elected to utilize our recurring service fee-based FleetVu and asset tracking solutions. Revenues from extended warranty services were $638,982 and $368,055 the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $270,927 (74%). We have many customers that have purchased extended warranty packages, primarily in our DVM-800 premium service program, and we expect the trend of increased revenues from these services to continue throughout 2017.

	●	Installation service revenues were $161,408 and $175,075 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $13,667 (8%). The decrease in 2017 was partially due to AMR halting its roll out of deliveries and installations to additional locations in June 2017 as noted above.

Total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $11,699,939 and $13,128,881, respectively, a decrease of $1,428,942 (11%), due to the reasons noted above.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of product revenue on units sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $6,450,570 and $7,487,747, respectively, a decrease of $1,037,177 (14%). The decrease in cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 14% decrease in product revenues coupled with product cost of sales as a percentage of revenues decreasing to 62% in 2017 from 63% in 2016. We increased the reserve for obsolete and excess inventories by approximately $418,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to increased levels of excess component parts of older versions of PCB boards, used trade-in inventory requiring refurbishment and legacy products.

Cost of service and other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $790,691 and $488,708, respectively, an increase of $301,983 (62%). The increase in service and other cost of goods sold is commensurate with the 21% increase in service and other revenues coupled with service cost of sales increasing to 55% from 41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to September 30, 2016. The primary reason for the increase is the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to September 30, 2016. In recent quarters, certain members of our technical support staff have been reclassified and their respective payroll expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales for product installation instead of executive, sales and administrative payroll as they were in 2016. The payroll reclassification for nine months ended September 30, 2017 was approximately $309,000.

Total cost of sales as a percentage of revenues increased to 62% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We believe our gross margins will increase if we improve revenue levels and continue to reduce product warranty issues.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $4,458,678 and $5,152,426, respectively, a decrease of $693,748 (13%). The decrease is primarily attributable to the 11% decrease in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and cost of sales as a percentage of revenues increasing to 62% during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from 61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We believe that gross margins will improve in 2017 and beyond if we improve revenue levels and reduce product warranty issues. Our goal is to improve our margins to 60% over the longer term based on the expected margins of our newer products, in particular the DVM-800, DVM-800 HD and FirstVU HD, if they continue to gain traction in the marketplace and we are able to increase our commercial market penetration in 2017 and 2018. In addition, as revenues from these products increase, we will seek to further improve our margins from them through economies of scale and more efficiently utilizing fixed manufacturing overhead components. We plan to continue our initiative on more efficient management of our supply chain through outsourcing production, quantity purchases and more effective purchasing practices.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $11,870,183 and $13,624,619 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $1,754,436 (13%). Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of sales decreased to 101% in 2017 compared to 104% in 2016. The significant components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
Research and development expense	$	2,495,924	$	2,353,081
Selling, advertising and promotional expense		3,036,168		3,295,743
Stock-based compensation expense		981,652		1,203,312
Professional fees and expense		1,187,435		1,487,657
Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll		2,065,327		3,259,773
Other		2,103,677		2,025,053
Total	$	11,870,183	$	13,624,619

Research and development expense. We continue to focus on bringing new products to market, including updates and improvements to current products. Our research and development expenses totaled $2,495,924 and $2,353,081 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $142,843 (6%). We employed a total of 32 engineers at September 30, 2017 compared to 29 engineers at September 30, 2016, most of whom are dedicated to research and development activities for new products. We have increased our engineering staff of web-based developers as we expanded our offerings to include, among other items, cloud-based evidence storage and management for our law enforcement customers (VuVault.net) and our web-based commercial fleet driver monitoring and management tool (FleetVU Manager). Research and development expenses as a percentage of total revenues were 21% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. We consider our research and development capabilities and new product focus to be a competitive advantage and will continue to invest in this area on a prudent basis.

Selling, advertising and promotional expenses. Selling, advertising and promotional expense totaled $3,036,168 and $3,295,743 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $259,575 (8%). Salesman salaries and commissions represent the primary components of these costs and were $2,418,904 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $2,358,745 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016, an increase of $60,159 (3%). We have increased the number of salesman in 2017 compared to 2016, in particular in our commercial sales channel. The overall effective commission rate was 20.7% and 18.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and September 30, 2016, respectively.

Promotional and advertising expenses totaled $617,264 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to $936,998 during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, a decrease of $319,734 (34%). The decrease is primarily attributable net promotional expenses associated with being the title sponsor of the Web.com Tour golf tournament held annually in the Kansas City Metropolitan area being less in 2017 compared to 2016. We incurred net promotional expenses of $263,047 in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 relative to this sponsorship compared to $499,271 for nine months ended September 30, 2016. The Company is also decreasing the number of trade shows attended during 2017 because it has lost some of its confidence in the efficiency and effectiveness of many of the lesser attended trade shows.

Stock-based compensation expense. Stock based compensation expense totaled $981,652 and $1,203,312 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $221,660 (18%). In 2017, the Company adopted the new accounting standard issued by the FASB to reduce the complexity of accounting for stock compensation and elected to account for stock option forfeitures as they occur. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017 there were 52,609 stock options that expired and were forfeited, which decreased stock compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016. Additionally, the amortization of the restricted stock granted during 2017 and 2016 to our officers, directors, and other employees when the general market price of our common stock was lower also had the effect of decreasing the stock compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to 2016.

Professional fees and expense. Professional fees and expenses totaled $1,187,435 and $1,487,657 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $300,322 (20%). The decrease in professional fees and expenses in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to lower litigation expenses related to the Utility, Axon and WatchGuard lawsuits. These matters continue and the reduced litigation charges are generally due to timing issues in the litigation, although the Axon and Watchguard lawsuits were both under a stay order pending final USPTO rulings on the various IPR requests which have largely now been ruled in our favor. We intend to pursue recovery from Utility, Axon, WatchGuard, their insurers and other responsible parties as appropriate.

Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll. Executive, sales and administrative staff payroll expenses totaled $2,065,327 and $3,259,773 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a decrease of $1,194,446 (37%). The primary reason for the decrease in executive, sales and administrative staff payroll was a reduction of $855,000 in executive bonuses and the reclassification of certain technical support personnel to generate direct installation and other service revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to September 30, 2016. We have increased our technical support staff in recent quarters to handle field inquiries and requests for product installation services because our installed customer base has expanded and additional technical support and marketing was required for our new products, such as the DVM-800 and FirstVU HD. In recent quarters, we have reclassified certain members of our technical support staff to direct services for product installation and other services for our customers and their respective payroll related expenses are now being charged to service cost of sales in 2017 compared to 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 a special bonus of $630,000 was awarded to our CEO, which did not occur in 2017.

Other. Other selling, general and administrative expenses totaled $2,103,677 and $2,025,053 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $78,624 (4%). The increase in other expenses in 2017 compared to 2016 is primarily attributable to increased health insurance premiums for our associates.

Operating Loss

For the reasons previously stated, our operating loss was $(7,411,505) and $(8,472,193) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $1,060,688 (13%). Operating loss as a percentage of revenues decreased to 63% for the first nine months of 2017 from 65% for the same period in 2016.

Interest Income

Interest income decreased to $10,619 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from $22,103 in 2016.

Interest Expense

We incurred interest expense of $536,035 and $2,438 during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016. We issued an aggregate of $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures on December 30, 2016, which bore interest at the rate of 8% per annum on the unpaid balance outstanding at September 30, 2017. In addition, we issued two Notes with a principal balance of $700,000 in June 2017. One of these Notes and a new Note had an outstanding principal balance of $650,000 at September 30, 2017. No similar interest-bearing debt was outstanding during the 2016 period.

We amortized to interest expense $288,895 and $-0-, representing the discount associated with the $1,000,000 subordinated notes during the nine months ended September 30, 2017, and 2016 respectively. The discount resulted from the issuance of detachable common stock purchase warrants together with the $700,000 principal amount of Notes, which is recorded as a discount and amortized to interest expense over the term of the underlying Notes. The total remaining unamortized discount was $117,000 and $-0- at September 30, 2017, and 2016 respectively.

Change in Warrant Derivative Liabilities

The changes in the fair value of the warrant derivatives related to unexercised warrants resulted in a gain of $17,347 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to a gain of $18,740 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016.

Change in Fair Value of Secured Convertible Notes Payable

We elected to account for the $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 on their fair value basis. Therefore, we determined the fair value of the Debentures utilizing Monte Carlo simulation models which yielded an estimated fair value of $3,183,210 and $4,000,000 for the Debentures including their embedded derivatives as of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. No value was allocated to the detachable Warrants as of the origination date because of the relative fair value of the Debentures including its embedded derivative features approximated the gross proceeds of the financing transaction. We made payments totaling $750,000 against the Debentures on August 24, 1997. The fair value of the Debentures was $3,183,210 at September 30, 2017 representing a fair value change of $66,790 from December 31, 2016, which was recognized as income in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Loss before Income Tax Benefit

As a result of the above, we reported a loss before income tax benefit of $7,852,784 and $8,433,788 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $581,004 (7%).

Income Tax Benefit

We did not record an income tax benefit related to our losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to our overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We have further determined to continue providing a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017. During 2017, we increased our valuation reserve on deferred tax assets by $3,080,000 whereby our deferred tax assets continue to be fully reserved due to our recent operating losses.

Net Loss

As a result of the above, we reported net losses of $7,852,784 and $8,433,788 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an improvement of $581,004 (7%).

Basic and Diluted Loss per Share

The basic and diluted loss per share was $1.34 and $1.59 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for the reasons previously noted. All outstanding stock options were considered antidilutive and therefore excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 because of the net loss reported for each period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

On June 30, 2017, we borrowed $700,000 under unsecured notes payable with two private, third party lenders. The loans were represented by two promissory notes (the “Notes”) that bore interest at 8% per annum and were payable in cash on or before the maturity date of September 30, 2017. The Notes were unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Notes. We issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock for $3.65 per share in connection with the Notes. Such warrants are exercisable immediately and expire on June 29, 2022. We used the proceeds of this private placement for general working capital purposes. We paid one of the Notes in the principal amount of $350,000 on September 1, 2017 and extended the maturity date of the other Note to December 31, 2017.

On September 29, 2017, we borrowed $300,000 under an unsecured note payable with a private, third party lender. The loan is represented by a promissory note (also referred to as the “Note”) that bears interest at 8% per annum and is payable in cash on or before the maturity date. The Note is due and payable in full on November 30, 2017 and may be prepaid without penalty at any time. The Note is unsecured and subordinated to all existing and future senior indebtedness, as such term is defined in the Note. We issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock for $2.75 per share in connection with the Note. Such warrants are exercisable immediately and expire on September 30, 2022. We used the proceeds of this private placement for general working capital purposes.

On August 23, 2017, we closed a $3.0 million offering of our common stock and common stock purchase warrants in a registered direct offering. At the closing, we sold to institutional investors in a registered direct offering an aggregate of 940,000 shares of our common stock at a price of $3.00 per share and Series B Warrants, for gross offering proceeds of $3.0 million. For each share of common stock purchased, investors received two registered warrants, each with an exercise price of $3.36 per share (the “Series A-1 Warrant” and the “Series A-2 Warrant”). The Series A-1 Warrants are exercisable to purchase up to 680,000 shares of common stock and have a term of five years commencing six months following the closing date. The Series A-2 warrants are immediately exercisable to purchase a 200,000 shares of common stock and have a term of five years commencing on the closing date. Additionally, the Company issued to certain of the investors, in lieu of shares of common stock at closing, Series B Warrants that are immediately exercisable (the “Series B Warrant”) to purchase 60,000 shares of common stock for which the investors paid $2.99 per share at the closing and will pay $0.01 per share upon exercise of the Series B Warrant so that such investors’ beneficial ownership interest would not exceed 9.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock. The Series B Warrant terminates upon exercise in full. After placement agent fees and other estimated offering expenses, the net offering proceeds to us totaled approximately $2.8 million. The foregoing warrants issued in this transaction did not contain terms that would require us to record derivative warrant liabilities that could affect our financial statements. Proceeds of the offering were used to pay a portion of the outstanding principal balance of the Debentures, retire one of the Notes and for other working capital purposes.

On December 30, 2016, we completed a private placement of $4.0 million principal amount of Debentures with two institutional investors. Such Debentures bear interest at 8% per annum payable in cash on a quarterly basis and are secured by substantially all of our tangible and certain intangible assets. In addition, we issued the investors warrants to acquire 800,000 shares of common stock at $5.00 per share. We made payments of $750,000 against the Debentures on August 24, 2017. The Debentures mature on March 30, 2018 and are convertible at any time six months after their date of issue at the option of the holders into shares of common stock at $5.00 per share. In addition, we can elect to redeem the Debentures at 112% of their outstanding principal balance and could force conversion by the holders if the market price exceeds $7.50 per share for ten consecutive trading days. We used the proceeds of this private placement for general working capital purposes.

We may find it necessary to retire the Debentures by the payment of cash at maturity, which would be a significant requirement. We plan to obtain such funding from operations or a capital raise or a combination of the two. We believe that we have the capability to retire the Debentures by a cash payment when they become due, although we can offer no assurances in this regard.

If we had to supplement our liquidity to support our operations in 2017, given our recent history of net operating losses and negative cash flows, we do not believe that traditional banking indebtedness would be available to us given our recent operating history. Our 2017/2018 operating plan could include raising additional capital through a public offering or private placement of debt or equity. We have demonstrated our ability to raise new debt or equity capital in recent years and, if necessary, we believe that we could raise additional capital during the next 12 months if required, but again can offer no assurances in this regard.

Further, we had warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase 3,013,466 shares of common stock at a weighted average exercise price $6.84 per share outstanding as of September 30, 2017. In addition, there are common stock purchase options outstanding exercisable to purchase 301,031 shares at an average price of $19.84 per share and the recently issued 800,000 warrants at an exercise price of $5.00 per share, 200,000 warrants at an exercise price of $3.65 per share and 100,000 warrants at an exercise price of $2.75 per share. We could potentially use such warrants to provide near-term liquidity and could induce their holders to exercise their warrants by adjusting/lowering the exercise price on a temporary or permanent basis if the exercise price was below the then market price of our common stock, although we can offer no assurances in this regard. Ultimately, we must restore profitable operations and positive cash flows to provide liquidity to support our operations and, if necessary, to raise capital on commercially reasonable terms in 2017 and 2018.

Based on the uncertainties described above, the Company believes its business plan does not alleviate the existence of substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that the financial statements in this Report.

We had $816,174 of available cash and equivalents (including $500,000 of restricted cash) and net working capital of approximately $4.7 million as of September 30, 2017. Net working capital as of September 30, 2017 includes approximately $1.9 million of accounts receivable and $10.1 million of inventory.

Cash and cash equivalents balances: As of September 30, 2017, we had cash and cash equivalents with an aggregate balance of $316,174, a decrease from a balance of $3,883,124 at December 31, 2016. Summarized immediately below and discussed in more detail in the subsequent subsections are the main elements of the $3,566,950 net decrease in cash during the nine months ended September 30, 2017:

●	Operating activities:	$5,763,948 of net cash used in operating activities. Net cash used in operating activities was $5,763,948 and 4,726,611 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, a deterioration of $1,037,337. The deterioration was primarily the result of increases in inventory and decreases in accrued expenses, offset by increases in deferred revenue and decreases in accounts receivable. Our goal is to increase revenues, return to profitability and decrease our inventory levels during the remainder of 2017, thereby providing positive cash flows from operations, although there can be no assurances that we will be successful in this regard.

●	Investing activities:	$455,516 of net cash used in investing activities. Cash used in investing activities was $455,516 and $373,907 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In 2017 and 2016, we incurred costs for an integrated display system, demo equipment, tooling of new products and for patent applications on our proprietary technology utilized in our new products and included in intangible assets.

●	Financing activities:	$2,652,514 of net cash provided by financing activities. Cash provided by financing activities was $2,652,514 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to cash used in financing activities of $7,862 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016. On August 23, 2017, we closed a $3.0 million offering of our common stock and common stock purchase warrants. After placement fees and other estimated offering expenses, the net offering proceeds to us totaled approximately $2.8 million prior to any exercise of the warrants. Proceeds of the offering were used to pay down a portion of the principal balance of the Debentures and one of the Notes and for general working capital purposes. We received $1,000,000 of proceeds in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 from the issuance of the Notes. During 2015 we acquired capital equipment financed through capital lease obligations and payments on such obligations represented the cash used in financing activities.

The net result of these activities was a decrease in cash of $3,566,950 to $316,174 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Commitments:

We had $316,174 of cash and cash equivalent balances and net positive working capital approximating $4.7 million as of September 30, 2017. Accounts receivable balances represented $1,861,009 of our net working capital at September 30, 2017. We intend to collect our outstanding receivables on a timely basis during the balance of 2017, which would help to provide positive cash flow to support our operations during such period. Inventory represented $10,061,991 of our net working capital at September 30, 2017 and finished goods represented $7,509,227 of total inventory. We are actively managing the overall level of inventory and our goal is to reduce such levels during the balance of 2017 by our sales activities, which should provide additional cash flow to help support our operations during 2017.

Capital Expenditures. We had no material commitments for capital expenditures at September 30, 2017.

Lease Commitments-Operating Leases. We have a non-cancelable long-term operating lease agreement for office and warehouse space that expires during April 2020. We have also entered into month-to-month leases for equipment. Rent expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $298,293 and $298,293, respectively, related to these leases.

Following are our minimum lease payments for each year and in total.

Year ending December 31:
2017(period from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017)	$	112,080
2018		451,248
2019		457,327
2020		154,131

	$	1,174,786

License agreements. We have several license agreements under which we have been assigned the rights to certain materials used in its products. Certain of these agreements require us to pay ongoing royalties based on the number of products shipped containing the licensed material on a quarterly basis. Royalty expense related to these agreements aggregated $14,938 and $18,911 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Following is a summary of our licenses as of September 30, 2017:

License Type	Effective Date	Expiration Date	Terms
Production software license agreement	April 2005	April 2018	Automatically renews for one-year periods unless terminated by either party.
Software sublicense agreement	October 2007	October 2018	Automatically renews for one-year periods unless terminated by either party.
Software development and software services agreement	June 2015	June 2018	Renewable by mutual agreement of the parties unless terminated by Digital Ally for convenience.

Litigation.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company received notice in April 2015 that Taser International, Inc., now known as Axon Enterprises, Inc. (“Axon”), had commenced an action in the USPTO for a re-examination of the ‘292 Patent. A re-examination is essentially a request that the USPTO review whether the patent should have issued in its present form in view of the “prior art,” e.g., other patents in the same technology field. The prior art used by Axon was from an unrelated third party and was not the result of any of Axon’s own research and development efforts.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 (the “ ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The PTAB will not issue a decision on whether to institute that petition until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

On June 6, 2014, the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit, it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

The suit also includes claims against Utility for tortious interference with contract and violation of the Kansas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (KUSTA), arising out of Utility’s employment of the Company’s employees, in violation of that employee’s Non-Competition and Confidentiality agreements with the Company. In addition to damages, the Company seeks temporary, preliminary, and permanent injunctive relief, prohibiting Utility from, among other things, continuing to threaten or otherwise interfere with the Company’s customers. On March 4, 2015, an initial hearing was held upon the Company’s request for injunctive relief.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Oral arguments are set to occur on January 17, 2018.

Year	Sponsorship fee
2015	$	375,000
2016	$	475,000
2017	$	475,000
2018	$	500,000
2019	$	500,000

The Company has the right to sell and retain the proceeds from the sale of additional sponsorships, including but not limited to a presenting sponsorship, a concert sponsorship and founding partnerships for the Tournament. The Company recorded a net sponsorship expense of $263,047 and $499,271, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016.

401 (k) Plan. We sponsor a 401(k) retirement savings plan for the benefit of our employees. The plan, as amended, requires us to provide 100% matching contributions for employees who elect to contribute up to 3% of their compensation to the plan and 50% matching contributions for employee’s elective deferrals on the next 2% of their contributions. We made matching contributions totaling $137,781 and $135,058 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Each participant is 100% vested at all times in employee and employer matching contributions.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our significant accounting policies are summarized in note 1 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this report. While the selection and application of any accounting policy may involve some level of subjective judgments and estimates, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to our financial statements, potentially involve the most subjective judgments in their selection and application, and are the most susceptible to uncertainties and changing conditions:

	●	Revenue Recognition/ Allowance for Doubtful Accounts;

	●	Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory;

	●	Warranty Reserves;

	●	Stock-based Compensation Expense;

	●	Accounting for Income Taxes; and

	●	Determination of Fair Value Calculation for Financial Instruments and Derivatives; and

	●	Going Concern Analysis.

Revenue Recognition / Allowances for Doubtful Accounts. Revenue is recognized for the shipment of products or delivery of service when all four of the following conditions are met:

	(i)	Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists;

	(ii)	Delivery has occurred;

	(iii)	The price is fixed or determinable; and

	(iv)	Collectability is reasonably assured.

We review all significant, unusual or nonstandard shipments of product or delivery of services as a routine part of our accounting and financial reporting process to determine compliance with these requirements. Extended warranties are offered on selected products and when a customer purchases an extended warranty the associated proceeds are treated as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the extended warranty.

Our principal customers are state, local and federal law enforcement agencies, which historically have been low risks for uncollectible accounts. However, we do have commercial customers and international distributors that present a greater risk for uncollectible accounts than such law enforcement customers and we consider a specific reserve for bad debts based on their individual circumstances. Our historical bad debts have been negligible, with less than $198,000 charged off as uncollectible on cumulative revenues of $214.1 million since we commenced deliveries during 2006. As of September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had provided a reserve for doubtful accounts of $70,000.

We periodically perform a specific review of significant individual receivables outstanding for risk of loss due to uncollectibility. Based on such review, we consider our reserve for doubtful accounts to be adequate as of September 30, 2017. However, should the balance due from any significant customer ultimately become uncollectible then our allowance for bad debts will not be sufficient to cover the charge-off and we will be required to record additional bad debt expense in our statement of operations.

Allowance for Excess and Obsolete Inventory.

We record valuation reserves on our inventory for estimated excess or obsolete inventory items. The amount of the reserve is equal to the difference between the cost of the inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions. On a quarterly basis, management performs an analysis of the underlying inventory to identify reserves needed for excess and obsolescence. Management uses its best judgment to estimate appropriate reserves based on this analysis. In addition, we adjust the carrying value of inventory if the current market value of that inventory is below its cost.

Inventories consisted of the following at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Raw material and component parts	$	4,828,517		$	4,015,170
Work-in-process		141,900			355,715
Finished goods		7,509,227			7,215,346

Subtotal		12,749,644			11,586,231
Reserve for excess and obsolete inventory		(2,417,653	)		(1,999,920	)

Total	$	10,061,991		$	9,586,311

We balance the need to maintain strategic inventory levels to ensure competitive delivery performance to our customers against the risk of inventory obsolescence due to changing technology and customer requirements. As reflected above, our inventory reserves represented 19.0% of the gross inventory balance at September 30, 2017, compared to 17.3% of the gross inventory balance at December 31, 2016. We had $2,417,653 and $1,999,920 in reserves for obsolete and excess inventories at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Total raw materials and component parts were $4,828,517 and $4,015,170 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $813,347 (20%). The increase in raw materials and component parts was mostly in refurbished parts for FirstVU HD products. Finished goods balances were $7,509,227 and $7,215,346 at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, an increase of $293,881 (4%). The increase in finished goods at September 30, 2017 was primarily in FirstVU HD and DVM 250 products. The increase in the inventory reserve is primarily due to the change in sales mix of our products, which has resulted in a higher level of excess component parts of the older versions of our legacy products. Additionally, we increased our reserves on selected refurbished inventory and items requiring repair during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. We believe the reserves are appropriate given our inventory levels at September 30, 2017.

If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management or significant engineering changes to our products that are not anticipated and appropriately managed, additional inventory write-downs may be required in excess of the inventory reserves already established.

Warranty Reserves.

We generally provide up to a two-year parts and labor warranty on our products to our customers. Provisions for estimated expenses related to product warranties are made at the time products are sold. These estimates are established using historical information on the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims. We actively study trends of claims and take action to improve product quality and minimize claims. Our warranty reserves were decreased to $140,596 as of September 30, 2017 compared to $374,597 as of December 31, 2016 primarily for expected replacements associated with select FirstVU HD customers. We have limited experience with the FirstVU HD and DVM-800 and will monitor our reserve for all warranty claims related to these two newer products. There is a risk that we will have higher warranty claim frequency rates and average cost of claims than our history has indicated on our legacy mirror products on our new products for which we have limited experience. Actual experience could differ from the amounts estimated requiring adjustments to these liabilities in future periods.

Stock-based Compensation Expense.

We grant stock options to our employees and directors and such benefits provided are share-based payment awards which require us to make significant estimates related to determining the value of our share-based compensation. Our expected stock-price volatility assumption is based on historical volatilities of the underlying stock which are obtained from public data sources and there were 100,000 options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

If factors change and we develop different assumptions in future periods, the compensation expense that we record in the future may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. There is a high degree of subjectivity involved when using option pricing models to estimate share-based compensation. Changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect our estimates of fair values of our share-based compensation. Certain share-based payment awards, such as employee stock options, may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Alternatively, values may be realized from these instruments that are significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and reported in our financial statements. Although the fair value of employee share-based awards is determined using an established option pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction. In addition, we account for forfeitures as they occur.

Accounting for Income Taxes.

Accounting for income taxes requires significant estimates and judgments on the part of management. Such estimates and judgments include, but are not limited to, the effective tax rate anticipated to apply to tax differences that are expected to reverse in the future, the sufficiency of taxable income in future periods to realize the benefits of net deferred tax assets and net operating losses currently recorded and the likelihood that tax positions taken in tax returns will be sustained on audit.

As required by authoritative guidance, we record deferred tax assets or liabilities based on differences between financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using currently enacted rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. Authoritative guidance also requires that deferred tax assets be reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. As of December 31, 2016, cumulative valuation allowances in the amount of $22,340,000 were recorded in connection with the net deferred income tax assets. Based on a review of our deferred tax assets and recent operating performance, we determined that our valuation allowance should be increased to $25,535,000 to fully reserve our deferred tax assets at September 30, 2017. We determined that it was appropriate to continue to provide a full valuation reserve on our net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2017 because of the overall net operating loss carryforwards available. We expect to continue to maintain a full valuation allowance until we determine that we can sustain a level of profitability that demonstrates our ability to realize these assets. To the extent we determine that the realization of some or all of these benefits is more likely than not based upon expected future taxable income, a portion or all of the valuation allowance will be reversed. Such a reversal would be recorded as an income tax benefit and, for some portion related to deductions for stock option exercises, an increase in shareholders’ equity.

As required by authoritative guidance, we have performed a comprehensive review of our portfolio of uncertain tax positions in accordance with recognition standards established by the FASB, an uncertain tax position represents our expected treatment of a tax position taken in a filed tax return, or planned to be taken in a future tax return, that has not been reflected in measuring income tax expense for financial reporting purposes. We have no recorded liability as of June 30, 2017 representing uncertain tax positions.

We have generated substantial deferred income tax assets related to our operations primarily from the charge to compensation expense taken for stock options, certain tax credit carryforwards and net operating loss carryforwards. For us to realize the income tax benefit of these assets, we must generate sufficient taxable income in future periods when such deductions are allowed for income tax purposes. In some cases where deferred taxes were the result of compensation expense recognized on stock options, our ability to realize the income tax benefit of these assets is also dependent on our share price increasing to a point where these options have intrinsic value at least equal to the grant date fair value and are exercised. In assessing whether a valuation allowance is needed in connection with our deferred income tax assets, we have evaluated our ability to generate sufficient taxable income in future periods to utilize the benefit of the deferred income tax assets. We continue to evaluate our ability to use recorded deferred income tax asset balances. If we fail to generate taxable income for financial reporting in future years, no additional tax benefit would be recognized for those losses, since we will not have accumulated enough positive evidence to support our ability to utilize net operating loss carryforwards in the future. Therefore, we may be required to increase our valuation allowance in future periods should our assumptions regarding the generation of future taxable income not be realized.

Determination of Fair Value for Financial Instruments and Derivatives.

During 2016 we issued $4.0 million of Debentures with detachable warrants to purchase common stock and in 2014 in two separate transactions we issued a total of $6.0 million of Secured Convertible Notes with detachable warrants to purchase common stock. We elected to record the 2016 Debentures and 2014 Secured Convertible Notes on their fair value basis. In addition, the warrants to purchase common stock issued in conjunction with the 2014 Secured Convertible Notes contained anti-dilution provisions that required them to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. We were required to determine the fair value of these financial instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2017 and 2016 for financial reporting purposes. The entire principal balance of the Secured Convertible Notes issued in 2014 has been converted to equity and all warrants have been exercised, except for warrants exercisable to purchase 12,200 common shares at $5.00 per share, as of September 30, 2017. The 2016 Debentures remained outstanding as of September 30, 2017.

●		Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities

●		Level 2 — Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities)

●		Level 3 — Significant unobservable inputs (including the Company’s own assumptions in determining the fair value)

The following table represents the Company’s hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2017.

	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities
Secured convertible debenture	$	-	$	-	$	3,183,210	$	3,183,210
Warrant derivative liabilities	$	-	$	-	$	15,729	$	15,729
	$	-	$	-	$	3,198,939	$	3,198,939

Going Concern Analysis.

In accordance with ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements- Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40) – Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, we are required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that our financials are issued. When management identifies conditions or events that raise substantial doubt about their ability to continue as a going concern they should consider whether their plans to mitigate those relevant conditions or events will alleviate the substantial doubt. If conditions or events raise substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern, but the substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of management’s plans, the entity should disclose information that enables user of financial statements to understand the principal events that raised the substantial doubt, management’s evaluation of the significance of those conditions or events, and management’s plans that alleviated substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

We performed the analysis and our overall assessment was there were conditions or events, considered in the aggregate as of September 30, 2017, which raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within the next twelve months but such doubt was not adequately mitigated by our plans to address the substantial doubt as disclosed in Note 1: Management’s Liquidity Plan.

Inflation and Seasonality

Inflation has not materially affected us during the past fiscal year. We do not believe that our business is seasonal in nature; however, we generally generate higher revenues during the second half of the calendar year than in the first half.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not Applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures, as such terms are defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). The Company, under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of such disclosure controls and procedures for this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2017 to provide reasonable assurance that material information required to be disclosed by the Company in this report was recorded, processed, summarized and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate and within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during its last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect its internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Axon Enterprise, Inc. – (Formerly Taser International, Inc.)

The Company filed suit on January 15, 2016 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas (Case No: 2:16-cv-02032) against Axon, alleging willful patent infringement against Axon’s body camera product line. The Company later added the ‘452 Patent to the suit and is seeking both monetary damages and a permanent injunction against Axon for infringement of both the ‘452 and ‘292 Patents.

In December 2016, Axon announced that it had commenced an action in the USPTO for IPR of the Company’s ‘292 Patent. Previously Axon had attempted to invalidate the ‘292 Patent through a re-examination procedure at the USPTO. Axon is again attempting through its recently filed petition to convince the USPTO that Digital Ally’s patents lack patentability. Axon subsequently filed another IPR against the ‘292 Patent and two more petitions against the ‘452 Patent. The USPTO rejected one of Axon’s requests on the ‘292 Patent and instituted an investigation of the other petition. As for the ‘452 Patent, the court rejected Axon’s request on the petition challenging the claims at issue in the lawsuit while the other petition is still under consideration. A decision on this final petition will issue in August 2017. Axon is precluded from filing any more IPR petitions against either the ‘292 or ‘452 Patents.

Since the filing of the petitions the District Court litigation in Kansas has been stayed. The Court, however, requested an update on the status of the petitions and The Company will be providing such an update after the decision on the final ‘452 Patent petition. Because Axon’s petition on the ‘452 Patent that related to the claims in the lawsuit was denied, the Company will be seeking to lift the stay and proceed with the lawsuit to a trial where the question of infringement and damages can be addressed.

Enforcement Video, LLC d/b/a WatchGuard Video

The Company’s lawsuit alleges that WatchGuard incorporated this patented technology into its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines without its permission. Specifically, Digital Ally is accusing WatchGuard of infringing three patents: the ‘292 and ‘452 Patents and U.S. Patent No. 9,325,950 (the ‘950 Patent”). The Company is aggressively challenging WatchGuard’s infringing conduct, seeking both monetary damages, as well as seeking a permanent injunction preventing WatchGuard from continuing to sell its VISTA Wifi and 4RE In-Car product lines using Digital Ally’s own technology to compete against it. On May 8, 2017, Watchguard filed a petition seeking IPR of the ‘950 Patent. The Company will vigorously oppose that petition. The PTAB will not issue a decision on whether to institute that petition until approximately November 2017. The lawsuit has been stayed pending a decision from the USPTO on whether to institute that petition.

Utility Associates, Inc.

In addition, the Company began proceedings to invalidate the ‘556 Patent through a request for IPR of the ‘556 Patent at the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”). On July 27, 2015, the USPTO invalidated key claims in Utility’s ‘556 Patent. The Final Decision from the USPTO significantly curtails Utility’s ability to threaten law enforcement agencies, municipalities, and others with infringement of the ‘556 Patent. Utility appealed this decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied Utility’s appeal and therefore confirmed the ruling of the USPTO. This denial of Utility’s appeal finalized the USPTO’s ruling in Digital’s favor and the matter is now concluded.

On June 6, 2014 the Company filed an Unfair Competition lawsuit against Utility in the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. In the lawsuit, it contends that Utility has defamed the Company and illegally interfered with its contracts, customer relationships and business expectancies by falsely asserting to its customers and others that its products violate the ‘556 Patent, of which Utility claims to be the holder.

Based upon facts revealed at the March 4, 2015 hearing, on March 16, 2015, the Company sought leave to amend its Complaint in the Kansas suit to assert additional claims against Utility. Those new claims include claims of actual or attempted monopolization, in violation of § 2 of the Sherman Act, claims arising under a new Georgia statute that prohibits threats of patent infringement in “bad faith,” and additional claims of unfair competition/false advertising in violation of § 63(a) of the Lanham Act. As these statutes expressly provide, the Company will seek treble damages, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees as well as injunctive relief. The Court concluded its hearing on April 22, 2015, and allowed the Company leave to amend its complaint, but denied its preliminary injunction. The discovery stage of the lawsuit expired in May 2016. Utility filed a Motion for Summary Judgment and the Company filed a Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. On March 30, 2017, the Court entered its order granting Utility’s motion and denying the Company’s motion for summary judgment in their entireties. The Company believes the District Court made several errors when ruling on the motions for summary judgment in light of the USPTO’s final decision issued on July 27, 2015 and the various facts and admissions already presented to such Court and is filing an appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. Oral arguments are set to occur on January 17, 2018.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On June 30, 2017, the Company borrowed an aggregate of $700,000 under the Notes with two private, third-party lenders. The unsecured Notes bear interest of 8% per annum with all principal and accrued interest due on or before their September 30, 2017 maturity date. In connection with the issuance of the Notes the Company issued the lenders warrants to purchase a total of 200,000 shares common stock at an exercise of $3.65 per share and an expiration date of June 29, 2022. On September 30, 2017 the Company negotiated an extension of the maturity date of one of the Notes to December 31, 2017. The Company retired the second Note which had a principal balance of $350,000.

On September 29, 2017, the Company borrowed $300,000 under the Note with a private, third-party lender. The unsecured Note bears interest of 8% per annum with all principal and accrued interest due on or before its November 30, 2017 maturity date. In connection with the Note the Company issued the lender warrants to purchase a total of 100,000 shares common stock at an exercise of $2.75 per share and an expiration date of September 30, 2022.

The Company relied on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for issuance of the foregoing warrants exercisable to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock. The Company did not pay any compensation or fees to any party in connection with the issuance of the Notes or the warrants.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits.

(a)	Exhibits.

	31.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

	31.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

	32.1	Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

	32.2	Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 14, 2017

	DIGITAL ALLY, INC., a Nevada corporation

		/s/ Stanton E. Ross
	Name:	Stanton E. Ross
	Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer

		/s/ Thomas J. Heckman
	Name:	Thomas J. Heckman
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer, Secretary, Treasurer and Principal Accounting Officer

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit		Description

31.1		Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

31.2		Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.1		Certificate of Stanton E. Ross pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

32.2		Certificate of Thomas J. Heckman pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.