UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015

 

OR

 

 

For the transition period from ______ to ______

 

Commission file number 001-34580

 

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(714) 250-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes   x    No  1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  1

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  1    No  x

APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY

PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.    Yes  1    No  1

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

On October 19, 2015, there were 108,743,996 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

INFORMATION INCLUDED IN REPORT

 

Items 2 through 5 of Part II have been omitted because they are not applicable with respect to the current reporting period.

 

 

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CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THOSE RELATING TO:

ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE:

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THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.

 

 

 

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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION

FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except par values)

(unaudited)

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(unaudited)

 

 

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

 

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

 

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

 

Note 1 – Basis of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The condensed consolidated financial information included in this report has been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. The principles for condensed interim financial information do not require the inclusion of all the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. The condensed consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited; however, in the opinion of management, they contain all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the consolidated results for the interim periods. All material intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance which changes the criteria for determining which disposals are required to be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination and eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and applies prospectively to adjustments made to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this guidance with early adoption permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance relating to the SEC Staff Announcement at the June 18, 2015 Emerging Issues Task Force meeting on the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements.  The updated guidance allows for the deferral and presentation of debt issuance costs as an asset which may be amortized ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any related outstanding borrowings. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued updated disclosure guidance related to short-duration contracts issued by insurance entities.  The updated guidance is intended to increase the transparency of significant estimates made in measuring liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses and to provide additional insight into an insurance entity’s ability to underwrite and anticipate costs associated with claims. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice surrounding how investments measured at net asset value under the practical expedient with future redemption dates have been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.  Under the updated guidance, investments for which fair value is measured at net asset value per share using the practical expedient should no longer be categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The updated guidance requires retrospective adoption for all periods presented and is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to clarify the accounting treatment for cloud computing arrangements that include software licenses. Under the updated guidance, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify, and provide consistency to, the presentation of debt issuance costs. The new standard requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice regarding share-based payment awards that include terms which provide for a performance target that affects vesting being achieved after the requisite service period. The new standard requires that a performance target which affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition that affects vesting and should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability within and across industries, and across capital markets. The new revenue standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and the timing of recognition. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue from insurance contracts is not within the scope of this guidance. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption prohibited. In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which defers the effective date of this guidance by one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted as of the original effective date. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Note 2 – Escrow Deposits, Like-kind Exchange Deposits and Trust Assets

The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $8.0 billion and $6.3 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, of which $2.5 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were held at the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary, First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.

Trust assets held or managed by First American Trust, FSB totaled $3.0 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions and trust assets are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

In conducting its operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions and, as a result, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits with various financial institutions. The results from these programs are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements as income or a reduction in expense, as appropriate, based on the nature of the arrangement and benefit received.

The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company totaled $2.9 billion and $2.4 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The like-kind exchange deposits are held at third-party financial institutions and, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.

 

 

Note 3 – Debt and Equity Securities

Investments in debt securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Investments in equity securities, all of which are classified as available-for-sale, are as follows:

  

Sales of debt and equity securities resulted in realized gains of $1.3 million and $9.9 million and realized losses of $1.6 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and realized gains of $6.5 million and $24.6 million and realized losses of $8.2 million and $6.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Gross unrealized losses on investments in debt and equity securities are as follows:

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Investments in debt securities at September 30, 2015, by contractual maturities, are as follows:

 

Mortgage-backed securities, which include contractual terms to maturity, are not categorized by contractual maturity because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay such obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

 

 

Note 4 – Goodwill

A summary of the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by operating segment, for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, is as follows:

 

The Company’s four reporting units for purposes of assessing impairment are title insurance, home warranty, property and casualty insurance and trust and other services. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015 there were no triggering events that would require an impairment analysis. There is no accumulated impairment for goodwill as the Company has never recognized impairment to any of its reporting units.

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Note 5 – Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consist of the following:

 

  

Amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $2.3 million and $7.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $5.3 million and $10.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

Estimated amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets for the next five years is as follows:

  

  

Note 6 – Reserve for Known and Incurred But Not Reported Claims

A summary of the Company’s loss reserves is as follows:

The Company’s reserve for known title claims was $84.5 million at September 30, 2015, a decline of $80.9 million, or 48.9%, from the balance at December 31, 2014.  This decline is primarily attributable to settlement payments associated with certain large claims during the first quarter of 2015.  The reserve for known title claims associated with these claims recorded at December 31, 2014 was $56.0 million.  The Company paid $35.0 million, net of $21.0 million recovered through reinsurance, during the first quarter of 2015 to settle these claims.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The provision for title insurance losses, expressed as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees, was 6.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 6.7% and 7.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.

The current quarter rate of 6.5% reflects the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the current policy year and a $5.5 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years.

The third quarter of 2014 rate of 6.7% reflected the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the 2014 policy year and a $6.8 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years.  The rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 of 7.2% included the impact of a large commercial claim from policy year 2007, net of anticipated recoveries.

 

Note 7 – Income Taxes

The Company’s effective income tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 34.3% and 34.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and 30.2% and 32.6% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The differences in the effective tax rates were primarily due to changes in the ratio of permanent differences to income before income taxes, changes in state and foreign income taxes resulting from fluctuations in the Company’s noninsurance and foreign subsidiaries’ contribution to pretax profits and changes in the liability related to tax positions on the Company’s tax returns recorded in 2014. In addition, the prior year tax rates reflected non-recurring tax benefits resulting from certain adjustments to the Company’s state and non-U.S. tax accounts.

In connection with the Company’s June 2010 spin-off from its prior parent, which subsequently assumed the name CoreLogic, Inc. (“CoreLogic”), it entered into a tax sharing agreement which governs the Company’s and CoreLogic’s respective rights, responsibilities and obligations for certain tax related matters. At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had a net payable to CoreLogic of $36.2 million and $35.1 million, respectively, related to tax matters prior to the spin-off. This amount is included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The increase during the current year was primarily the result of an additional accrual for tax matters prior to the spin-off.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and adjusts the allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets. The ability or failure to achieve the forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets.  Based on future operating results in certain jurisdictions, it is possible that the current valuation allowance positions of those jurisdictions could be adjusted in the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the liability for income taxes associated with uncertain tax positions was $24.4 million and $24.1 million, respectively. The net increase in the liability during 2015 was primarily attributable to activity related to examinations conducted by various taxing authorities.  As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the liability could be reduced by $3.4 million of offsetting tax benefits associated with the correlative effects of potential adjustments including timing adjustments and state income taxes. The net amounts of $21.0 million and $20.7 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, if recognized, would favorably affect the Company’s effective tax rate.

The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense. As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company had accrued $9.5 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of interest and penalties (net of tax benefits of $4.0 million and $3.7 million, respectively) related to uncertain tax positions.

It is reasonably possible that the amount of the unrecognized benefit with respect to certain of the Company’s unrecognized tax positions may significantly decrease within the next 12 months. These changes may be the result of ongoing audits or the expiration of federal and state statutes of limitations for the assessment of taxes.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions, and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. The primary non-federal jurisdictions are California, Canada, India and the United Kingdom. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and non-U.S. income tax examinations by taxing authorities for years prior to 2005.

 

 

Note 8 – Earnings Per Share

The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share is as follows:

 

RSUs excluded from weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect totaled 2 thousand and 1 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively. Stock options and RSUs excluded from weighted-average diluted common shares outstanding due to their antidilutive effect for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 totaled 132 thousand and 133 thousand, respectively.

 

 

Note 9 – Employee Benefit Plans

Net periodic cost related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 includes the following components:

 

The Company contributed $31.6 million to the defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and expects to contribute an additional $4.2 million during the remainder of 2015. These contributions include those required by funding regulations as well as discretionary contributions necessary to provide benefit payments to participants of certain of the Company’s non-qualified supplemental benefit plans.

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

 

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

Certain of the Company’s assets are carried at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.  

The Company categorizes its assets and liabilities carried at fair value using a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The hierarchy for inputs used in determining fair value maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. The hierarchy level assigned to the assets and liabilities is based on management’s assessment of the transparency and reliability of the inputs used to estimate the fair values at the measurement date. The three hierarchy levels are defined as follows:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Valuations based on observable inputs (other than Level 1 prices), such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities at the measurement date; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement, and involve management judgment.

If the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the hierarchy level assigned is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The valuation techniques and inputs used by the Company to estimate the fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis, are summarized as follows:

Debt securities

The fair values of debt securities were based on the market values obtained from independent pricing services that were evaluated using pricing models that vary by asset class and incorporate available trade, bid and other market information and price quotes from well-established independent broker-dealers. The independent pricing services monitor market indicators, industry and economic events, and for broker-quoted only securities, obtain quotes from market makers or broker-dealers that they recognize to be market participants. The pricing services utilize the market approach in determining the fair value of the debt securities held by the Company. The Company obtains an understanding of the valuation models and assumptions utilized by the services and has controls in place to determine that the values provided represent fair value. The Company’s validation procedures include comparing prices received from the pricing services to quotes received from other third party sources for certain securities with market prices that are readily verifiable. If the price comparison results in differences over a predefined threshold, the Company will assess the reasonableness of the changes relative to prior periods given the prevailing market conditions and assess changes in the issuers’ credit worthiness, performance of any underlying collateral and prices of the instrument relative to similar issuances. To date, the Company has not made any material adjustments to the fair value measurements provided by the pricing services.

Typical inputs and assumptions to pricing models used to value the Company’s U.S. Treasury bonds, municipal bonds, foreign bonds, governmental agency bonds, governmental agency mortgage-backed securities and corporate debt securities include, but are not limited to, benchmark yields, reported trades, broker-dealer quotes, credit spreads, credit ratings, bond insurance (if applicable), benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data and industry and economic events. For mortgage-backed securities, inputs and assumptions may also include the structure of issuance, characteristics of the issuer, collateral attributes and prepayment speeds. Non-agency mortgage-backed securities and certain corporate debt securities were not actively traded and there were fewer observable inputs available requiring the use of more judgment in determining their fair values, which resulted in their classification as Level 3.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Equity securities

The fair values of equity securities, including preferred and common stocks, were based on quoted market prices for identical assets that are readily and regularly available in an active market.

The following table presents the fair values of the Company’s assets, measured on a recurring basis, as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

 

 

There were no transfers between Levels 1 and 2 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. Transfers into or out of the Level 3 category occur when unobservable inputs become more or less significant to the fair value measurement.  For the three months ended September 30, 2015 transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 were based on market liquidity and related transparency of pricing and associated observable inputs for certain of the Company’s corporate debt securities. There were no transfers in or out of Level 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Company’s policy is to recognize transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the fair values of Level 3 assets measured on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Financial instruments not measured at fair value

In estimating the fair values of its financial instruments not measured at fair value, the Company used the following methods and assumptions:

Cash and cash equivalents

The carrying amount for cash and cash equivalents is a reasonable estimate of fair value due to the short-term maturity of these investments.

Deposits with banks

The fair value of deposits with banks is estimated based on rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities, where applicable.

Notes receivable, net

The fair value of notes receivable, net is estimated based on the discounted value of the future cash flows using approximate current market rates being offered for notes with similar maturities and credit quality.

Deposits

The carrying value of escrow and other deposit accounts approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these liabilities.

Notes and contracts payable

The fair value of notes and contracts payable is estimated based on current rates offered to the Company for debt of similar remaining maturities.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments not measured at fair value as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

 

 

 

 

Note 11 – Share-Based Compensation

The following table presents expenses associated with the Company’s share-based compensation plans:

 

The following table summarizes RSU activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

 

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

 

 

 

Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”)

The following table presents a summary of the changes in each component of AOCI for the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

 

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

The following table presents the other comprehensive income (loss) reclassification adjustments for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The following table presents the effect of the reclassifications out of AOCI on the respective line items in the condensed consolidated statements of income:

 

 

Note 13 – Litigation and Regulatory Contingencies

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to a number of non-ordinary course lawsuits. These lawsuits frequently are similar in nature to other lawsuits pending against the Company’s competitors.

For those non-ordinary course lawsuits where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded.

For a substantial majority of these lawsuits, however, it is not possible to assess the probability of loss. Most of these lawsuits are putative class actions which require a plaintiff to satisfy a number of procedural requirements before proceeding to trial. These requirements include, among others, demonstration to a court that the law proscribes in some manner the Company’s activities, the making of factual allegations sufficient to suggest that the Company’s activities exceeded the limits of the law and a determination by the court—known as class certification—that the law permits a group of individuals to pursue the case together as a class. In certain instances the Company may also be able to compel the plaintiff to arbitrate its claim on an individual basis. If these procedural requirements are not met, either the lawsuit cannot proceed or, as is the case with class certification or compelled arbitration, the plaintiffs lose the financial incentive to proceed with the case (or the amount at issue effectively becomes de minimis). Frequently, a court’s determination as to these procedural requirements is subject to appeal to a higher court. As a result of, among other factors, ambiguities and inconsistencies in the myriad laws applicable to the Company’s business and the uniqueness of the factual issues presented in any given lawsuit, the Company often cannot determine the probability of loss until a court has finally determined that a plaintiff has satisfied applicable procedural requirements.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Furthermore, because most of these lawsuits are putative class actions, it is often impossible to estimate the possible loss or a range of loss amounts, even where the Company has determined that a loss is reasonably possible. Generally class actions involve a large number of people and the effort to determine which people satisfy the requirements to become plaintiffs—or class members—is often time consuming and burdensome. Moreover, these lawsuits raise complex factual issues which result in uncertainty as to their outcome and, ultimately, make it difficult for the Company to estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove. In addition, many of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies and are subject to numerous statutory guidelines. These regulations and statutory guidelines often are complex, inconsistent or ambiguous, which results in additional uncertainty as to the outcome of a given lawsuit—including the amount of damages a plaintiff might be afforded—or makes it difficult to analogize experience in one case or jurisdiction to another case or jurisdiction.

Most of the non-ordinary course lawsuits to which the Company and its subsidiaries are parties challenge practices in the Company’s title insurance business, though a limited number of cases also pertain to the Company’s other businesses. These lawsuits include, among others, cases alleging, among other assertions, that the Company, one of its subsidiaries and/or one of its agents:

Both of these lawsuits are putative class actions. A court has granted class certification in Lewis and Raffone. For the reasons stated above, the Company has been unable to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

In Edwards a narrow class has been certified.  The Company believes the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

The class originally certified in Gale was subsequently decertified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

Both of these lawsuits are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

All of these lawsuits, except Kaufman and Kirk, are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. In Kaufman a class was certified but that certification was subsequently vacated. A trial of the Kirk matter has concluded, plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal and the Company filed a cross appeal. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

While some of the lawsuits described above may be material to the Company’s operating results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that any of these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition or liquidity.

The Company also is a party to non-ordinary course lawsuits other than those described above. With respect to these lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

The Company’s title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, thrift, trust and investment advisory businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Company’s other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to examination or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are examining or investigating certain of the Company’s operations. These exams or investigations include inquiries into, among other matters, pricing and rate setting practices in the title insurance industry, competition in the title insurance industry, real estate settlement service customer acquisition and retention practices and agency relationships. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure based on known facts. While the ultimate disposition of each such exam or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate they will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. These exams or investigations could, however, result in changes to the Company’s business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

The Company’s Canadian operations provide certain services to lenders which it believes to be exempt from excise tax under applicable Canadian tax laws.  However, in October 2014, the Canadian taxing authority provided internal guidance that the services in question should be subject to the excise tax.  While discussions with the taxing authority are ongoing, the Company believes that the guidance may result in an assessment.  The amount, if any, of such assessment is not currently known, and any such assessment would be subject to negotiation.  In the event that the Company disagrees with the ultimate assessment, the Company intends to avail itself of avenues of appeal.  While the Company believes it is reasonably likely that the Company would prevail on the merits, a loss associated with the matter is possible.  In light of the foregoing, the Company is not currently able to reasonably estimate a loss or range of loss associated with the matter.  While such a loss could be material to the Company’s operating results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition or liquidity.  

The Company and its subsidiaries also are involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to their operations.  With respect to each of these proceedings, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

 

 

Note 14 – Segment Information

The Company consists of the following reportable segments and a corporate function:

The corporate function consists primarily of certain financing facilities as well as the corporate services that support the Company’s business operations. Eliminations consist of inter-segment revenues and related expenses included in the results of the operating segments.

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FIRST AMERICAN FINANCIAL CORPORATION
AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements – (Continued)
(unaudited)

 

Selected financial information, by reporting segment, is as follows:

For the three months ended September 30, 2015:

 

For the three months ended September 30, 2014:

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2015:

 

For the nine months ended September 30, 2014:

 

 

 

 

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CERTAIN STATEMENTS IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THOSE SET FORTH ON PAGE 3 OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 27A OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND SECTION 21E OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED. THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY CONTAIN THE WORDS “BELIEVE,” “ANTICIPATE,” “EXPECT,” “PLAN,” “PREDICT,” “ESTIMATE,” “PROJECT,” “WILL BE,” “WILL CONTINUE,” “WILL LIKELY RESULT,” OR OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND PHRASES.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES EXIST THAT MAY CAUSE RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE SET FORTH IN THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE THE ANTICIPATED RESULTS TO DIFFER FROM THOSE DESCRIBED IN THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS INCLUDE THE FACTORS SET FORTH ON PAGES 3-4 OF THIS QUARTERLY REPORT. THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS SPEAK ONLY AS OF THE DATE THEY ARE MADE. THE COMPANY DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO UPDATE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS TO REFLECT CIRCUMSTANCES OR EVENTS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE DATE THE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE.

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis contains the financial measure adjusted information and other revenues excluding the effects of recent acquisitions, which is not presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Company is presenting this non-GAAP financial measure because it provides the Company’s management and readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q with additional insight into the operational performance of the Company relative to earlier periods.  The Company does not intend for this non-GAAP financial measure to be a substitute for any GAAP financial information.  In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, this non-GAAP financial measure has been presented with, and reconciled to, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure.  Readers of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should use this non-GAAP financial measure only in conjunction with the comparable GAAP financial measure.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014. A summary of the Company’s accounting policies that it considers to be the most dependent on the application of estimates and assumptions can be found in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In April 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued updated guidance which changes the criteria for determining which disposals are required to be presented as discontinued operations and modifies related disclosure requirements. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2014, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance had no impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Pending Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify the accounting for adjustments made to provisional amounts recognized in a business combination and eliminates the requirement to retrospectively account for those adjustments. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and applies prospectively to adjustments made to provisional amounts that occur after the effective date of this guidance with early adoption permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance relating to the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Announcement at the June 18, 2015 Emerging Issues Task Force meeting on the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance costs associated with line-of-credit arrangements.  The updated guidance allows for the deferral and presentation of debt issuance costs as an asset which may be amortized ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any related outstanding borrowings. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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In May 2015, the FASB issued updated disclosure guidance related to short-duration contracts issued by insurance entities.  The updated guidance is intended to increase the transparency of significant estimates made in measuring liabilities for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses and to provide additional insight into an insurance entity’s ability to underwrite and anticipate costs associated with claims. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015 and for interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice surrounding how investments measured at net asset value under the practical expedient with future redemption dates have been categorized in the fair value hierarchy.  Under the updated guidance, investments for which fair value is measured at net asset value per share using the practical expedient should no longer be categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The updated guidance requires retrospective adoption for all periods presented and is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted. Except for the disclosure requirements, the Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to impact its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to clarify the accounting treatment for cloud computing arrangements that include software licenses. Under the updated guidance, if a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to simplify, and provide consistency to, the presentation of debt issuance costs. The new standard requires that debt issuance costs be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which changes the analysis that a reporting entity must perform to determine whether it should consolidate certain types of legal entities.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In June 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance intended to eliminate the diversity in practice regarding share-based payment awards that include terms which provide for a performance target that affects vesting being achieved after the requisite service period. The new standard requires that a performance target which affects vesting and could be achieved after the requisite service period be treated as a performance condition that affects vesting and should not be reflected in estimating the grant-date fair value.  The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2015, with early adoption permitted.  The Company expects the adoption of this guidance to have no impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In May 2014, the FASB issued updated guidance for recognizing revenue from contracts with customers to provide a single, comprehensive revenue recognition model for all contracts with customers to improve comparability within and across industries, and across capital markets. The new revenue standard contains principles that an entity will apply to determine the measurement of revenue and the timing of recognition. The underlying principle is that an entity will recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers at an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue from insurance contracts is not within the scope of this guidance. The updated guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early adoption prohibited. In August 2015, the FASB issued updated guidance which defers the effective date of this guidance by one year to interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted as of the original effective date. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the new guidance on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Results of Operations

Summary of Third Quarter

A substantial portion of the revenues for the Company’s title insurance and services segment results from the sale and refinancing of residential and commercial real estate. In the Company’s specialty insurance segment, revenues associated with the initial year of coverage in both the home warranty and property and casualty operations are impacted by volatility in residential purchase transactions. Traditionally, the greatest volume of real estate activity, particularly residential purchase activity, has occurred in the spring and summer months. However, changes in interest rates, as well as other changes in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, can cause fluctuations in the traditional pattern of real estate activity.

The Company’s total revenues increased 9.9% in the third quarter of 2015 when compared with the third quarter of 2014.  This increase was primarily attributable to increases in commercial business and residential purchase transactions during 2015.  Direct premiums and escrow fees in the title insurance and services segment from commercial business and residential purchase transactions increased 15.4% and 14.5%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2015 when compared with the third quarter of 2014.

According to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s October 20, 2015 Mortgage Finance Forecast (the “MBA Forecast”), residential mortgage originations in the United States (based on the total dollar value of the transactions) increased 12.1% in the third quarter of 2015 when compared with the third quarter of 2014. According to the MBA Forecast, the dollar amount of purchase originations increased 9.5% and refinance originations increased 16.7%. The higher volume of domestic residential mortgage origination activity in the third quarter of 2015 contributed to a 7.3% increase in domestic residential purchase orders closed per day and a 3.6% increase in domestic refinance orders closed per day by the Company’s direct title operations in the third quarter of 2015 when compared with the third quarter of 2014.

During the third quarter of 2015, the level of domestic title orders opened per day by the Company’s direct title operations increased by 4.5% when compared with the third quarter of 2014.  Refinance, residential purchase and commercial open orders per day increased by 7.1%, 3.2% and 9.8%, respectively, during the third quarter of 2015 when compared to the same quarter of 2014.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority to regulate, among other areas, the mortgage and real estate markets in matters which impact consumers.  In addition to other activities, the CFPB has proposed and implemented regulations related to the simplification of mortgage disclosures and the required delivery of documentation to consumers in connection with the closing of federally-regulated mortgage loans.  Compliance with these integrated disclosure rules requires participants in the mortgage market, including the Company, to make significant changes to the manner in which they create, process, and deliver certain disclosures to consumers in connection with mortgage loan applications made on or after October 3, 2015.  These changes could lead to lower mortgage volumes and/or delays in mortgage processing, particularly in the early stages of implementation.  Readiness for, and compliance with, these rules also has required and continues to require extensive planning; changes to systems, forms and processes; as well as heightened coordination among market participants, including by settlement service providers, such as the Company and its agents, with lenders and others.  While the Company continues to engage in implementation activities, the success of the implementation effort is also dependent on the efforts of other market participants.  The ultimate impact of these changes to the Company, its agents and other market participants is unknown.

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Title Insurance and Services

Direct premiums and escrow fees were $527.6 million and $1.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $54.1 million, or 11.4%, and $223.9 million, or 17.7%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were due to an increase in the domestic average revenues per order closed and an increase in domestic title orders closed by the Company’s direct operations.  The average revenues per order closed were $2,119 and $1,981 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of 10.0% and 8.1% when compared with $1,926 and $1,833 for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in average revenues per order closed for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were primarily attributable to an increase in the average size of commercial deals closed, a greater number of large commercial deals closed, and higher residential real estate values when compared to the respective periods in 2014.  The increase in average revenues per order closed for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was partially offset by an increase in the mix of direct revenues generated from lower premium refinance transactions when compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. The Company’s direct title operations closed 224,000 and 678,100 title orders during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of 3.0% and 10.9% when compared with 217,400 and 611,700 title orders closed during the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in title orders closed were generally consistent with residential mortgage origination activity in the United States as reported in the MBA Forecast.

Agent premiums were $576.5 million and $1.5 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $79.6 million, or 16.0%, and $154.9 million, or 11.5%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. Agent premiums are recorded when notice of issuance is received from the agent, which is generally when cash payment is received by the Company. As a result, there is generally a delay between the agent’s issuance of a title policy and the Company’s recognition of agent premiums. Therefore, current quarter agent premiums typically reflect prior quarter mortgage origination activity. The increase in agent premiums quarter over quarter was generally consistent with the 20.5% increase in the Company’s direct premiums and escrow fees in the second quarter of 2015 as compared with the second quarter of 2014.

Information and other revenues primarily consist of revenues generated from fees associated with title search and related reports, title and other real property records and images, other non-insured settlement services, and risk mitigation products and services. These revenues generally trend with direct premiums and escrow fees but are typically less volatile since a portion of the revenues are subscription based and do not fluctuate with transaction volumes.

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Information and other revenues were $161.9 million and $477.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $1.2 million, or 0.8%, and $14.4 million, or 3.1%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year.  Excluding the $4.0 million and $19.5 million impact of new acquisitions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, information and other revenues decreased $2.8 million, or 1.7%, and $5.1 million, or 1.1%, when compared to the respective periods of the prior year.  The decreases in information and other revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, adjusted for the impact of acquisitions, were due to lower demand for the Company’s default information products as a result of the decrease in domestic loss mitigation activities when compared with the same periods of the prior year, partially offset by higher demand for certain of the Company’s non-insured services and products, which is directionally consistent with the increase in title insurance and services segment transaction volumes and revenue.  

Net investment income totaled $25.4 million and $73.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $3.3 million, or 15.1%, and $16.1 million, or 28.2%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher interest income from the investment portfolio due to higher average balances outstanding in the Company’s debt securities portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same periods of the prior year.  In addition, the Company recognized higher equity in earnings related to investments accounted for using the equity method in the nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same period of the prior year.

Net realized investment losses totaled $3.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and were primarily attributable to a loss from the sale of a wholly-owned subsidiary during the third quarter of 2015.  Net realized investment losses totaled $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and were primarily related to impairment on internally developed software of $7.3 million, net realized losses from the sales of debt and equity securities of $3.6 million, partially offset by gains from the sales of office buildings of $9.4 million.  Net realized investment gains totaled $12.8 million and $19.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and were primarily from the sales of debt and equity securities.  Net realized investment gains for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 also included $7.1 million of gain from the sale of an office building during the third quarter of 2014.

The title insurance and services segment (primarily direct operations) is labor intensive; accordingly, a major expense component is personnel costs. This expense component is affected by two primary factors: the need to monitor personnel changes to match the level of corresponding or anticipated new orders and the need to provide quality service.

Personnel costs were $379.5 million and $1.1 billion for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $33.8 million, or 9.8%, and $108.1 million, or 11.1%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year.  The increases were primarily attributable to higher incentive compensation costs, which include commissions, bonuses and 401(k) savings plan matches, due to higher revenue and profitability; higher salary expense due to higher headcount levels; and higher overtime expense due to higher volumes when compared to the same periods of the prior year.  The nine months ended September 30, 2015 was also impacted by increased costs associated with the Company’s medical and dental insurance plans.

Agents retained $462.1 million and $1.2 billion of title premiums generated by agency operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, which compares with $395.3 million and $1.1 billion for the respective periods of the prior year. The percentage of title premiums retained by agents was 80.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to 79.6% and 79.8% for the respective periods of the prior year.  The increases in the percentage of title premiums retained by agents were due to a change in the geographic mix of agency revenues towards higher agent-retention regions.

Other operating expenses for the title insurance and services segment were $201.8 million and $595.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, a decrease of $0.6 million, or 0.3%, and an increase of $26.4 million, or 4.6%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year.  Other operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was essentially flat when compared to the three months ended September 30, 2014 primarily due to a decline in production related expenses that was offset by higher temporary labor costs.  Production related expenses declined for the three months ended September 30, 2015 due to an increase in the mix of revenues generated from products with lower production related expenses as a percentage of revenue.  Temporary labor costs increased for the three months ended September 30, 2015 due to higher order volumes.  The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily due to higher production related expenses and higher temporary labor costs driven by higher order volumes and increased software expense.

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The provision for policy losses and other claims, expressed as a percentage of title premiums and escrow fees, was 6.5% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to 6.7% and 7.2% in the respective periods of the prior year.

The current quarter rate of 6.5% reflects the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the current policy year and a $5.5 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years.

The third quarter of 2014 rate of 6.7% reflected the ultimate loss rate of 6.0% for the 2014 policy year and a $6.8 million net increase in the loss reserve estimates for prior policy years.  The rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 of 7.2% included the impact of a large commercial claim from policy year 2007, net of anticipated recoveries.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $19.8 million and $59.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, a decrease of $2.1 million, or 9.7%, and an increase of $2.0 million, or 3.5%, respectively, when compared with the same periods of the prior year.  The decrease for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was due to a purchase accounting true-up recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2014.  The increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily attributable to the depreciation and amortization expense associated with developed technology and other intangible assets recorded in connection with acquisitions made in 2014 and 2015.

Premium taxes were $15.6 million and $41.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $1.9 million, or 13.7%, and $4.5 million, or 12.1%, respectively, compared to $13.7 million and $37.3 million for the same periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of title insurance premiums and escrow fees were 1.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

The profit margins for the title insurance business reflect the high cost of performing the essential services required before insuring title, whereas the corresponding revenues are subject to regulatory and competitive pricing restraints. Due to this relatively high proportion of fixed costs, title insurance profit margins generally improve as closed order volumes increase. Title insurance profit margins are affected by the composition (residential or commercial) and type (resale, refinancing or new construction) of real estate activity. Title insurance profit margins are also affected by the percentage of title insurance premiums generated by agency operations. Profit margins from direct operations are generally higher than from agency operations due primarily to the large portion of the premium that is retained by the agent. The pre-tax margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were 10.6% and 10.2%, respectively, compared with 10.4% and 7.9% in the respective periods of the prior year.

Specialty Insurance

Direct premiums were $98.1 million and $282.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $7.1 million, or 7.8%, and $19.3 million, or 7.3%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were driven by higher premiums earned in the home warranty business and, to a lesser extent, higher premiums earned in the property and casualty business.  The increases in the home warranty business were primarily in its renewal and real estate channels and were driven by an increase in the price charged for home warranty residential service contracts and an increase in the number of contracts issued.  

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Net investment income totaled $2.3 million and $6.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $0.6 million, or 34.7%, and $1.2 million, or 23.5%, respectively, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher interest income from the investment portfolio.

Net realized investment gains were $19 thousand and $1.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, and $1.6 million and $3.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, and were from the sales of debt and equity securities.

Personnel costs and other operating expenses were $29.1 million and $85.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, increases of $1.9 million, or 7.2%, and $5.8 million, or 7.2%, when compared with the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to higher corporate allocations for shared services support, higher personnel expense on higher headcount due to increased volume, and higher advertising expense in the home warranty business.

The provision for home warranty claims, expressed as a percentage of home warranty premiums, was 64.8% and 57.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 59.0% and 55.3% for the respective periods of the prior year.  The increases in the claims rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were primarily attributable to higher claims frequency and contract servicing costs in the third quarter of 2015 when compared to the third quarter of 2014.  While the claims rate for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was higher than the claims rate for the three months ended September 30, 2014, it was in line with historical third quarter claims rates. The provision for property and casualty claims, expressed as a percentage of property and casualty insurance premiums, was 77.0% and 65.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 61.2% and 59.6% for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases in the claims rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were primarily attributable to wildfires in northern California and an increase in the severity of claims, partially offset by a decrease in the frequency of claims.

Premium taxes were $1.8 million and $5.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $1.7 million and $4.6 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Premium taxes as a percentage of specialty insurance segment premiums were 1.9% for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 and 1.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

A large part of the revenues for the specialty insurance businesses are generated by renewals and are not dependent on the level of real estate activity in the year of renewal. With the exception of loss expense, the majority of the expenses for this segment are variable in nature and therefore generally fluctuate consistent with revenue fluctuations. Accordingly, profit margins for this segment (before loss expense) are relatively constant, although as a result of some fixed expenses, profit margins (before loss expense) should nominally improve as premium revenues increase.  Pre-tax margins for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were 1.7% and 10.0%, respectively, compared with 11.0% and 12.9% in the respective periods of the prior year.

Corporate

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Net investment losses totaled $5.4 million and $8.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with losses of $0.6 million and income of $3.0 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The decreases in net investment income were primarily attributable to lower earnings on investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan when compared to the same periods of 2014.  The nine months ended September 30, 2015 was also impacted by a one-time non-cash charge of $4.0 million, recorded during the first quarter of 2015, related to the investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan.

Corporate personnel costs and other operating expenses were $11.1 million and $44.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $9.5 million and $45.2 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The increase in personnel costs and other operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily attributable to increased expense related to the Company’s defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans, partially offset by lower costs related to the investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan.  Personnel costs and other operating expenses were essentially flat for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 when compared to the same period of 2014 primarily due to an increase in expense associated with the Company’s defined benefit pension and supplemental benefit plans that was offset by lower costs related to the investments associated with the Company’s deferred compensation plan.

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $1.0 million and $2.7 million for the respective periods of the prior year.  The decreases were related to a noncompete asset that was fully amortized during 2014.

Interest expense was $6.7 million and $20.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with $4.3 million and $12.2 million for the respective periods of the prior year. The increases were primarily attributable to the Company’s issuance of $300.0 million of debt in November 2014.

Eliminations

Eliminations primarily represent interest income and related interest expense associated with intercompany notes between the Company’s segments, which are eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The Company’s inter-segment eliminations were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014.

INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective income tax rate (income tax expense as a percentage of income before income taxes) was 34.3% and 34.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared with 30.2% and 32.6% for the respective periods of the prior year. The differences in the effective tax rates were primarily due to changes in the ratio of permanent differences to income before income taxes, changes in state and foreign income taxes resulting from fluctuations in the Company’s noninsurance and foreign subsidiaries’ contribution to pretax profits and changes in the liability related to tax positions reported on the Company’s tax returns recorded in 2014. In addition, the prior year tax rates reflected non-recurring tax benefits resulting from certain adjustments to the Company’s state and non-U.S. tax accounts.

The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and adjusts the allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization are the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the deferred tax assets. Failure to achieve forecasted taxable income in the applicable taxing jurisdictions could affect the ultimate realization of deferred tax assets and could result in an increase in the Company’s effective tax rate on future earnings.

NET INCOME AND NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY

Net income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $75.8 million and $207.1 million, respectively, compared with $80.9 million and $153.5 million for the respective periods of the prior year. Net income attributable to the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was $75.5 million, or $0.69 per diluted share, and $206.5 million, or $1.88 per diluted share, respectively, compared with $80.7 million, or $0.74 per diluted share, and $153.0 million, or $1.41 per diluted share, for the respective periods of the prior year.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Requirements.    The Company generates cash primarily from the sale of its products and services and investment income. The Company’s current cash requirements include operating expenses, taxes, payments of principal and interest on its debt, capital expenditures and dividends on its common stock, and may include business acquisitions and repurchases of its common stock. Management forecasts the cash needs of the holding company and its primary subsidiaries and regularly reviews their short-term and long-term projected sources and uses of funds, as well as the asset, liability, investment and cash flow assumptions underlying such forecasts. Due to the Company’s ability to generate cash flows from operations and its liquid-asset position, management believes that its resources are sufficient to satisfy its anticipated operational cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.

The substantial majority of the Company’s business is dependent upon activity in the real estate and mortgage markets, which are cyclical and seasonal. Periods of increasing interest rates and reduced mortgage financing availability generally have an adverse effect on residential real estate activity and therefore typically decrease the Company’s revenues. In contrast, periods of declining interest rates and increased mortgage financing availability generally have a positive effect on residential real estate activity which typically increases the Company’s revenues. Residential purchase activity is typically slower in the winter months with increased volumes in the spring and summer months. Residential refinance activity is typically more volatile than purchase activity and is highly impacted by changes in interest rates. Commercial real estate volumes are less sensitive to changes in interest rates, but fluctuate based on local supply and demand conditions for space and mortgage financing availability.

Cash provided by operating activities amounted to $352.2 million and $166.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, respectively, after claim payments, net of recoveries, of $364.3 million and $353.0 million, respectively. The principal nonoperating uses of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014 were purchases of debt and equity securities, business acquisitions, repayment of debt, capital expenditures and dividends to common stockholders. The principal nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 were proceeds from the sales and maturities of debt and equity securities and increases in the deposit balances at the Company’s banking operations.  The principal nonoperating sources of cash and cash equivalents for the nine months ended September 30, 2014 were proceeds from the issuance of debt, proceeds from the sales and maturities of debt and equity securities and increases in the deposit balances at the Company’s banking operations. The net effect of all activities on total cash and cash equivalents was a decrease of $295.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and an increase of $369.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.

The Company continually assesses its capital allocation strategy, including decisions relating to dividends, stock repurchases, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments.  In August 2015, the Company’s board of directors approved a third quarter cash dividend of 25 cents per common share. Management expects that the Company will continue to pay quarterly cash dividends at or above the current level. The timing, declaration and payment of future dividends, however, falls within the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon many factors, including the Company’s financial condition and earnings, the capital requirements of the Company’s businesses, industry practice, restrictions imposed by applicable law and any other factors the board of directors deems relevant from time to time.

In March 2014, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase in the size of the Company’s stock repurchase plan from $150.0 million to $250.0 million, of which $182.9 million remained as of September 30, 2015. Purchases may be made from time to time by the Company in the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions. The Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and as of September 30, 2015, had repurchased and retired 3.2 million shares of its common stock under the current authorization for a total purchase price of $67.1 million, or $21.27 per share.

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Holding Company.    First American Financial Corporation is a holding company that conducts all of its operations through its subsidiaries. The holding company’s current cash requirements include payments of principal and interest on its debt, taxes, payments in connection with employee benefit plans, dividends on its common stock and other expenses. The holding company is dependent upon dividends and other payments from its operating subsidiaries to meet its cash requirements. The Company’s target is to maintain a cash balance at the holding company equal to at least twelve months of estimated cash requirements. At certain points in time, the actual cash balance at the holding company may vary from this target due to, among other factors, the timing and amount of cash payments made and dividend payments received. Pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the holding company is limited, principally for the protection of policyholders. As of September 30, 2015, under such regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available to the holding company from its insurance subsidiaries for the remainder of 2015, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was $515.6 million. Such restrictions have not had, nor are they expected to have, an impact on the holding company’s ability to meet its cash obligations.

As of September 30, 2015, the holding company’s sources of liquidity included $230.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $700.0 million available on the Company’s revolving credit facility. Management believes that liquidity at the holding company is sufficient to satisfy anticipated cash requirements and obligations for at least the next twelve months.

Financing.    The Company maintains a credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in its capacity as administrative agent and the lenders party thereto. The credit agreement is comprised of a $700.0 million revolving credit facility. Unless terminated earlier, the revolving loan commitments under the credit agreement will terminate on May 14, 2019. The obligations of the Company under the credit agreement are neither secured nor guaranteed. Proceeds under the credit agreement may be used for general corporate purposes. At September 30, 2015, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the facility and was in compliance with the financial covenants under the credit agreement.

In addition to amounts available under its credit facility, certain subsidiaries of the Company are parties to master repurchase agreements which are used as part of the Company’s liquidity management activities and to support its risk management activities. In particular, securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements may be used as short-term funding sources. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company financed securities for funds received totaling $47.2 million under these agreements. As of September 30, 2015, no amounts remained outstanding under these agreements.

Notes and contracts payable as a percentage of total capitalization was 17.8% and 18.6% at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

Investment Portfolio.    The Company maintains a high quality, liquid investment portfolio that is primarily held at its insurance and banking subsidiaries. As of September 30, 2015, 93% of the Company’s investment portfolio consisted of fixed income securities, of which 66% were United States government-backed or rated AAA and 94% were rated or classified as investment grade. Percentages are based on the amortized cost basis of the securities. Credit ratings are based on Standard & Poor’s Rating Services and Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. published ratings. If a security was rated differently by both rating agencies, the lower of the two ratings was selected.

The table below outlines the composition of the investment portfolio in an unrealized loss position, by credit rating, (percentages are based on the amortized cost basis of the investments) as of September 30, 2015:

In addition to its debt and equity securities portfolio, the Company maintains certain money-market and other short-term investments.

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Off-balance sheet arrangements.    The Company administers escrow deposits and trust assets as a service to its customers. Escrow deposits totaled $8.0 billion and $6.3 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, of which $2.5 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, were held at the Company’s federal savings bank subsidiary, First American Trust, FSB. The escrow deposits held at First American Trust, FSB are temporarily invested in cash and cash equivalents and debt securities, with offsetting liabilities included in deposits in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The remaining escrow deposits were held at third-party financial institutions.

Trust assets held or managed by First American Trust, FSB totaled $3.0 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014. Escrow deposits held at third-party financial institutions and trust assets are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. However, the Company could be held contingently liable for the disposition of these assets.

In conducting its operations, the Company often holds customers’ assets in escrow, pending completion of real estate transactions and, as a result, the Company has ongoing programs for realizing economic benefits with various financial institutions. The results from these programs are included in the condensed consolidated financial statements as income or a reduction in expense, as appropriate, based on the nature of the arrangement and benefit received.

The Company facilitates tax-deferred property exchanges for customers pursuant to Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code and tax-deferred reverse exchanges pursuant to Revenue Procedure 2000-37. As a facilitator and intermediary, the Company holds the proceeds from sales transactions and takes temporary title to property identified by the customer to be acquired with such proceeds. Upon the completion of each such exchange, the identified property is transferred to the customer or, if the exchange does not take place, an amount equal to the sales proceeds or, in the case of a reverse exchange, title to the property held by the Company is transferred to the customer. Like-kind exchange funds held by the Company totaled $2.9 billion and $2.4 billion at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. The like-kind exchange deposits are held at third-party financial institutions and, due to the structure utilized to facilitate these transactions, the proceeds and property are not considered assets of the Company and, therefore, are not included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. All such amounts are placed in deposit accounts insured, up to applicable limits, by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company could be held contingently liable to the customer for the transfers of property, disbursements of proceeds and the returns on such proceeds.

At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, the Company was contingently liable for guarantees of indebtedness owed by affiliates and third parties to banks and others totaling $8.2 million and $8.9 million, respectively. The guarantee arrangements relate to promissory notes and other contracts that contingently require the Company to make payments to the guaranteed party upon the failure of debtors to make scheduled payments according to the terms of the notes and contracts. The Company’s maximum potential obligation under these guarantees totaled $8.2 million and $8.9 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively, and is limited in duration to the terms of the underlying indebtedness. The Company has not incurred any costs as a result of these guarantees and has not recorded a liability on its condensed consolidated balance sheets related to these guarantees at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014.

The Company’s primary exposure to market risk relates to interest rate risk associated with certain financial instruments. Although the Company monitors its risk associated with fluctuations in interest rates, it does not currently use derivative financial instruments on any significant scale to hedge these risks.

There have been no material changes in the Company’s market risks since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, the end of the quarterly period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, were effective, based on the evaluation of these controls and procedures required by Rule 13a-15(b) thereunder.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2015, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

 

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to a number of non-ordinary course lawsuits. These lawsuits frequently are similar in nature to other lawsuits pending against the Company’s competitors.

For those non-ordinary course lawsuits where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded. Actual losses may materially differ from the amounts recorded.

For a substantial majority of these lawsuits, however, it is not possible to assess the probability of loss. Most of these lawsuits are putative class actions which require a plaintiff to satisfy a number of procedural requirements before proceeding to trial. These requirements include, among others, demonstration to a court that the law proscribes in some manner the Company’s activities, the making of factual allegations sufficient to suggest that the Company’s activities exceeded the limits of the law and a determination by the court—known as class certification—that the law permits a group of individuals to pursue the case together as a class. In certain instances the Company may also be able to compel the plaintiff to arbitrate its claim on an individual basis. If these procedural requirements are not met, either the lawsuit cannot proceed or, as is the case with class certification or compelled arbitration, the plaintiffs lose the financial incentive to proceed with the case (or the amount at issue effectively becomes de minimis). Frequently, a court’s determination as to these procedural requirements is subject to appeal to a higher court. As a result of, among other factors, ambiguities and inconsistencies in the myriad laws applicable to the Company’s business and the uniqueness of the factual issues presented in any given lawsuit, the Company often cannot determine the probability of loss until a court has finally determined that a plaintiff has satisfied applicable procedural requirements.

Furthermore, because most of these lawsuits are putative class actions, it is often impossible to estimate the possible loss or a range of loss amounts, even where the Company has determined that a loss is reasonably possible. Generally class actions involve a large number of people and the effort to determine which people satisfy the requirements to become plaintiffs—or class members—is often time consuming and burdensome. Moreover, these lawsuits raise complex factual issues which result in uncertainty as to their outcome and, ultimately, make it difficult for the Company to estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove. In addition, many of the Company’s businesses are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies and are subject to numerous statutory guidelines. These regulations and statutory guidelines often are complex, inconsistent or ambiguous, which results in additional uncertainty as to the outcome of a given lawsuit—including the amount of damages a plaintiff might be afforded—or makes it difficult to analogize experience in one case or jurisdiction to another case or jurisdiction.

Most of the non-ordinary course lawsuits to which the Company and its subsidiaries are parties challenge practices in the Company’s title insurance business, though a limited number of cases also pertain to the Company’s other businesses. These lawsuits include, among others, cases alleging, among other assertions, that the Company, one of its subsidiaries and/or one of its agents:

Both of these lawsuits are putative class actions. A court has granted class certification in Lewis and Raffone. For the reasons stated above, the Company has been unable to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

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In Edwards a narrow class has been certified.  The Company believes the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

The class originally certified in Gale was subsequently decertified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

Both of these lawsuits are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss.

All of these lawsuits, except Kaufman and Kirk, are putative class actions for which a class has not been certified. In Kaufman a class was certified but that certification was subsequently vacated. A trial of the Kirk matter has concluded, plaintiff has filed a notice of appeal and the Company filed a cross appeal. For the reasons described above, the Company has not yet been able to assess the probability of loss or estimate the possible loss or the range of loss or, where the Company has been able to make an estimate, the Company believes the amount is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

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While some of the lawsuits described above may be material to the Company’s operating results in any particular period if an unfavorable outcome results, the Company does not believe that any of these lawsuits will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s overall financial condition or liquidity.

The Company also is a party to non-ordinary course lawsuits other than those described above. With respect to these lawsuits, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

The Company’s title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, thrift, trust and investment advisory businesses are regulated by various federal, state and local governmental agencies. Many of the Company’s other businesses operate within statutory guidelines. Consequently, the Company may from time to time be subject to examination or investigation by such governmental agencies. Currently, governmental agencies are examining or investigating certain of the Company’s operations. These exams or investigations include inquiries into, among other matters, pricing and rate setting practices in the title insurance industry, competition in the title insurance industry, real estate settlement service customer acquisition and retention practices and agency relationships. With respect to matters where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company has recorded a liability representing its best estimate of the financial exposure based on known facts. While the ultimate disposition of each such exam or investigation is not yet determinable, the Company does not believe that individually or in the aggregate they will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. These exams or investigations could, however, result in changes to the Company’s business practices which could ultimately have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company and its subsidiaries also are involved in numerous ongoing routine legal and regulatory proceedings related to their operations.  With respect to each of these proceedings, the Company has determined either that a loss is not reasonably possible or that the estimated loss or range of loss, if any, is not material to the condensed consolidated financial statements as a whole.

You should carefully consider each of the following risk factors and the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company faces risks other than those listed here, including those that are unknown to the Company and others of which the Company may be aware but, at present, considers immaterial. Because of the following factors, as well as other variables affecting the Company’s operating results, past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance, and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods.

1. Conditions in the real estate market generally impact the demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services and the Company’s claims experience

Demand for a substantial portion of the Company’s products and services generally decreases as the number of real estate transactions in which its products and services are purchased decreases. The number of real estate transactions in which the Company’s products and services are purchased decreases in the following situations:

These circumstances, particularly declining real estate values and the increase in foreclosures that often results therefrom, also tend to adversely impact the Company’s title claims experience.

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2. Unfavorable economic conditions may have a material adverse effect on the Company

Historically, uncertainty and negative trends in general economic conditions in the United States and abroad, including significant tightening of credit markets and a general decline in the value of real property, have created a difficult operating environment for the Company’s businesses and other companies in its industries. In addition, the Company holds investments in entities, such as title agencies and settlement service providers, as well as securities in its investment portfolio, which may be negatively impacted by these conditions. The Company also owns a federal savings bank into which it deposits some of its own funds and some funds held in trust for third parties. This bank invests those funds and any realized losses incurred will be reflected in the Company’s consolidated results. The likelihood of such losses, which generally would not occur if the Company were to deposit these funds in an unaffiliated entity, increases when economic conditions are unfavorable. Depending upon the ultimate severity and duration of any economic downturn, the resulting effects on the Company could be materially adverse, including a significant reduction in revenues, earnings and cash flows, challenges to the Company’s ability to satisfy covenants or otherwise meet its obligations under debt facilities, difficulties in obtaining access to capital, challenges to the Company’s ability to pay dividends at currently anticipated levels, deterioration in the value of its investments and increased credit risk from customers and others with obligations to the Company.

3. Unfavorable economic or other conditions could cause the Company to write off a portion of its goodwill and other intangible assets

The Company performs an impairment test of the carrying value of goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets annually in the fourth quarter, or sooner if circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Finite-lived intangible assets are subject to impairment tests on a periodic basis. Factors that may be considered in connection with this review include, without limitation, underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results, reductions in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, increased cost of capital and negative macroeconomic, industry and company-specific trends. These and other factors could lead to a conclusion that goodwill or other intangible assets are no longer fully recoverable, in which case the Company would be required to write off the portion believed to be unrecoverable. Total goodwill and other intangible assets reflected on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2015 are $1.0 billion. Any substantial goodwill and other intangible asset impairments that may be required could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

4. Failures at financial institutions at which the Company deposits funds could adversely affect the Company

The Company deposits substantial funds in financial institutions. These funds include amounts owned by third parties, such as escrow deposits. Should one or more of the financial institutions at which deposits are maintained fail, there is no guarantee that the Company would recover the funds deposited, whether through Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation coverage or otherwise. In the event of any such failure, the Company also could be held liable for the funds owned by third parties.  

5. Changes in government regulation could prohibit or limit the Company’s operations, make it more burdensome to conduct such operations or result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services

Many of the Company’s businesses, including its title insurance, property and casualty insurance, home warranty, banking, trust and investment businesses, are regulated by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies. These and other of the Company’s businesses also operate within statutory guidelines. The industry in which the Company operates and the markets into which it sells its products are also regulated and subject to statutory guidelines. Changes in the applicable regulatory environment, statutory guidelines or interpretations of existing regulations or statutes, enhanced governmental oversight or efforts by governmental agencies to cause customers to refrain from using the Company’s products or services could prohibit or limit its future operations or make it more burdensome to conduct such operations or result in decreased demand for the Company’s products and services. The impact of these changes would be more significant if they involve jurisdictions in which the Company generates a greater portion of its title premiums, such as the states of Arizona, California, Florida, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Texas. These changes may compel the Company to reduce its prices, may restrict its ability to implement price increases or acquire assets or businesses, may limit the manner in which the Company conducts its business or otherwise may have a negative impact on its ability to generate revenues, earnings and cash flows.

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6. Scrutiny of the Company’s businesses and the industries in which it operates by governmental entities and others could adversely affect its operations and financial condition

The real estate settlement services industry, an industry in which the Company generates a substantial portion of its revenue and earnings, is subject to continuous scrutiny by regulators, legislators, the media and plaintiffs’ attorneys. Though often directed at the industry generally, these groups may also focus their attention directly on the Company’s businesses. In either case, this scrutiny may result in changes which could adversely affect the Company’s operations and, therefore, its financial condition and liquidity.

Governmental entities have routinely inquired into certain practices in the real estate settlement services industry to determine whether certain of the Company’s businesses or its competitors have violated applicable laws, which include, among others, the insurance codes of the various jurisdictions and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act and similar state, federal and foreign laws. Departments of insurance in the various states, federal regulators and applicable regulators in international jurisdictions, either separately or together, also periodically conduct targeted inquiries into the practices of title insurance companies and other settlement services providers in their respective jurisdictions.

Further, from time to time plaintiffs’ lawyers may target the Company and other members of the Company’s industry with lawsuits claiming legal violations or other wrongful conduct. These lawsuits may involve large groups of plaintiffs and claims for substantial damages. Any of these types of inquiries or proceedings may result in a finding of a violation of the law or other wrongful conduct and may result in the payment of fines or damages or the imposition of restrictions on the Company’s conduct which could impact its operations and financial condition. Moreover, these laws and standards of conduct often are ambiguous and, thus, it may be difficult to ensure compliance. This ambiguity may force the Company to mitigate its risk by settling claims or by ending practices that generate revenues, earnings and cash flows.

We increasingly utilize social media to communicate with customers, vendors and other individuals interested in our Company. Information delivered via social media can be easily accessed and rapidly disseminated, and the use of social media by us and other parties could result in reputational harm, decreased customer loyalty or other issues that could diminish the value of the Company’s brand or result in significant liability.  

7. The breadth of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau’s rulemaking and supervisory powers may increase our costs and require changes in our business

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) has broad authority to regulate, among other areas, the mortgage and real estate markets, including our domestic subsidiaries that operate in the settlement services businesses, in matters which impact consumers. This authority includes the enforcement of federal consumer financial laws, including the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act. The manner in which the CFPB will utilize its rulemaking and supervisory powers is not fully known. In addition to other activities, the CFPB has proposed and implemented regulations related to the simplification of mortgage disclosures and the required delivery of documentation to consumers in connection with the closing of federally-regulated mortgage loans. Extensive efforts have been required to implement these and other CFPB regulations, and may be required to implement future regulations. Regulations issued by the CFPB, or the manner in which it interprets and enforces existing consumer protection laws, also could impact the way in which we conduct our business, require alteration to existing systems, products and services and otherwise increase our expenses or reduce our revenues.  Accordingly, the impact of the CFPB on our business is uncertain.

8. The CFPB’s integrated disclosure rules necessitate significant changes to the Company’s business processes, could lead to market disruption and may otherwise adversely affect the Company

Compliance with the CFPB’s integrated disclosure rules requires participants in the mortgage market, including the Company, to make significant changes to the manner in which they create, process, and deliver certain disclosures to consumers in connection with mortgage loan applications made on or after October 3, 2015.  Readiness for, and compliance with, these rules has required and continues to require extensive planning; changes to technology systems, forms and processes; as well as heightened coordination among market participants, including by settlement service providers, such as the Company and its agents, with lenders and others.  While the Company continues to engage in implementation activities, the success of the implementation effort is also dependent on the efforts of other market participants.  There can be no assurance that the Company, its agents or other market participants will be successful in their implementation efforts, or that consumers or the CFPB will be satisfied with the manner in which the new rules have been implemented.  These changes also could lead to lower mortgage volumes and/or delays in mortgage processing, particularly in the early stages of implementation.  Accordingly, in addition to the significant time and expense associated with readiness and compliance with the new integrated disclosure rules, the rules may lead to market disruption, loss of business, unexpected expenses or other adverse effects.

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9. Regulation of title insurance rates could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations

Title insurance rates are subject to extensive regulation, which varies from state to state. In many states the approval of the applicable state insurance regulator is required prior to implementing a rate change. This regulation could hinder the Company’s ability to promptly adapt to changing market dynamics through price adjustments, which could adversely affect its results of operations, particularly in a rapidly declining market.

10. Reform of government-sponsored enterprises could negatively impact the Company

Historically, a substantial proportion of home loans originated in the United States were sold to and, generally, resold in a securitized form by, the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac). As a condition to the purchase of a home loan, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac generally required the purchase of title insurance for their benefit and, as applicable, the benefit of the holders of home loans they may have securitized. The federal government currently is considering various alternatives to reform Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The role, if any, that these enterprises or other enterprises fulfilling a similar function will play in the mortgage process following the adoption of any reforms is not currently known. The timing of the adoption and, thereafter, the implementation of the reforms is similarly unknown. Due to the significance of the role of these enterprises, the mortgage process itself may substantially change as a result of these reforms and related discussions. It is possible that these entities, as reformed, or the successors to these entities may require changes to the way title insurance is priced or delivered, changes to standard policy terms or other changes which may make the title insurance business less profitable. These reforms may also alter the home loan market, such as by causing higher mortgage interest rates due to decreased governmental support of mortgage-backed securities. These consequences could be materially adverse to the Company and its financial condition.  

11. The Company may find it difficult to acquire necessary data

Certain data used and supplied by the Company are subject to regulation by various federal, state and local regulatory authorities. Compliance with existing federal, state and local laws and regulations with respect to such data has not had a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition or liquidity to date. Nonetheless, federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States designed to protect the public from the misuse of personal information in the marketplace and adverse publicity or potential litigation concerning the commercial use of such information may affect the Company’s operations and could result in substantial regulatory compliance expense, litigation expense and a loss of revenue. The suppliers of data to the Company face similar burdens.  As a result of these and other factors, the Company may find it financially burdensome to acquire necessary data.

12. Changes in the Company’s relationships with large mortgage lenders or government–sponsored enterprises could adversely affect the Company

The mortgage markets in the United States and Canada are concentrated. Due to the consolidated nature of the industry, the Company derives a significant percentage of its revenues from a relatively small base of lenders, and their borrowers, which enhances the negotiating power of these lenders with respect to the pricing and the terms on which they purchase the Company’s products and other matters. Similarly, government-sponsored enterprises, because of their significant role in the mortgage process, have significant influence over the Company and other service providers. These circumstances could adversely affect the Company’s revenues and profitability. Changes in the Company’s relationship with any of these lenders or government-sponsored enterprises, the loss of all or a portion of the business the Company derives from these parties or any refusal of these parties to accept the Company’s products and services could have a material adverse effect on the Company.

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13. A downgrade by ratings agencies, reductions in statutory capital and surplus maintained by the Company’s title insurance underwriters or a deterioration in other measures of financial strength may negatively affect the Company’s results of operations and competitive position

Certain of the Company’s customers use measurements of the financial strength of the Company’s title insurance underwriters, including, among others, ratings provided by ratings agencies and levels of statutory capital and surplus maintained by those underwriters, in determining the amount of a policy they will accept and the amount of reinsurance required. Each of the major ratings agencies currently rates the Company’s title insurance operations. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter’s financial strength ratings are “A3” by Moody’s Investor Services, Inc., “A” by Fitch Ratings Ltd., “A-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services and “A” by A.M. Best Company, Inc. These ratings provide the agencies’ perspectives on the financial strength, operating performance and cash generating ability of those operations. These agencies continually review these ratings and the ratings are subject to change. Statutory capital and surplus, or the amount by which statutory assets exceed statutory liabilities, is also a measure of financial strength. The Company’s principal title insurance underwriter maintained $978.7 million of total statutory capital and surplus as of December 31, 2014. Accordingly, if the ratings or statutory capital and surplus of these title insurance underwriters are reduced from their current levels, or if there is a deterioration in other measures of financial strength, the Company’s results of operations, competitive position and liquidity could be adversely affected.

14. The Company’s investment portfolio is subject to certain risks and could experience losses

The Company maintains a substantial investment portfolio, primarily consisting of fixed income securities (including mortgage-backed securities). The investment portfolio also includes money-market and other short-term investments, as well as preferred and common stock. Securities in the Company’s investment portfolio are subject to certain economic and financial market risks, such as credit risk, interest rate (including call, prepayment and extension) risk and/or liquidity risk. The risk of loss associated with the portfolio is increased during periods of instability in credit markets and economic conditions. If the carrying value of the investments exceeds the fair value, and the decline in fair value is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the Company will be required to write down the value of the investments, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, statutory surplus and financial condition.  

15. The Company’s pension plan is currently underfunded and pension expenses and funding obligations could increase significantly as a result of decreases in interest rates or weak performance of financial markets and its effect on plan assets

The Company is responsible for the obligations of its defined benefit pension plan. The plan was closed to new entrants effective December 31, 2001 and amended to “freeze” all benefit accruals as of April 30, 2008. The Company’s future funding obligations for this plan depend upon, among other factors, the future performance of assets held in trust for the plan and interest rates. The pension plan was underfunded as of September 30, 2015 by $86.7 million and the Company may need to make significant contributions to the plan. In addition, pension expenses and funding requirements may also be greater than currently anticipated if the market values of the assets held by the pension plan decline or if the other assumptions regarding plan earnings, expenses and interest rates require adjustment. The Company’s obligations under this plan could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

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16. Actual claims experience could materially vary from the expected claims experience reflected in the Company’s reserve for incurred but not reported claims

The Company maintains a reserve for incurred but not reported (“IBNR”) claims pertaining to its title, escrow and other insurance and guarantee products. The majority of this reserve pertains to title insurance policies, which are long-duration contracts with the majority of the claims reported within the first few years following the issuance of the policy. Generally, 70% to 80% of claim amounts become known in the first six years of the policy life, and the majority of IBNR reserves relate to the six most recent policy years. Changes in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for recent policy years are considered likely and could result in a material adjustment to the IBNR reserves. Based on historical experience, management believes a 50 basis point change to the loss rates for recent policy years, positive or negative, is reasonably likely given the long duration nature of a title insurance policy. For example, if the expected ultimate losses for each of the last six policy years increased or decreased by 50 basis points, the resulting impact on the Company’s IBNR reserve would be an increase or decrease, as the case may be, of $102.5 million. A material change in expected ultimate losses and corresponding loss rates for older policy years is also possible, particularly for policy years with loss ratios exceeding historical norms. The estimates made by management in determining the appropriate level of IBNR reserves could ultimately prove to be materially different from actual claims experience.

17. The issuance of the Company’s title insurance policies and related activities by title agents, which operate with substantial independence from the Company, could adversely affect the Company

The Company’s title insurance subsidiaries issue a significant portion of their policies through title agents that operate with a substantial degree of independence from the Company. While these title agents are subject to certain contractual limitations that are designed to limit the Company’s risk with respect to their activities, there is no guarantee that the agents will fulfill their contractual obligations to the Company. In addition, regulators are increasingly seeking to hold the Company responsible for the actions of these title agents and, under certain circumstances, the Company may be held liable directly to third parties for actions (including defalcations) or omissions of these agents. Recent case law in certain states also suggests that the Company is liable for the actions or omissions of its agents in those states, regardless of contractual limitations. As a result, the Company’s use of title agents could result in increased claims on the Company’s policies issued through agents and an increase in other costs and expenses.

18. The Company’s risk mitigation efforts may prove inadequate

The Company assumes risks in the ordinary course of its business, including through the issuance of title insurance policies and the provision of other products and services.  The Company mitigates these risks through a number of different means, including the implementation of underwriting policies and procedures and other mechanisms for assessing risk.  However, underwriting of title insurance policies and other risk-assumption decisions frequently involve a substantial degree of individual judgment.  The Company’s risk mitigation efforts or the reliability of any necessary judgment may prove inadequate, especially in situations where the Company or individuals involved in risk taking decisions are encouraged by customers or others, or because of competitive pressures, to assume risks or to expeditiously make risk determinations.  This circumstance could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. 

19. Systems damage, failures, interruptions and intrusions, wire transfer errors and unauthorized data disclosures may disrupt the Company’s business, harm the Company’s reputation, result in material claims for damages or otherwise adversely affect the Company

The Company uses computer systems to receive, process, store and transmit business information, including highly sensitive non-public personal information as well as data from suppliers and other information upon which its business relies. It also uses these systems to manage substantial cash, investment assets, bank deposits, trust assets and escrow account balances on behalf of the Company and its customers, among other activities. Many of the Company’s products, services and solutions involving the use of real property related data are fully reliant on its systems and are only available electronically.  Accordingly, for a variety of reasons, the integrity of the Company’s computer systems and the protection of the information that resides on those systems are critically important to its successful operation.  The Company’s core computer systems are primarily located in two data centers.  The Company recently took over management of its primary data center and the secondary data center is maintained and managed by a third party.

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The Company’s computer systems and systems used by its agents, suppliers and customers have been subject to, and are likely to continue to be the target of, computer viruses, cyber attacks, phishing attacks and other malicious attacks. These attacks have increased in frequency and sophistication in recent years, and could expose the Company to system-related damage, failures, interruptions, and other negative events.  Further, certain other potential causes of system damage or other negative system-related events are wholly or partially beyond the Company’s control, such as natural disasters, vendor failures to satisfy service level requirements and power or telecommunications failures.  These incidents, regardless of their underlying causes, could disrupt the Company’s business and could also result in the loss or unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring or destruction of confidential, proprietary and other information pertaining to the Company, its customers, employees, agents or suppliers.

Certain laws and contracts the Company has entered into require it to notify various parties, including consumers or customers, in the event of certain actual or potential data breaches or systems failures. These notifications can result, among other things, in the loss of customers, lawsuits, adverse publicity, diversion of management’s time and energy, the attention of regulatory authorities, fines and disruptions in sales.  Further, the Company’s financial institution customers have obligations to safeguard their computer systems and sensitive information and it may be bound contractually and/or by regulation to comply with the same requirements. If the Company fails to comply with applicable regulations and contractual requirements, it could be exposed to lawsuits, governmental proceedings or the imposition of fines, among other consequences.

The Company also relies on its systems, employees and domestic and international banks to transfer funds. These transfers are susceptible to user input error, fraud, system interruptions, incorrect processing and similar errors that could result in lost funds.

Accordingly, any inability to prevent or adequately respond to the issues described above could disrupt the Company’s business, inhibit its ability to retain existing customers or attract new customers and/or result in financial losses, litigation, increased costs or other adverse consequences which could be material to the Company.

20. The Company may not be able to realize the benefits of its offshore strategy

The Company utilizes lower cost labor in foreign countries, such as India and the Philippines, among others. These countries are subject to relatively high degrees of political and social instability and may lack the infrastructure to withstand natural disasters. Such disruptions could decrease efficiency and increase the Company’s costs in these countries. Weakness of the United States dollar in relation to the currencies used in these foreign countries may also reduce the savings achievable through this strategy. Furthermore, the practice of utilizing labor based in foreign countries is subject to heightened scrutiny in the United States and, as a result, some of the Company’s customers may require it to use labor based in the United States. Laws or regulations that require the Company to use labor based in the United States or effectively increase the cost of the Company’s foreign labor also could be enacted. The Company may not be able to pass on these increased costs to its customers.

21. Acquisitions may have an adverse effect on our business

The Company has in the past acquired, and is expected to acquire in the future, other businesses. When businesses are acquired, the Company may not be able to integrate or manage these businesses in such a manner as to realize the anticipated synergies or otherwise produce returns that justify the investment. Acquired businesses may subject the Company to increased regulatory or compliance requirements. The Company may not be able to successfully retain employees of acquired businesses or integrate them, and could lose customers, suppliers or other partners as a result of the acquisitions. For these and other reasons, including changes in market conditions, the projections used to value the acquired businesses may prove inaccurate. In addition, the Company might incur unanticipated liabilities from acquisitions. These and other factors related to acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. The Company’s management also will continue to be required to dedicate substantial time and effort to the integration of its acquisitions. These efforts could divert management’s focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and operational matters.

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22. As a holding company, the Company depends on distributions from its subsidiaries, and if distributions from its subsidiaries are materially impaired, the Company’s ability to declare and pay dividends may be adversely affected; in addition, insurance and other regulations limit the amount of dividends, loans and advances available from the Company’s insurance subsidiaries

The Company is a holding company whose primary assets are investments in its operating subsidiaries. The Company’s ability to pay dividends is dependent on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends or repay funds. If the Company’s operating subsidiaries are not able to pay dividends or repay funds, the Company may not be able to fulfill parent company obligations and/or declare and pay dividends to its stockholders. Moreover, pursuant to insurance and other regulations under which the Company’s insurance subsidiaries operate, the amount of dividends, loans and advances available is limited. As of September 30, 2015, under such regulations, the maximum amount of dividends, loans and advances available in 2015 from these insurance subsidiaries, without prior approval from applicable regulators, was $515.6 million.

23. Certain provisions of the Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation may reduce the likelihood of any unsolicited acquisition proposal or potential change of control that the Company’s stockholders might consider favorable

The Company’s bylaws and certificate of incorporation contain provisions that could be considered “anti-takeover” provisions because they make it harder for a third-party to acquire the Company without the consent of the Company’s incumbent board of directors. Under these provisions:

While the Company believes that they are appropriate, these provisions, which may only be amended by the affirmative vote of the holders of approximately 67% of the Company’s issued voting shares, could have the effect of discouraging an unsolicited acquisition proposal or delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control transaction that might involve a premium price or otherwise be considered favorably by the Company’s stockholders.   

See Exhibit Index. (Each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which any director or named executive officer of First American Financial Corporation, as defined by Item 402(a)(3) of Regulation S-K (17 C.F.R. §229.402(a)(3)), participates that is included among the exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index is identified on the Exhibit Index by an asterisk (*).)

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: October 22, 2015

 

 

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

 

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