Edgar Filing: GREENE COUNTY BANCORP INC

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2017

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OF 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT

GREENE COUNTY BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Commission file number 0-25165

United States		14-1809721
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

302 Main Street, Catskill, New York		12414
(Address of principal executive office)		(Zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (518) 943-2600

Check whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). YES ☒ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES ☐ NO ☒

As of February 14, 2018, the registrant had 8,513,614 shares of common stock outstanding at $ 0.10 par value per share.

	GREENE COUNTY BANCORP, INC.

	INDEX

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	* Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition	3
	* Consolidated Statements of Income	4
	* Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	* Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	6
	* Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	7
	* Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	8-29

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	30-44

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	44

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	44

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	45

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	45

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	45

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	45

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	45

Item 5.	Other Information	45

Item 6.	Exhibits	45

	Signatures	46
	Exhibit 31.1 302 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
	Exhibit 31.2 302 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
	Exhibit 32.1 906 Statement of Chief Executive Officer
	Exhibit 32.2 906 Statement of Chief Financial Officer
	Exhibit 101 Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

ASSETS	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	27,714		$	16,277

Long term certificate of deposit		1,895			2,145
Securities available-for-sale, at fair value		102,969			91,483
Securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $243,287at December 31, 2017; $228,452 at June 30, 2017)		239,140			223,830
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost		2,488			2,131

Loans		674,435			634,331
Allowance for loan losses		(11,352	)		(11,022	)
Unearned origination fees and costs, net		790			878
Net loans receivable		663,873			624,187

Premises and equipment		13,499			13,615
Accrued interest receivable		4,610			4,033
Foreclosed real estate		905			799
Prepaid expenses and other assets		3,717			3,791
Total assets	$	1,060,810		$	982,291

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	99,388		$	95,929
Interest-bearing deposits		821,363			763,606
Total deposits		920,751			859,535

Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank, short-term		20,300			6,900
Borrowings from Federal Home Loan Bank, long-term		20,150			22,650
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		10,036			9,685
Total liabilities		971,237			898,770

SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred stock, Authorized - 1,000,000 shares; Issued - None		-			-
Common stock, par value $.10 per share; Authorized - 12,000,000 shares; Issued – 8,611,340 shares;Outstanding - 8,506,614 shares at December 31, 2017, and 8,502,614 shares at June 30, 2017		861			861
Additional paid-in capital		11,000			10,990
Retained earnings		79,421			73,072
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,314	)		(992	)
Treasury stock, at cost 104,726 shares at December 31, 2017, and 108,726 shares at June 30, 2017		(395	)		(410	)
Total shareholders’ equity		89,573			83,521
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	1,060,810		$	982,291

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

	For the three months ended December 31,				For the six months ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest income:
Loans	$	7,287	$	6,382	$	14,346	$	12,435
Investment securities - taxable		163		146		328		296
Mortgage-backed securities		791		1,099		1,608		1,883
Investment securities - tax exempt		1,092		852		2,128		1,676
Interest-bearing deposits and federal funds sold		87		5		99		8
Total interest income		9,420		8,484		18,509		16,298

Interest expense:
Interest on deposits		867		648		1,676		1,254
Interest on borrowings		93		105		203		226
Total interest expense		960		753		1,879		1,480

Net interest income		8,460		7,731		16,630		14,818
Provision for loan losses		352		586		699		1,129
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		8,108		7,145		15,931		13,689

Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts		934		820		1,785		1,593
Debit card fees		591		510		1,157		1,001
Investment services		122		67		194		137
E-commerce fees		35		31		73		63
Other operating income		205		184		418		367
Total noninterest income		1,887		1,612		3,627		3,161

Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		3,110		2,787		6,037		5,455
Occupancy expense		355		339		711		719
Equipment and furniture expense		158		132		271		252
Service and data processing fees		540		499		1,027		947
Computer software, supplies and support		162		148		305		294
Advertising and promotion		112		85		167		208
FDIC insurance premiums		93		93		186		207
Legal and professional fees		229		220		460		418
Other		553		485		1,041		1,042
Total noninterest expense		5,312		4,788		10,205		9,542

Income before provision for income taxes		4,683		3,969		9,353		7,308
Provision for income taxes		1,043		1,043		2,241		1,875
Net income	$	3,640	$	2,926	$	7,112	$	5,433

Basic earnings per share	$	0.43	$	0.34	$	0.84	$	0.64
Basic average shares outstanding		8,504,168		8,491,929		8,503,451		8,487,554
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.43	$	0.34	$	0.83	$	0.64
Diluted average shares outstanding		8,533,126		8,509,316		8,532,274		8,503,913
Dividends per share	$	0.0975	$	0.0950	$	0.1950	$	0.1900

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	For the three months ended December 31,						For the six months ended December 31,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net Income	$	3,640		$	2,926		$	7,112		$	5,433
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities, net of income tax benefit of ($345) and ($430), for the three months, and ($200) and ($530), for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 respectively		(557	)		(693	)		(322	)		(834	)

Accretion of unrealized loss on securities transferred to held-to-maturity, net of income taxes of $- and $- for the three months, and $- and $1 for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively		-			1			-			1

Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes		(557	)		(692	)		(322	)		(833	)

Comprehensive income	$	3,083		$	2,234		$	6,790		$	4,600

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity

For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2016	$	861	$	10,872	$	63,805		$	(725	)	$	(512	)	$	74,301
Options exercised				67								102			169
Tax benefit of stock based compensation				51											51
Dividends declared						(742	)								(742	)
Net income						5,433									5,433
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes									(833	)					(833	)
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	861	$	10,990	$	68,496		$	(1,558	)	$	(410	)	$	78,379

	Common Stock		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Treasury Stock			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 2017	$	861	$	10,990	$	73,072		$	(992	)	$	(410	)	$	83,521
Options exercised				10								15			25
Dividends declared						(763	)								(763	)
Net income						7,112									7,112
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes									(322	)					(322	)
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	861	$	11,000	$	79,421		$	(1,314	)	$	(395	)	$	89,573

See notes to consolidated financial statements.

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

	2017			2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net Income	$	7,112		$	5,433
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation		318			319
Deferred income tax expense		(2,130	)		(2,196	)
Net amortization of premiums and discounts		385			443
Net amortization of deferred loan costs and fees		253			251
Provision for loan losses		699			1,129
(Gains) losses on sale of foreclosed real estate		(53	)		61
Excess tax benefit from share based compensation		-			(51	)
Net increase in accrued income taxes		3,376			2,438
Net increase in accrued interest receivable		(577	)		(179	)
Net increase in prepaid and other assets		(973	)		(291	)
Net increase (decrease) in other liabilities		351			(786	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		8,761			6,571

Cash flows from investing activities:
Securities available-for-sale:
Proceeds from maturities		30,543			37,123
Purchases of securities		(43,784	)		(29,683	)
Principal payments on securities		1,206			5,573
Securities held-to-maturity:
Proceeds from maturities		7,347			5,795
Purchases of securities		(31,015	)		(17,646	)
Principal payments on securities		8,001			5,397
Net purchase of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock		(357	)		(978	)
Maturity of long term certificate of deposit		250			65
Net increase in loans receivable		(40,729	)		(70,066	)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed real estate		38			94
Purchases of premises and equipment		(202	)		(71	)
Net cash used by investing activities		(68,702	)		(64,397	)

Cash flows from financing activities
Net increase in short-term advances		13,400			19,700
Proceeds from long-term FHLB advances		-			2,650
Repayment of long-term FHLB advances		(2,500	)		(500	)
Payment of cash dividends		(763	)		(742	)
Proceeds from issuance of stock options		25			169
Excess tax benefit from share based compensation		-			51
Net increase in deposits		61,216			36,178
Net cash provided by financing activities		71,378			57,506

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		11,437			(320	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		16,277			15,895
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	27,714		$	15,575

Non-cash investing activities:
Foreclosed loans transferred to foreclosed real estate	$	91		$	123
Cash paid during period for:
Interest	$	1,882		$	1,471
Income taxes	$	994		$	1,633

See notes to consolidated financial statements

Index

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At and for the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

(1)	Basis of Presentation

Within the accompanying unaudited consolidated statement of financial condition, and related notes to the consolidated financial statements, June 30, 2017 data was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Greene County Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and its wholly owned subsidiaries, The Bank of Greene County (the “Bank”) and Greene Risk Management, Inc., and the Bank’s wholly owned subsidiaries, Greene County Commercial Bank and Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. The consolidated financial statements at and for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 are unaudited.

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. To the extent that information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements are contained in or are consistent with the audited financial statements incorporated by reference to Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2017, such information and notes have not been duplicated herein. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring items) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations and cash flows at and for the periods presented have been included. Amounts in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications, if any, had no effect on net income or retained earnings as previously reported. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The results of operations and other data for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2018. These consolidated financial statements consider events that occurred through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s critical accounting policies relate to the allowance for loan losses and the evaluation of securities for other-than-temporary impairment. The allowance for loan losses is based on management’s estimation of an amount that is intended to absorb losses in the existing portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of all loans for which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical loan loss experience, management’s estimate of probable credit losses and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the allowance of loan losses. However, this evaluation involves a high degree of complexity and requires management to make subjective judgments that often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. This critical accounting policy and its application are periodically reviewed with the Audit Committee and the Board of Directors. There have been no significant changes in the application of this critical accounting policy during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017.

Securities are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment by performing periodic reviews of individual securities in the investment portfolio. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security, on which there is an unrealized loss, is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis. The Company considers many factors, including the severity and duration of the impairment; the intent and ability of the Company to hold the equity security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value; recent events specific to the issuer or industry; and for debt securities, the intent to sell the security, the likelihood to be required to sell the security before it recovers the entire amortized cost, external credit ratings and recent downgrades. The Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings, if it has the intent to sell, or will more likely than not be required to sell an impaired debt security before a recovery of its amortized cost basis. In addition, the Company is required to record other-than-temporary impairment charges through earnings for the amount of credit losses, regardless of the intent or requirement to sell. Credit loss is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired debt security’s cash flows and its amortized cost basis. Non-credit related write-downs to fair value must be recorded as decreases to accumulated other comprehensive income as long as the Company has no intent or requirement to sell an impaired security before a recovery of amortized cost basis.

(2)	Nature of Operations

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s primary business is the ownership and operation of its subsidiaries, The Bank of Greene County and Greene Risk Management, Inc. The Bank of Greene County has 14 full-service offices, an operations center and lending center located in its market area within the Hudson Valley Region of New York State. The Bank of Greene County is primarily engaged in the business of attracting deposits from the general public in The Bank of Greene County’s market area, and investing such deposits, together with other sources of funds, in loans and investment securities. Greene Risk Management, Inc. is a pooled captive insurance company, which provides additional insurance coverage for the Company and its subsidiaries related to the operations of the Company for which insurance may not be economically feasible. The Bank of Greene County also owns and operates two subsidiaries, Greene County Commercial Bank and Greene Property Holdings, Ltd. Greene County Commercial Bank’s primary business is to attract deposits from and provide banking services to local municipalities. Greene Property Holdings, Ltd.is a real estate investment trust, which holds mortgages and notes which were originated through and serviced by The Bank of Greene County.

Index

(3)	Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses and the assessment of other-than-temporary security impairment.

While management uses available information to recognize losses on loans, future additions to the allowance for loan losses (the “Allowance”) may be necessary, based on changes in economic conditions, asset quality or other factors. In addition, various regulatory authorities, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review the Allowance. Such authorities may require the Company to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments of information available to them at the time of their examination.

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. makes an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances to indicate that a security on which there is an unrealized loss is impaired on an other-than-temporary basis. The Company considers many factors including the severity and duration of the impairment; the intent and ability of the Company to hold the security for a period of time sufficient for a recovery in value; recent events specific to the issuer or industry; and for debt securities, intent to sell the security, whether it is more likely than not we will be required to sell the security before recovery, whether loss is expected, external credit ratings and recent downgrades. Securities on which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value through earnings.

(4)	Securities

Securities at December 31, 2017 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		EstimatedFair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	5,552	$	83	$	12	$	5,623
State and political subdivisions		71,627		97		4		71,720
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,098		41		43		4,096
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		19,899		303		131		20,071
Corporate debt securities		1,260		-		3		1,257
Total debt securities		102,436		524		193		102,767
Equity securities		62		140		-		202
Total securities available-for-sale		102,498		664		193		102,969
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		7,246		-		95		7,151
State and political subdivisions		127,725		3,967		205		131,487
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		7,479		184		-		7,663
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		94,183		664		399		94,448
Corporate debt securities		1,000		15		-		1,015
Other securities		1,507		19		3		1,523
Total securities held-to-maturity		239,140		4,849		702		243,287
Total securities	$	341,638	$	5,513	$	895	$	346,256

Index

Securities at June 30, 2017 consisted of the following:

(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	4,566	$	151	$	-	$	4,717
State and political subdivisions		57,885		227		-		58,112
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,868		72		27		4,913
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		20,344		483		62		20,765
Asset-backed securities		1		-		-		1
Corporate debt securities		2,765		29		3		2,791
Total debt securities		90,429		962		92		91,299
Equity securities		62		122		-		184
Total securities available-for-sale		90,491		1,084		92		91,483
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		6,000		-		53		5,947
State and political subdivisions		115,805		3,434		95		119,144
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		10,798		274		2		11,070
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		88,702		1,259		199		89,762
Corporate debt securities		1,000		-		5		995
Other securities		1,525		21		12		1,534
Total securities held-to-maturity		223,830		4,988		366		228,452
Total securities	$	314,321	$	6,072	$	458	$	319,935

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s current policies generally limit securities investments to U.S. Government and securities of government sponsored enterprises, federal funds sold, municipal bonds, corporate debt obligations and certain mutual funds. In addition, the Company’s policies permit investments in mortgage-backed securities, including securities issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and GNMA, and collateralized mortgage obligations issued by these entities. At December 31, 2017, all mortgage-backed securities including collateralized mortgage obligations were securities of government sponsored enterprises, no private-label mortgage-backed securities or collateralized mortgage obligations were held in the securities portfolio. The Company’s investments in state and political subdivisions securities generally are municipal obligations that are general obligations supported by the general taxing authority of the issuer, and in some cases are insured. The obligations issued by school districts are supported by state aid. Primarily, these investments are issued by municipalities within New York State.

The following table shows fair value and gross unrealized losses, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at December 31, 2017.

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	985	$	12		1	$	-	$	-		-	$	985	$	12		1
State and political subdivisions		2,122		4		3		-		-		-		2,122		4		3
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		1,051		43		1		-		-		-		1,051		43		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		8,129		131		5		-		-		-		8,129		131		5
Corporate debt securities		-		-		-		757		3		2		757		3		2
Total securities available-for-sale		12,287		190		10		757		3		2		13,044		193		12
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		5,181		64		1		1,969		31		1		7,150		95		2
State and political subdivisions		18,840		142		116		3,892		63		35		22,732		205		151
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		44,450		388		26		1,424		11		2		45,874		399		28
Other securities		591		3		1		-		-		-		591		3		1
Total securities held-to-maturity		69,062		597		144		7,285		105		38		76,347		702		182
Total securities	$	81,349	$	787		154	$	8,042	$	108		40	$	89,391	$	895		194

Index

	Less Than 12 Months						More Than 12 Months						Total
(In thousands, except number of securities)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Number of Securities
Securities available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities-residential	$	1,164	$	27		1	$	-	$	-		-	$	1,164	$	27		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		6,488		62		4		-		-		-		6,488		62		4
Corporate debt securities		760		3		2		-		-		-		760		3		2
Total securities available for sale		8,412		92		7		-		-		-		8,412		92		7
Securities held to maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		5,947		53		2		-		-		-		5,947		53		2
State and political subdivisions		8,976		76		64		514		19		6		9,490		95		70
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		1,864		2		1		-		-		-		1,864		2		1
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		23,823		199		15		-		-		-		23,823		199		15
Corporate debt securities		995		5		1		-		-		-		995		5		1
Other securities		467		11		1		74		1		1		541		12		2
Total securities held to maturity		42,072		346		84		588		20		7		42,660		366		91
Total securities	$	50,484	$	438		91	$	588	$	20		7	$	51,072	$	458		98

When the fair value of a held-to-maturity or available-for-sale security is less than its amortized cost basis, an assessment is made as to whether other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is present. The Company considers numerous factors when determining whether a potential OTTI exists and the period over which the debt security is expected to recover. The principal factors considered are (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis, (2) the financial condition of the issuer (and guarantor, if any) and adverse conditions specifically related to the security, industry or geographic area, (3) failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest or principal payments, (4) any changes to the rating of the security by a rating agency, and (5) the presence of credit enhancements, if any, including the guarantee of the federal government or any of its agencies.

For debt securities, OTTI is considered to have occurred if (1) the Company intends to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, (2) it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, or (3) if the present value of expected cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis. In determining the present value of expected cash flows, the Company discounts the expected cash flows at the effective interest rate implicit in the security at the date of acquisition. In estimating cash flows expected to be collected, the Company uses available information with respect to security prepayment speeds, default rates and severity. In determining whether OTTI has occurred for equity securities, the Company considers the applicable factors described above and the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

For debt securities, credit-related OTTI is recognized in earnings while noncredit related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in other comprehensive income/loss (“OCI”). Credit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the present value of an impaired security’s expected cash flows and its amortized cost basis. Noncredit-related OTTI is measured as the difference between the fair value of the security and its amortized cost less any credit-related losses recognized. For securities classified as held-to-maturity, the amount of OTTI recognized in OCI is accreted to the credit-adjusted expected cash flow amounts of the securities over future periods. For equity securities, the entire amount of OTTI is recognized in earnings. Management evaluated securities considering the factors as outlined above, and based on this evaluation the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2017. Management believes that the reasons for the decline in fair value are due to interest rates, widening credit spreads and market illiquidity at the reporting date. Also, a decline in the fair value of tax-exempt securities is due to a decrease in the maximum Federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, resulting in a lower yield to be realized on these securities on a fully-taxable equivalent basis.

There were no transfers of securities available-for-sale to held-to-maturity during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. During the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were no sales of securities and no gains or losses were recognized. There was no other-than-temporary impairment loss recognized during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Index

The estimated fair values of debt securities at December 31, 2017, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

(In thousands)

Available-for-sale debt securities	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Within one year	$	72,628	$	72,719
After one year through five years		4,814		4,896
After five years through ten years		997		985
After ten years		-		-
Total available-for-sale debt securities		78,439		78,600
Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities		23,997		24,167
Equity securities		62		202
Total available-for-sale securities		102,498		102,969

Held-to-maturity debt securities
Within one year		18,927		19,112
After one year through five years		62,551		63,626
After five years through ten years		41,479		42,685
After ten years		14,521		15,753
Total held-to-maturity debt securities		137,478		141,176
Mortgage-backed		101,662		102,111
Total held-to-maturity securities		239,140		243,287
Total securities	$	341,638	$	346,256

At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, securities with an aggregate fair value of $334.2 million and $305.7 million were pledged as collateral for deposits in excess of FDIC insurance limits for various municipalities placing deposits with Greene County Commercial Bank. At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, securities with an aggregate fair value of $1.3 million and $2.8 million, respectively, were pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. did not participate in any securities lending programs during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system to hold stock of its district FHLB according to a predetermined formula. This stock is restricted in that it can only be sold to the FHLB or to another member institution, and all sales of FHLB stock must be at par. As a result of these restrictions, FHLB stock is carried at cost. FHLB stock is held as a long-term investment and its value is determined based on the ultimate recoverability of the par value. Impairment of this investment is evaluated quarterly and is a matter of judgment that reflects management’s view of the FHLB’s long-term performance, which includes factors such as the following: its operating performance; the severity and duration of declines in the fair value of its net assets related to its capital stock amount; its commitment to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to its operating performance; the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on the FHLB, and accordingly, on the members of the FHLB; and its liquidity and funding position. After evaluating these considerations, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. concluded that the par value of its investment in FHLB stock will be recovered and, therefore, no other-than-temporary impairment charge was recorded during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 or 2016.

Index

(5)	Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loan segments and classes at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 are summarized as follows:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017
Residential real estate:
Residential real estate	$	252,015		$	245,331
Residential construction and land		7,391			7,160
Multi-family		13,707			9,199
Commercial real estate:
Commercial real estate		272,253			257,964
Commercial construction		24,901			28,430
Consumer loan:
Home equity		21,090			21,076
Consumer installment		4,925			4,790
Commercial loans		78,153			60,381
Total gross loans		674,435			634,331
Allowance for loan losses		(11,352	)		(11,022	)
Deferred fees and costs		790			878
Loans receivable, net	$	663,873		$	624,187

Management closely monitors the quality of the loan portfolio and has established a loan review process designed to help grade the quality and profitability of the Company’s loan portfolio. The credit quality grade helps management make a consistent assessment of each loan relationship’s credit risk. Consistent with regulatory guidelines, The Bank of Greene County provides for the classification of loans considered being of lesser quality. Such ratings coincide with the “Substandard,” “Doubtful” and “Loss” classifications used by federal regulators in their examination of financial institutions. Generally, an asset is considered Substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligors and/or the collateral pledged. Substandard assets include those characterized by the distinct possibility that the insured financial institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in assets classified Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, highly questionable and improbable. Assets classified as Loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a full loss reserve and/or charge-off is not warranted. Assets that do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but otherwise possess weaknesses are designated “Special Mention.” Management also maintains a listing of loans designated “Watch.” These loans represent borrowers with declining earnings, strained cash flow, increasing leverage and/or weakening market fundamentals that indicate above average risk.

When The Bank of Greene County classifies problem assets as either Substandard or Doubtful, it generally establishes a specific valuation allowance or “loss reserve” in an amount deemed prudent by management. General allowances represent loss allowances that have been established to recognize the inherent risk associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular loans. When The Bank of Greene County identifies problem loans as being impaired, it is required to evaluate whether the Bank will be able to collect all amounts due either through repayments or the liquidation of the underlying collateral. If it is determined that impairment exists, the Bank is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to the amount of impairment of the assets, or to charge-off such amount. The Bank of Greene County’s determination as to the classification of its loans and the amount of its valuation allowance is subject to review by its regulatory agencies, which can order the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances. The Bank of Greene County reviews its portfolio monthly to determine whether any assets require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.

The Bank primarily has four segments within its loan portfolio that it considers when measuring credit quality: residential real estate loans, commercial real estate loans, consumer loans and commercial loans. The residential real estate portfolio consists of residential, construction, and multi-family loan classes. Commercial real estate loans consist of commercial real estate and commercial construction loan classes. Consumer loans consist of home equity loan and consumer installment loan classes. The inherent risk within the loan portfolio varies depending upon each of these loan types.

The Bank of Greene County’s primary lending activity is the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, which are collateralized by residences. Generally, residential mortgage loans are made in amounts up to 89.9% of the appraised value of the property. However, The Bank of Greene County will originate residential mortgage loans with loan-to-value ratios of up to 95.0%, with private mortgage insurance. In the event of default by the borrower, The Bank of Greene County will acquire and liquidate the underlying collateral. By originating the loan at a loan-to-value ratio of 89.9% or less or obtaining private mortgage insurance, The Bank of Greene County limits its risk of loss in the event of default. However, the market values of the collateral may be adversely impacted by declines in the economy. Home equity loans may have an additional inherent risk if The Bank of Greene County does not hold the first mortgage. The Bank of Greene County may stand in a secondary position in the event of collateral liquidation resulting in a greater chance of insufficiency to meet all obligations.

Index

Construction lending generally involves a greater degree of risk than other residential mortgage lending. The repayment of the construction loan is, to a great degree, dependent upon the successful and timely completion of the construction of the subject property within specified cost limits. The Bank of Greene County completes inspections during the construction phase prior to any disbursements. The Bank of Greene County limits its risk during the construction as disbursements are not made until the required work for each advance has been completed. Construction delays may further impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan.

Loans collateralized by commercial real estate, and multi-family dwellings, such as apartment buildings generally are larger than residential loans and involve a greater degree of risk. Commercial real estate loans often involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers. Payments on these loans depend to a large degree on the results of operations and management of the properties or underlying businesses, and may be affected to a greater extent by adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy in general. Accordingly, the nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult for management to monitor and evaluate.

Consumer loans generally have shorter terms and higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans. In addition, consumer loans expand the products and services offered by The Bank of Greene County to better meet the financial services needs of its customers. Consumer loans generally involve greater credit risk than residential mortgage loans because of the difference in the nature of the underlying collateral. Repossessed collateral for a defaulted consumer loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance because of the greater likelihood of damage, loss or depreciation in the underlying collateral. The remaining deficiency often does not warrant further substantial collection efforts against the borrower beyond obtaining a deficiency judgment. In addition, consumer loan collections depend on the borrower’s personal financial stability. Furthermore, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount that can be recovered on such loans.

Commercial lending generally involves greater risk than residential mortgage lending and involves risks that are different from those associated with residential and commercial real estate mortgage lending. Real estate lending is generally considered to be collateral-based, with loan amounts based on fixed loan-to-collateral values, and liquidation of the underlying real estate collateral is viewed as the primary source of repayment in the event of borrower default. Although commercial loans may be collateralized by equipment or other business assets, the liquidation of collateral in the event of a borrower default is often an insufficient source of repayment because equipment and other business assets may be obsolete or of limited use, among other things. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment.

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at December 31, 2017 are shown below.

(In thousands)	Performing		Watch		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	248,721	$	930	$	90	$	2,274	$	252,015
Residential construction and land		7,391		-		-		-		7,391
Multi-family		12,866		-		756		85		13,707
Commercial real estate		260,337		-		10,217		1,699		272,253
Commercial construction		24,725		-		-		176		24,901
Home equity		20,433		-		-		657		21,090
Consumer installment		4,915		-		-		10		4,925
Commercial loans		77,042		16		242		853		78,153
Total gross loans	$	656,430	$	946	$	11,305	$	5,754	$	674,435

Index

Loan balances by internal credit quality indicator at June 30, 2017 are shown below.

(In thousands)	Performing		Watch		Special Mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	242,592	$	813	$	91	$	1,835	$	245,331
Residential construction and land		7,160		-		-		-		7,160
Multi-family		9,110		-		-		89		9,199
Commercial real estate		255,090		419		404		2,051		257,964
Commercial construction		28,254		-		-		176		28,430
Home equity		20,858		-		-		218		21,076
Consumer installment		4,770		10		-		10		4,790
Commercial loans		59,030		-		60		1,291		60,381
Total gross loans	$	626,864	$	1,242	$	555	$	5,670	$	634,331

The Company had no loans classified doubtful or loss at December 31, 2017 or June 30, 2017. The $10.8 million increase in loans designated as special mention at December 31, 2017 compared to June 30, 2017 represented loans which, based on updated annual review, indicated weaknesses in borrowers’ cash flow, warranting management’s closer monitoring. At December 31, 2017, all of these loans were performing and management believes that the identified weaknesses do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant a classification of substandard.

Nonaccrual Loans

Management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent. A nonaccrual loan is defined as a loan in which collectability is questionable and therefore interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. A loan is not placed back on accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability and willingness to make timely payments on the loan. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonaccrual. Nonaccrual loans consisted primarily of loans secured by real estate at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.7 million at December 31, 2017 of which $1.9 million were in the process of foreclosure. At December 31, 2017, there were thirteen residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.3 million. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.7 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at December 31, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $66,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at June 30, 2017 of which $1.6 million were in the process of foreclosure. At June 30, 2017, there were twelve residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $967,000. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due.

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2017:

(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Loans on Non- accrual
Residential real estate	$	2,592	$	794	$	1,187	$	4,573	$	247,442	$	252,015	$	1,752
Residential construction and land		-		-		-		-		7,391		7,391		-
Multi-family		-		-		-		-		13,707		13,707		-
Commercial real estate		1,216		806		391		2,413		269,840		272,253		1,108
Commercial construction		-		-		176		176		24,725		24,901		176
Home equity		94		119		214		427		20,663		21,090		333
Consumer installment		104		-		10		114		4,811		4,925		10
Commercial loans		380		118		-		498		77,655		78,153		284
Total gross loans	$	4,386	$	1,837	$	1,978	$	8,201	$	666,234	$	674,435	$	3,663

Index

The following table sets forth information regarding delinquent and/or nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2017:

(In thousands)	30-59 days past due		60-89 days past due		90 days or more past due		Total past due		Current		Total Loans		Loans on Non- accrual
Residential real estate	$	2,088	$	515	$	935	$	3,538	$	241,793	$	245,331	$	1,240
Residential construction and land		-		-		-		-		7,160		7,160		-
Multi-family		-		-		-		-		9,199		9,199		-
Commercial real estate		74		1,070		540		1,684		256,280		257,964		1,452
Commercial construction		-		176		-		176		28,254		28,430		176
Home equity		220		186		33		439		20,637		21,076		218
Consumer installment		22		10		10		42		4,748		4,790		10
Commercial loans		18		186		202		406		59,975		60,381		476
Total gross loans	$	2,422	$	2,143	$	1,720	$	6,285	$	628,046	$	634,331	$	3,572

The Bank of Greene County had accruing loans delinquent more than 90 days totaling $0 and $69,000 at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The loans delinquent more than 90 days and accruing consist of loans that are well collateralized and the borrowers have demonstrated the ability and willingness to pay. The borrower has made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loan current within a specified time period and has made a series of payments as agreed.

The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended December 31:

	For the three months ended December 31,				For the six months ended December 31
(In thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms	$	59	$	56	$	137	$	136
Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans		31		26		65		54

Impaired Loan Analysis

The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment.” Management may consider a loan impaired once it is classified as nonaccrual and when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. It should be noted that management does not evaluate all loans individually for impairment. Generally, The Bank of Greene County considers residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loan experience and other factors. In contrast, large commercial mortgage, construction, multi-family, business loans and select larger balance residential mortgage loans are reviewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The majority of The Bank of Greene County loans, including most nonaccrual loans, are small homogenous loan types adequately supported by collateral. Management considers the payment status of loans in the process of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses among other factors. Based on this evaluation, a delinquent loan’s risk rating may be downgraded to either pass-watch, special mention, or substandard, and the allocation of the allowance for loan loss is based upon the risk associated with such designation. Loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring are included in impaired loans. The measurement of impairment is generally based on the discounted cash flows based on the original rate of the loan before the restructuring, unless it is determined that the restructured loan is collateral dependent. If the restructured loan is deemed to be collateral dependent, impairment is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Index

The tables below detail additional information on impaired loans at the date or periods indicated:

	As of December 31, 2017						For the three months ended December 31, 2017				For the six months ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial real estate	$	801	$	801	$	-	$	803	$	7	$	805	$	15
Home equity		181		181		-		181		-		182		-
Commercial loans		359		359		-		361		-		303		-
Impaired loans with no allowance		1,341		1,341		-		1,345		7		1,290		15

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate		1,819		1,819		348		1,668		15		1,602		26
Commercial real estate		413		413		101		418		-		424		-
Commercial construction		176		176		22		176		-		176		-
Home equity		324		324		62		324		5		324		8
Impaired loans with allowance		2,732		2,732		533		2,586		20		2,526		34

Total impaired:
Residential real estate		1,819		1,819		348		1,668		15		1,602		26
Commercial real estate		1,214		1,214		101		1,221		7		1,229		15
Commercial construction		176		176		22		176		-		176		-
Home equity		505		505		62		505		5		506		8
Commercial loans		359		359		-		361		-		303		-
Total impaired loans	$	4,073	$	4,073	$	533	$	3,931	$	27	$	3,816	$	49

	As of June 30, 2017						For the three months ended December 31, 2016				For the six months ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	266	$	-	$	266	$	-
Commercial real estate		809		809		-		821		4		921		14
Home equity		186		186		-		2		-		4		-
Commercial loans		186		186		-		65		1		33		1
Impaired loans with no allowance		1,181		1,181		-		1,154		5		1,224		15

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate		1,455		1,455		278		1,238		12		1,241		24
Commercial real estate		440		440		135		749		7		576		11
Commercial construction		176		176		23		-		-		-		-
Commercial loans		-		-		-		81		-		82		2
Impaired loans with allowance		2,071		2,071		436		2,068		19		1,899		37

Total impaired:
Residential real estate		1,455		1,455		278		1,504		12		1,507		24
Commercial real estate		1,249		1,249		135		1,570		11		1,497		25
Commercial construction		176		176		23		-		-		-		-
Home equity		186		186		-		2		-		4		-
Commercial loans		186		186		-		146		1		115		3
Total impaired loans	$	3,252	$	3,252	$	436	$	3,222	$	24	$	3,123	$	52

Index

The table below details loans that have been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the periods indicated.

(Dollars in thousands)	Number of Contracts		Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Current outstanding Recorded Investment
For the six months ended December 31, 2017
Home equity		1	$	325	$	325	$	324

For the six months ended December 31, 2016	None			-		-		-

There were no loans modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. During the six months ended December 31, 2017, a home equity loan was modified to extend the term of the loan thereby reducing the monthly payments for the borrower.

There were no loans that had been modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the twelve months prior to June 30, 2017 or 2016 which have subsequently defaulted during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 or 2016, respectively.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for the loan loss allowance. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans, commercial loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential, commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for credit losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated.

The following tables set forth the activity and allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category during and at the periods indicated. The allowance is allocated to each loan category based on historical loss experience and economic conditions.

	Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Balance at September 30, 2017		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at December 31, 2017
Residential real estate	$	2,076	$	27	$	-	$	50		$	2,099
Residential construction and land		93		-		-		(7	)		86
Multi-family		76		-		-		19			95
Commercial real estate		5,759		-		-		145			5,904
Commercial construction		750		-		-		(147	)		603
Home equity		315		-		-		(3	)		312
Consumer installment		203		89		18		120			252
Commercial loans		1,748		-		-		253			2,001
Unallocated		78		-		-		(78	)		-
Total	$	11,098	$	116	$	18	$	352		$	11,352

Index

	Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017
(In thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2017		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at December 31, 2017
Residential real estate	$	2,289	$	71	$	-	$	(119	)	$	2,099
Residential construction and land		89		-		-		(3	)		86
Multi-family		43		-		-		52			95
Commercial real estate		5,589		-		-		315			5,904
Commercial construction		687		-		-		(84	)		603
Home equity		234		-		-		78			312
Consumer installment		231		177		36		162			252
Commercial loans		1,680		157		-		478			2,001
Unallocated		180		-		-		(180	)		-
Total	$	11,022	$	405	$	36	$	699		$	11,352

	Allowance for Loan Losses				Loans Receivable
	Ending Balance At December 31, 2017 Impairment Analysis				Ending Balance At December 31, 2017 Impairment Analysis
(In thousands)	Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated		Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated
Residential real estate	$	348	$	1,751	$	1,819	$	250,196
Residential construction and land		-		86		-		7,391
Multi-family		-		95		-		13,707
Commercial real estate		101		5,803		1,214		271,039
Commercial construction		22		581		176		24,725
Home equity		62		250		505		20,585
Consumer installment		-		252		-		4,925
Commercial loans		-		2,001		359		77,794
Unallocated		-		-		-		-
Total	$	533	$	10,819	$	4,073	$	670,362

	Activity for the three months ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands)	Balance at September 30, 2016		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at December 31, 2016
Residential real estate	$	2,242	$	90	$	-	$	82		$	2,234
Residential construction and land		63		-		-		-			63
Multi-family		18		-		-		-			18
Commercial real estate		4,981		-		-		384			5,365
Commercial construction		628		-		-		(25	)		603
Home equity		251		-		-		6			257
Consumer installment		168		69		18		107			224
Commercial loans		1,492		-		-		21			1,513
Unallocated		133		-		-		11			144
Total	$	9,976	$	159	$	18	$	586		$	10,421

Index

	Activity for the six months ended December 31, 2016
(In thousands)	Balance at June 30, 2016		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Provision			Balance at December 31, 2016
Residential real estate	$	2,396	$	90	$	-	$	(72	)	$	2,234
Residential construction and land		75		-		-		(12	)		63
Multi-family		22		-		-		(4	)		18
Commercial real estate		4,541		-		-		824			5,365
Commercial construction		502		-		-		101			603
Home equity		309		-		-		(52	)		257
Consumer installment		228		141		35		102			224
Commercial loans		1,412		-		3		98			1,513
Unallocated		-		-		-		144			144
Total	$	9,485	$	231	$	38	$	1,129		$	10,421

	Allowance for Loan Losses				Loans Receivable
	Ending Balance At June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis				Ending Balance At June 30, 2017 Impairment Analysis
(In thousands)	Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated		Individually Evaluated		Collectively Evaluated
Residential real estate	$	278	$	2,011	$	1,455	$	243,876
Residential construction and land		-		89		-		7,160
Multi-family		-		43		-		9,199
Commercial real estate		135		5,454		1,249		256,715
Commercial construction		23		664		176		28,254
Home equity		-		234		186		20,890
Consumer installment		-		231		-		4,790
Commercial loans		-		1,680		186		60,195
Unallocated		-		180		-		-
Total	$	436	$	10,586	$	3,252	$	631,079

Foreclosed real estate (FRE)

FRE consists of properties acquired through mortgage loan foreclosure proceedings or in full or partial satisfaction of loans. The following table sets forth information regarding FRE at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017:

(in thousands)	December 31, 2017		June 30, 2017
Residential real estate	$	79	$	-
Commercial real estate		826		799
Total foreclosed real estate	$	905	$	799

(6)	Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sale transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported at each period-end.

The following information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the entire Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of the Company’s assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between the Company’s disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

Index

The FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” established a fair value hierarchy that prioritized the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported with little or no market activity).

An asset’s or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used are as follows:

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In thousands)	December 31, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	5,623	$	-	$	5,623	$	-
State and political subdivisions		71,720		-		71,720		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,096		-		4,096		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		20,071		-		20,071		-
Corporate debt securities		1,257		1,257		-		-
Equity securities		202		202		-		-
Securities available-for-sale	$	102,969	$	1,459	$	101,510	$	-

			Fair Value Measurements Using
			Quoted Prices In Active Markets For Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
(In thousands)	June 30, 2017		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets:
U.S. Government sponsored enterprises	$	4,717	$	-	$	4,717	$	-
State and political subdivisions		58,112		-		58,112		-
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,913		-		4,913		-
Mortgage-backed securities-multi-family		20,765		-		20,765		-
Asset-backed securities		1		1		-		-
Corporate debt securities		2,791		2,791		-		-
Equity securities		184		184		-		-
Securities available-for-sale	$	91,483	$	2,976	$	88,507	$	-

Certain investments that are actively traded and have quoted market prices have been classified as Level 1 valuations. Other available-for-sale investment securities have been valued by reference to prices for similar securities or through model-based techniques in which all significant inputs are observable and, therefore, such valuations have been classified as Level 2.

In addition to disclosures of the fair value of assets on a recurring basis, FASB ASC Topic on “Fair Value Measurement” requires disclosures for assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired assets, in the period in which a re-measurement at fair value is performed. Loans are generally not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Periodically, the Company records nonrecurring adjustments to the carrying value of loans based on fair value measurements for partial charge-offs of the uncollectible portions of those loans. Nonrecurring adjustments also include certain impairment amounts for collateral-dependent loans calculated as required by the “Receivables –Loan Impairment” subtopic of the FASB ASC when establishing the allowance for credit losses. Impaired loans are those loans in which the Company has measured impairment based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral or the discounted value of expected future cash flows. Fair value is generally determined based upon market value evaluations by third parties of the properties and/or estimates by management of working capital collateral or discounted cash flows based upon expected proceeds. These appraisals may include up to three approaches to value: the sales comparison approach, the income approach (for income-producing property), and the cost approach. Management modifies the appraised values, if needed, to take into account recent developments in the market or other factors, such as, changes in absorption rates or market conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition. Such modifications to the appraised values could result in lower valuations of such collateral. Estimated costs to sell are based on current amounts of disposal costs for similar assets. These measurements are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy. Impaired loans are subject to nonrecurring fair value adjustment upon initial recognition or subsequent impairment. A portion of the allowance for loan losses is allocated to impaired loans if the value of such loans is deemed to be less than the unpaid balance.

Index

Fair values for foreclosed real estate are initially recorded based on market value evaluations by third parties, less costs to sell (“initial cost basis”). Any write-downs required when the related loan receivable is exchanged for the underlying real estate collateral at the time of transfer to foreclosed real estate are charged to the allowance for loan losses. Values are derived from appraisals, similar to impaired loans, of underlying collateral or discounted cash flow analysis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are updated periodically and assets are marked to current fair value, not to exceed the initial cost basis. In the determination of fair value subsequent to foreclosure, management also considers other factors or recent developments, such as, changes in absorption rates and market conditions from the time of valuation and anticipated sales values considering management’s plans for disposition. Either change could result in adjustment to lower the property value estimates indicated in the appraisals. These measurements are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy.

							Fair Value Measurements Using
(In thousands)	Recorded Investment		Related Allowance		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
December 31, 2017
Impaired loans	$	2,377	$	533	$	1,844	$	-	$	-	$	1,844
Foreclosed real estate		905		-		905		-		-		905

June 30, 2017
Impaired loans	$	1,822	$	436	$	1,386	$	-	$	-	$	1,386
Foreclosed real estate		799		-		799		-		-		799

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which Level 3 inputs were utilized to determine fair value:

(Dollars in thousands)	Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
December 31, 2017
Impaired Loans	$	1,308	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		26.58%-31.86	%		28.35	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾		4.09%-7.26	%		5.10	%
		536	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate		4.19%-6.63	%		5.36	%
Foreclosed real estate		905	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		0.00%-0.00	%		0.00	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾		7.68%-11.53	%%		8.36	%
June 30, 2017
Impaired loans	$	845	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		25.00%-42.52	%		28.46	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾		3.45%-7.38	%		5.93	%
		541	Discounted cash flow	Discount rate		4.19%-6.63	%		5.36	%
Foreclosed real estate		799	Appraisal of collateral⁽¹⁾	Appraisal adjustments⁽²⁾		0.00%-0.00	%		0.00	%
				Liquidation expenses⁽³⁾		11.64%-17.92	%		16.29	%

⁽¹⁾

Fair value is generally determined through independent third-party appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally includes various Level 3 inputs which are not observable.

⁽²⁾

Appraisals may be adjusted downwards by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions. Higher downward adjustments are caused by negative changes to the collateral or conditions in the real estate market, actual offers or sales contracts received or age of the appraisal.

⁽³⁾

Appraisals are adjusted downwards by management for qualitative factors such as the estimated costs to liquidate the collateral.

The carrying amounts reported in the statements of financial condition for cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximate their fair values. Fair values of securities are based on quoted market prices (Level 1), where available, or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique, used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value due to its restricted nature. Fair values for variable rate loans that reprice frequently, with no significant credit risk, are based on carrying value. Fair value for fixed rate loans are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered for loans with similar terms to borrowers of similar credit quality. Fair values disclosed for demand and savings deposits are equal to carrying amounts at the reporting date. The carrying amounts for variable rate money market deposits approximate fair values at the reporting date. Fair values for fixed rate certificates of deposit are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered in the market on similar certificates. Fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank long term borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flows and interest rates currently being offered on similar borrowings. The carrying value of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings approximates its fair value.

Index

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated based on an analysis of the interest rates and fees currently charged to enter into similar transactions, considering the remaining terms of the commitments and the credit-worthiness of the potential borrowers. At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, the estimated fair values of these off-balance sheet financial instruments were immaterial, and are therefore excluded from the table below.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair value of financial instruments are as follows:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2017				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	27,714	$	27,714	$	27,714	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		1,895		1,895		1,895		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		102,969		102,969		1,459		101,510		-
Securities held-to-maturity		239,140		243,287		-		243,287		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		2,488		2,488		-		2,488		-
Net loans		663,873		666,189		-		-		666,189
Accrued interest receivable		4,610		4,610		-		4,610		-
Deposits		920,751		920,896		-		920,896		-
Borrowings		40,450		40,181		-		40,181		-
Accrued interest payable		89		89		-		89		-

(In thousands)	June 30, 2017				Fair Value Measurements Using
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,277	$	16,277	$	16,277	$	-	$	-
Long term certificate of deposit		2,145		2,145		2,145		-		-
Securities available-for-sale		91,483		91,483		2,976		88,507		-
Securities held-to-maturity		223,830		228,452		-		228,452		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		2,131		2,131		-		2,131		-
Net loans		624,187		629,690		-		-		629,690
Accrued interest receivable		4,033		4,033		-		4,033		-
Deposits		859,535		859,715		-		859,715		-
Borrowings		29,550		29,411		-		29,411		-
Accrued interest payable		92		92		-		92		-

Index

(7)	Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed in a manner similar to that of basic earnings per share except that the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding is increased to include the number of incremental common shares that would have been outstanding under the treasury stock method if all potentially dilutive common shares (such as stock options) issued became vested during the period. There were no anti-dilutive securities or contracts outstanding during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

	For the three months ended December 31,				For the six months ended December 31,
	2017		2016		2017		2016

Net Income	$	3,640,000	$	2,926,000	$	7,112,000	$	5,433,000
Weighted Average Shares – Basic		8,504,168		8,491,929		8,503,451		8,487,554
Effect of Dilutive Stock Options		28,958		17,387		28,823		16,359
Weighted Average Shares - Dilute		8,533,126		8,509,316		8,532,274		8,503,913

Earnings per share - Basic	$	0.43	$	0.34	$	0.84	$	0.64
Earnings per share - Diluted	$	0.43	$	0.34	$	0.83	$	0.64

(8)

Dividends

On October 17, 2017, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 of $0.0975 per share on Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock. The dividend reflects an annual cash dividend rate of $0.39 per share, which was the same rate as the dividend declared during the previous quarter. The dividend was payable to stockholders of record as of November 15, 2017, and was paid on November 30, 2017. The MHC waived its right to receive dividends declared on its shares of the Company’s common stock for the quarter ended September 30, 2017.

(9)	Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued an Accounting Standard Update (“ASU) (ASU 2014-09) to amend its guidance on “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The objective of the ASU is to align the recognition of revenue with the transfer of promised goods or services provided to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP when it becomes effective. In August 2015, the FASB issued an amendment (ASU 2015-14) which defers the effective date of this new guidance by one year. More detailed implementation guidance on Topic 606 was issued in March 2016 (ASU 2016-08), April 2016 (ASU 2016-10), May 2016 (ASU 2016-12), December 2016 (ASU 2016-20), February 2017 (ASU 2017-05), and September 2017 (ASU-2017-13) and the effective date and transition requirements for these ASUs are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09. The amendments in ASU 2014-09 are effective for public business entities for annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company expects to adopt the revenue recognition guidance beginning July 1, 2018. A significant amount of the Company’s revenues are derived from net interest income on financial assets and liabilities, which are excluded from the scope of the amended guidance. With respect to noninterest income, the Company has identified revenue streams within the scope of the guidance and is in the final stages of its accounting analysis of the underlying contracts. The Company does not presently expect that changes in the timing of revenue recognition will be material to the amount of annual revenue recognized by the Company.

In August 2014, the FASB issued an amendment (ASU 2014-14) to its guidance on “Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors (Subtopic 310-40)”. The objective of the ASU is to reduce the diversity in how creditors classify government-guaranteed mortgage loans, including FHA or VA guaranteed loans, upon foreclosure, to provide more decision-useful information about a creditor’s foreclosed mortgage loans that are expected to be recovered, at least in part, through government guarantees. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for annual periods, and interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Public entities would be permitted to elect to early adopt for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

Index

In January 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-01) to its guidance on “Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10)”. This amendment addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. These amendments require equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value to be recognized through net income. The amendments also simplify the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values by requiring assessment for impairment qualitatively at each reporting period. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the amendments in this Update is not permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In February 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-02) to its guidance on “Leases (Topic 842)”. The new leases standard applies a right-of-use (ROU) model that requires a lessee to record, for all leases with a lease term of more than 12 months, an asset representing its right to use the underlying asset and a liability to make lease payments. For leases with a term of 12 months or less, a practical expedient is available whereby a lessee may elect, by class of underlying asset, not to recognize an ROU asset or lease liability. The new leases standard requires a lessor to classify leases as either sales-type, direct financing or operating, similar to existing U.S. GAAP. Classification depends on the same five criteria used by lessees plus certain additional factors. The subsequent accounting treatment for all three lease types is substantially equivalent to existing U.S. GAAP for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases. However, the new standard updates certain aspects of the lessor accounting model to align it with the new lessee accounting model, as well as with the new revenue standard under Topic 606. Lessees and lessors are required to provide certain qualitative and quantitative disclosures to enable users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this ASU will result in a gross up of the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition for right-of-use assets and associated lease liabilities for operating leases in which the Company is the lessee. The Company is evaluating the significance and other effects of adoption on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations. Branch building leases have been reviewed and are considered immaterial to the financial statements; there are no equipment leases to consider.

In March 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-09) to its guidance on “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting”. This amendment is intended to simplify the accounting for stock compensation. The areas for simplification in this Update involve several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In June 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-13) to its guidance on “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments”. ASU 2016-13 requires credit losses on most financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments to be measured using an expected credit loss model (referred to as the current expected credit loss (CECL) model). Under this model, entities will estimate credit losses over the entire contractual term of the instrument (considering estimated prepayments, but not expected extensions or modifications unless reasonable expectation of a troubled debt restructuring exists) from the date of initial recognition of that instrument. The ASU also replaces the current accounting model for purchased credit impaired loans and debt securities. The allowance for credit losses for purchased financial assets with a more-than insignificant amount of credit deterioration since origination (“PCD assets”), should be determined in a similar manner to other financial assets measured on an amortized cost basis. However, upon initial recognition, the allowance for credit losses is added to the purchase price (“gross up approach”) to determine the initial amortized cost basis. The subsequent accounting for PCD financial assets is the same expected loss model described above. Further, the ASU made certain targeted amendments to the existing impairment model for available-for-sale (AFS) debt securities. For an AFS debt security for which there is neither the intent nor a more-likely-than-not requirement to sell, an entity will record credit losses as an allowance rather than a write-down of the amortized cost basis. For public business entities that are U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filers, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. All entities may adopt the amendments in this Update earlier as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity will apply the amendments in this Update through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective (that is, a modified-retrospective approach). The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position. The initial adjustment will not be reported in earnings and therefore will not have any material impact on our consolidated results of operations, but it is expected that it will have an impact on our consolidated financial position at the date of adoption of this Update. At this time, we have not calculated the estimated impact that this Update will have on our Allowance for Loan Losses, however, we anticipate it will have a significant impact on the methodology process we utilize to calculate the allowance. Alternative methodologies and software vendors are currently being considered. Data requirements and integrity are being reviewed and enhancements incorporated into standard processes. The Company is in the early stages of evaluation and implementation of the guidance.

Index

In August 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-15) which clarifies how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. The amendments are intended to reduce diversity in practice. The amendment covers the following cash flows: Cash payments for debt prepayment or extinguishment costs will be classified in financing activities. Upon settlement of zero-coupon bonds and bonds with insignificant cash coupons, the portion of the payment attributable to imputed interest will be classified as an operating activity, while the portion of the payment attributable to principal will be classified as a financing activity. Cash paid by an acquirer that isn’t soon after a business combination for the settlement of a contingent consideration liability will be separated between financing activities and operating activities. Cash payments up to the amount of the contingent consideration liability recognized at the acquisition date will be classified in financing activities; any excess will be classified in operating activities. Cash paid soon after the business combination will be classified in investing activities. Cash proceeds received from the settlement of insurance claims will be classified on the basis of the related insurance coverage (that is, the nature of the loss). Cash proceeds from lump-sum settlements will be classified based on the nature of each loss included in the settlement. Cash proceeds received from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance (COLI) and bank-owned life insurance (BOLI) policies will be classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Cash payments for premiums on COLI and BOLI may be classified as cash outflows for investing, operating, or a combination of both. A transferor’s beneficial interest obtained in a securitization of financial assets will be disclosed as a noncash activity, and cash received from beneficial interests will be classified in investing activities. Distributions received from equity method investees will be classified using either a cumulative earnings approach or a look- through approach as an accounting policy election. The ASU contains additional guidance clarifying when an entity should separate cash receipts and cash payments and classify them into more than one class of cash flows (including when reasonable judgment is required to estimate and allocate cash flows) versus when an entity should classify the aggregate amount into one class of cash flows on the basis of predominance. The amendments are effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity that elects early adoption must adopt all of the amendments in the same period. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of this ASU on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In November 2016, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2016-18) to its guidance on “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Restricted Cash” addresses diversity in practice from entities classifying and presenting transfers between cash and restricted cash as operating, investing or financing activities or as a combination of those activities in the statement of cash flows. The ASU requires entities to show the changes in the total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in the Statement of Cash Flows. As a result, transfers between such categories will no longer be presented in the Statement of Cash Flows. ASU 2016-18 is effective for the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted provided all amendments are adopted in the same period. Management is evaluating the effect that this guidance will have on consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In March 2017, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2017-07) to its guidance on “Compensation - Retirement Benefits (Topic 715)” to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. ASU 2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations, if one is presented. If a separate line item or items are used to present the other components of net benefit cost, that line item or items must be appropriately described. If a separate line item or items are not used, the line item or items used in the income statement to present the other components of net benefit cost must be disclosed. The amendments in this Update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual period for which financial statements (interim or annual) have not been issued or made available for issuance. That is, early adoption should be within the first interim period if an employer issues interim financial statements. Disclosures of the nature of and reason for the change in accounting principle are required in the first interim and annual periods of adoption. The amendments in this Update should be applied retrospectively for the presentation of the service cost component and the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit costs in the income statement and prospectively, on and after the effective date, for the capitalization of the service cost component of net period pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit in assets. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

In March 2017, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2017-08) to its guidance on “Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) related to premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities. The amendments in this Update shorten the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium. Specifically, the amendments require the premium to be amortized to the earliest call date. The amendments do not require an accounting change for securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to maturity. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity early adopts the amendments in an interim period, any adjustments should be reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. An entity should apply the amendments in this Update on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. Additionally, in the period of adoption, an entity should provide disclosure about a change in accounting principle. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

Index

In May 2017, the FASB issued an Update (ASU 2017-09) to its guidance on “Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718)” such that an entity must apply modification accounting to changes in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award unless all of the following criteria are met: (1) The fair value of the modified award is the same as the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification. The standard indicates that if the modification does not affect any of the inputs to the valuation technique used to value the award, the entity is not required to estimate the value immediately before and after the modification. (2) The vesting conditions of the modified award are the same as the vesting conditions of the original award immediately before the modification. (3) The classification of the modified award as an equity instrument or a liability instrument is the same as the classification of the original award immediately before the modification. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of adoption of this ASU on our consolidated results of operations or financial position.

(10)	Employee Benefit Plans

Defined Benefit Plan

The components of net periodic pension cost related to the defined benefit pension plan for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

	Three months ended December 31,						Six months ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2017			2016			2017			2016
Interest cost	$	55		$	53		$	110		$	107
Expected return on plan assets		(62	)		(46	)		(124	)		(115	)
Amortization of net loss		42			49			84			98
Net periodic pension cost	$	35		$	56		$	70		$	90

The Company does not anticipate that it will make any additional contributions to the defined benefit pension plan during fiscal 2018.

SERP

The Board of Directors of The Bank of Greene County adopted The Bank of Greene County Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “SERP Plan”), effective as of July 1, 2010. The SERP Plan benefits certain key senior executives of the Bank who have been selected by the Board to participate. The SERP Plan is intended to provide a benefit from the Bank upon retirement, death or disability or voluntary or involuntary termination of service (other than “for cause”). The SERP Plan is more fully described in Note 9 of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended June 30, 2017.

The net periodic pension costs related to the SERP Plan for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 were $107,000 and $208,000, respectively, and for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 were $81,000 and $158,000, respectively, consisting primarily of service costs and interest costs. The total liability for the SERP Plan was $3.3 million and $2.9 million as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. The total liability for the SERP Plan includes both accumulated net periodic pension costs and participant contributions.

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(11)	Stock-Based Compensation

At December 31, 2017, Greene County Bancorp, Inc. had two stock-based compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended June 30, 2017.

Stock Option Plan

At December 31, 2017 and 2016, all granted shares related to the 2008 Option Plan were fully vested, with no remaining compensation cost to be recognized. A summary of the Company’s stock option activity and related information for its option plan for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

	2017					2016
	Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share		Shares			Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share
Outstanding at beginning of year		37,770		$	6.25		64,770		$	6.25
Exercised		(4,000	)	$	6.25		(27,000	)	$	6.25
Outstanding at period end		33,770		$	6.25		37,770		$	6.25
Exercisable at period end		33,770		$	6.25		37,770		$	6.25

The intrinsic value of options both outstanding and exercisable was $890,000 at December 31, 2017 and $629,000 at December 31, 2016. The following table presents stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2017:

Options Outstanding and Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices		Number Outstanding		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life		Weighted Average Exercise Price
$	6.25		33,770		0.75	$	6.25

The total intrinsic value of the options exercised during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 was approximately $80,000 and $103,000, respectively. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised during the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 was approximately $208,000 and $339,000, respectively. There were no stock options granted during the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 or 2016. All outstanding options were fully vested at December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Phantom Stock Option Plan and Long-term Incentive Plan

The Greene County Bancorp, Inc. 2011 Phantom Stock Option and Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) was adopted effective July 1, 2011, to promote the long-term financial success of the Company and its subsidiaries by providing a means to attract, retain and reward individuals who contribute to such success and to further align their interests with those of the Company’s shareholders. The Plan is intended to provide benefits to employees and directors of the Company or any subsidiary as designated by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (“Committee”). A phantom stock option represents the right to receive a cash payment on the date the award vests. The Plan is more fully described in Note 10 of the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended June 30, 2017.

A summary of the Company’s phantom stock option activity and related information for its option plan for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

	2017			2016
Number of options outstanding at beginning of year		1,522,720			1,352,554
Options granted		594,200			578,200
Options forfeited		(27,000	)		-
Options paid in cash		(455,760	)		(408,034	)
Number of options outstanding at period end		1,634,160			1,522,720

	Three months ended December 31,				Six months ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Cash paid out on options vested	$	1,184	$	845	$	1,187	$	845
Compensation costs recognized		460		347		820		588

Index

The total liability for the long-term incentive plan was $1.7 million and $2.0 million at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, and is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities.

(12)	Income taxes

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Act”). The Act amends the Internal Revenue Code to reduce tax rates and modify policies, credits, and deductions for individuals and businesses. For businesses, the Act reduces the corporate federal tax rate from a maximum of 35% to a flat 21% rate. The corporate tax rate reduction was effective January 1, 2018. Because the Company has a fiscal year end of June 30, the reduced corporate tax rate will result in the application of a blended federal statutory tax rate for its fiscal year 2018 and then a flat 21% thereafter.

Under generally accepted accounting principles, the Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. As a result of the reduction in the corporate income tax rate under the Act, the Company revalued its deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2017. These re-measurements resulted in a discrete tax benefit of $251,000 that was recognized during the three months ended December 31, 2017. The Company’s revaluation of its deferred tax assets and liabilities is subject to further clarification of the Tax Act and refinements of its estimates. As a result, the actual impact on the deferred tax assets and liabilities and income tax expense due to the Tax Act may vary from the amounts estimated.

(13)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 are presented in the following table:

(In thousands)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	$	290		$	612
Net losses and past service liability for defined benefit plan, net of tax		(1,604	)		(1,604	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(1,314	)	$	(992	)

As a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in December 2017, the tax effects of the rate change on deferred taxes associated with accumulated other comprehensive loss where recognized as a tax benefit through income tax expense. This resulted in a “stranded” credit in accumulated other comprehensive loss representing the adjustment from 35% to 21% tax rate of $259,000.

(14)	Subsequent events

On January 16, 2018, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the quarter ended December 31, 2017 of $0.0975 per share on Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock. The dividend reflects an annual cash dividend rate of $0.39 per share, which was the same rate as the dividend declared during the previous quarter. The dividend will be payable to stockholders of record as of February 15, 2018, and will be paid on February 28, 2018. The MHC intends to waive its receipt of this dividend.

Index

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

Overview of the Company’s Activities and Risks

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s results of operations depend primarily on its net interest income, which is the difference between the income earned on Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s loan and securities portfolios and its cost of funds, consisting of the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Results of operations are also affected by Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s provision for loan losses, gains and losses from sales of securities, noninterest income and noninterest expense. Noninterest income consists primarily of fees and service charges. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s noninterest expense consists principally of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy, equipment and data processing, and other operating expenses. Results of operations are also significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, changes in interest rates, as well as government policies and actions of regulatory authorities. Additionally, future changes in applicable law, regulations or government policies may materially affect Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

To operate successfully, the Company must manage various types of risk, including but not limited to, market or interest rate risk, credit risk, transaction risk, liquidity risk, security risk, strategic risk, reputation risk and compliance risk. While all of these risks are important, the risks of greatest significance to the Company relate to market or interest rate risk and credit risk.

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and/or interest rates. Since net interest income (the difference between interest earned on loans and investments and interest paid on deposits and borrowings) is the Company’s primary source of revenue, interest rate risk is the most significant non-credit related market risk to which the Company is exposed. Net interest income is affected by changes in interest rates as well as fluctuations in the level and duration of the Company’s assets and liabilities.

Interest rate risk is the exposure of the Company’s net interest income to adverse movements in interest rates. In addition to directly impacting net interest income, changes in interest rates can also affect the amount of new loan originations, the ability of borrowers and debt issuers to repay loans and debt securities, the volume of loan repayments and refinancings, and the flow and mix of deposits.

Credit risk is the risk to the Company’s earnings and shareholders’ equity that results from customers, to whom loans have been made and to the issuers of debt securities in which the Company has invested, failing to repay their obligations. The magnitude of risk depends on the capacity and willingness of borrowers and debt issuers to repay and the sufficiency of the value of collateral obtained to secure the loans made or investments purchased.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. desires to take advantage of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this statement for the express purpose of availing itself of the protections of the safe harbor with respect to all such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements, which are included in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis and elsewhere in this quarterly report, describe future plans or strategies and include Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s expectations of future financial results. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s ability to predict results or the effect of future plans or strategies or qualitative or quantitative changes based on market risk exposure is inherently uncertain. Factors that could affect actual results include but are not limited to:

(a)

changes in general market interest rates,

(b)

general economic conditions, including unemployment rates and real estate values,

(c)

legislative and regulatory changes,

(d)

monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve,

(e)

changes in the quality or composition of The Bank of Greene County’s loan portfolio or the consolidated investment portfolios of The Bank of Greene County and Greene County Bancorp, Inc.,

(f)

deposit flows,

(g)

competition, and

(h)

demand for financial services in Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s market area.

These factors should be considered in evaluating the forward-looking statements, and undue reliance should not be placed on such statements, since results in future periods may differ materially from those currently expected because of various risks and uncertainties.

Index

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Regulation G, a rule adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), applies to certain SEC filings, including earnings releases, made by registered companies that contain “non-GAAP financial measures.” GAAP is generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America. Under Regulation G, companies making public disclosures containing non-GAAP financial measures must also disclose, along with each non-GAAP financial measure, certain additional information, including a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measure to the closest comparable GAAP financial measure (if a comparable GAAP measure exists) and a statement of the Company’s reasons for utilizing the non-GAAP financial measure as part of its financial disclosures. The SEC has exempted from the definition of “non-GAAP financial measures” certain commonly used financial measures that are not based on GAAP. When these exempted measures are included in public disclosures, supplemental information is not required. Financial institutions like the Company and its subsidiary banks are subject to an array of bank regulatory capital measures that are financial in nature but are not based on GAAP and are not easily reconcilable to the closest comparable GAAP financial measures, even in those cases where a comparable measure exists. The Company follows industry practice in disclosing its financial condition under these various regulatory capital measures, including period-end regulatory capital ratios for itself and its subsidiary banks, in its periodic reports filed with the SEC, and it does so without compliance with Regulation G, on the widely-shared assumption that the SEC regards such non-GAAP measures to be exempt from Regulation G. The Company uses in this Report additional non-GAAP financial measures that are commonly utilized by financial institutions and have not been specifically exempted by the SEC from Regulation G. The Company provides, as supplemental information, such non-GAAP measures included in this Report as described immediately below.

Tax-Equivalent Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin: Net interest income, as a component of the tabular presentation by financial institutions of Selected Financial Information regarding their recently completed operations, as well as disclosures based on that tabular presentation, is commonly presented on a tax-equivalent basis. That is, to the extent that some component of the institution's net interest income, which is presented on a before-tax basis, is exempt from taxation (e.g., is received by the institution as a result of its holdings of state or municipal obligations), an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from that component is added to the actual before-tax net interest income total. This adjustment is considered helpful in comparing one financial institution's net interest income to that of another institution or in analyzing any institution’s net interest income trend line over time, to correct any analytical distortion that might otherwise arise from the fact that financial institutions vary widely in the proportions of their portfolios that are invested in tax-exempt securities, and that even a single institution may significantly alter over time the proportion of its own portfolio that is invested in tax-exempt obligations. Moreover, net interest income is itself a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets. For purposes of this measure as well, tax-equivalent net interest income is generally used by financial institutions, again to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution and to better demonstrate a single institution’s performance over time. While we present net interest income and net interest margin utilizing GAAP measures (no tax-equivalent adjustments) as a component of the tabular presentation within our disclosures, we do provide as supplemental information net interest income and net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis.

Index

Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017

ASSETS

Total assets of the Company were $1.1 billion at December 31, 2017 as compared to $982.3 million at June 30, 2017, an increase of $78.5 million, or 8.0%. Securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity amounted to $342.1 million, at December 31, 2017 as compared to $315.3 million, at June 30, 2017, an increase of $26.8 million, or 8.5%. Net loans grew by $39.7 million, or 6.4%, to $663.9 million at December 31, 2017 as compared to $624.2 million at June 30, 2017.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Total cash and cash equivalents increased $11.4 million to $27.7 million at December 31, 2017 from $16.3 million at June 30, 2017. The level of cash and cash equivalents is a function of the daily account clearing needs and deposit levels as well as activities associated with securities transactions and loan funding. All of these items can cause cash levels to fluctuate significantly on a daily basis.

SECURITIES

Securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity increased $26.8 million, or 8.5%, to $342.1 million at December 31, 2017 as compared to $315.3 million at June 30, 2017. Securities purchases totaled $74.8 million during the six months ended December 31, 2017 and consisted of $62.1 million of state and political subdivision securities, $10.4 million of mortgage backed securities, and $2.3 million of U.S. government sponsored enterprises securities. Principal pay-downs and maturities during the six months amounted to $47.1 million, of which $9.2 million were mortgage-backed securities, $36.4 million were state and political subdivision securities, and $1.5 million were corporate debt securities. At December 31, 2017, 58.3% of our securities portfolio consisted of state and political subdivision securities to take advantage of tax savings and to promote Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s participation in the communities in which it operates. As a result of a reduction in the maximum Federal income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018, the tax benefits to be received on these tax-exempt securities will be reduced in the future, resulting in a lower yield to be realized on these securities on a fully-taxable equivalent basis. With this lower yield, the unrealized gain on state and political subdivision securities has decreased at December 31, 2017. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities held within the portfolio do not contain sub-prime loans and are not exposed to the credit risk associated with such lending.

	December 31, 2017					June 30, 2017
(Dollars in thousands)	Balance		Percentage of portfolio			Balance		Percentage of portfolio
Securities available-for-sale:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises	$	5,623		1.6	%	$	4,717		1.5	%
State and political subdivisions		71,720		21.0			58,112		18.4
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		4,096		1.2			4,913		1.5
Mortgage-backed securities-multifamily		20,071		5.9			20,765		6.6
Asset-backed securities		-		-			1		0.0
Corporate debt securities		1,257		0.4			2,791		1.0
Total debt securities		102,767		30.1			91,299		29.0
Equity securities		202		0.1			184		0.1
Total securities available-for-sale		102,969		30.2			91,483		29.1
Securities held-to-maturity:
U.S. government sponsored enterprises		7,246		2.1			6,000		1.9
State and political subdivisions		127,725		37.3			115,805		36.7
Mortgage-backed securities-residential		7,479		2.2			10,798		3.4
Mortgage-backed securities-multifamily		94,183		27.5			88,702		28.1
Corporate debt securities		1,000		0.3			1,000		0.3
Other securities		1,507		0.4			1,525		0.5
Total securities held-to-maturity		239,140		69.8			223,830		70.9
Total securities	$	342,109		100.0	%	$	315,313		100.0	%

Index

LOANS

Net loans receivable increased $39.7 million, or 6.4%, to $663.9 million at December 31, 2017 from $624.2 million at June 30, 2017. The loan growth experienced during the six month period consisted primarily of $14.3 million in commercial real estate loans, $17.8 million in commercial loans, $4.5 million in multi-family real estate loans, and $6.7 million in residential real estate loans. This growth was partially offset by a decrease of $3.5 million in commercial construction loans. We believe that the continued low interest rate environment and strong customer satisfaction from personal service continued to enhance loan growth. If long term rates begin to rise, the Company anticipates some slowdown in new loan demand as well as refinancing activities. The Bank of Greene County continues to use a conservative underwriting policy in regard to all loan originations, and does not engage in sub-prime lending or other exotic loan products. A significant decline in home values, however, in the Company’s markets could have a negative effect on the consolidated results of operations, as any such decline in home values would likely lead to a decrease in residential real estate loans and new home equity loan originations and increased delinquencies and defaults in both the consumer home equity loan and the residential real estate loan portfolios and result in increased losses in these portfolios. Updated appraisals are obtained on loans when there is a reason to believe that there has been a change in the borrower’s ability to repay the loan principal and interest, generally, when a loan is in a delinquent status. Additionally, if an existing loan is to be modified or refinanced, generally, an appraisal is ordered to ensure continued collateral adequacy.

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2017						June 30, 2017
	Balance			Percentage of Portfolio			Balance			Percentage of Portfolio
Residential real estate	$	252,015			37.4	%	$	245,331			38.7	%
Residential construction and land		7,391			1.1			7,160			1.1
Multi-family		13,707			2.0			9,199			1.4
Commercial real estate		272,253			40.4			257,964			40.7
Commercial construction		24,901			3.7			28,430			4.5
Home equity		21,090			3.1			21,076			3.3
Consumer installment		4,925			0.7			4,790			0.8
Commercial loans		78,153			11.6			60,381			9.5
Total gross loans		674,435			100.0	%		634,331			100.0	%
Allowance for loan losses		(11,352	)					(11,022	)
Deferred fees and costs		790						878
Total net loans	$	663,873					$	624,187

ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES

The allowance for loan losses is established through a provision for loan losses based on management’s evaluation of the risk inherent in the loan portfolio, the composition of the loan portfolio, specific impaired loans and current economic conditions. Such evaluation, which includes a review of certain identified loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers among other matters, the estimated net realizable value or the fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, payment status of the loan, historical loan loss experience and other factors that warrant recognition in providing for an allowance for loan loss. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review The Bank of Greene County’s allowance for loan losses. Such agencies may require The Bank of Greene County to recognize additions to the allowance based on their judgment about information available to them at the time of their examination. The Bank of Greene County considers smaller balance residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans to customers as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loss experience. Larger balance residential and commercial mortgage and business loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreements. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The Bank of Greene County charges loans off against the allowance for loan losses when it becomes evident that a loan cannot be collected within a reasonable amount of time or that it will cost the Bank more than it will receive, and all possible avenues of repayment have been analyzed, including the potential of future cash flow, the value of the underlying collateral, and strength of any guarantors or co-borrowers. Generally, consumer loans and smaller business loans (not secured by real estate) in excess of 90 days are charged-off against the allowance for loan losses, unless equitable arrangements are made. For loans secured by real estate, a charge-off is recorded when it is determined that the collection of all or a portion of a loan may not be collected and the amount of that loss can be reasonably estimated. The allowance for loan losses is increased by a provision for loan losses (which results in a charge to expense) and recoveries of loans previously charged off and is reduced by charge-offs.

Index

Analysis of allowance for loan losses activity

	At or for the six months ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016
Balance at the beginning of the period	$	11,022		$	9,485
Charge-offs:
Residential real estate		71			90
Consumer installment		177			141
Commercial loans		157			-
Total loans charged off		405			231

Recoveries:
Consumer installment		36			35
Commercial loans		-			3
Total recoveries		36			38

Net charge-offs		369			193

Provisions charged to operations		699			1,129
Balance at the end of the period	$	11,352		$	10,421

Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding (annualized)		0.12	%		0.07	%
Net charge-offs to nonperforming assets (annualized)		16.16	%		9.27	%
Allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans		309.91	%		272.30	%
Allowance for loan losses to total loans receivable		1.68	%		1.73	%

Nonaccrual Loans and Nonperforming Assets

Loans are reviewed on a regular basis to assess collectability of all principal and interest payments due. Management determines that a loan is impaired or nonperforming when it is probable at least a portion of the principal or interest will not be collected in accordance with contractual terms of the note. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan is based on present value of estimated future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral.

Generally, management places loans on nonaccrual status once the loans have become 90 days or more delinquent or sooner if there is a significant reason for management to believe the collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on the loan will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment.” Management may consider a loan impaired once it is classified as nonaccrual and when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring. It should be noted that management does not evaluate all loans individually for impairment. Generally, The Bank of Greene County considers residential mortgages, home equity loans and installment loans as small, homogeneous loans, which are evaluated for impairment collectively based on historical loan experience and other factors. In contrast, large commercial mortgage, construction, multi-family, business loans and select larger balance residential mortgage loans are viewed individually and considered impaired if it is probable that The Bank of Greene County will not be able to collect scheduled payments of principal and interest when due, according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. The measurement of impaired loans is generally based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. The majority of The Bank of Greene County loans, including most nonaccrual loans, are small homogenous loan types adequately supported by collateral. Management considers the payment status of loans in the process of evaluating the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses among other factors. Based on this evaluation, a delinquent loan’s risk rating may be downgraded to either pass-watch, special mention, or substandard, and the allocation of the allowance for loan loss is based upon the risk associated with such designation. A loan does not have to be 90 days delinquent in order to be classified as nonperforming. Foreclosed real estate is considered to be a nonperforming asset.

Index

Analysis of Nonaccrual Loans and Nonperforming Assets

(Dollars in thousands)	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017
Nonaccruing loans:
Residential real estate	$	1,752		$	1,240
Commercial real estate		1,108			1,452
Commercial construction		176			176
Home equity		333			218
Consumer installment		10			10
Commercial		284			476
Total nonaccruing loans		3,663			3,572
90 days & accruing
Residential real estate		-			69
Total 90 days & accruing		-			69
Total nonperforming loans		3,663			3,641
Foreclosed real estate:
Residential real estate		79			-
Commercial real estate		826			799
Total foreclosed real estate		905			799
Total nonperforming assets	$	4,568		$	4,440

Troubled debt restructuring:
Nonperforming (included above)	$	594		$	932
Performing (accruing and excluded above)		1,556			916

Total nonperforming assets as a percentage of total assets		0.43	%		0.45	%
Total nonperforming loans to net loans		0.55	%		0.58	%

The table below details additional information related to nonaccrual loans for the three and six months ended December 31:

	For the three months ended December 31,				For the six months ended December 31
(In thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Interest income that would have been recorded if loans had been performing in accordance with original terms	$	59	$	56	$	137	$	136
Interest income that was recorded on nonaccrual loans		31		26		65		54

Nonperforming assets amounted to $4.6 million at December 31, 2017 and $4.4 million at June 30, 2017, an increase of $128,000 or 2.9%. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.7 million at December 31, 2017 of which $1.9 million were in the process of foreclosure. At December 31, 2017, there were thirteen residential loans in the process of foreclosure totaling $1.3 million. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.7 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at December 31, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $66,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements. Under the forbearance agreements, the customers have made arrangements with the Bank to bring the loans current over a specified period of time (resulting in an insignificant delay in repayment). During this term of the forbearance agreement, the Bank has agreed not to continue foreclosure proceedings. While the Bank makes every reasonable effort to work with the borrowers to collect amounts due, the number of loans in process of foreclosure has grown substantially over the past several years. Loans on nonaccrual status totaled $3.6 million at June 30, 2017 of which $1.6 million were in the process of foreclosure. Included in nonaccrual loans were $1.9 million of loans which were less than 90 days past due at June 30, 2017, but have a recent history of delinquency greater than 90 days past due. These loans will be returned to accrual status once they have demonstrated a history of timely payments. Included in total loans past due were $179,000 of loans which were making payments pursuant to forbearance agreements.

Index

Impaired Loans

The Company identifies impaired loans and measures the impairment in accordance with FASB ASC subtopic “Receivables – Loan Impairment”. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that the borrower will be unable to repay the loan according to the original contractual terms of the loan agreement or the loan is restructured in a troubled debt restructuring.

The table below details additional information on impaired loans at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017:

(In thousands)	December 31, 2017		June 30, 2017
Balance of impaired loans, with a valuation allowance	$	2,732	$	2,071
Allowances relating to impaired loans included in allowance for loan losses		533		436
Balance of impaired loans, without a valuation allowance		1,341		1,181
Total impaired loans		4,073		3,252

	For the three months ended December 31,				For the six months ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2017		2016		2017		2016
Average balance of impaired loans for the periods ended	$	3,931	$	3,222	$	3,816	$	3,123
Interest income recorded on impaired loans during the periods ended		27		24		49		52

DEPOSITS

Total deposits increased to $920.8 million at December 31, 2017 from $859.5 million at June 30, 2017, an increase of $61.3 million, or 7.1%. NOW deposits increased $59.5 million, or 15.2%, money market deposits increased $2.0 million, or 1.7%, savings deposits increased $8.1 million, or 4.1% and noninterest-bearing deposits increased $3.4 million, or 3.6% when comparing December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in certificates of deposit of $11.9 million, or 22.2%, when comparing December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Included within certificates of deposits at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 were $3.9 million and $15.0 million, respectively, in brokered certificates of deposit. These increases were the result of a $39.9 million increase in municipal deposits at Greene County Commercial Bank, primarily from continued growth in new account relationships as well as tax collection.

(In thousands)	December 31, 2017		Percentage of Portfolio			June 30, 2017		Percentage of Portfolio
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	99,388		10.8	%	$	95,929		11.2	%
Certificates of deposit		41,826		4.6			53,742		6.3
Savings deposits		205,426		22.3			197,288		22.9
Money market deposits		121,838		13.2			119,806		13.9
NOW deposits		452,273		49.1			392,770		45.7
Total deposits	$	920,751		100.0	%	$	859,535		100.0	%

BORROWINGS

At December 31, 2017, The Bank of Greene County had pledged approximately $273.7 million of its residential and commercial mortgage portfolio as collateral for borrowing and irrevocable stand-by letters of credit at the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLB”). The maximum amount of funding available from the FHLB was $225.1 million at December 31, 2017, of which $40.5 million in borrowings and $44.0 million in irrevocable stand-by letters of credit were outstanding at December 31, 2017. There were $20.3 million of short-term or overnight borrowings outstanding at December 31, 2017. The remaining $20.2 million consisted of long-term fixed rate advances with a weighted average rate of 1.62% and a weighted average maturity of 25 months. The $44.0 million of irrevocable stand-by letters of credit with the FHLB have been issued to secure municipal transactional deposit accounts, on behalf of Greene County Commercial Bank.

The Bank of Greene County also pledges securities as collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for overnight borrowings. At December 31, 2017, approximately $1.3 million of collateral was available to be pledged against potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. There were no balances outstanding with the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2017 or June 30, 2017.

Index

The Bank of Greene County has established unsecured lines of credit with Atlantic Central Bankers Bank and another financial institution for $6.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, there were no balances outstanding on either of these lines of credit. Greene County Bancorp, Inc. has also established an unsecured line of credit with Atlantic Central Bankers Bank for $7.5 million. At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 there were no balances outstanding on this line of credit. All of these lines of credit provide for overnight borrowing and the interest rate is determined at the time of the borrowing.

Scheduled maturities of long-term borrowings at December 31, 2017 were as follows:

(In thousands)
Within the twelve months ended December 31,
2018	$	5,000
2019		3,500
2020		6,500
2021		2,950
2022		2,200
	$	20,150

EQUITY

Shareholders’ equity increased to $89.6 million at December 31, 2017 from $83.5 million at June 30, 2017, as net income of $7.1 million was partially offset by dividends declared and paid of $763,000, and a $322,000 increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Other changes in equity, an increase of $25,000, were the result of options exercised with the Company’s 2008 Stock Option Plan.

Selected Equity Data:

	December 31, 2017			June 30, 2017
Shareholders’ equity to total assets, at end of period		8.44	%		8.50	%

Book value per share	$	10.53		$	9.82
Closing market price of common stock	$	32.60		$	27.20

	For the six months ended December 31,
	2017			2016
Average shareholders’ equity to average assets		8.49	%		8.65	%
Dividend payout ratio¹		23.21	%		29.69	%
Actual dividends paid to net income²		10.73	%		13.66	%

¹The dividend payout ratio has been calculated based on the dividends declared per share divided by basic earnings per share. No adjustments have been made for dividends waived by Greene County Bancorp, MHC (“MHC”), the owner of 54.2% of the Company’s shares outstanding.

²Dividends declared divided by net income. The MHC waived its right to receive dividends declared during the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The MHC’s ability to waive the receipt of dividends is dependent upon annual approval of its members as well as receiving the non-objection of the Federal Reserve Board.

Index

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three and Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

Average Balance Sheet

The following table sets forth certain information relating to Greene County Bancorp, Inc. for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. For the periods indicated, the total dollar amount of interest income from average interest-earning assets and the resultant yields, as well as the interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities, are expressed both in dollars and rates. No tax equivalent adjustments were made. Average balances were based on daily averages. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. The loan yields include net amortization of certain deferred fees and costs that are considered adjustments to yields.

	Three months ended December 31,
	2017								2016
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned / Paid		Average Yield / Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned / Paid		Average Yield / Rate
Interest-earning Assets:
Loans receivable, net¹	$	658,990		$	7,287		4.42	%	$	578,184		$	6,382		4.42	%
Securities²		340,403			2,016		2.37			298,137			2,061		2.77
Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds		27,159			87		1.28			3,872			5		0.52
FHLB stock		1,689			30		7.10			2,289			36		6.29
Total interest-earning assets		1,028,241			9,420		3.66	%		882,482			8,484		3.85	%
Cash and due from banks		8,933								7,829
Allowance for loan losses		(11,167	)							(10,110	)
Other noninterest-earning assets		18,362								18,074
Total assets	$	1,044,369							$	898,275

Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Savings and money market deposits	$	324,300		$	261		0.32	%	$	298,967		$	238		0.32	%
NOW deposits		464,907			523		0.45			348,601			331		0.38
Certificates of deposit		38,768			83		0.86			42,432			79		0.74
Borrowings		22,783			93		1.63			36,107			105		1.16
Total interest-bearing liabilities		850,758			960		0.45	%		726,107			753		0.41	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		99,200								87,690
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		6,412								7,199
Shareholders' equity		87,999								77,279
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,044,369							$	898,275

Net interest income				$	8,460							$	7,731
Net interest rate spread							3.21	%							3.44	%
Net earnings assets	$	177,483							$	156,375
Net interest margin							3.29	%							3.50	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities		120.86	%							121.54	%

¹Calculated net of deferred loan fees and costs, loan discounts, and loans in process.

²Includes tax-free securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities.

Taxable-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin

	For the three months ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016
Net interest income (GAAP)	$	8,460		$	7,731
Tax-equivalent adjustment⁽¹⁾		532			537
Net interest income (fully taxable-equivalent)	$	8,992		$	8,268

Average interest-earning assets	$	1,028,241		$	882,482
Net interest margin (fully taxable-equivalent)		3.50	%		3.75	%

¹Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis includes the additional amount of interest income that would have been earned if the Company’s investment in tax-exempt securities and loans had been subject to federal and New York State income taxes yielding the same after-tax income. The rate used for this adjustment was approximately 28.1% and 34% for federal income taxes and 3.62% and 3.32% for New York State income taxes for the period ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Index

	Six months ended December 31,
	2017								2016
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned / Paid		Average Yield / Rate			Average Outstanding Balance			Interest Earned / Paid		Average Yield / Rate
Interest-earning Assets:
Loans receivable, net¹	$	649,121		$	14,346		4.42	%	$	560,427		$	12,435		4.44	%
Securities²		334,645			4,005		2.39			300,023			3,794		2.53
Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds		16,035			99		1.23			2,486			8		0.64
FHLB stock		1,838			59		6.42			2,574			61		4.74
Total interest-earning assets		1,001,639			18,509		3.69	%		865,510			16,298		3.77	%
Cash and due from banks		9,115								7,847
Allowance for loan losses		(11,117	)							(9,845	)
Other noninterest-earning assets		18,575								18,153
Total assets	$	1,018,212							$	881,665

Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Savings and money market deposits	$	321,304		$	517		0.32	%	$	295,218		$	470		0.32	%
NOW deposits		438,882			986		0.45			329,174			628		0.38
Certificates of deposit		41,202			173		0.84			42,626			156		0.73
Borrowings		25,566			203		1.59			42,449			226		1.06
Total interest-bearing liabilities		826,954			1,879		0.45	%		709,467			1,480		0.42	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		97,626								87,988
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		7,184								7,952
Shareholders' equity		86,448								76,258
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,018,212							$	881,665

Net interest income				$	16,630							$	14,818
Net interest rate spread							3.24	%							3.35	%
Net earnings assets	$	174,685							$	156,043
Net interest margin							3.32	%							3.42	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities		121.12	%							121.99	%

¹Calculated net of deferred loan fees and costs, loan discounts, and loans in process.

²Includes tax-free securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities.

Non-GAAP taxable-equivalent net interest income and net interest margin

	For the six months ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2017			2016
Net interest income (GAAP)	$	16,630		$	14,818
Tax-equivalent adjustment⁽¹⁾		1,037			1,057
Net interest income (fully taxable-equivalent)	$	17,667		$	15,875

Average interest-earning assets	$	1,001,639		$	865,510
Net interest margin (fully taxable-equivalent)		3.53	%		3.67	%

Index

Rate / Volume Analysis

The following table presents the extent to which changes in interest rates and changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities have affected Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s interest income and interest expense during the periods indicated. Information is provided in each category with respect to:

(i)

Change attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate);

(ii)

Change attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume); and

(iii)

The net change.

The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated proportionately to the changes due to volume and the changes due to rate.

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended December 31, 2017 versus 2016									Six Months Ended December 31, 2017 versus 2016

	Increase/(Decrease) Due To						Total Increase/ (Decrease)			Increase/(Decrease) Due To						Total Increase/ (Decrease)
	Volume			Rate			Total Increase/ (Decrease)			Volume			Rate			Total Increase/ (Decrease)

Interest Earning Assets:
Loans receivable, net¹	$	905		$	-		$	905		$	1,967		$	(56	)	$	1,911
Securities²		273			(318	)		(45	)		427			(216	)		211
Interest-bearing bank balances and federal funds		66			16			82			78			13			91
FHLB stock		(10	)		4			(6	)		(20	)		18			(2	)
Total interest-earning assets		1,234			(298	)		936			2,452			(241	)		2,211

Interest-Bearing Liabilities:
Savings and money market deposits		23			-			23			47			-			47
NOW deposits		124			68			192			231			127			358
Certificates of deposit		(7	)		11			4			(5	)		22			17
Borrowings		(46	)		34			(12	)		(110	)		87			(23	)
Total interest-bearing liabilities		94			113			207			163			236			399
Net change in net interest income	$	1,140		$	(411	)	$	729		$	2,289		$	(477	)	$	1,812

¹ Calculated net of deferred loan fees, loan discounts, and loans in process.

² Includes tax-free securities, mortgage-backed securities, and asset-backed securities.

GENERAL

Return on average assets and return on average equity are common methods of measuring operating results. Annualized return on average assets increased to 1.39% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 1.30% for the three months ended December 31, 2016, and was 1.40% and 1.23% for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Annualized return on average equity increased to 16.55% for the three months and 16.45% for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 15.15% for the three months and 14.25% for the six months ended December 31, 2016. The increase in return on average assets and return on average equity was primarily the result of growth in net income resulting from growth in earning assets. Net income amounted to $3.6 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $714,000 or 24.4% and amounted to $7.1 million and $5.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, an increase of $1.7 million or 30.9%. Average assets increased $146.1 million, or 16.3% to $1.0 billion for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $898.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Average equity increased $10.7 million, or 13.8%, to $88.0 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $77.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Average assets increased $136.5 million, or 15.5%, to $1.0 billion for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $881.7 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. Average equity increased $10.1 million, or 13.2%, to $86.4 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $76.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016.

Index

INTEREST INCOME

Interest income amounted to $9.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $8.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $936,000, or 11.0%. Interest income amounted to $18.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $16.3 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $2.2 million, or 13.5%. The increase in average loan and securities balances had the greatest impact on interest income when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, which were offset by a decrease in the yield on loans and securities. Average loan balances increased $80.8 million and $88.7 million while the yield on loans remained unchanged and decreased two basis points when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Average securities increased $42.3 million and $34.6 million and the yield on such securities decreased 40 basis points and 14 basis points when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The lower yield on securities is the result of a decrease in prepayment penalty income on mortgage-backed securities, included in interest income, of $355,000 when comparing the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and $256,000 when comparing the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest expense amounted to $960,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $753,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $207,000, or 27.5%. Interest expense amounted to $1.9 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $399,000, or 27.0%. Increases in average balances on interest-bearing liabilities as well as an increase in rates paid on deposits contributed to the increase in overall interest expense. As illustrated in the rate/volume table, interest expense increased $94,000 and $163,000 when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, due to a $124.7 million and $117.5 million increase in the average balances on interest-bearing liabilities when comparing these same periods. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased four basis points to 0.45% from 0.41% when comparing the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and increased three basis points to 0.45% from 0.42% when comparing the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Average deposits increased $138.0 million and $134.4 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, as a result of continued growth across all three of our primary banking lines – retail, commercial and municipal. The average rate paid on NOW deposits increased seven basis points when comparing the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the average balance of such accounts grew by $116.3 million when comparing these same periods. The average rate paid on NOW deposits increased seven basis points when comparing the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the average balance of such accounts increased $109.7 million when comparing these same periods. The average balance of savings and money market deposits increased $25.3 million and $26.1 million when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The rates paid on savings and money market deposits remained unchanged when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The average balance of certificates of deposit decreased $3.6 million and $1.4 million when comparing the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The average rate paid on certificate of deposits increased 12 basis points when comparing the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, and increased 11 basis points when comparing the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. This increase in rate paid on certificates of deposit for the six months is the result of the promotion of a five year certificate product.

The average balance on borrowings decreased $13.3 million and the rate increased 47 basis points when comparing the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The average balance on borrowings decreased $16.8 million and the rate increased 53 basis points when comparing the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. This was the result of a decrease in the average balance of short-term borrowings when comparing both the three and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, resulting in a higher mix of longer term, higher rate borrowings.

NET INTEREST INCOME

Net interest income increased $729,000 to $8.5 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 from $7.7 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Net interest income increased $1.8 million to $16.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 from $14.8 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. These increases in net interest income were primarily the result of the growth in the average balance of interest-earning assets.

Net interest spread decreased 23 basis points to 3.21% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to 3.44% for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Net interest margin decreased 21 basis points to 3.29% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 compared to 3.50% for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Net interest spread and margin decreased 11 and 10 basis points to 3.24% and 3.32%, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2017 compared to 3.35% and 3.42%, respectively, for the six months ended December 31, 2016.

Index

Net interest income on a taxable-equivalent basis includes the additional amount of interest income that would have been earned if the Company’s investment in tax-exempt securities and loans had been subject to federal and New York State income taxes yielding the same after-tax income. Tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.50% and 3.75% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Tax equivalent net interest margin was 3.53% and 3.67% for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Tax equivalent net interest margin for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 have been adjusted to reflect the Federal blended statutory tax rate applicable to our fiscal year 2018 of 28.1% resulting from the TCJA. As a result of utilizing this lower statutory tax rate for the periods ended December 31, 2017, the tax equivalent net interest margin decreased six basis points for both the three and six months ended December 31, 2017.

Due to the large portion of fixed-rate residential mortgages in the Company’s portfolio, interest rate risk is a concern and the Company will continue to monitor and adjust the asset and liability mix as much as possible to take advantage of the benefits and reduce the risks or potential negative effects of a rising rate environment. Management attempts to mitigate the interest rate risk through balance sheet composition. Several strategies are used to help manage interest rate risk such as maintaining a high level of liquid assets such as short-term federal funds sold and various investment securities and maintaining a high concentration of less interest-rate sensitive and lower-costing core deposits.

PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES

Management continues to closely monitor asset quality and adjust the level of the allowance for loan losses when necessary. The amount recognized for the provision for loan losses is determined by management based on its ongoing analysis of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses. The provision for loan losses amounted to $352,000 and $586,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The provision for loan losses amounted to $699,000 and $1.1 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Net charge-offs amounted to $98,000 and $141,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and amounted to $369,000 and $193,000 for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Allowance for loan losses to total loans receivable decreased to 1.68% as of December 31, 2017 as compared to 1.74% as of June 30, 2016, and 1.73% as of December 31, 2016. Nonperforming loans amounted to $3.7 million and $3.6 million at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. At December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, nonperforming assets to total assets were 0.43% and 0.45% and nonperforming loans to net loans were 0.55% and 0.58%. At December 31, 2016, nonperforming assets to total assets were 0.45% and nonperforming loans to net loans were 0.65%. The Company has not been an originator of “no documentation” mortgage loans, and the loan portfolio does not include any mortgage loans that the Company classifies as sub-prime.

NONINTEREST INCOME

(In thousands)	For the three months ended December 31,				Change from Prior Year					For the six months ended December 31,				Change from Prior Year
Noninterest income:	2017		2016		Amount		Percent			2017		2016		Amount		Percent
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	934	$	820	$	114		13.90	%	$	1,785	$	1,593	$	192		12.05	%
Debit card fees		591		510		81		15.88			1,157		1,001		156		15.58
Investment services		122		67		55		82.09			194		137		57		41.61
E-commerce fees		35		31		4		12.90			73		63		10		15.87
Other operating income		205		184		21		11.41			418		367		51		13.90
Total noninterest income	$	1,887	$	1,612	$	275		17.06	%	$	3,627	$	3,161	$	466		14.74	%

Noninterest income increased $275,000, or 17.1%, to $1.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Noninterest income increased $466,000, or 14.7%, to $3.6 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $3.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. These increases are primarily due to increases in debit card fees and service charges on deposit accounts resulting from continued growth in the number of checking accounts with debit cards, as well as increased monthly or transactional service charges on deposit accounts.

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

(In thousands)	For the three months ended December 31				Change from Prior Year					For the six months ended December 31,				Change from Prior Year
Noninterest expense:	2017		2016		Amount		Percent			2017		2016		Amount			Percent
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,110	$	2,787	$	323		11.59	%	$	6,037	$	5,455	$	582			10.67	%
Occupancy expense		355		339		16		4.72			711		719		(8	)		(1.11	)
Equipment and furniture expense		158		132		26		19.70			271		252		19			7.54
Service and data processing fees		540		499		41		8.22			1,027		947		80			8.45
Computer software, supplies and support		162		148		14		9.46			305		294		11			3.74
Advertising and promotion		112		85		27		31.76			167		208		(41	)		(19.71	)
FDIC insurance premiums		93		93		-		0.00			186		207		(21	)		(10.14	)
Legal and professional fees		229		220		9		4.09			460		418		42			10.05
Other		553		485		68		14.02			1,041		1,042		(1	)		(0.10	)
Total noninterest expense	$	5,312	$	4,788	$	524		10.94	%	$	10,205	$	9,542	$	663			6.95	%

Index

Noninterest expense increased $524,000, or 10.9%, to $5.3 million for the three months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $4.8 million for the three months ended December 31, 2016. Noninterest expense increased $663,000, or 7.0%, to $10.2 million for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $9.5 million for the six months ended December 31, 2016. These increases in noninterest expense are primarily the result of an increase in salaries and employee benefits expenses, resulting from additional staffing to support the Bank’s growth. New positions were added within the Bank’s lending department, customer service center, investment center and for the Bank’s new branch in Copake, New York. The increase is also due to higher service and data processing fees resulting from costs associated with offering more services to customers through online banking.

INCOME TAXES

The provision for income taxes directly reflects the expected tax associated with the pre-tax income generated for the given year and certain regulatory requirements. The effective tax rate was 22.3% and 24.0% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017, respectively compared to 26.3% and 25.7% for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended December 31, 2017 is primarily the result of a net tax benefit of $251,000 recognized at December 31, 2017 as a result of the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) in December 2017. The effective tax rate decreased from 27.6% to 22.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and decreased from 26.6% to 24.0% for the six months ended December 31, 2017 as a result of this adjustment.

The TCJA permanently reduces the maximum corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The lower corporate income tax rate means that deferred tax assets and liabilities that will be deductible or taxable in the future would need to be computed at the new tax rate. Additionally, fiscal year-end taxpayers such as Greene County Bancorp, Inc. are required to utilize a “blended rate” in calculating the effective tax rate for the fiscal year based on a ratio utilizing the number of days at the 35% tax rate and the number of days at the 21% tax rate. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s statutory blended rate for fiscal 2018 is approximately 28%. This statutory rate is impacted by the benefits derived from tax-exempt bond and loan income, the Company’s real estate investment trust subsidiary income, as well as the tax benefit derived from premiums paid to the Company’s pooled captive insurance subsidiary to arrive at the effective tax rate.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Market risk is the risk of loss in a financial instrument arising from adverse changes in market rates or prices such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, and equity prices. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk since the majority of Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in interest rates. Greene County Bancorp, Inc.’s primary sources of funds are deposits and proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans, mortgage-backed securities and debt securities, with lines of credit available through the Federal Home Loan Bank and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank as needed. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit outflows, mortgage prepayments, and lending activities are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The Bank of Greene County’s unfunded loan commitments and unused lines of credit are as follows at December 31, 2017:

(In thousands)	2017
Unfunded loan commitments	$	52,544
Unused lines of credit		55,525
Total commitments	$	108,069

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. anticipates that it will have sufficient funds available to meet current loan commitments based on the level of cash and cash equivalents as well as the available-for-sale investment portfolio and borrowing capacity.

Index

The Bank of Greene County and Greene County Commercial Bank met all applicable regulatory capital requirements at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017. Consolidated shareholders’ equity represented 8.4% of total assets at December 31, 2017 and 8.5% at June 30, 2017.

(Dollars in thousands)	Actual					For Capital Adequacy Purposes					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions					Capital Conservation Buffer
The Bank of Greene County	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Actual			Required

As of December 31, 2017:

Total risk-based capital	$	96,076		15.7	%	$	48,936		8.0	%	$	61,170		10.0	%		7.706	%		1.250	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		88,321		14.4			36,702		6.0			48,936		8.0			8.439			1.250
Common equity tier 1 capital		88,321		14.4			27,527		4.5			39,761		6.5			9.939			1.250
Tier 1 leverage ratio		88,321		8.5			41,747		4.0			52,184		5.0			4.462			1.250

As of June 30, 2017:

Total risk-based capital	$	87,719		15.8	%	$	44,433		8.0	%	$	55,542		10.0	%		7.794	%		1.250	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		80,671		14.5			33,325		6.0			44,433		8.0			8.525			1.250
Common equity tier 1 capital		80,671		14.5			24,994		4.5			36,102		6.5			10.024			1.250
Tier 1 leverage ratio		80,671		8.5			38,056		4.0			47,571		5.0			4.479			1.250


Greene County Commercial Bank

As of December 31, 2017:

Total risk-based capital	$	32,552	42.9	%	$	6,069	8.0	%	$	7,587	10.0	%	34.907	%	1.250	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		32,552	42.9			4,552	6.0			6,069	8.0		36.907		1.250
Common equity tier 1 capital		32,552	42.9			3,414	4.5			4,931	6.5		38.407		1.250
Tier 1 leverage ratio		32,552	8.31			15,675	4.0			19,593	5.0		4.307		1.250

As of June 30, 2017:

Total risk-based capital	$	30,095	40.1	%	$	6,011	8.0	%	$	7,514	10.0	%	32.053	%	1.250	%
Tier 1 risk-based capital		30,095	40.1			4,508	6.0			6,011	8.0		34.053		1.250
Common equity tier 1 capital		30,095	40.1			3,381	4.5			4,884	6.5		35.550		1.250
Tier 1 leverage ratio		30,095	9.6			12,508	4.0			15,635	5.0		5.624		1.250

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms and in timely altering them to material information relating to the Company (or its consolidated subsidiaries) required to be filed in its periodic SEC filings.

Index

There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting in connection with the quarterly evaluation that occurred during the Company's last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Part II.

Other Information

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

Greene County Bancorp, Inc. and its subsidiaries are not engaged in any material legal proceedings at the present time.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Not applicable to smaller reporting companies.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5.

Other Information

Not applicable

There were no material changes to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company’s Board of Directors during the period covered by this Form 10-Q.

Item 6.

Exhibits

Exhibits
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer, adopted pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer, adopted pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
32.1		Statement of Chief Executive Officer, furnished pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350
32.2		Statement of Chief Financial Officer, furnished pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350
101		The following materials from Greene County Bancorp, Inc. Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2017, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (iv) related notes, tagged as blocks of text.

Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Greene County Bancorp, Inc.

Date: February 14, 2018

By: /s/ Donald E. Gibson

Donald E. Gibson

President and Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 14, 2018

By: /s/ Michelle M. Plummer

Michelle M. Plummer, CPA

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer