Edgar Filing: CENTRA SOFTWARE INC

FORM 10-Q

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED June 30, 2003

TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 000-27861

Centra Software, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		04-3268918
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

430 Bedford Street, Lexington, MA 02420
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

(781) 861-7000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2. Yes x No ¨

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock as of August 7, 2003 was 26,601,093.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements:

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 (unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 (unaudited)	5

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	28

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	29

Item 2.	Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds	30

Item 4.	Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders	30

Item 6.	Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K	31

Signatures		32

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements

CENTRA SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

	December 31, 2002			June 30, 2003
Assets
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	25,891		$	10,258
Short-term investments		12,353			25,632
Restricted cash		100			100
Accounts receivable, net of reserves of approximately $493 and $461 at December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003, respectively		7,114			6,649
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		1,576			1,520

Total current assets		47,034			44,159

Property and Equipment, at cost:
Computers and equipment		8,856			9,162
Furniture and fixtures		963			963
Leasehold improvements		577			605

		10,396			10,730
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization		7,473			8,594

		2,923			2,136

Restricted cash		433			433
Other assets		101			135
Intangible assets, net of amortization		933			583

	$	51,424		$	47,446

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	2,001		$	2,086
Accounts payable		846			1,103
Accrued expenses		5,805			4,959
Deferred revenue		10,255			12,116

Total current liabilities		18,907			20,264

Long-term debt, net of current maturities		2,027			1,196

Stockholders’ Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value-
Authorized-10,000,000 shares, no shares issued as of December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003
Common stock, $0.001 par value-
Authorized-100,000,000 shares as of December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003
Issued-26,802,774 and 27,315,061 shares at December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003, respectively		27			27
Additional paid-in capital		111,204			111,535
Accumulated deficit		(80,195	)		(85,321	)
Deferred compensation		(471	)		(207	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(14	)		13
Treasury stock (740,263 shares of common stock at December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003, at cost)		(61	)		(61	)

Total stockholders’ equity		30,490			25,986

	$	51,424		$	47,446

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CENTRA SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002			2003			2002			2003
Revenues:
License	$	4,244		$	4,613		$	8,077		$	8,978
Software services		1,349			2,093			2,508			3,936
Maintenance and professional services		2,875			3,686			5,393			7,161

Total revenues		8,468			10,392			15,978			20,075

Cost of Revenues:
License		102			133			191			273
Amortization of acquired developed technology		175			175			350			350
Software services(1)		517			551			1,109			1,123
Maintenance and professional services(1)		986			1,084			2,106			2,115

Total cost of revenues		1,780			1,943			3,756			3,861

Gross profit		6,688			8,449			12,222			16,214

Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing(1)		5,397			5,446			10,544			10,842
Product development(1)		2,915			2,984			6,038			5,922
General and administrative(1)		2,066			2,189			3,950			4,514
Compensation charge for issuance of stock options (1)		209			113			427			220
Merger transaction costs		52			—			1,238			—
Restructuring charges		439			—			439			—

Total operating expenses		11,078			10,732			22,636			21,498

Operating loss		(4,390	)		(2,283	)		(10,414	)		(5,284	)
Interest income		208			120			434			228
Interest expense		(47	)		(34	)		(99	)		(75	)
Other income (expense), net		2			(10	)		(3	)		5

Net loss	$	(4,227	)	$	(2,207	)	$	(10,082	)	$	(5,126	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.20	)

Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding		25,437			26,385			25,399			26,231

(1)

Excludes compensation charge for issuance of stock options. The following summarizes the allocation of the compensation charge for issuance of stock options:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002		2003		2002		2003
Cost of service revenues	$	6	$	9	$	12	$	18
Sales and marketing		93		42		190		103
Product development		34		15		71		31
General and administrative		76		47		154		68

Total compensation charge for issuance of stock options	$	209	$	113	$	427	$	220

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CENTRA SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002			2003
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net loss	$	(10,082	)	$	(5,126	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,656			1,476
Provision for bad debt		353			108
Compensation charge for issuance of stock options		439			220
Adjustment to excess capacity reserve		(481	)		—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		3,048			402
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(450	)		(12	)
Accounts payable		(57	)		252
Accrued expenses		(779	)		(893	)
Deferred revenue		958			1,822

Net cash used in operating activities		(5,395	)		(1,751	)

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(841	)		(342	)
Purchase of short-term investments		(26,505	)		(36,080	)
Maturities of short-term investments		37,507			22,801
Restricted cash		(3	)		—
Other assets		(35	)		1

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		10,123			(13,620	)

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock		490			375
Treasury stock buy-back		(18	)		—
Proceeds from term loans		—			255
Payments on term loans		(785	)		(1,000	)
Payments on capital lease obligations		(3	)		—

Net cash used in financing activities		(316	)		(370	)

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		85			108

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		4,497			(15,633	)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		25,424			25,891

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	29,921		$	10,258

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
Cash paid during the period for interest	$	106		$	75

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

CENTRA SOFTWARE, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(1) Operations and Significant Accounting Policies

Centra Software, Inc., together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries (Centra or the Company), is a leading provider of application software and services for the real-time enterprise collaboration, or RTEC, market. Its products and services augment operational business processes to enable real-time, group-oriented human interaction over corporate networks and the Internet to accelerate product introductions, deliver hands-on software application deployments and change-management initiatives, expand training to employees and external channel partners, and facilitate customer interaction and online selling.

On January 16, 2002, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization with SmartForce PLC (SmartForce) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Atlantic Acquisition Corp. (Atlantic). Under the merger agreement, holders of the Company’s common stock would have received 0.425 SmartForce American Depository Shares for each share of the Company’s common stock outstanding at the time of the merger.

On April 2, 2002, the Company entered into a Termination Agreement and Release with SmartForce and Atlantic. Pursuant to the termination agreement, the parties agreed to terminate the merger agreement and the related voting agreements, affiliate agreements and proxies.

On April 19, 2002, Centra adopted a stockholder rights plan. The rights plan is designed to help ensure that all of Centra’s stockholders receive fair and equal treatment in the event of any unsolicited proposal to acquire control of the Company. As part of the rights plan, the Company designated 300,000 shares of our authorized preferred stock as series A preferred stock. The adoption of the stockholder rights plan will affect the rights of holders of the Company’s common stock, and any issuance of shares of series A preferred stock upon exercise of the rights will also affect the rights of holders of common stock.

On April 30, 2001, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger by and among the Company, MindLever.com, Inc. (MindLever) and M-L Acquisition Co. (which has been renamed “Centra RTP, Inc.,” a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company), the Company acquired MindLever, a provider of management systems for learning content, by merging it with and into M-L Acquisition Co. The Company acquired MindLever for approximately $2.9 million in cash, the issuance of 509,745 shares of common stock valued at approximately $3.8 million and acquisition costs in the approximate amount of $512,000, for a total purchase price of approximately $7.2 million. The acquisition was accounted for using the purchase method in accordance with Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 16, Business Combinations.

Centra is subject to certain business risks that could affect future operations and financial performance. These risks include, but are not limited to, rapid technological changes, significant competition, dependence on key individuals, quarterly performance fluctuations, evolution and growth of the real-time enterprise collaboration market, failure to effectively manage changes in our business environment, and our ability to enhance existing products and services and to develop new products and services.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain accounting policies, as described in this note and elsewhere in the notes to consolidated financial statements.

(a) Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Centra and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Centra Software Europe Limited, which was incorporated in the United Kingdom, Centra Software Securities Corporation, a Massachusetts securities corporation, Centra RTP, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Centra Software Southern Europe SAS, which was incorporated in France, Centra Software Nordic ApS, which was incorporated in Denmark and Centra Software Australia Pty. Ltd, which was incorporated in Australia. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 are unaudited, have been prepared on a basis consistent with the December 31, 2002 audited consolidated financial statements and include normal recurring adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair presentation of the results of these periods. These consolidated statements should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the entire year or any other period.

(b) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

(c) Revenue Recognition

Centra follows the specific guidelines of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Statement of Position (SOP) 97-2 Software Revenue Recognition, and SOP 98-9 Modification of SOP 97-2, Software Revenue Recognition, with Respect to Certain Transactions, and related authoritative literature.

Centra derives its revenues from the sale of software licenses, application service provider (ASP) and hosting services, maintenance (post-contract support) and professional services. Maintenance includes telephone support, error correction or bug fixes and rights to upgrades and enhancements on a when-and-if available basis. Centra executes contracts that govern the terms and conditions of each software license, each ASP and hosting agreement and each maintenance and support and other professional services arrangements. These contracts may be elements in a multiple-element arrangement. Revenue under multiple-element arrangements, which may include several different software products and services sold together, is allocated to each element based on the residual method in accordance with SOP 98-9. As described below, significant management judgments and estimates must be made and used in connection with the revenue recognized in any accounting period. Management analyzes various factors, including a review of specific transactions, historical experience, creditworthiness of customers and current market and economic conditions. Changes in judgments based upon these factors could impact the timing and amount of revenue and cost recognized and thus affect the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Centra, generally, licenses its software products on a perpetual basis. Centra applies the provisions of SOP 97-2, as amended by SOP 98-9 to all transactions involving the sale of software products. Centra recognizes revenue from the sale of software licenses when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the product has been delivered, the fees are fixed or determinable and collection of the resulting receivable is reasonably assured. This policy is applicable to all sales to end-users. License sales to distributors or to value-added resellers are recognized when an end-user customer has been identified and all other revenue recognition criteria above have been met. The Company does not offer a right of return on its products.

For all sales, Centra uses either a binding purchase order and/or a signed sales order and a signed license or service agreement as evidence of an arrangement. For arrangements with multiple elements (for example; the sale of a product license along with the sale of maintenance and support, and training and consulting to be delivered later), Centra allocates revenue to each component of the arrangement using the residual value method based on the fair value of the undelivered elements. Centra defers revenue from the arrangement equivalent to the fair value of the undelivered elements and recognizes the remaining amount at the time of shipment or when all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. Fair values for the ongoing maintenance and support obligations are based upon separate sales of renewals of maintenance contracts. Fair value of services, such as training or consulting, is based upon separate sales of these services to other customers.

At the time of the transaction, Centra assesses whether the fee associated with the transaction is fixed or determinable based on the payment terms associated with the transaction. Billings to customers are generally due within 30 to 90 days. However, Centra has offered extended payment terms greater than 90 days but equal to or less than 180 days to certain customers, for which license revenue is recognized upon shipment. These customers are well capitalized and typically have entered into larger scale license arrangements with us. Centra believes that it has sufficient history of collecting all amounts within the stated terms under these types of arrangements to conclude that the fee is fixed or determinable at the time license revenue is recognized. In addition, Centra assesses whether collection is probable or not, based on the creditworthiness of the customer. Initial creditworthiness is assessed through Dun & Bradstreet, similar credit rating agencies or the customer’s audited financial statements. Creditworthiness for transactions to existing customers is assessed through a review of their prior payment history. Centra does not request collateral from its customers. If the Company determines that collection of a fee is not reasonably assured, the Company will defer the recognition of revenue until such time collection becomes reasonably assured, which is generally upon the receipt of payment.

Revenues from start-up fees associated with our ASP service are recognized over the contract period or estimated life of the ASP relationship, whichever is greater. Revenues related to ASP services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the period that the ASP services are provided, or on an as-used basis if defined in the contract. Revenues for hosting services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term that the hosting services are provided. Also, in instances where Centra hosts a customer’s purchased software on our server and network, Centra also provides the customer a copy of the software in addition to the one we keep on our server, and recognizes the license revenue for the purchased software in accordance with our revenue recognition policy for licensed software as discussed above and in accordance with EITF 00-3, Application of SOP 97-2 to Arrangements that Include the Rights to Use Software Stored on Another Entity’s Hardware.

Revenues from maintenance and support services are recognized ratably on a straight-line basis over the term that the maintenance service is provided. Revenues from consulting and education services are recognized either as the services are performed, ratably over a subscription period, or upon completing a project milestone if defined in the agreement. Consulting and education services, including implementation, are not considered essential to the functionality of our products as these services do not alter the product capabilities, do not require specialized skills and may be performed by the customer or other vendors.

Centra records, as deferred revenues, any billed amounts due from customers in excess of revenues recognized. Deferred revenues consist principally of maintenance and support, ASP and hosting services and consulting and education services.

(d) Cash, Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Investments

Centra considers all highly liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Centra’s cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following at December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003 (in thousands, unaudited):

	December 31, 2002		June 30, 2003
Cash and cash equivalents-
Cash	$	2,421	$	2,045
Money market accounts and federal agency notes		23,470		8,213

Total cash and cash equivalents	$	25,891	$	10,258

Centra accounts for its short-term investments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. Under SFAS No. 115, investments for which Centra has the positive intent and the ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost, which approximates fair market value. At December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003, Centra’s short-term investments consisted of the following (in thousands, unaudited):

	December 31, 2002		June 30, 2003
Short-term investments-
Federal agency notes (average 223 and 227 days remaining to maturity for the periods ended December 31, 2002 and June 30, 2003, respectively)	$	12,353	$	25,632

Total short-term investments	$	12,353	$	25,632

(e) Restricted Cash

Restricted cash represents time deposits held at financial institutions in connection with the Company’s lease of office space. As of June 30, 2003, restricted cash represented the security for outstanding letters of credit expiring in September 2004 and July 2005. The letter of credit expiring in September 2004 is for $300,000 of which, $100,000 will be refunded to the Company as of September 1, 2003 and the letter of credit will be reduced to $200,000 for the remainder of the lease. The letter of credit expiring in July 2005 is for $233,000 that may be recovered by withholding the final payments due under the lease at the end of the lease term.

(f) Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets

Centra reviews the valuation of long-lived assets, including property and equipment and acquired capitalized software costs, under the provisions of SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets and SFAS No. 86, Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Otherwise Marketed. Under these provisions, Centra is required to assess the recoverability of long-lived assets and acquired capitalized software costs whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable at the end of each reporting period. Factors that Centra considers important that could trigger an impairment review of long-lived assets include the following:

•

significant underperformance relative to expected historical or projected future operating results;

•

significant changes in the manner of our use of the acquired assets or the strategy of our overall business;

•

significant negative industry or economic trends;

•

significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period and

•

Centra’s market capitalization relative to net book value.

In accordance with SFAS No. 144, when Centra determines that the carrying value of applicable long-lived assets may not be recoverable based upon the existence of one or more of the above indicators, the Company then evaluates whether the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of that asset. If so, then the Company would measure an impairment as the amount by which the carrying amount of the particular long-lived asset or group exceeds its fair value. Centra would determine the fair value based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by Centra’s management to be commensurate with the risk inherent in its current business model or through an independent appraisal of individual assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 86, when Centra determines that the carrying value of its acquired capitalized software costs may not be recoverable, it evaluates whether the unamortized cost exceeds the expected future net realizable value of the products. If the unamortized costs exceed the expected future net realizable value of the products, the excess amount is written off. Changes in judgments on any of these factors could impact the value of the asset being evaluated.

Intangible assets, net of amortization, consists of acquired technology that resulted from the acquisition of MindLever.com during 2001. We account for these intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 86. The acquired technology long-lived asset is being amortized on a straight line over its estimated life of 3 years.

(g) Comprehensive Loss

The Company applies the provisions of SFAS No. 130, Reporting Comprehensive Income, which establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income and its components in the consolidated financial statements. Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The only components of comprehensive loss reported by the Company are net loss and foreign currency translation adjustment and are as follows for the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 (in thousands, unaudited):

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002			2003
Net loss	$	(10,082	)	$	(5,126	)
Foreign currency translation adjustment		41			27

Comprehensive loss	$	(10,041	)	$	(5,099	)

(h) Net Loss Per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share are presented in conformity with SFAS No. 128, Earnings Per Share, for all periods presented. In accordance with SFAS No. 128, basic and diluted net loss per share have been computed by dividing the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, less shares subject to repurchase, into the net loss attributable to common stockholders.

Basic and diluted net loss per share are as follows, (in thousands, except per share amounts, unaudited):

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002			2003			2002			2003
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(4,227	)	$	(2,207	)	$	(10,082	)	$	(5,126	)

Basic and diluted shares:
Weighted average shares of common and series A and B preferred stock outstanding		25,531			26,402			25,493			26,248
Less: Weighted average shares subject to repurchase		(94	)		(17	)		(94	)		(17	)

Weighted average shares of common and series A and B preferred stock outstanding used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share		25,437			26,385			25,399			26,231

Basic and diluted net loss per share	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.20	)

Options to purchase a total of 5,975,000 and 6,401,000 common shares have not been included in the computation of diluted net loss per share for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003, respectively. These shares are considered anti-dilutive, as Centra has recorded a net loss for all periods presented.

(i) Stock-Based Compensation

Centra accounts for stock-based compensation for employees and directors under APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and elected the disclosure-only alternative under SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. The Company has computed the pro forma disclosures required under SFAS No. 123 for stock options granted to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

The pro forma effects of applying SFAS No. 123 are as follows for the three and six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003 (in thousands, except per share data, unaudited):

	For the three months ended June 30,						For the six months ended June 30,
	2002			2003			2002			2003
Net loss, as reported	$	(4,227	)	$	(2,207	)	$	(10,082	)	$	(5,126	)
Deduct: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards, net of related tax effects	$	(1,708	)	$	(1,223	)	$	(3,273	)	$	(2,543	)

Net loss, as adjusted	$	(5,935	)	$	(3,430	)	$	(13,355	)	$	(7,669	)

Basic and diluted net loss per share-
As reported	$	(0.17	)	$	(0.08	)	$	(0.40	)	$	(0.20	)
Pro forma	$	(0.24	)	$	(0.12	)	$	(0.53	)	$	(0.30	)

The Black-Scholes option-pricing model was developed for use in estimating the fair value of traded options that have no vesting restrictions and are fully transferable. In addition, option-pricing models require the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected stock price volatility. Centra’s employee stock options have characteristics significantly different from those of traded options, therefore, changes in the subjective input assumptions can materially affect the fair value estimate. In management’s opinion, the existing models do not necessarily provide a reliable single measure of the fair value of its employee stock options.

(j) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2002, the FASB issued FIN No. 45 Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others an interpretation of SFAS No.’s 5, 57, and 107 and rescission of FASB Interpretation No. 34. The Interpretation requires that a guarantor recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken by issuing the guarantee. The Interpretation also requires additional disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its interim and annual financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees it has issued. The accounting requirements for the initial recognition of guarantees are applicable on a prospective basis for guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The disclosure requirements are effective during the first quarter of 2003 for all guarantees outstanding, regardless of when they were issued or modified. The adoption of FIN No. 45 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of our agreements that we have determined are within the scope of FIN No. 45.

We enter into standard indemnification agreements in our ordinary course of business. Pursuant to these agreements, we indemnify, hold harmless, and agree to reimburse the indemnified party for losses suffered or incurred by the indemnified party, generally our business partners or customers, in connection with any patent or any copyright or other intellectual property infringement claim by any third party with respect to our products. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual. The maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is unlimited. We have never incurred costs to defend lawsuits or settle claims related to these indemnification agreements. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2003.

We warrant that our software products will perform in all material respects in accordance with our standard published specifications in effect at the time of delivery of the licensed products to the customer for 90 days. Additionally, we warrant that our maintenance services will be performed consistent with generally accepted industry standards through completion of the agreed upon services. If necessary, we would provide for the estimated cost of product and service warranties based on specific warranty claims and claim history, however, we have never incurred any significant expenses under our product or service warranties. Accordingly, we have no liabilities recorded for these agreements as of June 30, 2003.

In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 146, Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities. SFAS No. 146 requires companies to recognize costs associated with exit or disposal activities when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. This statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2002. The adoption of SFAS No. 146 did not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure. SFAS No. 148 amends SFAS No. 123, to provide alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation. In addition, SFAS No. 148 amends the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 to require prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The transition guidance and annual disclosure provisions of SFAS No. 148 are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The interim disclosure provisions are effective for financial reports containing financial statements for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2002. As we did not make a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation in 2002, the adoption of SFAS No. 148 did not have a material impact on our financial position and results of operations.

In January 2003, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, and Interpretation of ARB No. 51. Interpretation No. 46 clarifies Accounting Research Bulletin (ARB) No. 51, Consolidated Financial Statements, related to whether companies should consolidate certain entities, called variable interest entities. Interpretation No. 46 is effective immediately for variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003 and for interim periods beginning after June 15, 2003 for which a variable interest was in place prior to February 1, 2003. The Company does not expect the adoption of this Interpretation to have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In April 2003, FASB issued SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, which amends and clarifies financial accounting and reporting for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts (collectively referred to as derivatives) and for hedging activities under SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. SFAS No. 149 is effective prospectively for contracts entered into or modified after June 30, 2003, except as stated below and for hedging relationships designated after June 30, 2003. The provisions of this Statement that relate to SFAS No. 133 Implementation Issues that have been effective for fiscal quarters that began prior to June 15, 2003, should continue to be applied in accordance with their respective effective dates. In addition, paragraphs 7(a) and 23(a), which relate to forward purchases or sales of when-issued securities or other securities that do not yet exist, should be applied to both existing contracts and new contracts entered into after June 30, 2003. The Company does not expect the adoption of this Statement to have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

In May 2003, FASB issued SFAS No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity, which establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. SFAS No. 150 is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003, except for mandatory redeemable preferred financial instruments of nonpublic entities. It is to be implemented by reporting the cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle for financial instruments created before the issuance date of the Statement and still existing at the beginning of the interim period of adoption. Restatement is not permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of this Statement to have a material impact on its financial condition or results of operations.

(2) Segment Information

SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information, establishes standards for reporting information regarding operating segments and establishes standards for related disclosures about products and services and geographic areas. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete financial information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in making decisions regarding resource allocation and assessing performance.

Centra operates solely in one segment, the development, sales and marketing of software products and related services. Centra’s revenues by geographic area are as follows (based on location of customer, unaudited):

	Three months ended June 30,				Six months ended June 30,
	2002		2003		2002		2003
United States	81	%	79	%	74	%	78	%
Europe	16	%	13	%	20	%	14	%
Other	3	%	8	%	6	%	8	%

There are no significant long-lived assets located outside of the United States.

(3) Contingencies

Securities Class Action Lawsuit

Centra, certain of its officers and directors and the managing underwriters of Centra’s initial public offering were named as defendants in an action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The plaintiffs filed an initial complaint on December 6, 2001 and purported to serve the Centra defendants on or about March 18, 2002. The original complaint has been superseded by an amended complaint (complaint) filed in April 2002. The action, captioned in re Centra Software, Inc. Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, No. 01 CV 10988, which is being coordinated with an action captioned in re Initial Public Offering Securities Litigation, No. 21 MC 92, is purportedly brought on behalf of the class of persons who purchased Centra’s common stock between February 3, 2000 and December 6, 2000. The complaint asserts claims under Sections 11 and 15 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The complaint alleges that, in connection with Centra’s initial public offering in February 2000, the underwriters received undisclosed commissions from certain investors in exchange for allocating shares to them and also agreed to allocate shares to certain customers in exchange for the agreement of those customers to purchase additional shares in the after-market at pre-determined prices. The complaint asserts that Centra’s registration statement and prospectus for the offering were materially false and misleading due to their failure to disclose these alleged arrangements. The complaint seeks damages in an unspecified amount against Centra and the named individuals. The underwriter defendants and the Centra defendants joined in motions to dismiss the above-reference action on July 3 and July 15, 2002, respectively. On October 9, 2002, the plaintiffs dismissed, without prejudice, the claims against the named Centra officers and directors in the above-referenced action. On February 19, 2003, the court issued an order denying the motion to dismiss as to Centra and other defendants. On June 7, 2003, the plaintiffs announced a proposed settlement with all issuers, including Centra. Centra presently plans to participate in this settlement, which is expected to be funded by Centra’s insurers. The settlement is subject to finalization and court approval. No amount has been accrued related to this matter and legal costs incurred in the defense of the matter are being expensed as incurred.

Winstar Bankruptcy Claim

The Company has been named as a defendant in an adversary proceeding arising out of the Winstar Communications, Inc. bankruptcy, which converted to a case under Chapter 7 on January 24, 2002. The claim alleges that Centra received a preferential transfer from the Debtor in the amount of $128,650, which amount was payment in full for a software license and maintenance support beginning September 2000. The bankruptcy trustee filed suit against Centra, along with numerous other entities, on April 8, 2003. Centra was served with the complaint in August 2003. Centra intends to defend against the claim and to assert several defenses, including that the transaction was in the ordinary course, a contemporaneous exchange for new value and that Centra gave subsequent new value to Winstar post-transfer.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “plans,” “expects,” “anticipates,” and similar expressions identify such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on current expectations and entail various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference include, among other things, those set forth under “Overview,” “Critical Accounting Policies,” “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” and “Factors That Could Affect Future Results” and those appearing elsewhere in this report. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof. The Company assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in factors or assumptions affecting forward-looking statements.

Overview

Centra is a leading provider of software and services for the real-time enterprise collaboration, or RTEC, market. Our products and services enable real-time, group-oriented human interaction and content management over corporate networks and the Internet. Furthermore, our products and services are designed to enhance strategic business processes across the extended enterprise through the added convenience, speed, and cost-savings of “live” online activity. Our customers use the products to accelerate product introductions, deliver hands-on software application deployments and change-management initiatives, expand employee and partner training, and facilitate customer interaction and online selling. In addition, we support our customers’ deployments through other revenue-generating activities, such as priced programs for online education and the delivery of collaborative services on the Web. We also offer various levels of consulting and support services that enable customers to successfully implement our products in their organizations.

Our products are available as packaged software applications, hosted services, and on a subscription basis through our application service provider, or ASP, offerings. Our products and services support a range of convenient business interactions online, including real-time virtual learning, large-scale Web conferences and interactive Web meetings. Each real-time collaboration interface includes capabilities for voice-over-the-Internet-protocol, or VoIP, audio conferencing, application sharing, real-time data exchange, shared workspaces, and facilities for session recording and playback. These products and services allow organizations to increase the productivity of their members and enhance the effectiveness of knowledge transfer while reducing travel, facilities and telecommunications costs.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of our financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition and the valuation of long-lived assets. Management bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company’s critical accounting policies are summarized in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the caption “Critical Accounting Policies.” We have reviewed those policies and determined that they remain our critical accounting policies for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003. We did not make any changes to those policies during this period.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth operating data expressed as percentages of total revenues for each period indicated.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2002		2003		2002		2003
Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:
Revenues:
License	50	%	44	%	50	%	45	%
Software services	16		20		16		19
Maintenance and professional services	34		36		34		36

Total revenues	100		100		100		100

Cost of Revenues:
License	1		1		1		1
Amortization of acquired developed technology	2		2		2		2
Software services	6		5		7		6
Maintenance and professional services(1)	12		11		13		10

Total cost of revenues	21		19		23		19

Gross profit	79		81		77		81

Operating Expenses:
Sales and marketing(1)	64		52		66		54
Product development(1)	35		29		38		30
General and administrative(1)	24		21		25		22
Compensation charge for issuance of stock options (1)	2		1		2		1
Merger transaction costs	1		—		8		—
Restructuring charges	5		—		3		—

Total operating expenses	131		103		142		107

Operating loss	(52	)	(22	)	(65	)	(26	)
Other income, net	2		1		2		1

Net loss	(50	)%	(21	)%	(63	)%	(25	)%

(1)

Excludes compensation charge for issuance of stock options, which is presented in the aggregate in a single line item below. See Note 1 to consolidated statements of operations.

Comparison of three months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003

Revenues. Total revenues increased by $1.9 million, or 23%, to $10.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $8.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase reflects higher follow-on and recurring sales into our installed base of customers. Overall, we believe that revenue growth will continue to be modest for the next couple of quarters as constraints on technology spending continue. However, we believe that with the continued expansion of our distribution channels, including telesales and the addition of new value-added resellers and integrated technology solution providers for North America, along with the launch of our latest product release, Centra 7, in June 2003, new account acquisition and add-on business from our existing customers will increase.

•

Software license revenues increased by $369,000, or 9%, to $4.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $4.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase resulted from an increase in the number of software license transactions sold during the quarter. Software license revenues represented 44% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003, compared to 50% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002.

•

Software services revenues, which includes our ASP and hosting services, increased by $744,000, or 55%, to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase resulted from added growth in new ASP accounts and continued high renewal rates for our ASP subscriptions. We expect software services revenues to continue to grow as we believe that a significant percentage of customers will prefer to purchase an ASP service due to a lower initial purchase cost and because ASP software licenses do not require the licensee to maintain an IT infrastructure or resources to deploy our software licenses onsite. However, we can give no assurances that we will continue to achieve similar rates of ASP renewals or that our ASP service revenues will grow in future periods. Software services revenues represented 20% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003, compared to 16% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002.

•

Maintenance and professional services revenues, which includes our maintenance, consulting and education services, increased by $811,000, or 28%, to $3.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in the total number of renewals of annual maintenance and support contracts, and an increase in education services revenues. We expect services revenues to continue to increase in future periods as our installed base of license-based users grows and new maintenance contracts are added. The rate of the increase may vary from period to period, depending primarily upon the value of new maintenance contracts added. Any increases may be offset by non-renewals of any maintenance contracts. Professional services and maintenance revenues represented 36% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 compared to 34% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002.

Cost of license revenues. Cost of license revenues increased by $31,000, or 30%, to $133,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $102,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was attributable to both higher fixed royalty costs and higher variable royalty costs as the result of a higher volume of license sales transactions. Since a significant portion of our license costs represents royalties charged on a per unit rate of product sold, we expect that cost of license revenues will vary in the future depending upon the unit volume and mix of products sold. However, we believe the overall cost of license revenues per unit will decline in the short term as the latest version of our products (released in June 2003), excludes some third-party technologies that were subject to royalties and included in the previous version of our products. Cost of license revenues was 3% of license revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 2% of license revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002.

Amortization of acquired developed technology. In connection with our acquisition of MindLever in April 2001, we allocated approximately $2.1 million to acquired developed technology, which is being amortized over a three-year estimated useful life. Amortization of acquired developed technology was $175,000 for both the three months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003.

Cost of software services revenues. Our cost of software service revenues includes (1) salaries and related expenses for our ASP and hosted services organizations, (2) an overhead allocation consisting primarily of that portion of our facilities, communications and depreciation expenses that is attributable to providing these services, (3) a technical support allocation consisting primarily of a portion of our technical support expenses that is attributable to providing technical support to our ASP customer base and (4) direct costs related to our hosting and ASP service offerings. Cost of software services revenues increased by $34,000, or 7%, to $551,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $517,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2002. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our new ASP customer base. Cost of software services revenues was 26% of software services revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 38% of software services revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. We anticipate that the cost of software services revenues will increase in absolute dollars to the extent that we continue to expand the capacity of our ASP service beyond current capacity to meet demand.

Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues. Our cost of maintenance and professional services revenues includes (1) salaries and related expenses for our consulting, education and technical support services organizations and (2) an overhead allocation consisting primarily of that portion of facilities, communications and depreciation expenses that is attributable to providing these services. Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues increased by $98,000, or 10%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. This increase was primarily due to an increase in headcount and related expenses in our technical support, consulting and education organizations to address the needs of a larger customer base. Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues was 29% of maintenance and professional services revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 34% of maintenance and professional services revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. We anticipate that the cost of maintenance and professional services revenues will increase slightly quarter to quarter in absolute dollars to the extent that we continue to generate new customers and associated services revenues.

Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses remained relatively flat at $5.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, compared with the three months ended June 30, 2002. However, certain expenses related to salaries and bonuses increased during the three months ended June 30, 2003 over the three months ended June 30, 2002. Offsetting these increases were decreases in recruiting and employment fees, marketing activities related to trade shows and advertising and field sales operating expenses. Sales and marketing expenses were 52% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 64% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. In the future, we expect sales and marketing expenses to increase as revenues increase but decline as a percentage of revenues.

Product development expenses. Product development expenses increased slightly by $69,000, or 2%, to $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $2.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was primarily due to an increase in consulting services for software integration with third party software products and costs related to the launch of the latest version of our products which was released in June 2003. Product development expenses were 29% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 35% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. We expect product development expenses to increase slightly in absolute dollars in future periods as we make additional investments to further develop and localize new, and enhance existing, products to address the real-time enterprise collaboration market.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $123,000, or 6%, to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was due primarily to increased consulting, legal, and audit costs associated with compliance with the recently enacted regulations for public companies, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. General and administrative expenses were 21% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003 and 24% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2002. We anticipate that general and administrative expenses will increase in the third quarter of 2003 by approximately $750,000, of which approximately $450,000 is for severance charges and approximately $300,000 is for the non-cash stock compensation charge for the modification of stock options, all related to the separation of our current president and chief operating officer. In addition to these severance costs, we expect that our general and administrative expenses, primarily legal, audit and consulting expenses, will increase slightly as a result of complying with these new, and any additional, regulations pertaining to public companies.

Compensation charge for issuance of stock options. We incurred a charge of $113,000 or 1% of total revenues for the three months ended June 30, 2003, a decrease of $96,000 from $209,000 or 2% of total revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2002, related to the issuance of stock options with an exercise price lower than the fair market value on the date of grant during 1999 and 2000. These options, which vest over periods of between four and five years, will result in additional compensation expense of approximately $207,000 through February 2005. The decrease was attributable to the cancellation of some of these options upon termination of employment by the option holders.

Merger transaction costs. In the three months ended June 30, 2002, we recorded a charge of $52,000 for costs incurred related to the proposed merger with SmartForce. The costs consisted primarily of advisory, legal and retainer fees. There were no merger transaction costs in the three-month period ended June 30, 2003. We do not expect to incur any further costs related to this transaction.

Restructuring charges. In the three months ended June 30, 2002, we recorded a charge of $439,000 related to a reduction of the Company’s workforce in April, 2002. The charges consist primarily of severance payments, benefits and outplacement services. There were no restructuring charges in the three-month period ended June 30, 2003. The Company does not expect to incur any further charges related to this restructuring.

Interest income. Interest income decreased by $88,000 to $120,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $208,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2002. Interest income consists of interest on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. The decrease reflects declines in both the balances of, and interest rates for, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Interest expense and other income or expense, net. Interest expense decreased by $13,000 to $34,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from $47,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2002. The decrease was due to a reduction in interest on our term loans as the result of a decrease in the bank’s prime interest rate. Other income or expense, net, changed by $12,000 to reflect a net expense of $10,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2003, from a net income of $2,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2002, resulting from changes in net foreign exchange gains and losses.

Comparison of six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003

Revenues. Total revenues increased by $4.1 million, or 26%, to $20.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $16.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase reflects higher follow-on and recurring sales into our installed base of customers in all regions.

•

Software license revenues increased by $901,000, or 11%, to $9.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $8.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase resulted from an increase in the number of software license transactions sold during the first half. Software license revenues represented 45% of total revenues for the six months ended 2003, compared to 50% of total revenues for the six months ended 2002.

•

Software services revenues increased by $1.4 million, or 57%, to $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $2.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase resulted from added growth in new ASP accounts and continued high renewal rates for our ASP subscriptions. Software services revenues represented 19% of total revenues for the six months ended 2003, compared to 16% of total revenues for the six months ended 2002.

•

Maintenance and professional services revenues increased by $1.8 million, or 33%, to $7.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $5.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase reflects an increase in the total number of renewals of annual maintenance and support contracts and an increase in education services revenues. Professional services and maintenance revenues represented 36% of total revenues for the six months ended 2003 compared to 34% of total revenues for the six months ended 2002.

Cost of license revenues. Cost of license revenues increased by $82,000, or 43%, to $273,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $191,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2002. Cost of license revenues was 3% of license revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2% of license revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was attributable to both higher fixed royalty costs and higher variable royalty costs as the result of a higher volume of license sales transactions.

Amortization of acquired developed technology. Amortization of acquired developed technology was $350,000 related to our April 2001 acquisition of MindLever.com, for both the six months ended June 30, 2002 and 2003.

Cost of software services revenues. Cost of software services revenues remained relatively flat for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 at $1.1 million. Cost of software services revenues was 29% of software services revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 44% of software services revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002.

Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues. Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues remained relatively flat for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002 at $2.1 million. Cost of maintenance and professional services revenues was 30% of maintenance and professional services revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 39% of maintenance and professional services revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002.

Sales and marketing expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $298,000, or 3%, to $10.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $10.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was primarily attributable to increased sales commissions and bonuses due to increased revenues and a higher effective commission rate and increased salaries related to sales and marketing personnel. These increases were partially offset by decreases in marketing activities related to tradeshow and advertising expenses and a reduction in bad debt expense reflecting an unplanned increase in specific bad debt expense incurred in 2002. Sales and marketing expenses were 54% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 66% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002.

Product development expenses. Product development expenses decreased by $116,000, or 2%, to $5.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $6.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in localization costs and depreciation expense offset by increased costs associated with consulting services for software integration with third-party software products. Product development expenses were 30% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 38% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002.

General and administrative expenses. General and administrative expenses increased by $564,000, or 14%, to $4.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $3.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The increase was attributable to recruiting costs incurred in the first quarter related to our announced search for a new president and chief executive officer and increased legal, audit and consulting costs associated with compliance of the recently enacted regulations for public companies, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. General and administrative expenses were 22% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 25% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2002.

Compensation charge for issuance of stock options. We incurred a charge of $220,000 or 1% of total revenues for the six months ended June 30, 2003, a decrease of $207,000 from $427,000, or 2% of total revenues, in the six months ended June 30, 2002, related to the issuance of stock options with an exercise price lower than the fair market value on the date of grant during 1999 and 2000. The decrease was attributable to the cancellation of some of these options upon termination of employment of the option holders.

Merger transaction costs. In the six months ended June 30, 2002, we recorded a charge of $1.2 million for costs incurred related to the proposed merger with SmartForce. The costs consisted primarily of advisory, legal and retainer fees. There were no merger transaction costs in the six-month period ended June 30, 2003. We do not expect to incur any further costs related to this transaction.

Restructuring charges. In the six months ended June 30, 2002, we recorded a charge of $439,000 related to a reduction of the Company’s workforce in April, 2002. The charges consist primarily of severance payments, benefits and outplacement services. There were no restructuring charges in the six-month period ended June 30, 2003. The Company does not expect to incur any further charges related to this restructuring.

Interest income. Interest income decreased by $206,000 to $228,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $434,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2002. Interest income consists of interest on our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. The decrease reflects a decline in both the balances of, and interest rates for, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.

Interest expense and other income or expense, net. Interest expense decreased by $24,000 to $75,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from $99,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2002. The decrease was due to a reduction in interest on our term loans as the result of a decrease in the bank’s prime interest rate. Other income or expense, net, changed by $8,000 to a net income of $5,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003, from a net expense of $3,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2002, resulting from changes in net foreign exchange gains and losses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2003, we had cash and cash equivalents of $10.3 million and short-term investments of $25.6 million, a decrease of $15.6 million of cash and cash equivalents from $25.9 million at December 31, 2002, and an increase of $13.3 million of short-term investments from $12.4 million as of December 31, 2002. The net combined decrease of $2.4 million for cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments resulted primarily from cash used to fund operations, including cash used for repayment of term loans of $1.0 million. Our working capital as of June 30, 2003 was $23.9 million, compared to $28.1 million as of December 31, 2002.

Cash used in operating activities was $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003, primarily due to a net loss of $5.1 million, partially offset by an increase in deferred revenue of $1.8 million related primarily to increases in ASP subscriptions and maintenance contracts, non-cash expenses of $1.8 million and a decrease in accounts receivable of $402,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2002, our operating activities had resulted in net cash outflows of $5.4 million due to a net loss of $10.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in accounts receivable of $3.0 million, non-cash expenses of $2.4 million and an increase in deferred revenue of $1.0 million.

Cash used in investing activities was $13.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003. Investing activities consisted of purchases of short-term marketable securities of $36.1 million and purchases of $342,000 of property and equipment to support current operations, offset by maturities of short-term marketable securities of $22.8 million. Net cash provided by investing activities was $10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2002, resulting from maturities of short-term marketable securities of $37.5 million, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $26.5 million and purchases of $841,000 of property and equipment to support operations.

Cash used in financing activities was $370,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003 related to payments made on our equipment line of credit/term loan facility of $1.0 million. Partially offsetting the cash used in financing activities were receipts from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan or from the exercise of stock options of $375,000 and proceeds from drawings under our equipment line of credit/term loan facility of $255,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2003. Cash used in financing activities was $316,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2002 resulting primarily from payments made on our equipment line of credit/term loan facility of $785,000, offset by receipts from the issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan or from the exercise of stock options of $490,000.

Centra has an equipment line of credit/term loan facility, with a bank. On December 22, 2000, May 4, 2001 and September 26, 2002, Centra amended its equipment line of credit agreement to allow for additional borrowings of $2.0, $2.5 and $1.8 million, respectively, of which the balance owed to the bank at June 30, 2003 was $3.3 million. Interest is payable monthly based on the prime rate (4.25% at June 30, 2003) plus 0.50%. Amounts owed are payable in 36 equal monthly installments beginning on October 1, 2001. All borrowings are secured by substantially all of Centra’s assets. The current amended equipment line of credit requires Centra to maintain a minimum balance of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $25 million and to hold 25% of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments in a combination of either operating, deposit or investment accounts at the bank. At June 30, 2003, the Company was in compliance with the covenants under the equipment line of credit and the availability for borrowings under the current line has been fully used.

Capital expenditures totaled $342,000 and $841,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2003 and 2002, respectively. Our capital expenditures consisted of purchases of assets to manage our internal operations and our ASP service, including computer hardware and software, office furniture and equipment and leasehold improvements. Purchases of computer equipment represent the largest component of our capital expenditures. We expect capital expenditures to increase from their current levels in 2003 for the remainder of 2003 as we continue to enhance our ASP service infrastructure and improve our internal information systems. Since inception, we have generally funded capital expenditures either through the use of working capital or with bank equipment loans.

Days sales outstanding, or DSO (calculated as net accounts receivable divided by revenue per day for the previous 90 days), at June 30, 2003 was 58 days, an increase of four days compared to DSO as of March 31, 2003 and a decline of 11 days compared to DSO as of December 31, 2002. Any increase or decrease in our accounts receivable balance will affect our cash flow from operations and liquidity. Our accounts receivable and DSO may increase due to changes in factors such as the timing of when sales are invoiced and the length of our customer’s payment cycle. Historically, international customers and resellers pay at a slower rate than domestic customers. An increase in revenue generated from international customers and resellers may increase our DSO and accounts receivable balance. Also, due to the current economic climate, we may observe an increase in the length of our domestic customers’ payment cycle. To the extent that our accounts receivable balance increases, we may incur increased bad debt expense and will be subject to greater general credit risks.

In the past, we experienced a period of rapid growth that resulted in significant increases in our operating expenses. More recently, due to economic conditions beyond our control, we have made considerable efforts to reduce our operating expenses through constrained spending and reductions in workforce. We anticipate that our operating expenses in the immediate future will remain relatively flat as we continue our cost containment efforts. While we anticipate that our operating expenses and capital expenditures will constitute a material use of our cash resources, we may also utilize cash resources to fund acquisitions or investments in businesses, technologies, products or services that are complementary to our business. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalent balances together with our short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. However, thereafter, we may need to raise additional funds to support our operations, or acquire complementary businesses or technologies. If we seek to raise additional funds through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders would be reduced. Furthermore, the securities could have rights, preferences or privileges senior to our common stock. See “Factors That Could Affect Future Results – We may require additional funds” in this Item 2.

Commitments and Contingencies

As of June 30, 2003, our primary financial commitments consisted of obligations outstanding under long-term debt, capital and operating leases and other contractual obligations. In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002, we included under the heading “Commitments” a table setting forth the Company’s commitments and contingencies as of that date.

On April 8, 2003, Centra was named as a defendant in an adversary proceeding arising out of the Winstar Communications, Inc. bankruptcy. See “Legal Proceedings.”

In January 2003, we announced a management succession plan and initiated a search for a new president and chief executive officer to succeed our current president and our current chief executive officer. On July 31, 2003, we announced that Paul R. Gudonis was joining the Company as president and chief executive officer and as a director, that Leon Navickas would remain as chairman of the board and would continue to serve as the Company’s chief strategy officer, and that Anthony J. Mark, Centra’s president and chief operating officer, would be retiring after a brief transition period. In order to retain Messrs. Navickas and Mark during the search process, and to effect an orderly transition, we negotiated new employment agreements with each of them, which were finalized and executed in July 2003. Under the agreements, if either officer is terminated without cause, or resigns after the date on which a new chief executive officer is appointed (or in Mr. Marks’ case after a brief transition period), he will be entitled to receive his base salary, target annual bonus and certain benefits for a period of one year. If the employment of both executive officers terminated under circumstances triggering our severance obligation, we would incur approximately $900,000 in cash costs associated with their termination. We would account for these costs as expenses during the period in which the terminations took place, and we would pay the sums over the 12-month period following termination. Additionally, we would incur non-cash expenses relating to options held by the departing executive. In Mr. Mark’s case, we expect to incur cash costs of approximately $450,000, and to recognize a non-cash expense of approximately $300,000 relating to the modification of certain options held by him, in the quarter ending September 30, 2003.

Factors That Could Affect Future Results

As defined under the safe harbor provisions of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, some of the matters discussed in this filing contain “forward-looking statements” regarding future events that are subject to risks and uncertainties. The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those described by such statements. These factors include, but are not limited to: estimates, assumptions and judgments relating to our critical accounting policies, technological difficulties, the results of future research, uncertainty of product demand and market acceptance for our Centra 7 enterprise application, our ASP service and our other current and future products, the effect of economic conditions, quarterly fluctuations in our operating results attributable to the timing and amount of orders for our products and services, our ability to maintain our leadership position in collaborative eLearning and to successfully address opportunities in the real-time communication and collaboration arena, the impact of competitive products and pricing, and other risk factors contained in the section titled “Factors That Could Affect Future Results” beginning on page 34 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2002. If any of these factors actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed and the trading price of our common stock could decline. There is no assurance that we will be able to implement our operating plans as anticipated or achieve projected revenue and earnings goals.

Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ from the forward-looking statements described above include, but are not limited to, the factors outlined below.

Our periodic operating results may fluctuate significantly. This makes it more difficult to predict our future financial performance and increases the likelihood that our results for a particular period could fall below the expectations of investors, which could cause the price of our stock to drop rapidly and/or severely.

We have in the past experienced fluctuations in our period operating results and anticipate that such fluctuations will continue and could intensify in the future. As a result, it is likely that in one or more future quarters our results of operations will be below the expectations of public investors. This could adversely affect the price of our common stock. For example, in October 2001, we announced revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2001 that were substantially lower than had been expected by the investment community. As a result of this announcement, the trading price of our common stock declined approximately 33% by the end of the following trading day.

Our operating results have fluctuated, and may continue to fluctuate, as a result of a number of factors, including:

•

the evolution of the market for eLearning and real-time enterprise collaboration solutions;

•

market acceptance of our products and services;

•

our success and timing in developing and introducing new products and enhancements to existing products;

•

the introduction of products and services by current and new competitors;

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pricing policies by us or our competitors;

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the length of our sales cycle;

•

customer buying patterns and

•

general market and economic conditions beyond the control of management.

Most of our expenses, such as employee compensation and rent, are relatively fixed. Moreover, our expense levels are based, in part, on our expectations regarding future revenues. As a result, any shortfall in revenues in relation to our expectations could result in increased period losses.

Our future success depends to a significant degree on our senior management team.

On July 31, 2003, we announced that Paul R. Gudonis was joining the Company as president and chief executive officer and as a director, that Leon Navickas would remain as chairman of the board and would continue to serve as the company’s chief strategy officer, and that Anthony Mark, our president and chief operating officer, would be retiring after a brief transition period. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to carry out this transition. Changes in our management team or the inability of our executive officers and key employees to work effectively as a team could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We have incurred substantial losses in the past and may not achieve profitability in the future.

Since we began operations, we have incurred substantial net losses in every fiscal period. We cannot predict when we will become profitable, if at all, and if we do, we may not remain profitable for any substantial period of time. If we fail to achieve profitability within the time frame expected by investors, the market price of our common stock may fall. We had net losses of $13.9 million in 2000, $16.7 million in 2001, $22.5 million in 2002 and $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2003. As a result of ongoing operating losses, we had an accumulated deficit of $85.3 million at June 30, 2003. We expect to continue to incur significant sales and marketing, product development and general and administrative expenses and, as a result, we will need to generate significant revenues to achieve and maintain profitability. We may not be able to generate sufficient revenues to attain profitability.

The length of our sales cycle makes it difficult to predict our quarterly operating results.

We have a long sales cycle because we generally need to educate potential customers regarding the benefits of our eLearning and real-time enterprise collaboration products and services before they will commit to the purchase of our products. Our sales cycle varies depending on the size and type of customer contemplating a purchase and whether we have conducted business with the customer in the past. Both new and existing customers frequently need to obtain approvals from multiple decision makers within their organization prior to making purchase decisions. Our sales cycle, which can range from several weeks to several quarters or more, makes it difficult to predict the period in which sales may occur. Delays in sales could cause significant variability in our revenues and operating results for any particular period.

The development of the market for our real-time enterprise collaboration products and services is uncertain.

The market for real-time enterprise collaboration products and services is immature, evolving, uncertain and subject to rapid technological change. Also, we believe that general economic conditions over the past year have caused companies in our target market to be more cautious about making technology purchase decisions, which has negatively affected demand for our products and services. If the market for real-time enterprise business collaboration solutions does not grow at the rate we expect, this will have a material adverse effect on our business, our revenue growth rate, and our operating results and financial condition.

We face significant competition from other technology companies and we may not be able to compete effectively.

The market for eLearning and real-time enterprise collaboration products and services is highly competitive. We expect that our competition in this market will intensify in the future which is likely to result in price reductions, reduced gross margins and loss of market share, any one of which could seriously harm our business. Competitors vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the products and services offered. We encounter competition with respect to different aspects of our real-time enterprise collaboration solution from a variety of software and services vendors. In addition, larger companies with more resources than we have could enter our market and either reduce our sales or require us to lower our prices, or both.

Some of our competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than we do. Some have significantly greater name recognition and a larger installed base of customers. In addition, many of our competitors have well-established relationships with our current and potential customers. In the past, we have lost potential customers to competitors for various reasons, including lower

prices and other incentives not matched by us. In addition, current and potential competitors have established or may establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties to increase the ability of their products to address customer needs. Accordingly, it is possible that new competitors or alliances among competitors may emerge and rapidly acquire significant market share.

Our success depends on our ability to more effectively utilize our sales force and indirect distribution channels.

To increase our revenues, we must optimize our direct field sales force and our inside sales organization. In addition, we must continue to enhance relationships with our value-added resellers, integrated technology solution partners and alliance partners, including technology, content and service providers, to leverage our indirect distribution channel. We are continuing to focus on improving the productivity and effectiveness of our direct and inside sales organizations through training and focused marketing programs. However, we cannot be sure that we will be successful in training and motivating our sales staff to increase productivity or in retaining qualified sales personnel. In addition, we must effectively leverage our relationships with our indirect channel and alliance partners. Our existing, or future, indirect channel and alliance partners may choose to devote greater resources to marketing and supporting the products of other companies including our competitors. Also, we may face conflicts between our sales force and our indirect channel and alliance partners. Our inability to effectively optimize the efforts of our direct and inside sales organizations and our indirect distribution channel could limit our future revenue growth and hurt our future operating results.

Our success depends on our ability to win business and obtain follow-on sales.

Customers typically place small initial orders for our products to allow them to evaluate their performance. A key element of our business to date and our future strategy is to expand usage of our products within the customer organization to generate more significant follow-on sales. Our financial performance depends on successful initial deployments of our products that, in turn, lead to follow-on sales. If the initial deployments of our products are unsuccessful, we will likely be unable to obtain follow-on sales. In addition, even if initial deployments are successful, there can be no assurances that customers will choose to make follow-on purchases, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to grow revenues.

Future regulations could be enacted that either directly restrict our business or indirectly impact our business by limiting the growth of Internet-based business and services.

As commercial use of the Internet increases, federal, state and foreign agencies could enact laws or adopt regulations covering issues such as user privacy, content and taxation of products and services. If enacted, such laws or regulations could limit the market for our products and services. Although they might not apply to our business directly, we expect that laws or rules regulating personal and consumer information could indirectly affect our business. It is possible that such legislation or regulation could expose companies involved in providing Internet-based services to liability, which could limit the growth of Web use generally and thereby reduce demand for our products and services. Such legislation or regulation could dampen the growth in Web usage and decrease its acceptance as a medium of communications and commerce.

Our future success will depend on our ability to enhance our existing products and services and to develop and introduce new products and services.

Our future success will depend in large part on our ability to enhance and broaden our eLearning and real-time enterprise collaboration products and services to meet the evolving needs of the market. Our market is characterized by rapidly changing technologies, frequent new product and service introductions, and evolving industry standards. The recent growth of the Internet and intense competition in our industry exacerbate these market characteristics. To achieve our goals, we need to respond effectively to technological changes and new industry standards and developments. In the past, we have experienced delays in the introduction of new products. In addition, our product enhancements must meet the requirements of our current and prospective customers and must achieve significant market acceptance. We could also incur substantial costs if we need to modify our products, services or information technology infrastructure to adapt to these changes, standards and developments.

We may be unable to hire and retain skilled personnel.

Qualified personnel are in great demand throughout the software industry. Our success depends, in large part, upon our ability to attract, train, motivate and retain highly skilled employees, particularly software engineers, professional services personnel, sales and marketing personnel and other senior personnel. Our failure to attract and retain the highly trained technical personnel that are integral to our product development, professional services and direct sales teams may limit the rate at which we can generate sales and develop new products or product enhancements. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We face business risks relating to our international operations.

In addition to our North American operations, we have established sales, marketing and service operations in Europe and the Pacific Rim and we sell through distributors and resellers in a number of countries around the world. These activities require resources and management attention beyond those required for our domestic operations and subject us to additional regulatory, economic and political risks. Given our limited experience in international markets, we cannot be sure that our international operations will be successful. In addition, we face added risks in doing business internationally. These risks could reduce demand for our products and services, lower the prices at which we can sell our products and services, or otherwise have an adverse effect on our operating results. Among the risks we believe are most likely to affect us are:

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longer payment cycles and problems in collecting accounts receivable;

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adverse changes in trade and tax regulations;

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the absence or significant lack of legal protection for intellectual property rights;

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the adoption of data privacy laws or regulations;

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selling under contracts governed by local law;

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difficulties in managing an organization spread over several countries, including complications arising from cultural, language and time differences that may lengthen sales and implementation cycles;

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localization of technology;

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the possibility of disruption caused by war, civil unrest, or terrorist activities in various regions around the world;

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political and economic instability and

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currency risks, including fluctuations in exchange rates.

We rely on third-party technology to enhance our products.

We incorporate into our products software licensed from third-party software companies that enhances, enables or provides functionality for our products. Third-party software may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or with acceptable levels of support or functionality, or at all. Failure to maintain those license arrangements, failure of the third-party vendors to provide updates, modifications or future versions of their software or defects and errors in or infringement claims against those third-party products could delay or impair our ability to develop and sell our products.

Our success depends on our ability to protect our proprietary rights.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the protection of our software and other proprietary technology. If we fail to protect our proprietary rights, other companies might copy our technology and introduce products or services that compete with ours, without paying us for our technology. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. Our proprietary technology includes the Centra registered trademark, among others, and one pending U.S. patent application, which has not yet been approved. We depend upon a combination of patent and trademark laws, license agreements, non-disclosure and other contractual provisions to protect proprietary and

distribution rights of our products. In addition, we attempt to protect our proprietary information and those of our vendors and partners through confidentiality and license agreements with our employees and others. Although we have taken steps to protect our proprietary technology, they may be inadequate. Existing trade secret, copyright and trademark laws offer only limited protection. Moreover, the laws of other countries in which we market our products may afford little or no effective protection of our intellectual property. If we resort to legal proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights, the proceedings could be burdensome and expensive, even if we were to prevail.

Claims by other companies that we infringe their proprietary technology could force us to redesign our products or otherwise hurt our financial condition.

If we were to discover that any of our products violated third-party proprietary rights, there can be no assurance that we would be able to reengineer the product or obtain a license on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, that would enable us to continue offering the product without substantial reengineering. Also, our sales terms state that we will indemnify our customers for any of their costs as a result of our infringement on other’s technology, if any. Such costs could be substantial. We do not conduct comprehensive patent searches to determine whether the technology used in our products infringes patents held by third parties. In addition, product development is inherently uncertain in a rapidly developing technology environment in which there may be numerous patent applications pending, many of which are confidential when filed, with regard to similar technologies. Any claim of infringement could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against the claim, even if the claim is invalid, and could distract our management from our business. Furthermore, a party making such a claim could secure a judgment that requires us to pay substantial damages. A judgment could also include an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from selling our products or cause our customers to stop using our products. In July 2002, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland naming Centra as a defendant, alleging among other things that certain of our products infringed upon the plaintiff’s patent rights, and the plaintiff sought injunctive relief and damages. We settled this matter in November 2002, and all claims against Centra have been dismissed with prejudice.

Our business could be adversely affected if our products contain errors.

Software products as complex as ours may contain undetected errors or bugs that result in product failures. From time to time we have identified errors in our products after commercial introduction of the products. While we have not been materially harmed by errors in the past, the occurrence of errors in the future could result in loss of or delay in revenues, loss of market share, diversion of product development resources, injury to our reputation or damage to our efforts to build brand awareness, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We could incur substantial costs resulting from product liability claims relating to our customers’ use of our products and services.

Many of the business interactions supported by our products and services are critical to our customers’ businesses. Any failure in a customer’s business interaction or other collaborative activity caused or allegedly caused by our products and services could result in a claim for substantial damages against us, regardless of our responsibility for the failure. Although we maintain general liability insurance, including coverage for errors and omissions, there can be no assurance that our existing coverage will continue to be available on reasonable terms or will be available in amounts sufficient to cover one or more large claims, or that the insurer will not disclaim coverage as to any future claim.

Our failure to effectively manage changes in the business environment in which we operate could hurt our business.

Our failure to effectively manage changes in the business environment in which we operate could have a material adverse effect on the quality of our products, our ability to retain key personnel and our business, operating results and financial condition. Historically, we experienced a period of rapid growth that placed a significant strain on all of our resources. However, in April 2002, based upon economic factors beyond our control, we implemented a reduction in workforce of 30 positions. We may experience similar changes in the future. To effectively manage changes in the business environment in which we operate we must maintain and enhance our financial and accounting systems and controls, maintain our ability to retain key personnel and integrate new personnel and manage our operations globally.

Increased utilization and costs of our technical support services may adversely affect our financial results.

Our products involve very complex technology and the failure or inability of our technical support staff to meet customer expectations in a timely manner or customer dissatisfaction with our product functionality or performance could result in loss of revenues, loss of market share, failure to achieve market acceptance, injury to our reputation, liability for service or warranty costs and claims and other increased costs. We may be unable to respond to fluctuations in customer demand for support services as well as resolve customer issues in a manner that is timely and satisfactory to them. We also may be unable to modify the format of our support services to compete with changes in support services provided by competitors.

We may require additional funds.

We expect that our current cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments will be adequate to provide us with sufficient working capital for at least the next 12 months. However, our current plans and projections may prove to be inaccurate or our expected cash flow may prove to be insufficient to fund our operations because of product delays, unanticipated expenses or other unforeseen difficulties. Therefore, we may need to raise additional capital in order to fund the development and marketing of our products and services.

Our ability to obtain additional financing will depend on a number of factors, including market conditions, our operating performance and investor interest, particularly in real-time enterprise collaboration software companies. These factors may make the timing, amount, terms and conditions of any financing unattractive. They may also result in our incurring additional indebtedness or accepting stockholder dilution. If adequate funds are not available or are not available on acceptable terms, we may have to forego strategic acquisitions or investments, defer our product development activities, or delay our continued rollout of new products and product versions. Any of these actions may seriously harm our business and operating results.

The market price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile.

Our stock price, like that of other technology companies, has been extremely volatile. The announcement of new products, services, technological innovations, customers or distribution partners by us or our competitors, quarterly variations in our operating results, changes in revenues or earnings estimates by securities analysts, speculation in the press or investment community and overall economic conditions are among the factors affecting our stock price.

In addition, the stock market in general and the market prices for technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme volatility that often has been unrelated to the operating performance of these companies. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance. Recently, when the market price of a stock has been volatile, holders of that stock have often instituted securities class action litigation against the company that issued the stock. If any of our stockholders brought a lawsuit against us, we could incur substantial costs defending the lawsuit. The lawsuit could also divert the time and attention of our management away from operating the business.

Our historical operating results may not be indicative of future performance.

Because of the foregoing factors, our operating results are difficult to forecast. We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not meaningful, and you should not rely on them as indicative of our future performance. You should also evaluate our prospects in light of the risks, expenses and difficulties commonly encountered by comparable companies in new and rapidly emerging markets. We cannot assure you that we will successfully address the risks and challenges that face us. In addition, although we have experienced significant revenue growth in the past, we cannot assure you that our revenues will continue to grow or that we will become or remain profitable in the future.

Certain provisions of our charter and of Delaware law make a takeover of our company more difficult.

Our corporate documents and Delaware law contain provisions that might enable our management to resist a takeover of our company. These provisions might discourage, delay or prevent a change in the control of Centra or a change in our management. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for you and other stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. The existence of these provisions could limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. Additionally, the Company has entered into agreements with certain employees and executive officers, which, among other things, include certain severance and change of control provisions.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risk related to foreign currency exchange rates and to changes in interest rates. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

Foreign Currency

We develop products in the United States and sell them worldwide. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. International sales are typically denominated in Euros, British Pounds, Australian Dollars or in U.S. Dollars. Since some of our sales internationally are currently priced in U.S. Dollars, a strengthening of the U.S. Dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. In the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, the Company generated approximately 21% and 22% of its revenues, respectively, outside of the United States. Our foreign subsidiaries incur most of their expenses in the local currency. Accordingly, all foreign subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency. Translation gains and losses are deferred and accumulated as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (accumulated other comprehensive loss) in the consolidated balance sheets. Realized gains and losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions are netted and included in other expense, net, in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. A 10% change in the valuation of the functional currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar as of June 30, 2003, would not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003.

Interest Rates

We maintain a short-term investment portfolio consisting mainly of fixed rate U.S. government-backed federal agency notes and highly liquid money market instruments, with an average maturity of less than 12 months, in accordance with our investment policy approved by the Company’s board of directors. Our general investing policy is to limit the risk of principal loss and seek to ensure the safety of invested funds by limiting market and credit risk. We currently use a registered investment manager to place our investments, which are typically held to maturity. These investments are denominated in U.S. Dollars. Cash balances in foreign currencies overseas are operating balances and are only invested in short-term deposits of the local operating bank. All highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents.

Investments in fixed rate interest earning financial instruments are subject to interest rate risk and will decrease in value if market interest rates were to increase. However, due to the conservative nature of our investment portfolio, a sudden change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair value of the portfolio. If market interest rates were to decline, the interest earned on our investment portfolio would decrease. We estimate that if the average yield of our investments had decreased by 100 basis points, our interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003, would have decreased by less than $100,000 and $200,000, respectively. This estimate assumes that the decrease occurred on the first day of the period and reduced the yield of each investment instrument by 100 basis points. The impact on our future interest income and future changes in investment yields will largely depend on the gross amount of our portfolio.

Our long-term debt and available line of credit require interest payments calculated at variable interest rates. If interest rates were to increase, the interest payments on our long-term debt would also increase. The effect of any such increase in interest expense would be partially offset by any resulting increase in interest income from our investment portfolio.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Our chief executive officer and chief financial officer conducted a review of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(e) and 15d-14(e)) in connection with the preparation of this report. Based on such evaluation, our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report, were adequate and effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the above-referenced evaluation that occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we have been, and expect to continue to be, subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of our business. Such claims, even if not meritorious, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources. Except for the lawsuits identified below in this section, we are not presently a party to any legal proceedings, the adverse outcome of which, in management’s opinion, would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial position.

Securities Class Action Lawsuit

Winstar Bankruptcy Claim

Item 2. Changes in Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)

In the six months ended June 30, 2003, we granted options to purchase 860,250 shares of our common stock and we issued 512,287 shares of our common stock upon the exercise of employee stock options and the employee stock purchase plan.

(b)

Use of Proceeds from Sales of Registered Securities

On February 8, 2000, we closed the initial public offering of our common stock. The shares of common stock sold in the offering were registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Registration Statement”) (Registration No. 333-89817) that was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2000. The aggregate proceeds from the offering were $80.5 million. Our net proceeds from the offering were approximately $73.2 million. From the effective date through June 30, 2003, we used approximately $6.5 million for payments of dividends to preferred shareholders, $29.2 million to fund operations, $1.4 million for capital expenditures, $1.7 million for payment of MindLever debt, $3.3 million for the MindLever acquisition and $3.7 million to pay amounts outstanding under our loans. As of June 30, 2003, we had approximately $27.4 million of net proceeds remaining, and pending use of these proceeds, we intend to invest such proceeds primarily in highly liquid money market accounts and government-backed securities as defined in our current investment policy.

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

We held our annual meeting of stockholders on June 12, 2003. Two substantive matters were submitted to a vote of the security holders: (1) the election of two Class I Directors to serve until the 2006 annual meeting and (2) a proposal to amend our 1999 Stock Incentive Plan to increase the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the plan by 1,000,000, to 7,100,000 shares. As of April 25, 2003, the record date for the meeting, there were outstanding 26,106,736 shares of common stock entitled to vote at the meeting. At the meeting, 22,947,641 shares were represented in person or by proxy. At the meeting, the vote with respect to each substantive matter proposed to the stockholders was as follows:

Election of Class I Directors:

	VOTES FOR:	AUTHORITY WITHHELD:
Leonard M. Kawell, Jr.	20,738,097	2,209,544
Douglas M. Ferguson	20,738,067	2,209,574

Amendment of 1999 Stock Incentive Plan:

VOTES FOR:		VOTES AGAINST:		ABSTENTIONS:		UNVOTED:
16,757,083		6,155,862		34,686		10

Item 6. Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K

(a)

Exhibits

Exhibit		Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement, on Form S-1, File No. 333-89817 and incorporated herein by reference).

3.2		Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of Centra Software, Inc. (filed as exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 22, 2002).

3.3		Amended and Restated By-Laws (filed as exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement, on Form S-1, File No. 333-89817 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.1		Form of Employment Agreements between Centra Software, Inc. and each of the following: (a) Leon Navickas, dated July 22, 2003 (b) Anthony J. Mark, dated July 25, 2003

10.2		Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Incentive Plan

31.1		Form of Section 302 Certification signed by each of the following: (a) Leon Navickas, dated August 14, 2003 (b) Stephen A. Johnson, dated August 14, 2003

32.1		Form of Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 14, 2003, signed by Leon Navickas and Stephen A. Johnson.

(b)

Reports on Form 8-K

A report on Form 8-K was filed on July 30, 2003, regarding the Company’s earning release for the three and six months ended June 30, 2003 and the Company’s announcement of a new president and chief executive officer.

SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, as of August 14, 2003.

Centra Software, Inc.

By:		Stephen A. Johnson
		Stephen A. Johnson Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, and Secretary (duly authorized officer and principal financial and accounting officer)

EXHIBIT INDEX

(a)

Exhibits

Exhibit		Description

3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement, on Form S-1, File No. 333-89817 and incorporated herein by reference).

3.2		Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock of Centra Software, Inc. (filed as exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 22, 2002).

3.3		Amended and Restated By-Laws (filed as exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement, on Form S-1, File No. 333-89817 and incorporated herein by reference).

10.1		Form of Employment Agreements between Centra Software, Inc. and each of the following: (a) Leon Navickas, dated July 22, 2003 (b) Anthony J. Mark, dated July 25, 2003

10.2		Amended and Restated 1999 Stock Incentive Plan

31.1		Form of Section 302 Certification signed by each of the following: (a) Leon Navickas, dated August 14, 2003 (b) Stephen A. Johnson, dated August 14, 2003

32.1		Form of Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, dated August 14, 2003, signed by Leon Navickas and Stephen A. Johnson.

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