UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

 

 

Commission file number: 001-32903

 

 

 

THE WESTERN UNION COMPANY

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

 

THE WESTERN UNION COMPANY
12500 East Belford Avenue
Englewood, Colorado 80112
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (866) 405-5012
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its Corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ

 

As of June 30, 2010, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $9.9 billion based on the closing sale price of $14.91 of the common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

 

As of February 18, 2011, 646,777,157 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Registrant’s proxy statement for the 2010 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

INDEX

 

PART I

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and materials we have filed or will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) (as well as information included in our other written or oral statements) contain or will contain certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, our forward-looking statements. Words such as “expects,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “guides,” “provides guidance,” “provides outlook” and other similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “should,” “would” and “could” are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Readers of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Western Union Company (the “Company,” “Western Union,” “we,” “our” or “us”) should not rely solely on the forward-looking statements and should consider all uncertainties and risks throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including those described under “Risk Factors.” The statements are only as of the date they are made, and the Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

 

Possible events or factors that could cause results or performance to differ materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements include the following:

 

 

 

Overview

 

The Western Union Company (the “Company,” “Western Union,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a leader in global money movement and payment services, providing people and businesses with fast, reliable and convenient ways to send money and make payments around the world.

 

The Western Union^® brand is globally recognized and represents speed, reliability, trust and convenience. As people move and travel around the world, they are able to use the services of a well recognized brand to transfer funds. Our consumer-to-consumer money transfer service enables people to send money around the world in minutes. Our services are available through a global network of more than 445,000 agent locations in more than 200 countries and territories, with approximately 85% of those locations outside of the United States. Each location in our agent network is capable of providing one or more of our services, with the majority offering a Western Union branded service. As of December 31, 2010, approximately 75% of our locations had experienced money transfer activity in the prior 12 months.

 

Our global business payments service provides consumers and businesses with flexible and convenient options for making one-time or recurring bill payments, including business-to-business cross-border, cross currency payment transactions. In September 2009, we acquired Canada-based Custom House, Ltd. (“Custom House”), a provider of international business-to-business cross-border, cross-currency payment services. In the third quarter of 2010, Custom House was rebranded “Western Union^® Business Solutions.” Although the majority of the revenue in our global business payments segment was generated in the United States, international expansion and other key strategic initiatives have resulted in international revenue continuing to increase in this segment.

 

We believe that brand strength, size and reach of our global network, and convenience and reliability for our customers have been important factors relating to the growth of our business. As we continue to meet the needs of our customers for fast, reliable and convenient money transfer services, we are also working to enhance our services and provide our consumer and business clients with access to an expanding portfolio of payment and other financial services.

 

The majority of our revenue comes from fees that consumers pay when they send money or make payments. In certain money transfer and payment services transactions involving different send and receive currencies, we generate revenue based on the difference between the exchange rate set by us to the consumer or business and the rate at which we or our agents are able to acquire currency.

 

Our Segments

 

We manage our business based on the customers we serve and the type of services we offer. Each segment addresses a different combination of customer needs, distribution networks and services. Our segments are consumer-to-consumer and global business payments. Our other businesses not included in these segments primarily consist of Western Union branded money order services available through a network of third-party agents primarily in the United States and Canada.

 

The table below presents the components of our consolidated revenue:

 

 

 

Financial information relating to our international and domestic revenues and long-lived assets for all of our segments is set forth in Note 17 to our Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8.

 

For additional details regarding our consumer-to-consumer and global business payments segments, including financial information regarding our international and United States operations, see Item 7 of Part II and our financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

See Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks relating to our foreign operations.

 

Consumer-to-Consumer Segment

 

Individual money transfers from one consumer to another are the core of our business, representing 84% of our total consolidated revenues for 2010. We offer consumers a variety of ways to send money. Although most remittances are sent from one of our more than 445,000 agent locations worldwide, in some countries we offer the ability to send money over the internet or the telephone, using a credit or debit card, or through a withdrawal directly from a consumer’s bank account. All agent locations accept cash to initiate a transaction, and some also accept debit cards. We also offer consumers several options to receive a money transfer. While the vast majority of transfers are paid in cash at agent locations, in some places we offer payout directly to the receiver’s bank account, to a stored-value card, to a mobile phone or through the issuance of a money order.

 

Operations

 

Our revenue is derived primarily from transaction fees charged to consumers to transfer money. In money transfers involving different send and receive currencies, we also generate revenue based on the difference between the exchange rate set by Western Union to the consumer and the rate at which we or our agents are able to acquire currency.

 

In a typical money transfer transaction, a consumer goes to one of our agent locations, completes a form specifying, among other things, the name and address of the recipient, and delivers it, along with the principal amount of the money transfer and the fee, to the agent. This sending agent enters the transaction information into our money transfer system and the funds are made available for payment, usually within minutes. The recipient enters an agent location in the designated receiving area or country, presents identification and is paid the transferred amount. Recipients do not pay a fee (although in limited circumstances, a tax may be imposed by the local government on the receipt of the money transfer). We determine the fee paid by the sender, which generally is based on the principal amount of the transaction and the send and receive locations.

 

We generally pay our agents a commission based on a percentage of revenue. The commission is shared between the agent that initiated the transaction, the “send agent,” and the agent that paid the transaction, the “receive agent.” For most agents, the costs of providing the physical infrastructure and staff are typically covered by the agent’s primary business (e.g., postal services, banking, check cashing, travel and retail businesses), making the economics of being a Western Union agent attractive. Western Union’s global reach and large consumer base allow us to attract agents we believe to be of high quality.

 

To complement the convenience offered by our network’s global physical locations, in certain countries we have also made our services available through other channels, as described below under “Services.”

Over 85% of our consumer-to-consumer transactions involve at least one non-United States location. No individual country outside the United States accounted for more than approximately 6%, 6% and 7% of our consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Certain of our agents facilitate a large number of transactions; however, all individual agents accounted for less than 10% of the segment’s revenue during these periods.

 

Services

 

We offer money transfer services worldwide. In 2010, over 95% of our consumer-to-consumer transactions were cash money transfers involving our walk-in agent locations around the world. Although demand for in-person, cash money transfers has historically been the strongest, we offer a number of options for sending and receiving funds that provide consumer convenience and choice to meet the needs of consumers. The different ways consumers can send or receive money include the following:

 

Walk-in money transfer service. The substantial majority of our remittances constitute transactions in which cash is collected by the agent and payment (usually cash) is available for pick-up at another agent location in the designated receive location, usually within minutes. In the United States, including some United States outbound corridors, Canada and in other select international corridors, we provide a “Direct to Bank” service, enabling a consumer to send a transaction from an agent location directly to a bank account. We also provide a “Cash to Card” service that provides consumers an option to direct funds to a Western Union branded stored-value card in the United States, with the option to have the card delivered overnight to consumers’ homes. To facilitate offering our services at retail locations that do not have dedicated service staff, we are in the early stages of the roll-out of “goCASH^sm” in the United States, a money transfer service that lets consumers purchase money transfers at pre-set amounts in-lane, at a cash register, and then complete the transfer over the phone through a Western Union customer service representative or through a website.

 

Our “Next Day” delivery option is a money transfer that is available for payment the morning after the money transfer is sent. This option is available in certain markets for domestic service within the United States, and in select United States outbound and international corridors. The Next Day delivery service gives our consumers a lower-priced option for money transfers that do not need to be received within minutes, while still offering the convenience, reliability and ease-of-use that our consumers expect.

 

Online money transfer service. Our websites allow consumers to send funds on-line, generally using a credit or debit card, for pay-out at most Western Union branded agent locations around the world. As of December 31, 2010, we are now providing on-line money transfer service in 20 countries, allowing consumers in these countries to send money throughout the world.

 

Telephone money transfer service. Our Telephone Money Transfer service allows Western Union consumers to send funds by telephone without visiting an agent location. Consumers call a toll-free number in the United States, Canada, Ireland or the United Kingdom and use a debit card or credit card to initiate a transaction. The money transfer is then available for pay-out at a Western Union agent location.

 

Account based money transfer service. This service allows consumers to access Western Union services electronically, directly from their bank’s internet, or ATM banking service. They can use their bank account to either initiate, or in some cases, receive a Western Union money transfer electronically, without having to visit a physical Western Union agent location. We have relationships with 40 banks that have agreed to offer this service, primarily through their online banking portals.

 

Mobile money transfer service. Our mobile money transfer service provides consumers in a number of select countries with the ability to transfer money to a mobile wallet or bank account. Consumers in selected countries can also initiate transactions from their mobile phones and send money from mobile wallets or bank accounts. As of December 31, 2010, there were over 80,000 Western Union agent locations enabled with the technology to transfer money to a mobile phone.

Distribution and Marketing Channels

 

We offer our consumer-to-consumer service to millions of consumers around the world primarily through our global network of third-party agents in almost every country and territory, with approximately 85% of our agent locations being located outside of the United States. Our agents facilitate the global distribution and convenience associated with our Western Union and other brands, which in-turn helps create demand for our services and helps us to recruit and retain agents. Western Union agents include large networks such as post offices, banks and retailers and other established organizations that provide other consumer products and services. Many of our agents have multiple locations. Our agents know the markets they serve and work with our management to develop business plans for their markets. Many of our agents contribute financial resources, or otherwise support, our efforts to market the business. Many agents operate in locations that are open outside of traditional banking hours, for example on nights and weekends. Our top 40 agents globally have been with us an average of approximately 14 years, and in 2010, these long-standing agents were involved in transactions that generated more than 60% of our consumer-to-consumer revenue.

 

We provide our third-party agents with our multi-currency, real-time money transfer processing systems used to originate and pay money transfers. Over the last several years, we have emphasized the development of our receive network around the world to optimize send and receive corridors. Our systems and processes enable our agents to pay money transfers in more than 120 currencies worldwide. Many of our agents can pay in multiple currencies at a single location. Our agents provide the physical infrastructure and staff required to complete the transfers. Western Union provides central operating functions such as transaction processing, settlement, marketing support and customer relationship management to our agents.

 

Some of our agents outside the United States manage subagents. We refer to these agents as superagents. Although our subagents are under contract with these superagents (and not with Western Union directly), the subagent locations typically have access to the same technology and services as our other agent locations.

 

Our international agents often customize services as appropriate for their geographic markets. In some markets, individual agents are independently offering specific services such as stored-value card payout options and Direct to Bank service. Our marketing benefits from feedback from our agents and consumers, and in many of our markets, our agents fund marketing activities.

 

Our marketing strategy includes our global loyalty card program, which is available in a growing number of countries and territories. As of December 31, 2010, the loyalty card program was available in 80 countries and territories and had almost 16 million active cards, an increase in the number of active cards of 18% from December 31, 2009. The card offers consumers faster service at the point-of-sale and, in certain countries, reduced service fees or cash back to consumers. Loyalty card consumers generally initiate more transactions and have a higher rate of retention than non-carded consumers. Over one-third of Western Union branded consumer-to-consumer transactions are initiated using a loyalty card. The global loyalty card program is one component of our consumer relationship management strategy designed to support and enhance long-term relationships with our consumers. Consumer databases supplement these efforts by providing insight on consumer preferences so that we can selectively target consumer communications and marketing.

 

Industry Trends

 

Over the last several years, except for 2009, the cross-border money transfer industry has experienced growth. Trends in the cross-border money transfer business tend to correlate to migration trends, global economic opportunity and related employment rates worldwide. The top four inbound remittance countries in the world are India, China, Mexico and the Philippines, and cumulatively receive an estimated $150 billion annually according to The World Bank’s November 2010 report. Due to the weak global economy, including declines in consumer confidence and high unemployment, the demand for money transfers has softened. The World Bank projects cross-border remittance growth of approximately 5% in 2011. We anticipate that the remittance market will continue to recover as the global economy improves.

 

Another significant trend impacting the money transfer industry is the increase in regulation. Regulation in the United States and elsewhere focuses, in part, on anti-money laundering, anti-terrorist activities and consumer

protection. Regulations require money transfer providers, banks and other financial institutions to develop systems to detect, monitor and report certain transactions.

 

Competition

 

We face robust competition in the highly-fragmented consumer-to-consumer money transfer industry. We compete with a variety of money transfer service providers, including:

 

 

We believe the most significant competitive factors in consumer-to-consumer remittances relate to brand recognition, trust and reliability, distribution network and channel options, consumer experience and price.

 

Global Business Payments Segment

 

In our global business payments segment, we provide fast and convenient options to make one-time or recurring payments for consumers or businesses to other businesses. Our business payments services allow consumers to make payments to a variety of organizations, including utilities, auto finance companies, mortgage servicers, financial service providers, governmental agencies and other businesses. We also provide international business-to-business cross-border, cross-currency payment services. We can process payments using the customer’s credit card, debit card, bank account or cash depending on the service selected. We believe our business customers who receive payments through our services benefit from their relationship with Western Union as it provides them with real-time or near real-time posting of their customer payments. In certain circumstances, our relationships with business customers also provide them with an additional source of income, as well as reduced expenses for cash and check handling.

 

Operations

 

Our revenue in this segment is derived primarily from transaction fees paid by the customer. These fees are typically less than the fees charged in our consumer-to-consumer segment. Consumers may make a cash payment at an agent or owned location and businesses may remit a check, electronic or wire transfer in order to initiate a transaction. In order to make an electronic payment, consumers or businesses initiate a transaction over the telephone or the internet which we process through credit card, debit card, automated clearing house (“ACH”) or wire transfer, depending on the service selected. Our internet services are provided through our own websites or, in certain circumstances, in partnership with other websites for which we act as the service provider. In cross-border transactions involving different currencies, we primarily generate revenue based on the difference between the

exchange rate set by us to the consumer or business and the rate at which we are able to acquire currency. In addition, we generate revenue from upfront enrollment fees received for our Equity Accelerator^® service, and we earn investment income on funds received from services sold in advance of settlement with payment recipients.

 

While we continue to pursue further international expansion of our offerings in this segment, the majority of the segment’s revenue was generated in the United States during all periods presented. However, international expansion and other key strategic initiatives have resulted in international revenue continuing to increase in this segment.

 

Services

 

Our global business payments services are available through a variety of products which give customers choices as to the payment channel and method of payment, and include the following:

 

Western Union Business Solutions. Western Union Business Solutions (“Business Solutions”) offers international cross-border, cross-currency business-to-business payment solutions. These payment transactions are conducted through various channels including the telephone and internet. Business Solutions operates its own website to offer services and also serves as the ultimate service provider for other partner websites. Payments are made predominately through wire transfers and ACH, but in some situations, checks are remitted. The majority of Business Solutions’ business relates to exchanges of currency at the spot rate which enables customers to make cross-currency payments. In addition, we write foreign currency forward and option contracts for customers to facilitate future payments.

 

Western Union Payments. The Western Union Payments service, formerly Quick Collect^®, allows consumers to send funds to businesses and government agencies across the United States and Canada, using cash and, in certain locations, a debit card. This service is offered primarily at Western Union agent locations, but may be provided via our westernunion.com website in limited situations. This service is also offered in select international locations under the service mark Quick Pay^sm. We also offer Quick Cash^®, a cash disbursement service used by businesses and government agencies to send money to employees or individuals with whom they have accounts or other business relationships. Similar to our Western Union Payments service, consumers use our Western Union Convenience Pay^® (“Convenience Pay”) service to send payments by cash or check from a smaller number of Convenience Pay agent locations primarily to utilities and telecommunication providers. We are in the process of consolidating all of these services to be marketed as Western Union Payments.

 

Pago Fácil^®. In South America, we offer walk-in, cash bill payment services which allow consumers to make payments for services such as phone, utilities and other recurring bills. In Argentina, we provide this service under the Pago Fácil brand. We offer this service under the Western Union brand in Peru and Panama.

 

Speedpay^®. Our Speedpay service is offered principally in the United States and allows consumers to make payments to a variety of businesses using credit cards, debit cards, ACH and in limited situations, checks. Payments are initiated over the telephone or the internet. We also partner with some businesses to allow their customers to access Speedpay from their websites.

 

Equity Accelerator. Our Equity Accelerator service enables consumers to make mortgage payments by ACH. It is marketed as a convenient way for homeowners to schedule additional recurring principal payments on their mortgages. Consumers who enroll in this service make mortgage payments based on an accelerated program, which results in a more rapid reduction of their mortgage balance, as well as interest savings. We also offer a non-recurring mortgage payment service under the brand Just in Time EFT^®.

 

Distribution and Marketing Channels

 

Our electronic consumer payment services are available primarily through the telephone and the internet, while our cash-based consumer services are available through our agent networks and select Company owned locations. Our business payment services are offered through owned locations, telephone, via the internet and partner channels.

 

Businesses market our services to consumers in a number of ways, and we market our services directly to consumers and businesses using a variety of means, including advertising materials, promotional activities, call

campaigns and attendance at trade shows and seminars. Our internet services are marketed to consumers and businesses on our websites as well as through co-branding arrangements with our website partners who offer our payment solutions.

 

We have relationships with more than 6,400 businesses to which our customers can make payments, approximately 2,500 of which primarily relate to our bill payment business in Argentina, Pago Fácil. These relationships are a core component of our global business payments services. On average, we have provided our payment services to our top 20 businesses to which our consumers can make payments for more than 14 years. No individual customer or business accounted for greater than 10% of this segment’s revenue during all periods presented.

 

Industry Trends

 

The global business payments industry has evolved with technological innovations that have created new methods of processing payments from individuals or businesses to other businesses. The various products within the global business payments industry are in varying stages of development outside the United States. The cross-border payments industry is expected to expand considerably in the future due to the expanding global focus of many businesses. We believe that the United States is in the midst of a trend away from cash and paper checks toward electronic payment methods accessible through multiple technologies. Furthermore, due to the weak economic situation in the United States, we believe many United States consumers who would use our services are having difficulty paying their bills and are unable to obtain credit in any form, resulting in our handling fewer bill payments.

 

Competition

 

Western Union competes with a diverse set of service providers offering both cash and electronic-based payment solutions and business-to-business payment services. Competition in electronic payments and business-to-business payment services include financial institutions (which may offer consumer bill payment or business payment services in their own name or may “host” payment services operated under the names of their clients). Competition for electronic payments also includes businesses offering their own or third-party services to their own customers and third-party providers of all sizes offering services directly to consumers. In many cases, competitors specialize in a small number of industries. Competitors for cash payments include businesses that allow consumers to pay a bill at one of their locations, or at the location of a partner business, as well as mail and courier services. The ongoing trend away from cash based bill payments in the United States and competitive pressures, which result in lower volumes and a shift to lower revenue per transaction products, are impacting this business.

 

We believe the most significant competitive factors in this segment relate to brand recognition, customer service, trust and reliability, convenience, speed, variety of payment methods, service offerings and price.

 

For additional details regarding our global business payments segment, see Item 7 of Part II and our historical financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Other

 

Our remaining businesses are grouped in the “Other” category, which primarily includes our money order and prepaid services.

 

Customers use our money orders for making purchases, paying bills, and as an alternative to checks that can be deposited directly into bank accounts or cashed at check cashiers, some banks and some retailers. We derive investment income from interest generated on our money order settlement assets, which are primarily held in United States tax exempt state and municipal debt securities.

 

Our prepaid cards are sold primarily in the United States through retail locations and on the Internet. This service allows consumers to load money or receive a direct deposit from their employer onto the card for use at a later date. The card can be used to withdraw money from an ATM or used where debit cards are accepted. We have agreements with FDIC-insured depository institutions that serve as the issuers of our cards in the United States. We plan to leverage our brand, distribution, consumer relationships, and infrastructure to develop prepaid in international markets.

Intellectual Property

 

The Western Union brand, consisting of trademark registrations in many countries, is material to our Company. The international expansion of our agent network over the past decade has taken the Western Union brand nearly everywhere consumers send and receive money. The loss of the Western Union trademark or a diminution in the perceived quality associated with the name would harm our growth. We offer money transfer services under the Western Union, Orlandi Valuta^sm or Vigo^® brands in 200 countries and territories, and various global business payment services under several brands like Speedpay, Equity Accelerator, Just in Time EFT, Paymap^®, Western Union Payments, Quick Collect, Convenience Pay, Quick Pay, Quick Cash, Pago Fácil (registered in Argentina), Western Union Business Solutions and other trademarks and service marks, such as MoneyWise^tm, that are also important to our Company.

 

Our operating results over the past several years have allowed us to invest significantly each year to support our brands. In 2010, we invested approximately $210 million to market, advertise and promote our brands and services. Many of our agents have also contributed significant financial resources to assist with marketing our services.

 

We own patents and patent applications covering various aspects of our processes and services. We have been, are and in the future may be, subject to claims and suits alleging that our technology or business methods infringe patents owned by others, both in and out of the United States. Unfavorable resolution of these claims could require us to change how we deliver services, result in significant financial consequences, or both, which could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

Risk Management

 

Our Company has a credit risk management department that evaluates and monitors our agent-related credit and fraud risks. We are exposed to credit risk related to receivable balances from agents in the money transfer, walk-in bill payment and money order settlement process. We also are exposed to credit risk directly from consumer transactions particularly through our online services and electronic global business payment channels, where transactions are originated through means other than cash, and may therefore be subject to “chargebacks,” insufficient funds or other collection impediments, such as fraud. Our credit risk management team performs a credit review before each agent signing and conducts periodic analyses. As a result, our losses associated with bad debts have been less than 1% of our annual revenue in each of the last three fiscal years. However, the challenging global economic environment may increase our losses associated with bad debts.

 

Our Business Solutions business exposes us to credit risk relating to derivative financial instruments written by us to our customers. The duration of these derivative contracts is generally nine months or less. The credit risk associated with our derivative contracts increases when foreign currency exchange rates move against our customers, possibly impacting their ability to honor their obligations to deliver currency to us or to maintain appropriate collateral with us. To mitigate this risk, we perform periodic credit reviews of customers on an ongoing basis. In addition, we may require certain customers to post collateral based on the fair value of the customer’s contract and their risk profile. As we require the receipt of funds from our customers, in most cases, before releasing the associated cross-currency payment, the credit risk arising from our spot foreign currency exchange contracts is largely mitigated.

 

To manage our exposures to credit risk with respect to investment securities, money market fund investments and other credit risk exposures resulting from our relationships with banks and financial institutions, we regularly review investment concentrations, trading levels, credit spreads and credit ratings, and we attempt to diversify our investments among global financial institutions.

 

A key component of the Western Union business model is our ability to manage financial risk associated with conducting transactions worldwide. We settle accounts with the majority of our agents in United States dollars or euros. We utilize foreign currency exchange contracts, primarily forward contracts, to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations and to provide predictability of future cash flows. Limited foreign currency risk arises with respect to the agent settlement process. The foreign currency exchange risk is limited because the majority of money transfer transactions are paid within 24 hours after they are initiated and agent settlements occur within a few days in most instances.

Our financial results may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates. We review our overall exposure to floating and fixed rates by evaluating our net asset or liability position in each, while also considering the duration of the individual positions. We manage this mix of fixed versus floating exposure in an attempt to minimize risk, reduce costs and optimize returns. Our exposure to interest rates can be modified by changing the mix of our interest bearing assets, as well as adjusting the mix of fixed versus floating rate debt. The latter is accomplished primarily through the use of interest rate swaps and the terms of any new debt issuances (i.e., fixed versus floating). We use interest rate swaps designated as hedges to increase the percentage of floating rate debt, subject to market conditions.

 

International Investment

 

We have accumulated approximately $2.5 billion of foreign earnings at December 31, 2010, for which no provision has been made for United States federal and state income taxes, as we have reinvested or expect to reinvest these earnings outside the United States indefinitely. We intend to invest these earnings to expand and diversify our global distribution and explore new service offerings. In 2009, we used our foreign earnings to acquire the money transfer business of our largest European-based agent, FEXCO, and also to acquire Custom House, which expanded the service offerings of the global business payments segment to include cross-currency, cross-border business to business payments. We continue to look for opportunities for international acquisitions and investments in joint ventures that will complement our existing businesses worldwide, such as our recent agreement to acquire the remaining 70% interest which we currently do not own in Angelo Costa S.r.l. (“Costa”), one of our largest money transfer agents in Europe, which is expected to close in the first half of 2011. We may also invest in expanding our current service offerings or our international operating sites to drive organic growth. However, if we are unable to utilize these earnings outside of the United States and we repatriate these earnings to the United States in the form of actual or constructive dividends, we would be subject to United States federal income taxes (subject to an adjustment for foreign tax credits), state income taxes and possible withholding taxes payable to various foreign countries.

 

Regulation

 

Our business is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations enacted by the United States federal government, each of the states, many localities and many other countries and jurisdictions, such as the European Union. These include financial services regulations, consumer disclosure and consumer protection laws, currency control regulations, money transfer and payment instrument licensing regulations, payment service laws, rules, laws and regulations including those governing credit cards, electronic payments, foreign exchange hedging services and the sale of spot and forward currency contracts, escheat laws, competition laws and laws covering consumer privacy, data protection and information security. Our services also are subject to an increasingly strict set of legal and regulatory requirements intended to help detect and prevent money laundering, terrorist financing and other illicit activity. Failure to comply with any of these requirements—by either Western Union or its agents or their subagents (who are third parties, over whom Western Union has limited legal and practical control)—could result in the suspension or revocation of a license or registration required to provide money transfer services and/or payment services or foreign exchange products, the limitation, suspension or termination of services, the seizure of our assets, and/or the imposition of civil and criminal penalties, including fines and restrictions on our ability to offer services.

 

We have developed and continue to enhance our global compliance programs, including our anti-money laundering program, comprising policies, procedures, systems and internal controls to monitor and to address various legal and regulatory requirements. In addition, we continue to adapt our business practices and strategies to help us comply with current and evolving legal standards and industry practices. These programs include dedicated compliance personnel, training and monitoring programs, suspicious activity reporting, regulatory outreach and education, and support and guidance to our agent network on regulatory compliance. Our money transfer network operates through third-party agents in most countries, and, therefore, our legal and practical ability to control those agents’ compliance activities is limited.

Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act

 

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Financial Reform Act” or “Act”) became United States federal law in 2010. The Financial Reform Act creates a new Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (the “Consumer Protection Bureau”) whose purpose will be to issue and enforce consumer protection initiatives governing financial products and services, including money transfer services in the United States, which will require us to provide enhanced disclosures to our money transfer customers. Depending upon the final rules to be issued by the Consumer Protection Bureau, we may need to modify our systems to provide these additional disclosures or we may be liable for the failure of our money transfer agents to comply with the Act, the extent of which liability will be determined by rules not yet enacted. In addition, rules adopted under the Act by other governmental agencies may subject our corporate interest rate and foreign exchange hedging transactions to centralized clearing and collateral posting requirements. Also, our Business Solutions business in the United States may be subjected to increased regulatory oversight and licensing requirements relating to the foreign exchange derivative products offered to certain of its customers.

 

Money Transfer and Payment Instrument Licensing and Regulation

 

In the United States, most states license money transfer services providers. Many states exercise authority over the operations of our money transfer services and, as part of this authority, regularly examine us. Many states require us to invest the proceeds of money transfers in high-quality, investment grade securities, and our use of such investments is restricted to satisfy outstanding settlement obligations. We regularly monitor credit risk and attempt to mitigate our exposure by making high-quality investments in compliance with these regulations. The majority of our investment securities, classified within “settlement assets” in the consolidated balance sheets, most of which relate to state licensing requirements in the United States, had credit ratings of “AA-” or better from a major credit rating agency as of December 31, 2010.

 

These licensing laws also cover matters such as government approval of controlling shareholders and senior management of our licensed entities, regulatory approval of agent locations, consumer disclosures and the filing of periodic reports by the licensee, and require the licensee to demonstrate and maintain certain net worth levels. Many states also require money transmitters and their agents to comply with federal and/or state anti-money laundering laws and regulations.

 

Our money transfer and money order services are subject to anti-money laundering laws and regulations, including the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (collectively, the “BSA”) and similar state laws and regulations. The BSA, among other things, requires money transfer companies and the issuers and sellers of money orders, to develop and implement risk-based anti-money laundering programs, report large cash transactions and suspicious activity, and in some cases, to collect and maintain information about consumers who use their services and maintain other transaction records. Many states impose similar and, in some cases, more stringent requirements. These requirements also apply to our agents. In addition, the United States Department of the Treasury has interpreted the BSA to require money transfer companies to conduct due diligence into and risk-based monitoring of their agents inside and outside the United States.

 

Economic and trade sanctions programs administered by the United States Department of the Treasury Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) prohibit or restrict transactions to or from (or dealings with) certain countries, their governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, as well as with specifically-designated individuals and entities such as narcotics traffickers, terrorists and terrorist organizations. We provide very limited consumer-to-consumer services to individuals in Cuba, Syria and Sudan pursuant to and as authorized by advisory opinions of, or licenses granted by, OFAC.

 

Outside of the United States, our money transfer business is subject to some form of regulation in all of the countries and territories in which we offer those services. These laws and regulations may include limitations on what types of entities may offer money transfer services, limitations on the amount of principal that can be sent into or out of a country, limitations on the number of money transfers that may be sent or received by a consumer and controls on the rates of exchange between currencies. They may also include laws and regulations intended to help detect and prevent money laundering or terrorist financing, including reporting requirements similar to those

required under the BSA described earlier. In most countries, either we or our agents are required to obtain licenses or permits to offer money transfer services.

 

The Payment Services Directive (“PSD”), which became effective on November 1, 2009, has changed the payments market in the European Union (“EU”), harmonizing the licensing and certain other requirements for offering payment services within the EU. Previously, those requirements differed significantly among these countries. The PSD also imposed new rules on payment service providers like Western Union. In particular, the PSD makes us responsible for the regulatory compliance of our agents and their subagents in the EU who are engaged by one of our payments institution subsidiaries which are regulated by Ireland and the United Kingdom. The majority of our EU business will be managed through our PSD subsidiaries by April 2011. Thus, the risk of adverse regulatory action against us because of the actions of our EU agents and their subagents has increased. Under the PSD, we are subject to investment safeguarding rules and periodic examinations similar to those we are subject to in the United States. These rules have resulted in increased compliance costs and may lead to increased competition in our areas of service.

 

We have developed and continue to enhance global compliance programs to monitor and to address various legal and regulatory requirements. Our money transfer network operates through third-party agents in most countries, and our legal and practical ability to control those agents’ compliance activities is limited. To assist in managing and monitoring money laundering and terrorist financing risks, we have developed and continue to enhance our global compliance programs, including an anti-money laundering compliance program comprising policies, procedures, systems and internal controls. We have employees in a number of our offices around the world dedicated to our global compliance program efforts. In connection with an agreement and settlement with the State of Arizona and other states entered into in February 2010, we have funded $71 million to a not-for-profit organization to promote safety and security along the entire United States and Mexico border and to the State of Arizona for its costs associated with this matter. This agreement and settlement also resolved all outstanding legal issues and claims with the State. In addition, as part of the agreement and settlement, we have made and expect to make certain investments in our compliance programs along the United States and Mexico border and we have engaged a monitor of those programs. The costs of the investments and the monitor are expected to reach up to $23 million over the period from signing to 2013. See also Item 1A, Risk Factors—“Western Union has been the subject of class-action litigation, and remains the subject of other litigation as well as consent agreements with or enforcement actions by regulators” for more information on this agreement and settlement.

 

Government agencies both inside and outside the United States may impose new or additional rules on money transfers affecting us or our agents, including regulations that:

 

 

Escheat Regulations

 

Our Company is subject to unclaimed or abandoned property (escheat) laws in the United States and abroad. These laws require us to turn over to certain government authorities the property of others held by our Company that

has been unclaimed for a specified period of time, such as unpaid money transfers. We hold property subject to escheat laws and we have an ongoing program to comply with the laws. We are subject to audits with regard to our escheatment practices.

 

Privacy and Information Security Regulations

 

The collection, transfer, disclosure, use and storage of personal information is required to provide our services. These activities are subject to information security standards, data privacy, data breach and related laws and regulations in the United States and other countries. In the United States, data privacy and data breach laws such as the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and various state laws apply directly to a broad range of financial institutions including money transmitters like Western Union, and indirectly to companies that provide services to those institutions. Many state laws require us to provide notification to affected individuals, state officers and consumer reporting agencies in the event of a security breach of computer databases or physical documents that contain certain types of non-public personal information and present a risk for unauthorized use.

 

The collection, transfer, disclosure, use and storage of personal information required to provide our services is subject to data privacy laws outside of the United States, such as laws adopted pursuant to the EU’s 95/46 EC Directive of the European Parliament (the “Data Protection Directive”), Canada’s Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, individual European national laws and data privacy laws of other provinces or countries. In some cases, the laws of a country may be more restrictive than the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, and the laws developed to comply with the Data Protection Directive may impose additional duties on companies. Each of these laws may restrict the collection, transfer, processing, storage, use and disclosure of sensitive personal information, require notice to individuals of privacy practices and may give individuals certain rights to prevent the use or disclosure of personal information for secondary purposes such as marketing.

 

These regulations, laws and industry standards also impose requirements for safeguarding personal information through the issuance of internal data security standards, controls or guidelines.

 

In connection with regulatory requirements to assist in the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing and pursuant to legal obligations and authorizations, Western Union makes information available to certain United States federal and state, as well as certain foreign government agencies when required by law. In recent years, these agencies have increased their requests for such information from Western Union and other companies (both financial service providers and others), particularly in connection with efforts to prevent terrorist financing or identity theft. During the same period, there has also been increased public attention regarding the corporate use and disclosure of personal information, accompanied by legislation and regulations intended to strengthen data protection, information security and consumer privacy. These regulatory goals—the prevention of money laundering, terrorist financing and identity theft and the protection of the individual’s right to privacy—may conflict, and the law in these areas is not consistent or settled. While we believe that Western Union is compliant with its regulatory responsibilities, the legal, political and business environments in these areas are rapidly changing, and subsequent legislation, regulation, litigation, court rulings or other events could expose Western Union to increased program costs, liability and reputational damage.

 

Banking Regulation

 

We have subsidiaries that operate under banking licenses granted by the Austrian Financial Market Authority and the Brazilian Central Bank which subject these subsidiaries to Austrian and Brazilian regulations. We are also subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the New York State Banking Department (the “Banking Department”), which has regulatory authority over our entity that holds all interest in these subsidiaries, a limited liability investment company organized under Article XII of the New York Banking Law. An Agreement of Supervision with the Banking Department imposes various regulatory requirements including operational limitations, capital requirements, affiliate transaction limitations, and notice and reporting requirements. Banking Department approval is required under the New York Banking Law and the Agreement of Supervision prior to any change in control of the Article XII investment company.

 

Since these subsidiaries do not operate any banking offices in the United States and do not conduct business in the United States except as may be incidental to their activities outside the United States, our Company’s affiliation

with these subsidiaries does not cause them to be subject to the provisions of the Bank Holding Company Act in the United States.

 

Other

 

Some of our services are subject to card association rules and regulations. For example, an independent standards-setting organization, the Payment Card Industry (“PCI”) Security Standards Council (including American Express, Discover Financial Services, JCB International, MasterCard Worldwide and Visa Inc. International) developed a set of comprehensive requirements concerning payment card account security through the transaction process, called the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”). All merchants and service providers that store, process and transmit payment card data are required to comply with PCI DSS as a condition to accepting credit cards. We are subject to annual reviews to ensure compliance with PCI regulations worldwide and are subject to fines if we are found to be non-compliant.

 

Stored-value services offered by Western Union prepaid services are subject to federal and state laws and regulations related to consumer protection, licensing, escheat and money laundering. These laws are evolving, unclear and sometimes inconsistent, and the extent to which these laws apply to Western Union or its consumers is in a state of change. We are unable to determine the impact that the clarification of these laws and their future interpretations may have on these services.

 

Employees and Labor

 

As of January 31, 2011, our businesses employed approximately 7,000 employees, of which 5,000 employees are located outside of the United States. Our United States based employees are not represented by any unions or collective bargaining agreements.

 

Available Information

 

The Western Union Company is a Delaware corporation and its principal executive offices are located at 12500 East Belford Avenue, Englewood, CO, 80112, telephone (866) 405-5012. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports are available free of charge through the “Financial Information” portion of the Company’s web site, www.westernunion.com, as soon as reasonably practical after they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the “SEC.” The SEC maintains a web site, www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information filed electronically with the SEC by the Company.

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

As of February 25, 2011, our executives consist of the individuals listed below:

 

 

Hikmet Ersek is our President and Chief Executive Officer (from September 2010) and a member of the Company’s Board of Directors (from April 2010). From January 2010 to August 2010, Mr. Ersek served as the Company’s Chief Operating Officer. Prior to January 2010, Mr. Ersek served as the Company’s Executive Vice President and Managing Director, Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia Pacific Region from December 2008. From September 2006 to December 2008, Mr. Ersek served as the Company’s Executive Vice President and Managing

Director, Europe/Middle East/Africa/South Asia. Prior to September 2006, Mr. Ersek held various positions of increasing responsibility with Western Union. Prior to joining Western Union in September 1999, Mr. Ersek was with GE Capital specializing in European payment systems and consumer finance.

 

Robin Heller is our Executive Vice President, Operations and IT. Prior to taking this position in September 2006, she was Senior Vice President, Global Operations for First Data since November 2004. From July 2003 to November 2004, Ms. Heller served in a similar capacity with Western Union. Prior to that time, she was Senior Vice President, Sales, Marketing and Operations for Western Union Commercial Services from July 2002 until June 2003 and Senior Vice President, Operations and Client Management for IPS, a First Data subsidiary, from July 2000 until June 2002. Ms. Heller joined First Data in 1988.

 

Scott Scheirman is our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to taking this position in September 2006, Mr. Scheirman held a variety of positions with increasing responsibility at First Data, including Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Western Union from 1999 to September 2006. Prior to joining First Data in 1992, Mr. Scheirman was with Ernst & Young LLP.

 

David Schlapbach is our Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. Prior to taking these positions in September 2006, Mr. Schlapbach held a variety of positions at First Data since joining it in 1996, including Deputy General Counsel—International, with responsibility for First Data’s legal matters outside the United States. In this capacity, he worked in First Data’s Paris office for four years, returning in 2004 to become General Counsel for Western Union. Prior to joining First Data, Mr. Schlapbach was an attorney at the law firm of Blackwell Sanders Peper Martin LLP in St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Schlapbach also serves as the Chairman of the Board of the Western Union Foundation. Mr. Schlapbach left the Company’s General Counsel position in May 2010 to become Chief of Staff to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, but returned to the General Counsel position in December 2010. Pursuant to a written agreement between Mr. Schlapbach and us, he intends to resign as General Counsel upon the hiring of his successor and plans to resign from the Company thereafter.

 

Stewart A. Stockdale is our President, The Americas and Executive Vice President, Global Cards and Global Key Accounts. Prior to taking this position in January 2010, Mr. Stockdale served as our Executive Vice President and President, The Americas from November 2008. From June 2008 to November 2008, Mr. Stockdale served as Executive Vice President and President, United States and Canada, with Western Union. Prior to joining Western Union in June 2008, Mr. Stockdale served as the President of Simon Brand Ventures and as Chief Marketing Officer of Simon Property Group since 2002.

 

Grover Wray is our Executive Vice President of Human Resources. Prior to taking this position in September 2006, Mr. Wray joined First Data as Senior Vice President, Human Resources for Western Union in October 2005. Prior to joining Western Union, from January 2004 to September 2005, Mr. Wray was Vice President, Leadership and Professional Development and Staffing, for Janus Capital Group. Previously, Mr. Wray served as Chief Human Resource Officer, North America for Heidrick & Struggles from 2003 to 2004. From 1988 to 2003, he held increasingly responsible senior management roles at Arthur Andersen LLP, culminating in the role of Managing Partner of Human Resources in North America.

 

David G. Yates is our Executive Vice President and President, Business Development and Innovation. Prior to taking this position in December 2010, Mr. Yates was Executive Vice President, Alternative Channels from August 2010. Prior to joining Western Union in August 2010, Mr. Yates was with First Data as Executive Vice President and President of First Data’s International Division since September 2007. From January 2004 to September 2007, Mr. Yates served as president of First Data’s Europe, Middle East and Africa division. Prior to joining First Data, Mr. Yates served in executive roles with several major international corporations, including IBM, General Electric and American Management Systems.

 

There are many factors that affect our business, financial position and results of operations, some of which are beyond our control. These risks include, but are not limited to, the risks described below. You should carefully consider all of these risks.

 

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

 

Interruptions in migration patterns, including as a result of economic conditions, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Our money transfer business relies in large part on migration, which brings workers to countries with greater economic opportunities than those available in their native countries. A significant portion of money transfers are sent by international migrants. Migration is affected by (among other factors) overall economic conditions, the availability of job opportunities, changes in immigration laws, and political or other events (such as war, terrorism or health emergencies) that would make it more difficult for workers to migrate or work abroad. Changes to these factors could adversely affect our remittance volume and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

Many of our consumers work in industries that may be impacted by deteriorating economic conditions more quickly or significantly than other industries. Reduced job opportunities, especially in construction, manufacturing, hospitality, agriculture and retail, or overall weakness in the world’s economies could adversely affect the number of money transfer transactions, the principal amounts transferred and correspondingly our results of operations. If general market softness in the economies of countries important to migrant workers continues, our results of operations could be adversely impacted. Additionally, if our consumer transactions decline, if the amount of money that consumers send per transaction declines, or if migration patterns shift due to weak or deteriorating economic conditions, our results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

Our ability to adapt technology in response to changing industry and consumer needs or trends poses a challenge to our business.

 

Our ability to compete in the markets we serve may be threatened by change, including changes in technology, changes with respect to consumer needs, competition and industry standards. We actively seek solutions that respond in a timely manner to new technology-based money transfer services such as internet, phone-based money transfer services and prepaid, stored-value and other card-based money transfer services. Failure to respond well to these challenges could adversely impact our business, financial position and results of operations. Further, even if the Company responds well to these challenges, the business and financial models offered by many of these alternatives, more technology-reliant means of money transfer may be materially less advantageous to us than the model offered by our traditional cash/agent model.

 

Our business is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations. Failure by us, our agents or subagents to comply with those laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

As described under Item 1 of Part I, our business is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations. These include financial services regulations, consumer disclosure and consumer protection laws, currency control regulations, money transfer and payment instrument licensing regulations, escheat laws, competition laws and laws covering consumer privacy, data protection and information security. New and proposed legislation relating to financial services providers and consumer protection in various jurisdictions around the world may also affect the manner in which we provide our services.

 

Our services also are subject to an increasingly strict set of legal and regulatory requirements intended to help detect and prevent money laundering, terrorist financing and other illicit activity. The interpretation of those requirements by judges, regulatory bodies and enforcement agencies is changing, often quickly and with little notice. Economic and trade sanctions programs that are administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control prohibit or restrict transactions to or from or dealings with specified countries, their

governments, and in certain circumstances, their nationals, and with individuals and entities that are specially-designated nationals of those countries, narcotics traffickers, and terrorists or terrorist organizations. As U.S. federal and state as well as foreign legislative and regulatory scrutiny and enforcement action in these areas increase, we expect that our costs of complying with these requirements will increase, perhaps substantially. Failure to comply with any of these requirements—by us or by our agents and their subagents (who are third parties over whom we have limited legal and practical control) could result in the suspension or revocation of a license or registration required to provide money transfer services, the limitation, suspension or termination of services, the seizure and/or forfeiture of our assets and/or the imposition of civil and criminal penalties, including fines. In addition to those direct costs, a failure by us or by our agents and their subagents to comply with applicable laws and regulations also could seriously damage our reputation and brands, and result in diminished revenue and profit and increased operating costs.

 

In connection with regulatory requirements to assist in the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing and pursuant to legal obligations and authorizations, we make information available to certain United States federal and state, as well as certain foreign government agencies when required by law. In recent years, these agencies have increased their requests for such information from us and other companies (both financial service providers and others), particularly in connection with efforts to prevent terrorist financing. During the same period, there has also been increased public attention regarding the corporate use and disclosure of personal information, accompanied by legislation and regulations intended to strengthen data protection, information security and consumer privacy. These regulatory goals—the prevention of money laundering, terrorist financing and identity theft and the protection of the individual’s right to privacy—may conflict, and the law in these areas is not consistent or settled. While we believe that we are compliant with our regulatory responsibilities, the legal, political and business environments in these areas are rapidly changing, and subsequent legislation, regulation, litigation, court rulings or other events could expose us to increased program costs, liability and reputational damage.

 

Changes in the regulatory environment may also impact the manner in which we may operate our business or may change the competitive landscape. Recently proposed and enacted legislation related to financial services providers and consumer protection in various jurisdictions around the world and at the federal and state level in the United States may subject us to additional regulatory oversight, mandate additional consumer disclosures, mandate additional taxes or fees to be imposed upon consumers, or otherwise impact the manner in which we provide our services.

 

For example, our business may be adversely impacted by the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Financial Reform Act” or “Act”) which became law in the United States on July 21, 2010. At this time, we are unable to predict the impact on our business because many of the provisions of the Act that could affect us require the adoption of rules or mandate studies, which could result in additional legislative or regulatory requirements. The Financial Reform Act creates a new Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection (the “Consumer Protection Bureau”) whose purpose will be to issue and enforce consumer protection initiatives governing financial products and services, including money transfer services, which will require us to provide enhanced disclosures to our money transfer customers. Depending upon the final rules to be issued by the Consumer Protection Bureau, we may need to modify our systems to provide these additional disclosures or we may be liable for the failure of our money transfer agents to comply with the Act, the extent of which liability will be determined by rules not yet enacted. In addition, rules adopted under the Act by other governmental agencies may subject our corporate interest rate and foreign exchange hedging transactions to centralized clearing and collateral posting requirements. Also, our Western Union Business Solutions (“Business Solutions”) business in the United States may be subjected to increased regulatory oversight and licensing requirements relating to the foreign exchange derivative products offered to certain of its customers.

 

Other examples of such regulatory changes are the Payment Services Directive (“PSD”) in the European Union (“EU”) which became effective in late 2009, and a similar law, the Funds Settlement Act, enacted in Japan in 2010. The PSD has changed the payments market in the EU, harmonizing the licensing and certain other requirements for offering payment and other financial services, including remittances within the EU. Previously, those requirements differed significantly among these countries. Further, the PSD and the Japanese law imposed new rules on payment service providers like Western Union. In particular, Western Union has become responsible for the compliance of its agents and their subagents in those jurisdictions who are engaged by one of our payments institution subsidiaries.

Thus, the risk of adverse regulatory action against Western Union because of actions by its agents and their subagents in those areas has increased. These changes could result in increased costs to comply with the new requirements, or in the event we or our agents or their subagents are unable to comply, could have an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations. These laws could also increase competition in some or all of our areas of service. Additional countries are likely to adopt legislation similar to these laws.

 

Our fees and/or foreign exchange spreads may be reduced or limited because of regulatory initiatives or proceedings that are either industry wide or specifically targeted at our Company. For example, initiatives both in the United States and at G-8 summit meetings have focused on lowering international remittance costs. Also, Pakistan subsidizes certain remittances into the country from Pakistanis working abroad. Remittance companies accepting the subsidy are prohibited from charging fees to the sender or receiver. Such initiatives may have an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

In 2009, one state passed a law imposing a fee on certain money transfer transactions, and certain other states have recently proposed similar legislation. Although money transfer services themselves are not generally subject to sales tax on money transfer services elsewhere in the United States, the current budget shortfalls in many jurisdictions, combined with continued federal inaction on comprehensive immigration reform, may lead other states or localities to impose similar taxes or fees. A tax or fee exclusively on money transfer services like Western Union could put us at a competitive disadvantage to other means of remittance which are not subject to the same taxes or fees.

 

We are subject to regulations imposed by the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) in the United States and similar laws in other countries, such as the Bribery Act in the United Kingdom, which generally prohibit companies and those acting on their behalf from making improper payments to foreign government officials for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Some of these laws also prohibit commercial bribery. Because our services are offered in virtually every country of the world, we face a higher risk associated with FCPA and United Kingdom Bribery Act compliance than many other companies. Any determination that we have violated these laws could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We are subject to unclaimed or abandoned property (escheat) laws in the United States and abroad which require us to turn over to certain government authorities the property of others held by us that has been unclaimed for a specified period of time, such as unpaid money transfers. We hold property subject to escheat laws and we have an ongoing program to comply with those laws. In addition, we are subject to audits with regard to our escheatment practices. Any difference between the amounts we have accrued for unclaimed property and amounts that are claimed by a state or foreign jurisdiction could have a significant impact on our results of operations and cash flows. See “—Escheat Regulations” for further discussion.

 

Our business is subject to various United States federal, state and local laws and regulations, as well as laws and regulations outside the United States. Our United States business is subject to reporting, recordkeeping and anti-money laundering provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001, and to regulatory oversight and enforcement by the United States Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, or “FinCEN.” In addition, as a money transmitter, we are subject to licensing, regulation and examination by almost all the states and the District of Columbia. With the advent of the EU PSD and similar legislation in Japan, we have become directly subject to reporting, recordkeeping and anti-money laundering regulations in those places. Our business in the EU is now subject to licensing, regulation and examination by regulators in Ireland and the United Kingdom. We are also now subject to such oversight in Japan. If additional countries adopt similar money transfer legislation, we could become subject to licensing, regulation and examination in those locations, as well. Further, we have subsidiaries that are subject to banking regulations, primarily those in Brazil and Austria. These subsidiaries are also subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the New York State Banking Department. Any determination that we have violated these laws and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

The remittance industry has come under increasing scrutiny from government regulators and others in connection with its ability to prevent its services from being abused by people seeking to defraud others. In 2009, a competitor of Western Union entered into a multi-year, multi-million dollar settlement with the Federal Trade Commission over this issue. While we believe our fraud prevention efforts are effective and comply with

applicable law and best practices, the ingenuity of criminal fraudsters, combined with the potential susceptibility to fraud by consumers during economically difficult times, make the prevention of consumer fraud a significant and challenging problem. Our failure to continue to help prevent such frauds, an increase in government enforcement activity or a change in laws or their interpretation could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

Difficult conditions in the global financial markets, the global economic crisis and continued financial market disruptions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The global capital and credit markets have experienced unprecedented volatility and disruption in recent years and we face certain risks if such events reoccur, including:

 

 

Risks associated with operations outside the United States and foreign currencies could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

An increasing portion of our revenue is generated in currencies other than the United States dollar. As a result, we are subject to risks associated with changes in the value of our revenues denominated in foreign currencies. Our Business Solutions business provides currency conversion and foreign exchange hedging services to its customers, further exposing us to foreign currency exchange risk. In order to mitigate these risks, we enter into derivative contracts. However, these contracts do not eliminate all of the risks related to fluctuating foreign currency rates.

 

Our foreign exchange risk and associated foreign exchange risk management is greater in our Business Solutions business due to the nature of this business. The significant majority of Business Solutions’ revenue is from exchanges of currency at the spot rate enabling customers to make cross-currency payments. This business also writes foreign currency forward and option contracts for our customers. The duration of these derivatives contracts is generally nine months or less. Business Solutions aggregates its foreign exchange exposures arising from customer contracts, including the derivative contracts described above, and hedges the resulting net currency risks by entering into offsetting contracts with established financial institution counterparties. If we are unable to obtain offsetting positions, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

A significant portion of our revenue is generated outside of the United States and much of the cash and cash equivalents from this business are held by our foreign entities. Repatriating these funds to the United States would, in many cases, result in significant tax obligations because most of these funds have been taxed at foreign tax rates that are relatively low compared to our combined federal and state tax rates in the United States. If repatriation of these funds is required or if a change in legislation requires a different tax treatment, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely impacted. For further discussion regarding the risk that our future effective tax rates could be adversely impacted by changes in tax laws, both domestically and internationally, see risk factor “Changes in tax laws and unfavorable resolution of tax contingencies could adversely affect our tax expense” below.

 

Money transfers and payments to, from or within or between countries may be limited or prohibited by law. At times in the past, we have been required to cease operations in particular countries due to political uncertainties or government restrictions imposed by foreign governments or the United States. Occasionally agents have been required by their regulators to cease offering our services. Additionally, economic or political instability or natural disasters may make money transfers to, from or within a particular country difficult, such as when banks are closed, when currency devaluation makes exchange rates difficult to manage or when natural disasters or civil unrest makes access to agent locations unsafe. These risks could negatively impact our ability to make payments to or receive payments from international agents or our subsidiaries or our ability to recoup funds that have been advanced to international agents or are held by our subsidiaries and could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. In addition, the general state of telecommunications and infrastructure in some lesser developed countries, including countries where we have a large number of transactions, creates operational risks for us and our agents that generally are not present in our operations in the United States and other more developed countries.

 

Many of our agents outside the United States are post offices, which are usually owned and operated by national governments. These governments may decide to change the terms under which they allow post offices to offer remittances and other financial services. For example, governments may decide to separate financial service operations from postal operations, or mandate the creation or privatization of a “post bank” or they may require multiple service providers in their network. These changes could have an adverse effect on our ability to distribute, offer or price our services in countries that are material to our business.

 

Changes in tax laws and unfavorable resolution of tax contingencies could adversely affect our tax expense.

 

Our future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in tax laws, both domestically and internationally. From time to time, the United States Congress and foreign, state and local governments consider legislation that could increase our effective tax rates. If changes to applicable tax laws are enacted, our results of operations could be negatively impacted.

Our tax returns and positions are subject to review and audit by federal, state, local and international taxing authorities. An unfavorable outcome to a tax audit could result in higher tax expense, thereby negatively impacting our results of operations. We have established contingency reserves for material, known tax exposures, including potential tax audit adjustments with respect to our international operations which were restructured in 2003, whereby our income from certain foreign-to-foreign money transfer transactions has been taxed at relatively low foreign tax rates compared to our combined federal and state tax rates in the United States. As of December 31, 2010, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits is a liability of $671.1 million, including accrued interest and penalties. Our reserves reflect our judgment as to the resolution of the issues involved if subject to judicial review. While we believe that our reserves are adequate to cover reasonably expected tax risks, there can be no assurance that, in all instances, an issue raised by a tax authority will be resolved at a financial cost that does not exceed our related reserve, and such resolution could have a material effect on our effective tax rate, financial position, results of operations and cash flows in the current period and/or future periods. With respect to these reserves, our income tax expense would include (i) any changes in tax reserves arising from material changes during the period in the facts and circumstances (i.e. new information) surrounding a tax issue, and (ii) any difference from the Company’s tax position as recorded in the financial statements and the final resolution of a tax issue during the period. Such resolution could materially increase or decrease income tax expense in our consolidated financial statements in future periods and could materially impact our operating cash flows.

 

The Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) completed its examination of the United States federal consolidated income tax returns of First Data Corporation (“First Data”) for 2003 and 2004, of which Western Union was a part, and issued a Notice of Deficiency in December 2008. The Notice of Deficiency alleges significant additional taxes, interest and penalties owed with respect to a variety of adjustments involving us and our subsidiaries, and we generally have responsibility for taxes associated with these potential Company-related adjustments under the tax allocation agreement with First Data executed at the time of the Spin-off. We agree with a number of the adjustments in the Notice of Deficiency; however, we do not agree with the Notice of Deficiency regarding several substantial adjustments representing total alleged additional tax and penalties due of approximately $114 million. As of December 31, 2010, interest on the alleged amounts due for unagreed adjustments would be approximately $36 million. A substantial part of the alleged amounts due for these unagreed adjustments relates to our international restructuring, which took effect in the fourth quarter 2003, and, accordingly, the alleged amounts due related to such restructuring largely are attributable to 2004. In September 2010, IRS counsel referred the case to the IRS Appeals Division for possible settlement. On March 20, 2009, we filed a petition in the United States Tax Court contesting those adjustments with which we do not agree. We believe our overall reserves are adequate, including those associated with the adjustments alleged in the Notice of Deficiency. If the IRS’ position in the Notice of Deficiency is sustained, our tax provision related to 2003 and later years would materially increase, which could materially impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows. An examination of the United States federal consolidated income tax returns of First Data that cover the Company’s 2005 and pre-spin-off 2006 taxable periods is ongoing, as is an examination of the Company’s United States federal consolidated income tax returns for the 2006 post-spin-off period, 2007 and 2008. The Irish income tax returns of certain subsidiaries for the years 2006 and forward are eligible to be examined by the Irish tax authorities, although no examinations have commenced. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for a further discussion of this matter.

 

Western Union has been the subject of class-action litigation, and remains the subject of other litigation as well as consent agreements with or enforcement actions by regulators.

 

Western Union has been the subject of class-action litigation in the United States, alleging that its foreign exchange rate disclosures failed to adequately inform consumers about the revenue that Western Union and its agents derive from international remittances. These suits were all settled in or before 2004, without an admission of liability, and we have made changes in our advertising and consumer forms. It is possible that because of changes in law or future litigation or regulatory action, we could be required to modify our disclosures or our practices further. These modifications could be costly to implement, restrict our ability to advertise or promote our services, limit the amount of our foreign exchange income and/or change our consumers’ behavior.

In addition, as a Company that provides global financial services primarily to consumers, we could be subject to future class-action lawsuits, other litigation or regulatory action alleging violations of consumer protection or other laws. We also are subject to claims asserted by consumers based on individual transactions.

 

In February 2010, we signed an agreement and settlement with the State of Arizona and other states regarding claims concerning our ability to prevent our service from being abused by some users to launder money or to facilitate other criminal activity. The agreement and settlement resolved all outstanding legal issues and claims with the State. In addition to certain investments in, and changes to, our anti-money laundering compliance obligations in the region during the term of the agreement, we are required to fund a multi-state not-for-profit organization promoting safety and security along the United States and Mexico border, in which California, Texas and New Mexico will participate with Arizona. The settlement relates to a number of lawsuits in which we and the State of Arizona were parties. The issues in those cases related to subpoenas for transaction data and the State’s attempt to seize money transfers originated in states other than Arizona and intended for payment in Mexico. Additional civil actions or any criminal actions could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

In the second quarter of 2009, the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) served one of our subsidiaries with a grand jury subpoena requesting documents in connection with an investigation into money transfers, including related foreign exchange rates, from the United States to the Dominican Republic from 2004 through the date of the subpoena. The Company is cooperating fully with the DOJ investigation. Due to the stage of the investigation, we are unable to predict the outcome of the investigation, or the possible loss or range of loss, if any, which could be associated with the resolution of any possible criminal charges or civil claims that may be brought against us. Should such charges or claims be brought, we could face significant fines, damage awards or regulatory consequences which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We are a defendant in two purported class action lawsuits: James P. Tennille v. The Western Union Company, and Robert P. Smet v. The Western Union Company, both of which are pending in the United States District Court for the District of Colorado. The complaints assert claims for violation of various consumer protection laws, unjust enrichment, conversion and declaratory relief, based on allegations that we wait too long to inform consumers if their money transfers are not redeemed by the recipients and that we use the unredeemed funds to generate income until the funds are escheated to state governments. The Tennille complaint was served on us on April 27, 2009. The Smet complaint was served on us on April 6, 2010. On September 21, 2009, the Court granted our motion to dismiss the Tennille complaint and gave the plaintiff leave to file an amended complaint. On October 21, 2009, Tennille filed an amended complaint. We moved to dismiss the Tennille amended complaint and the Smet complaint. On November 8, 2010, the Court denied our motion to dismiss as to the plaintiffs’ unjust enrichment and conversion claims. On February 4, 2011, the Court dismissed plaintiffs’ consumer protection claims. The plaintiffs have not sought and the Court has not granted class certification. We intend to vigorously defend ourselves against both lawsuits. However, due to the preliminary stages of these lawsuits, the fact the plaintiffs have not quantified their damage demands, and the uncertainty as to whether they will ever be certified as class actions, we are unable to determine the potential outcome.

 

Over the past several years, we have entered into consent agreements with federal and state authorities, including FinCEN, the New York State Banking Department, the California Department of Financial Institutions and the Arizona Department of Financial Institutions, relating to the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering requirements and related consumer identification matters. These agreements required us to pay civil penalties and to take certain measures to enhance our compliance with recordkeeping, reporting, training and agent oversight requirements under applicable state and federal law. The consent agreements with the New York State Banking Department and the California Department of Financial Institutions were lifted during 2008. However, the financial services industry and businesses like ours continue to be under significant federal and state regulatory scrutiny with respect to the Bank Secrecy Act and anti-money laundering compliance matters. It is possible that as a result of periodic examinations or otherwise, we could be subject to deficiency findings, fines, criminal penalties, asset seizures or enforcement actions that could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

Acquisitions and integration of new businesses create risks and may affect operating results.

 

We have acquired and may acquire businesses both inside and outside the United States. The acquisition and integration of businesses involve a number of risks. The core risks involve valuation (negotiating a fair price for the business based on inherently limited due diligence) and integration (managing the complex process of integrating the acquired company’s people, products and services, technology and other assets in an effort to realize the projected value of the acquired company and the projected synergies of the acquisition). In addition, the need in some cases to improve regulatory compliance standards is another risk associated with acquiring companies. Acquisitions often involve additional or increased risks including, for example:

 

 

Integrating operations could cause an interruption of, or divert resources from, one or more of our businesses and could result in the loss of key personnel. The diversion of management’s attention and any delays or difficulties encountered in connection with an acquisition and the integration of the acquired company’s operations could have an adverse effect on our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

As of December 31, 2010, we had $2,151.7 million of goodwill comprising approximately 27% of our total assets. An impairment review of goodwill is conducted at least once a year and more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the goodwill may not be recoverable. If we are unsuccessful in integrating the businesses we have acquired or acquire in the future, or if these acquired businesses experience declines in operating income or cash flows, adverse changes in the business climate, or if we are unable to successfully execute our strategy for these businesses, we may be required to write down the goodwill on our balance sheet associated with these acquisitions, which could have an impact on our financial position and results of operations in future periods.

 

Our consolidated balance sheet may not contain sufficient amounts or types of regulatory capital to meet the changing requirements of our various regulators worldwide, which could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We have substantial indebtedness as of December 31, 2010. Our regulators expect us to possess sufficient financial soundness and strength to adequately support our regulated subsidiaries. In addition, although we are not a bank holding company for purposes of United States law or the law of any other jurisdiction, as a global provider of payments services and in light of the changing regulatory environment in various jurisdictions, we could become subject to new capital requirements introduced or imposed by our regulators that could require us to issue securities that would qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under the Basel Committee accords or retain earnings over a period of time. Any of these requirements could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

If consumers’ confidence in our business or in traditional money transfer providers generally deteriorates, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

Our business is built on consumers’ confidence in our brands and our ability to provide fast, reliable money transfer services. Erosion in consumers’ confidence in our business, or in traditional money transfer providers as a means to transfer money, could adversely impact transaction volumes which would in turn adversely impact our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

A number of factors could adversely affect consumers’ confidence in our business, or in traditional money transfer providers generally, many of which are beyond our control, and could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. These factors include:

 

 

Many of our money transfer consumers are migrants. Consumer advocacy groups or governmental agencies could consider the migrants to be disadvantaged and entitled to protection, enhanced consumer disclosure, or other different treatment. If governments implement new laws or regulations that limit our right to set fees and/or foreign exchange spreads, or if consumer advocacy groups are able to generate widespread support for positions that are detrimental to our business, then our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

We face credit, liquidity and fraud risks from our agents, consumers and businesses that could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

The vast majority of our global funds transfer business is conducted through third-party agents that provide our services to consumers at their retail locations. These agents sell our services, collect funds from consumers and are required to pay the proceeds from these transactions to us. As a result, we have credit exposure to our agents. In some countries, our agent networks include superagents that establish subagent relationships; these agents must collect funds from their subagents in order to pay us. We are not insured against credit losses, except in certain circumstances related to agent theft or fraud. If an agent becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to pay money order, money transfer or payment services proceeds to us, we must nonetheless pay the money order, complete the money transfer or payment services on behalf of the consumer.

 

The liquidity of our agents is necessary for our business to remain strong and to continue to provide our services. If our agents fail to settle with us in a timely manner, our liquidity could be affected.

 

From time to time, we have made, and may in the future make, short term advances and longer term loans to our agents. These advances and loans generally are secured by settlement funds payable by us to these agents. However, the failure of these borrowing agents to repay these advances and loans constitutes a credit risk to us.

 

In our Business Solutions business, we are also exposed to credit risk relating to foreign currency forward and option contracts written by us to our customers. The duration of these derivative contracts is generally nine months or less. The credit risk associated with our derivative contracts increases when foreign currency exchange rates move against our customers, possibly impacting their ability to honor their obligations to deliver currency to us or to maintain appropriate collateral with us. If a customer becomes insolvent, files for bankruptcy, commits fraud or otherwise fails to pay us for the value of these contracts, we may be exposed to the value of an offsetting position with a financial institution counterparty.

We offer consumers, primarily in the United States, the ability to transfer money utilizing their credit or debit card via the internet and telephone. Because they are not face-to-face transactions, these transactions involve a greater risk of fraud. We apply verification and other tools to help authenticate transactions and protect against fraud. However, these tools are not always successful in protecting us against fraud. As the merchant of these transactions, we may bear the financial risk of the full amount sent in some of the fraudulent transactions. Issuers of credit and debit cards may also incur losses due to fraudulent transactions through our distribution channels and may elect to block transactions by their cardholders in these channels with or without notice. For example, during 2007, we received notification from several issuing banks that credit or debit cards issued by them were blocked from transacting on westernunion.com. Although these banks subsequently have allowed our consumers to use their cards again on our website, there is no certainty that these banks will not issue a similar restriction in the future, and as a result, we may continue to be impacted by notifications such as these in the future. Additionally, we may be subject to additional fees or penalties if the amount of chargebacks exceeds a certain percentage of our transaction volume. Such fees and penalties escalate over time if we do not take effective action to reduce chargebacks below the threshold, and if chargeback levels are not ultimately reduced to acceptable levels, our merchant accounts could be suspended or revoked, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

 

Breaches of our information security policies or safeguards could adversely affect our ability to operate and could damage our reputation, business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We collect, transfer and retain consumer, employee and agent data as part of our business. These activities are subject to laws and regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions. The requirements imposed by these laws and regulations, which often differ materially among the many jurisdictions, are designed to protect the privacy of personal information and to prevent that information from being inappropriately disclosed. We have developed and maintain technical and operational safeguards designed to comply with applicable legal requirements. However, despite those safeguards, it is possible that hackers, employees acting contrary to our policies or others could improperly access our systems or improperly obtain or disclose data about our consumers, agents and/or employees. Further, because some data is collected and stored by third parties, it is possible that a third party could intentionally or negligently disclose personal data in violation of law. Also, in some jurisdictions we transfer data related to our employees, consumers, agents and potential employees to third-party vendors in order to perform due diligence and for other reasons. It is possible that a vendor could intentionally or inadvertently disclose such data. Any breach of our security policies or applicable legal requirements resulting in a compromise of consumer, employee or agent data could require us to notify impacted individuals, and in some cases regulators, of a possible or actual breach, expose us to regulatory enforcement action, limit our ability to provide services, subject us to litigation and/or damage our reputation.

 

Interruptions in our systems or disruptions in our workforce may have a significant effect on our business.

 

Our ability to provide reliable service largely depends on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of our computer information systems and those of our service providers. Any significant interruptions could harm our business and reputation and result in a loss of consumers. These systems and operations could be exposed to damage or interruption from fire, natural disaster, power loss, telecommunications failure, terrorism, vendor failure, unauthorized entry and computer viruses or other causes, many of which may be beyond our control or that of our service providers. Although we have taken steps to prevent systems failure, our measures may not be successful and we may experience problems other than system failures. We also may experience software defects, development delays, installation difficulties and other systems problems, which would harm our business and reputation and expose us to potential liability which may not be fully covered by our business interruption insurance. Our data applications may not be sufficient to address technological advances, regulatory requirements, changing market conditions or other developments. In addition, any work stoppages or other labor actions by employees, the significant majority of which are located outside the United States, who support our systems or perform any of our major functions could adversely affect our business.

If we are unable to maintain our agent, subagent or global business payments networks under terms consistent with those currently in place, or if our agents or subagents fail to comply with Western Union business and technology standards and contract requirements or applicable laws and regulations, our business, financial position and results of operations would be adversely affected.

 

Most of our consumer-to-consumer revenue is derived through our agent network. In addition, our international agents may have subagent relationships in which we are not directly involved. Transaction volumes at existing agent and subagent locations often increase over time and new agents and subagents provide us with additional revenue. If, due to competition or other reasons, agents or subagents decide to leave our network, or if we are unable to sign new agents or maintain our agent network under terms consistent with those currently in place, or if our agents are unable to maintain relationships with or sign new subagents, our revenue and profit growth rates may be adversely affected. Agent attrition might occur for a number of reasons, including a competitor engaging an agent or an agent’s dissatisfaction with its relationship with us or the revenue derived from that relationship. In addition, agents may generate fewer transactions or less revenue for various reasons, including increased competition or changes in the economy. Because an agent is a third party that engages in a variety of activities in addition to providing our services, it may encounter business difficulties unrelated to its provision of our services, which could cause the agent to reduce its number of locations, hours of operation, or cease doing business altogether.

 

We rely on our agents’ information systems and/or processes to obtain transaction data. If an agent or subagent loses information, if there is a significant disruption to the information systems of an agent or subagent, or if an agent or subagent does not maintain the appropriate controls over their systems, we may experience reputational harm which could result in losses to the Company.

 

The types of enterprises that are legally authorized to act as our agents vary significantly from one country to another. Changes in the laws affecting the kinds of entities that are permitted to act as money transfer agents (such as changes in requirements for capitalization or ownership) could adversely affect our ability to distribute our services and the cost of providing such services, both by us and our agents. For example, a requirement that a money transfer provider be a bank or other highly regulated financial entity could increase significantly the cost of providing our services in many countries where that requirement does not exist today or could prevent us from offering our services in an affected country. Further, any changes in law that would require us to provide directly the money transfer services to consumers as opposed to through an agent network—effectively changing our business model—could significantly adversely impact our ability to provide our services, and/or the cost of our services, in the relevant jurisdiction. Changes mandated by laws which make Western Union responsible for any acts of its agents while they are providing the Western Union money transfer service increase our risk of regulatory liability and our costs to monitor our agents’ performance.

 

Our agents are subject to a variety of regulatory requirements, which differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and are subject to change. A material change in the regulatory requirements necessary to offer money transfer services in a jurisdiction important to our business could mean increased costs and/or operational demands on our agents, which could result in the attrition of agents and subagents, a decrease in the number of locations at which money transfer services are offered and other negative consequences. The regulatory status of our agents could affect their ability to offer our services. For example, our agents in the United States are considered Money Service Businesses, or “MSBs,” under the Bank Secrecy Act. An increasing number of banks view MSBs, as a class, as higher risk customers for purposes of their anti-money laundering programs. Furthermore, some of our domestic and international agents have had difficulty establishing or maintaining banking relationships due to the banks’ policies. If a significant number of agents are unable to maintain existing or establish new banking relationships, they may not be able to continue to offer our services.

 

Although most of our Orlandi Valuta and Vigo branded agents are not exclusive, most of our Western Union branded agents have offered our services on an exclusive basis—that is, they have agreed by contract not to provide any non-Western Union branded money transfer services. While we expect to continue signing agents under exclusive arrangements and believe that these agreements are valid and enforceable, changes in laws regulating competition or in the interpretation of those laws could undermine our ability to enforce them in the future. Recently, several countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa and South Asia, including India, have promulgated laws or regulations that effectively prohibit payment service providers, such as money transfer

companies, from agreeing to exclusive arrangements with agents in those countries. Certain institutions, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and others are actively advocating against exclusive arrangements in money transfer agent agreements. Advocates for laws prohibiting or limiting exclusivity continue to push for enactment of similar laws in other jurisdictions. In addition, certain of our agents and subagents have refused to enter into exclusive arrangements. The inability to enter into exclusive arrangements or to enforce our exclusivity rights under our contracts could adversely affect our operations and revenue by, for example, allowing competitors to benefit from the goodwill associated with the Western Union brand at our agent locations.

 

We have relationships with more than 6,400 businesses to which our customers can make payments. These relationships are a core component of our global business payments services, and we derive a substantial portion of our global business payments revenue through these relationships. If we are unable to sign new relationships or maintain our current relationships under terms consistent with those currently in place, our revenue and profit growth rates may be adversely affected.

 

Our business, financial position and results of operations could be harmed by adverse rating actions by credit rating agencies.

 

Currently, each of the major credit rating agencies has given our outstanding indebtedness an investment grade rating. If our current rating is downgraded, or if a negative outlook is provided by a rating agency, our business, financial position and results of operations could be adversely affected and perceptions of our financial strength could be damaged. This could adversely affect our relationships with our agents, particularly those agents that are financial institutions or post offices. In addition, if a downgrade or a negative outlook is provided by a rating agency, it could result in regulators imposing additional capital and other requirements on us, including imposing restrictions on the ability of our regulated subsidiaries to pay dividends. Also, a significant downgrade could increase our costs of borrowing money, adversely affecting our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We face competition from global and niche or corridor money transfer providers, United States and international banks, card associations, card-based payments providers and a number of other types of service providers, including electronic and internet providers. Our continued growth depends on our ability to compete effectively in the industry.

 

Money transfer and global business payments are highly competitive industries which include service providers from a variety of financial and non-financial business groups. Our competitors include banks, credit unions, ATM providers and operators, card associations, card-based payments providers such as issuers of e-money, travel cards or stored-value cards, informal remittance systems, web-based services, telephone payment systems (including mobile phone networks), postal organizations, retailers, check cashers, mail and courier services, currency exchanges and traditional money transfer companies. These services are differentiated by features and functionalities such as speed, convenience, network size, hours of operations, loyalty programs, reliability and price. Our continued growth depends on our ability to compete effectively in these industries. We have made periodic pricing decreases in response to competition and to implement our brand investment strategy, which includes better meeting consumer needs, maximizing market opportunities and strengthening our overall competitive positioning. Pricing decreases generally reduce margins, but are done in anticipation that they will result in increased transaction volumes. In addition, failure to compete on service differentiation could significantly affect our future growth potential and results of operations.

 

As noted above, many of our agents outside the United States are national post offices. These entities are usually governmental organizations that may enjoy special privileges or protections that could allow them to simultaneously develop their own money transfer businesses. International postal organizations could agree to establish a money transfer network among themselves. Due to the size of these organizations and the number of locations they have, any such network could represent significant competition to us. Because these entities are governmental organizations, they may be able to—or be required to—offer their money transfer services to the public at, near or below their cost of providing such services.

Our ability to remain competitive depends in part on our ability to protect our brands and our other intellectual property rights and to defend ourselves against potential patent infringement claims.

 

The Western Union brand, which is protected by trademark registrations in many countries, is material to our Company. The loss of the Western Union trademark or a diminution in the perceived quality associated with the name would harm our business. Similar to the Western Union trademark, the Vigo, Orlandi Valuta, Speedpay, Paymap, Equity Accelerator, Just in Time EFT, Pago Fácil, Western Union Payments, Western Union Quick Collect, Quick Pay, Quick Cash, Convenience Pay, Western Union Business Solutions and other trademarks and service marks are also important to our Company and a loss of the service mark or trademarks or a diminution in the perceived quality associated with these names could harm our business.

 

Our intellectual property rights are an important element in the value of our business. Our failure to take appropriate actions against those who infringe upon our intellectual property could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

The laws of certain foreign countries in which we do business either do not recognize intellectual property rights or do not protect them to the same extent as do the laws of the United States. Adverse determinations in judicial or administrative proceedings in the United States or in foreign countries could impair our ability to sell our services or license or protect our intellectual property, which could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We have been, are and in the future may be, subject to claims alleging that our technology or business methods infringe patents owned by others, both inside and outside the United States. Unfavorable resolution of these claims could require us to change how we deliver a service, result in significant financial consequences, or both, which could adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations.

 

We receive services from third-party vendors that would be difficult to replace if those vendors ceased providing such services which could cause temporary disruption to our business.

 

Some services relating to our business, such as software application support, the development, hosting and maintenance of our operating systems, check clearing, and processing of returned checks are outsourced to third-party vendors, which would be difficult to replace quickly. If our third-party vendors were unwilling or unable to provide us with these services in the future, our business and operations could be adversely affected.

 

Material changes in the market value or liquidity of the securities we hold may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

As of December 31, 2010, we held $1.4 billion in investment securities, substantially all of which are high quality investment grade state and municipal debt securities. The majority of this money represents the principal of money transfers sent by consumers and money orders issued by us to consumers in the United States. Under the PSD in the EU, we expect to have a similar portfolio of investment securities, which we will manage in a similar manner and under similar guidelines as our current portfolio. We regularly monitor our credit risk and attempt to mitigate our exposure by making high quality investments and by diversifying our investments. At December 31, 2010, the majority of our investment securities had credit ratings of “AA-” or better from a major credit rating agency. Despite those ratings, it is possible that the value of our portfolio may decline in the future due to any number of factors, including general market conditions, credit issues, the viability of the issuer of the security, failure by a fund manager to manage the investment portfolio consistently with the fund prospectus or increases in interest rates. Any such decline in value may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The trust holding the assets of our pension plans has assets totaling approximately $290.1 million as of December 31, 2010. The fair value of these assets held in the trust are compared to the plans’ projected benefit obligation to determine the pension liability of $112.8 million recorded within “Other liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010. We attempt to mitigate risk through diversification, and we regularly monitor investment risk on our portfolio through quarterly investment portfolio reviews and periodic asset and liability studies. Despite these measures, it is possible that the value of our portfolio may decline in the

future due to any number of factors, including general market conditions and credit issues. Such declines could have an impact on the funded status of our pension plans and future funding requirements.

 

We have substantial debt obligations that could restrict our operations.

 

As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately $3.3 billion in consolidated indebtedness, and we may also incur additional indebtedness in the future.

 

Our indebtedness could have adverse consequences, including:

 

 

There would be adverse tax consequences associated with using certain earnings generated outside the United States to pay the interest and principal on our indebtedness. Accordingly, this portion of our cash flow will be unavailable under normal circumstances to service our debt obligations.

 

Risks Relating to the Spin-Off

 

We were incorporated in Delaware as a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Data on February 17, 2006. On September 29, 2006, First Data distributed 100% of its money transfer and consumer payments businesses and its interest in a Western Union money transfer agent, as well as related assets, including real estate, through a tax-free distribution to First Data shareholders (“Spin-off”) through this previously owned subsidiary.

 

If the Spin-off does not qualify as a tax-free transaction, First Data and its stockholders could be subject to material amounts of taxes and, in certain circumstances, we could be required to indemnify First Data for material taxes pursuant to indemnification obligations under the tax allocation agreement.

 

First Data received a private letter ruling from the IRS to the effect that, the Spin-off (including certain related transactions) qualifies as tax-free to First Data, us and First Data stockholders for United States federal income tax purposes under sections 355, 368 and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, assuming, among other things, the accuracy of the representations made by First Data with respect to certain matters on which the IRS did not rule. If the factual assumptions or representations made in the private letter ruling request were determined to be untrue or incomplete, then First Data and ourselves would not be able to rely on the ruling.

 

The Spin-off was conditioned upon First Data’s receipt of an opinion of Sidley Austin LLP, counsel to First Data, to the effect that, with respect to requirements on which the IRS did not rule, those requirements would be satisfied. The opinion was based on, among other things, certain assumptions and representations as to factual matters made by First Data and us which, if untrue or incomplete, would jeopardize the conclusions reached by counsel in its opinion. The opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and the IRS or the courts may not agree with the opinion.

 

If, notwithstanding receipt of the private letter ruling and opinion of tax counsel, the Spin-off were determined to be a taxable transaction, each holder of First Data common stock who received shares of our common stock in connection with the Spin-off would generally be treated as receiving a taxable distribution in an amount equal to the fair value of our common stock received. First Data would recognize taxable gain equal to the excess of the fair value of the consideration received by First Data in the contribution over First Data’s tax basis in the assets contributed to us in the contribution. If First Data were unable to pay any taxes for which it is responsible under the tax allocation agreement, the IRS might seek to collect such taxes from Western Union.

Even if the Spin-off otherwise qualified as a tax-free distribution under section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code, the Spin-off may result in significant United States federal income tax liabilities to First Data if 50% or more of First Data’s stock or our stock (in each case, by vote or value) is treated as having been acquired, directly or indirectly, by one or more persons as part of a plan (or series of related transactions) that includes the Spin-off. For purposes of this test, any acquisitions, or any understanding, arrangement or substantial negotiations regarding an acquisition, within two years before or after the Spin-off are subject to special scrutiny.

 

With respect to taxes and other liabilities that could be imposed as a result of a final determination that is inconsistent with the anticipated tax consequences of the Spin-off (as set forth in the private letter ruling and relevant tax opinion) (“Spin-off Related Taxes”), we, one of our affiliates or any person that, after the Spin-off, is an affiliate thereof, will be liable to First Data for any such Spin-off Related Taxes attributable solely to actions taken by or with respect to us. In addition, we will also be liable for 50% of any Spin-off Related Taxes (i) that would not have been imposed but for the existence of both an action by us and an action by First Data or (ii) where we and First Data each take actions that, standing alone, would have resulted in the imposition of such Spin-off Related Taxes. We may be similarly liable if we breach certain representations or covenants set forth in the tax allocation agreement. If we are required to indemnify First Data for taxes incurred as a result of the Spin-off being taxable to First Data, it likely would have an adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

 

Not applicable.

 

 

Properties and Facilities

 

As of December 31, 2010, we have offices in approximately 50 countries, which includes three owned facilities and approximately 20 United States and 340 international leased properties. Our owned facilities include our corporate headquarters located in Englewood, Colorado.

 

Our owned and leased facilities are used for operational, sales and administrative purposes in support of both our consumer-to-consumer and global business payments segments and are all currently being utilized. In certain locations, our offices include customer service centers, where our employees answer operational questions from agents and customers. Our office in Dublin, Ireland serves as our international headquarters.

 

We believe that our facilities are suitable and adequate for our current business; however, we periodically review our facility requirements and may acquire new facilities to meet the needs of our businesses or consolidate and dispose of or sublet facilities which are no longer required.

 

 

On July 26, 2010, U.F.C.W. Local 1776 & Participating Employers Pension Fund filed a Verified Shareholder Double Derivative Complaint and Jury Demand in United States District Court for the District of Colorado, alleging that the Company’s Board of Directors failed to appropriately oversee the Company’s compliance program, particularly in regard to the alleged deficiencies which resulted in the Company’s agreement and settlement with the State of Arizona and other states in early 2010. In addition to naming the Company’s Board members as individual defendants, the complaint names the Company and its subsidiary Western Union Financial Services, Inc. as nominal defendants. The complaint seeks damages from the individual defendants for breach of fiduciary duty and waste of corporate assets and an order requiring various corrective measures. On September 10, 2010, the United States District Court for the District of Colorado dismissed the complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. On September 23, 2010, the plaintiff re-filed the complaint in Maricopa County Superior Court in Arizona. The complaint was removed to the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. The Company has moved to dismiss the complaint on jurisdictional grounds.

 

In the second quarter of 2009, the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) served one of the Company’s subsidiaries with a grand jury subpoena requesting documents in connection with an investigation into money transfers, including related foreign exchange rates, from the United States to the

Dominican Republic from 2004 through the date of subpoena. The Company is cooperating fully with the DOJ investigation. Due to the stage of the investigation, the Company is unable to predict the outcome of the investigation, or the possible loss or range of loss, if any, which could be associated with the resolution of any possible criminal charges or civil claims that may be brought against the Company. Should such charges or claims be brought, the Company could face significant fines, damage awards or regulatory consequences which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position and results of operations.

 

The Company is a party to a variety of legal proceedings that arise in the normal course of our business. While the results of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes that the final outcome of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial position.

 

 

 

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WU.” There were 4,365 stockholders of record as of February 18, 2011. This figure does not include an estimate of the indeterminate number of beneficial holders whose shares may be held of record by brokerage firms and clearing agencies. The following table presents the high and low prices of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as well as dividends declared per share during the calendar quarter indicated.

 

 

The following table sets forth stock repurchases for each of the three months of the quarter ended December 31, 2010:

 

 

 

 

Refer to Note 16 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for information related to our equity compensation plans.

 

Dividend Policy

 

On December 8, 2010 our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.07 per share payable on December 31, 2010. During 2010, the Company’s Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.06 per common share payable on March 31, 2010, June 30, 2010 and October 14, 2010. On December 9, 2009, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.06 per share payable on December 30, 2009. The

declaration and amount of future dividends will be determined by our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, earnings, capital requirements, regulatory constraints, industry practice and any other factors that our Board of Directors believes are relevant. As a holding company with no material assets other than the capital stock of our subsidiaries, our ability to pay dividends in future periods will be dependent on our receiving dividends from our operating subsidiaries. Several of our operating subsidiaries are subject to financial services regulations and their ability to pay dividends may be restricted.

 

On February 25, 2011, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.07 per share payable on March 31, 2011.

 

The financial information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K is presented on a consolidated basis and includes the accounts of the Company and our majority-owned subsidiaries. The financial information for the periods presented prior to our spin-off (the “Spin-off”) from First Data Corporation (“First Data”) on September 29, 2006 (the “Spin-off Date”) is presented on a combined basis and represents those entities that were ultimately transferred to us as part of the Spin-off. The assets and liabilities presented have been reflected on a historical basis, as prior to the Spin-off such assets and liabilities presented were 100% owned by First Data. However, the financial statements for the periods presented prior to the Spin-off do not include all of the actual expenses that would have been incurred had Western Union been a stand-alone entity during the periods presented and do not reflect Western Union’s combined results of operations, financial position and cash flows had Western Union been a stand-alone company during the periods presented.

 

Our selected historical financial data are not necessarily indicative of our future financial position, future results of operations or future cash flows.

 

You should read the information set forth below in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

 

 

 

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Certain statements contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See “Risk Factors” and “Forward-looking Statements.”

 

Overview

 

We are a leading provider of money movement services, operating in two business segments:

 

 

Businesses not considered part of the segments described above are categorized as “Other” and primarily include our money order services, and represented 2% or less of consolidated revenue during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. Prior to October 1, 2009, the Company’s money orders were issued by Integrated Payment Systems Inc. (“IPS”), a subsidiary of First Data Corporation (“First Data”), to consumers at retail locations primarily in the United States and Canada. Effective October 1, 2009, we assumed the responsibility for issuing money orders.

 

Also included in “Other” are expenses incurred in connection with the development of certain new service offerings, including costs to develop mobile money transfer services, new prepaid service offerings and costs incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions.

 

Significant Financial and Other Highlights

 

Significant financial and other highlights for the year ended December 31, 2010 included:

 

 

 

Our strategic priorities for ensuring our long-term success include accelerating profitable growth in our retail channels, expanding our electronic channels to offer more choice and gain new consumers, developing new products and services for our consumers and improving our processes and productivity to help drive growth and improve our profitability. Significant factors affecting our financial position and results of operations include:

 

 

Spin-off from First Data

 

We were incorporated in Delaware as a wholly-owned subsidiary of First Data on February 17, 2006. On September 29, 2006, First Data distributed all of its money transfer and consumer payments businesses and its interest in a Western Union money transfer agent, as well as its related assets, including real estate, through a tax-free distribution to First Data shareholders (“Spin-off”) through this previously owned subsidiary.

 

Basis of Presentation

 

The financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are presented on a consolidated basis and include the accounts of our Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and accounts have been eliminated.

 

Components of Revenues and Expenses

 

The following briefly describes the components of revenues and expenses as presented in the consolidated statements of income. Descriptions of our revenue recognition policies are included in Note 2—“Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our consolidated financial statements.

 

Transaction fees—Transaction fees are charged for sending money transfers and for global business payments services. Consumer-to-consumer transaction fees generally vary according to the principal amount of the money transfer and the locations from and to which the funds are sent and received. Transaction fees represented 78% of our total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Foreign exchange revenues—In certain consumer money transfer and global business payments transactions involving different currencies, we generate revenues based on the difference between the exchange rate set by us to the customer and the rate at which we or our agents are able to acquire currency. Foreign exchange revenues growth has historically been primarily driven by growth in international cross-currency transactions. As a result of the acquisition of Custom House, our foreign exchange revenues have increased. Foreign exchange revenues represented 20% of our total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Commission and other revenues—Commission and other revenues primarily consist of commissions and fees we receive in connection with the sale of money orders, investment income primarily derived from interest generated on money transfer, money order and payment services settlement assets as well as realized net gains and losses from such assets and enrollment fees received when consumers enroll in our Equity Accelerator program (a recurring mortgage payment service program). Commission and other revenues represented 2% of our total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. As described above, prior to October 1, 2009, our money orders were issued by IPS, from whom we received a commission. Effective October 1, 2009, we assumed the responsibility for issuing money orders and no longer receive a commission from IPS. We now recognize fees and investment income derived from interest generated on money order settlement assets as well as realized net gains and losses from such assets similar to our money transfer and payment services settlement assets.

 

Cost of services—Cost of services primarily consists of agent commissions, which represent approximately 70% of total cost of services, and expenses for call centers, settlement operations, and related information technology costs. Expenses within these functions include personnel, software, equipment, telecommunications, bank fees, depreciation and amortization and other expenses incurred in connection with providing money transfer and other payment services.

 

Selling, general and administrative—Selling, general and administrative, or “SG&A,” primarily consists of salaries, wages and related expenses paid to sales and administrative personnel, as well as certain advertising and promotional costs and other selling and administrative expenses.

 

Interest income—Interest income consists of interest earned on cash balances not required to satisfy settlement obligations and in connection with loans previously made to several existing agents.

 

Interest expense—Interest expense represents interest incurred in connection with outstanding borrowings, including applicable amounts associated with interest rate swaps.

Derivative losses, net—Represents the portion of the change in fair value of foreign currency accounting hedges that is excluded from the measurement of effectiveness, which includes (a) differences between changes in forward rates and spot rates and (b) gains or losses on the contract and any offsetting positions during periods in which the instrument is not designated as a hedge. Although the majority of changes in the value of our hedges are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income or loss until settlement (i.e., spot rate changes), the remaining portion of changes in value are recognized in income as they occur. Derivative gains and losses do not include fluctuations in foreign currency forward contracts intended to mitigate exposures on settlement activities of our consumer-to-consumer money transfer business or on certain foreign currency denominated cash positions. Gains and losses associated with those foreign currency forward contracts are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Derivative gains and losses also do not include fluctuations in foreign currency forward and option contracts used in our international business-to-business payments operations. The impact of these contracts is classified within foreign exchange revenues in the consolidated statements of income.

 

Other income, net—Other income, net is comprised primarily of equity earnings from equity method investments and other income and expenses.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following discussion of our consolidated results of operations and segment results refers to the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 and the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. The results of operations should be read in conjunction with the discussion of our segment results of operations, which provide more detailed discussions concerning certain components of the consolidated statements of income. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions between our Company’s segments have been eliminated.

 

We incurred expenses of $59.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 for restructuring and related activities, which have not been allocated to segments. No restructuring and related expenses were recognized in the corresponding period in 2009 and we incurred expenses of $82.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. While these items are identifiable to our segments, they are not included in the measurement of segment operating profit provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) for purposes of assessing segment performance and decision making with respect to resource allocation. For additional information on restructuring and related activities refer to “Operating expenses overview.”

 

During the year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded a $71.0 million settlement accrual, which was not allocated to the segments. While this item was identifiable to our consumer-to-consumer segment, it was not included in the measurement of segment operating profit provided to the CODM for purposes of assessing segment performance and decision making with respect to resource allocation. For additional information on the settlement accrual, refer to “Selling, general and administrative” expenses.

The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.

 

 

 

 

Revenues overview

 

The majority of transaction fees and foreign exchange revenues were contributed by our consumer-to-consumer segment for all periods presented, which is discussed in greater detail in “Segment Discussion.”

 

2010 compared to 2009

 

Consolidated revenue increased 2% during the year ended December 31, 2010 due to consumer-to-consumer transaction growth and the acquisition of Custom House, which contributed $111.0 million to revenue in 2010 and $30.8 million in 2009. Transaction growth and incremental Custom House revenue were offset by price decreases, primarily related to pricing reductions taken in the domestic business (transactions between and within the United States and Canada) commencing in the fourth quarter of 2009, declines in our United States bill payments businesses, geographic and product mix, including a higher percentage of revenue earned from intra-country activity, which has a lower revenue per transaction, and the strengthening of the United States dollar compared to most other foreign currencies, which negatively impacted revenue.

 

The Europe, Middle East, Africa and South Asia (“EMEASA”) region of our consumer-to-consumer segment, which represented 44% of our total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010, experienced flat

revenue despite transaction growth. Transaction growth was offset by the strengthening of the United States dollar in the region compared to most other foreign currencies, which negatively impacted revenue, and many of the same factors described above.

 

The Americas region (including North America, Latin America, the Caribbean and South America) of our consumer-to-consumer segment, which represented 31% of our total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010, experienced revenue increases due to strong transaction growth, although the increase was mostly offset by the impact of pricing actions taken in our domestic business in the fourth quarter of 2009.

 

The global business payments segment, which is discussed in greater detail in “Segment Discussion,” also experienced revenue growth during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year due to our acquisition of Custom House, which was partially offset by declines in our United States bill payments businesses.

 

Foreign exchange revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2010 over 2009 primarily due to foreign exchange revenues contributed from our acquisition of Custom House. In addition to the impact of Custom House, foreign exchange revenues in the consumer-to-consumer segment also grew, driven primarily by revenue from the international business outside of the United States.

 

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and currencies other than the United States dollar have resulted in a reduction of transaction fee and foreign exchange revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 of $36.8 million over the previous year, net of foreign currency hedges, that would not have occurred had there been constant currency rates. The largest impact was related to the EMEASA region.

 

2009 compared to 2008

 

Consolidated revenue declined 4% during the year ended December 31, 2009. The revenue decline was attributable to the weak global economy and slowing transaction growth, and to a lesser extent, geographic mix, product mix including a higher percentage of revenue earned from intra-country activity, which has lower revenue per transaction than cross-border transactions, and price decreases. Also impacting the revenue decline was the strengthening of the United States dollar compared to most other foreign currencies for the majority of the year, which adversely impacted revenue by approximately 3%, as discussed below.

 

The EMEASA region of our consumer-to-consumer segment, which represented 45% of our total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009, experienced revenue declines and slower transaction growth rates during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the corresponding period in the prior year. The revenue declines were driven by most of the same factors discussed above. The acquisition of FEXCO’s money transfer business did not have an impact on our revenue as we were already recognizing 100% of the revenue arising from money transfers originating at FEXCO’s locations.

 

The Americas region of our consumer-to-consumer segment, which represented 32% of our total consolidated revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009, experienced revenue and transaction declines due to the overall weak United States economy. Our Americas results were further impacted by pricing reductions taken in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2009 which improved our transaction volumes, but contributed to the decline in revenue.

 

The global business payments segment, which is discussed in greater detail in “Segment Discussion,” also experienced revenue declines during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the corresponding prior period. Revenue was adversely impacted by the weak economic situation in the United States, which resulted in a revenue decline in our United States cash and electronic bill payments businesses. Offsetting these declines in 2009 were the results of our Custom House acquisition, which contributed $30.8 million of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

Foreign exchange revenues increased for the year ended December 31, 2009 over 2008 primarily due to foreign exchange revenues from Business Solutions. Excluding the impact of Business Solutions, foreign exchange revenues decreased at a rate relatively consistent with the decrease in our revenue from our international consumer-to-consumer business outside of the United States.

 

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and currencies other than the United States dollar have resulted in a reduction to transaction fee and foreign exchange revenue for the year ended December 31,

2009 of $119.5 million over the previous year, net of foreign currency hedges, that would not have occurred had there been constant currency rates. The impact to earnings per share during the period was less than the revenue impact due to the translation of expenses and our foreign currency hedging program. The majority of our foreign currency exchange rate exposure is related to the EMEASA region.

 

Operating expenses overview

 

The following factors impacted both cost of services and selling, general and administrative expenses during the periods presented:

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, restructuring and related expenses of $15.0 million are classified within “cost of services” and $44.5 million are classified within “selling, general and administrative” in the consolidated statements of income. No restructuring and related expenses were recognized in 2009.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2008, restructuring and related expenses of $62.8 million and $20.1 million are classified within “cost of services” and “selling, general and administrative” expenses, respectively, in the consolidated statements of income. These restructuring and related expenses are associated with the closure of our facilities in Missouri and Texas and other reorganization plans executed in 2008. No expenses were recognized for these restructurings in 2009.

 

Cost of services

 

Cost of services increased for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year primarily due to incremental costs, including those related to Custom House, our money order business and advancing our electronic channel initiatives, including our web and account based money transfer services; agent commissions, which primarily increase in relation to revenue increases; and restructuring and related expenses of $15.0 million, offset by operating efficiencies, primarily decreased bad debt expense. Cost of services as a percentage of revenue was 57% for both of the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009 as incremental operating costs, including costs associated with our money order business and advancing our electronic channel initiatives, including our web and account based money transfer services, and restructuring and related expenses were offset by operating efficiencies, primarily decreased bad debt expense.

 

Cost of services decreased for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 primarily due to agent commissions, which decreased due to revenue declines, as well as reduced commissions resulting from the acquisition of FEXCO and other selective consumer-to-consumer commission initiatives. Also impacting cost of services was the strengthening of the United States dollar for most of 2009 compared to most other foreign currencies, which resulted in a favorable impact on the translation of our expenses, and restructuring costs incurred in 2008 which did not recur in 2009 and the related 2009 cost savings. These costs were offset by incremental operating costs, including increased technology costs and costs associated with Custom House. Cost of

services as a percentage of revenue was 57% and 59% for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The decrease in cost of services as a percentage of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the corresponding period in 2008 was generally due to reduced commissions resulting from the acquisition of FEXCO and selective consumer-to-consumer agent commission initiatives, restructuring costs incurred in 2008 which did not recur in 2009 and the related 2009 cost savings, offset somewhat by incremental operating costs, including increased technology costs and costs associated with Custom House.

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) decreased for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the settlement accrual that was recorded in 2009, as described below, lower marketing expenses and operating efficiencies, offset by incremental costs associated with Custom House and our retail expansion in Europe pursuant to the Payment Services Directive, restructuring and related expenses of $44.5 million and higher employee compensation costs.

 

SG&A increased for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the same period in the prior year due to the settlement accrual described below, incremental costs associated with the acquisitions of FEXCO and Custom House including costs related to evaluating and closing these acquisitions and other increased operating expenses, offset by better leveraging of our marketing expenses, and restructuring costs incurred in 2008 which did not recur in 2009.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2009, we recorded an accrual of $71.0 million for an agreement and settlement with the State of Arizona and other states. On February 11, 2010, we signed this agreement and settlement, which resolved all outstanding legal issues and claims with the State and requires us to fund a multi-state not-for-profit organization promoting safety and security along the United States and Mexico border, in which California, Texas and New Mexico will participate with Arizona. The accrual includes amounts for reimbursement to the State of Arizona for its costs associated with this matter. In addition, as part of the agreement and settlement, we expect to make certain investments in our compliance programs along the United States and Mexico border and have engaged a monitor for those programs, which are expected to cost up to $23 million over the period from signing to 2013.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, marketing related expenditures, principally classified within SG&A, were approximately 4%, 5%, and 5%, respectively, of revenue. Marketing related expenditures include advertising, events, loyalty programs and the cost of employees dedicated to marketing activities. When making decisions with respect to marketing investments, we review opportunities for advertising and other marketing related expenditures together with opportunities for fee adjustments, as discussed in “Segment Discussion,” for consumer-to-consumer revenues and other initiatives in order to best maximize the return on these investments.

 

Total other expense, net

 

Total other expense, net increased during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 2009 primarily due to an increase in interest expense resulting from our $250 million note issuance and financing costs incurred in connection with our note exchange, and a decrease in interest income due to lower short-term interest rates and the repayment of a note receivable due from an agent. These amounts were partially offset by the recovery of $6.3 million of the $12 million reserve recorded in the prior year against our receivable from the Reserve International Liquidity Fund due to the final settlement.

 

Total other expense, net increased during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 2008 due to a decrease in interest income primarily due to lower short-term interest rates and lower average interest-bearing cash balances, the reserve taken against our receivable from the Reserve International Liquidity Fund, Ltd. mentioned above and a decline in earnings on our equity method investments in 2009, primarily as a result of the absence of equity method earnings for FEXCO subsequent to the February 2009 acquisition date.

 

Income taxes

 

Our effective tax rates on pre-tax income were 20.5%, 25.0% and 25.8% for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. We continue to benefit from an increasing proportion of profits being foreign-derived,

and therefore taxed at lower rates than our combined federal and state tax rates in the United States. In addition, during 2010, we have also benefitted from cumulative and ongoing tax planning benefits, including benefits related to certain previous foreign acquisitions, and from certain IRS settlements related to 2002 through 2004.

 

We have established contingency reserves for material, known tax exposures, including potential tax audit adjustments with respect to our international operations restructured in 2003. As of December 31, 2010, the total amount of tax contingency reserves was $607.9 million, including accrued interest and penalties, net of related benefits. Our reserves reflect our judgment as to the resolution of the issues involved if subject to judicial review. While we believe that our reserves are adequate to cover reasonably expected tax risks, there can be no assurance that, in all instances, an issue raised by a tax authority will be resolved at a financial cost that does not exceed our related reserve. With respect to these reserves, our income tax expense would include (i) any changes in tax reserves arising from material changes during the period in facts and circumstances (i.e. new information) surrounding a tax issue and (ii) any difference from our tax position as recorded in the financial statements and the final resolution of a tax issue during the period. Such resolution could materially increase or decrease income tax expense in our consolidated financial statements in future periods and could impact our operating cash flows.

 

The IRS completed its examination of the United States federal consolidated income tax returns of First Data for 2003 and 2004, of which we are a part, and issued a Notice of Deficiency in December 2008. The Notice of Deficiency alleges significant additional taxes, interest and penalties owed with respect to a variety of adjustments involving us and our subsidiaries, and we generally have responsibility for taxes associated with these potential Western Union-related adjustments under the tax allocation agreement with First Data executed at the time of the spin-off. We agree with a number of the adjustments in the Notice of Deficiency; however, we do not agree with the Notice of Deficiency regarding several substantial adjustments representing total alleged additional tax and penalties due of approximately $114 million. As of December 31, 2010, interest on the alleged amounts due for unagreed adjustments would be approximately $36 million. A substantial part of the alleged amounts due for these unagreed adjustments relates to our international restructuring, which took effect in the fourth quarter 2003, and, accordingly, the alleged amounts due related to such restructuring largely are attributable to 2004. On March 20, 2009, we filed a petition in the United States Tax Court contesting those adjustments with which we do not agree. In September 2010, IRS Counsel referred the case to the IRS Appeals Division for possible settlement. We believe our overall reserves are adequate, including those associated with adjustments alleged in the Notice of Deficiency. If the IRS’ position in the Notice of Deficiency is sustained, our tax provision related to 2003 and later years would materially increase, which could materially impact our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

 

In 2010, we made a $250 million refundable tax deposit relating to potential United States federal tax liabilities, including those arising from our 2003 international restructuring, which have been previously accrued in our financial statements. Making the deposit limits the further accrual of interest charges with respect to such potential tax liabilities, to the extent of the deposit. The $250 million refundable tax deposit is recorded as a reduction to “Income taxes payable” in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2010.

 

Earnings per share

 

During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, basic earnings per share were $1.37, $1.21 and $1.26, respectively, and diluted earnings per share were $1.36, $1.21 and $1.24, respectively. Unvested shares of restricted stock are excluded from basic shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if outstanding stock options at the presented dates are exercised and shares of restricted stock have vested. As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, there were 34.0 million, 37.5 million and 8.0 million, respectively, of outstanding options to purchase shares of Western Union stock excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation under the treasury stock method as their effect was anti-dilutive. The increase in anti-dilutive shares in 2010 and 2009 compared to 2008 was primarily due to the majority of our outstanding options having an exercise price higher than our average market price for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

 

Of the 37.5 million, 42.8 million and 43.6 million outstanding options to purchase shares of our common stock as of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, approximately 35%, 40% and 47%, respectively, were held by employees of First Data.

Earnings per share increased for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the corresponding previous period as a result of the previously described factors impacting net income and lower weighted-average shares outstanding. Earnings per share decreased for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 2008 as a result of the previously described factors impacting net income, offset by lower weighted-average diluted shares outstanding. The lower number of shares outstanding was due to stock repurchases exceeding stock option exercises in both 2010 and 2009 compared to the corresponding periods in the prior years.

 

Segment Discussion

 

We manage our business around the consumers and businesses we serve and the types of services we offer. Each of our two segments addresses a different combination of consumer groups, distribution networks and services offered. Our segments are consumer-to-consumer and global business payments. Businesses not considered part of these segments are categorized as “Other.”

 

The business segment measurements provided to, and evaluated by, our CODM are computed in accordance with the following principles:

 

 

The following table sets forth the components of segment revenues as a percentage of the consolidated totals for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.

 

 

 

Consumer-to-Consumer Segment

 

The following table sets forth our consumer-to-consumer segment results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.

 

 

The table below sets forth transaction and revenue growth/(decline) rates by region for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.

 

 

 

 

When referring to revenue and transaction growth rates for individual countries in the following discussion, all transactions to, from and within those countries, and 100% of the revenue associated with each transaction to, from and within those countries are included. The countries of India and China combined represented approximately 7%, 7% and 6% of our consolidated revenues during the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. No individual country, other than the United States, represented more than approximately 6%, 6% and 7% of our consolidated revenue for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

Transaction fees and foreign exchange revenues

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year, consumer-to-consumer money transfer revenue grew 2% primarily due to transaction growth of 9%. Transaction growth was offset by price decreases, primarily related to pricing reductions taken in the domestic business commencing in the fourth quarter of 2009, geographic and product mix, including a higher percentage of revenue earned from intra-country activity, and the strengthening of the United States dollar compared to most other foreign currencies, which negatively impacted revenue by approximately 1%. Our international consumer-to-consumer business experienced revenue growth of 3% on transaction growth of 8% for the year ended December 31, 2010. Our international business represents all transactions other than transactions between and within the United States and Canada and transactions to and from Mexico. Our international consumer-to-consumer business outside of the United States also experienced revenue growth on transaction increases for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Revenue in our EMEASA region remained flat during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year despite transaction growth of 5%. Transaction growth was offset by the strengthening of the United States dollar compared to most other foreign currencies in the region and many of the same factors described above. Our European market experienced transaction growth during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year. In addition, for the full year ended December 31, 2010, revenue and transactions in the Gulf States declined moderately compared to the same period in 2009, however, both revenue and transactions grew in the fourth quarter of 2010 compared to the comparable period in the prior year. India had transaction growth of 4% and revenue growth of 5% for the year ended December 31, 2010 versus the same period in 2009.

 

Americas revenue increased 2% on transaction growth of 11% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year due to the pricing actions taken in the domestic business commencing in the fourth quarter of 2009. Our domestic business experienced revenue declines of 6% on transaction growth of 28% for the year ended December 31, 2010 due to the same factors. However, in the fourth quarter of 2010, our domestic business experienced revenue growth of 7% on transaction growth of 29% as we reached the anniversary of the pricing reductions taken in the fourth quarter of 2009. Our United States outbound business experienced both transaction and revenue growth in the year ended December 31, 2010. Our Mexico business revenue was flat during the year ended December 31, 2010 on transaction growth of 2%.

 

APAC revenue increased 13% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year due to transaction growth of 14%. China’s revenue increased 10% on transaction growth of 7% for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Foreign exchange revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 grew compared to the prior year, driven primarily by revenue from our international consumer-to-consumer business outside of the United States.

 

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and currencies other than the United States dollar have resulted in a reduction to transaction fees and foreign exchange revenues for the year ended December 31, 2010 of $32.3 million over the same period in the previous year, net of foreign currency hedges, that would not have occurred had there been constant currency rates. The largest impact was related to the EMEASA region.

 

We have historically implemented and will likely implement future strategic fee reductions and actions to reduce foreign exchange spreads, where appropriate, taking into account a variety of factors. Fee decreases and foreign exchange actions generally can reduce margins in the short term, but are done in anticipation that they will result in increased transaction volumes and increased revenues over time. For the year ended December 31, 2010, such fee decreases and foreign exchange actions were approximately 4% of our total revenue compared to 2% and 1% for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. For the full year 2010, approximately three-fourths of these actions relate to pricing reductions taken in the domestic business.

 

The majority of transaction growth is derived from more mature agent locations; new agent locations typically contribute only marginally to growth in the first few years of their operation. Increased productivity, measured by transactions per location, is often experienced as locations mature. We believe that new agent locations will help

drive growth by increasing the number of locations available to send and receive money. We generally refer to locations with more than 50% of transactions being initiated (versus paid) as “send locations” and to the balance of locations as “receive locations.” Send locations are the engine that drives consumer-to-consumer revenue. They contribute more transactions per location than receive locations. However, a wide network of receive locations is necessary to build each corridor and to help ensure global distribution and convenience for consumers. The number of send and receive transactions at an agent location can vary significantly due to such factors as customer demographics around the location, migration patterns, the location’s class of trade, hours of operation, length of time the location has been offering our services, regulatory limitations and competition. Each of the more than 445,000 agent locations in our agent network is capable of providing one or more of our services; however, not every location completes a transaction in a given period. For example, as of December 31, 2010, more than 85% of agent locations in the United States, Canada and Western Europe (representing at least one of our three money transfer brands: Western Union^®, Orlandi Valuta^sm and Vigo^®) experienced money transfer activity in the previous 12 months. In the developing regions of Asia and other areas where there are primarily receive locations, approximately 70% of locations experienced money transfer activity in the previous 12 months. We periodically review locations to determine whether they remain enabled to perform money transfer transactions.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

Consumer-to-consumer money transfer revenue declined 4% on transaction growth of 4% for the year ended December 31, 2009 over 2008. The revenue decline was attributable to the weak global economy and slowing transaction growth, and to a lesser extent, geographic mix, product mix including a higher percentage of revenue earned from intra-country activity, which has lower revenue per transaction than cross-border transactions, and price decreases. Also impacting the revenue decline was the strengthening of the United States dollar compared to most other foreign currencies for the majority of the year, which adversely impacted revenue by approximately 2%, as discussed below. Our international consumer-to-consumer business experienced a revenue decline of 1% on transaction growth of 8% for the year ended December 31, 2009. Our international consumer-to-consumer business outside of the United States also experienced revenue declines on transaction increases for the year ended December 31, 2009 as a result of the same factors described above.

 

Revenue in our EMEASA region declined 1% during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008 due to most of the same factors discussed above. Our largest European markets experienced revenue declines during most of the year ended December 31, 2009 as compared to the same period in 2008. Our money transfer business to India for the year ended December 31, 2009 versus the same period in 2008 continued to grow with transaction growth of 22% and revenue growth of 11%. Revenue and transaction growth for both India and the Gulf States slowed throughout the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 2008. Due to the economic conditions in the Gulf States, transaction growth rates declined to single digits in the fourth quarter.

 

Americas revenue and transactions declined for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. Contributing to the overall decline in the Americas region was the domestic business which experienced a revenue decline of 14% on a transaction decline of 5% for the year ended December 31, 2009. The repositioning of the domestic business, including pricing reductions taken in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2009, improved our Americas and domestic transaction volumes, but contributed to the decline in revenue. Our Mexico business also contributed to the overall decline in the Americas region with a revenue decline of 15% on a transaction decline of 12% for the year ended December 31, 2009. Our United States domestic and Mexico business revenue declined due to the weak economy in the United States. Our Mexico revenues were also impacted by our closure of certain Vigo branded agents, substantially all of which were small retailers, due to credit concerns. However, the decline in revenue for our United States outbound business moderated in the fourth quarter of 2009 compared to the previous nine months of 2009 as a result of transaction growth experienced in the fourth quarter of 2009.

 

Our APAC revenue increased 5% on transaction growth of 18% for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to the same period in 2008. The APAC region’s revenues have been impacted by translating foreign currency denominated revenues into the United States dollar, as further described below, as well as moderating transaction growth. China revenue grew 1% on 4% transaction growth for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Foreign exchange revenues decreased for the year ended December 31, 2009 over the corresponding previous period at a rate relatively consistent with the decrease in our revenue from our international consumer-to-consumer business outside of the United States.

 

Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the United States dollar and currencies other than the United States dollar have resulted in a reduction to transaction fee and foreign exchange revenue for the year ended December 31, 2009 of $101.3 million over the same period in the previous year, net of foreign currency hedges, that would not have occurred had there been constant currency rates.

 

Operating income

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

Consumer-to-consumer operating income increased 6% during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 due to lower marketing expenses and operating efficiencies, primarily decreased bad debt expense, offset by higher employee compensation costs and incremental costs associated with our retail expansion in Europe pursuant to the Payment Services Directive. The increase in operating income margin for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year resulted from these same factors.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

Consumer-to-consumer operating income decreased 4% during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 2008 due to the decline in revenue, incremental costs, including increased technology costs and the acquisition of FEXCO, offset somewhat by reduced agent commissions, savings realized from the 2008 restructurings and better leveraging of our marketing expenses, as described earlier. The operating income margin for the year ended December 31, 2009 was consistent with 2008.

 

Global Business Payments Segment

 

The following table sets forth our global business payments segment results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, global business payments segment revenue was positively impacted by our acquisition of Custom House, which contributed $111.0 million of revenue in 2010 versus $30.8 million in 2009, primarily included in foreign exchange revenues, and growth in the Pago Fácil business. These increases were offset by revenue declines in our United States bill payments businesses as many United States consumers who would use our services continue to have difficulty paying their bills and continue to be unable to obtain credit in any form, resulting in us handling fewer bill payments. The ongoing trend away from cash based bill payments in the

United States and competitive pressures, which resulted in lower cash and electronic volumes and a shift to lower revenue per transaction products, also contributed to the revenue declines.

 

The transaction declines during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in 2009 were due to declines in our United States bill payments businesses.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

During the year ended December 31, 2009, the global business payments segment revenue was adversely impacted by the weak economic situation in the United States, which resulted in a revenue decline in our United States cash and electronic bill payments businesses, partially offset by $30.8 million in revenue generated from our September 1, 2009 acquisition of Custom House and slight growth in the Pago Fácil business. The segment’s revenues were primarily generated in the United States for the year ended December 31, 2009.

 

Transaction growth during the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to 2008 was driven by our Pago Fácil cash-based and United States electronic-based bill payments businesses. Both of these businesses carry a lower revenue per transaction than our United States cash-based bill payment business. The transaction growth was offset by a decline in the United States cash-based bill payments business.

 

Operating income

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

For the year ended December 31, 2010, operating income decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to declines related to the United States-based bill payments business, and investing and operating costs, including amortization expense, associated with the acquisition of Custom House.

 

The decline in operating income margin in the segment is primarily due to the increased costs associated with the acquisition of Custom House and declines in our United States bill payments businesses.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

For the year ended December 31, 2009, operating income decreased compared to the same period in the prior year primarily due to operating income declines related to the United States-based bill payments business and operating and integration costs associated with the acquisition of Custom House, offset slightly by the savings generated from the 2008 restructurings.

 

The decline in operating income margin in the segment is due to the factors described above and continues to be impacted by the decline in the United States cash-based bill payments business which has a higher operating income margin than our South America and electronic businesses.

 

Other

 

The following table sets forth other results for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008.

 

 

 

 

Revenues

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

Revenue, generated primarily from our money order services business, declined for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the same period in the prior year. We experienced a decrease in the amount of revenue earned

related to our money order services business as we no longer receive a fixed return of 5.5% from IPS on outstanding money order balances as we did for the first three quarters of 2009. We now derive investment income from interest generated on our money order settlement assets, which are primarily held in United States tax exempt state and municipal debt securities. These securities generally have a lower rate of return than we were receiving under our previous agreement with IPS. In 2008, we entered into interest rate swaps on certain of our fixed rate notes to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. Through a combination of the revenue generated from the new investment securities and the anticipated interest expense savings resulting from the interest rate swaps, we estimate that we should be able to retain a materially comparable after-tax rate of return through 2011 as we had been receiving under the agreement with IPS.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

Revenue remained relatively consistent with prior year and is comprised primarily of our money order services business. In the fourth quarter of 2009, we experienced a decrease in the amount of revenue earned related to our money order services business due to the change in our agreement with IPS described above.

 

Operating income

 

 2010 compared to 2009

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the decrease in operating income was due to the decrease in revenue from our money order services business, as described above, and an increase in promotional marketing activities related to our prepaid business in the United States. In 2009, we also incurred additional costs associated with evaluating and closing acquisitions compared to 2010.

 

 2009 compared to 2008

 

During the year ended December 31, 2009, the decrease in operating income was primarily due to increased costs related to acquisitions and a decline in our money order services business due to the decrease in revenue in the fourth quarter of 2009 as described above.

 

Further financial information relating to each of our segments’ external revenue, operating profit measures and total assets is set forth in Note 17 to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Capital Resources and Liquidity

 

Our primary source of liquidity has been cash generated from our operating activities, primarily from net income and fluctuations in working capital. Our working capital is affected by the timing of interest payments on our outstanding borrowings, timing of income tax payments, including our refundable tax deposit described further in “Cash Flows from Operating Activities” and collections on receivables, among other items. The majority of our interest payments are due in the second and fourth quarters which results in a decrease in the amount of cash provided by operating activities in those quarters, and a corresponding increase to the first and third quarters.

 

Our future cash flows could be impacted by a variety of factors, some of which are out of our control, including changes in economic conditions, especially those impacting the migrant population, and changes in income tax laws or the status of income tax audits, including the resolution of outstanding tax matters.

 

A significant portion of our cash flows from operating activities has been generated from subsidiaries, some of which are regulated entities. These subsidiaries may transfer all excess cash to the parent company for general corporate use, except for assets subject to legal or regulatory restrictions. The assets subject to legal or regulatory restrictions of approximately $210 million include those located in countries outside of the United States containing restrictions from being transferred outside of those countries and cash and investment balances that are maintained by a regulated subsidiary to secure certain money transfer obligations initiated in the United States in accordance with applicable state regulations. Significant changes in the regulatory environment for money transmitters could impact our primary source of liquidity.

We believe we have adequate liquidity to meet our business needs, including the pending acquisition of Angelo Costa S.r.l., dividends, and share repurchases, through our existing cash balances and our ability to generate cash flows through operations. In addition, we have capacity to borrow up to $1.5 billion in the aggregate under our commercial paper program and revolving credit facility, which were not drawn on as of and during the year ended December 31, 2010. The revolving credit facility expires in September 2012.

 

Cash and Investment Securities

 

As of December 31, 2010, we had cash and cash equivalents of $2.2 billion, of which $1.3 billion was held by our foreign entities. Our ongoing cash management strategies to fund our business needs could cause United States and foreign cash balances to fluctuate.

 

Repatriating foreign funds to the United States would, in many cases, result in significant tax obligations because most of these funds have been taxed at relatively low foreign tax rates compared to our combined federal and state tax rate in the United States. We expect to use foreign funds to expand and fund our international operations and to acquire businesses internationally.

 

In many cases, we receive funds from money transfers and certain other payment services before we settle the payment of those transactions. These funds, referred to as “settlement assets” on our consolidated balance sheets, are not used to support our operations. However, we earn income from investing these funds. We maintain a portion of these settlement assets in highly liquid investments, classified as “cash and cash equivalents” within “settlement assets,” to fund settlement obligations.

 

Investment securities, classified within settlement assets, were $1.4 billion as of December 31, 2010. Substantially all of these investments are state and municipal debt securities. Most state regulators in the United States require us to maintain specific high-quality, investment grade securities and such investments are intended to secure relevant outstanding settlement obligations in accordance with applicable regulations. Substantially all of our investment securities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are classified as available-for-sale and recorded at fair value. Under the Payment Services Directive (“PSD”) in the European Union, we expect to have a similar portfolio of investment securities, which we will manage in a similar manner and under similar guidelines as our current portfolio.

 

Investment securities are exposed to market risk due to changes in interest rates and credit risk. We regularly monitor credit risk and attempt to mitigate our exposure by making high quality investments, including diversifying our investment portfolio. As of December 31, 2010, the majority of our investment securities had credit ratings of “AA-” or better from a major credit rating agency. Our investment securities are also actively managed with respect to concentration. As of December 31, 2010, all investments with a single issuer and each individual security was less than 10% of our investment securities portfolio.

 

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

 

During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, cash provided by operating activities was $994.4 million, $1,218.1 million and $1,253.9 million, respectively. Cash flows provided by operating activities decreased from 2009 to 2010, primarily due to a $250.0 million refundable tax deposit made relating to potential United States federal tax liabilities, including those arising from our 2003 international restructuring, which have been previously accrued in our financial statements. Making the deposit limits the further accrual of interest charges with respect to such potential tax liabilities, to the extent of the deposit. Cash flows provided by operating activities decreased from 2008 to 2009 due to lower net income, offset by working capital fluctuations in 2009, including the settlement accrual and timing of tax payments.

Financing Resources

 

As of December 31, 2010, we had the following outstanding borrowings (in millions):

 

 

 

Commercial Paper

 

Pursuant to our commercial paper program, we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes in an amount not to exceed $1.5 billion outstanding at any time, reduced to the extent of borrowings outstanding on our revolving credit facility. Our commercial paper borrowings may have maturities of up to 397 days from date of issuance. Interest rates for borrowings are based on market rates at the time of issuance. We had no commercial paper borrowings as of and during the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

Revolving Credit Facility

 

Our revolving credit facility expires in September 2012 and includes a $1.5 billion revolving credit facility, a $250.0 million letter of credit sub-facility and a $150.0 million swing line sub-facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”).

Interest due under the Revolving Credit Facility is fixed for the term of each borrowing and is payable according to the terms of that borrowing. Generally, interest is calculated using a selected LIBOR rate plus an interest rate margin of 19 basis points. A facility fee of 6 basis points on the total facility is payable quarterly regardless of usage. The facility fee percentage is determined based on certain of our credit ratings. In addition, to the extent the aggregate outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility exceed 50% of the related aggregate commitments, a utilization fee of 5 basis points as of December 31, 2010 based upon such ratings is payable to the lenders on the aggregate outstanding borrowings. The interest rate margin, facility fee and utilization fee are all based on certain of our credit ratings.

 

As of and during the year ended December 31, 2010, we had no outstanding borrowings on this facility and had $1.5 billion available to borrow. Our revolving credit facility, which is diversified through a group of 15 participating institutions, is used to provide general liquidity for us and to support our commercial paper program, which we believe enhances our short term credit rating. The largest commitment from any single financial institution within the total committed balance of $1.5 billion is approximately 20%. The substantial majority of the banks within this group were rated at least an “A−” or better as of December 31, 2010. If the amount available to borrow under the revolving credit facility decreased, or if the revolving credit facility were eliminated, the cost and availability of borrowing under the commercial paper program may be impacted.

 

Notes

 

On June 21, 2010, we issued $250 million of aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes due June 21, 2040. Interest with respect to the 2040 Notes is payable semiannually on June 21 and December 21 each year based on the fixed per annum interest rate of 6.200%. We may redeem the 2040 Notes at any time prior to maturity at the greater of par or a price based on the applicable treasury rate plus 30 basis points.

 

On March 30, 2010, we exchanged $303.7 million of aggregate principal amount of our 2011 Notes for unsecured notes due April 1, 2020. Interest with respect to the 2020 Notes is payable semiannually on April 1 and October 1 each year based on the fixed per annum interest rate of 5.253%. In connection with the exchange, note holders were given a 7% premium ($21.2 million), which approximated market value at the exchange date, as additional principal. As this transaction was accounted for as a debt modification, this premium was not charged to expense. Rather, the premium, along with the offsetting hedge accounting adjustments, will be accreted into interest expense over the life of the notes. We may redeem the 2020 Notes at any time prior to maturity at the greater of par or a price based on the applicable treasury rate plus 15 basis points.

 

On February 26, 2009, we issued $500 million of aggregate principal amount of our 2014 Notes. Interest with respect to the 2014 Notes is payable semiannually on February 26 and August 26 each year based on the fixed per annum interest rate of 6.500%. We may redeem the 2014 Notes at any time prior to maturity at the greater of par or a price based on the applicable treasury rate plus 50 basis points.

 

On November 17, 2006, we issued $1 billion aggregate principal amount of 5.400% Notes due 2011 and $500 million aggregate principal amount of 6.200% Notes due 2036 (the “2036 Notes”). Interest with respect to the 2011 Notes and 2036 Notes is payable semiannually on May 17 and November 17 each year based on fixed per annum interest rates of 5.400% and 6.200%, respectively. We may redeem the 2011 Notes and the 2036 Notes at any time prior to maturity at the greater of par or a price based on the applicable treasury rate plus 15 basis points and 25 basis points, respectively.

 

On September 29, 2006, we issued $1 billion of aggregate principal amount of unsecured notes maturing on October 1, 2016. Interest on the 2016 Notes is payable semiannually on April 1 and October 1 each year based on a fixed per annum interest rate of 5.930%. We may redeem the 2016 Notes at any time prior to maturity at the greater of par or a price based on the applicable treasury rate plus 20 basis points.

 

Credit Ratings and Debt Covenants

 

The credit ratings on our debt are an important consideration in managing our financing costs and facilitating access to additional capital on favorable terms. Factors that we believe are important in assessing our credit ratings include earnings, cash flow generation, leverage, available liquidity and overall business risks.

Our Revolving Credit Facility contains an interest rate margin, facility fee and utilization fee, all of which are determined based on certain of our credit ratings. In addition, we are subject to certain provisions in our 2014 Notes, 2040 Notes and certain of our derivative contracts which would require settlement or collateral posting in the event of a change in control combined with a downgrade below investment grade. We do not have any other terms within our debt agreements or other contracts that are tied to changes in our credit ratings. The table below summarizes our credit ratings as of December 31, 2010:

 

 

These ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any of our securities. Our credit ratings may be subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating organization, and each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating. We cannot ensure that a rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant. A downgrade or a negative outlook provided by the rating agencies could result in the following:

 

 

The Revolving Credit Facility contains covenants which, among other things, limit or restrict our ability to sell or transfer assets or enter into a merger or consolidate with another company, grant certain types of security interests, incur certain types of liens, impose restrictions on subsidiary dividends, enter into sale and leaseback transactions or incur certain subsidiary level indebtedness. Our notes are subject to similar covenants except that only the 2011 Notes, 2016 Notes, 2020 Notes and the 2036 Notes contain covenants limiting or restricting subsidiary indebtedness and none of our notes are subject to a covenant that limits our ability to impose restrictions on subsidiary dividends. In addition, the Revolving Credit Facility requires us to maintain a consolidated adjusted EBITDA interest coverage ratio of greater than 2:1 (ratio of consolidated adjusted EBITDA, defined as net income plus the sum of (a) interest expense, (b) income tax expense, (c) depreciation expense, (d) amortization expense, (e) any other non-cash deductions, losses or changes made in determining net income for such period and (f) extraordinary losses or charges, minus extraordinary gains, in each case determined in accordance with United States GAAP for such period, to interest expense) for each period comprising the four most recent consecutive fiscal quarters. Our consolidated interest coverage ratio was 9:1 for the year ended December 31, 2010.

 

As of December 31, 2010, we were in compliance with our debt covenants. A violation of our debt covenants could impair our ability to borrow, and outstanding amounts borrowed could become due, thereby restricting our ability to use our excess cash for other purposes.

 

Cash Priorities

 

Liquidity

 

Our objective is to maintain strong liquidity and a capital structure consistent with our current credit ratings. We have existing cash balances, cash flows from operating activities, access to the commercial paper markets and our $1.5 billion revolving credit facility available to support the needs of our business.

Capital Expenditures

 

The total aggregate amount paid for contract costs, purchases of property and equipment, and purchased and developed software was $113.7 million, $98.9 million and $153.7 million in 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Amounts paid for new and renewed agent contracts vary depending on the terms of existing contracts as well as the timing of new and renewed contract signings. Other capital expenditures during 2010, 2009 and 2008 included investments in our information technology infrastructure and purchased and developed software.

 

Acquisition of Businesses

 

In December 2010, we entered into an agreement to acquire the remaining 70% interest which we currently do not own in Angelo Costa S.r.l. (“Costa”), one of our largest money transfer agents in Europe. We will acquire the 70% interest for cash of €100 million (approximately $133 million based on currency exchange rates at December 31, 2010), less a working capital deficiency adjustment to be determined at closing. The acquisition is expected to close in the first half of 2011, subject to regulatory approval and satisfaction of closing conditions.

 

On September 1, 2009, we acquired Canada-based Custom House, a provider of international business-to-business payment services, for cash consideration of $371.0 million for all of the common shares of this business and acquired cash of $2.5 million.

 

On February 24, 2009, we acquired the money transfer business of European-based FEXCO Group Holdings (“FEXCO Group”), one of our largest agents providing services in a number of European countries, primarily the United Kingdom, Spain, Sweden and Ireland. We surrendered our 24.65% interest in FEXCO Group and paid €123.1 million ($157.4 million) as consideration for all of the common shares of the money transfer business and acquired cash of $11.8 million.

 

In December 2008, we acquired 80% of our existing money transfer agent in Peru for a purchase price of $35.0 million. The aggregate consideration paid was $29.7 million, net of a holdback reserve of $3.0 million and cash acquired of $2.3 million.

 

On August 1, 2008, we acquired the money transfer assets from our existing money transfer agent in Panama for a purchase price of $18.3 million, which is net of cash acquired. The consideration paid was $14.3 million, net of a holdback reserve of $4.0 million.

 

We expect that we will continue to pursue opportunities to acquire companies, particularly outside of the United States, to further complement and strengthen our existing businesses worldwide.

 

Share Repurchases and Dividends

 

During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, 35.6 million, 24.8 million and 58.1 million, respectively, of shares were repurchased for $584.5 million, $400.0 million and $1,313.9 million, respectively, excluding commissions, at an average cost of $16.44, $16.10 and $22.60 per share, respectively. At December 31, 2010, $415.5 million remains available under share repurchase authorizations approved by our Board of Directors. On February 1, 2011, the Board of Directors authorized an additional $1 billion of common stock repurchases through December 31, 2012.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2010, our Board of Directors declared quarterly cash dividends of $0.07 per common share in the fourth quarter and $0.06 per common share in each of the first three quarters representing $165.3 million in total dividends. During the fourth quarter of 2009, our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.06 per common share representing $41.2 million in total dividends. During the fourth quarter of 2008, our Board of Directors declared an annual cash dividend of $0.04 per common share representing $28.4 million in total dividends. These amounts were paid to shareholders of record in the respective month the dividend was declared, except for the September 2010 declared dividend, which was paid in October 2010.

 

Debt Service Requirements

 

Our 2011 debt service requirements will include $696.3 million of our 5.400% notes maturing in November 2011, payments on future borrowings under our commercial paper program, if any, and interest payments on all

outstanding indebtedness. However, as market conditions allow, we may refinance all or a portion of the 2011 Notes with new financing sources. We have the ability to use existing financing sources, including our cash, Revolving Credit Facility and commercial paper program, to meet obligations as they arise. Based on market conditions at the time such refinancing could occur, we may not be able to obtain new financing under similar conditions as historically reported.

 

Our ability to continue to grow the business, make acquisitions, return capital to shareholders, including share repurchases and dividends, and service our debt will depend on our ability to continue to generate excess operating cash through our operating subsidiaries and to continue to receive dividends from those operating subsidiaries, our ability to obtain adequate financing and our ability to identify the appropriate acquisitions that will align with our long-term strategy.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

Other than facility and equipment leasing arrangements disclosed in Note 12 to our consolidated financial statements, we have no material off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a material current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

 

Pension Plan

 

On December 31, 2010, we merged our two frozen defined benefit pension plans into one Plan (the “Plan”). The Plan assets were held in a master trust and were identical in terms of their benefit entitlements and other provisions (except for participant eligibility requirements) and consequently, the financial effect of the merger was not significant.

 

Our Plan had a recorded unfunded pension obligation of $112.8 million as of December 31, 2010. In 2010 we made approximately $25 million in contributions to the Plan, including a discretionary contribution of $10 million. Due to the closure of one of our facilities in Missouri and an agreement with the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, we funded $4.1 million during 2009. No contributions were made to the Plan during the year ended December 31, 2008. We will be required to fund approximately $22 million to the Plan in 2011 and may make a discretionary contribution of up to approximately $3 million.

 

Our most recent measurement date for our pension plans was December 31, 2010. The calculation of the funded status and net periodic benefit income is dependent upon two primary assumptions: 1) expected long-term return on plan assets; and 2) discount rate.

 

We employ a building block approach in determining the long-term rate of return for plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term historical relationships between equities and fixed income securities are considered consistent with the widely accepted capital market principle that assets with higher volatility generate a greater return over the long run. Current market factors such as inflation and interest rates are evaluated before long-term capital market assumptions are determined. Consideration is given to diversification, re-balancing and yields anticipated on fixed income securities held. Historical returns are reviewed to check for reasonableness and appropriateness. We then apply this rate against a calculated value for our plan assets. The calculated value recognizes changes in the fair value of plan assets over a five-year period. Our expected long-term return on plan assets was 6.50% for 2010 and 7.50% for 2009. The expected long-term return on plan assets is 7.00% for 2011. In early 2011 we revised our target asset allocation to approximately 15% in equity investments, 60% in fixed income securities and 25% in alternative investment strategies in order to increase diversification.

 

The discount rate assumption is set based on the rate at which the pension benefits could be settled effectively. The discount rate is determined by matching the timing and amount of anticipated payouts under the Plan to the rates from an AA spot rate yield curve. The curve is derived from AA bonds of varying maturities. The discount rate assumption for our benefit obligation was 4.69% and 5.30% at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. A 100 basis point change to both the discount rate and long-term rate of return on plan assets would not have a material impact to our annual pension expense.

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations to third parties as of December 31, 2010 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods (in millions):

 

 

 

 

Other Commercial Commitments

 

We had $85 million in outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees at December 31, 2010, with expiration dates through 2015, the majority of which contain a one-year renewal option. The letters of credit and bank guarantees are primarily held in connection with lease arrangements and certain agent agreements. We expect to renew the letters of credit and bank guarantees prior to expiration in most circumstances.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Management’s discussion and analysis of results of operations and financial condition is based on our financial statements that have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires that management make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported for revenues, expenses, assets, liabilities and other related disclosures. Actual results may or may not differ from these estimates. Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the notes to consolidated financial statements, included in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

 

Our critical accounting policies and estimates, described below, are very important to the portrayal of our financial position and our results of operations and applying them requires our management to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments. We believe that the understanding of these key accounting policies and estimates is essential in achieving more insight into our operating results and financial condition.