e20vf
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
March 10, 2005.
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 20-F
(Mark One)
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o
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR
(g)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
OR |
x |
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2004 |
OR |
o |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period
from to |
Commission file number: 1-14688 |
E.ON AG
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
E.ON AG
(Translation of Registrants name into English)
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Federal Republic of Germany
(Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
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E.ON-Platz 1, D-40479 Düsseldorf, GERMANY
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to
Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Title of each class |
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Name of each exchange on which registered |
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American Depositary Shares representing |
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Ordinary Shares with no par value |
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New York Stock Exchange |
Ordinary Shares with no par value |
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New York Stock Exchange* |
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant
to Section 15(d) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate the number of
outstanding shares of each of the issuers classes of
capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by
the annual report.
As of December 31, 2004,
659,153,403 outstanding Ordinary Shares with no par value.
Indicate by check mark whether the
registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark which
financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
Item 17 o Item 18 x
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* |
Not for trading, but only in connection with the registration of
American Depositary Shares. |
As used in this annual report,
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E.ON, the Company, the E.ON
Group or the Group refers to E.ON AG and its
consolidated subsidiaries. |
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VEBA refers to VEBA AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries prior to its merger with VIAG AG and the name
change from VEBA AG to E.ON AG. VIAG or the
VIAG Group refers to VIAG AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries prior to its merger with VEBA. |
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PreussenElektra refers to PreussenElektra AG and its
consolidated subsidiaries, which merged with Bayernwerk AG and
its consolidated subsidiaries to form E.ONs German
and continental European energy business in the Central Europe
market unit consisting of E.ON Energie AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries (E.ON Energie). |
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E.ON Ruhrgas refers to E.ON Ruhrgas AG (formerly
Ruhrgas AG or Ruhrgas) and its consolidated
subsidiaries, which collectively comprise E.ONs gas
business in the Pan-European Gas market unit. Until
December 31, 2003, Ruhrgas and its consolidated
subsidiaries formed E.ONs former Ruhrgas division. |
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E.ON UK refers to E.ON UK plc (formerly Powergen UK
plc or Powergen) and its consolidated subsidiaries,
which collectively comprise E.ONs U.K. energy business in
the U.K. market unit. Until December 31, 2003, Powergen and
its consolidated subsidiaries, including LG&E Energy, which
was held by Powergen until its transfer to a direct subsidiary
of E.ON AG in March 2003, formed E.ONs former Powergen
division (Powergen Group). |
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Sydkraft refers to Sydkraft AB and its consolidated
subsidiaries, and E.ON Finland refers to E.ON
Finland Oyj and its consolidated subsidiaries, which
collectively comprise E.ONs Nordic energy business in the
Nordic market unit. |
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LG&E Energy refers to LG&E Energy LLC and
its consolidated subsidiaries, which collectively comprise
E.ONs U.S. energy business in the U.S. Midwest market
unit. Until December 31, 2003, LG&E Energy formed the
U.S. business of the Powergen Group. |
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Viterra refers to Viterra AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries, which collectively comprise E.ONs real
estate business in the other activities segment. |
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Degussa refers to Degussa AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries, in which E.ON now owns a minority interest, and
which collectively comprised E.ONs former Degussa division. |
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VEBA Oel refers to VEBA Oel AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries, which collectively comprised E.ONs former
oil division. |
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Stinnes refers to Stinnes AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries, which collectively comprised E.ONs former
distribution/logistics division. |
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VAW refers to VAW aluminium AG and its consolidated
subsidiaries, which collectively comprised E.ONs former
aluminum division. |
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MEMC refers to MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. and
its consolidated subsidiaries, which collectively comprised
E.ONs former silicon wafers division. |
Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts in this annual report
are expressed in European Union euros (euros or
EUR or
),
United States dollars (U.S. dollars or
dollars or $), British pounds
(GBP) or Swedish öre (öre).
Beginning in 1999, the reporting currency is the euro. Amounts
formerly stated in German marks (marks or
DM) have been translated into euro using the fixed
rate of DM 1.95583 per
1.00. Amounts
stated in dollars, unless otherwise indicated, have been
translated from euros at an assumed rate solely for convenience
and should not be construed as representations that the euro
amounts actually represent such dollar amounts or could be
converted into dollars at the rate indicated. Unless otherwise
stated, such dollar amounts have been translated from euros at
the noon buying rate in New York City for cable transfers in
foreign currencies as certified for customs purposes by the
Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the Noon Buying
Rate) on December 31, 2004, which was $1.3538 per
1.00. Such rate
may differ from the actual rates used in the preparation of the
consolidated financial statements of E.ON as of
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, and for each of the years
in the three-year period ended December 31, 2004, included
in Item 18 of this
annual report (the Consolidated Financial
Statements), which are expressed in euros, and,
accordingly, dollar amounts appearing in this annual report may
differ from the actual dollar amounts that were translated into
euros in the preparation of such financial statements. For
information regarding recent rates of exchange, see
Item 3. Key Information Exchange
Rates.
Beginning in 2000, E.ON has prepared its financial statements in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the
United States (U.S. GAAP). Formerly, the Company
prepared its financial statements in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles in Germany as prescribed by the
German Commercial Code (Handelsgesetzbuch, the
Commercial Code) and the German Stock Corporation
Act (Aktiengesetz, the Stock Corporation
Act). Sales and adjusted EBIT presented in this annual
report for each of E.ONs segments are based on the
consolidated accounts of the E.ON Group as shown in Note 31
(Segment Information) of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements under the captions External sales and
Adjusted EBIT and are presented prior to the
elimination of intersegment transactions. Adjusted
EBIT is the measure pursuant to which the Group has
evaluated the performance of its segments and allocated
resources to them during 2004. Adjusted EBIT is an adjusted
figure derived from income/ (loss) from continuing operations
(before intra-Group eliminations when presented on a segment
basis) before income taxes and minority interests, excluding
interest income. Adjustments include net book gains resulting
from disposals, as well as restructuring expenses and other
non-operating earnings of an exceptional nature. In addition,
interest income is adjusted using economic criteria. In
particular, the interest portion of additions to provisions for
pensions and nuclear waste management is allocated to adjusted
interest income. E.ON uses adjusted EBIT as its segment
reporting measure in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 131, Disclosures
about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information
(SFAS 131). However, on a consolidated Group
basis adjusted EBIT is considered a non-GAAP measure that must
be reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure. For
a reconciliation of Group adjusted EBIT to net income for each
of 2003 and 2004, see Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Results of Operations
Business Segment Information.
E.ON has calculated operating data for Group companies appearing
in this annual report using actual amounts derived from Group
books and records. The Company has obtained market-related data
such as the market position of Group companies from publicly
available sources such as industry publications. The Company has
relied on the accuracy of information from publicly available
sources without independent verification, and does not accept
any responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of such
information.
This annual report contains certain forward-looking statements
and information relating to the E.ON Group that are based on
beliefs of its management, as well as assumptions made by and
information currently available to E.ON. When used in this
document, the words anticipate, believe,
estimate, expect, intend,
plan and project and similar
expressions, as they relate to the E.ON Group or its management,
are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such
statements reflect the current views of E.ON with respect to
future events and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties
and assumptions. Many factors could cause the actual results,
performance or achievements of the E.ON Group to be materially
different from any future results, performance or achievements
that may be expressed or implied by such forward-looking
statements, including, among others, changes in general economic
and business conditions, changes in currency exchange rates and
interest rates, introduction of competing products by other
companies, lack of acceptance of new products or services by the
Groups targeted customers, changes in business strategy,
lack of successful completion of planned acquisitions and
dispositions and/ or the realization of expected benefits and
various other factors, both referenced and not referenced in
this annual report. Should one or more of these risks or
uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions
prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those
described in this annual report as anticipated, believed,
estimated, expected, intended, planned or projected. E.ON does
not intend, and does not assume any obligation, to update these
forward-looking statements.
(This page intentionally left blank)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
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Item 1.
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Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers |
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1 |
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Item 2.
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Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable |
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1 |
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Item 3.
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Key Information |
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1 |
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SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA |
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1 |
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DIVIDENDS |
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2 |
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EXCHANGE RATES |
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3 |
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RISK FACTORS |
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4 |
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Item 4.
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Information on the Company |
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13 |
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HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY |
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13 |
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VEBA-VIAG MERGER |
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13 |
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POWERGEN GROUP ACQUISITION |
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13 |
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RUHRGAS ACQUISITION |
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14 |
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GROUP STRATEGY |
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18 |
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OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS |
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21 |
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CAPITAL EXPENDITURES |
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22 |
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BUSINESS OVERVIEW |
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22 |
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INTRODUCTION |
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22 |
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CENTRAL EUROPE |
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26 |
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PAN-EUROPEAN GAS |
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44 |
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U.K. |
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62 |
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NORDIC |
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73 |
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U.S. MIDWEST |
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85 |
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OTHER ACTIVITIES |
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92 |
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DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS |
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94 |
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REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT |
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96 |
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ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS |
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110 |
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OPERATING ENVIRONMENT |
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115 |
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ECONOMIC BACKGROUND |
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115 |
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RISK MANAGEMENT |
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117 |
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE |
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118 |
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PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT |
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118 |
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GENERAL |
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118 |
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PRODUCTION FACILITIES |
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118 |
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INTERNAL CONTROLS |
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120 |
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Item 5.
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Operating and Financial Review and Prospects |
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120 |
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OVERVIEW |
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120 |
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ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS |
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122 |
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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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128 |
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NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS |
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132 |
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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132 |
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BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION |
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133 |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2003 |
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134 |
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YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED DECEMBER
31, 2002 |
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148 |
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INFLATION |
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157 |
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EXCHANGE RATE EXPOSURE AND CURRENCY RISK MANAGEMENT |
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157 |
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES |
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157 |
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RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT |
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165 |
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TREND INFORMATION |
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165 |
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OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS |
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165 |
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CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS |
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167 |
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Item 6.
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Directors, Senior Management and Employees |
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168 |
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Item 7.
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Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions |
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180 |
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Item 8.
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Financial Information |
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181 |
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
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181 |
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LEGAL PROCEEDINGS |
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181 |
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DIVIDEND POLICY |
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182 |
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SIGNIFICANT CHANGES |
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182 |
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Item 9.
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The Offer and Listing |
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182 |
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Item 10.
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Additional Information |
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185 |
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MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION |
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185 |
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MATERIAL CONTRACTS |
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196 |
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EXCHANGE CONTROLS |
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196 |
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TAXATION |
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197 |
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DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY |
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201 |
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Item 11.
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Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |
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201 |
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Item 12.
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Description of Securities other than Equity Securities |
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206 |
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PART II
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Item 13.
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Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies |
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206 |
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Item 14.
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Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use
of Proceeds |
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206 |
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Item 15.
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Controls and Procedures |
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206 |
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Item 16A.
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Audit Committee Financial Expert |
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207 |
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Item 16B.
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Code of Ethics |
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207 |
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Item 16C.
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Principal Accountant Fees and Services |
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207 |
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Item 16E.
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Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated
Purchasers |
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209 |
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PART III
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Item 17.
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Financial Statements |
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210 |
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Item 18.
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Financial Statements |
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210 |
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Item 19.
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Exhibits |
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210 |
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ii
PART I
Item 1. Identity of
Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.
Not applicable.
Item 2. Offer Statistics
and Expected Timetable.
Not applicable.
Item 3. Key Information.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
The selected financial data presented below in accordance with
U.S. GAAP as of and for each of the years in the five-year
period ended December 31, 2004 have been excerpted from or
are derived from the Consolidated Financial Statements of E.ON
as of and for the period ended December 31, 2004, 2003,
2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
On June 16, 2000, VEBA completed the acquisition of VIAG.
For convenience reasons, June 30, 2000 has been chosen as
the merger date. In 2000, the results of operations of VIAG are
included in E.ONs financial data from July 1 to
December 31.
The selected financial data set forth below should be read in
conjunction with, and are qualified in their entirety by
reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements and the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Year Ended December 31, | |
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2004(1) | |
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2004 | |
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2003 | |
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2002 | |
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2001 | |
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2000 | |
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(in millions, except share amounts) | |
Statement of Income Data:
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Sales
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$ |
66,476 |
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49,103 |
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46,427 |
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36,624 |
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36,886 |
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38,374 |
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Sales excluding electricity and natural gas taxes(2)
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60,576 |
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44,745 |
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42,541 |
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35,691 |
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36,192 |
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38,385 |
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Income/(Loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
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9,204 |
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6,799 |
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5,538 |
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(759 |
) |
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2,629 |
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5,095 |
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Income/(Loss) from continuing operations after income taxes(3)
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6,568 |
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4,852 |
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4,414 |
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(97 |
) |
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2,581 |
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|
3,328 |
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Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
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5,886 |
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4,348 |
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3,950 |
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(720 |
) |
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2,129 |
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2,939 |
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Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations(4)
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(12 |
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(9 |
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1,137 |
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3,306 |
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(55 |
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628 |
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Net income
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5,874 |
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4,339 |
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4,647 |
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2,777 |
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2,048 |
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3,570 |
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Basic earnings/(Loss) per share from continuing operations
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8.96 |
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6.62 |
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6.04 |
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(1.10 |
) |
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3.15 |
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4.74 |
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Basic earnings (Loss) per share from discontinued operations,
net(4)
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(0.01 |
) |
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(0.01 |
) |
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1.74 |
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5.07 |
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(0.08 |
) |
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|
1.01 |
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Basic earnings per share from net income(5)
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8.95 |
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6.61 |
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7.11 |
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4.26 |
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3.03 |
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5.75 |
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1
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Year Ended December 31, | |
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2004(1) | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2001 | |
|
2000 | |
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(in millions, except share amounts) | |
Balance Sheet Data:
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Total assets
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$ |
154,417 |
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|
114,062 |
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111,850 |
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113,503 |
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101,659 |
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106,215 |
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Long-term financial liabilities
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18,330 |
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|
13,540 |
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14,884 |
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17,576 |
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9,308 |
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|
7,611 |
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Stockholders equity(6)
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45,434 |
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33,560 |
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|
29,774 |
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25,653 |
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24,462 |
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28,033 |
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Number of authorized shares
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692,000,000 |
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692,000,000 |
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|
692,000,000 |
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692,000,000 |
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763,298,875 |
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(1) |
Amounts in this column are unaudited and have been translated
solely for the convenience of the reader at an exchange rate of
$1.3538 = 1.00,
the Noon Buying Rate on December 31, 2004. |
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(2) |
Laws in Germany and other European countries in which E.ON
operates require the seller of electricity to collect
electricity taxes and remit such amounts to tax authorities.
Similar laws also require the seller of natural gas to collect
and remit natural gas taxes to tax authorities. |
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(3) |
Before minority interest of
504 million
for 2004, as compared with
464 million,
623 million,
452 million
and
389 million
for 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. |
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(4) |
For more details, see Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Acquisitions and
Dispositions Discontinued Operations and
Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(5) |
Includes earnings per share from the first-time application of
new U.S. GAAP standards of
0.00,
(0.67),
0.29 and
(0.04) for 2004,
2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively. |
|
(6) |
After minority interests. |
DIVIDENDS
The following table sets forth the annual dividends paid per
ordinary unit bearer share of E.ON AG (each, an Ordinary
Share) in euros, and the dollar equivalent, for each of
the years indicated. Historically, both VEBA AG and VIAG AG
declared and paid dividends in marks. For convenience,
historical data regarding VEBA AG is translated from marks into
euros at the fixed rate of 1.95583. The table does not reflect
the related tax credits available to German taxpayers who
receive dividend payments. Owners of Ordinary Shares who are
United States residents should be aware that they will be
subject to German withholding tax on dividends received. See
Item 10. Additional Information
Taxation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividends Paid | |
|
|
per Ordinary | |
|
|
Share with no | |
|
|
par value | |
|
|
| |
Year Ended December 31, |
|
| |
|
$(1) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
2000
|
|
|
1.35 |
|
|
|
1.18 |
|
2001
|
|
|
1.60 |
|
|
|
1.49 |
|
2002
|
|
|
1.75 |
|
|
|
1.96 |
|
2003
|
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
2.39 |
|
2004(2)
|
|
|
2.35 |
|
|
|
3.18 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Translated into dollars at the Noon Buying Rate on the dividend
payment date, which typically occurred during the second quarter
of the following year, except for the 2004 amount, which has
been translated at the Noon Buying Rate on December 31,
2004. |
|
(2) |
The dividend amount for the year ended December 31, 2004 is
the amount proposed by E.ONs Supervisory Board and Board
of Management and has not yet been approved by its stockholders.
Prior to the payment of the dividends, a resolution approving
such amount must be passed by E.ONs stockholders at the
annual general meeting to be held on April 27, 2005. |
See also Item 8. Financial Information
Dividend Policy.
2
EXCHANGE RATES
Until December 31, 1998, the mark took part in the European
Monetary System (EMS) exchange rate mechanism.
Within the EMS, exchange rates could fluctuate within permitted
margins, fixed by central bank intervention. Against currencies
outside the EMS, the mark had, in theory, free floating exchange
rates, although central banks sometimes tried to confine
short-term exchange rate fluctuations by intervening in foreign
exchange markets. As of December 31, 1998, the mark had a
fixed value relative to the euro of 1.95583, and therefore was
no longer traded on currency markets as an independent currency.
As of January 1, 2002, the euro replaced the mark as legal
tender in Germany.
Fluctuations in the exchange rate between the euro and the
dollar will affect the dollar equivalent of the euro price of
the Ordinary Shares traded on the German stock exchanges and, as
a result, will affect the price of the Companys American
Depositary Receipts (ADRs) traded in the United
States. Such fluctuations will also affect the dollar amounts
received by holders of ADRs on the conversion into dollars of
cash dividends paid in euros on the Ordinary Shares represented
by the ADRs.
The following table sets forth, for the periods and dates
indicated, the average, high, low and/or period-end Noon Buying
Rates for euros expressed in $ per
1.00.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Period |
|
Average(1) | |
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
Period-End | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
2000
|
|
|
0.9207 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.9388 |
|
2001
|
|
|
0.8909 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.8901 |
|
2002
|
|
|
0.9495 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.0485 |
|
2003
|
|
|
1.1411 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2597 |
|
2004
|
|
|
1.2478 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3538 |
|
|
September
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2417 |
|
|
|
1.2052 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
October
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2783 |
|
|
|
1.2271 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
November
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3288 |
|
|
|
1.2703 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3625 |
|
|
|
1.3224 |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3476 |
|
|
|
1.2954 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
February
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3274 |
|
|
|
1.2773 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The average of the Noon Buying Rates for the relevant period,
calculated using the average of the Noon Buying Rates on the
last business day of each month during the period. |
On March 7, 2005, the Noon Buying Rate was $1.3203 per
1.00.
3
RISK FACTORS
On May 1, 1998, the German Control and Transparency in
Business Act (Gesetz zur Kontrolle und Transparenz im
Unternehmensbereich, or KonTraG), came into effect.
The provisions of KonTraG include the requirement that
the board of management of a German stock corporation establish
a risk management system to identify material risks to the
corporation at an early stage. As part of their audit, the
auditors of a stock corporation whose shares are listed on an
official market assess whether the system meets the requirements
of KonTraG. The audit requirement has been applicable to
all fiscal years beginning after December 31, 1998,
although the former VEBA underwent this audit voluntarily
already in fiscal year 1998.
Even prior to the requirements introduced by KonTraG, the
Company believes it had an effective risk management system
which integrates risk management in its Group-wide business
procedures. The system includes controlling processes,
Group-wide guidelines, data processing systems and regular
reports to the Board of Management and Supervisory Board. The
reliability of the risk management system is reviewed regularly
by the internal audit units of the Company as well as by the
Companys external independent auditors, based on
requirements set forth in the Stock Corporation Act. The
documentation and evaluation of the Companys risks are
updated quarterly throughout the Group in the following steps:
|
|
|
|
|
Standardized documentation of risks and control systems; |
|
|
|
Evaluation of risks according to the degree of severity and the
probability of occurrence, and an annual assessment of the
effectiveness of existing control systems; and |
|
|
|
Analysis of the results and structured disclosure in a risk
report. |
The following discussion groups risks according to the
categories of external, operational and financial risks, as used
by the Company in its risk management system.
External
The Company faces the general risks of economic downturns
experienced by all businesses. The following are specific
external risks the Company faces:
|
|
|
The Companys core energy operations face strong
competition, which could depress margins. |
Since 1998, liberalization of the electricity markets in the EU
has greatly altered competition in the German electricity
market, which was formerly characterized by numerous strong
competitors. Following liberalization, significant consolidation
has taken place in the German market, resulting in four major
interregional utilities: E.ON, RWE AG, Vattenfall Europe AG
(Vattenfall Europe) and EnBW Energie
Baden-Württemberg AG (EnBW). In addition, the
market for electricity trading has become more liquid and
competitive, with a total trading volume of approximately 397
terrawatt hours (TWh) at the European Energy
Exchange (EEX) spot and futures market in 2004.
Liberalization of the German electricity market also caused
prices to decrease beginning in 1998, although prices have
increased since 2001. Retail prices now exceed 1998 levels, and
prices for sales to distributors and industrial customers have
also improved, but electricity companies now face new or
increased costs that have effectively reduced their margins.
Among these new or increased costs are electricity taxes, duties
and additional costs attributable to compliance with new
legislation, as well as higher costs incurred in procuring
balancing power to cover fluctuations in the availability of
electricity from renewable resources such as wind. For
additional information, see Item 4. Information on
the Company Regulatory Environment Germany:
Electricity. Although the Company continues to implement
cost-management measures at its electricity operations in
Germany, it may not be able to fully regain its former profit
margins in this sector. Further, although the Company intends to
compete vigorously in the changed German electricity market, it
cannot be certain that it will be able to develop its business
as successfully as its competitors. For information about new
regulatory changes that will affect the German electricity
market, see the discussion on changes in laws and regulations
below.
In 2002, the German Federal Cartel Office instituted proceedings
challenging the transmission fees of 10 regional and municipal
electricity suppliers in Germany, including four companies of
the E.ON Group TEAG
4
Thüringer Energie AG (TEAG), E.DIS AG
(E.DIS), EAM Energie AG (formerly
Energie-Aktiengesellschaft Mitteldeutschland) (EAM)
and Avacon AG (Avacon). On February 19, 2003,
the Federal Cartel Office issued a decision requiring a
10 percent reduction in TEAGs network fees. The
decision rejected the basic principles of the tariff calculation
guidelines that are used by all of the E.ON Group companies
involved in the proceedings. TEAG appealed the decision in the
State Superior Court in Düsseldorf and received a temporary
injunction preventing the immediate reduction of its tariffs. On
February 11, 2004, TEAG won its appeal, with the court
ruling that TEAGs calculation methods follow a set of
recognized rules under the electricity industrys
association agreement (Verbändevereinbarung II+) and
represent a recognized business method. The decision is now
final and binding until new legislation affecting Germanys
electricity industry comes into force. See the discussion on
changes in laws and regulations below. All other proceedings of
the Federal Cartel Office against regional distributors of the
E.ON Group have been put on hold.
On February 24, 2003, the German Federal Cartel Office
instituted proceedings challenging the prices charged by E.ON
Sales & Trading GmbH (EST) and other wholesale
energy companies for balancing energy. The Federal Cartel Office
has made inquiries in order to assess whether or not these
prices constitute market abuse, which are still pending. If the
Company is unable to reach a satisfactory resolution of this
proceeding, it may have a material adverse impact on E.ON
Energies transmission rate structure.
Outside Germany, the electricity markets in which the Company
operates are also subject to strong competition. The Company has
significant U.K. and Swedish operations in electricity
generation, distribution and supply, on both the wholesale and
retail levels. Increased competition from new market entrants
and existing market participants could adversely affect the
Companys U.K. or Swedish market share in both the retail
and wholesale sectors. In the United States, LG&E Energy,
the Companys primary U.S. subsidiary, is exposed to
wholesale price and fuel cost risks with respect to its
non-regulated operations, whose rates are not set by
governmental regulators, and which represent a minority of
LG&E Energys business. A significant deterioration in
the market environment for E.ONs U.K. and U.S. operations
triggered an impairment analysis in the third quarter of 2002
that resulted in an impairment charge of
2.4 billion,
thus reducing the amount of goodwill associated with the
Powergen Group acquisition to
6.5 billion.
For additional details on this charge, see Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Results
of Operations. The Company cannot guarantee it will be
able to compete successfully in the United Kingdom, the Nordic
countries, the United States or other electricity markets where
it is already present or in new electricity markets the Company
may enter. E.ON Ruhrgas also faces risks associated with
increased competition in the gas sector; see Item 4.
Information on the Company Business
Overview Pan-European Gas Competitive
Environment and Regulatory
Environment Germany: Gas.
Changes in laws and
regulations which affect the Companys operations could
materially and adversely affect the Companys financial
condition and results of operations.
In each of its operations, the Company must comply with a number
of laws and government regulations. For more information on laws
and regulations affecting the Companys core energy
business, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Regulatory Environment. From time to
time, changes or new laws and regulations may be introduced
which may negatively affect the Companys businesses,
financial condition and results of operations.
For example, the EU adopted new electricity and gas directives
in 2003 which will require changes to the electricity and gas
industries of some EU member states, including Germany. One of
the requirements is that an independent regulatory authority be
established in each member state to oversee access to the
electricity and gas networks. The German government has decided
to authorize the existing Regulatory Authority for
Telecommunications and Posts to perform this function. According
to the directives, this regulatory body should have the
authority to set or approve network access tariffs or,
alternatively, the methodologies used for calculating them, as
well as the power to control compliance with the tariffs or
methodologies once they are set. The establishment of an
independent regulatory authority will therefore change the
current system of negotiated third party network access in the
electricity and gas industries in Germany. Although draft
legislation has been published, the Company cannot yet predict
all consequences of this legislation as the relevant issues will
also be subject to several new regulations not yet published or
still in political discussion. The Company cannot be certain
that the
5
establishment of a regulator and changes to the current system
of network access, as well as other changes introduced as part
of the new legislation, will not have a negative effect on its
electricity and gas businesses in Germany, including the grid
fees E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas may charge for network
access. For more information, see Item 4. Information
on the Company Regulatory Environment.
The EU has adopted a directive requiring member states to
establish a greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading scheme.
Under the scheme, permits to emit a specified amount of carbon
dioxide are to be allocated to affected power stations and other
industrial installations. Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden
have already passed the required legislation and allocated the
necessary permits free of charge, while the United Kingdom and
Finland are expected to allocate permits during 2005. Although
the Company does not generally expect the allocation of
emissions allowances to have a negative impact on its
operations, the implementation of the EUs emissions
trading directive has only recently taken effect in some EU
member states and has not yet taken effect in others. The
Company cannot currently predict how the trading of emissions
allowances will develop and any impact on its operations. For
more information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Regulatory Environment.
In Germany, the Companys nuclear power plants are among
its cheapest source of power, and, along with hydroelectric and
lignite-based power plants, are used primarily to cover the
Companys base load power requirements. In June 2001, E.ON,
together with the other German operators of nuclear power
stations, reached an agreement with the German federal
government to phase out the generation of nuclear power in
Germany; this agreement was reflected in an amendment of
Germanys nuclear energy law in April 2002. For more
information about the planned phase-out of nuclear power
stations in Germany, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Central
Europe. The amended law provides that the delivery of
spent nuclear fuel rods for reprocessing will be allowed until
July 2005, during which time plant operators are to build
storage facilities on the premises of their nuclear plants. E.ON
expects to complete construction of the necessary storage
facilities by the end of 2006. The construction costs of these
storage facilities are expected to be significant, and the
Company may incur higher than anticipated costs in ending its
nuclear energy operations.
Regulatory changes can also affect the prices the Company may
charge customers. For example,
|
|
|
|
|
As described above, EU directives provide that the regulatory
authority to be introduced in Germany should have the power to
set or approve network access tariffs or, alternatively, the
methodologies used for calculating them. This could lead to
lower grid fees for E.ONs electricity and gas
transportation and distribution businesses in Germany. |
|
|
|
In Germany, state cartel authorities in Bavaria, Hesse and
Thuringia and the Federal Cartel Office have launched
investigations of certain utilities with allegedly high gas
tariffs to determine whether these gas prices constitute market
abuse. These investigations affect some utilities in which
Thüga and E.ON Energie hold interests. The Bavarian state
cartel office and the Federal Cartel Office have since decided
to end their investigations, while the proceedings in Hesse and
Thuringia remain pending. The Company cannot currently predict
the outcome of the pending investigations. |
|
|
|
Regulators in the United Kingdom have established a price
control framework for electricity distribution customers that is
in effect through March 31, 2005; new price controls will
take effect in April 2005 for the five year period ending March
2010. |
|
|
|
In the United States, the rates for LG&E Energys
retail electric and gas customers in Kentucky, its principal
area of operations, are set by state regulators and remain in
effect until such time that an adjustment is sought and
approved. LG&E Energys affected utilities applied for
and received increases in regulated tariffs effective as of
July 1, 2004, although such increases remain the subject of
continuing regulatory review and governmental inquiry. |
For additional information on these developments, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Regulatory Environment. For all of its operations, adverse
changes in price controls or rate structures could have an
adverse effect on the Companys operating results.
6
Item 4. Information on the Company
Regulatory Environment and Item 8. Financial
Information Legal Proceedings also contain
information regarding other recent or proposed changes in law or
regulations or legal proceedings which could negatively affect
the Companys operations. The Company is unable to predict
the effect of future developments in laws and regulations on its
operations and future earnings.
Rising fuel prices could materially and adversely affect
the Companys results of operations and financial
condition.
A significant portion of the expenses of the Companys
regional market units are made up of fuel costs, which are
heavily influenced by prices in the world market for oil,
natural gas, fuel oil and coal. Similarly, the majority of E.ON
Ruhrgas expenses are for purchases of natural gas under
long-term take or pay contracts that link the gas prices to that
of fuel oil and other competing fuels. The prices for such
commodities have historically fluctuated and there is no
guarantee that prices will remain within projected levels. The
price of oil in particular rose in 2004 as a result of
geopolitical factors, including, but not limited to, an increase
in demand in China and India, the war and post-war insurgency in
Iraq, increased instability in other parts of the Middle East
and a further deterioration of the economic and political
situation in Venezuela and Nigeria. The Companys
electricity operations do maintain some flexibility to shift
power production among different types of fuel, and the Company
is also partially hedged against rising fuel prices. However,
increases in fuel costs could have an adverse effect on the
Companys operating results or financial condition if it is
not able (or not permitted by regulatory authorities) to shift
production to lower-cost fuel or to adjust its rates to offset
such increases in fuel prices on a timely or complete basis.
For more information about E.ON Ruhrgas take or pay
contracts, see the discussion on E.ON Ruhrgas long-term
gas supply contracts below. The Company could also incur losses
if its hedging strategies are not effective. For more
information about the Companys hedging policies and the
instruments used, see Financial below,
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Exchange Rate Exposure and Currency Risk
Management and Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The Companys revenues and results of operations
fluctuate by season and according to the weather, and management
expects these fluctuations to continue.
The demand for power and natural gas is seasonal, with the
Companys operations generally experiencing higher demand
during the cold weather months of October through March and
lower demand during the warm weather months of April through
September. The exception to this is the Companys U.S.
power business, where hot weather results in an increased demand
for electricity to run air conditioning units. As a result of
these seasonal patterns, the Companys revenues and results
of operations are higher in the first and fourth quarters and
lower in the second and third quarters, with the U.S. power
business having its highest revenues in the third quarter and a
secondary peak in the first and fourth quarters. Revenues and
results of operations for all of the Companys energy
operations would be negatively affected by periods of
unseasonally warm weather during the autumn and winter months.
The Companys European energy operations could also be
negatively affected by a summer with higher than average
temperatures and its Nordic operations could be negatively
affected by a lack of precipitation, each of which occurred in
2003. In Sweden, a severe water shortage during late 2002 and
early 2003 resulted in decreased energy supply from
hydroelectric power plants and higher energy prices in 2003,
while higher temperatures in Europe during the summer of 2003
forced some of the Companys German power plants to reduce
or shut down operations due to over-heated water needed for
cooling the plants. For information on the Companys
hydroelectric operations in Sweden, see Item 4.
Information on the Company Business Overview
Nordic Power Generation. Management expects
seasonal and weather-related fluctuations in revenues and
results of operations to continue.
Operational
The Companys core energy businesses operate
technologically complex production facilities and transmission
systems. Operational failures or extended production downtimes
could negatively impact the Companys financial condition
and results of operations. The Companys businesses are
also subject to risks in the ordinary course of business such as
the loss of personnel or customers, and losses due to bad debts.
The Company believes
7
it has appropriate risk control measures in effect to counteract
and address these types of risks. The following are additional
operational risks the Company faces:
E.ON Ruhrgas long-term gas contracts expose it to
volume and price risks.
As is typical in the gas industry, E.ON Ruhrgas enters into
long-term gas supply contracts with natural gas producers to
secure the supply of almost all the gas E.ON Ruhrgas purchases
for resale. These contracts, which generally have terms of
around 20 to 25 years, require E.ON Ruhrgas to purchase
minimum amounts of natural gas over the period of the contract
or to pay for such amounts even if E.ON Ruhrgas does not take
the gas, a standard industry practice known as take or
pay. The minimum amounts are generally about
80 percent of the firmly contracted quantities. E.ON
Ruhrgas also enters into long-term gas sales contracts with its
customers, although these contracts are shorter than the gas
supply contracts (for distributors and municipal utilities,
which constitute the majority of E.ON Ruhrgas customers,
the contracts generally have longer terms, while contracts for
industrial customers usually have terms between one and five
years). In addition, the majority of these gas sales contracts
do not include fixed take or pay provisions. Since E.ON
Ruhrgas gas supply contracts have longer terms than its
gas sales contracts, and commit E.ON Ruhrgas to paying for a
minimum amount of gas over a long period, E.ON Ruhrgas is
exposed to the risk that it will have an excess supply of
natural gas in the long term should it have fewer committed
purchasers for its gas in the future and be unable to otherwise
sell its gas on favorable terms. Such a shortfall could result
if a significant number of E.ON Ruhrgas customers (or
their end customers) shifted from natural gas to other forms of
energy or if E.ON Ruhrgas customers began to acquire gas
from other sources. The ministerial approval E.ON obtained for
the acquisition of Ruhrgas required E.ON Ruhrgas to divest its
stakes in two gas distributors, as well as granting these
distributors the right to terminate their gas sales contracts
with E.ON Ruhrgas. The ministerial approval also gave most of
E.ON Ruhrgas distribution customers the right to reduce
the amounts of natural gas purchased from E.ON Ruhrgas to
80 percent of the contractually agreed amount over the
period of the applicable gas sales contract. To date, most
customers have decided not to exercise this option. For
additional information on these developments, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Pan-European Gas
Sales. If the affected gas distributors choose to begin
termination of their gas sales contracts in 2005, or a
significant number of other affected customers choose to reduce
the amounts of gas purchased from E.ON Ruhrgas in 2005, the take
or pay provisions of some of E.ON Ruhrgas gas supply
contracts may become applicable, which would negatively affect
its results of operations. In addition, due to increasing
competition linked to the liberalization of the gas market and
the entry of new competitors, E.ON Ruhrgas may not be able to
renew some of its existing gas sales contracts as they expire,
or to gain new contracts. This may also have the effect of
leaving E.ON Ruhrgas with an excess supply of natural gas and/or
decrease in margins.
In the course of a proceeding not involving E.ON Ruhrgas, the
German Federal Cartel Office issued an opinion stating that it
believed that long-term sales contracts requiring municipal
utilities or other purchasers to cover 100 percent of their
requirements from a single supplier were contrary to German and
European competition law, provided their duration exceeds two
years, and that even contracts providing for only 50 to
80 percent of a purchasers requirements must be
limited to four years. Based on this legal position, the Federal
Cartel Office has instituted proceedings against E.ON Ruhrgas
and a number of other long-distance gas wholesale companies in
Germany. In the course of these proceedings, the Federal Cartel
Office published a memorandum in January 2005 reiterating
its aforementioned opinion on the validity of long-term sales
contracts for the purpose of public discussion. E.ON Ruhrgas
believes the Federal Cartel Offices position fails to take
into account that long-term supply contracts needed to ensure
secure gas supplies in Germany will only be viable if importers
can sell their gas volumes on a long-term basis. However, no
assurance can be given as to the outcome of these proceedings.
Were any such challenge to result in E.ON Ruhrgas being
required to change the terms of its sales contracts, E.ON
Ruhrgas exposure to the volume and price risks described
in the above paragraph would be heightened.
As is standard in the gas industry, the price E.ON Ruhrgas pays
for gas under its long-term gas supply contracts is calculated
on the basis of complex formulas incorporating variables based
on current market prices for fuel oil, gas oil, coal and/or
other competing fuels, with prices being automatically
re-calculated periodically, usually quarterly, by reference to
market prices of the relevant fuels during a prior period. Price
terms in E.ON Ruhrgas gas sales contracts are generally
pegged to the price of competing fuels and provide for automatic
8
quarterly price adjustments based on fluctuations in underlying
fuel prices, again by reference to market prices during a prior
period. Since E.ON Ruhrgas supply and sales contracts are
generally indexed to different types of oil and related fuels,
in different proportions and are adjusted according to different
formulas, E.ON Ruhrgas margins for natural gas may be
significantly affected in the short term by variations in the
price of oil or other fuels, which are generally reflected in
prices payable under its supply contracts before they are
reflected in prices paid under sales contracts, the so-called
time lag effect. Although E.ON Ruhrgas seeks to
manage this risk by matching the general terms of its portfolio
of sales contracts with those of its supply contracts, there can
be no assurance that it will always be successful in doing so,
particularly in the short term. For more information on E.ON
Ruhrgas gas supply and sales contracts, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Pan-European Gas
Sales.
If the Companys plans to make selective acquisitions
and investments to enhance its core energy business are
unsuccessful, the Companys future earnings and share price
could be materially and adversely affected.
The Companys business strategy involves selective
acquisitions and investments in its core business area of
energy. This strategy depends in part on the Companys
ability to successfully identify and acquire companies that
enhance its business on acceptable terms. In order to obtain the
necessary approvals for acquisitions, the Company may be
required to divest other parts of its business, or to make
concessions or undertakings which materially affect its
operations. For example, the Companys efforts to obtain
control of Ruhrgas through a series of purchases from the
holders of Ruhrgas interests were initially blocked by the
German Federal Cartel Office and then by a series of plaintiffs
who succeeded in convincing the State Superior Court in
Düsseldorf to issue a temporary injunction preventing the
Company from completing the transaction. In order to receive the
ministerial approval of the German Economics Ministry that
overruled the initial decision of the Federal Cartel Office, the
Company was required to make significant concessions, including
committing to divest certain operations, to have E.ON Ruhrgas
sell a significant quantity of natural gas at auction (with
opening bids set at below-market prices) and to offer certain
customers the option of reducing the volume of gas they had
contracted for. In addition, in settling the claims of the
plaintiffs who had received the temporary injunction, the
Company has agreed to divest certain of its operations, to
provide certain of the plaintiffs with energy supply contracts
and network access, to make certain infrastructure improvements
and provide marketing support, as well as making financial
payments. For more information, see Item 4.
Information on the Company History and Development
of the Company Ruhrgas Acquisition. Each of
these matters delayed completion of the Ruhrgas acquisition and
had the effect of increasing the cost of the transaction to the
Company.
In addition, there can be no assurances that the Company will be
able to achieve the benefits it expects from any acquisition or
investment. For example, the Company may fail to retain key
employees, may be unable to successfully integrate new
businesses with its existing businesses, may incorrectly judge
expected cost savings, operating profits or future market trends
and regulatory changes, or may spend more on the acquisition,
integration and operations of new businesses than anticipated.
Legal challenges may also have an impact. E.ON is currently
involved in an arbitration proceeding regarding its interest in
E.ON Finland. See Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview
Nordic Overview. Especially large
acquisitions, such as those of the Powergen Group (now E.ON UK
and LG&E Energy) in 2002, or more recently, the U.K. retail
operations and other assets of TXU Europe Group plc (TXU
Group), which were purchased by E.ON UK in October 2002,
the Midlands Electricity plc (Midlands Electricity)
distribution business, which was purchased by E.ON UK in
January 2004, or E.ON Ruhrgas, the purchase of which was
completed in March 2003, present particularly difficult
challenges. For information on the integration of the TXU Group
and Midlands Electricity businesses, see Item 4.
Information on the Company Business
Overview U.K. and for information on the
integration of E.ON Ruhrgas, see Item 4. Information
on the Company History and Development of the
Company Ruhrgas Acquisition. Investments and
acquisitions of businesses in new areas such as natural gas
require the Company to become familiar with new markets and
competitors and expose the Company to commercial and other
risks, as well as additional regulatory regimes relating to the
acquired businesses that may be stricter than the ones the
Company is currently subject to. Because of the risks and
uncertainty associated with acquisitions and investments, any
acquired businesses or investments may not achieve the
profitability expected by the Company.
9
The U.S. Public Utility Holding Company Act imposes
significant restrictions on the Companys business.
In order to acquire the Powergen Group, the Company was required
to register as a holding company under the U.S.
Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 (PUHCA).
Although the Companys non-U.S. businesses are generally
(but not entirely) free from regulation under this statute, the
Company and its U.S. businesses are subject to extensive
regulation under PUHCA. The PUHCA regulations require prior U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) approval
for a wide range of capital raising, merger and acquisitions,
intercompany transactions and non-regulated activities and could
interfere with the Companys timely implementation of
business plans and its financial flexibility.
The Company cannot be certain it will be able to make
required divestments on acceptable terms or within required time
periods, which could interfere with its declared business
strategy and/or adversely affect its business.
The Company has agreed to sell all of its non-energy-related
businesses except its telecommunications interests in connection
with its acquisition of Powergen Group, and has agreed to divest
additional businesses in connection with its acquisition of
Ruhrgas. Although the Company has successfully completed most of
the required divestments, the Company cannot be sure that it
will be able to complete the remaining required divestments at
the most favorable terms, or within the required divestment
periods. In connection with certain of its divestitures, the
Company has provided standard indemnities to the buyers which
expose it to possible losses in certain circumstances. The
Company may also be subject to sanctions if it is unable to
divest businesses it has undertaken to sell within the required
periods. The Companys business strategy, financial
condition and share price may suffer if it is unable to complete
its planned dispositions successfully.
The Company could be subject to environmental liability
associated with its operations that could materially and
adversely affect its business.
In case of environmental damages caused by an electric power
generation facility, the owner of the facility is subject under
German law to liability provisions that guarantee comprehensive
compensation to all injured parties. In addition, there has been
some relaxation in the evidence required under the German
Environmental Liability Law (Umwelthaftungsgesetz) to
establish and quantify environmental claims. Under German law,
the Company may still be subject to future environmental claims
with respect to alleged historical environmental damage arising
from certain of its discontinued and disposed of operations,
including the VEBA Oel oil business, the VAW aluminum
operations, the Klöckner & Co AG distribution and
logistics businesses and the VEBA Electronics business. The
Company may also be subject to environmental claims with respect
to Degussas operations. If claims were to be asserted
against the Company in relation to environmental damages and
plaintiffs were successful in proving their claims, such claims
could result in material losses to the Company.
In case of a nuclear accident in Germany, the owner of the
reactor, the factory or the nuclear materials storage facility
is subject to liability provisions that guarantee comprehensive
compensation to all injured parties. Under German nuclear power
regulations, the owner is strictly liable, and the geographical
scope of its liability is not limited to Germany. E.ONs
Swedish nuclear power stations also expose the Company to
liability under applicable Swedish law. The Company does not
operate or have interests in nuclear power plants outside of
Germany, Sweden and Switzerland, including in the United Kingdom
or the United States. The Company takes extensive safety and
risk management measures in the operation of its nuclear power
operations, and has mandatory insurance with respect to its
nuclear operations as described in Item 4.
Information on the Company Environmental
Matters Germany: Electricity and
Nordic. However, any claims against the
Company arising in the case of a nuclear power accident could
exceed the coverage of such insurance, and cause material losses
to the Company.
The Company expects that it will incur costs associated with
future environmental compliance, especially compliance with
clean air laws. For example, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has introduced new regulations regarding the reduction of
nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from
electricity generating units. These regulations require LG&E
Energy to make significant additional capital expenditures in
NOx control equipment, which are currently estimated
to total approximately $539 million through 2006, of which
nearly all ($516 million) have been incurred through 2004.
LG&E Energy also expects to make additional capital
expenditures to
10
reduce sulphur dioxide emissions from generation units totaling
$737 million through 2009. LG&E Energy expects to
recover a significant portion of these costs over time from
customers of its regulated utility businesses. In the United
Kingdom, legislation to implement the EU Large Combustion Plants
Directive is currently being discussed. The legislation is
expected to require E.ON UK to make decisions on whether to
invest in enhanced pollution control devices, reduce operating
time at certain of its plants or consider closing certain plants
in the future. Similarly, the German government has recently
amended an ordinance of the German Federal Pollution Control Act
(Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz, or BImSchG) to
introduce lower emission limits for air pollutants such as
carbon monoxide and NOx. This amendment requires both
E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas to make investments in pollution
control devices. In addition, in the United States, LG&E
Energy also expects to be affected by a number of potential
regional or industry-wide transmission market structure changes
that are currently being proposed by the relevant authorities.
Currently, none of E.ONs market units can predict the
extent to which their respective operations will be affected by
the new or proposed legislation and /or regulations. Revisions
to existing environmental laws and regulations and the adoption
of new environmental laws and regulations may result in
significant increases in costs for the Company. Those costs, if
not recoverable from customers, may adversely affect the
Companys operating results or financial condition. For
more information on environmental matters, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Environmental Matters.
Although environmental laws and regulations have an increasing
impact on the Companys activities in almost all the
countries in which it operates, it is impossible to predict
accurately the effect of future developments in such laws and
regulations on the Companys future earnings and
operations. Some risk of environmental costs and liabilities is
inherent in particular operations and products of the Company,
as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses, and
there can be no assurance that material costs and liabilities
will not be incurred.
If power outages involving the Companys electricity
operations occur, the Companys business and results of
operations could be negatively affected.
Each of Italy, Denmark, Sweden, London and large parts of the
United States and Canada experienced major power outages during
2003. The reasons for these blackouts vary, although with the
exception of London they involved a locally or regionally
inadequate balance between power production and consumption,
with single failures triggering a cascade-like shutdown of lines
and power plants following overload or voltage problems. This
type of problem has increased in recent years following the
liberalization of EU electricity markets, partly due to an
emphasis on unrestricted cross-border physically-settled
electricity trading that has resulted in a substantially higher
load on the international network, which was originally
conceived mainly for purposes of mutual assistance and
operations optimization. There are transmission bottlenecks at
many locations in Europe, and the high load has resulted in
fewer safety reserves in the network. In Germany, where power
plants are located in closer proximity to population centers
than in many other countries, the risk of blackouts is lower due
to shorter transmission paths and a strongly meshed network. In
addition, the spread of a power failure is less likely in
Germany due to the organization of the German power grid into
four balancing zones. Nevertheless, the Companys German or
international electricity operations could experience
unanticipated operating or other problems leading to a power
failure. For example, in the case of the blackout which occurred
in Denmark and southern Sweden on September 23, 2003, one
of the causes was an unexpected power failure at the Oskarshamn
power plant (which is 54.5 percent owned by the
Companys majority-owned subsidiary Sydkraft), that
occurred as the plant was being reconnected to the grid
following regularly scheduled maintenance. In addition, on
January 8-9, 2005, a severe storm hit Sweden, destroying the
electricity distribution grid in some areas in the south of the
country. Approximately 250,000 Sydkraft customers were affected
by the resulting power outage, and some customers were left
without electricity for several weeks. Sydkraft estimates that
its costs for rebuilding its distribution grid and compensating
customers will be approximately
164 million.
In Germany, almost half of the countrys wind turbines are
connected to the power grid of E.ON Energie, mostly in the north
of Germany. In the case of a power grid failure, technical grid
access conditions for wind power plants installed through 2003
may require that the majority of such plants be separated from
the grid. This possible separation of a number of wind power
plants from the grid may in turn increase the impact of the
original power failure in the grid. For more information, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Regulatory Environment Germany: Electricity.
11
The Company can give no assurances that power failures involving
its operations will not occur in the future, or that any such
power failure would not have a negative effect on the
Companys business and results of operations.
Financial
The Company is exposed to financial risks that could have
a material effect on its financial condition.
During the normal course of its business, the Company is exposed
to the risk of energy price volatility, as well as interest
rate, commodity price, currency and counterparty risks. These
risks are partially hedged on a Group-wide (or market unit-wide)
basis, but the Company may incur losses if any of the variety of
instruments and strategies it uses to hedge exposures are not
effective. For more information about these risks and the
Companys hedging policies and instruments, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Exchange Rate Exposure and Currency Risk
Management and Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk. For more
information about E.ON Ruhrgas take or pay contracts, see
the discussion on E.ON Ruhrgas long-term gas contracts
above.
The Company is also exposed to other financial risks. For
example, it holds certain stock investments which may expose it
to the risk of stock market declines. For information on the
write downs with regard to E.ONs investment in Bayerische
Hypo- und Vereinsbank AG (HypoVereinsbank) in 2002,
see Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Results of Operations. Financial
markets have performed poorly in some recent years, and markets
may decline again or experience volatility. In addition, a
significant portion of the Company and E.ON UKs
outstanding debt bears interest at floating rates; the
Companys interest expense will therefore increase if the
relevant base rates rise. In addition, the value of the
Companys investments in fixed rate bonds will be adversely
affected by a rise in interest rates.
The Company also faces risks arising from its energy trading
operations. In general, the Company seeks to hedge risks
associated with volatile energy-related prices by entering into
fixed-price bilateral contracts, futures and options contracts
traded on commodities exchanges, and swaps and options traded in
over-the-counter financial markets. To the extent the Company is
unable to hedge these risks, or enters into hedging contracts
that fail to address its exposure or incorrectly anticipate
market movements, it may suffer losses, some of which could be
material. In addition to the risks associated with adverse price
movements, credit risk is also a factor in the energy marketing,
trading and treasury activities, where loss may result from the
non-performance of contractual obligations by a counterparty.
The Company maintains credit policies and control procedures
with respect to counterparties to protect it against losses
associated with such types of credit risk, although there can be
no assurance that these policies and procedures will fully
protect the Company. The marking to market of many of
E.ONs hedging instruments required by
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments
and Hedging Activities (SFAS 133), has also
increased the volatility of the Companys results of
operations, though it has not had a material effect on
E.ONs overall risk exposure. In addition, LG&E Energy
is exposed to potential losses under several fixed-price energy
marketing contracts that its former merchant energy trading
operations entered into in 1996 and early 1997, some of which
run through 2007. Although the Company has used what it believes
to be appropriate estimates for future energy prices, among
other factors, in establishing a provision to cover anticipated
losses on these contracts, no assurance can be given that higher
than anticipated future prices or demand, among other
factors, may not result in additional losses. For more
information about the Companys energy trading
operations, its hedging policies and the instruments used, see
Item 4. Information
on the Company Business
Overview Central Europe Trading,
Pan-European Gas Trading,
U.K. Energy Trading and
Nordic Trading,
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Results of Operations Year
Ended December 31, 2004 Compared with Year Ended
December 31, 2003 and Exchange Rate
Exposure and Currency Risk Management and
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk.
12
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Item 4. |
Information on the Company. |
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY
E.ON AG is a stock corporation organized under the laws of the
Federal Republic of Germany. It is entered in the Commercial
Register (Handelsregister) of the local court of
Düsseldorf, Germany, under HRB 22315. E.ONs
registered office is located at E.ON-Platz 1,
D-40479 Düsseldorf, Germany, telephone +49-211-45
79-0. E.ONs agent in the United States is E.ON North
America, Inc., 405 Lexington Avenue, New York,
NY 10174.
The State of Prussia established VEBA in 1929 when it
consolidated state-owned coal mining and energy interests (hence
the original name VEBA, Vereinigte Elektrizitäts- und
Bergwerks-Aktiengesellschaft). Ownership of VEBA was
transferred from the dissolved Prussian state to the Federal
Republic of Germany. VEBA was partially privatized in 1965,
leaving the German government with a 40.2 percent share.
After several subsequent offerings, privatization was completed
in 1987 when the German government offered its remaining
25.5 percent share to the public. During and since the
privatization process, VEBA AG evolved into a management
holding company, providing strategic leadership and resource
allocation for the entire Group.
VEBA-VIAG MERGER
On June 16, 2000, VEBA AG merged with VIAG AG,
one of the largest industrial groups in Germany. VEBA AG
was subsequently renamed E.ON AG. The merger of VEBA and VIAG to
form E.ON has created the second-largest industrial group
in Germany, based on market capitalization at year-end 2004,
with sales of
49.1 billion
in 2004.
In order to effectuate the merger, VEBA and VIAG submitted an
application to the Merger Task Force of the European Commission
on December 14, 1999. The EU Commission examined the
planned merger and, with its notification of June 13, 2000,
declared it to be compatible with the common market. The EU
Commissions approval required VEBA and VIAG to commit to
make certain divestments in their combined electricity and
chemical operations, and to give undertakings to 1) waive
transfer charges for cross-zone deliveries of electricity within
Germany, 2) purchase a certain minimum amount of electricity
from Vattenfall Europe (formerly VEAG Vereinigte Energiewerke
Aktiengesellschaft (VEAG)), a utility primarily
active in the eastern part of Germany, at market rates during
the period ending on December 31, 2007, and 3) provide
additional interconnector capacity on the border between Germany
and Denmark.
The merger of VEBA and VIAG was legally implemented by merging
VIAG AG into VEBA AG, with VEBA AG continuing as the surviving
entity. The newly-merged company then received the new name E.ON
AG. On June 16, 2000, the merger was entered into the
Commercial Register in Düsseldorf. Upon registration with
the Commercial Register in Düsseldorf, the merger was
completed and became effective for purposes of U.S. GAAP as of
July 1, 2000. VIAG AG was dissolved and its assets and
liabilities were transferred to VEBA AG. Simultaneously, each
VIAG shareholder, with the exception of VEBA AG, received two
shares of the new company in exchange for each five VIAG shares
held. Pursuant to this exchange ratio, the former VIAG
shareholders (with the exception of VEBA AG) therefore held
33.1 percent of the company immediately after the merger,
while the former VEBA shareholders held 66.9 percent. For
information about certain claims brought by former VIAG
shareholders regarding the share exchange ratio used in the
VEBA-VIAG merger, see Item 8. Financial
Information Legal Proceedings.
POWERGEN GROUP ACQUISITION
On April 9, 2001, E.ON made a pre-conditional offer of 765
pence (12.19)
per share to the shareholders of the London- and Coventry-based
British utility Powergen. The pre-conditions of the offer
included making certain government and regulatory filings and
obtaining the approval of regulatory authorities in a number of
jurisdictions, including approvals from the European Commission,
the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets in the United Kingdom
and, due to Powergen Groups U.S. businesses, a number of
U.S. regulatory authorities, including approvals from the state
utility regulators in Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, the
U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the SEC,
which administers PUHCA. In connection with its SEC application,
E.ON
13
agreed, among other things, to divest VEBA Oel, Degussa,
Viterra, Stinnes and VAW over a period of three to five years,
and to register with the SEC as a holding company under PUHCA
following the consummation of the transaction. VEBA Oel, Stinnes
and VAW have already been sold. E.ON has also sold a
21.7 percent stake in Degussa through a two-step process to
RAG Aktiengesellschaft (RAG), which has resulted in
RAG holding a majority of Degussa effective June 1, 2004.
For more information, see Ruhrgas Acquisition.
As agreed between E.ON and Powergen, upon satisfaction of all
conditions E.ON implemented the transaction under an alternative
U.K. legal procedure known as a scheme of
arrangement instead of a tender offer. The scheme of
arrangement provided for the acquisition of all outstanding
Powergen shares by virtue of an order of the English courts
following approval of the transaction at a meeting of Powergen
shareholders on April 19, 2002, convened by order of the
court. The scheme of arrangement was approved by
98.3 percent of the Powergen shares held by Powergen
shareholders present and voting (either in person or by proxy).
On June 12, 2002, E.ON received SEC approval for the
acquisition. On July 1, 2002, E.ON completed its
acquisition of Powergen Group, which is now wholly owned by E.ON.
The total purchase price amounted to
7.6 billion
(net of
0.2 billion
cash acquired), and the assumption of
7.4 billion
of debt. Goodwill in the amount of
8.9 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation. A significant
deterioration in the market environment for Powergen
Groups U.K. and U.S. operations triggered an impairment
analysis as of the acquisition date that resulted in an
impairment charge of
2.4 billion,
thus reducing the amount of goodwill associated with the
transaction to
6.5 billion.
For additional details on this charge, see Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects Results
of Operations. On July 5, 2004, Powergen was renamed
E.ON UK.
Under PUHCA, E.ON AG, LG&E Energy and any other company in
the holding structure between E.ON and LG&E Energy are
classified as holding companies. As holding
companies, they are required to be registered with the SEC or to
obtain an exemption. E.ON and each of the companies between E.ON
and LG&E Energy have therefore been registered as holding
companies under PUHCA and are subject to regulation by the SEC.
E.ON UK was also registered pursuant to this requirement but
following the transfer of LG&E Energy and its direct parent
holding company from a subsidiary of E.ON UK to a direct
subsidiary of E.ON AG in March 2003, E.ON applied for the
deregistration of E.ON UK as a holding company under PUHCA; the
deregistration process was completed in November 2004. The SEC
requires registered holding companies and their subsidiaries to
receive SEC approval for many transactions, including:
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the issuance of securities; |
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the acquisition of securities, utility assets and other
businesses; and |
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lending to or guaranteeing obligations of any other company in
the registered holding company corporate structure. |
As a result of the acquisition, all of E.ONs subsidiaries
that own or operate facilities used for generation, transmission
or distribution of electricity or the retail distribution of gas
outside of the United States are classified under PUHCA as
foreign utility companies. Transactions between any
E.ON subsidiary that is a foreign utility company and an E.ON
subsidiary that is not a foreign utility company are subject to
the SEC regulation.
Under PUHCA and the rules promulgated by the SEC thereunder, no
registered holding company or subsidiary thereof may pay
dividends out of capital or unearned surplus, except pursuant to
an order of the SEC. LG&E Energy is generally only allowed
to pay dividends out of retained earnings.
For more information on E.ON UK and LG&E Energy, see
Business Overview U.K. and
U.S. Midwest.
RUHRGAS ACQUISITION
E.ON Ruhrgas is one of the leading non-state-owned gas companies
in Europe and the largest gas business in Germany in terms of
gas sales. Prior to its acquisition by E.ON, Ruhrgas was owned
by a number of holding companies, with indirect stakes dispersed
among a number of major industrial and energy companies both
within and outside Germany.
14
In 2001, E.ON concluded contracts for the purchase of
significant shareholdings in Ruhrgas with BP p.l.c.
(BP) and Vodafone Group Plc (Vodafone).
The aggregate consideration paid for these stakes was
3.3 billion.
E.ON also reached an agreement in principle with RAG to acquire
its Ruhrgas stakes. In January and February 2002, the German
Federal Cartel Office blocked the consummation of the
transactions with the aforementioned parties on the grounds that
the proposed purchase would have a negative effect on
competition in the German gas and electricity markets. E.ON
appealed the decision to the German Economics Ministry, which
has the power to overrule the Cartel Office if it determines a
transaction would result in an overriding general benefit to the
German economy. In March 2002, E.ON agreed to acquire
ThyssenKrupp AGs interest in Ruhrgas for a total
consideration of
0.5 billion.
In May 2002, E.ON reached a definitive agreement with RAG to
acquire RAGs more than 18 percent interest in Ruhrgas
and to sell E.ONs majority interest in Degussa to RAG.
Under the arrangement, RAG acquired a majority shareholding in
Degussa in two steps at a price of
38 per share. In
the first step, in June 2002, RAG made a cash tender offer to
Degussas shareholders at a price of
38 per share.
The parties definitive agreement provided that after
completion of the tender offer RAG and E.ON would hold equal
shareholdings of Degussa and would manage Degussa jointly. In
the second step, E.ON sold 3.6 percent of Degussas
shares to RAG at the above price to give RAG a 50.1 percent
interest in Degussa effective June 1, 2004.
On July 3, 2002, E.ON reached agreements to acquire the
40 percent interest in Ruhrgas held indirectly by Esso
Deutschland GmbH, Deutsche Shell GmbH, and TUI AG, which would
make E.ON the sole owner of Ruhrgas. The aggregate purchase
price for these stakes was
4.1 billion.
On July 5, 2002, E.ON was granted the ministerial approval
it had requested for the acquisition of a majority shareholding
in Ruhrgas. The ministerial approval was linked with stringent
requirements designed to promote competition in the gas sector.
Ruhrgas was required to auction 75 billion kilowatt hours
(kWh) of natural gas to its competitors and to
legally unbundle its transmission system from its other
operations. In addition, E.ON and Ruhrgas were required to
divest several shareholdings. These included E.ON Energies
stakes in Gelsenwasser AG (Gelsenwasser) and EWE
Aktiengesellschaft (EWE), and minority stakes held
by each of E.ON Energie and Ruhrgas in Verbundnetz Gas AG
(VNG), Bayerngas GmbH (Bayerngas) and
swb AG (swb). On the same day, E.ON completed the
acquisition of 38.5 percent of Ruhrgas from BP, Vodafone
and ThyssenKrupp AG.
A number of companies with alleged interests in the German
energy industry filed complaints against the ministerial
approval with the State Superior Court
(Oberlandesgericht) in Düsseldorf and petitioned the
court to issue a temporary injunction blocking the transaction.
The court subsequently issued a series of orders in July, August
and September 2002 that temporarily enjoined the Companys
acquisition of a majority stake in Ruhrgas. In addition, the
court prohibited the Company from exercising its
shareholders rights with respect to the Ruhrgas stake it
had acquired from BP, Vodafone and ThyssenKrupp AG until the
takeover was approved. E.ON continued to maintain that the
reasons given by the court in the summary proceedings leading to
these orders did not justify its decision.
Following the issuance of the temporary injunction, on
September 18, 2002, Germanys Federal Minister of
Economics confirmed the essential aspects of the July 5
ministerial approval for E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas.
However, the ministry linked its decision to a tightening of the
requirements. Ruhrgas was also required to sell its stakes in
Bayerngas and swb, and all of the companies required to be
disposed of were granted special rights to terminate their
existing purchase agreements with E.ON and Ruhrgas on a
staggered basis. In addition, customers purchasing more than
50 percent of their gas requirements from Ruhrgas were
granted the right, as of October 2003, to reduce the volume of
gas purchased from Ruhrgas to 80 percent of the contracted
amount. Finally, Ruhrgas was required to auction
200 billion kWh of natural gas to its competitors, with the
minimum bid in such auctions being lower than the average
border-crossing price. The approval also provided that the
ministry has the right to take further action (including
imposing a possible veto) in the event of any sale by E.ON of a
controlling interest in E.ON Ruhrgas or a change in control over
E.ON. On this basis, the ministry asked the State Superior Court
to lift its temporary injunction.
On December 17, 2002, the State Superior Court decided not
to lift the temporary injunction, and formal proceedings
(Hauptverfahren) regarding the injunction started in
January 2003. On January 31, 2003, E.ON
15
reached settlement agreements with all plaintiffs who had
contested the validity of the ministerial approval. The
settlement agreements with each of the nine plaintiffs differ in
certain respects, though they can be divided into two groups.
Those with EnBW and Fortum Oil and Gas Oy (Fortum)
primarily entail the exchange of shareholdings in certain of the
companies respective domestic and northern European
affiliates upon agreed conditions. In addition, E.ON agreed to
acquire a stake in Concord Power Verwaltungsgesellschaft GmbH
(Concord Power) under an agreement with EnBW and the
Saalfeld Group, the owners of Concord Power. Concord Power plans
to build a new Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Station in
Lubmin on the Baltic Sea. The agreements with the remaining
plaintiffs Ampere AG, ares Energie AG, GGEW
Gruppen-Gas-und Elektrizitätswerk Bergstraße AG,
Stadtwerke Aachen Aktiengesellschaft, Stadtwerke Rosenheim
GmbH & Co. KG and Trianel European Energy Trading
GmbH generally include commitments by E.ON to enter
into gas and/or electricity supply contracts, make certain
infrastructure improvements (particularly with regard to gas
distribution), and provide specified access to the gas and
electricity supply grids. Certain of these agreements also
provide for the sale by E.ON of shareholdings or distribution
assets and the related customer base or require E.ON to provide
marketing support. These agreements also required E.ON to make
other financial payments to the plaintiffs. In addition, Ruhrgas
reconfirmed to all the parties its commitment to open and fair
competition in the gas market.
In March 2003, E.ON acquired the remaining shares of Ruhrgas.
The total cost of the transaction to E.ON, including settlement
costs and excluding dividends received on Ruhrgas shares owned
by E.ON prior to its consolidation, amounted to
10.2 billion.
Beginning as of February 1, 2003, E.ON fully consolidated
Ruhrgas, which was renamed E.ON Ruhrgas on July 1, 2004.
Upon termination of the court proceedings, the Company completed
the first step of the RAG/ Degussa transaction, i.e., the
Company acquired RAGs Ruhrgas stake for total
consideration of
2.0 billion,
and E.ON tendered 37.2 million of its shares in Degussa to
RAG at the price of
38 per share,
receiving total proceeds of
1.4 billion.
Following this transaction and the completion of the tender
offer to the other Degussa shareholders, RAG and E.ON each held
a 46.5 percent interest in Degussa, with the remainder
being held by the public. With effect from June 1, 2004,
E.ON sold a further 3.6 percent of Degussa stock to RAG,
giving RAG a 50.1 percent interest in Degussa. Total
proceeds from the sale of this 3.6 percent stake amounted
to
283 million.
In connection with E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas, E.ON
committed to divest several shareholdings. E.ON Energie and E.ON
Ruhrgas have disposed of the following shareholdings, which
comprise all of the shareholdings required to be divested by the
ministerial approval:
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In September 2003, E.ON Energie sold its 80.5 percent
interest in Gelsenwasser to a joint venture company owned by the
municipal utilities of the cities of Dortmund and Bochum.
Gelsenwasser has been accounted for as a discontinued operation
in the Consolidated Financial Statements. |
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In October 2003, E.ON Energie transferred its 5.26 percent
stake in VNG to E.ON Ruhrgas, which already owned an interest in
this Leipzig-based gas distributor. In December 2003, E.ON
Ruhrgas agreed to sell 32.1 percent of VNG to EWE, and
offered its remaining 10.0 percent stake in VNG to eleven
municipalities in eastern Germany. These sales were subject to
the fulfillment of a number of conditions and were completed in
January 2004. |
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In November 2003, E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas sold their
respective 22.0 percent stakes in Bayerngas to the
municipal utilities of the cities of Munich, Augsburg,
Regensburg and Ingolstadt, and to the city of Landshut. |
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In November 2003, E.ON Energie sold its 100 percent
interest in E.ON-Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft mbH to EWE.
E.ON Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft mbH held E.ONs
32.36 percent interest in swb, comprising all of the shares
previously held by E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas. |
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In January 2004, E.ON Energie sold its 27.4 percent stake
in EWE to EWEs majority shareholders Energieverband
Elbe-Weser Beteiligungsholding GmbH and Weser-Ems
Energiebeteiligungen GmbH. |
16
For more information about these transactions, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Acquisitions and Dispositions
Central Europe/ Pan-European Gas/ U.K.,
Discontinued Operations and Note 4
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
E.ON Ruhrgas has also fulfilled the requirement of the
ministerial approval to offer those customers which purchase
more than 50 percent of their gas requirements from E.ON
Ruhrgas the option of reducing the volume of gas purchased from
E.ON Ruhrgas to 80 percent of the contracted amount for the
remaining term of the applicable contract. In addition, E.ON
Ruhrgas has offered Bayerngas and swb the right to a staged
termination of their contracts over a three-year period
beginning in July 2004. For additional information, see
Business Overview Pan-European
Gas Sales.
On July 30, 2003, E.ON Ruhrgas offered 33 billion kWh
of natural gas at auction from its supply portfolio in the first
of six auctions intended to fulfill the requirements of the
ministerial approval mandating the sale of an aggregate of
200 billion kWh of gas. 15 billion kWh of this gas was
sold. On May 19, 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas offered approximately
39 billion kWh of gas under its long-term supply contracts
in an internet-based second auction. The offered volume included
a third of the volume not sold in the first auction
(approximately 6 billion kWh). In the 2004 auction, seven
bidders purchased an aggregate volume of approximately
35 billion kWh of gas. The prices E.ON Ruhrgas obtained in
each of the first two auctions were in line with the minimum
prices set by the German Federal Ministry for Economics and
Labor. E.ON Ruhrgas is required to hold the remaining gas
auctions in annual steps. The remaining two thirds of the
volumes not sold in the first auction (approximately
12 billion kWh) will be offered at the third and fourth gas
auctions.
In addition, on January 1, 2004, in fulfillment of the
ministerial requirement that E.ON Ruhrgas legally unbundle its
transmission business, E.ON Ruhrgas transferred this business to
a new subsidiary, E.ON Ruhrgas Transport AG & Co. KG
(E.ON Ruhrgas Transport). For more information on
E.ON Ruhrgas Transport, see Business
Overview Pan-European Gas Transmission
System and Storage.
Finally, as part of the settlement agreement E.ON entered into
with the Finnish utility Fortum, E.ON and Fortum swapped certain
shareholdings in February and March 2003. Fortum acquired
Sydkrafts equity interests in the Norwegian utilities
Hafslund, Østfold and Frederikstad and E.ON Energies
equity interest in the Russian utility AO Lenenergo. In return,
Sydkraft bought the Swedish distribution company Fortum Nät
Småland AB (Småland) and E.ON AG bought
the German power plant Fortum Kraftwerk Burghausen GmbH
(Burghausen), ownership of which was transferred to
E.ON Energie, and the Irish peat-fired power plant Edenderry
Power Limited (Edenderry), ownership of which was
transferred to E.ON UK.
In connection with its acquisition of Ruhrgas, E.ON seeks to
achieve the following potential synergies in its market units:
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In the Pan-European Gas market unit, E.ON intends to leverage
its increased gas operations to improve its negotiating position
with producers of natural gas, and to take advantage of
pan-European gas arbitrage opportunities. For information about
E.ONs planned capital investment in E.ON Ruhrgas, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Liquidity and Capital Resources. |
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In the Central Europe market unit, E.ON expects to benefit from
joint market management with regional energy companies, the
integration of continental European gas trading activities and
the sharing of technical expertise among the power and gas
businesses. In order to integrate the Companys continental
European gas trading activities conducted by D-Gas B.V.
(D-Gas), E.ON Energie transferred their gas trading
operations to E.ON Ruhrgas in 2004. |
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In the U.K. market unit, E.ON intends to use the Pan-European
Gas division to enhance E.ON UKs gas supply and gas
storage options, as well as support its trading activities. An
important first step was the conclusion of a 10-year gas supply
contract between E.ON Ruhrgas and E.ON UK. E.ON Ruhrgas started
supplying E.ON UK with gas in October 2004. |
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In the Nordic market unit, E.ON also intends to use the
Pan-European Gas market unit to enhance Sydkrafts gas
supply options and expects to be able to use a joint approach
for future gas infrastructure |
17
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development. E.ON Ruhrgas and Sydkraft have also entered into a
gas supply contract, pursuant to which E.ON Ruhrgas will start
to supply Sydkraft with natural gas in autumn 2005. |
In addition, E.ON has identified a number of areas in which it
expects to achieve cost savings through the integration of E.ON
Ruhrgas with other E.ON Group companies. Major areas of
potential cost savings include the reduction of procurement
costs through process optimization and joint purchasing power,
the integration of gas trading activities in central Europe and
savings in overhead costs.
For more information on E.ON Ruhrgas, see
Business Overview Pan-European
Gas. For more information on the impact of this
transaction on E.ONs financial condition, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Liquidity and Capital Resources. In
addition, in connection with E.ONs on.top project, E.ON
Energie transferred a number of shareholdings to E.ON Ruhrgas or
to E.ON AG, and E.ON Ruhrgas transferred a number of
shareholdings to E.ON Energie. These transfers, which generally
took place in December 2003 or in 2004, are described in more
detail in Group Strategy
On.top.
GROUP STRATEGY
E.ON is committed to an integrated business model with a clear
focus on power and gas. This was confirmed in a broad strategic
review in 2003 called the on.top project, which
resulted in a reorganization of E.ONs businesses in order
to help implement that model and achieve the strategic
objectives outlined below. The core energy business has been
reorganized into five new market units. These market units,
focusing each on a region in which management believes E.ON has
a strong competitive position, are:
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Central Europe, led by E.ON Energie AG; |
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Pan-European Gas, led by E.ON Ruhrgas AG; |
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U.K., led by E.ON UK plc; |
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Nordic, led by E.ON Nordic AB; and |
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U.S. Midwest, led by LG&E Energy LLC. |
The lead companies of each market unit report directly to E.ON
AG. The activities of the Central Europe, Nordic, U.K. and U.S.
Midwest market units include the generation, transmission,
distribution and sale of energy to customers in each regional
market. While focusing on electricity, these activities also
include or will include distribution and sales of natural gas to
retail customers. The Pan-European Gas unit focuses on the
supply, transmission and sale of natural gas to distributors and
industrial customers in Europe, and also engages in trading and
gas exploration and production activities. In addition, the
market unit has primarily minority interests in a large number
of German and other European municipal and regional energy
distribution companies.
In addition, the role of the Corporate Center at E.ON AG has
been enhanced and more closely aligned to the Groups focus
on energy. The Corporate Centers new responsibilities
include the design and implementation of strategies and policies
with the goal of optimizing the Groups results across the
energy markets in which it is active, the pursuit of operational
excellence at each of the market units through the transfer of
best practice, as well as a stronger role in regulatory affairs
that may affect several market units at the same time. Human
resources management and career development for 200 top
executives currently working throughout the Group have also been
centralized at the Corporate Center and a project for
establishing a Group-wide E.ON identity has been introduced.
Beginning in 2004, E.ONs financial reporting mirrors the
new structure, with each of the five market units constituting a
separate segment for financial reporting purposes. Viterra and
the results of E.ONs minority interest in Degussa continue
to be presented outside of the core energy business, and the
results of the enhanced Corporate Center (including
consolidation effects) are reported as a separate segment. At
the same time, with effect from January 2004, management has
decided to use adjusted EBIT, rather than internal operating
profit, as the primary measure by which it evaluates the
performance of each segment in accordance with SFAS 131.
E.ON defines this measure as an adjusted figure derived from
income/(loss) from continuing operations (before intra-
18
Group eliminations when presented on a segment basis) before
income taxes and minority interests, excluding interest income.
Adjustments include net book gains resulting from disposals, as
well as restructuring expenses and other non-operating earnings
of an exceptional nature. In addition, interest income is
adjusted using economic criteria. In particular, the interest
portion of additions to provisions for pensions and nuclear
waste management is allocated to adjusted interest income.
Management believes that this measure is the most useful segment
performance measure because it better depicts the performance of
individual operating units independent of changes in interest
income and taxes.
As part of the implementation of the new structure, E.ON
completed intra-Group transfers of shareholdings in a number of
its companies in December 2003 and in 2004, except as noted
below. These transactions include:
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The transfer by E.ON Energie to E.ON Ruhrgas of its: |
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67.7 percent interest in Thüga; |
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up to 40.0 percent interest in the Austrian company RAG
Beteiligungs-Aktiengesellschaft, which owns a 75 percent
share in the Austrian exploration and production company
Rohöl-Aufsuchungs Aktiengesellschaft (to be completed in
2005); |
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18.8 percent interest in the Latvian gas supplier JSC
Latvijas Gaze; |
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14.3 percent interest in the Lithuanian gas distributor AB
Lietuvos Dujos; and its |
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gas trading business D-Gas. |
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The transfer by E.ON Ruhrgas to E.ON Energie of its downstream
gas activities in the Czech Republic and Hungary, including its: |
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4.45 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Jihomoravská plynárenská a.s. (JMP); |
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27.6 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Západoceská plynárenská a.s.
(ZCP); |
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24.0 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Prazská plynárenská Holding a.s.
(PPH); |
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0.05 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Prazská plynárenská a.s. (PP); |
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14.3 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Stredoceska plynárenská a.s. (STP); |
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9.57 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution company
Severomoravská plynárenská a.s. (SMP); |
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16.52 percent interest in the Czech gas distribution
company Východoceská plynárenská a.s.
(VCP); |
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49.8 percent interest in the Hungarian gas distribution
company Déldunántuli Gázszolgáltató
Részvenytársaság (DDGÁZ); and its |
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16.3 percent interest in the Hungarian gas distribution
company Fövárosi Gázmüvek
Részvénytársaság
(FÖGÁZ). |
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The transfer by E.ON Energie to E.ON AG of its 100 percent
interest in E.ON Scandinavia (which has since been re-named E.ON
Nordic), including its: |
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55.2 percent interest in Sydkraft, including
Sydkrafts interest in Graninge AB (Graninge)
and its interest in the Baltic Cable; and a |
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65.6 percent interest in E.ON Finland. |
The on.top project also included the definition of mid-term
performance targets for the Group. Managements principal
goal in guiding strategic and investment decisions is to realize
a significant improvement in E.ONs return on capital while
growing earnings through 2006.
19
E.ONs corporate strategy is to maximize the value of its
portfolio of focused energy businesses with a strong presence in
the value chains for both electricity and gas through:
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Creating value from the convergence of European energy markets
(e.g., as the United Kingdom becomes a net importer of
gas and can take advantage of greater pipeline capacity
connecting it to continental Europe, E.ON will be able to supply
its retail gas business in the United Kingdom from its
Pan-European Gas supply business). |
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Creating value from the convergence of the electricity and gas
value chains (e.g., offering retail electricity and gas
customers energy from a single source), thus providing E.ON with
opportunities to realize economies of scale in servicing costs
while increasing customer loyalty, thus reducing its customer
churn rate. |
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Enhancing operational performance through identifying and
transferring best practice for common activities throughout the
Groups different market units (e.g., effective
programs for enhancing E.ONs electricity generation,
distribution and retailing businesses). |
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Improving the Groups competitive position in its target
markets through pursuing selective investments which contribute
to these objectives or provide stand alone value creation
opportunities, as described below; and |
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Tapping value-enhancing growth potential in new markets such as
Russia and Italy. |
E.ON has set a number of specific objectives for implementing
its corporate strategy within each of its target markets, namely:
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Central Europe Fortifying strong market positions
and developing new growth potential through: |
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consolidation of distribution activities and capitalizing on
opportunities from power-gas convergence; |
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re-investment in power generation to maintain the strong market
position; |
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hedging exposure to price risks through vertical integration of
generation and distribution operations; and |
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participation in the privatization of power and downstream gas
companies in eastern Central Europe, as well as selective
investments in power generation. |
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Pan-European Gas Strengthening and diversifying E.ON
Ruhrgas current position through: |
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selective equity investments in gas production in the North Sea
and Russia; |
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participation in infrastructure projects to enhance gas supply
position in Europe; and |
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selective acquisitions of mid- and downstream companies in
Europe. |
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U.K. Enhancing profitability of the U.K. businesses
through: |
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investing in flexible generation assets and low carbon intensive
generating technologies, such as Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
(CCGT), to maintain a low cost hedge for changes in
retail electricity demand; |
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investing in the generation of power from renewable resources to
capture value from the British governments renewable
obligation mandate; and |
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investing in gas storage assets to hedge against potentially
volatile gas price movements as the United Kingdom starts to
become a net importer of gas. |
20
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Nordic Strengthening E.ONs position in a
consolidating market through: |
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expanding presence in power generation; |
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enhancing scale through synergistic acquisitions in distribution
and district heating; and |
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continued participation in gas supply and infrastructure
developments. |
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U.S. Midwest Focusing on optimizing LG&E
Energys current operations in Kentucky and delivering
additional performance improvements. This could include
investments in generation capacity if the demand for electricity
grows and the U.S. regulatory authorities enable the Company to
earn a return on investment that meets its stringent criteria. |
As it focuses on energy, E.ON will seek to maximize the value of
its remaining non-core businesses by divesting them at an
appropriate time and allocating the proceeds to strategic
investments. As part of its strategy to focus on its core energy
business, E.ON has decided to actively pursue the disposal of
Viterra, and currently expects to complete the disposition of
Viterra during 2005.
The transformation of the Company into a focused energy business
has entailed significant divestment and acquisition activities
in recent years. For more detailed information on the principal
activities in implementing the transformation, see
Powergen Group Acquisition,
Ruhrgas Acquisition and the respective
market unit descriptions in Business
Overview.
OTHER SIGNIFICANT EVENTS
In January 2004, E.ON UK acquired Midlands Electricity, a
British electricity distributor, from Aquila Energy Inc.
(Aquila) and FirstEnergy Corp.
(FirstEnergy).
In January 2004, E.ONs indirect stake in the Swedish
energy utility Graninge increased to 97.5 percent and
Graninge was delisted following completion of a mandatory tender
offer. Beginning in November 2003, following its receipt of the
required approvals from the relevant antitrust authorities,
Sydkraft had increased its stake in Graninge from
36.3 percent to 79.0 percent by acquiring shares from
Electricité de France (EdF) and other
shareholders. Swedish law required Sydkraft to make a public
tender for all outstanding Graninge shares following the
acquisition of a majority stake. By June 2004, Sydkraft had
acquired the remaining outstanding shares and controlled
100 percent of Graninge.
In March 2004, E.ON completed a cash tender offer to the holders
of approximately
1.8 billion
in outstanding principal amount of debt issued by Powergen and
its subsidiaries, which did not include dollar-denominated bonds
that matured in 2004. At the conclusion of the offer, a total of
approximately
1.2 billion
in principal amount of bonds had been tendered.
Effective June 1, 2004, E.ON sold a further
3.6 percent of Degussa stock to RAG and now holds a
42.9 percent shareholding in Degussa.
In July 2004, E.ON and OAO Gazprom (Gazprom) signed
a Memorandum of Understanding for a deepened cooperation between
the parties to pursue joint projects in gas production in
Russia, gas transport to Europe (including the joint
construction of a new pipeline through the Baltic Sea to western
Europe), power generation in Russia, and the expansion of
infrastructure to market natural gas and power in Europe, as
well as examine and, if possible, jointly implement generation
projects. The parties expect that the Baltic Sea gas pipeline,
if and when built, will increase Russias gas export
capacity to western Europe, diversify delivery routes for
Russian gas to western Europe, and create new sales
opportunities for Russian gas.
In September 2004, E.ON agreed further details regarding its
agreement in principle with the Norwegian energy company
Statkraft SF (Statkraft) to sell a portion
(1.6 TWh) of the generation capacity that Sydkraft had
acquired as part of the Graninge acquisition to its minority
shareholder Statkraft. E.ON expects that the contract
negotiations will be completed in the first half of 2005.
21
In October 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas signed an agreement for the
acquisition of a 51.0 percent stake in the Romanian gas
supplier Distrigaz Nord S.A. (Distrigaz Nord). The
transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2005.
In November 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas International AG
(ERI) signed an agreement for the acquisition of
75.0 percent minus 1 share each of the gas trading and gas
storage businesses of the Hungarian oil and gas company MOL RT.
(MOL) and its 50.0 percent interest in the gas
importer Panrusgáz Rt. (Panrusgáz). In
addition, MOL received a put option to sell to ERI up to
75.0 percent minus 1 share of its gas transmission business
and put options to sell to ERI the remaining 25.0 percent
plus 1 share in the MOL gas trading and gas storage companies.
The transaction is subject to antitrust approval by the relevant
cartel authorities and the Hungarian energy office and is
expected to close in the second half of 2005.
In December 2004, Viterra acquired 49.1 percent of
Deutschbau-Holding GmbH (Deutschbau-Holding) from
various investors. Viterra now holds a 99.1 percent
interest in Deutschbau-Holding.
In December 2004, Thüga sold its 15.05 percent stake
in MVV Energie AG (MVV) to EnBW.
In December 2004, E.ON replaced its existing
12.5 billion
credit facility with a new facility that permits borrowings in
an aggregate amount of up to
10 billion
on improved terms and conditions.
In February 2005, E.ON Energie acquired 67.0 percent stakes
in each of the two northeastern Bulgarian electricity
distribution companies Elektrorazpredelenie Varna EAD
(Elektrorazpredelenie Varna) and
Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna Oryahovitza EAD
(Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna Oryahovitza).
See also the respective market unit descriptions in
Business Overview and the descriptions
in Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Acquisitions and Dispositions and
Liquidity and Capital Resources.
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
E.ONs aggregate capital expenditures for property, plant
and equipment were
2.6 billion
in 2004 (2003:
2.6 billion,
2002:
3.1 billion).
For a detailed description of these capital expenditures, as
well as E.ONs expected capital expenditures for the period
beginning in 2005, see Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects Liquidity and Capital
Resources.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
E.ON is the second-largest industrial group in Germany, measured
on the basis of market capitalization at year-end 2004. In 2004,
the Groups core energy business was organized into the
following separate market units: Central Europe, Pan-European
Gas, U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest, as well as the Corporate
Center. Outside its core energy business, E.ON holds a
controlling interest in Viterra, its real estate subsidiary, and
a 42.9 percent interest in Degussa, which is not
consolidated, but rather accounted for using the equity method.
Core
Energy Business
Central Europe. E.ON Energie is the lead company of the
Central Europe market unit. E.ON Energie is one of the largest
non-state-owned European power companies in terms of electricity
sales, with revenues of
20.8 billion
(which included
1.1 billion
of electricity taxes that were remitted to the tax authorities)
in 2004. E.ON Energies core business consists of the
ownership and operation of power generation facilities and the
transmission, distribution and sale of electric power, gas and
heat in Germany and continental Europe. The Central Europe
market unit owns interests in and operates power stations with a
total installed capacity of approximately 35,800 megawatts
(MW), of which Central Europes attributable
share is approximately 27,500 MW (not including mothballed,
shutdown and reduced power plants). Through its own operations,
as well as through distribution companies, in most of which it
owns a majority interest, E.ON Energie also distributes
electricity, heat and gas to regional and municipal utilities,
commercial and industrial customers and residential customers,
which together account for more than one-third of the
electricity consumption by end users in
22
Germany. In 2004, the Central Europe market unit contributed
42.3 percent of E.ONs revenues and recorded adjusted
EBIT of
3.6 billion.
Pan-European Gas. E.ON Ruhrgas is the lead company of the
Pan-European Gas market unit. E.ON Ruhrgas is one of the leading
non-state-owned gas companies in Europe and the largest gas
business in Germany in terms of gas sales, with
641.4 billion kWh of gas sold in 2004. E.ON Ruhrgas
principal business is the supply, transmission, storage and sale
of natural gas. E.ON Ruhrgas imports gas from Russia, Norway,
the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Denmark, and also
purchases gas from domestic sources. E.ON Ruhrgas sells this gas
to regional and supraregional distributors, municipal utilities
and industrial customers in Germany and increasingly also
delivers gas to customers in other European countries. In
addition, E.ON Ruhrgas is active in gas transmission within
Germany via a network of approximately 11,000 kilometers
(km) of gas pipelines and operates a number of
underground storage facilities in Germany. E.ON Ruhrgas also
holds numerous stakes in German and other European gas
transportation and distribution companies, as well as a small
shareholding in Gazprom, Russias main natural gas
exploration, production, transportation and marketing company.
In 2004, the Pan-European Gas market unit recorded revenues of
14.4 billion
(which included
2.9 billion
in natural gas and electricity taxes that were remitted,
directly or indirectly, to the tax authorities) and adjusted
EBIT of
1.4 billion.
The Pan-European Gas market unit contributed 29.4 percent
of E.ONs revenues in 2004.
U.K. E.ON UK is the lead company of the U.K. market unit.
E.ON UK is an integrated energy company with its principal
operations focused in the United Kingdom. In 2004, the U.K.
market unit recorded revenues of
8.5 billion
or 17.3 percent of E.ONs revenues, and adjusted EBIT
of
1.0 billion.
E.ON UK and its associated companies are actively involved in
the ownership and operation of power generation facilities, as
well as in the distribution and supply of electric power and gas
and in energy trading. E.ON UK owns interests in and operates
power stations with a total installed capacity of approximately
9,480 MW, of which its attributable share is approximately 9,265
MW (not including mothballed and shutdown power plants). On
January 16, 2004, E.ON UK completed the acquisition of the
distribution business of Midlands Electricity, together with an
electrical contracting operation, an electricity and gas
metering business and minority interests in three power
stations. The acquisition has approximately doubled the number
of customer connections served by E.ON UKs distribution
business, bringing it to 4.8 million.
Nordic. E.ON Nordic is the lead company of the Nordic
market unit. It currently operates through the two integrated
energy companies Sydkraft and E.ON Finland, primarily in Sweden
and Finland. In January 2004, E.ON transferred E.ON Nordic from
a subsidiary of E.ON Energie to E.ON AG. E.ON Nordic and its
associated companies are actively involved in the ownership and
operation of power generation facilities, as well as the
distribution and supply of electric power, gas and heat. E.ON
Nordic owns interests in power stations with a total installed
capacity of approximately 16,317 MW, of which its attributable
share is approximately 7,971 MW (not including mothballed and
shutdown power plants). In 2004, E.ON Nordic recorded revenues
of
3.3 billion
(including
395 million
of electricity and natural gas taxes that were remitted to the
tax authorities) or 6.8 percent of E.ONs revenues,
and adjusted EBIT of
701 million.
U.S. Midwest. LG&E Energy is the lead company of the
U.S. Midwest market unit. LG&E Energy is a diversified
energy services company with businesses in power generation,
retail gas and electric utility services, as well as off-system
sales. LG&E Energys power generation and retail
electricity and gas services are located principally in
Kentucky, with a small customer base in Virginia and Tennessee.
In 2004, the U.S. Midwest market unit recorded revenues of
1.9 billion
or 3.9 percent of E.ONs revenues, and adjusted EBIT
of
349 million.
LG&E Energy owns interests in and operates power stations
with a total installed capacity of approximately 10,600 MW, of
which its attributable share is approximately 9,700 MW (not
including mothballed and shutdown power plants).
Corporate Center. The Corporate Center consists of E.ON
AG itself, equity interests managed directly by E.ON AG,
including those of its remaining telecommunications interests,
and consolidation effects at the Group level, including the
elimination of intersegment sales.
23
Other
Activities
Viterra. Viterra, E.ONs real estate group, is
engaged in two businesses: residential real estate and real
estate development. Viterra is one of Germanys largest
private owners of residential property, with a property
portfolio at year-end 2004 of approximately 138,000 housing
units, including approximately 20,000 housing units legally
owned by MIRA Grundstücksgesellschaft und Co. KG
(MIRA). Viterra also held 76 commercial units
at year-end. In 2004, Viterra had revenues of
988 million
and adjusted EBIT of
471 million,
and contributed 2.0 percent of E.ONs revenues. As
part of its strategy to focus on its core energy business, E.ON
has decided to actively pursue the disposal of Viterra, and
currently expects to complete the disposition of Viterra during
2005.
Degussa. Degussa is one of the major specialty chemical
companies in the world. As of February 2003, following the first
step of the RAG/ Degussa transaction described in
History and Development of the Company Ruhrgas
Acquisition, E.ON held a 46.5 percent interest in
Degussa and operated Degussa under joint control with RAG, which
also held a 46.5 percent interest. E.ON has accounted for
Degussa using the equity method since February 1, 2003.
Effective June 1, 2004, E.ON sold a further
3.6 percent of Degussa stock to RAG. For all periods from
February 1, 2003 until May 31, 2004, E.ON recorded
46.5 percent of Degussas after-tax earnings in its
financial earnings. From June 1, 2004, E.ON has recorded
42.9 percent of Degussas after-tax earnings in its
financial earnings. In 2004, Degussa contributed adjusted EBIT
of
107 million.
Until the end of 2001, E.ON reported its telecommunications
activities as a separate segment. Following the sale of its
remaining minority interest in the French mobile
telecommunications network operator Bouygues Telecom S.A.
(Bouygues Telecom) in 2003, E.ONs only
remaining telecommunications interest is a 50.1 percent
stake in the Austrian mobile telecommunications network operator
ONE GmbH (ONE), formerly Connect Austria
Gesellschaft für Telekommunikation GmbH (Connect
Austria). E.ON considers its former telecommunications
division to be of minor significance. Accordingly, as of January
2002, E.ON has reported the results of these activities under
Other/ Consolidation in 2002 and Corporate Center in 2003 in its
segment reporting. Effective January 1, 2002, ONE is
accounted for at equity in E.ONs Consolidated Financial
Statements, as was Bouygues Telecom until divestment of the
first tranche of the shares to the Bouygues Group in March 2003.
For information on E.ONs discontinued operations,
including its former oil, distribution/logistics, aluminum and
silicon wafers divisions, as well as certain activities of the
Central Europe and U.S. Midwest market units and of Viterra and
Degussa, see Discontinued Operations.
As a result of E.ONs on.top strategic review launched in
2003, the core energy business has been reorganized into five
new regional market units, plus the Corporate Center. Beginning
in 2004, E.ONs financial reporting mirrors the new
structure, with each of the five market units constituting a
separate segment for financial reporting purposes. The results
of the enhanced Corporate Center are reported as a separate
segment, and Viterra and the results of E.ONs minority
interest in Degussa continue to be presented outside of the core
energy business. As part of the implementation of the new
structure, E.ON completed intra-Group transfers of shareholdings
in a number of its companies in December 2003 and in 2004. None
of these transfers had any impact on E.ONs financial
results on a consolidated basis. To facilitate comparison, the
table below provides revenues for both 2004 and 2003 according
to the new market unit structure. For information about the
transfer of shareholdings in connection with E.ONs on.top
project, see History and Development of the
Company Group Strategy On.top. For
additional information on the presentation of segment
information for 2004, 2003 and 2002, see Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Business Segment Information.
24
The following table sets forth the revenues of E.ON by market
unit for 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in | |
|
|
|
( in | |
|
|
|
|
millions) | |
|
% | |
|
millions) | |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Central Europe(1)(2)
|
|
|
20,752 |
|
|
|
42.3 |
|
|
|
19,253 |
|
|
|
41.5 |
|
Pan-European Gas(3)
|
|
|
14,426 |
|
|
|
29.4 |
|
|
|
12,973 |
|
|
|
27.9 |
|
U.K
|
|
|
8,490 |
|
|
|
17.3 |
|
|
|
7,923 |
|
|
|
17.1 |
|
Nordic(4)
|
|
|
3,347 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
2,824 |
|
|
|
6.1 |
|
U.S. Midwest(2)
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
Corporate Center(2)(5)
|
|
|
(813 |
) |
|
|
(1.7 |
) |
|
|
(596 |
) |
|
|
(1.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
48,115 |
|
|
|
98.0 |
|
|
|
44,348 |
|
|
|
95.5 |
|
|
Other Activities(2)(6)
|
|
|
988 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
2,079 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues(7)
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes electricity taxes of
1,051 million
in 2004 and
1,015 million
in 2003. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the sales of certain activities now accounted for as
discontinued operations. For more details, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
Acquisitions and Dispositions Discontinued
Operations and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the sales of the former Ruhrgas activities from the
date of consolidation on February 1, 2003. Sales include
natural gas and electricity taxes of
2,923 million
in 2004 and
2,555 million
in 2003. |
|
(4) |
Sales include electricity and natural gas taxes of
395 million
in 2004 and
324 million
in 2003. |
|
(5) |
Includes primarily the parent company and effects from
consolidation, as well as the results of the former
telecommunications division, as explained above. |
|
(6) |
Includes sales of Viterra and sales of Degussa until January
2003, prior to its deconsolidation. For more details, see
Other Activities Degussa,
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Overview and Note 4 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(7) |
Excludes intercompany sales. |
The following table sets forth the revenues of E.ON according to
the former division structure then in effect for each of 2003
and 2002:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in | |
|
|
|
( in | |
|
|
|
|
millions) | |
|
% | |
|
millions) | |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
E.ON Energie(1)(2)
|
|
|
22,642 |
|
|
|
48.7 |
|
|
|
19,142 |
|
|
|
52.3 |
|
Ruhrgas(3)
|
|
|
12,085 |
|
|
|
26.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Powergen(2)(4)
|
|
|
9,894 |
|
|
|
21.3 |
|
|
|
4,422 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
Other/consolidation(2)(5)
|
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
(0.6 |
) |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
44,348 |
|
|
|
95.5 |
|
|
|
23,645 |
|
|
|
64.6 |
|
Viterra(2)
|
|
|
1,085 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
1,214 |
|
|
|
3.3 |
|
Degussa(2)(6)
|
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
11,765 |
|
|
|
32.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Activities
|
|
|
2,079 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
12,979 |
|
|
|
35.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Revenues(7)
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Sales include electricity taxes of
1,371 million
in 2003 and
933 million
in 2002. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the sales of certain activities now accounted for as
discontinued operations. For more details, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Acquisitions and Dispositions
Discontinued Operations and Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the sales of the former Ruhrgas activities from the
date of consolidation on February 1, 2003. Sales for the
period include natural gas taxes of
2,525 million. |
25
|
|
(4) |
Includes the sales of the Powergen Group from the date of
consolidation on July 1, 2002. |
|
(5) |
Includes primarily the parent company and effects from
consolidation, as well as the results of the former
telecommunications division. |
|
(6) |
In 2003, includes sales of Degussa for the month of January
only, prior to its deconsolidation. For more details, see
Other Activities Degussa,
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Overview and Note 4 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(7) |
Excludes intercompany sales. |
Most of E.ONs operations are in Germany. German operations
produced 63.9 percent of E.ONs revenues (measured by
location of operation) in 2004 (2003: 64.3 percent; 2002:
62.3 percent). E.ON also has a significant presence outside
Germany representing 36.1 percent of revenues by location
of operation for 2004 (2003: 35.7 percent; 2002:
37.7 percent). In 2004, approximately 60.6 percent
(2003: 60.9 percent; 2002: 55.2 percent) of
E.ONs revenues were derived from customers in Germany and
39.4 percent (2003: 39.1 percent; 2002:
44.8 percent) from customers outside Germany. For more
details about the segmentation of E.ONs revenues by
location of operation and customers for the years 2004, 2003 and
2002, see Note 31 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements. At December 31, 2004, E.ON had 69,710
employees, approximately 52.9 percent of whom were employed
in Germany. For more information about employees, see
Item 6. Directors, Senior Management and
Employees Employees.
E.ON believes that as of December 31, 2004, it had close to
478,000 shareholders worldwide. E.ONs shares, all of which
are Ordinary Shares, are listed on all seven German stock
exchanges. They are also actively traded over the counter in
London. E.ONs American Depositary Shares
(ADSs), each of which represents one Ordinary Share,
are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
CENTRAL EUROPE
The Central Europe market unit is led by E.ON Energie. E.ON
Energie, which is wholly owned by E.ON, is one of the largest
European power companies in terms of electricity sales. E.ON
Energie had revenues of
20.8 billion
(which included
1.1 billion
of electricity taxes that were remitted to the tax authorities),
18.2 billion
of which in Germany, and adjusted EBIT of
3.6 billion
in 2004. In 2004, E.ON Energie, together with E.ON Ruhrgas and
E.ON Nordic, was responsible for all of E.ONs energy
activities in Germany and continental Europe and was one of the
four interregional electric utilities in Germany that are
interconnected in the western European power grid.
In connection with E.ONs acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas, E.ON
Energie was required to divest certain shareholdings. For more
information about the required divestments, see
History and Development of the Company Ruhrgas
Acquisition.
In addition, in connection with E.ONs on.top project, E.ON
Energie has transferred or will transfer a number of
shareholdings to E.ON Ruhrgas or to E.ON AG, and E.ON Ruhrgas
has transferred a number of shareholdings to E.ON Energie. These
transfers are described in more detail in History
and Development of the Company Group
Strategy On.top.
In order to further focus its energy business in Germany and in
continental Europe, E.ON Energie entered into the following
transactions in 2004 and the beginning of 2005:
|
|
|
|
|
In January 2004, E.ON Energie sold its 4.99 percent
shareholding in the Spanish utility Union Fenosa S.A.
(Union Fenosa) on the market. |
|
|
|
In June 2003, the general assembly of E.ON Bayern AG (E.ON
Bayern) passed a resolution authorizing E.ON Energie, its
controlling shareholder, to use a squeeze out procedure to
acquire that portion of E.ON Bayern stock held by minority
shareholders. Following registration of the acquired shares in
the commercial register on July 1, 2004, E.ON Energie now
holds 100.0 percent of E.ON Bayern. |
26
|
|
|
|
|
In October 2004, E.ON Energie qualified as preferred
bidder for the acquisition of a majority stake in the
Romanian electricity distribution company Electrica Moldova S.A.
(Electrica Moldova) from the Romanian government.
E.ON Energie currently expects to sign an agreement in the first
half of 2005, and to close the transaction in the second half of
2005. In 2003, the company sold approximately 4.1 TWh of
electricity to 1.3 million customers. |
|
|
|
In December 2004, E.ON Energie increased its stake in the German
regional electricity distribution company Avacon by
13.1 percent to 69.6 percent in a multistage process
involving acquisition of the intermediate holding companies
Ferngas Salzgitter GmbH (Ferngas Salzgitter) and FSG
Holding GmbH (FSG Holding). E.ON Energie increased
its stake in FSG Holding to 100 percent by acquiring a
10.0 percent interest from Bayerische Landesbank and the
remaining 90.0 percent from three Group companies (E.ON
Ruhrgas RGE Holding GmbH (45.0 percent),
Thüga-Konsortium Beteiligungs GmbH (35.0 percent) and
Thüga (10.0 percent)). In addition, E.ON Energie
purchased direct shareholdings in Ferngas Salzgitter from
Brigitta Erdgas und Erdöl GmbH (BEB)
(13.0 percent), Erdgas-Verkaufs-Gesellschaft Münster
(EGM) (13.0 percent) and RGE Holding GmbH
(39.0 percent). Following these acquisitions, FSG Holding
was merged into E.ON Energie and Ferngas Salzgitter into Avacon. |
|
|
|
During 2004, Thüga transferred minority shareholdings in
several German municipal utilities in Thuringia to E.ON Energie.
For more information, see Pan-European
Gas Downstream Shareholdings
Thüga. |
|
|
|
During 2004, E.ON Energie signed agreements to increase its
stake in DDGÁZ to 50.01 percent, pending approval by
the Hungarian authorities. |
|
|
|
In February 2005, E.ON Energie acquired 67.0 percent stakes
in each of the two Bulgarian electricity distribution companies
Elektrorazpredelenie Varna and Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna
Oryahovitza. The companies operate in northeastern Bulgaria. In
2004, the companies sold an aggregate of approximately
5 TWh of electricity to 1.1 million customers. |
E.ON Energies company structure reflects its operations in
western and eastern Europe and, in addition, reflects the
individual segments of its electricity business: generation,
transmission, distribution and sale and trading. The following
chart shows the major subsidiaries of the Central Europe market
unit as of December 31, 2004, their respective fields of
operation and the percentage of each held by E.ON Energie as of
that date.
CENTRAL EUROPE MARKET UNIT
Holding Company
E.ON Energie AG
|
|
|
Leading entity for the management and coordination of the group
activities. |
|
Centralized strategic, controlling and service functions. |
Conventional Power Plants
E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Power generation by conventional power plants. |
|
Waste incineration. |
|
Renewables. |
|
District heating. |
|
Industrial power plants. |
Nuclear Power Plants
E.ON Kernkraft GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Power generation by nuclear power plants. |
Hydroelectric Power Plants
E.ON Wasserkraft GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Power generation by hydroelectric power plants. |
E.ON Benelux B.V. (100%)
|
|
|
Power generation by conventional power plants. |
|
District heating. |
Transmission
E.ON Netz GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Operation of high voltage grids (380 kilovolt-110 kilovolt). |
|
System operation, including provision of regulating and
balancing power. |
27
Distribution, Sale and Trading of Electricity, Gas and
Heat
E.ON Sales & Trading GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Supply of electricity and energy services to large industrial
customers, as well as to regional and municipal distributors. |
|
Centralized wholesale functions. |
|
Optimization of energy procurement costs. |
|
Physical energy trading and trading of energy-based financial
instruments and related risk management. |
|
Optimization of the value of the power plants assets in
the market place. |
|
Emissions trading. |
Seven regional distributors across Germany
(shareholding percentages range from 62.9 to
100.0 percent).
|
|
|
Distribution and sale of electricity, gas, heat and water to
retail customers. |
|
Energy support services. |
|
Waste incineration. |
Ruhr Energie GmbH (100%)
|
|
|
Customer service and electricity and heat supply to utilities
and industrial customers in the Ruhr region. |
E.ON Hungária Energetikai Rt. (100%)
|
|
|
Generation, distribution, marketing and sale of electricity and
gas in Hungary through its group companies. |
E.ON Czech Holding AG (100%)
|
|
|
Distribution, marketing and sale of electricity and gas in the
Czech Republic through its group companies. |
Západoslovenská energetika a.s. (49.0%)
|
|
|
Distribution, marketing and sale of electricity in Slovakia. |
Consulting and Support Services
E.ON Engineering GmbH (57.0%) (1)
|
|
|
Group internal and external consulting and planning services in
the energy sector. |
|
Marketing of expertise in the area of conventional, renewable,
cogeneration and nuclear power generation and pipeline business. |
E.ON Facility Management GmbH (51.0%)
|
|
|
Infrastructure services. |
|
|
(1) |
The remaining 43.0 percent is held by E.ON Ruhrgas. |
For financial reporting purposes, the Central Europe market unit
comprises four business units: Central Europe West Power,
Central Europe West Gas, Central Europe East and Other/
Consolidation. The Central Europe West Power business unit
reflects the results of the conventional, nuclear and
hydroelectric generation businesses, transmission, the regional
distribution of power, and the electricity retail business in
Germany, as well as E.ON Energies trading business. In
addition, Central Europe West Power also includes the results of
E.ON Benelux B.V. (E.ON Benelux), which operates
power generation and district heating businesses in the
Netherlands. The Central Europe West Gas business unit reflects
the results of the regional distribution of gas and the gas
retail business in Germany. The Central Europe East business
unit primarily includes the results of the shareholdings in
regional distribution companies in the Czech Republic, Hungary,
Slovakia and, from 2005, Bulgaria and presumably Romania. Other/
Consolidation primarily includes the results of other
international shareholdings, service companies and the E.ON
Energie corporate center, as well as intrasegment consolidation
effects.
In the following presentation of the Central Europe market unit,
2003 financial and operating data has been adjusted for the new
market unit structure implemented by E.ON in 2004. The
adjustment reflects the transfer of several shareholdings from
E.ON Energie to other market units at the end of 2003 and the
beginning of 2004. In particular, the Nordic activities,
including Sydkraft, E.ON Finland and the Baltic Cable, are now
part of the Nordic market unit and Thüga and certain other
gas activities are now part of the Pan-European Gas market unit.
For more details, see History and Development of
the Company Group Strategy On.top.
28
Electricity generated at power stations is delivered to
customers through an integrated transmission and distribution
system. The principal segments of the electricity industry in
the countries in which E.ON Energie operates are:
|
|
|
Generation:
|
|
the production of electricity at power stations; |
Transmission:
|
|
the bulk transfer of electricity across an interregional power
grid, which consists mainly of overhead transmission lines,
substations and some underground cables (at this level there is
a market for bulk trading of electricity, through which sales
and purchases of electricity are made between generators,
regional distributors, and other suppliers of electricity); |
Distribution and Sale:
|
|
the transfer and sale of electricity from the interregional
power grid and its delivery, across local distribution systems,
to customers; and |
Trading:
|
|
the buying and selling of electricity and related products for
purposes of portfolio optimization, arbitrage and risk
management. |
E.ON Energie and its associated companies are actively involved
in all segments of the electricity industry. Its core business
consists of the ownership and operation of power generation
facilities and the transmission, distribution and sale of
electricity and, to a lesser extent, gas and heat, to
interregional, regional and municipal utilities, traders, and
industrial, commercial and residential customers.
The following table sets forth the sources of E.ON
Energies electric power in kWh in 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
|
|
million | |
|
million | |
|
% | |
Sources of Power |
|
kWh | |
|
kWh(1) | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Own production
|
|
|
131,278 |
|
|
|
137,107 |
|
|
|
-4.3 |
|
Purchased power
|
|
|
123,035 |
|
|
|
103,907 |
|
|
|
+18.4 |
|
|
from power stations in which E.ON Energie has an interest of
50 percent or less
|
|
|
11,223 |
|
|
|
10,564 |
|
|
|
+6.2 |
|
|
from other suppliers
|
|
|
111,812 |
|
|
|
93,343 |
|
|
|
+19.8 |
|
Total power procured(2)
|
|
|
254,313 |
|
|
|
241,014 |
|
|
|
+5.5 |
|
Power used for operating purposes, network
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
losses and pump storage
|
|
|
(10,239 |
) |
|
|
(9,234 |
) |
|
|
+10.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
244,074 |
|
|
|
231,780 |
|
|
|
+5.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Adjusted to reflect the new market unit structure. |
|
(2) |
Excluding physically-settled electricity trading activities at
EST. ESTs physically-settled electricity trading
activities amounted to 110,914 million kWh and
138,981 million kWh in 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
In 2004, E.ON Energie procured a total of 254.3 billion kWh
of electricity, including 10.2 billion kWh used for
operating purposes, network losses and pumped storage. E.ON
Energie purchased a total of 11.2 billion kWh of power from
power stations in which it has an interest of 50 percent or
less. In addition, E.ON Energie purchased 111.8 billion kWh
of electricity from other utilities, 23.9 billion kWh of
which were from Vattenfall Europe, the eastern German
interregional utility, for redistribution by eastern German
regional distributors. In addition, E.ON Energie purchased power
from local generators in Hungary and in the Czech Republic
totaling 28.1 billion kWh. The increase in purchased power
primarily reflects the first-time full year inclusion of results
from Jihomoravská energetika a.s. (JME) and
Jihoceská energetika a.s (JCE) following their
acquisition in the fall of 2003.
Following the abolition of separate geographic operating areas
for utilities under the Energy Law (as defined in
Regulatory Environment) in 1998, E.ON Energie began to
supply power nationwide and to broaden its activities in
neighboring countries. E.ON Energie has thus significantly
expanded beyond its traditional home markets, which include
parts or all of the German states of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower
Saxony, Hesse, North
29
Rhine-Westphalia, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg,
Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia and Bavaria. E.ON Energie supplied
about one-third of the electricity consumed by end users in
Germany in 2004. Electricity accounted for 78.8 percent of E.ON
Energies 2004 sales (2003: 77.1 percent), gas
revenues represented 14.4 percent (2003:
16.8 percent), district heating 2.0 percent (2003:
2.0 percent) and other activities 4.8 percent (2003:
4.1 percent).
The following table sets forth data on the sales of E.ON
Energies electric power in 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
Total | |
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
% | |
|
|
million | |
|
million | |
|
Change in | |
Sale of Power(1) to |
|
kWh | |
|
kWh(2) | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Non-consolidated interregional, regional and municipal utilities
|
|
|
130,862 |
|
|
|
129,814 |
|
|
|
+0.8 |
|
Industrial and commercial customers
|
|
|
72,077 |
|
|
|
62,554 |
|
|
|
+15.2 |
|
Residential and small commercial customers
|
|
|
41,135 |
|
|
|
39,412 |
|
|
|
+4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
244,074 |
|
|
|
231,780 |
|
|
|
+5.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excluding physically-settled electricity trading activities at
EST. ESTs physically-settled electricity trading
activities amounted to 110,914 million kWh and
138,981 million kWh in 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
|
(2) |
Adjusted to reflect the new market unit structure. |
The increase in the total sale of power primarily reflects the
inclusion of a full year of results from JME and JCE. For
further information, see Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects Results of
Operations. E.ON Energies total gas sales volume
amounted to 102.9 billion kWh in 2004, an 8.5 percent
decrease from 112.4 billion kWh in 2003, reflecting warmer
weather conditions in 2004, as well as an intra-Group transfer
of a gas contract following the on.top project.
Western Europe
General. In Germany, E.ON Energie owns interests in and
operates electric power generation facilities with a total
installed capacity of approximately 33,800 MW, its attributable
share of which is approximately 25,600 MW (not including
mothballed, shutdown or reduced power plants). The German power
generation business is subdivided into three units according to
fuels used: E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH owns and operates the power
stations using fossil fuel energy sources, as well as waste
incineration plants and renewable generation facilities, E.ON
Kernkraft GmbH (E.ON Kernkraft) owns and operates
the nuclear power stations and E.ON Wasserkraft GmbH owns and
operates the hydroelectric power plants.
In the Netherlands, E.ON Energie operates, through its
subsidiary E.ON Benelux, hard coal and natural gas power plants
for the supply of electricity and heat to bulk customers and
utilities. In 2004, it had a total installed generation capacity
of approximately 1,850 MW, and generated approximately
10.0 billion kWh of electricity.
Based on the consolidation principles under U.S. GAAP, E.ON
Energie reports 100 percent of revenues and expenses from
majority-owned power plants in its consolidated accounts without
any deduction for minority interests. Conversely,
50 percent and minority-owned power plants are accounted
for by the equity method. Power generation capacity in jointly
owned plants is generally reported based on E.ONs
ownership percentage.
30
The following table sets forth E.ON Energies major
electric power generation facilities (including cogeneration
plants) in Germany and the Netherlands, the total capacity and
the capacity attributable to the E.ON Energie for each facility
as of December 31, 2004, and their start-up dates.
E.ON ENERGIES ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS IN GERMANY AND
THE NETHERLANDS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capacity Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
to E.ON Energie | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
| |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
%(1) | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Nuclear
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brokdorf
|
|
|
1,370 |
|
|
|
80.0 |
|
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
|
1986 |
|
Brunsbüttel
|
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
33.3 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Emsland
|
|
|
1,329 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Grafenrheinfeld
|
|
|
1,275 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
1,275 |
|
|
|
1981 |
|
Grohnde
|
|
|
1,360 |
|
|
|
83.3 |
|
|
|
1,133 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
Gundremmingen B
|
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
25.0 |
|
|
|
321 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
Gundremmingen C
|
|
|
1,288 |
|
|
|
25.0 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
Isar 1
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
Isar 2
|
|
|
1,400 |
|
|
|
75.0 |
|
|
|
1,050 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Krümmel
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
630 |
|
|
|
1983 |
|
Unterweser
|
|
|
1,345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
1,345 |
|
|
|
1978 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
13,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lignite
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buschhaus
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
1985 |
|
Kassel
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Lippendorf S
|
|
|
891 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Schkopau
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
55.6 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,174 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hard Coal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bexbach 1
|
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
11.1 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
1983 |
|
Buer (CHP)
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
1985 |
|
Datteln 1
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
1964 |
|
Datteln 2
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
1964 |
|
Datteln 3
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Farge
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
GKW Weser/ Veltheim 2
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
74.0 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
GKW Weser/ Veltheim 3
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
74.0 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Heyden
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
865 |
|
|
|
1987 |
|
Kiel
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Knepper C
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Maasvlakte 1 (NL)(2)
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Maasvlakte 2 (NL)(2)
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
520 |
|
|
|
1987 |
|
Mehrum C
|
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1979 |
|
Rostock
|
|
|
508 |
|
|
|
50.4 |
|
|
|
256 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
Scholven B
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Scholven C
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capacity Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
to E.ON Energie | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
| |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
%(1) | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Hard Coal (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Scholven D
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Scholven E
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Scholven F
|
|
|
676 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
676 |
|
|
|
1979 |
|
Shamrock
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
Staudinger 1
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Staudinger 3
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
293 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Staudinger 5
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
510 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
Wilhelmshaven
|
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Zolling
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
1986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
10,050 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8,550 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Burghausen
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Emden GT
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Erfurt
|
|
|
75 |
|
|
|
32.9 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
Franken I/1
|
|
|
383 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
383 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Franken I/2
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Galileistraat (NL)
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Gendorf
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
2002 |
|
GKW Weser/ Veltheim 4 GT
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
74.0 |
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Grenzach-Wyhlen
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
69.9 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
GT Ummeln
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
74.0 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Huntorf
|
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
Irsching 3
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Jena-Süd
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
73.0 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
Kirchlengern
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
62.9 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
1980 |
|
Kirchmöser
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
Leiden (NL)
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
1986 |
|
Maasvlakte UCML (NL)
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Obernburg
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
Robert Frank 4
|
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
487 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
RoCa 3 (NL)(2)
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
Staudinger 4
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
622 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
The Hague (NL)
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Other (<40 MW installed capacity)
|
|
|
313 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,052 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fuel Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Audorf
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Hausham GT 1
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Hausham GT 2
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Hausham GT 3
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
32
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capacity Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
to E.ON Energie | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
| |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
%(1) | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fuel Oil (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hausham GT 4
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Ingolstadt 3
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Ingolstadt 4
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
386 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Itzehoe
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Wilhelmshaven
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Zolling GT 1
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Zolling GT 2
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydroelectric
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aufkirchen
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
1924 |
|
Bittenbrunn
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Bergheim
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Braunau-Simbach
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
1953 |
|
Egglfing
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
1944 |
|
Eitting
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
1925 |
|
Ering
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
1942 |
|
Erzhausen
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
1964 |
|
Feldkirchen
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Gars
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1938 |
|
Geisling
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1985 |
|
Happurg
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
1958 |
|
Hemfurth
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1915 |
|
Jochenstein
|
|
|
132 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
1955 |
|
Kachlet
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
1927 |
|
Langenprozelten
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Neuötting
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
1951 |
|
Nußdorf
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
76.5 |
|
|
|
37 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Oberaudorf-Ebbs
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
Passau-Ingling
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Pfrombach
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
1929 |
|
Reisach
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
1955 |
|
Rosenheim
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
1960 |
|
Roßhaupten
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
1954 |
|
Schärding-Neuhaus
|
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
Stammham
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
1955 |
|
Straubing
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
Tanzmühle
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
Teufelsbruck
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1938 |
|
Töging
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
1924 |
|
Vohburg
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
Walchensee
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
1924 |
|
33
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capacity Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
to E.ON Energie | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
| |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
%(1) | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Hydroelectric (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Waldeck 1
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
1931 |
|
Waldeck 2
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Wasserburg
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
1938 |
|
Other run-of-river, pump storage and storage
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,408 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
281 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
35,677 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,441 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mothballed/ Shutdown/ Reduced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arzberg 5
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
1966 |
|
Arzberg 6
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Arzberg 7
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
1979 |
|
Aschaffenburg 21
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
1963 |
|
Aschaffenburg 31
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Emden 4
|
|
|
433 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
433 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Franken II/1
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
1966 |
|
Franken II/2
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
206 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
Irsching 1
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Irsching 2
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Offleben
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
1988 |
|
Pleinting 1
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Pleinting 2
|
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
402 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Rauxel 2
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
Scholven G(3)
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Scholven H(3)
|
|
|
672 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Schwandorf B(4)
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
Schwandorf C(4)
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
Schwandorf D
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
292 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Stade
|
|
|
640 |
|
|
|
66.7 |
|
|
|
417 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Staudinger 2
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Westerholt 1(5)
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
Westerholt 2(5)
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
6,215 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Percentage of total capacity attributable to E.ON Energie. |
|
(2) |
Power station operated by E.ON Benelux under long-term
cross-border leasing arrangement. |
|
(3) |
Not included in October 2000 shutdown program discussed below. |
|
(4) |
Closed down before the shutdown program discussed below; already
dismantled. |
|
(5) |
Dismantling in process and finished, respectively. |
|
|
(CHP) |
Combined Heat and Power Generation. |
|
|
(NL) |
Located in the Netherlands. |
34
For more information about E.ON Energies power generation
facilities in eastern Europe, see Eastern
Europe.
Germany. In response to intense competition in Germany
over wholesale prices, E.ON Energie has been forced to assess
all of its production facilities very carefully with respect to
actual and, in the medium term, expected profitability. In
October 2000, as a result of this analysis, E.ON Energie decided
to shut down or permanently suspend operations at certain power
plants with a total installed capacity of approximately 4,900 MW
by the end of 2003. This decision primarily affected older and
smaller units. The shutdowns of the nuclear power plant Stade
and the lignite power plant Arzberg 5 in November and December
2003, respectively, completed the shutdown program.
E.ON Energies German plants generate electricity primarily
with nuclear power, bituminous coal (commonly referred to as
hard coal), lignite, gas, fuel oil and water. The
existing nuclear and hydroelectric power plants are E.ON
Energies source of power with the lowest variable costs
and, together with lignite-based power plants, are used mainly
to cover the base load. Hard coal is utilized mainly for middle
load, while the other energy sources are used primarily for peak
load.
Nuclear Power. E.ON Energie operates its German nuclear
power plants through E.ON Kernkraft. These nuclear power plants
are required to meet applicable German safety standards, which
are among the most stringent standards in the world (see
Environmental Matters Germany:
Electricity). For the reprocessing of their nuclear waste,
E.ON Energies nuclear power plants have contracts with
Cogema SA (Cogema) in France and British Nuclear
Fuels plc (BNFL) in the United Kingdom. German law
allows the delivery of spent nuclear fuel rods for reprocessing
until June 30, 2005. E.ON Energie is currently in the
process of constructing interim storage facilities at each power
plant to replace the transport of spent fuel elements for
reprocessing, as described below. Under German law, the Federal
Republic of Germany is responsible for the final storage of all
domestic nuclear waste at the expense of the generator.
Operators of nuclear power plants are required under German law
to establish sufficient financial provisions for future
obligations that arise from the use of nuclear power. The three
required provisions are for: (1) management of spent
nuclear fuel rods, (2) disposal of contaminated operating
waste and (3) the eventual decommissioning of nuclear
plants. At year-end 2004, E.ON Energie had a total of
approximately
13.1 billion
provided for these purposes in respect of nuclear power plants
included in the consolidated accounts, consisting of
4.5 billion
for management of spent nuclear fuel rods,
0.4 billion
for disposal of operational waste and
8.2 billion
for decommissioning costs. These provisions are stated net of
advance payments of
0.9 billion.
In determining its pro rata share of these provisions,
provisions attributed to minority interests included in E.ON
Energies consolidated accounts have been deducted and
provisions for nuclear plants in which E.ON Energie has a
minority interest are added. At year-end 2004, on such a pro
rata basis, E.ON Energies provisions for these purposes
totaled
13.6 billion,
as compared to
13.9 billion
at year-end 2003.
In June 2004, German legislators passed an amendment to
Germanys Ordinance on Advance Payments for the
Establishment of Federal Facilities for Safe Custody and Final
Storage for Radioactive Wastes
(Endlager-Vorausleistungsverordnung). Under the amended
ordinance, construction costs for the final nuclear waste
storage facilities, located in Gorleben and Konrad, Germany, are
now shared by the nuclear plant operators and other users, such
as research institutes, in line with their expected actual usage
of the storage facilities. Overall, this lowers E.ONs
share of the costs and has led to a reduction of the
Companys provisions for nuclear waste management.
Partially offsetting this reduction, the post-operation phase at
nuclear power stations that use MOX fuel elements, which are
fuel elements containing plutonium produced in the reprocessing
process, has been extended as a result of a change in the
delivery schedule for MOX fuel elements.
E.ON Kernkraft purchases uranium and fuel elements for its
nuclear power plants from independent domestic and international
suppliers, primarily under long-term contracts. E.ON Energie
considers the supply of uranium and fuel elements on the world
market to be generally adequate.
In May 1995, PreussenElektra decided to shut down its nuclear
power plant at Würgassen for economic reasons and, in
October 1995, it applied for and received permission from the
German authorities to decommission and dismantle the
Würgassen plant in accordance with German nuclear energy
legislation. E.ON
35
Energie expects the decommissioning of Würgassen, which
began in October 1995, to last until approximately 2015. In
2000, as a result of the review of all of its power plants
described above, E.ON Energie also decided to shut down the
nuclear power plant Stade. In July 2001, E.ON Kernkraft filed an
application with the Lower Saxonian Ministry of Environment to
decommission and dismantle Stade. E.ON Energie expects to
receive the approval for decommissioning/dismantling by the end
of 2005. Stade was shut down in November 2003, and E.ON Energie
expects its decommissioning to last approximately 10 to
12 years. E.ON Energie has provided
1.9 billion
for the decommissioning of Würgassen and Stade, including
the management of spent nuclear fuel rods and the dismantling of
the plants.
After the German Social Democratic Party and the German Green
Party (Bündnis 90/ Die Grünen) (together, the
Coalition) were elected to lead the German federal
government in 1998, the Coalition agreed to phase out the
generation of nuclear energy in Germany. The Coalition also
agreed to hold consensus-forming discussions with
operators of nuclear power plants in order to find a solution to
various issues in the area of nuclear energy agreeable to all
parties. The discussions began in January 1999 and resulted in
an agreement on nuclear power in June 2001 and in an amendment
of the German Nuclear Power Regulations Act (Atomgesetz,
or AtG), which was passed by the German
parliament in December 2001 and took effect in April 2002.
Among other things, the amendment provides as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
Nuclear Phase-out: The operators of the nuclear plants
have agreed to a specified number of operating kWh for each
nuclear plant. This number has been calculated on the basis of
32 years of plant operation using a high load factor. The
operators may trade allotted kWh among themselves. This means
that if one nuclear plant closes before it has produced the
allotted amount of kWh, the remaining kWh may be transferred to
another nuclear power plant. |
|
|
|
Termination of Fuel Reprocessing: The transport of spent
fuel elements for reprocessing will be allowed until
June 30, 2005 at the latest. Following this deadline, the
operators must store spent fuel in interim facilities on the
premises of the nuclear plants. Such storage requires the
approval and construction of interim storage facilities. The
construction of E.ONs interim storage facilities is
progressing and the Company expects to finish construction by
the end of 2006. For the period from July 2005 until
construction is finished, the Company plans to store the spent
fuel elements at the plants in so-called in-plant fuel pools.
The Company expects the capacity of these fuel pools will be
sufficient to store the spent fuel elements until the storage
facilities are completed. E.ON believes the transition period
from reprocessing to on-site storage allows it to satisfy its
obligations under its reprocessing contracts with Cogema and
BNFL. |
As part of the agreement, the German federal government has
agreed not to institute any future changes in German tax law
which discriminate against nuclear power operations or other
measures creating economic disadvantages in comparison with
other forms of power generation.
The Company considers its provisions with respect to nuclear
power operations to be adequate with respect to the costs of
implementing the agreement. E.ON Energie has no plans to
construct any new nuclear power plants in Germany.
In March 1999, the German parliament passed the Tax Relief Act
1999/2000/2002 (Steuerentlastungsgesetz 1999/2000/2002,
the Tax Relief Act). The Tax Relief Act contains new
rules for the tax treatment of nuclear provisions. Furthermore,
the German tax authorities have adopted a more stringent
interpretation of the previous law with respect to the years
before 1999. The changes to the tax status of the provisions
include the following:
|
|
|
|
|
The accrual period for decommissioning costs has been extended
from 19 to 25 years. This requires E.ON Energie to release
a portion of the provisions it had previously established for
tax purposes based on the shorter accrual period. |
|
|
|
Certain parts of the provisions concerning MOX fuel elements
have to be reversed. The costs must be capitalized as incurred
instead. |
36
|
|
|
|
|
Those portions of the provisions that have been established in
past years relating to the financing and operational costs for
final storage of nuclear waste have been disallowed. The costs
of these items will now be tax-deductible when they are actually
expensed. |
|
|
|
In accordance with the new general rule for long-term
provisions, all types of provisions for nuclear power must now
be discounted. The Tax Relief Act sets the discount rate at
5.5 percent. This also applies to provisions that have
previously been established, which must be released to the
extent they do not reflect this discounting. |
The Tax Relief Act provides that the tax payments resulting from
the reversal of provisions necessitated by the extension of the
accrual period, the disallowance of portions of the provisions
related to costs of final storage of waste and the discounting
of the provisions are spread over a period of ten years
beginning in 1999.
In 2002, the Company concluded its general discussions with the
tax authorities regarding the treatment of the years prior to
1999, and the tax calculations for these years have been agreed
in principle. Part of the resulting tax has already been paid
and the Company has established a provision to cover the
remaining amounts. The years from 1999 onwards are still under
review.
None of the changes to the tax treatment of nuclear provisions
described above cause any changes to the financial statements
the Company prepares for other purposes. Due to the recognition
of a related deferred tax asset generated by temporary
differences between the balance sheet prepared for financial
reporting purposes and the balance sheet for tax purposes, the
changes in the tax status of the provisions for nuclear waste
disposal had no material adverse effect on the Companys
consolidated net income in 1999. However, the Tax Reduction Act
(Steuersenkungsgesetz), which was enacted in October
2000, included a lowering of the corporate income tax from
40 percent to 25 percent, which has resulted in a
reduction of the deferred tax asset relating to the provisions.
Hard Coal. In 2004, approximately 40 percent of the
hard coal used by E.ON Energies German operations was
mined in Germany. Traditionally, hard coal is mined in Germany
under much more difficult conditions than in other countries.
Therefore, German coal production costs are substantially above
world market levels, and E.ON Energie strongly believes they
will continue to remain high. Although electricity producers
were in the past required to purchase German coal, they are now
free to purchase coal from any source. To encourage the purchase
of German coal, the German federal government has been paying
direct subsidies to German producers enabling them to offer
domestic coal at world market prices, although it is now in the
process of reducing such subsidies. Due to high production costs
and the reduction in subsidies, the volume of German coal
production has shown a relatively steady decline in the past and
is expected to continue to decline further. However, E.ON
Energie expects that adequate supplies of imported coal for its
operations will be available on the world coal market at
acceptable prices. Hard coal is generally available from
multiple sources, though prices are determined on international
commodities markets and are therefore subject to fluctuations.
E.ON Benelux also uses imported hard coal in its power plants.
Lignite. German lignite, also known as brown coal, has
approximately one-third of the heating value of hard coal. E.ON
Energie participates in lignite-based energy generation in
western Germany through BKB Aktiengesellschaft
(BKB) and in eastern Germany through Kraftwerk
Schkopau GbR and a portion of one unit of Kraftwerk Lippendorf.
Lignite is a readily available domestic fuel source that E.ON
Energie obtains from its own reserves or under long-term
contracts with German producers. The price of lignite is not
generally volatile and is generally determined by reference to
published indices in Germany. However, the price can fluctuate
based on the underlying price of hard coal in global commodities
markets.
Gas and Oil. In Germany, the price of natural gas is
linked to the price of oil and other competing fuels. This
mechanism has been enforced in order to reduce the influence of,
and dependence on, gas-producing countries. Only about
18 percent of gas demand in Germany is satisfied by German
deposits, while about 82 percent is satisfied through
imports from foreign producers, primarily from Russia, Norway
and the Netherlands. For its gas-fired power plants, E.ON
Energie purchases gas from E.ON Ruhrgas and other international
suppliers, mainly under short-term contracts. Fuel oil power
plants are only used for peak load operations. E.ON Energie
purchases its fuel oil from traders or directly from a number of
oil companies. As with
37
natural gas, the price of fuel oil depends on the price of crude
oil. E.ON Benelux purchases predominantly Dutch gas under
one-year contracts for its gas-fired power plants.
Water. This domestic source of energy is primarily
available in southern Germany due to the presence of mountains
and rivers. The variable costs of production are extremely low
in the case of run-of-river plants and consequently, these
plants are used to cover base load requirements. Storage and
pump storage facilities are used to meet peak demand and for
back-up power purposes.
Demand for power tends to be seasonal, rising in the winter
months and typically resulting in additional electricity sales
by E.ON Energie in the first and fourth quarters. E.ON Energie
believes it has adequate sources of power to meet foreseeable
increases in demand, whether seasonal or otherwise. In order to
benefit from economies of scale associated with large stations,
E.ON Energie has built large capacity power station units in
conjunction with other utilities where it does not require all
of the electricity produced by such plants. In these cases, the
purchase price of electricity is determined by the production
cost plus a negotiated fee.
Although E.ONs power plants are maintained on a regular
basis, there is a certain risk of failure for power plants of
every fuel type (for example, the breakdown of a generator in
the non-nuclear part of the Unterweser power plant in 2002
resulted in the plant being out of service for six months ending
in February 2003 and a broken spray duct lid in the nuclear
power plant Brunsbüttel resulted in the plant being out of
service in February and March 2003). In addition, the summer
heat wave in Europe in 2003 reduced the availability of electric
generating facilities dependent on using river water for cooling
purposes. Depending on the associated generation capacity, the
length of the outage and the cost of the required repair
measures, the economic damage due to such failure can vary
significantly. In order to meet contractual commitments,
electricity which cannot be generated at these plants has to be
bought from other generators or has to be generated from more
expensive plants. Thus, power plant outages can negatively
affect the market units financial and operating results.
The German power transmission grid of E.ON Energie, which
operates with voltages of 380, 220 and 110 kilovolts, has a
system length of over 42,000 km and a coverage area of nearly
200,000
km2.
It is located in the German states of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower
Saxony, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, North
Rhine-Westphalia, Saxony-Anhalt, Hesse, Thuringia and Bavaria,
and reaches from the Scandinavian border to the Alps. The grid
is interconnected with the western European power grid with
links to the Netherlands, Austria, Denmark and Eastern Europe.
The system is mainly operated by E.ON Netz GmbH (E.ON
Netz). The network of E.ON Netz allows long-distance power
transport at low transmission losses and covers more than
40 percent of the surface area of Germany. This system is
operated from two main system control centers, one in Lehrte
near Hanover and one in Karlsfeld near Munich, and from several
regional control and service units at decentralized locations
within the E.ON Netz grid area.
Access to E.ON Energies power transmission grid is open to
all potential users. The Company believes its usage fees and
conditions comply with existing German regulations governing
grid access. For further information, see
Regulatory Environment Germany:
Electricity.
The Baltic cable links the transmission grid of E.ON Energie to
Scandinavia. For details, see Nordic
Electricity Distribution.
38
Electricity. The German utilities historically
established defined supply areas which were coextensive with
their distribution grids. See
Operations. The following map shows E.ON Energies
current supply area in Germany through its majority
shareholdings in regional electricity distribution companies:
E.ON Energie supplied about one-third of the electricity
consumed by end users in Germany in 2004. Its customers are
interregional, regional and municipal utilities, traders,
industrial and commercial customers and, only through regional
distributors, residential and small commercial customers
predominantly in those parts of Germany highlighted on the above
map. In compliance with the EU Commissions conditions upon
approving the VEBA-VIAG merger, E.ON Energies
majority-owned regional distributors E.DIS and TEAG in eastern
Germany purchase power from E.ON Energies competitor
Vattenfall Europe. E.ON Energies majority-owned
distributor Avacon likewise purchases its power primarily from
Vattenfall Europe for those of its customers situated in the
eastern German state of Saxony-Anhalt. In 2004, E.ON Energie
sold 166.7 billion kWh of electricity in western Germany
and 32.5 billion kWh in eastern Germany compared with
165.3 billion kWh and 29.0 billion kWh in 2003,
respectively.
The following table sets forth the sale of E.ON Energies
electric power (excluding that used in physically settling its
trading activities) in Germany in 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany | |
|
Germany | |
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
% | |
|
|
million | |
|
million | |
|
Change | |
Sale of Power to |
|
kWh | |
|
kWh(1) | |
|
in Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Non-consolidated interregional, regional and municipal utilities
|
|
|
112,575 |
|
|
|
111,243 |
|
|
|
+1.2 |
|
Industrial and commercial customers(2)
|
|
|
56,274 |
|
|
|
51,925 |
|
|
|
+8.4 |
|
Residential and small commercial customers
|
|
|
30,352 |
|
|
|
31,086 |
|
|
|
-2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
199,201 |
|
|
|
194,254 |
|
|
|
+2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Adjusted to reflect the new market unit structure. |
|
(2) |
The increase in the sale of power to industrial and commercial
customers is primarily attributable to the gain of new customers. |
39
In order to offer optimized services to major customers and to
equalize supply and demand at all times with respect to the
costs of procurement, E.ON Energie has integrated its trading
and wholesale operations into EST. EST focuses on the national
and international wholesale business for regional utilities,
large municipal utilities and major industrial customers, and is
also responsible for E.ON Energies trading operations. The
regional distribution companies manage the main part of E.ON
Energies retail business, which is the supply of power to
municipal utilities, industrial and commercial customers, as
well as residential and small commercial customers. The
following chart sets forth the principal supply structure of
E.ON Energies electricity sales.
The supply contracts under which E.ON Energies regional
distributors (all are majority-owned) regularly order their
required load for upcoming years have historically had
relatively long terms. Typical supply contracts now last for one
to three years. Potential alternative sources of electricity
include the purchase of electricity from other utilities and
auto-generation by municipalities, regional distributors or
industrial customers. The regional distributors contracts
with municipal utilities contain varying terms and conditions.
Long-term concession contracts permit municipal utilities and
regional distributors to supply electricity to residential
customers within a municipality.
Gas. Most of the distribution subsidiaries of E.ON
Energie supply natural gas to households, small businesses and
industrial customers in many parts of Germany. E.ON
Energies gas sales volume in Germany in 2004 amounted to
102.9 billion kWh compared with 108.0 billion kWh in
2003.
Heat. E.ON Energie is one of the leading suppliers of
district heating in Germany. It operates its own district
heating networks for six cities in the Ruhr area and supplies
four additional networks owned by other companies. E.ON
Energies regional distributors are also involved in
district heat and steam delivery. E.ON Energies total
district heat deliveries in Western Europe increased
8.3 percent in 2004 to 13.4 billion kWh, of which
10.2 billion kWh were supplied in Germany. The remaining
amount is mainly supplied through E.ON Benelux.
Water. Following the sale of its interest in Gelsenwasser
in 2003, E.ONs remaining water business is conducted
through certain of its distribution companies, particularly E.ON
Hanse AG (E.ON Hanse), Avacon and E.ON Westfalen
Weser, in which E.ON Energie has shareholdings of
73.8 percent, 69.6 percent and 62.9 percent,
respectively. For more details on discontinued operations, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Acquisitions and Dispositions
Discontinued Operations and Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
40
Customers. Through its subsidiaries and companies in
which it has shareholdings, E.ON Energie serves approximately
9.3 million electricity customers in Germany. E.ON
Energies German operations also supply approximately
1.7 million customers with gas and more than
0.3 million customers with water.
E.ON Energie has integrated its trading and wholesale operations
into EST. An international team of traders buys and sells
electricity on the spot and forward markets. E.ON Energies
trading operations offer customized and standard products that
are traded on a bilateral basis, as well as trading in standard
exchange-traded instruments. ESTs trading focuses on
Germany, but also includes the rest of continental Europe,
including the European Energy Exchange in Leipzig, the Amsterdam
Power Exchange in the Netherlands, Powernext in France and
Energy Exchange Austria in Austria. Furthermore, EST supplies
cross border trading and risk management processes for optimal
international power procurement to E.ON Energies
operations in Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
E.ON Energie believes that its trading activities provide
valuable market insight and have strengthened its competitive
position in the European electricity market. E.ON Energies
trading activities are focused on asset-backed trading in order
to optimize the value of its generation portfolio, though E.ON
Energie also engages in a limited amount of proprietary trading
within its established risk limits.
E.ON Energies trading business has incorporated a complete
and systematic risk management system in compliance with legal
and regulatory requirements of the German Federal Supervisory
Office for Banking, including the minimum requirements for
trading activities of credit institutions. An important aspect
of the system is that the trading activities are monitored by a
board independent from the trading operations. For more detailed
information on E.ON Energies management of the risks
related to its trading activities, see Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market
Risk Commodity Price Risk Management.
The volume of ESTs energy trading activities decreased in
2004, reflecting the uncertainties about the development of
European wholesale prices. EST traded smaller volumes in 2004,
in order to avoid higher risk due to high price volatility. See
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Results of Operations Year
Ended December 31, 2004 Compared with Year Ended
December 31, 2003 Central Europe. The
following table sets forth the total volume of ESTs traded
electric power in 2004 and 2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
% | |
|
|
million | |
|
million | |
|
Change | |
Trading of Power |
|
kWh | |
|
kWh | |
|
in Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Power sold(1)
|
|
|
162,671 |
|
|
|
208,939 |
|
|
|
-22.1 |
|
Power purchased(1)
|
|
|
146,755 |
|
|
|
202,680 |
|
|
|
-27.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
309,426 |
|
|
|
411,619 |
|
|
|
-24.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Any negative balance of power purchased as compared to power
sold is satisfied by the delivery of electricity generated by
E.ON Energie. |
Consulting and Support Services. E.ON Engineering GmbH
offers internal and external consulting, planning and
construction services in the energy sector in fields such as
chemical analytics and electrical, mechanical and civil
engineering, with a focus on conventional and renewable power
generation, cogeneration, use of biomass, pipeline construction,
development of energy strategies and CO2-emissions
reduction. Building on their shareholdings in municipal and
regional utilities, E.ON Energie and the regional distributors
also establish partnerships and cooperative relationships with
local authorities. E.ON Energie and the regional distributors
operate their own electricity and gas supply systems, and
provide the local authorities with consulting, technical and
managerial support to promote the efficient use of electricity
and gas. E.ON Facility Management GmbH provides technical,
commercial and infrastructural facility management services,
mainly for E.ON Energie group companies.
41
Waste Incineration. E.ON Energie also has a waste
incineration business, led by BKB. In 2004, incinerated waste
volumes handled by BKB totaled approximately 1.4 million
tons.
Other Minority Shareholdings. In the Alpine region, E.ON
Energie owns a 20.0 percent equity interest in BKW FMB
Energie AG (BKW), a Swiss utility that owns
important hydropower assets, as well as a single nuclear power
station and interests in other nuclear power stations.
Eastern Europe
E.ON Energie participates in a number of eastern European energy
markets with several shareholdings and cooperation agreements.
E.ON Energie has significant shareholdings in Hungary, the Czech
Republic and Slovakia, has recently acquired shareholdings in
Bulgaria and expects to acquire a shareholding in Romania. In
those countries in which E.ON Energie has already built up a
portfolio of activities, national holding companies such as E.ON
Hungária Energetikai Rt. (E.ON Hungária)
and E.ON Czech Holding AG coordinate E.ON Energies
activities. In 2003 and 2004, as part of the on.top project,
E.ON Energie transferred certain eastern European shareholdings
to E.ON Ruhrgas and to E.ON AG, and E.ON Ruhrgas transferred
certain eastern European shareholdings to E.ON Energie. For more
information, see History and Development of the
Company Group Strategy On.top.
In Hungary, E.ON Energie holds all of the shares (except for a
golden share held by the Hungarian government) of
the regional electricity distributors E.ON
Dél-dunántúli Áramszolgáltató Rt.,
E.ON Észak-dunántúli
Áramszolgáltató Rt. (ÉDÁSZ)
and E.ON Tiszántúli Áramszolgáltató Rt.
Management believes that E.ON Energie has a market share of
approximately 45 percent in the Hungarian electricity
distribution market. In January 2003, E.ON Hungária founded
E.ON Energiakereskedö Kft., an electricity and gas sales
company, to serve the liberalized Hungarian electricity market.
E.ON Energie also holds a 100.0 percent stake in the
natural gas power generation company Debreceni Kombinált
Ciklusú Erömü Kft. (95 MW). In the gas
sector, E.ON Energie holds a 16.3 percent stake in the gas
company FÖGÁZ, a 31.2 percent stake in the gas
distribution and supply company Közepdunántuli
Gázszolgáltató Rt. (KÖGÁZ)
and a 49.99 percent stake in the gas distributor
DDGÁZ. During 2004, E.ON Energie signed agreements to
increase its stake in DDGÁZ to 50.01 percent, pending
approval by the Hungarian authorities. In addition, E.ON Energie
intends to increase its stake in KÖGÁZ to 64.46
percent in 2005.
In the Czech Republic, E.ON Energie controls significant
participations in the energy sector. In 2004, E.ON Energie
increased its stakes in the electricity distributors JME and JCE
from 85.7 percent and 84.7 percent, respectively, to
99.0 percent and 98.7 percent, respectively. On a
combined basis, JME and JCE provided 1.4 million customers
with approximately 12 TWh of electricity in 2004. Pursuant
to an option agreement concluded between E.ON Energie and the
Czech state-owned company CEZ, a.s. (CEZ) in 2003,
E.ON Energie sold its minority stakes in the Czech regional
electricity distribution companies Severomoravska energetika
a.s. (30.3 percent) and Severoceská energetika a.s.
(5.9 percent) in October 2004. In the gas sector, E.ON
Energie owns minority shareholdings in the distributors JMP,
Jihoceska plynárenska a.s. (JCP), PP, STP, SMP,
ZCP and VCP. In 2002, E.ON Energie entered the Slovakian energy
market by acquiring a 49.0 percent interest in the
Slovakian electricity supplier Západoslovenská
energetika a.s. (ZSE), which provided
1.0 million customers with approximately 7 TWh of
electricity in 2004.
In February 2005, E.ON Energie acquired 67.0 percent stakes
in each of the two northeastern Bulgarian electricity
distribution companies Elektrorazpredelenie Varna and
Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna Oryahovitza. The companies had
combined sales of approximately 5 billion kWh and served
approximately 1.1 million customers in 2004.
In the Baltic region, following the re-organization of the
Lithuanian energy industry, E.ON Energie now owns a
20.3 percent interest in Rytu Skirstomieji Tinklai
(RST), the eastern Lithuanian electricity
distribution company. E.ON Energie also owned a
14.6 percent interest in Vakaru Skirstomieji Tinklai
(VST), the western Lithuanian electricity
distribution company, but sold this stake to VSTs new
majority shareholder in April 2004 following the completion of
the privatization of VST. E.ON Energie also has an agreement
with the Lithuanian government to sell its interest in RST to
the new majority shareholder should RST be completely privatized.
42
In addition, as of December 31, 2004 E.ON Energie held a
number of shareholdings in small generation assets, primarily in
Hungary and the Czech Republic. E.ON Energie does not have
interests in companies operating nuclear power plants other than
those in Germany and Switzerland.
Since 1998, liberalization of the electricity markets in the EU
has greatly altered competition in the German electricity
market, which was formerly characterized by numerous strong
competitors. Following liberalization, significant consolidation
has taken place in the German market, resulting in three mergers
of major interregional utilities in recent years: VEBA and VIAG
forming E.ON, RWE and Vereinigte Elektrizitätswerke AG
forming RWE (both in 2000) and Hamburgische
Electricitäts-Werke AG/ Bewag Berliner Kraft und Licht
Aktiengesellschaft/ VEAG/ Lausitzer Braunkohle
Aktiengesellschaft forming Vattenfall Europe in 2002. In 2004,
E.ON, RWE, Vattenfall Europe and the other remaining major
interregional utility, EnBW, supplied approximately two thirds
of the total electricity production in Germany.
The interregional utilities own the high-voltage transmission
lines in their traditional supply areas and are active in all
phases of the electricity business. In addition to the
interregional utilities, there are about 900 electric utilities
in Germany at the state, regional and municipal level, many of
which are partly or wholly owned by state or municipal
governments. These utilities may be involved in various
combinations of the generation, transmission, distribution and
supply and trading functions. The liberalization of the
electricity market in Germany has also led to new market
structures with new market participants. The market for
electricity has become more liquid and more competitive, and
currently has the highest number of participants in continental
Europe. Approximately 200 new market participants have entered
the German market since 1998, with more than half of them
engaged in electricity trading. The volume of electricity
trading remained stable in 2004 (397 TWh at the European
Energy Exchanges Spot and Futures Market compared with 391
TWh in 2003), following a large increase in 2003. The European
Energy Exchange has also become a benchmark for electricity
prices in central Europe.
Liberalization of the electricity market in Germany caused
electricity prices to decrease in 1998, with significant
declines in some market segments. These declines were largely
due to aggressive price setting by new competitors and
suppliers, as well as other factors such as significant power
plant overcapacity in Germany and Europe and relatively high and
increasing price transparency. The rate of price declines began
to slow in the second half of 2000, and prices have increased
since 2001 but have developed differently in each of the
customer segments. In 2004, electricity prices in Germany have
continued to recover. According to the German Electricity
Association, VDEW, in 2004 prices paid by household customers
were about 5 percent higher than in the liberalization year
1998, while prices (including electricity tax) paid by
industrial customers were still about 5 percent lower than
in 1998. Prices increased in 2004 due to rising fuel costs and
higher trading prices, while a significant factor in the overall
price recovery are new or increased costs faced by electricity
companies since the beginning of liberalization. Among these new
or increased costs are the electricity tax (introduced in 1998
and subject to annual increases through 2003), duties and
additional costs attributable to compliance with new
legislation, including the Renewable Energy Law and
Co-Generation Protection Law, as well as higher costs incurred
in procuring balancing power to cover fluctuations in the
availability of electricity from renewable resources such as
wind. As most distributors have tried to pass these increases
through to their customers, electricity prices have risen more
rapidly than the associated margins for generators in recent
years. Taxes and duties accounted for approximately
40 percent of German electricity prices for household
customers in 2004, compared with about 25 percent before
deregulation in 1998. Similarly, electricity taxes and duties
increased from 2 percent of German electricity prices for
industrial customers in 1998 to 21 percent in 2004. In view
of recent developments in the commodity and fuel markets, E.ON
Energie expects electricity prices in Germany to further
increase in 2005. E.ON Energie has already announced further
price hikes for 2005, which in most cases have been approved by
the relevant authorities.
High environmental and nuclear safety standards, as well as high
investments in new lignite power plants, taxes on electricity,
the requirements of the Co-Generation Protection Law and the
Renewable Energy Laws requirement that regional utilities
purchase electricity generated from renewable resources impose a
considerable burden on German electricity prices. E.ON Energie
still believes that it will be able to compete effectively in the
43
European Union. In addition, E.ON Energie believes that the
liberalization of the gas and electricity markets may open new
business opportunities. However, E.ON Energie may be unable to
compete as effectively as other electricity companies due to the
factors described above. Any of these or other factors could
materially and adversely affect E.ONs financial condition
and results of operations. See also Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors.
Outside Germany, the energy markets in which E.ON Energie
operates are also subject to strong competition. E.ON Energie
cannot guarantee it will be able to compete successfully in
electricity markets where it already is present or in new
electricity markets it may enter.
PAN-EUROPEAN GAS
E.ON Ruhrgas is the lead company of the Pan-European Gas market
unit and is responsible for all of E.ONs non-retail gas
activities in continental Europe. E.ON completed the acquisition
of all of the outstanding shares of the former Ruhrgas in March
2003 and has fully consolidated the results of the former
Ruhrgas activities since February 2003. Details on E.ONs
acquisition of Ruhrgas, including the actions taken by E.ON and
E.ON Ruhrgas in 2003 and early 2004 to fulfill relevant
conditions, the status of integration efforts and progress made
on realizing synergies between the two companies are described
in History and Development of the
Company Ruhrgas Acquisition. In terms of
sales, E.ON Ruhrgas is one of the leading non-state-owned gas
companies in Europe and the largest gas company in Germany. In
2004, E.ON Ruhrgas recorded revenues of
14.4 billion
(which included
2.9 billion
in natural gas and electricity taxes that were remitted,
directly or indirectly, to the German tax authorities) and
adjusted EBIT of
1.4 billion.
13.0 billion
of E.ON Ruhrgas 2004 revenues were generated in Germany
and
1.4 billion
was generated abroad.
As part of E.ONs on.top project, E.ON Energie has
transferred certain of its shareholdings in gas distribution and
exploration companies to E.ON Ruhrgas, while E.ON Ruhrgas has
transferred certain of its downstream gas activities in central
Europe to E.ON Energie. E.ON Energie also transferred its gas
trading activities to E.ON Ruhrgas in 2004. For more information
about E.ONs on.top project and the relevant changes to
E.ON Ruhrgas business, see History and
Development of the Company Group
Strategy On.top.
In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas entered into the following transactions:
|
|
|
|
|
In October 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas signed an agreement with the
Romanian government for the acquisition of a 51.0 percent
stake in the Romanian gas supplier Distrigaz Nord. Distrigaz
Nord is active in gas distribution in northern Romania. The
transaction is expected to close in the first half of 2005. |
|
|
|
In November 2004, ERI signed an agreement for the acquisition of
75.0 percent minus 1 share each of the gas trading and gas
storage businesses of the Hungarian oil and gas company MOL and
its 50.0 percent interest in the gas import subsidiary
Panrusgáz. In addition, MOL received a put option to sell
to ERI up to 75.0 percent minus 1 share of its gas
transmission business and put options to sell to ERI the
remaining 25.0 percent plus 1 share in the MOL gas trading
and gas storage companies. The transaction is subject to
antitrust approval and is expected to close in the second half
of 2005. |
|
|
|
In December 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas made use of its right of first
refusal to purchase an additional 4.0 percent interest in
the project company Interconnector (UK) Limited
(Interconnector), which operates an undersea gas
pipeline linking the United Kingdom and Belgium, from another
shareholder. The transaction is expected to close in the first
quarter of 2005. |
For information about additional transactions in the downstream
business, see Downstream Shareholdings.
On January 1, 2004, in fulfillment of one of the
requirements of the ministerial approval of E.ONs
acquisition of Ruhrgas, E.ON Ruhrgas transferred its gas
transmission business to a new subsidiary, E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport. See also Transmission System and
Storage below.
44
Through E.ON Ruhrgas AG and its subsidiaries, E.ON Ruhrgas is
primarily engaged in the following segments of the gas industry:
|
|
|
Supply:
|
|
The purchase of natural gas under long-term contracts with
foreign and domestic producers, including the Russian gas
company Gazprom, the worlds largest gas producer in terms
of volume, in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds a small shareholding.
E.ON Ruhrgas also engages in gas exploration and production
activities and, to supplement its supply as well as its sales
business, in a limited amount of trading activities; |
Transmission System:
|
|
The transmission of gas within Germany via a network of
approximately 11,000 km of pipelines in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds
an interest; |
Storage:
|
|
The storage of gas in a number of large underground natural gas
storage facilities; and |
Sales:
|
|
The sale of gas within Germany to regional and supraregional
distributors, municipal utilities and industrial customers, as
well as the delivery of gas to a number of customers in other
European countries. |
In addition to its natural gas supply, transmission system,
storage and sales businesses, E.ON Ruhrgas owns numerous
shareholdings in integrated gas companies, gas distribution
companies and municipal utilities through its subsidiaries ERI
and Thüga. ERI holds primarily minority shareholdings in
both German and other European integrated gas companies,
regional gas distribution companies and municipal gas utilities.
Thüga holds primarily minority shareholdings in about 100
regional and municipal electricity and gas utilities in Germany,
as well as majority and minority shareholdings in a number of
Italian gas distribution and sales companies and one Italian
municipal utility. E.ON Ruhrgas subsidiary Ruhrgas
Industries GmbH (Ruhrgas Industries) holds and
manages the market units industrial businesses, which
focus on metering and industrial furnaces. Management has
decided to actively pursue the disposal of the operations of
Ruhrgas Industries during 2005, subject to market conditions.
For financial reporting purposes, the Pan-European Gas market
unit is divided into three business units: Up-/ Midstream,
Downstream Shareholdings and Other/ Consolidation. The Up-/
Midstream business unit reflects the results of the supply,
transmission system, storage and sales businesses, with the
midstream operations essentially including all of the supply and
sales business other than exploration and production activities.
The Downstream Shareholdings business unit reflects the results
of ERI and Thüga. Other/ Consolidation primarily includes
the results of Ruhrgas Industries, as well as consolidation
effects.
The following table provides information about purchases and
sales of natural gas and coke oven gas by E.ON Ruhrgas
midstream operations for the full years 2004 and 2003, as well
as the eleven-month period in 2003 during which these operations
were consolidated by E.ON. The difference between gas supplies
and gas sales in any given period is due to storage and metering
differences and occurs routinely.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February- |
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 |
|
|
|
Total 2003 |
|
|
|
December 2003 |
|
|
Purchases |
|
billion kWh |
|
% |
|
billion kWh |
|
% |
|
billion kWh |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Imports
|
|
537.4 |
|
83.2 |
|
506.6 |
|
82.6 |
|
446.2 |
|
82.5 |
German sources
|
|
108.6 |
|
16.8 |
|
106.8 |
|
17.4 |
|
94.7 |
|
17.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
646.0 |
|
100.0 |
|
613.4 |
|
100.0 |
|
540.9 |
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic distributors
|
|
328.7 |
|
51.2 |
|
326.7 |
|
52.9 |
|
282.0 |
|
52.8 |
Domestic municipal utilities
|
|
156.1 |
|
24.3 |
|
159.5 |
|
25.8 |
|
136.3 |
|
25.5 |
Domestic industrial customers
|
|
69.0 |
|
10.8 |
|
66.0 |
|
10.7 |
|
59.3 |
|
11.1 |
Sales abroad
|
|
87.6 |
|
13.7 |
|
65.2 |
|
10.6 |
|
56.9 |
|
10.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
641.4 |
|
100.0 |
|
617.4 |
|
100.0 |
|
534.5 |
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45
In the table above, as well as in the descriptions of E.ON
Ruhrgas supply and sales businesses, purchase and sales
volumes are presented for all periods excluding amounts
purchased and sold under location swaps, which are
the simultaneous purchase and sale of equal amounts of natural
gas for approximately the same price but at different locations,
as well as relatively minimal amounts of gas that E.ON Ruhrgas
does not consider part of its primary business, including
volumes handled for third parties. In addition, these gas
volumes do not include gas volumes attributable to ERI or
Thüga, which are part of the Downstream Shareholdings
business unit.
The increase in total sales volume in 2004 is mainly
attributable to increased sales to non-domestic customers,
primarily reflecting increased sales to affiliated companies.
For more information on E.ON Ruhrgas gas supply
contract with E.ON UK, see History and
Development of the Company Ruhrgas Acquisition and
U.K. Energy Wholesale Energy
Trading.
Supply
E.ON Ruhrgas purchases virtually all of its natural gas from
producers in six countries: Russia, Norway, the Netherlands,
Germany, the United Kingdom and Denmark. In 2004,
E.ON Ruhrgas purchased a total of 646.0 billion kWh of
gas, of which approximately 83.2 percent was imported and
approximately 16.8 percent was purchased from German
producers. E.ON Ruhrgas was the largest gas purchaser
in Germany in 2004, acquiring more than half of the
total volume of gas purchased for the German market. Of the
646.0 billion kWh of gas purchased in 2004,
E.ON Ruhrgas bought approximately 31.2 percent from
Russia and approximately 26.3 percent from Norway, its two
largest suppliers. The following table provides information on
the amount of gas purchased from each country and its percentage
of the total volume of gas purchased by the midstream operations
in the full years 2004 and 2003 and the eleven-month period
in 2003 during which these operations were consolidated by
E.ON:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February- | |
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 | |
|
|
|
Total 2003 | |
|
|
|
December 2003 | |
|
|
Sources of Gas |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Germany
|
|
|
108.6 |
|
|
|
16.8 |
|
|
|
106.8 |
|
|
|
17.4 |
|
|
|
94.7 |
|
|
|
17.5 |
|
Russia
|
|
|
201.3 |
|
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
|
186.7 |
|
|
|
30.4 |
|
|
|
167.7 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
Norway
|
|
|
169.6 |
|
|
|
26.3 |
|
|
|
174.4 |
|
|
|
28.4 |
|
|
|
156.4 |
|
|
|
28.9 |
|
The Netherlands
|
|
|
124.1 |
|
|
|
19.2 |
|
|
|
100.6 |
|
|
|
16.4 |
|
|
|
81.6 |
|
|
|
15.1 |
|
United Kingdom
|
|
|
22.8 |
|
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
27.3 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
24.8 |
|
|
|
4.6 |
|
Denmark
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
17.6 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
15.7 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
Others(1)
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
646.0 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
613.4 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
540.9 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the table above, purchase volumes are presented for all
periods excluding amounts purchased under location swaps, as
well as relatively minimal amounts of gas that E.ON Ruhrgas
does not consider part of its primary supply business, including
volumes handled for third parties. In addition, these gas
volumes do not include gas volumes attributable to ERI or
Thüga.
As is typical in the gas industry, these purchases were made
under long-term supply contracts that E.ON Ruhrgas has with
one or more gas producers in each country. Purchases under such
contracts provided for nearly all of the gas bought by
E.ON Ruhrgas in 2004; the remaining amounts were
purchased on international spot markets or pursuant to
short-term contracts. E.ON Ruhrgas current long-term
contracts with fixed term (so-called supply-type
contracts) have termination dates ranging from 2005
to 2030 (subject in certain cases to automatic extensions
unless either party gives notice of termination), while
so-called depletion-type contracts terminate upon
the exhaustion of economic production from the relevant gas
field. E.ON Ruhrgas believes that its existing contracts secure
the supply of a total volume of approximately 10 trillion
kWh of natural gas over the period to 2030. As is standard
in the gas industry, the price E.ON Ruhrgas pays for gas
under these contracts is calculated on the basis of complex
formulas incorporating variables based upon current market
prices for fuel oil,
46
gas oil, coal and/or other competing fuels, with prices being
automatically re-calculated periodically, usually monthly or
quarterly. The contracts also generally provide for formal
revisions and adjustments of the price and other business terms
to reflect changes in the market (in many cases expressly
including changes in the retail market for natural gas and
competing fuels), generally providing that such revisions may
only be made once every few years unless the parties agree
otherwise. Claims for revision are subject to binding
arbitration in the event the parties cannot agree on the
necessary adjustments. Certain contracts also provide
E.ON Ruhrgas with the possibility of buying specified
quantities of gas at prices linked to those on international
spot markets. The contracts also require E.ON Ruhrgas to
pay for specified minimum quantities of gas even if it does not
take delivery of such quantities, a standard gas industry
practice known as take or pay. Take-or-pay
quantities are generally set at approximately 80 percent of
the firm contract quantities. To date, E.ON Ruhrgas has
been able to avoid the application of these take-or-pay clauses
in nearly all cases. The contracts also include quality and
availability provisions (together with related discounts for
non-compliance), force majeure provisions and other industry
standard terms. E.ON Ruhrgas also has short-term
arrangements with some of its suppliers, which provided less
than 2 percent of E.ON Ruhrgas gas supply
in 2004. E.ON Ruhrgas generally takes delivery of the
gas it imports at the point at which the relevant pipeline
crosses the German border. For additional information on these
contractual obligations, see Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects Contractual
Obligations.
In the medium and long term, rising demand for gas in Europe,
combined with falling indigenous production in European
countries, particularly in the United Kingdom, will lead to a
greater reliance on imports by European gas wholesalers.
Accordingly, in the near future, gas producers will have to
invest, in some cases quite considerably, in expanding their
production capacities. In addition, the natural decline in
output from older fields will need to be made up by the
development of new fields. E.ON Ruhrgas believes that
long-term gas purchase contracts will remain crucial to European
gas supplies, ensuring a fair balance of risks between producers
and importers. E.ON Ruhrgas believes the price adjustment
provisions in such contracts safeguard sufficient supplies of
gas at competitive prices, while the take or pay provisions give
producers the necessary long-term security for investing. The
economic significance of such contracts has been acknowledged by
both the German government and, to an increasing extent, by the
EU Commission, and E.ON Ruhrgas seeks to balance its
purchase and sale obligations so as to minimize risk. For
information about risks relating to long-term gas supply
contracts, see Item 3. Key Information
Risk Factors.
E.ON Ruhrgas supply sources are discussed below on a
country-by-country basis.
Russia. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
201.3 billion kWh of gas, or 31.2 percent of its total
gas purchased, from Russia. Russia is the largest supplier of
natural gas to E.ON Ruhrgas, while E.ON Ruhrgas is the
second-largest purchaser of gas from Russia. As with most of its
gas imports, E.ON Ruhrgas takes ownership of its Russian gas
when it reaches the German border.
All of E.ON Ruhrgas purchases of Russian natural gas are
made pursuant to long-term supply contracts with OOO Gazexport,
the subsidiary of Gazprom responsible for exports. E.ON Ruhrgas
holds a 3.5 percent direct interest in Gazprom; an
additional stake of 2.9 percent in Gazprom is attributable
to E.ON Ruhrgas on the basis of contractual arrangements
relating to its minority interest in a Russian entity that holds
these shares. E.ON Ruhrgas considers its shareholding in Gazprom
to be an important element supporting its long-term supply
relationship with Gazprom, which is the worlds largest gas
producer, having produced approximately 5.6 trillion kWh of gas
in 2004. E.ON Ruhrgas expects the importance of Russian gas
exports for Europe to increase as the indigenous production of
important European supply countries decreases. Gazprom has
indicated it will flexibly cover about one third of E.ON
Ruhrgas gas requirements for the German market until 2030.
E.ON Ruhrgas and Gazprom may enter into new gas supply contracts
in the future which will provide a contractual basis for this
arrangement. In July 2004, E.ON and Gazprom signed a Memorandum
of Understanding for a deepened strategic cooperation between
the parties. For more details, see History and
Development of the Company Other Significant
Events.
In addition, E.ON Ruhrgas is a member of a consortium that holds
a minority interest in Slovenský plynárenský
priemysel a.s. (SPP), the operator of the gas
transmission system in Slovakia through which most Russian gas
bound for western Europe is transported.
47
Norway. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
169.6 billion kWh, or 26.3 percent of its total gas
purchased, from Norwegian sources. E.ON Ruhrgas takes delivery
of its Norwegian supplies at the gas import points near Emden
along the German North Sea coast.
In 2001, the Norwegian government abolished Norways
centralized gas marketing system (the so-called GFU) for
deliveries in EU member states and introduced a company-based
marketing system. Currently, E.ON Ruhrgas has supply contracts
with a number of major Norwegian and international energy
companies that hold concessions for the exploitation of
Norwegian gas fields. Some of the contracts are of the
depletion-type while others are
supply-type contracts.
The Netherlands. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
124.1 billion kWh, or 19.2 percent of its total gas
purchased, pursuant to a single long-term supply contract with
N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie. This contract provides E.ON
Ruhrgas with a certain degree of flexibility in managing its
supply portfolio. E.ON Ruhrgas believes such flexibility is
particularly important in this case, as the Dutch gas fields are
relatively close to the end consumers of E.ON Ruhrgas
imports, making it more economically viable for E.ON Ruhrgas to
react to changes in market demand by varying contract
quantities. E.ON Ruhrgas takes delivery of Dutch gas at the
German border.
Germany. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
108.6 billion kWh, or 16.8 percent of its total gas
purchased, from domestic gas production companies. E.ON Ruhrgas
has long-term supply contracts for German natural gas with
ExxonMobil Gas Marketing Deutschland GmbH (formerly Mobil
Erdgas-Erdöl GmbH), ExxonMobil Gas Marketing Deutschland
GmbH & Co. KG (50 percent of former BEB),
Shell Erdgas Marketing GmbH & Co. KG (50 percent
of former BEB), Gaz de France Produktion Exploration
Deutschland GmbH (formerly Preussag Energie GmbH) and
RWE Dea AG. A number of the contracts provide E.ON
Ruhrgas with significant additional flexibility by providing for
the supply of minimum and maximum quantities of gas, rather than
a single fixed amount. E.ON Ruhrgas expects the volume of
gas it purchases from domestic sources to decline over time, as
German gas fields will be depleted.
United Kingdom. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
22.8 billion kWh, or 3.5 percent of its total gas
purchased, from U.K. sources. These quantities were partly
purchased from BP Gas Marketing Ltd under a long-term
supply contract, partly purchased on the spot short-term market
and partly received as equity gas through E.ON
Ruhrgas subsidiary E.ON Ruhrgas UK Exploration and
Production Ltd (E.ON Ruhrgas UK),
which has interests in U.K. gas fields and infrastructure.
See Exploration and Production below for more
information on E.ON Ruhrgas UK.
In contrast to its other imported gas, which E.ON Ruhrgas takes
ownership of at the German border, E.ON Ruhrgas takes delivery
of its purchased U.K. gas supplies partly at Bacton and
partly at Zeebrügge in Belgium. Gas from the U.K. gas
fields is transported to Belgium through the undersea gas
pipeline run by the project company Interconnector, in which
E.ON Ruhrgas holds a 10.0 percent interest. In order to
transport the gas to Germany, E.ON Ruhrgas has long-term
transportation contracts for the transmission of the gas through
the Belgian pipeline system to the gas import point Raeren near
Aachen on the German-Belgian border.
Denmark. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
19.3 billion kWh, or 3.0 percent of its total gas
purchased, from the Danish supplier DONG Naturgas A/ S
(DONG), with which E.ON Ruhrgas has a long-term
supply contract. E.ON Ruhrgas takes delivery of Danish gas at
the German border.
In order to optimize and manage price risks of its long-term gas
portfolio, E.ON Ruhrgas engages in gas, oil and coal trading.
The gas trading activities are concentrated at the national
balancing point in the United Kingdom, at the Zeebrügge hub
in Belgium and at the Title Transfer Facility in the
Netherlands, and are mainly handled via brokers participating in
open markets. Financial, oil and coal trading activities are
undertaken mainly for hedging purposes. Proprietary trading is
marginal compared to asset based trading.
As of April 1, 2004, E.ON Energie transferred
100 percent of D-Gas, which has an experienced team of gas
traders, to E.ON Ruhrgas. E.ON Ruhrgas total traded gas
volume for 2004 was 4.9 percent of total E.ON Ruhrgas
sales, as compared with 1.9 percent in 2003, with the
increase being attributable to increased hedging
48
activities reflecting the expansion of the arbitrage business in
the markets in the U.K., Belgium and the Netherlands, as well as
due to the inclusion of D-Gas.
All of E.ON Ruhrgas energy trading operations, including
its limited proprietary trading, are subject to E.ONs risk
management policies for energy trading. For additional
information on these policies and related exposures, see
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk.
|
|
|
Exploration and Production |
E.ON Ruhrgas participates in the exploration and production
segment of the gas industry through its gas production companies
in the United Kingdom and in Norway.
United Kingdom. In the United Kingdom, E.ON Ruhrgas
operates through its subsidiary E.ON Ruhrgas UK, which holds
minority interests in a number of gas production fields and
exploration blocks in the British North Sea.
In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas UK produced 4.0 billion kWh
(353 million cubic meters
(m3))
of gas, compared with 2.85 billion kWh (251 million
m3)
of gas in 2003. In 2004, this gas came primarily from the Elgin/
Franklin project, in which E.ON Ruhrgas UK holds a
5.2 percent interest, and from the Scoter gas field, in
which E.ON Ruhrgas UK holds a 12.0 percent interest and
which started regular production in March 2004. In addition,
E.ON Ruhrgas UK produced 2.5 million barrels of liquids
(oil and condensate) in 2004, which were sold on the market. In
July 2004, the field development plan of Glenelg, a satellite
field of Elgin/ Franklin, was approved by the authorities.
Glenelg and the other Elgin/ Franklin satellite field West
Franklin are expected to begin gas and liquids production in
2005. E.ON Ruhrgas UK holds a respective 18.57 and
5.2 percent interest in these fields.
Norway. E.ON Ruhrgas operates in Norway through its
subsidiary E.ON Ruhrgas Norge AS (E.ON Ruhrgas
Norge). E.ON Ruhrgas Norge holds a 15.0 percent stake
in the Njord oil and gas field in the Norwegian Shelf area of
the North Sea. Currently, gas from this field is being
re-injected to increase the rate of oil recovery. E.ON Ruhrgas
Norge obtained 1.6 million barrels of oil as a result of
its stake in 2004 which were sold on the market. The field is
currently expected to begin producing gas for sale in 2007.
Russia. In July 2004, E.ON and Gazprom signed a
Memorandum of Understanding for a deepened strategic cooperation
between the parties, including in the area of gas production in
Russia. For more details, see History and
Development of the Company Other Significant
Events.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), which is liquefied in
the gas producing country, transported by tanker and then
converted back into gas at the receiving terminal, is an
alternative to gas deliveries by pipeline. E.ON Ruhrgas has a
majority shareholding in Deutsche Flüssigerdgas Terminal
Gesellschaft mbH, which owns property and the necessary permits
to build an LNG landing terminal in Wilhelmshaven, Germany.
Although LNG is not an attractive option for German purchases
under current market conditions, E.ON Ruhrgas believes its
interest in this company provides it with an option for
diversifying into LNG purchases should costs associated with LNG
fall. No assurances can be given, however, that such a terminal
will be built.
|
|
|
Transmission System and Storage |
E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline system is comprised of pipelines and
transport compressor stations (together, the transmission
system), as well as underground gas storage facilities
(including storage compressor stations) owned by E.ON Ruhrgas,
those co-owned directly by E.ON Ruhrgas and other gas companies,
and those owned by project companies in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds
an interest.
Project companies are entities E.ON Ruhrgas has set up with
German or European gas companies for a special purpose, such as
establishing a pipeline connection between two countries or
building and operating
49
underground gas storage facilities. The following table provides
more information on the E.ON Ruhrgas share in each of its German
project companies as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON | |
|
|
Ruhrgas Share | |
Project Company |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
DEUDAN (DEUDAN Deutsch/ Dänische
Erdgastransport-Gesellschaft mbH & Co. KG)
|
|
|
25.0 |
|
EGL (Etzel Gas-Lager Statoil Deutschland GmbH & Co)
|
|
|
74.8 |
|
GHG (GHG-Gasspeicher Hannnover Gesellschaft mbH)
|
|
|
13.2 |
|
MEGAL (MEGAL GmbH
Mittel-Europäische-Gasleitungsgesellschaft)
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
METG (Mittelrheinische Erdgastransportleitungsgesellschaft
mbH)(1)
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
NETG (Nordrheinische Erdgastransportleitungsgesellschaft
mbH & Co. KG)
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
NETRA (NETRA GmbH Norddeutsche Erdgas Transversale &
Co. KG)
|
|
|
41.7 |
|
TENP (Trans Europa Naturgas Pipeline GmbH)
|
|
|
51.0 |
|
|
|
(1) |
As of January 1, 2004, the wholly-owned project company
Süddeutsche Erdgas Transport Gesellschaft mbH
(SETG) was merged into METG. |
The E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline system is operated by E.ON Ruhrgas,
its wholly-owned subsidiary E.ON Ruhrgas Transport and its
project companies, and monitored and maintained largely by E.ON
Ruhrgas. The transmission system is used to transport the gas
that E.ON Ruhrgas and third party customers receive from
suppliers at gas import points on the German border or at other
supply points within Germany to customers or to storage
facilities for later use.
In fulfillment of one of the requirements of the ministerial
approval authorizing E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas, the
transmission system has been leased out to E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport together with all transmission rights and rights of
beneficial use that E.ON Ruhrgas possesses in respect of third
party transmission systems in Germany. For more information on
E.ON Ruhrgas Transport, see E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport below.
50
The following map shows the pipelines as well as the location of
compressor stations, gas storage facilities and field stations
of the E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline system:
E.ON Ruhrgas Pipeline System
As shown in the map above, the E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline system is
located primarily in western Germany, the historical center of
E.ON Ruhrgas operations.
Pipelines. As of the end of 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas owned gas
pipelines totaling 6,456 km and co-owned gas pipelines totaling
1,550 km with other companies. In addition, German project
companies in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds an interest owned gas
pipelines totaling 3,274 km at the end of 2004.
The following table provides more information on E.ON
Ruhrgas pipelines in Germany as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maintained | |
|
|
Total | |
|
by E.ON Ruhrgas | |
Pipelines |
|
km | |
|
km | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Owned by E.ON Ruhrgas
|
|
|
6,456 |
|
|
|
6,185 |
|
Co-owned pipelines
|
|
|
1,550 |
|
|
|
605 |
|
DEUDAN (PC)
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
EGL (PC)
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
MEGAL (PC)
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
1,080 |
|
METG (PC)
|
|
|
425 |
|
|
|
425 |
|
NETG (PC)
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
NETRA (PC)
|
|
|
341 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
TENP (PC)
|
|
|
966 |
|
|
|
966 |
|
Companies in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds a stake through its
subsidiaries ERI and Thüga
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,015 |
|
Owned by third parties
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,072 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total in Germany
|
|
|
11,280 |
|
|
|
12,665 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51
E.ON Ruhrgas share in the use of any particular pipeline
it does not wholly own is determined by contract and is not
necessarily related to E.ON Ruhrgas interest in the
pipeline. E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline network is comprised of
pipeline sections of varying diameters originally built
according to the estimated capacity needed for the relevant
section of the system. Currently, the pipeline network comprises
2,029 km of pipelines with a diameter of less than or equal
to 300 millimeters, 3,029 km of pipelines with a
diameter of more than 300 and less than or equal to
600 millimeters, 2,918 km of pipelines with a diameter
of more than 600 and less than or equal to
900 millimeters, and 3,304 km of pipelines with a
diameter of more than 900 and less than or equal to
1,200 millimeters.
In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas maintained 6,185 km of its own
pipelines, 605 km of co-owned pipelines, 1,072 km of
pipelines owned by third parties and 2,015 km of pipelines
owned by companies in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds a stake through
its subsidiaries ERI and Thüga, as well as
2,788 km of pipelines owned by project companies in which
E.ON Ruhrgas holds an interest. In total, E.ON Ruhrgas
maintained (including providing local monitoring) 12,665 km
of pipelines in 2004. For information on pipeline monitoring and
maintenance, see Monitoring and
Maintenance below.
In addition to its German transmission system, E.ON Ruhrgas has
a 10.0 percent interest in Interconnector, a
U.K. project company that owns the Interconnector
transmission system, comprising a 235 km undersea gas pipeline
from the United Kingdom to Belgium and a transport compressor
station at Bacton (four units with a total installed capacity of
approximately 112 MW). In December 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas made
use of its right of first refusal to purchase an additional
4.0 percent interest in Interconnector from another
shareholder. The transaction is expected to close in the first
quarter of 2005. In July 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas acquired a
20.0 percent interest in BBL Company V.O.F., a Dutch
project company founded in July 2004, which is building a
second undersea transmission system between continental Europe
and the United Kingdom. Construction on this transmission
system, which is expected to link Balgzand in the Netherlands to
Bacton in the United Kingdom, began in December 2004. E.ON
Ruhrgas also owns a 3.0 percent interest in the Swiss
project company Transitgas AG, which owns the Transitgas
transmission system, running through Switzerland from Wallbach
on the Swiss-German border and Rodersdorf on the French-Swiss
border to Griespass on the Swiss-Italian border. The Transitgas
system comprises pipelines totaling 293 km and one
transport compressor station at Ruswil (four units with a
total installed capacity of approximately 60 MW).
Compressor Stations. Compressor stations are used to
produce the pressure necessary to transport gas through
pipelines and to inject gas into underground storage facilities.
E.ON Ruhrgas owns or co-owns 15 compressor stations, nine
operating for gas transportation purposes (with a total
installed capacity of 305 MW), and six for gas storage
purposes (with a total installed capacity of 79 MW).
Project companies in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds an interest own an
additional 16 transport compressor stations with a total
installed capacity of 516 MW and two storage compressor
stations with a total installed capacity of 17 MW. In 2004,
E.ON Ruhrgas provided monitoring and maintenance services under
service contracts for the nine transport compressor stations
leased out to E.ON Ruhrgas Transport and 12 transport compressor
stations of the project companies. E.ON Ruhrgas also operated,
monitored and maintained its six compressor stations operating
for gas storage purposes. The current installed capacity of the
compressor stations monitored and maintained by E.ON Ruhrgas
totals 833 MW.
52
The following table provides more information about E.ON
Ruhrgas and its project companies gas compressor
stations in Germany as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Installed Capacity | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Compressor Units | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compressor Units | |
|
Monitored and | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Installed | |
|
Monitored and | |
|
Maintained | |
|
|
Compressor | |
|
Compressor | |
|
Capacity | |
|
Maintained by | |
|
by E.ON Ruhrgas | |
Owned by |
|
Stations | |
|
Units | |
|
MW | |
|
E.ON Ruhrgas | |
|
MW | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
E.ON Ruhrgas (transportation and storage)
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
DEUDAN (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
EGL (PC) (storage)
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
GHG Hannover (PC) (storage)
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
MEGAL (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
179 |
|
METG (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
99 |
|
NETG (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
NETRA (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
TENP (PC) (transportation)
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total in Germany
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
917 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
833 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Due to the complexity of the transmission system together with
transmission rights and rights of beneficial use, as well as the
number and complexity of factors influencing pipeline
utilization, such as temperature, the volume of gas transported
and the availability of compressor units, no meaningful data on
the utilization of the transmission system is available. E.ON
Ruhrgas had sufficient pipeline capacity in prior years and
booked sufficient pipeline capacity in 2004. E.ON Ruhrgas
believes that a shortage of pipeline capacity is not a material
risk in the foreseeable future.
Storage. Underground gas storage facilities are generally
used to balance gas supplies and heavily fluctuating demand
patterns. For example, the gas send out by E.ON Ruhrgas on a
cold winter day is approximately four to five times as high as
that on a hot summer day, while the flow of gas produced and
purchased is much more constant. For this reason, E.ON Ruhrgas
injects gas into storage facilities during warm weather periods
and withdraws it in cold weather periods to cope with peak
demand. E.ON Ruhrgas stores gas in large underground gas storage
facilities, which are located in porous rock formations
(depleted gas fields or aquifer horizons) or in salt caverns.
Underground gas storage facilities consist of an underground
section (cavity or porous rock and wells) and an above-ground
part, especially the storage compressor station. As of the end
of 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas owned five storage facilities, co-owned
another two storage facilities and leased capacity in three
storage facilities in order to meet its gas storage
requirements. In addition, E.ON Ruhrgas had storage capacity
available through two project companies in which it is a
shareholder. Through these owned, co-owned, leased and project
company storage facilities a working gas storage capacity of
approximately 5.2 billion
m3
was available to E.ON Ruhrgas in 2004. Due to the number and
complexity of factors influencing storage utilization,
particularly temperature and the terms of supply and delivery
contracts, E.ON Ruhrgas does not consider data on the
utilization of gas storage capacity to be meaningful. E.ON
Ruhrgas had sufficient storage capacity available both in 2004
and in prior years and does not consider a shortage of gas
storage capacity to be a material risk in the foreseeable
future. However, depending on a number of factors such as future
gas send out, E.ON Ruhrgas gas supply and delivery
situation and further gas sales potential in the United Kingdom,
E.ON Ruhrgas intends to increase working gas capacity by
enlarging existing storage facilities, building new facilities
and by leasing
53
additional gas storage capacity in the future. The following
table provides more information about E.ON Ruhrgas
underground gas storage facilities, all of which are situated in
Germany, as of December 31, 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share in | |
|
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas | |
|
|
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas | |
|
Maximum | |
|
|
|
Share in | |
|
|
|
|
Share in | |
|
Withdrawal | |
|
|
|
Storage Facility | |
|
|
|
|
Working | |
|
Rate | |
|
|
|
or in the | |
|
Operated by | |
|
|
Capacity | |
|
thousand | |
|
|
|
Project Company | |
|
E.ON | |
Underground Storage Facilities |
|
million m3 | |
|
m3/hour | |
|
Owned by |
|
% | |
|
Ruhrgas | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Bierwang(P)
|
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Empelde(C)
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
GHG-Gasspeicher |
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hannover Gesellschaft mbH (PC) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Epe(C)
|
|
|
1,661 |
|
|
|
2,450 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Eschenfelden(P)
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
87 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas/N-ERGIE AG |
|
|
66.7 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Etzel(C)
|
|
|
387 |
|
|
|
987 |
|
|
Etzel Gas-Lager |
|
|
74.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Statoil Deutschland GmbH & Co(PC) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hähnlein(P)
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Krummhörn(C)(1)
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Sandhausen(P)
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas/Gasversorgung |
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Süddeutschland GmbH |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockstadt(P)
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas |
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
Yes |
|
Breitbrunn(P)
|
|
|
965 |
(2) |
|
|
520 |
|
|
RWE Dea AG/ |
|
|
Leased |
(3) |
|
|
Yes |
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ExxonMobil |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gasspeicher Deutschland |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
GmbH(3)/ E.ON Ruhrgas (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inzenham-West(P)
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
300 |
|
|
RWE Dea AG |
|
|
Leased |
|
|
|
|
|
Nüttermoor(C)
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
EWE AG |
|
|
Leased |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,207 |
|
|
|
5,941 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Currently out of service for repairs/adjustments. |
|
(2) |
900 million
m3
was contractually guaranteed in 2004; 965 million
m3
is the current working gas capacity available to E.ON Ruhrgas. |
|
(3) |
Underground section. |
|
(4) |
Above ground part, particularly the storage compressor station. |
Monitoring and Maintenance. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas carried
out for itself and under service contracts for E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport and some of the project companies E.ON Ruhrgas holds
an interest in, monitoring and maintenance services for almost
all of the E.ON Ruhrgas pipeline system.
Pipeline system monitoring operations are centered at E.ON
Ruhrgas dispatching facility in Essen. Among other tasks,
the center keeps the pipeline system under continual
surveillance, handles all reports of disturbances in the system
and arranges for the necessary response to any disturbance
report. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas performed this kind of system
monitoring for about 12,550 km of pipelines,
21 transport compressor stations, one storage compressor
station and seven underground storage facilities. Management of
operations, general maintenance (including local monitoring) and
trouble shooting are handled by the E.ON Ruhrgas field stations
and facilities located along the network. E.ON Ruhrgas also
deploys mobile units from these stations and facilities to carry
out maintenance and repair work. For certain sections of
pipelines, primarily those where no
54
field station or facility is located nearby, maintenance
(including local monitoring) is performed by third parties under
service contracts. E.ON Ruhrgas dispatching, monitoring
and maintenance processes are regularly certified under
International Standards Organization (ISO) 9001:2000
(quality management), ISO 14001 (environmental management),
OHSAS 18001, an Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
for health and safety management systems (work safety
management) and TSM, the Technical Safety Management rules of
DVGW (German Association of Gas and Water Engineers). DVGW is a
self-regulatory body for the gas and water industries, its
technical rules serving as a basis for ensuring safety and
reliability of German gas and water supplies.
E.ON Ruhrgas Transport. On January 1, 2004, in
fulfillment of one of the requirements of the ministerial
approval authorizing E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas, E.ON
Ruhrgas transferred its gas transmission business to a new
subsidiary, E.ON Ruhrgas Transport. E.ON Ruhrgas Transport has
sole responsibility for the gas transmission business, including
technical responsibility for the transmission system, and
functions independently of E.ON Ruhrgas sales business,
which is a customer of E.ON Ruhrgas Transport. As the
transmission system operator, E.ON Ruhrgas Transport operates
and controls the E.ON Ruhrgas transmission system and handles
all major functions needed for an independent gas transmission
business: transmissions management, transportation contracts
(including access fees), shipper relations, planning,
controlling and billing. E.ON Ruhrgas Transport obtains certain
support services from E.ON Ruhrgas AG under service agreements.
On November 1, 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas Transport introduced an
entry/exit model for access to the E.ON Ruhrgas gas transmission
system as a result of an agreement reached with the Competition
Directorate-General of the European Commission (the
Competition Directorate) with respect to a matter
that had been pending before the Competition Directorate. The
E.ON Ruhrgas Transport entry/exit system enables customers to
book entry and exit capacities for the transmission of gas
separately, in different amounts and at different times. Booked
capacities can be transferred at short notice and combined with
capacities of other customers of E.ON Ruhrgas Transport. The fee
structure is simple and applies to five zones into which the
transmission system of E.ON Ruhrgas has been divided. The level
of transmission fees is determined by reference to European
markets and pipeline-to-pipeline competition in Germany.
Customers also benefit from the introduction of local exit zones
within which they can use capacities flexibly. According to the
agreement reached with the Competition Directorate, E.ON Ruhrgas
will reduce the number of fee zones to four in 2006, unless the
company is able to demonstrate that technical, qualitative,
economic or other reasons make such reduction of zones
impossible.
Partly as a result of the agreement reached with the Competition
Directorate, E.ON Ruhrgas Transport made a number of
improvements in its transmission business in 2004. For example,
E.ON Ruhrgas Transport now offers customers which want to
transport gas through the transmission systems of other gas
companies one-stop transmission management, which means that the
customers have a single point of contact, and has implemented
other improvements such as enhanced online communications and
simplified contract procedures. Since July 1, 2004, E.ON
Ruhrgas has been publishing comprehensive technical data on its
transmission system and on available gas transmission capacities.
55
Germany. E.ON Ruhrgas was the largest distributor of
natural gas in Germany in 2004, selling a total volume of
553.8 billion kWh of gas. E.ON Ruhrgas also sold
87.6 billion kWh of gas outside of Germany in 2004. The
following map illustrates the sales area of E.ON Ruhrgas in
Germany:
E.ON Ruhrgas sells gas to regional and supraregional
distributors, municipal utilities and industrial customers. The
following table sets forth information on the sale of gas by
E.ON Ruhrgas sales business in Germany for the periods
presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February- | |
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 | |
|
|
|
Total 2003 | |
|
|
|
December 2003 | |
|
|
Sale of Gas to: |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Distributors
|
|
|
328.7 |
|
|
|
59.3 |
|
|
|
326.7 |
|
|
|
59.2 |
|
|
|
282.0 |
|
|
|
59.1 |
|
Municipal utilities
|
|
|
156.1 |
|
|
|
28.2 |
|
|
|
159.5 |
|
|
|
28.9 |
|
|
|
136.3 |
|
|
|
28.5 |
|
Industrial customers
|
|
|
69.0 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
66.0 |
|
|
|
11.9 |
|
|
|
59.3 |
|
|
|
12.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
553.8 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
552.2 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
477.6 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the table above, sales volumes are presented for all periods
excluding amounts sold under location swaps, as well as
relatively minimal amounts of gas that E.ON Ruhrgas does not
consider part of its primary sales business, including volumes
handled for third parties. In addition, these gas volumes do not
include gas volumes attributable to ERI or Thüga.
E.ON Ruhrgas sales contracts vary depending on the type of
customer. The majority of E.ON Ruhrgas customers are
distributors and municipal utilities. As is typical in the
industry, sales contracts for these customers generally have
longer terms, while sales contracts with industrial customers
are shorter, typically having terms between one and five years.
Price terms in all types of supply contracts are generally
pegged to the price of competing fuels, primarily gas oil or
heavy fuel oil, and provide for automatic quarterly price
adjustments based on fluctuations in underlying fuel prices. In
addition, medium- and long-term contracts, with terms of over
two years, usually contain clauses that enable the parties to
review prices and price formulas at regular intervals (usually
every one to four years) and to negotiate adjustments in
accordance with changed market conditions. Contracts for
industrial customers generally provide for some form of take or
pay obligation, usually in an amount of 50 to 90 percent of
the overall annual contract volume. Contracts with distributors
and municipal utilities generally do not include fixed take or
pay provisions.
56
Two requirements of the ministerial approval approving
E.ONs acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas relate to gas sales
contracts. First, customers which purchase more than
50 percent of their gas from E.ON Ruhrgas have had the
option, since October 2003, of reducing the volume of gas they
purchase from E.ON Ruhrgas to 80 percent of the contracted
amounts for the remaining term of the relevant contract. Most
customers decided not to exercise this option for the gas year
ending September 30, 2005, having selected instead revised
pricing and delivery terms, including delivery periods, for the
20 percent of contracted gas volumes they were able to
terminate (thereby postponing any subsequent exercise of their
termination option for one year). Second, two larger regional
distributor customers in which E.ON Ruhrgas previously held an
interest (Bayerngas and swb) were granted the right to a staged
termination of their contracts over a three-year period,
beginning in July 2004. To date, one of the parties has elected
not to terminate the contract for the first year, with the
effect that its termination rights can now be exercised as of
October 1, 2005, 2006 and 2007, while the other has decided
to sign a new contract with E.ON Ruhrgas without reducing the
contracted volumes.
In 2004, gas prices in Germany rose, due primarily to a rise in
the price of oil. Competition in the German gas industry has
increased in recent years, and E.ON Ruhrgas has in certain cases
responded to competitive pressure by re-negotiating the terms of
sales contracts with major customers. See also
Competitive Environment.
International. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas delivered
87.6 billion kWh of gas to customers in other European
countries, or 13.7 percent of the total volume of gas sold
by E.ON Ruhrgas, compared with 56.9 billion kWh or
10.6 percent in the period from February to December 2003.
The primary destinations for E.ON Ruhrgas external sales
are Switzerland and the United Kingdom, with the remainder of
its exports going to customers in Austria, Hungary,
Liechtenstein, Poland, Sweden, France, Denmark, Italy and the
Benelux countries. E.ON Ruhrgas external sales are
primarily made pursuant to long-term supply contracts similar to
those it has with domestic distributors. In October 2004, E.ON
Ruhrgas began supplying natural gas to E.ON UK pursuant to a
long-term supply contract between the parties. E.ON Ruhrgas has
also entered into a long-term gas supply contract with Sydkraft
which will take effect in October 2005. See also
U.K. Energy Wholesale
Energy Trading and Nordic
Gas Supply. Limitations on available gas transportation
capacity across the relevant borders may restrict E.ON
Ruhrgas ability to expand its external sales business to
certain countries.
E.ON Ruhrgas owns numerous shareholdings in integrated gas
companies, gas distribution companies and municipal utilities
through its subsidiaries ERI and Thüga. Thüga was
transferred from E.ON Energie to E.ON Ruhrgas at the end of 2003
as part of E.ONs on.top project. For more information,
including information on shareholdings ERI transferred to E.ON
Energie as part of the on.top project, see
History and Development of the
Company Group Strategy On.top.
ERI holds primarily minority shareholdings in both German and
other European integrated gas companies, regional gas
distribution companies and municipal gas utilities, while
Thüga holds primarily minority shareholdings in about 100
regional and municipal electricity and gas utilities in Germany,
as well as majority and minority shareholdings in a number of
Italian gas distribution and sales companies and one Italian
municipal utility. Beginning in May 2004, as part of an internal
restructuring to create a more focused structure within E.ON
Ruhrgas, ERI transferred its shareholdings in 12 German
municipal utilities to Thüga. ERI plans to transfer its
remaining three shareholdings in German municipal utilities to
Thüga in 2005. In addition, ERI transferred its
10.0 percent interest in Thüga to E.ON Ruhrgas
Thüga Holding GmbH (Thüga Holding), the
holding company through which E.ON Ruhrgas holds its interest in
Thüga. In the future, E.ON Ruhrgas expects ERI to focus
primarily on international shareholdings and interests in German
regional distributors, while Thüga will focus on domestic
utilities and Italian shareholdings.
ERI: As of December 31, 2004, ERIs portfolio
of shareholdings included primarily minority stakes in 6
domestic and 17 foreign companies. In 2004, ERI (including its
fully consolidated shareholdings) contributed sales of
544.5 million
(approximately 4.7 percent of E.ON Ruhrgas total
sales, excluding natural gas and electricity taxes) and had
sales volumes of 30.1 billion kWh in 2004 (2003:
30.1 billion kWh).
57
In addition to the on.top and internal restructuring transfers
described above, ERI entered into the following transactions in
2004:
|
|
|
|
|
In May 2004, ERI and E.ON Energie started to simplify the
shareholder structure of Avacon: ERI transferred its
39.0 percent stake in Ferngas Salzgitter, which had a
16.43 percent interest in Avacon, and its 45.0 percent
stake in FSG Holding, which had a 25.0 percent stake in Ferngas
Salzgitter, to E.ON Energie. For additional details, see
Central Europe Overview. |
|
|
|
In May 2004, ERI acquired a 40.13 percent interest in the
Slovakian company Nafta a.s. from RWE Gas AG and as part of a
compulsory tender offer following this purchase acquired a
further 0.14 percent of Nafta a.s. |
|
|
|
In August 2004, ERI acquired the remaining 25.0 percent of
therminvest Sp.z o.o. (therminvest) from EWFE G.S.
and now owns 100 percent of therminvest. |
|
|
|
In October 2004, as part of the privatization of the Lithanian
gas distributor AB Lietuvos Dujos, ERI participated in a capital
increase. As a result, ERIs shareholding in AB Lietuvos
Dujos increased by 3.21 percent to 38.91 percent. |
|
|
|
In November 2004, the gas trading business of Nova Naturgas AB
(Nova Naturgas), in which ERI has a
29.59 percent interest, was sold to the Danish gas company
DONG. |
|
|
|
In November 2004, ERI signed contracts to acquire shareholdings
in certain businesses of the Hungarian gas company MOL. For
details, see Overview. |
|
|
|
During the second half of 2004, ERI increased its shareholding
in the Polish district heating company Szczencinska Energetyke
Cieplna Sp.z o.o. (SECS) by 5.76 percent to
32.0 percent through the acquisition of employee shares. |
Germany. As of December 31, 2004, ERI held interests
in the following operating companies, which are primarily gas
distributors and municipal utilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share held | |
|
|
by ERI | |
Shareholding |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
Ferngas Nordbayern GmbH(1)
|
|
|
53.10 |
|
Gas-Union GmbH(1)
|
|
|
25.93 |
|
Saar Ferngas AG(1)
|
|
|
20.00 |
|
HEAG Südhessische Energie AG (HSE)(2)
|
|
|
21.21 |
|
EWR GmbH(2)
|
|
|
20.00 |
|
Stadtwerke Neuss Energie und Wasser GmbH(2)
|
|
|
15.00 |
|
|
|
(1) |
Interest held via ERIs fully-owned subsidiary RGE Holding
GmbH. |
|
(2) |
As part of the internal restructuring described above, these
shareholdings in municipal utilities are expected to be
transferred to Thüga in 2005. |
ERI holds some stakes in companies which are customers of E.ON
Ruhrgas. Other German gas companies also hold interests in
certain of these companies.
58
International. As of December 31, 2004, ERI held
interests in the following operating companies in countries
outside of Germany, primarily in central Europe and the Nordic
region:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Share held | |
|
|
by ERI | |
Shareholding |
|
% | |
|
|
| |
Gasnor AS, Norway
|
|
|
14.00 |
|
Nova Naturgas AB, Sweden
|
|
|
29.59 |
|
Gasum Oy, Finland
|
|
|
20.00 |
|
AS Eesti Gaas, Estonia
|
|
|
33.66 |
|
JSC Latvijas Gaze, Latvia
|
|
|
47.23 |
|
AB Lietuvos Dujos, Lithuania
|
|
|
38.91 |
|
therminvest Sp.z o.o., Poland
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
Inwestycyjna Spolka Energetyczna Sp.z o.o. (IRB), Poland
|
|
|
50.00 |
|
Szczencinska Energetyka Cieplna Sp.z o.o. (SECS), Poland
|
|
|
32.00 |
|
EUROPGAS a.s., Czech Republic(1)
|
|
|
50.00 |
|
Colonia-Cluj-Napoca-Energie S.R.L. (CCNE), Romania
|
|
|
33.33 |
|
E.ON Ruhrgas Mittel- und Osteuropa GmbH(2)
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
Nafta a.s., Slovakia
|
|
|
40.27 |
|
S.C. Congaz S.A., Romania
|
|
|
28.59 |
|
Ekopur d.o.o., Slovenia(3)
|
|
|
100.00 |
|
SOTEG Société de Transport de Gaz S.A.,
Luxembourg
|
|
|
20.00 |
|
CICG Holding S.A., Switzerland
|
|
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
(1) |
EUROPGAS a.s. holds 50.0 percent of SPP Bohemia a.s. and an
indirect interest of 48.18 percent of Moravské
naftové doly a.s. (MND) in the Czech Republic. |
|
(2) |
The shareholding was transferred from E.ON Ruhrgas to ERI with
effect from December 31, 2004, midnight. E.ON Ruhrgas
Mittel- und Osteuropa GmbH has an indirect interest of
24.50 percent in SPP, Slovakia. |
|
(3) |
Ekopur d.o.o. holds 6.52 percent of Geoplin d.o.o. in
Slovenia. |
As with its German shareholdings, ERI holds some stakes in
companies which are customers of E.ON Ruhrgas.
Thüga: Thüga holds primarily minority
shareholdings in about 100 regional and municipal electricity
and gas utilities in Germany, as well as majority and minority
shareholdings in 26 Italian gas distribution and sales companies
and one Italian municipal utility. Through its 22 majority-owned
shareholdings in gas distributors, Thüga supplied natural
gas to approximately 550,000 end customers in Italy in 2004,
primarily in the regions of Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, Veneto and
Friuli. With respect to its minority shareholdings, Thüga
is an active shareholder, offering operational competence as
well as other services. In 2004, Thüga contributed sales of
813.0 million
(approximately 7.1 percent of E.ON Ruhrgas total
sales, excluding natural gas and electricity taxes). Thüga
increased its gas sales volumes by 28.2 percent to
20.9 billion kWh in 2004 from 16.3 billion kWh in
2003, primarily as a result of the inclusion of new Italian
businesses.
In May 2004, E.ON AG completed a squeeze out procedure which
resulted in the acquisition by E.ON AG of the remaining
3.4 percent of Thüga held by minority shareholders and
the delisting of Thüga. In November 2004, E.ON AG
transferred this 3.4 percent interest to Thüga Holding
so that as of December 31, 2004, Thüga Holding held
81.1 percent of Thüga and E.ON Energie, through its
subsidiary CONTIGAS Deutsche Energie-AG (CONTIGAS),
held the remaining 18.9 percent.
59
In addition to the on.top and internal restructuring transfers
described above, Thüga was involved in the following
transactions in 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
In January 2004, as part of a lease agreement, Thüga
transferred its electricity supply operations in parts of
Bavaria to E.ON Bayern with effect from January 1, 2004. |
|
|
|
In April 2004, Thüga acquired 100 percent of the
Italian gas distribution and sales companies Metanifera
Prealpina S.r.l. and Metanifera Prealpina com S.r.l., which
together serve nearly 30,000 gas customers in Italy. |
|
|
|
In May 2004, Thüga acquired 100 percent of the Italian
gas distributor Fin.Vicu-Group, which serves approximately
100,000 gas customers in Italy. |
|
|
|
In June 2004, Thüga acquired a 19.9 percent stake in
the Udine-based Italian municipal utility AMGA Azienda
Multiservizi S.p.A., which serves approximately 90,000 gas
customers in Italy. |
|
|
|
In June 2004, Thüga acquired the remaining
25.0 percent stake in Delta Gas S.r.l., an Italian gas
distribution company, and now holds all of the shares of this
company. |
|
|
|
In December 2004, Thüga sold its 15.05 percent stake
in MVV to EnBW as a result of an agreement between E.ON AG and
EnBW. |
|
|
|
During 2004, Thüga transferred its shareholdings in the
following five Thuringian municipal utilities to the German
distributor TEAG, a majority shareholding of E.ON Energie:
Energieversorgung Apolda GmbH (25.1 percent),
Energieversorgung Greiz GmbH (24.5 percent),
Energieversorgung Nordhausen GmbH (27.9 percent),
Energiewerke Zeulenroda GmbH (24.5 percent) and Stadtwerke
Weimar Stadtversorgungs-GmbH (25.1 percent). |
Ruhrgas Industries: E.ON Ruhrgas industrial
activities are held by Ruhrgas Industries. These activities are
divided into the metering and industrial furnaces businesses. In
2004, the revenues of Ruhrgas Industries were
1.2 billion,
or 8.3 percent of the total revenues of E.ON Ruhrgas.
Ruhrgas Industries has subsidiaries in more than 30 countries
worldwide.
Ruhrgas Industries does not form part of E.ON Ruhrgas core
gas business. Management has therefore decided to actively
pursue the disposal of these operations during the course of
2005, subject to market conditions.
Metering. The metering business comprises two divisions:
gas measurement and control, and electricity and water metering.
Activities in gas measurement and control are conducted by G.
Kromschröder AG, Elster GmbH, American Meter Company,
Instromet International N.V. and their respective subsidiaries.
Products include gas meters and regulators for household use,
industrial purposes and bulk metering in the supply,
transmission and production of gas. In addition, safety and
control systems and components are produced for the water heater
market and for uses related to process heating. In the area of
electricity and water meters, the Elster Metering Group produces
electricity and water meters for households, utilities and
industrial customers. The main companies of the Elster Metering
Group are Elster Electricity LLC, Elster Metering Ltd., AMCo
Water Metering Systems Inc., Elster Messtechnik GmbH, Elster
Iberconta S.A. and Elster Medidores S.A. Ruhrgas
Industries electricity and water meters business was
partly acquired from ABB in December 2002 and has been
consolidated within E.ON Ruhrgas as of this date. An additional
seven units were transferred to Ruhrgas Industries during the
course of 2003 and 2004. The main competitors of the metering
division are Actaris, Badger, General Electric, Emerson Process
Management, Landis & Gyr, Itron, Neptune and Sensus.
Sales of the metering division totaled
956.3 million
in 2004.
Industrial Furnaces. The companies in the industrial
furnaces division produce large industrial furnaces for heating,
heat-treating and melting steel and non-ferrous metals, as well
as plants for heat treatment of parts and components using
controlled atmosphere and vacuum technology. The main companies
in the division are LOI Thermprocess GmbH and Ipsen
International GmbH. The main competitors of the industrial
furnaces
60
division are Techint-Italimpianti, Chugai Ro, Ebner, Stein
Heurtey and Aichelin. Sales of the industrial furnaces division
totaled
248.0 million
in 2004.
Along with oil and lignite/ hard coal, natural gas is one of the
three primary sources of energy used in Germany. Gas is
currently used for a little more than 20 percent of
Germanys energy consumption and satisfies about a third of
the energy demand of the German industrial and
commercial/residential sectors. Competing sources of energy
include electricity and coal in all sectors, gas oil and
district heating in the commercial/ residential sector and gas
oil and heavy fuel oil in the industrial sector. Natural gas is
also used, but to a more limited extent, as an energy source for
power stations. Since the 1970s, natural gas has made particular
gains in the residential space heating market, where it is
marketed as a modern and environmentally-friendly energy source
for heating homes. At year-end 2004, approximately
47 percent of German homes were heated using gas, making
gas the leading energy source for this market. In 2004, gas was
chosen as the heating method for approximately 75 percent of new
homes under construction.
The German gas market has always been characterized by
competition. Approximately 18 independent companies are active
in the regional and supraregional distribution of gas.
Competition has increased since the early 1990s, when Wingas
entered the gas transmission market by building its own pipeline
infrastructure. Wingas pipeline network currently has a
length of more than 2,000 km, compared with the E.ON Ruhrgas
pipeline network length of over 11,000 km. The market entry of
Wingas has led to increased price competition not only in areas
close to the Wingas system, but all over Germany.
Within the German gas market, E.ON Ruhrgas competes with
domestic and foreign gas companies, the gas subsidiaries of oil
producers and pure trading companies. Major domestic competitors
include RWE Energy, Shell and ExxonMobil as successors of the
former BEB sales division, VNG and Wingas, while foreign
competitors include Gaz de France, BP Energie, Econgas,
Ecoswitch, Essent and Nuon. E.ON Ruhrgas currently enjoys a
strong market position, supplying approximately 57 percent
of all gas consumed in Germany in 2003. Nevertheless, E.ON
Ruhrgas considers competition in the German gas market to be
vigorous, with both new and established competitors vying for
the business of E.ON Ruhrgas direct and indirect
customers. This is partly due to the association agreements that
currently determine the rules of negotiated third party access,
which have intensified competition by facilitating market entry
for third parties. Third party access has developed dynamically
since 2000 when the first association agreement was signed. E.ON
Ruhrgas believes it was able to successfully compete in 2004 by
remaining flexible in its contract and price negotiations and by
offering attractive terms and services to its established and
potential customers. Due to likely increasing competition in the
transmission business in Germany, however, E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport may not be able to renew some of its existing
transportation contracts when they expire, or to gain new
contracts. This may have the effect of leaving E.ON Ruhrgas
Transport with excess transmission capacity.
Gas prices in gas supply contracts are mostly linked to prices
for gas oil or heavy fuel oil. The prices for end consumers
fluctuate according to oil price developments as well, thereby
maintaining competitive prices compared to oil products
independent of oil price level. Gas prices in Germany are also
affected by applicable taxes on fossil fuels. In Germany,
customers in the commercial/residential sector pay gas prices
that include at least 0.67
cent/kWh in
duties and taxes, while industrial customers pay up to 0.47
cent/kWh in
duties and taxes. In 2004, global energy prices rose
significantly, though natural gas prices rose less steeply than
oil prices. Like other gas companies, E.ON Ruhrgas adjusted its
sales prices in 2004 to reflect the higher price levels. In
addition, rising oil prices led to further gas price increases
as of the beginning of 2005, and more increases are expected in
2005 due to the price linkage between oil and gas. For
information on investigations of gas prices charged by some
German utilities, including utilities in which E.ON Ruhrgas and
E.ON Energie hold interests, see Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors.
The ministerial approval required for E.ONs acquisition of
Ruhrgas contained certain requirements intended to promote
competition in the German gas market. For more information about
these requirements and actions taken by E.ON Ruhrgas, see
History and Development of the
Company Ruhrgas Acquisition. In connection
with an agreement reached with the Competition
Directorate-General of the European Commission,
61
E.ON Ruhrgas also introduced an entry/exit model for third party
access to its gas transmission system in November 2004. For
details, see Transmission System and
Storage E.ON Ruhrgas Transport. In E.ON
Ruhrgas opinion, these requirements and actions have had a
considerable influence on the competitive environment in
Germany. In addition, the Second Gas Directive and national gas
legislation being proposed to implement the Second Gas Directive
may change competition in the gas industry. See
Regulatory Environment. E.ON Ruhrgas
cannot currently predict the form and extent of those changes,
or whether the proposed changes will have a negative effect on
E.ON Ruhrgas ability to compete and results of operations.
See also Item 3. Key Information Risk
Factors.
Outside Germany, the gas markets in which E.ON Ruhrgas operates
are also subject to strong competition. The Company cannot
guarantee it will be able to compete successfully in the gas
markets in which it is already present or in new gas markets
E.ON Ruhrgas may enter.
In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas spent
42 million
on research and development (R&D) activities. As
a percentage of sales, R&D expenditures for E.ON Ruhrgas
were 0.3 percent in 2004, compared with 0.3 percent
for the eleven month period ended December 31, 2003. E.ON
Ruhrgas R&D efforts are focused on improving the
operation and monitoring of its pipeline system, improving the
competitive position of gas in its fields of application and
opening up new market segments for gas. R&D at E.ON Ruhrgas
is primarily conducted by each of the business units, which
pursue projects according to their respective competitive goals
and needs. In 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas continued work on
high-resolution remote sensing techniques to increase automation
and efficiency of pipeline monitoring and natural gas detection,
including a project to install remote monitoring systems in
helicopters. E.ON Ruhrgas also worked on a variety of other
projects meeting its R&D objectives, such as improving gas
measurement technology, developing low cost pipeline
rehabilitation, developing tank technology for natural gas
powered vehicles, testing gas fuel cell heaters, and developing
gas applications for the plastics processing industry. E.ON
Ruhrgas employed approximately 400 people in R&D activities
in 2004.
U.K.
The U.K. market unit is led by E.ON UK (formerly Powergen). E.ON
UK, a wholly-owned subsidiary of E.ON, is an integrated energy
company with its principal operations focused in the United
Kingdom. E.ON completed its acquisition of the Powergen Group on
July 1, 2002, and has, since the acquisition, managed its
operations as a separate market unit. For additional information
on E.ONs acquisition of the Powergen Group, including the
impairment charge recorded in 2002 in respect of the related
goodwill, see History and Development of the
Company Powergen Group Acquisition,
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Results of Operations and
Notes 4 and 11 a) to the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. In March 2003, E.ON transferred LG&E
Energy (E.ON UKs former principal U.S. operating
subsidiary) and its direct parent holding company to a direct
subsidiary of E.ON AG. See U.S. Midwest.
On July 5, 2004, Powergen was renamed E.ON UK and its
industrial and commercial retail business was rebranded as E.ON
Energy. E.ON UK continues to operate in the consumer and small
and medium enterprise segment of the U.K. energy market under
the Powergen brand.
E.ON UK is one of the leading integrated electricity and gas
companies in the United Kingdom. It was formed as one of the
four successor companies to the former Central Electricity
Generating Board as part of the privatization of the electricity
industry in the United Kingdom in 1989. In 1998, E.ON UK
acquired East Midlands Electricity plc, an electricity
distribution and supply company.
In October 2002, E.ON UK acquired the U.K. retail energy
business of TXU Group (along with certain other assets) for
2.1 billion,
net of
0.1 billion
cash acquired. The acquisition of the TXU Group retail business
has enabled E.ON UK to better balance its generation output with
its mass market retail demand, thereby reducing exposure to
wholesale price fluctuations.
62
In January 2004, E.ON UK completed the acquisition of Midlands
Electricity from Aquila Sterling Holdings LLC for
1.7 billion,
net of
0.1 billion
cash acquired. Aquila Sterling Holdings is a holding company
owned by two U.S. energy companies, Aquila (which holds a
majority interest) and FirstEnergy. The distribution network
operated by Midlands Electricity covers a geographical area
contiguous to that of E.ON UKs existing East Midlands
distribution network. The Midlands Electricity network contains
approximately 2.4 million customer connections which are
supplied by E.ON UKs retail business or by other
suppliers, and effectively doubles the size of E.ON UKs
distribution business, which is now operated as a single
business unit under the name Central Networks. E.ON UK also
acquired a number of other businesses in the transaction. These
include an electrical contracting operation and an electricity
and gas metering business in the United Kingdom, as well as
minority equity stakes in companies operating three generation
plants located in the United Kingdom, Turkey and Pakistan (see
Midlands Electricity Non-Distribution
Assets below).
In the United Kingdom, electricity generated at power stations
is delivered to consumers through an integrated transmission and
distribution system. For information about the principal
segments of the electricity industry, see
Central Europe Operations.
In the United Kingdom, E.ON UK and its associated companies are
actively involved in electricity generation, distribution,
retail and trading. All electricity transmission in England and
Wales is operated by National Grid Transco plc (National
Grid). As of December 31, 2004, E.ON U.K. owned or
through joint ventures had an attributable interest in 9,265 MW
of generation capacity, including 587 MW of CHP plants and 233
MW of operational wind and hydroelectric generation capacity.
E.ON UK also operates significant wholesale and retail gas
businesses and engages in gas trading, as well as offering fixed
line telephone services to its U.K. retail energy customers. The
company served approximately 8.8 million customer accounts
at December 31, 2004, including approximately
5.8 million electricity customer accounts, 2.8 million
gas customer accounts, 0.1 million telephone customer
accounts and 0.1 million industrial and commercial
electricity and gas customer accounts. E.ON UKs Central
Networks distribution business served 4.8 million customer
connections as of the end of 2004.
The U.K. market unit comprises the non-regulated business,
including energy wholesale (generation and energy trading) and
retail, the regulated distribution business, and other
activities, such as certain non-distribution assets and the E.ON
UK corporate center. In 2004, electricity accounted for
approximately 67 percent of E.ON UKs sales, gas
revenues accounted for approximately 32 percent and other
activities (including the fixed line telephone business)
accounted for approximately 1 percent. In 2004, E.ON UK had
total sales of
8.5 billion
and adjusted EBIT of
1.0 billion.
63
The following table sets forth the sources and sales channels of
electric power in E.ON UKs operations during each of 2004
and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
% |
Sources of Power |
|
million kWh |
|
million kWh |
|
Change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Own production(1)
|
|
34,916 |
|
35,881 |
|
-2.7 |
Purchased power from power stations in which E.ON UK has an
interest of 50 percent or less(1)
|
|
2,047 |
|
4,289 |
|
-52.3 |
Power purchased from other suppliers
|
|
47,087 |
|
53,622 |
|
-12.2 |
Power used for operating purposes, network losses and pump
storage
|
|
(1,976) |
|
(2,238) |
|
+11.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net power supplied(2)
|
|
82,074 |
|
91,554 |
|
-10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of Power |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mass market sales (residential customers and small and medium
sized enterprises)
|
|
36,189 |
|
37,450 |
|
-3.4 |
Industrial and commercial sales(3)
|
|
26,528 |
|
34,550 |
|
-23.2 |
Market sales
|
|
19,357 |
|
19,554 |
|
-1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net power sold(2)
|
|
82,074 |
|
91,554 |
|
-10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The decrease in power supplied by power stations in which E.ON
UK has an interest of 50 percent or less is due to E.ON UK
becoming the sole owner of the CDC power station in January
2004. This change also led to a corresponding increase in own
production, partially offsetting the overall decrease in own
production. |
|
(2) |
Excluding proprietary trading volumes. For information on
proprietary trading volumes, see Energy
Trading. |
|
(3) |
During 2004, the industrial and commercial sales business
focused on securing profitable customers, which resulted in
lower sales volumes in 2004 compared with 2003. |
The following table sets forth the sources and sales channels of
gas in E.ON UKs operations during each of the periods
presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
2004 |
|
2003 |
|
% |
Sources of Gas |
|
million kWh |
|
million kWh |
|
Change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term gas supply contracts
|
|
49,494 |
|
55,090 |
|
-10.2 |
Market purchases
|
|
126,400 |
|
115,581 |
|
+9.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gas supplied(1)
|
|
175,894 |
|
170,671 |
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale and Use of Gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas used for own generation
|
|
39,023 |
|
37,167 |
|
+5.0 |
Sales to industrial and commercial customers
|
|
35,946 |
|
35,611 |
|
+0.9 |
Sales to retail mass market customers
|
|
66,221 |
|
66,788 |
|
-0.8 |
Market sales
|
|
34,704 |
|
31,105 |
|
+11.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gas used and sold(1)
|
|
175,894 |
|
170,671 |
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excluding proprietary trading volumes. For information on
proprietary trading volumes, see Energy
Trading. |
64
E.ON UK primarily operates in the electricity generation, gas
shipping, electricity and gas trading and the electricity and
gas retail energy markets in Great Britain (England, Wales and
Scotland) and in the market for electricity distribution in
England.
Electricity. National demand for electricity in England
and Wales reported through the New Electricity Trading
Arrangements (NETA) was 315 TWh for the twelve
months ended December 31, 2004, compared with 305 TWh in
2003. In the medium term, E.ON UK expects electricity demand in
the United Kingdom to grow by an average of between 1 to
2 percent per annum under normal weather conditions. It
also expects a growing proportion of that demand to be met by
smaller CHP and renewable source power stations embedded within
local distribution networks.
The principal commercial features of the electricity industry in
the United Kingdom in recent years have been increasing
competition in supply through a principle of open access to the
transmission and distribution systems. Suppliers are free to
compete with each other in supplying electricity to consumers
anywhere within England, Wales and Scotland. All electricity
supply (retail) and distribution activities were separated
in England and Wales in 2001, splitting the market into a
liberalized supply sector and a regulated network distribution
sector.
On March 27, 2001, a new set of trading rules known as NETA
was introduced in England and Wales. NETA provides a
market-based framework for electricity trading and wholesale
sales, as well as a method of settling trading imbalances and a
mechanism for maintaining the stability of the network. Trading
activities are characterized by bilateral contracts for the
purchase and sale of bulk power and are carried out both on
exchanges and over the counter. The Office of Gas and
Electricity Markets (Ofgem) is responsible for
regulatory oversight of NETA.
Under the British Electricity Trading and Transmission
Arrangements, which are due to be introduced in April 2005,
arrangements similar to those provided under NETA will be
extended to the Scottish generation and retail markets. These
markets represent approximately 10 percent of the
electricity market in Great Britain as a whole and E.ON UK
expects that the new arrangements will allow it to compete more
effectively in Scotland.
The combined pressure of overcapacity, an increasingly
fragmented generation market and the introduction of NETA led to
significant downward pressure on wholesale electricity prices in
the period from 1999 through 2002, creating difficult trading
conditions for many companies. The largest electricity generator
in the United Kingdom, British Energy, required a government
loan to continue operating and a number of generators were
placed into administration.
However, since April 2003, increasing generation fuel costs,
security of supply concerns and expected future environmental
costs have combined to push up wholesale electricity prices for
forward delivery substantially. Baseload prices for fourth
quarter 2005 delivery increased from approximately GBP23 per MWh
in January 2004 up to a high of GBP40 per MWh in October 2004,
before retreating to GBP32 per MWh by December 2004. Short-term
electricity prices exhibited significant volatility during 2004
due mainly to volatile fuel input prices. In response to these
increases in wholesale prices, U.K. suppliers, including E.ON
UK, increased their retail electricity prices a number of times
during 2004, as explained in more detail in Retail
below.
Natural Gas. Wholesale gas prices in the United Kingdom
increased in absolute terms and were more volatile during 2004,
driven by higher oil prices and supply and demand imbalances in
the United Kingdom and continental Europe. Average day ahead
prices were 24.04 pence per therm during 2004, approximately
21 percent higher than during 2003. Although E.ON UK
purchases gas on both U.K. and international trading markets,
management believes that these price increases had little
material impact on the overall profitability of the U.K. market
unit during 2004, as E.ON UK managed to secure forward purchases
to cover most of its requirements in 2004, switched fuel sources
used by certain of its generating assets and increased retail
prices. As noted above, E.ON UK and all of its main competitors
either increased or announced increases in retail customer
prices during 2004.
65
Competition. E.ON UKs exposure to wholesale
electricity prices in the United Kingdom is partially hedged by
the balance provided by its retail business. The retail energy
market in the United Kingdom has consolidated over the last few
years into six major competitors. Based on data from
Datamonitor, Centrica, previously the monopoly gas supplier
branded as British Gas, is currently the market leader in terms
of size in both gas and electricity with approximately
18.5 million customer accounts. Following the acquisition
of TXUs U.K. retail business, E.ON UK has become the
second largest energy retailer with approximately
8.8 million accounts, followed by RWE Npower with
approximately 6 million accounts. The market is
characterized by substantial levels of customers switching
suppliers in any given year; approximately 50 percent of
customers in the United Kingdom have now switched either their
gas or electricity supplier since market liberalization.
However, churn levels, which measure the percentage of customers
switching suppliers, have fallen since 2002 as the market has
matured and E.ON UK has reduced its annual churn rate from
16.1 percent in 2003 to 15.4 percent in 2004.
Impact of Environmental Measures. The ongoing
implementation of environmental legislation is expected to have
a significant impact on the energy market in the United Kingdom
in coming years. In response, E.ON UK is increasing its
production of electricity from renewable sources, as described
in more detail below. Environmental measures of particular
importance include:
|
|
|
|
|
In April 2002, the U.K. government enacted a renewables
obligation requiring electricity retailers to source an
increasing amount of the electricity they supply to retail
customers from renewable sources. In the period from
April 1, 2002 until March 31, 2003, this renewables
obligation amounted to 3.0 percent of the power supplied by
electricity retailers to their retail customers; in the period
from April 1, 2003 until March 31, 2004, the
renewables obligation increased to 4.3 percent; in the
period from April 1, 2004 until March 31, 2005, the
renewables obligation increased to 4.9 percent; and in the
period from April 1, 2005 until March 31, 2006, the
renewables obligation will increase to 5.5 percent, rising
to a figure of 10.4 percent by 2010/2011. The government
has announced its intention to increase the renewables
obligation percentage to 15.4 percent by 2015/2016, though
the increase has not yet been approved by Parliament. The
requirement applies to all retail sales over a twelve-month
period beginning on April 1 of each year, and Renewables
Obligation Certificates (ROCs) are issued to
generators as evidence of qualified sourcing. ROCs are
tradeable, and retailers who fail to present Ofgem with ROCs
representing the full amount of their renewables obligation are
required to make a balancing payment in the amount of any
shortfall into a buy-out fund. Receipts from the buy-out fund
are re-distributed to holders of ROCs. |
|
|
|
To implement the EUs Emissions Trading Directive, the
United Kingdom introduced a greenhouse gas emissions allowance
trading scheme at the beginning of 2005. This scheme will
require companies to annually match carbon dioxide
(CO2) emissions with allowances issued free of charge
by the government. Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil
fuel-fired power plants with a thermal input exceeding
20 MW are included in this scheme. During 2004, the
government published a National Allocation Plan containing
initial proposals for the allocation of emission allowances to
current power plants, including those owned by E.ON UK.
E.ON UK expects emissions allowances for its power plants
to be allocated during 2005. |
|
|
|
The application in the United Kingdom of the EU Large Combustion
Plant Directive may prevent coal-powered generation facilities
that have not been fitted with specified sulphur oxide and
nitrous oxide reduction measures from operating for more than a
total of 20,000 hours starting in 2008. |
Further information on the emissions allowance trading scheme
and the Large Combustion Plant Directive is given in
Environmental Matters.
Non-regulated Business
During 2004, E.ON UKs power generation and energy
trading businesses were merged into a single business called
Energy Wholesale. This change was designed to
provide a greater strategic focus in the management of
E.ON UKs generation and trading activities and
reinforce the close operational ties between the two businesses.
For example, the energy trading business is responsible for
purchasing the fuel burned in power
66
stations that are managed by the generation business. The energy
trading business also decides whether E.ON UK should generate or
purchase electricity to cover its retail obligations, depending
upon the prevailing market price of electricity. However, for
the purpose of describing the business activities of E.ON UK the
two businesses are described separately since they each cover
distinct areas of activity.
E.ON UK focuses on maintaining a low cost, efficient and
flexible electricity generation business in order to compete
effectively in the wholesale electricity market. As of
December 31, 2004, E.ON UK owned either wholly, or through
joint ventures, power stations in the United Kingdom with an
attributable registered generating capacity of 9,265 MW,
including 587 MW of CHP plants and 50 MW of
hydroelectric plant, while its attributable portfolio of
operational wind capacity stood at 183 MW. The modest
decrease in E.ON UKs generation capacity during the year
reflected mothballing of the Killingholme plants, partially
offset by the acquisition of the outstanding 50.0 percent
interest in the CDC Module from Siemens Power Ventures, making
E.ON UK the sole owner of the plant. E.ON UKs share of the
generation market in Great Britain remained relatively stable in
2004, at approximately 10 percent.
E.ON UK generates electricity from a diverse portfolio of fuel
sources. In 2004, approximately 62 percent of E.ON
UKs electricity output (excluding that produced by CHP
schemes) was fuelled by coal and approximately 37 percent
by gas, with the remaining 1 percent being generated from
hydroelectric, wind and oil-fired plants. E.ON UK is continuing
its effort to secure a balanced and diverse portfolio of fuel
sources, giving it the flexibility to respond to market
conditions and to minimize costs.
E.ON UK also regularly monitors the economic status of its plant
in order to respond to changes in market conditions. This
flexibility was demonstrated during 2004, when E.ON UK shut down
two oil-fired units at Grain for the summer, and then returned
these two units for winter use later in the year. Work also
commenced at Killingholme to bring both modules back to service
at full capacity during 2005. Both actions were in response to
increasing market prices which made the resumed operation of
both plants economically attractive.
The following table sets forth details about E.ON UKs
electric power generation facilities in the United Kingdom,
including their total capacity, the stake held by E.ON UK and
the attributable capacity to E.ON UK for each facility as of
December 31, 2004, as well as their start-up dates:
E.ON UK ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON UKs Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Hard Coal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ironbridge U1(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Ironbridge U2(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Kingsnorth U1(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Kingsnorth U2(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Kingsnorth U3(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Kingsnorth U4(1)
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
485 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Ratcliffe U1(2)
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Ratcliffe U2(2)
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Ratcliffe U3(2)
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
Ratcliffe U4(2)
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
500 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,910 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cottam Development Centre (CDC) Module(3)
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
Connahs Quay U1
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
Connahs Quay U2
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON UKs Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Natural Gas (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Connahs Quay U3
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
Connahs Quay U4
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
345 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
Corby Module
|
|
|
401 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,181 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grain U1
|
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Grain U4
|
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
650 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other (including hydroelectric and wind farms)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Grain Aux GT1
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
1979 |
|
Grain Aux GT4
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
1980 |
|
Kingsnorth Aux GT1
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
Kingsnorth Aux GT4
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Ratcliffe Aux GT2
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
Ratcliffe Aux GT4
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Taylors Lane GT2
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
1981 |
|
Taylors Lane GT3
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
1979 |
|
Hydroelectric
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
1962 |
|
Wind farms(4)
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
various |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
various |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
502 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
488 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHP schemes
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
various |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Capacity
|
|
|
9,480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,265 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shutdown/ Mothballed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drakelow U9
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Drakelow U10
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Drakelow U12
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
333 |
|
|
|
1967 |
|
High Marnham U1
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
High Marnham U2
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
1960 |
|
High Marnham U3
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
1960 |
|
High Marnham U4
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
High Marnham U5
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
|
|
1962 |
|
Killingholme Mod 1
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
1992 |
|
Killingholme Mod 2
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
450 |
|
|
|
1993 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,844 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,844 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Biomass material co-fired during 2004. |
|
(2) |
In November 2003, E.ON UK obtained permission from the
responsible government agency to begin an 18 month trial
co-burning petcoke, a mixture of coal and oil, at Ratcliffe
power station. |
|
(3) |
In January 2004, E.ON UK acquired the outstanding
50.0 percent interest in the CDC Module from Siemens Power
Ventures, becoming the sole owner of the plant. |
|
(4) |
Scroby Sands wind farm commissioned as of December 31, 2004. |
In addition, E.ON UK owns Edenderry, which operates a
120 MW peat-fired plant in the Republic of Ireland.
68
As part of the Midlands Electricity transaction, E.ON UK
also acquired minority interests in companies that operate three
gas-fired power plants in the United Kingdom, Pakistan and
Turkey (see Midlands Electricity Non-Distribution
Assets below).
Nuclear. E.ON UK does not operate any nuclear power
plants.
Renewable Energy. E.ON UK plans to grow its
renewable electricity generation business in response to the
U.K. regulatory initiatives summarized above.
E.ON UKs wind generation projects are developed by
E.ON UK Renewables Holdings Limited (E.ON UK
Renewables). E.ON UK is already one of the leading
developers and owner/operators of wind farms in the United
Kingdom, with interests in 20 operational onshore and offshore
wind farms with total capacity of 197 MW, of which
183 MW is attributable to E.ON UK.
During 2004, E.ON UK completed construction of a large
offshore windfarm site with a capacity of approximately
60 MW at Scroby Sands off the coast of East Anglia. The
Scroby Sands project builds on E.ON UKs success in
commissioning the U.K.s first offshore wind farm at Blyth
during 2001. Additional onshore projects with an aggregate
capacity of approximately 16 MW are currently under
construction and potential projects with an aggregate capacity
of approximately 755 MW are now in the development phase.
In order to maximize its renewables capacity and optimize its
development focus, E.ON UK is now concentrating on wind
projects with a capacity of over 15 MW, rather than small
wind and hydro projects.
In addition to the planned expansion of its wind farm portfolio,
E.ON UK is developing a biomass capability, which burns
biological material derived from sustainable production methods.
During 2004, E.ON UK co-fired biomass materials at the
Kingsnorth and Ironbridge power stations, generating a total of
39 GWh by this method during 2004.
As a part of its balanced approach, E.ON UK seeks to
fulfill its renewables obligation through a combination of its
own generation, renewable energy purchased from other generators
under tradeable ROC contracts and direct payment of any residual
obligation into the buy-out fund. For the period from
April 1, 2003 to March 31, 2004, E.ON UK achieved
the 4.3 percent target under the renewables obligation
scheme described above.
CHP. E.ON UK also operates large scale CHP schemes.
CHP is an energy efficient technology which recovers heat from
the power generation process and uses it for industrial
processes such as steam generation, product drying,
fermentation, sterilizing and heating. E.ON UKs total
operational CHP electricity capacity at December 31, 2004
was 587 MW. Clients range across a number of sectors,
including pharmaceuticals, chemicals, paper and oil refining.
E.ON UKs energy trading unit engages in asset-based
energy marketing in gas and electricity markets to assist
E.ON UK in commercial risk management and the optimization
of its U.K. gross margin. The energy trading unit plays a key
role in E.ON UKs integrated electricity and gas
business in the United Kingdom by acting as the commercial
hub for all energy transactions. It manages price and
volume risks and seeks to maximize the integrated value from
E.ON UKs generation and customer assets.
Energy trading activities include:
|
|
|
|
|
Purchasing of coal, gas and oil for power stations; |
|
|
|
Dispatching generation and selling the electrical output and
ancillary services provided by E.ON UKs power
stations; |
|
|
|
Purchasing gas and electricity as required for
E.ON UKs retail portfolio; |
|
|
|
Managing the net position and risks of E.ON UKs
generation and retail portfolio; |
|
|
|
Managing renewable obligations for the retail portfolio through
long-term purchases and trading of ROCs; |
|
|
|
Purchasing and/or trading of other environmental products,
including Levy Exempt Certificates (issued in relation to the
U.K. Climate Change Levy) and emissions products (including
carbon permits); |
69
|
|
|
|
|
Trading of weather derivatives, which assist in hedging volume
variability in E.ON UKs retail business; and |
|
|
|
Achieving portfolio optimization and risk management. |
E.ON UK also engages in a controlled amount of proprietary
trading in gas, power, coal and oil markets in order to take
advantage of market opportunities and maintain the highest
levels of market understanding required to support its
optimization and risk management activities. The following table
sets forth E.ON UKs electricity and gas proprietary
trading volumes for 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
Electricity | |
|
Electricity | |
|
Gas | |
|
Gas | |
Proprietary Trading Volumes |
|
billion kWh | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
billion kWh(1) | |
|
billion kWh | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Energy bought
|
|
|
20.9 |
|
|
|
20.2 |
|
|
|
86.55 |
|
|
|
153.75 |
|
Energy sold
|
|
|
20.9 |
|
|
|
20.2 |
|
|
|
86.55 |
|
|
|
153.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross volume
|
|
|
41.8 |
|
|
|
40.4 |
|
|
|
173.1 |
|
|
|
307.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Proprietary gas trading volumes decreased significantly in 2004,
as risk limit restraints limited trading, reflecting both higher
prices and higher volatility in the gas market in 2004. |
In its energy trading operations, E.ON UK uses a
combination of bilateral contracts, forwards, futures and
options contracts and swaps traded over-the-counter or on
commodity exchanges. E.ON UK also undertakes relatively low
levels of trading in other commodities, including ROCs and
weather derivatives. All of E.ON UKs energy trading
operations, including its limited proprietary trading, are
subject to E.ONs risk management policies for energy
trading. For additional information on these policies and
related exposures, see Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
E.ON UK has in place a portfolio of fuel contracts of
varying volume, duration and price, reflecting market conditions
at the time of commitment. Coal contracts with a variety of
suppliers within the United Kingdom and overseas ensure that
supplies are secured for E.ON UKs coal-fired plants,
while maintaining enough flexibility to minimize the cost of
generation across the total generation portfolio.
E.ON UKs coal import facilities at Kingsnorth power
station and Gladstone Dock, Liverpool, provide secure access to
international coal supplies.
The supply of gas for E.ON UKs CCGT and CHP plants is
sourced through non-interruptible long-term gas supply contracts
with gas producers (certain of which contain take or pay
provisions), and through purchases on the forward and spot
markets. As of October 1, 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas became a
significant supplier of natural gas to E.ON UK pursuant to
a long-term supply contract between the parties. The agreed
framework for the E.ON Ruhrgas contract is essentially that of a
take or pay arrangement. Risk management
arrangements in respect of the volume and price risks associated
with E.ON UKs gas supply contracts are conducted
through trading on the spot, over-the-counter and bilateral
markets. For additional details on these contractual
commitments, see Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Contractual Obligations
and Notes 24 and 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
E.ON UK sells electricity, gas, fixed line telephone
services and other energy-related products to residential,
business and industrial customers throughout Great Britain. As
of December 31, 2004, E.ON UK supplied approximately
8.8 million customer accounts, of which 8.7 million
were residential and small and medium sized business customer
accounts and 0.1 million were industrial customer accounts.
During the year, there was a net increase in the total number of
customer accounts of approximately 0.1 million. This
increase reflected a significant increase in the number of gas
customers in the fourth quarter of 2004 following the
announcement by competitors of increased prices, that was
partially offset by reductions in accounts due to write-offs and
small net losses in the number of telecoms and electricity
customers. E.ON UK continues to focus on reducing the costs
of its retail business, through efficiency improvements, more
economical procurement of services and the utilization of lower
cost sales channels.
70
TXU Acquisition. The acquisition of the TXU Groups
U.K. retail business in 2002 more than doubled the size of
E.ON UKs retail business. E.ON UK has completed
the integration of the former TXU operations with its own retail
activities and has rebranded all of the former TXU services
under the Powergen brand. Residential and small and medium sized
customer activities are conducted at sites in the East Midlands,
while industrial and commercial activities are divided between
Coventry and Ipswich, where the former TXU Group activities were
headquartered. Synergy benefits realized include an overall
reduction of over 500 in the headcount of the combined retail
operations. The integration process also included
E.ON UKs re-negotiation of TXUs contract with
Vertex, a division of United Utilities plc which had provided
customer service support to TXU, to secure cost savings in the
provision of call-related support, as well as billing and
collection services to retail customers. The integration was
successfully completed in 2004, with full migration of customer
accounts to E.ON UK systems targeted for the first half of
2005.
Residential and Small and Medium Sized Business Customers.
The residential business had approximately 8.2 million
customer accounts as of December 31, 2004. The number of
accounts in the small and medium sized business sector totaled
approximately 0.5 million at year-end 2004. Approximately
66 percent of E.ON UKs residential customer
accounts are electricity customers, 33 percent are gas
customers and 1 percent are fixed line telephone customers.
Individual retail customers who buy more than one product
(i.e., electricity, gas or fixed line telephone services)
are counted as having a separate account for each product,
although they may choose to receive a single bill for all
E.ON UK-provided services. In the residential and small and
medium sized business customers sector, E.ON UK sold
36.2 TWh of electricity and 66.2 TWh of gas in 2004,
as compared with 37.4 TWh of electricity and 66.8 TWh
of gas in 2003.
E.ON UK targets residential and small and medium sized
business customers through national marketing activities such as
media advertising (including print, television and radio),
targeted direct mail, public relations and online campaigns
under its Powergen brand. E.ON UK also seeks to continue to
exploit the high level of national awareness of its Powergen
brand and has taken steps to enhance the strength of its brand,
including the sponsorship of high profile, national sports
competitions such as the Powergen Cups in Rugby Union and Rugby
League. E.ON UK is also the main sponsor for Ipswich Town,
a soccer team playing in the English Championship league.
In an environment of rising wholesale energy prices and
increasing environmental costs, E.ON UK and its competitors
implemented a number of electricity and gas price increases
affecting residential and small business users in 2004.
E.ON UKs cumulative increases amount to
16.4 percent for electricity and 18.5 percent for gas.
At the same time, E.ON UK has also implemented a package of
measures to limit the effects of rising wholesale costs on its
most vulnerable customers, including free cavity wall insulation
for customers aged 60 or older, halving the surcharge paid by
prepayment electricity customers and maintaining the former
prices for Age Concern Energy Services customers.
Industrial and Commercial. In the industrial and
commercial sector, E.ON UK sold 26.5 TWh of
electricity and 35.9 TWh of gas to approximately
0.1 million customer accounts in 2004, as compared with
34.6 TWh of electricity and 35.6 TWh of gas in 2003.
E.ON UKs focus in this area remains on acquiring and
retaining the most profitable contracts available.
Regulated Business
The distribution business in the United Kingdom is effectively a
natural monopoly within the area covered by the existing network
due to the cost of providing an alternative distribution
network. Accordingly, it is highly regulated. However, new
distribution licenses are available for network developments,
including for those areas already covered by an existing
distribution license, and electricity distribution could also
face indirect competition from alternative energy sources such
as gas. For details on the license system, see
Regulatory Environment U.K.
East Midlands Electricity Distribution plc (EME) and
Midlands Electricity, both wholly-owned subsidiaries of
E.ON UK, own, manage and operate two electricity
distribution networks servicing the East and West
71
Midlands areas of England, respectively. The combined service
areas cover approximately 11,312 square miles, extending from
the Welsh border in the West to the Lincolnshire coast in the
East and from Chesterfield in the North to the northern
outskirts of Bristol in the South and containing a resident
population of approximately ten million people. The
networks distribute electricity to approximately
4.8 million homes and businesses in the combined service
areas, and virtually all electricity supplied to consumers in
the service areas (whether by E.ON UKs retail
business or by other suppliers) is transported through the EME
or Midlands Electricity distribution network.
E.ON UK has begun an integration process for the EME and
Midlands Electricity distribution businesses which it expects
will result in more efficient operations as well as cost
savings. E.ON UK has combined the two distribution networks
in a single business, which is called Central
Networks. This combined business is managed by a
centralized management team, and uses the same network
management methodologies and staff to operate both networks but
maintains the current, separate distribution licenses.
E.ON UK is pursuing a rapid integration program with the
goal of achieving a substantial reduction in operating costs
within the first three years of integration. Around
700 staff performing administrative and overhead functions
are expected to leave the business and the number of sites will
be reduced from 52 to 34 by mid-2005. In addition, about 25
information systems projects are progressing according to plan.
E.ON UK will also seek further improvements in the business
by continuing to develop the metering and connections businesses.
The following table sets forth the total distribution of
electric power by E.ON U.K.s business for each of the
periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
Total | |
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
% | |
Distribution of Power to |
|
million kWh | |
|
million kWh | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Large non-domestic customers(1)
|
|
|
26,610 |
|
|
|
13,684 |
|
|
|
+94.5 |
|
Domestic and small non-domestic customers(1)
|
|
|
30,583 |
|
|
|
15,665 |
|
|
|
+95.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
57,193 |
|
|
|
29,349 |
|
|
|
+94.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The increase in volumes is primarily attributable to the
first-time inclusion of Midlands Electricity. |
Distribution customers are billed on the basis of published
tariffs, which are set by the company and adhere to Ofgems
price control formulas. The existing price controls are due to
be reset with effect from April 1, 2005. Ofgem began work
to review these price controls in 2002. In November 2004 the
electricity distribution price control review culminated with
Ofgems final proposals for the new price controls to run
from April 2005 until March 2010. The final proposals set out
the allowed income for investing in and operating the network,
as well as five-year performance targets. E.ON UK accepted
Ofgems final proposals in principle in December 2004.
Other
In 2004, E.ON UK completed the divestment of its Asian
asset management business, which consisted of its
35.0 percent interest in PT Jawa Power, owner of a
1,220 MW plant at Paiton in Indonesia, and 100 percent
of the associated operations and maintenance company, PT Jawa
Power Timur. In January 2004, E.ON UK reached an agreement
to sell this stake to Keppel Energy Pte Ltd (Keppel
Energy) and Electric Power Development Co Ltd
(J-Power). In April 2004, an existing shareholder,
PT Bumipertiwi Tatapradipta (Bumipertiwi), exercised
its pre-emption rights over this sale, and E.ON UK
therefore terminated the agreement with Keppel and J-Power. In
August 2004, E.ON UK entered into agreements with
Bumipertiwi and YTL Power International (YTL PI)
reflecting Bumipertiwis exercise of its pre-emption rights
and subsequent sale of its interest to YTL PI. E.ON UK
completed the disposal of this investment in December 2004.
|
|
|
Midlands Electricity Non-Distribution Assets |
E.ON UK also acquired a number of non-distribution
businesses in the Midlands Electricity transaction. These
include an electrical contracting operation and an electricity
and gas metering business in the United
72
Kingdom, as well as minority equity stakes in companies
operating three electricity generation plants. These consisted
of a 26.7 percent interest in Teeside Power Ltd
(TPL), which owns and operates a 1,700 MW CCGT
plant in England, a 40.0 percent interest in Uch Power Ltd,
which owns and operates a 586 MW CCGT plant in Pakistan,
and a 31.0 percent interest in Trakya Electric Uretin ve
Ticaret A.S., which owns and operates a 478 MW CCGT plant
in Turkey. E.ON UK agreed to sell its interest in Uch Power
to International Power plc in March 2004, and completed such
sale in February 2005. On December 22, 2004, E.ON UK
sold its 7.5 percent indirect interest in TPL to Enron
Europe Power 3 Ltd, TPLs majority shareholder. The
continued ownership of the remaining 19.2 percent interest
in TPL, which is directly held by Midlands Electricity, is under
review. E.ON UK has decided to retain the electricity and
gas metering services business within Central Networks, as well
as core parts of the contracting business, but has decided to
close or sell the non-core parts of the contracting business.
NORDIC
As of December 31, 2003, as part of E.ONs
reorganization of its core energy business into new market
units, E.ON transferred E.ON Nordic from a subsidiary of E.ON
Energie to E.ON AG. Effective as of January 1, 2004,
E.ON Nordic leads the new market unit Nordic.
E.ON Nordics principal business is the generation,
distribution, marketing, sale and trading of electricity, gas
and heat, mainly in Sweden and Finland. It operates through the
two integrated energy companies Sydkraft, the second-largest
Swedish utility (on the basis of electricity sales and
production capacity), and E.ON Finland. E.ON Nordic and its
associated companies are actively involved in the ownership and
operation of power generation facilities. Through Sydkraft and
E.ON Finland, E.ON Nordic owns interests in power stations with
a total installed capacity of approximately 16,317 MW, of
which its attributable share is approximately 7,971 MW (not
including mothballed and shutdown power plants). E.ONs
interest in E.ON Finland is currently the subject of arbitration
proceedings. See E.ON Finland below.
In 2004, electricity accounted for approximately 69 percent
of E.ON Nordics sales, heat revenues accounted for
approximately 15 percent, gas revenues accounted for
approximately 6 percent and other activities accounted for
approximately 10 percent. In 2004, E.ON Nordic had total
sales of
3.3 billion
(including
395 million
of energy taxes) and adjusted EBIT of
701 million.
Sydkraft accounted for
3.1 billion
or approximately 92 percent of this sales total, while E.ON
Finland accounted for the remaining
257 million
or approximately 8 percent of E.ON Nordics sales.
Sydkraft. As of December 31, 2003, as a result of
E.ONs on.top project, E.ON AG holds Sydkraft directly
through E.ON Nordic. In 2004, E.ON Nordic was the largest
shareholder in Sydkraft with a 55.2 percent equity and a
56.6 percent voting interest. Statkraft, the remaining major
minority shareholder in Sydkraft, has a put option allowing it
to sell any or all of its 44.6 percent equity interest in
Sydkraft to E.ON Energie at any time through December 15,
2007 (the termination date having been extended by two years in
2003).
Sydkraft is active in the generation, distribution, marketing
and sale of electricity. In 2004, it had a total installed
generation capacity of 7,773 MW and generated
32,133 million kWh of electricity. Sydkraft generated
about 54 percent of its electric power at nuclear power plants
and about 42 percent at hydroelectric plants in 2004. The
remaining 4 percent was generated using fuel oil, hard
coal, biomass, natural gas, wind power and waste. Sydkraft also
supplies gas, is active in the heat and waste business and
conducts electricity trading activities. In 2004, Sydkraft had
sales of
3.1 billion.
Electricity contributed approximately 70 percent, heat
14 percent, gas 5 percent and other 10 percent of
2004 sales. Other sales are mainly attributable to the waste
business, as well as the companys remaining non-core
activities ElektroSandberg AB and Sydkraft Bredband AB. Sydkraft
traded a total of approximately 64 TWh of electricity in 2004
(including both purchases and sales). Sydkraft is primarily
active in Sweden. The company also operates to a minor degree in
Finland, Denmark and Poland. In 2004, Sydkraft estimated that it
supplied about 14 percent of the electricity consumed by
end users in Sweden.
In November 2003, Sydkraft increased its stake in the Swedish
utility Graninge to a majority shareholding and fully
consolidated Graninge. As of year-end 2003, Sydkraft held
79.0 percent of Graninge. The stake in
73
Graninge increased to 100.0 percent by June 2004 following
the completion of a mandatory tender offer. See also
History and Development of the
Company Other Significant Events.
Graninges service territory partially borders that of
Sydkraft. By working together more closely, the two utilities
are expected to achieve cost savings, particularly in their
generation, distribution, and retail operations. In addition,
Graninge has successfully established activities in the
Stockholm region, which complement Sydkrafts other
operations in Sweden. Sydkraft began an integration process for
Graninge in early 2004, which is expected to be completed by the
end of 2005.
In September 2004, E.ON agreed further details regarding its
agreement in principle with the Norwegian energy company
Statkraft to sell a portion (1.6 TWh) of the generation
capacity that Sydkraft had acquired as part of the Graninge
acquisition to its minority shareholder Statkraft. This
corresponds to approximately 5 percent of Sydkrafts
annual electricity production, and approximately 50 percent
of the capacity it acquired with the majority of Graninge. E.ON
expects that contract negotiations will be completed in the
first half of 2005. The purchase price is expected to be
approximately
500 million.
In 2004 and the beginning of 2005, Sydkraft disposed of a number
of smaller non-core businesses for overall proceeds of
approximately
15 million.
In addition, Sydkraft reached an agreement in principle with
E.DIS, a subsidiary of E.ON Energie, to sell its Polish heat
activities to E.DIS. The transaction is expected to be completed
in the first half of 2005.
On January 8 and 9, 2005, a severe storm hit Sweden and
devastated large areas of forest in southern Sweden. This had a
serious effect on the distribution grid, which in some areas was
destroyed. Approximately 420,000 households in Sweden, including
approximately 250,000 Sydkraft customers, were affected by power
outages. Some customers, including Sydkraft customers, were left
without electricity for several weeks. All households, with the
exception of a few currently uninhabited summer homes, were
reconnected to their electricity supply within a period of six
weeks. Sydkraft estimates that the cost for rebuilding its
distribution grid and compensating customers will total
approximately
164 million.
Sydkraft expects to change its legal name to E.ON Sverige AB
(E.ON Sverige) in 2005. The Company believes that
the rebranding to E.ON Sverige will positively affect E.ON
Nordics retail operations and that rebranding will allow
for more efficient Group brand management.
E.ON Finland. E.ON Nordic also holds a majority
shareholding in E.ON Finland (formerly Espoon Sähkö
Oyj). In 2004, E.ON Nordic was the largest shareholder in E.ON
Finland with a 65.6 percent stake. The city of Espoo, the
former majority shareholder in E.ON Finland, retains a
34.2 percent stake and the remaining 0.2 percent of
E.ON Finland, which is listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange, is
held by other shareholders. In September 2001, when E.ON Nordic
acquired its shareholding in E.ON Finland, E.ON Nordic and the
city of Espoo entered into a shareholders agreement, which
contains restrictions regarding the transfer of shares in E.ON
Finland. In April 2002, E.ON Nordic entered into a call option
agreement, in which the Finnish company Fortum Power and Heat Oy
(Fortum Power) was granted a call option in relation
to E.ON Nordics entire shareholding in E.ON Finland; the
call option can be exercised in the first quarter of 2005, but
any sale is subject to certain legal restrictions pursuant to
the shareholders agreement with the city of Espoo. Fortum
Power was aware of the content of the shareholders
agreement, including these restrictions, when it entered into
the call option agreement. The shareholders agreement has
thereafter been amended but still contains restrictions
regarding the transfer of shares in E.ON Finland. On
January 17, 2005, E.ON Nordic received notice from Fortum
Power that Fortum Power wished to exercise its call option. E.ON
Nordic has notified Fortum Power that E.ON Nordic is not in a
position to transfer its shares to Fortum Power due to
statements of the city of Espoo based on the restrictions as
contained in the shareholders agreement. On
February 3, 2005, Fortum Power filed a request for
arbitration seeking to enforce its call option. No assurance can
be given as to the outcome of these proceedings.
E.ON Finland is active in the generation, distribution,
marketing and sale of electricity and heat, as well as the
supply of gas in Finland, primarily in the Espoo region near
Helsinki and in the Joensuu region. In 2004, it had a total
installed generation capacity of 198 MW and generated
977 million kWh of electricity. E.ON Finland generated
about 38 percent of its electric power at coal-fired power
plants and about 36 percent at gas-fired plants in 2004.
The remaining 26 percent was generated using biomass and
hydroelectric plants. In 2004, E.ON Finland
74
had sales of
257 million.
Electricity contributed approximately 62 percent, heat
35 percent, and other 3 percent of 2004 sales. E.ON
Finland also has an electricity trading business and traded a
total of approximately 42 TWh of electricity in 2004
(including both purchases and sales).
In 2004, E.ON Finland estimated that it supplied about
7 percent of the electricity consumed by end users in
Finland.
In the Nordic region, electricity generated at power stations is
delivered to consumers through an integrated transmission and
distribution system. For information about the principal
segments of the electricity industry, see
Central Europe Operations.
E.ON Nordic and its associated companies are actively involved
in electricity generation, distribution, retail and trading.
The following table sets forth the sources and sales channels of
electric power in E.ON Nordics operations during each of
2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 |
|
Total 2003 |
|
% |
Sources of Power |
|
million kWh |
|
million kWh |
|
Change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Own generation
|
|
33,110 |
|
25,595 |
|
+29.4 |
Purchased power from jointly owned power stations
|
|
11,030 |
|
10,013 |
|
+10.2 |
Power purchased from outside sources
|
|
7,376 |
|
6,742 |
|
+9.4 |
Total power procured(1)
|
|
51,516 |
|
42,350 |
|
+21.6 |
Power used for operating purposes, network losses and pump
storage
|
|
(2,054) |
|
(1,806) |
|
-13.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
49,462 |
|
40,544 |
|
+22.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of Power |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Residential customers
|
|
9,132 |
|
6,613 |
|
+38.1 |
Commercial customers
|
|
14,454 |
|
13,496 |
|
+7.1 |
Sales partners(2)/Nordpool
|
|
25,876 |
|
20,435 |
|
+26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total(1)
|
|
49,462 |
|
40,544 |
|
+22.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excluding physically-settled electricity trading activities.
Nordics physically-settled electricity trading activities
(including both purchases and sales) amounted to 44 million
kWh and 40 million kWh in 2004 and 2003, respectively. |
|
(2) |
Sales partners are co-owners in E.ON Nordics
majority-owned power plants, primarily nuclear power plants, to
which E.ON Nordic sells electricity at prices equal to the cost
of production. |
In 2004, E.ON Nordic procured a total of 51,516 kWh of
electricity, including 2,054 kWh used for operating purposes,
network losses and pumped storage. E.ON Nordic purchased a total
of 11,030 kWh of power from power stations in which it has an
interest of 50 percent or less. In addition, E.ON Nordic
purchased 7,376 kWh of electricity from other sources, mainly
from the Nordpool power exchange. In 2004, own generation
volumes increased by approximately 3.2 billion kWh due to
the Graninge acquisition and by approximately 4.3 billion
kWh in existing operations, primarily as a result of the
improving hydrological situation, as well as the higher
availability of nuclear power plants compared with 2003. Sales
to residential and commercial customers increased by
approximately 3.5 billon kWh in 2004, mainly due to the
full-year inclusion of Graninge, while sales to sales partners
and Nordpool increased by approximately 5.4 billion kWh in
2004 due to increased hydroelectric and nuclear power
generation. See Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Results of
Operations Year Ended December 31, 2004
Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2003
Nordic.
75
In 2004, E.ON Nordic supplied approximately 6 percent of
the electricity consumed by end users in the Nordic countries.
E.ON Nordic also operates wholesale and retail gas businesses in
Sweden, Denmark and Finland. The following table sets
forth the sources and sales channels of gas in E.ON
Nordics operations during each of 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 |
|
Total 2003 |
|
% |
Sources of Gas |
|
million kWh |
|
million kWh |
|
Change |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Long-term gas supply contracts
|
|
9,252 |
|
9,014 |
|
+2.6 |
Market purchases
|
|
402 |
|
602 |
|
-33.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gas supplied
|
|
9,654 |
|
9,616 |
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sale and Use of Gas |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas used for own generation
|
|
2,539 |
|
2,637 |
|
-3.7 |
Sales to industrial and distribution customers
|
|
6,963 |
|
6,798 |
|
+2.4 |
Sales to residential customers
|
|
152 |
|
181 |
|
-16.0 |
Market sales
|
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total gas used and sold(1)
|
|
9,654 |
|
9,616 |
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Total gas used and sold increased in 2004 due to the first-time
full year inclusion of Graninge. This effect was, however,
almost entirely offset by lower sales in the existing
operations, mainly reflecting lower consumption of selected
industrial customers and slightly higher average temperatures in
2004. |
Electricity. The electricity markets in Sweden and
Finland have undergone major and far-reaching changes since the
mid-1990s. Electricity market reforms have been instituted in
both countries with the goal of increasing efficiency and
keeping electricity prices low. Market integration and increased
competition were seen as means to attain this objective.
Privatization has not been an objective, and consequently the
degree of public ownership in the electricity supply industry is
essentially unaffected by the electricity market reforms.
The first major step in Swedish market reform was taken in 1991,
with the decision to separate transmission from generation.
Svenska Kraftnät, established to manage the Swedish main
transmission network, started operating in 1992. The networks
were gradually opened to new participants, and legislation
providing for competition became effective January 1, 1996.
Finland instituted market competition beginning June 1,
1995. In 1997, Finland merged the grid operations of its two
companies into a single national grid company, Fingrid.
Today, the key feature of the Swedish and Finnish electricity
markets is that there is a strict separation between the natural
monopoly and the competitive parts of the industry. Thus,
transmission and distribution, which are seen as natural
monopolies, are separated from generation, retail sales and
trading. In order to make competition in generation and retail
sales possible, third party access to transmission and
distribution networks is guaranteed. The prices and quality of
transmission and distribution services are subject to regulation
by a sector-specific regulator in each country. Moreover, in
each country a central transmission system operator is
responsible for the stability of the system. Thus, although
there is a common spot market and free trade across the national
borders, system control remains a national responsibility.
Following deregulation, the electricity trading market in
Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark (the Nordic
countries) is a liquid and transparent commodity market
with trading taking place through the Nordic electricity
exchange Nordpool. The market participants at Nordpool include
power generators, distributors, industrial companies, other end
users and portfolio managers. The electricity exchange markets
consist of a spot market (delivery in the next 24-hour period),
a financial market (contracts of up to four years for longer
term hedging) and clearing operations. The current volume of
electricity traded at the Nordpool spot market exchange is equal
to approximately 30 percent of underlying consumption in
the Nordic countries. As a result, pricing in
76
the Nordic market has become increasingly efficient, with
reduced transaction costs and high transparency. In addition,
the exchange price is used as a reference price for a large part
of bilateral trading contracts. The prices on the spot and
forward markets are generally used as the basis for sales
contracts with end customers.
The electricity supply system in the Nordic countries is highly
dependent on the hydro power systems in Norway and Sweden. The
inflow of water in the two countries is generally well
correlated, i.e. low inflow in Norway usually coincides
with a low inflow in Sweden. On a region-wide basis, this means
that hydro power generation varies widely between dry and rainy
years. In a normal year, total hydro power generation in the
Nordic countries amounts to approximately 190-200 TWh. Hydro
power has relatively low variable costs and is therefore the
generation source that is the first to be put to use (base
load). When the water level of hydro power reservoirs decreases,
other sources of power generation have to be put into operation
at increasing marginal cost. Although long-term precipitation is
relatively stable in the region, wide variations occur in the
short term both within individual years and between years. As a
result, the price on the Nordpool electricity spot market can
vary widely both within a given year and between years.
In 2003, which was a dry year, the total volume of electrical
energy generated by hydro power in the Nordic countries was 168
TWh. The system price, i.e. the traded price on Nordpool,
reached levels of over 200 öre/kWh in the beginning of 2003
and did not drop below 30 öre/kWh until the end of March.
Compared to this, prices in earlier years exceeded 30
öre/kWh only on a few occasions. During the summer of 2003,
the price decreased to 20 öre/kWh, and then rose to levels
between 25 and 30 öre/kWh during the autumn and winter. In
2004, the total volume of electrical energy generated by hydro
power was 177 TWh, mainly due to low reservoir levels in the
first three quarters of 2004 that were primarily attributable to
the dry weather in 2003. Electricity prices in Sweden remained
stable during that time at levels around 30 öre/kWh. Prices
on the spot market as well as on the forward markets had a peak
during summer and early autumn, with the spot price reaching
levels of almost 40 öre/kWh. By the fourth quarter, more
normal levels of rainfall during the course of the year allowed
reservoir levels to recover and at year-end reservoirs were near
normal levels. At year-end, electricity spot prices were quoted
at levels around 20 öre/kWh.
Electricity consumption in the Nordic countries decreased during
2002 and 2003, before recovering in 2004. In 2001 there was a
demand of 393 TWh, which fell in 2002 to 388 TWh and in 2003 to
380 TWh, with the decrease in demand being due to high
electricity prices following the extremely dry autumn of 2002.
In 2004, electricity consumption recovered to around 390 TWh.
In May 2003, the Swedish government introduced an electricity
certificate system to support renewable electrical energy. This
is a market-based support system in which the price of the
electricity certificates is the result of the relationship
between supply and demand on the electricity certificate market.
The aim of the system is to increase the volume of electricity
produced from renewable sources by 10 TWh by 2010 as compared
with the 2002 level. Electricity certificates are granted by the
Swedish government to generators of electricity from renewable
sources. For every MWh of electricity produced from such sources
the generator is given one certificate that it can sell in
addition to the electricity generated. In order to create a
demand for electricity certificates, it is mandatory for most
electricity end users (including residential customers) to
purchase a certain number of certificates in proportion to their
consumption. This is known as the quota obligation. During 2003,
the average quota obligation amounted to 7.4 percent of
electricity consumed from May 1 to December 31. In 2004, the
average quota obligation amounted to 8.1 percent over the
full year. The quota obligation is scheduled to gradually
increase up to 16.9 percent in 2010. Any applicable end
user who fails to meet this quota obligation must instead pay a
quota obligation charge to the Swedish government. Electricity
certificates may be traded.
E.ON Nordics main competitors in the Nordic generation
market are the Swedish energy company Vattenfall AB
(Vattenfall), the Finnish utility Fortum and the
Norwegian energy company Statkraft. Vattenfall and Fortum are
also the main competitors of Sydkraft in the Swedish retail
market. Fortum is the main competitor of E.ON Finland in the
Finnish retail market.
Natural Gas. The Swedish gas pipeline system is
constructed along the western coast of Sweden, starting in
Dragör, Denmark and ending in Gothenburg, Sweden. Gas
represents 20 percent of the total energy supply in this
region, while at the national level, it comprises somewhat less
than 2 percent of Swedens total energy supply. In
2004, gas consumption in Sweden amounted to approximately 10
TWh. The Swedish gas market is
77
characterized by a small number of companies and a high degree
of vertical integration. There are currently about ten
competitors active in the Swedish market, with Sydkraft
accounting for the distribution and sale of approximately half
of all gas distributed and sold in Sweden in 2004. The major
competitors in the end customer market are municipally owned
companies with customers mainly in the geographic area of their
municipality. The most important of those are Göteborgs
Energi, Öresundskraft and Lunds Energi. In addition, the
Danish gas company DONG competes in the Swedish gas market.
Deregulation in the Swedish gas market is ongoing and the final
steps will be taken during 2005. Deregulations first major
impact on the natural gas market came in 2003 when large
customers (with an annual consumption of more than
15 million
m3)
became free to sign separate supply and distribution contracts.
As of July 2005, all non-household customers will have the
ability to enter into separate contracts. By the end of 2005,
Sydkraft expects the deregulated volume to represent
approximately 90 percent of the total gas sales volume in
the Swedish market. Current contracts for most gas customers
require one year notice before they can be terminated. To date,
few industrial customers have terminated their contracts with
Sydkraft in advance of the market opening.
District Heating. District heating supplies residential
buildings, commercial premises and industries with heat for
space heating and domestic hot water production.
In Sweden, most district heating companies are still owned by
municipalities, although the current trend is for large energy
groups to acquire municipal companies. Sydkraft is actively
participating in this privatization process. District heating is
not price-controlled. The price of competing alternatives
serves, however, as a ceiling for the prices that district
heating companies can charge. Similar to Sweden, Finland does
not regulate district heating prices or revenues.
General. E.ON Nordic owns interests in electric power
generation facilities in Sweden and Finland with a total
installed capacity of approximately 16,317 MW, its attributable
share of which is approximately 7,971 MW (not including
mothballed, shutdown or reduced power plants).
E.ON Nordic generates electricity primarily at nuclear and
hydroelectric power plants, with a small percentage generated at
other types of power plants. In 2004, approximately
53 percent of E.ON Nordics electric output was
fuelled by nuclear, 40 percent by hydroelectric, and the
remaining 7 percent by other fuels including oil, hard
coal, biomass, natural gas, wind and waste.
Based on the consolidation principles under U.S. GAAP, E.ON
Nordic reports 100 percent of revenues and expenses from
majority-owned power plants in its consolidated accounts without
any deduction for minority interests. Conversely,
50 percent and minority-owned power plants are accounted
for by the equity method. Power generation in jointly owned
plants is generally reported based on E.ONs ownership
percentage.
The following table sets forth E.ON Nordics major electric
power generation facilities (including cogeneration plants), the
total capacity, the stake held by Sydkraft or E.ON Finland and
the capacity attributable to Sydkraft or E.ON Finland for each
facility as of December 31, 2004, and their start-up dates.
E.ON NORDIC ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sydkrafts/E.ON | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finlands Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Nuclear
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barsebäck 2(S)
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
Forsmark 1(S)
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
1980 |
|
Forsmark 2(S)
|
|
|
954 |
|
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
1981 |
|
Forsmark 3(S)
|
|
|
1,185 |
|
|
|
10.8 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
1985 |
|
78
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sydkrafts/E.ON | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finlands Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Nuclear (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oskarshamn I(S)
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
54.5 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Oskarshamn II(S)
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
54.5 |
|
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Oskarshamn III(S)
|
|
|
1,160 |
|
|
|
54.5 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
1985 |
|
Ringhals 1(S)
|
|
|
835 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
215 |
|
|
|
1976 |
|
Ringhals 2(S)
|
|
|
872 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Ringhals 3(S)
|
|
|
920 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
1981 |
|
Ringhals 4(S)
|
|
|
915 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
1983 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
9,471 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,590 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydroelectric
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balforsen(S)
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
1958 |
|
Bergeforsen(S)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
44.0 |
|
|
|
70 |
|
|
|
1955 |
|
Bjurfors nedre(S)
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
Blasjön(S)
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
Degerforsen(S)
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Edensforsen (Aseleälven)(S)
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
93.7 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
1956 |
|
Edsele(S)
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
1965 |
|
Forsse(S)
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Gulsele (Aseleälven)(S)
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
65.0 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
1955 |
|
Hällby (Aseleälven)(S)
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
65.0 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Hammarforsen(S)
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
1928 |
|
Harjavalta(1)(FIN)
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
13.2 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
1945 |
|
Harrsele(S)
|
|
|
223 |
|
|
|
50.6 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
Hjälta(S)
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
1949 |
|
Järnvägsforsen(S)
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
94.9 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Korselbränna (Fjällsjöälven)(S)
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
1961 |
|
Kvistforsen(1)(S)
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
140 |
|
|
|
1962 |
|
Moforsen(S)
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Olden (Langan)(S)
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Pengfors(S)
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
65.0 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
1954 |
|
Ramsele(S)
|
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
1958 |
|
Rätan(S)
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Selsfors(S)
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
10.6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1944 |
|
Stensjön (Harkan)(S)
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Storfinnforsen(S)
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
112 |
|
|
|
1953 |
|
Trangfors(S)
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
1975 |
|
Other (<50 MW installed capacity)
|
|
|
1,403 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
1,044 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,962 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fuel Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barsebäck GT(S)
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Bravalla(S)
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Halmstad G11(S)
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Halmstad G12(S)
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
1993 |
|
79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sydkrafts/E.ON | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finlands Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fuel Oil (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kainuun Voima (FIN)
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
1989 |
|
Karlshamn G1(S)
|
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
70.0 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Karlshamn G2(S)
|
|
|
332 |
|
|
|
70.0 |
|
|
|
232 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Karlshamn G3(S)
|
|
|
326 |
|
|
|
70.0 |
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Karskär G4(S)
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Öresundsverket GT(S)
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Oskarshamn GT(S)
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
54.5 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
1973 |
|
Other (<50 MW installed capacity)
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,995 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,563 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heleneholm G11, G12(S)(CHP)
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
1966 + 1970 |
|
Suomenoja GT (FIN)
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
1989 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hard Coal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suomenoja(2)(FIN)
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind Power
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sweden
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
Denmark
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
n/a |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Power Plants
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abyverket G1, G2, G3(S)(CHP)
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
1962-1974 |
|
Händelö (Norrköping)(S)(CHP)
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
1983 |
|
Joensuu Bio(2)(FIN)
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
1986 |
|
Kainuun Voima (FIN)
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
1989 |
|
Karskär G3(S)
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
50.0 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shutdown
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Barsebäck 1(S)(Nuclear)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1975 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
16,317 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,971 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Power plant expected to be transferred to Sydkrafts
minority shareholder Statkraft in 2005 according to an agreement
in principle. |
|
(2) |
Power plant of E.ON Finland. |
|
|
(FIN) |
Located in Finland. |
|
|
(CHP) |
Combined Heat and Power Generation. |
Pending receipt of the necessary approvals, Sydkraft plans to
build a new gas-fired CHP plant in the Swedish city of
Malmö. In addition, efficiency improvements, which are
expected to result in an increase of generation capacity, are
planned for the nuclear reactors in Forsmark, Ringhals and
Oskarshamn. Sydkraft expects that the implementation of these
efficiency measures may begin in 2005, following the receipt of
the necessary approvals.
80
Nuclear Power. In Sweden, Sydkraft operates three nuclear
power plants (Oskarshamn I III), which provided
54 percent of its total power output in 2004
(53 percent of E.ON Nordics total power output in
2004). In addition, Sydkraft holds minority participations in
all other Swedish nuclear power reactors. Sydkraft receives a
share of the electrical power produced at these plants according
to its respective shareholding. The purchase price for this
electricity is determined on the basis of the production cost.
Sydkrafts nuclear power plants are required to meet
applicable Swedish safety standards, which are described in
Environmental Matters Nordic. In
Sweden, nuclear waste is handled by Svensk
Kärnbränslehantering AB (SKB), which is
owned by the domestic nuclear power producers and controlled by
various state institutions. Swedens low and
intermediate-level nuclear waste is deposited in the Repository
for Radioactive Operational Waste, located at the Forsmark
nuclear power plants. Spent nuclear fuel and other high-level
nuclear waste are placed in temporary storage at the Central
Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel, situated near
the Oskarshamn nuclear power plants. No long-term repository has
yet been constructed for spent nuclear fuel, but SKB is planning
to build a deep repository for the long-term storage of all
spent nuclear fuel. Sydkraft expects that a decision will be
taken on where the deep repository is to be built by 2010, with
the first nuclear waste expected to be stored there by 2017.
In 1997, a law concerning the phase out of nuclear power was
passed pursuant to which the government can decide to revoke a
license to conduct nuclear operations, but must compensate the
owner of the nuclear plants that are phased out. Sydkraft has
one nuclear reactor, Barsebäck 1, which has been closed
under this law in 1999 and for which Sydkraft received
compensation. Beginning in 2002, the Swedish government
appointed a special negotiator whose task was to negotiate with
the Swedish energy industry on behalf of the government, with
the aim of reaching an agreement about a sustainable policy for
the energy system.
In September 2004, these negotiations were unilaterally
abandoned by the Swedish government. At the same time, the
government has opted for the phase-out of the nuclear reactor
block Barsebäck 2 in 2005. The effect of a possible
phase-out of Barsebäck 2 on Sydkraft had already been taken
into account in the agreement when Barsebäck 1 was shut
down in 1999. According to this agreement, Sydkraft will be
compensated through an increase of its ownership in Ringhals AB,
which owns the Ringhals nuclear plant, from 25.8 percent to
approximately 29.6 percent. This will give Sydkraft almost
the same share in nuclear power production capacity as before
the phase-out of Barsebäck 2. As of today, Sydkraft has no
other nuclear power plants that have been explicitly targeted
for early phase-out by the Swedish government. It is unclear if
and to what extent Sydkraft will need to shut down other nuclear
power plants in the future. Management believes, however, that
public opinion in Sweden has become more favorable towards
nuclear power since the original phase-out decision in 1997.
In Sweden, the financing system for the handling of high-level
nuclear waste as well as the dismantling of nuclear facilities
is based on a fee charged per generated kilowatt hour of
electricity. The exact amount is regularly calculated based on
assumptions about the expected period of operation for each
reactor by the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate and ultimately
determined by the Swedish government. Nuclear power operators
include this fee in the price of electricity and transfer it to
the national Nuclear Waste Fund. The purpose of this fund is to
cover all expenses incurred for the safe handling and final
disposal of spent nuclear fuel, as well as for dismantling
nuclear facilities and disposing of decommissioning waste.
Expenses for other low and intermediate-level operational
nuclear waste have to be directly covered by the nuclear
operators. For this purpose, Sydkraft has made provisions
totaling
6.2 million
as of December 31, 2004.
In Sweden, taxes are levied on the production of nuclear power
based on the installed nuclear power capacity. This tax
currently amounts to approximately
7,230 per MW.
Sydkraft purchases fuel elements for nuclear power plants from
international suppliers. Sydkraft considers the supply of
uranium and fuel elements on the world market to be adequate.
Hydroelectric. In Sweden, Sydkraft operates 145
hydroelectric power plants, which provided 42 percent of
its total power output in 2004 (40 percent of E.ON
Nordics total power output in 2004). In addition, E.ON
Finland operates one minor hydroelectric plant. Due to the
presence of mountains and rivers, hydroelectric plants are
generally located in northern Sweden. Due to natural variances
in annual water inflow to the hydro reservoirs, hydroelectric
plants can be subject to reduced operations during periods of
low precipitation. In periods of severe
81
water shortages, such as occurred in late 2002 and early 2003,
Sydkraft must purchase electricity which cannot be generated at
these plants from the market in order to meet contractual
commitments. Conversely, following periods of high precipitation
Sydkraft is able to generate more electricity than it needs to
meet its commitments, and is therefore able to sell excess
electricity to its sales partners or on the market. Thus,
variances in rainfall in the region can have a significant
positive or negative effect on the Nordic market units
financial and operating results. See also Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors.
Other Power Plants. Power plants fuelled by fuel oil,
hard coal, biomass, natural gas, wind power and waste provided
the remaining 7 percent of E.ON Nordics total power
output in 2004. Hard coal and wind power plants are usually used
for electricity base load operations. Oil- and gas-fired plants
are only used for peak load operations, when market prices cover
the operational cost. The production planning of CHP plants is
to a large degree dependent on temperature conditions. Fuel oil,
natural gas, hard coal and biomass are generally available from
multiple sources, though prices are determined on international
commodities markets and are therefore subject to fluctuations.
Waste is purchased under supply contracts with local providers.
Demand for power tends to be seasonal, rising in the winter
months and typically resulting in additional electricity sales
by E.ON Nordic in the first and fourth quarters. E.ON Nordic
believes it has adequate sources of power to meet foreseeable
increases in demand, whether seasonal or otherwise.
Although E.ONs power plants are maintained on a regular
basis, there is a certain risk of failure for power plants of
every fuel type. In September 2003, a blackout in parts of
Sweden and Denmark was caused by a combination of a fault in the
transmission grid and a failure at the power plant Oskarshamn
(which is 54.5 percent owned by Sydkraft) that occurred
when the plant was being returned to service following routine
maintenance. The power plant restarted in November 2003
following a comprehensive investigation and analysis. No serious
consequences arose from the shutdown. Depending on the
associated generation capacity, the length of the outage and the
cost of the required repair measures, the economic damage due to
such failure can vary significantly. In order to meet
contractual commitments, electricity which cannot be generated
at these plants has to be bought from the market. Thus, as with
water shortages, power plant outages can negatively affect the
market units financial and operating results. No
significant unplanned outage occurred in 2004.
In January 2005, a severe storm hit Sweden and devastated large
areas of forest in southern Sweden. This had a serious effect on
parts of Sydkrafts distribution grid, which in some areas
was destroyed. For details, including the expected cost to
Sydkraft, see Overview.
E.ON Nordic and its associated companies are actively involved
in electricity distribution activities in both Sweden and
Finland.
In Sweden, the high voltage electricity grid is managed by
Svenska Kraftnät, a company owned by the Swedish
government. Mid-voltage electricity is transmitted through a
regional distribution network with a length of around 40,000 km,
of which Sydkraft owns and manages 8,000 km, located in southern
Sweden and around Sundsvall in the north of Sweden. The local
distribution networks are managed by about 180 different grid
companies, including Sydkraft. The length of the total local
network for Sweden is about 550,000 km, of which Sydkraft owns
117,000 km. Balance control for the whole system is managed by
Svenska Kraftnät.
The electricity grid in Sweden is linked to the power
transmission grids in Norway, Finland and Denmark. In addition,
the Baltic Cable links the Swedish transmission grid to the grid
of E.ON Energie in Germany. The Baltic Cable is one of the
longest (250 km) direct current submarine cables in the world,
currently transmitting from approximately 372 MW up to its
maximum designed capacity of 600 MW. Sydkraft owns one-third of
the cable, with the remaining two-thirds owned by the Norwegian
utility Statkraft.
In 2004, Sydkrafts distribution network served
approximately one million customers, including approximately
615,000 customers in southern Sweden, 325,000 customers in the
metropolitan areas of Stockholm/Örebro/ Norrköping and
90,000 customers in the Mid-Norrland region. The areas around
the cities of Malmö (in southern Sweden), Stockholm,
Örebro and Norrköping belong to the more densely
populated areas of Sweden, but parts of southern Sweden and
Norrland are more rural areas with a lower density.
82
Due to the acquisition of Graninge, Sydkraft also owns and
operates local power distribution grids in Finland through
Graninge Kainuu Oyj (53,700 customers in western Finland), with
a length of 12,344 km, and Graninge Energia Oyj (17 industrial
customers in southwest Finland), with a length of 189 km.
The power distribution grid of E.ON Finland is located in the
areas of Espoo and Joensuu. The grid has a system length of
approximately 6,650 km. In 2004, E.ON Finlands
distribution grid served approximately 162,000 customers.
The following map shows E.ON Nordics current distribution
areas.
In Sweden and Finland, electricity customers have separate
contracts with a retail supplier and an electricity distributor.
For this reason, distribution customers of Sydkraft and E.ON
Finland may choose other retail suppliers and Sydkraft and E.ON
Finland may sell electricity to customers not covered by their
own power transmission grids. For information on grid access,
see Regulatory Environment Nordic.
Sydkraft purchases gas under long-term gas supply contracts with
natural gas importers. Up to November 1, 2004, Sydkraft had
a long-term contract with Nova Naturgas for the supply of
natural gas. As of November 1, 2004, the contract was
transferred to DONG, as a consequence of DONGs acquisition
of the supply business of Nova Naturgas. The contract with DONG
will terminate at the end of September 2005. As of
October 1, 2005, E.ON Ruhrgas will become the sole supplier
of natural gas to Sydkraft pursuant to a long-term supply
contract between the parties. The agreed framework for the E.ON
Ruhrgas contract is essentially that of a take or pay
83
arrangement, though it will provide Sydkraft with a certain
amount of flexibility in relation to the purchase of additional
quantities and the deferral of quantities not taken.
The Swedish gas pipeline system is constructed along the western
coast of Sweden, starting in Dragör, Denmark and ending in
Gothenburg, Sweden. Gas represents 20 percent of total
energy supply in the Nordic region, while at the national level,
it comprises somewhat less than 2 percent of Swedens
total energy supply. The 320 km national gas transmission
pipeline is owned by Nova Naturgas, a consortium in which E.ON
Ruhrgas holds a 29.6 percent interest. Sydkraft owns,
operates and maintains a regional high-pressure gas pipeline
with a length of 202 km and a low-pressure gas distribution
pipeline with a length of 1,700 km. In addition, Sydkraft has an
underground gas storage facility in Getinge with a working
capacity of 8.5 million
m3
and a maximum withdrawal rate of 40 thousand
m3/hour.
In 2004, Sydkraft transported a total of 7.4 TWh of gas through
its gas pipeline system.
The Swedish natural gas market is currently connected to the
Danish natural gas market through one supply route.
Swedens strategic location between two of the largest
producers, Russia and Norway, has led to the initiation of
several studies and projects with the aim of increasing supplies
to or via Sweden. E.ON Nordic is participating in the Baltic Gas
Interconnector project promoting the construction of a pipeline
between Germany, Sweden and Denmark. During 2004, Sydkraft was
granted the Swedish concession for this project.
E.ON Nordic and its associated companies sell electricity, gas
and district heating, as well as other energy-related services
to residential and commercial customers, mainly in the southern
parts of Sweden and in Finland. In addition, E.ON Nordic sells
heat and natural gas in Denmark.
Sydkraft expects to change its legal name to E.ON Sverige AB in
2005. The Company believes that the rebranding to E.ON Sverige
will positively affect E.ON Nordics retail operations and
that rebranding will allow for more efficient Group brand
management.
Electricity. As of December 31, 2004, Sydkraft
supplied electricity to approximately 1 million electricity
customer accounts in Sweden and to a minor degree in Finland
following the acquisition of Graninge. Although the majority of
Sydkrafts customer accounts are with residential
customers, the majority of its sales are made to commercial
customers. Sydkraft sold a total of 21.0 TWh of electricity in
2004, of which 7.3 TWh was delivered to residential customers
and 13.7 TWh was delivered to commercial customers (including
municipal distributors). Sydkrafts electricity customers
are concentrated in the south of Sweden, the areas of Stockholm,
Örebro and Norrköping, as well as in the Mid-Norrland
region, although Sydkraft potentially serves customers
throughout Sweden.
E.ON Finlands electricity sales operations cover all of
Finland, although its customers are mainly located in the Espoo
region. As of December 31, 2004, E.ON Finland supplied
electricity to approximately 180,000 electricity customer
accounts. In 2004, E.ON Finland sold electricity totaling
2.6 TWh, of which 1.8 TWh was sold to residential
customers and 0.8 TWh was sold to commercial customers.
E.ON Finland does not sell electricity to distributors.
Gas. In the Swedish gas market, Sydkraft supplied
approximately 25,000 customers with gas in 2004. 6.3 TWh were
delivered to large industrial and (mostly municipal)
distribution customers, and 0.2 TWh were delivered to
residential customers. Sydkraft also supplied a small amount of
gas in Denmark in 2004.
Due to the acquisition of Graninge, Sydkraft also supplied 0.6
TWh of gas to eight industrial customers in Finland.
E.ON Finland sold 48 GWh of gas to 166 industrial customers in
2004. Overall, natural gas consumption in Finland is very
limited in the residential customer sector. The main users of
gas in Finland are power plants and the paper and pulp industry.
84
Heat & Waste. Sydkraft sells heating, including
district heating, to approximately 18,000 customers in Sweden
and Denmark. In 2004, sales of district heating in Sweden
amounted to 7.0 TWh. In Denmark, 2004 sales amounted to 0.6 TWh.
In addition, in 2004 Sydkraft sold a de minimis amount of heat
in Poland. E.ON Finlands district heating operations are
concentrated in the area of Espoo. E.ON Finland served a total
of approximately 7,300 customers in 2004, delivering 2.5 TWh of
heat.
E.ON Nordic is also active in the Swedish waste business, mainly
through Sydkraft SAKAB AB (Sydkraft SAKAB). Sydkraft
SAKABs operations focus on recycling and destroying
hazardous waste. In addition, Sydkraft SAKAB treats a small
portion of household waste and industrial refuse for
heat-recovery purposes. In 2004, Sydkrafts waste
activities had combined sales of
55 million.
Waste volumes handled amounted to approximately 450,000 tons.
Other Activities. E.ON Nordic provides distribution
network and other services primarily in Sweden through
Sydkrafts subsidiary ElektroSandberg AB. Sydkraft
Bredband AB is active in the broadband communications
business.
E.ON Nordic conducts its energy trading activities through
Sydkraft and E.ON Finland. The focus is on electricity trading
on the Nordpool exchange but does to a lesser extent include
other sources of energy such as oil, natural gas and propane.
Sydkraft and E.ON Finland use energy trading to optimize the
value of and manage risks associated with their energy
portfolios. Sydkraft also performs a limited amount of
proprietary trading as well as providing portfolio management
services for external clients including access to energy
exchanges, advising and risk management for their portfolios.
Since 1999, Sydkraft Energy Trading AB has been fully authorized
by the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority to advise and
conduct trading on behalf of portfolio management clients.
All of E.ON Nordics energy trading operations, including
its limited proprietary trading, are subject to E.ONs risk
management policies for energy trading. For additional
information on these policies and related exposures, see
Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk.
The following table sets forth the total volume of E.ON
Nordics traded electric power in 2004 and 2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
|
|
million | |
|
million | |
|
|
Trading of Power |
|
kWh | |
|
kWh | |
|
% Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Power sold
|
|
|
56,758 |
|
|
|
70,650 |
|
|
|
-19.7 |
|
Power purchased
|
|
|
48,764 |
|
|
|
69,537 |
|
|
|
-29.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
105,522 |
|
|
|
140,187 |
|
|
|
24.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The major part of realized trading volumes is usually contracted
in the year prior to realization. The reason for decreasing
volumes in 2004 can thus be found in the trades contracted
during 2003 compared with 2002. The decline in volumes is
primarily due to the extremely high spot and forward prices in
the beginning of 2003. With unchanged risk limits, the high
prices automatically led to lower trading volumes.
U.S. MIDWEST
Overview
In March 2003, E.ON transferred LG&E Energy (E.ONs
principal U.S. operating subsidiary) and its direct parent
holding company from a subsidiary of E.ON UK to E.ON US Holding
GmbH, a direct subsidiary of E.ON AG. As part of E.ONs
implementation of its on.top strategy, LG&E Energy became
the lead company of E.ONs U.S. Midwest market unit as of
January 1, 2004, and now reports directly to E.ON AG. See
History and Development of the Company
Group Strategy On.top.
85
LG&E Energy is a diversified energy services company with
businesses in power generation, retail gas and electric utility
services, as well as asset-based energy marketing. Asset-based
energy marketing involves the off-system sale of excess power
generated by physical assets owned or controlled by LG&E
Energy and its affiliates pursuant to bilateral contracts with
wholesale customers on negotiated terms. LG&E Energys
power generation and retail electricity and gas services are
located principally in Kentucky, with a small customer base in
Virginia and Tennessee. As of December 31, 2004, LG&E
Energy owned or controlled aggregate generating capacity of
approximately 9,666 MW, including LG&E Energys
interest in independent power plants of 105 MW in North Carolina
and 275 MW in Texas. LG&E Energys interest in the
Texas plant was sold in January 2005. In 2004, LG&E Energy
served more than one million customers. The U.S. Midwest market
unit recorded sales of
1.9 billion
in 2004 and adjusted EBIT of
349 million.
In the areas of the United States in which LG&E Energy
operates, electricity generated at power stations is delivered
to consumers through an integrated transmission and distribution
system. For information about the principal segments of the
electricity industry, see Central
Europe Operations. In 2004, LG&E Energy
was actively involved in generation, transmission, distribution,
retail and trading in the states in which it had utility
operations.
LG&E Energy divides its operations into regulated utility
and non-regulated businesses. Utility operations are subject to
state regulation that sets rates charged to retail customers.
In the regulated utility business, which accounted for
approximately 85 percent of LG&E Energys revenues in
2004 (83 percent electricity, 17 percent gas),
LG&E Energy operates two wholly-owned utility subsidiaries:
Louisville Gas and Electric Company (LG&E), an
electricity and natural gas utility based in Louisville,
Kentucky, which serves customers in Louisville and 17
surrounding counties, and Kentucky Utilities Company
(KU), an electric utility based in Lexington,
Kentucky, which serves customers in 77 Kentucky counties, five
counties in Virginia and one county in Tennessee.
LG&E Energys non-regulated business, which accounted
for approximately 15 percent of LG&E Energys sales in
2004, is primarily comprised of the operations of LG&E
Capital Corp. (LCC), its primary holding company,
and LG&E Energy Marketing Inc. (LEM), its
asset-based energy marketing subsidiary, each of which is wholly
owned by LG&E Energy. LCC operates nine coal-fired and one
oil-fired electricity generation units in western Kentucky
through its wholly-owned subsidiary Western Kentucky Energy
Corp. and affiliates (WKE). LCC also owns interests
in three Argentine gas distribution companies and stakes in a
number of power plants in the United States through its
wholly-owned subsidiary LG&E Power Inc. (LPI).
LG&E Energy is in the process of disposing of its stakes in
the power plants held by LPI, one of which was sold in January
2005. For more information, see Non-regulated
Businesses.
In the United States, the market environment for electricity
companies varies from state to state, depending on the level of
deregulation enacted in each jurisdiction.
The electric power industry remains highly regulated at the
retail level in much of the U.S., including Kentucky, although
in some parts of the country, including Virginia, it has become
more competitive as a result of price and supply deregulation
and other regulatory changes. In approximately one-third of the
United States, retail electricity customers can now choose their
electricity supplier; however, some states have begun discussing
re-regulation. To better support a competitive industry, federal
regulators are transforming the manner in which the electric
transmission grid is operated. Transmission owning entities are
being strongly encouraged by federal regulators to transfer
individual control over the operation of their transmission
systems to regional transmission organizations
(RTOs). These RTOs are intended to ensure
non-discriminatory and open access to the nations electric
transmission system. Depending on the specifics of deregulation
in the states in which they operate, U.S. electric utilities
have adopted different strategies and structures, sometimes
divesting one or more of the generation, transmission,
distribution or supply components of their businesses.
86
LG&E Energys electric service territories are located
in Kentucky, Virginia and Tennessee. At present, due to the
absence of customer choice or competitive market requirements in
Kentucky and Tennessee and the passage of legislation in
Virginia exempting KU from the provisions of that states
liberalization measures, none of LG&E Energys retail
utility operations are subject to customer choice or competitive
market conditions. LG&E Energys customers are
therefore generally required to purchase their electric service
from LG&E Energys utility subsidiaries at prices set
by state governmental regulators.
LG&E Energys primary retail electric service
territories are located in Kentucky, which accounted for
approximately 58 percent of LG&E Energys total
revenues in 2004. To date, neither the Kentucky General Assembly
nor the Kentucky Public Service Commission (KPSC)
have adopted or announced a plan or timetable for retail
electric industry competition in Kentucky. However, the nature
or timing of any new legislative or regulatory actions regarding
industry restructuring or the introduction of competition and
their impact on LG&E and KU cannot currently be predicted.
Although retail choice became available for many customers in
Virginia in January 2002 pursuant to the Virginia Electric
Restructuring Act (the Restructuring Act), KU was
able to obtain an extension of the effective date for its
Virginia customers to January 2005. Subsequently, in the 2003
legislative session, the Virginia assembly exempted KU entirely
from the provisions of the Restructuring Act until such time as
KU provides competitive electric service to retail customers in
any other state. During 2004, KUs Virginia operations
accounted for approximately 5 percent of KUs total
revenues and approximately 2 percent of LG&E
Energys total revenues. LG&E Energys very
limited Tennessee operations accounted for less than
1 percent of total revenues in each of 2004 and 2003.
Over the past decade, LG&E Energy has taken steps to keep
its rates low while maintaining high levels of customer
satisfaction, including a reduction in the number of employees;
aggressive cost reduction activities; an increase in focus on
commercial, industrial and residential customers; an increase in
employee involvement and training; and continuous modifications
of its organizational structure.
In contrast to the relatively stable market environment in which
LG&E Energys utility businesses operate, its
non-regulated businesses have significant exposure to changes in
wholesale prices for electricity and to increases in fuel costs.
The gas distribution businesses in Argentina have also suffered
significantly from the severe political and economic crises
facing that country.
Seasonal variations in U.S. demand for electricity reflect the
summer cooling period as the time of peak load requirements,
with a lesser peak during the winter heating period, the latter
primarily in regions which do not have extensive gas
distribution networks. The peak period of retail gas demand is
the winter heating period.
LG&E. LG&E is a regulated public utility that
generates and distributes electricity to approximately 390,000
customers and supplies natural gas to approximately 318,000
customers in Louisville and adjacent areas of Kentucky.
LG&Es service area covers approximately 700 square
miles in 17 counties. LG&Es coal-fired electric
generating plants, most of which are equipped with systems to
reduce sulphur dioxode (SO2) emissions,
produce nearly all (98 percent) of LG&Es
electricity; the remainder is generated by gas-fired combustion
turbines and by a hydroelectric power plant. Underground natural
gas storage fields assist LG&E in providing economical and
reliable gas service to customers. As of December 31, 2004,
LG&E owned steam and combustion turbine generating
facilities with an attributable capacity of 3,105 MW and a
48 MW hydroelectric facility on the Ohio River.
KU. KU is a regulated public utility engaged in
producing, transmitting, distributing and selling electric
energy. KU provides electric service to approximately 488,000
customers in 77 counties in central, southeastern and western
Kentucky and approximately 30,000 customers in five counties in
southwestern Virginia. In Virginia, KU operates under the name
Old Dominion Power Company. KU also sells wholesale electric
energy to 12 municipalities and fewer than 10 customers in
Tennessee. KUs coal-fired electric generating plants
produce nearly all (99 percent) of KUs electricity;
the remainder is generated by gas- and oil-fired combustion
turbines
87
and a hydroelectric facility. As of December 31, 2004, KU
owned steam and combustion turbine generating facilities with an
attributable capacity of 4,433 MW and a 24 MW
hydroelectric facility.
The following table sets forth details of LG&Es and
KUs electric power generation facilities, including their
total capacity, the stake held by LG&E Energy and the
capacity attributable to LG&E Energy for each facility as of
December 31, 2004, and their start-up dates.
LG&ES AND KUS ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LG&E Energys Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Hard Coal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cane Run 4(1)
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
1962 |
|
Cane Run 5(1)
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
1966 |
|
Cane Run 6(1)
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
E.W. Brown 1(2)
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
1957 |
|
E.W. Brown 2(2)
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
1963 |
|
E.W. Brown 3(2)
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
429 |
|
|
|
1971 |
|
Ghent 1(2)
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Ghent 2(2)
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
1977 |
|
Ghent 3(2)
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
1981 |
|
Ghent 4(2)
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
1984 |
|
Green River 3(2)
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
1954 |
|
Green River 4(2)
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
1959 |
|
Mill Creek 1(1)
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
303 |
|
|
|
1972 |
|
Mill Creek 2(1)
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
1974 |
|
Mill Creek 3(1)
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
391 |
|
|
|
1978 |
|
Mill Creek 4(1)
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
477 |
|
|
|
1982 |
|
Trimble County(1)
|
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
75.0 |
|
|
|
383 |
|
|
|
1990 |
|
Tyrone 3(2)
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
1953 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,422 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Natural Gas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cane Run 11(1)
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
E.W. Brown 5(3)
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
E.W. Brown 6(3)
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
E.W. Brown 7(3)
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
154 |
|
|
|
1999 |
|
E.W. Brown 8(2)
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
E.W. Brown 9(2)
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
1994 |
|
E.W. Brown 10(2)
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
1995 |
|
E.W. Brown 11(2)
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
1996 |
|
E.W. Brown IAC(3)
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
2000 |
|
Haefling 1(2)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Haefling 2(2)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Haefling 3(2)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1970 |
|
Paddys Run 11(1)
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
Paddys Run 12(1)
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
1968 |
|
88
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LG&E Energys Share | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Total | |
|
|
|
Attributable | |
|
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
|
|
Capacity | |
|
Start-up | |
Power Plants |
|
Net MW | |
|
% | |
|
MW | |
|
Date | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Natural Gas (continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paddys Run 13(3)
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
2001 |
|
Trimble County 5(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2002 |
|
Trimble County 6(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2002 |
|
Trimble County 7(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Trimble County 8(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Trimble County 9(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Trimble County 10(3)
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
2004 |
|
Waterside 7(1)
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
1964 |
|
Waterside 8(1)
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
1964 |
|
Zorn 1(1)
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
1969 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,186 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,186 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tyrone Unit 1(2)
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
1947 |
|
Tyrone Unit 2(2)
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
1948 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hydroelectric
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dix Dam(2)
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
1925 |
|
Ohio Falls(1)
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
1928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LG&E Energy Regulated Business Total
|
|
|
7,738 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,610 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shutdown
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Green River 1(2)
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
1950 |
|
Green River 2(2)
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
100.0 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
1950 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Power stations owned by LG&E. |
|
(2) |
Power stations owned by KU. |
|
(3) |
Power stations jointly owned by LG&E and KU. |
For details about WKEs power plants, see
Non-regulated Businesses WKE.
Fuel. Coal-fired steam and combustion turbine generating
units provided approximately 99 percent of LG&Es
and KUs net kWh generation for 2004. The remainder of 2004
net generation was produced by hydroelectric plants and natural
gas- and oil-fueled combustion turbine peaking units. LG&E
Energy has no nuclear generating units and coal will be the
predominant fuel used by LG&E Energys subsidiaries for
the foreseeable future. LG&E and KU have entered into coal
supply agreements with various suppliers for coal deliveries for
2005 and beyond and normally augment their coal supply
agreements with spot market purchases. The companies have coal
inventory policies which they believe provide adequate
protection under most contingencies. Reliability of coal
deliveries can be affected from time to time by a number of
factors, including fluctuations in demand, coal mine labor
issues and other supplier or transporter operating or
contractual difficulties.
89
Each of LG&E and KU expect to continue purchasing much of
their coal, which has varying sulphur content ranges, from
western Kentucky, southern Indiana and West Virginia, with
additional KU purchases from eastern Kentucky, Wyoming and
Colorado. In general, the delivered cost of coal has been rising
since late 2000.
LG&E purchases natural gas transportation services from
Texas Gas Transmission, LLC and Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company.
LG&E also has a portfolio of gas supply arrangements with a
number of suppliers in order to meet its firm sales obligations.
These gas supply arrangements have various terms and include
pricing provisions that are market-responsive. LG&E believes
these firm supplies, in tandem with the pipeline transportation
services, provide the reliability and flexibility necessary to
serve LG&Es gas customers. LG&E operates five
underground gas storage fields with a current working gas
capacity of 15.1 billion cubic feet. Gas is purchased and
injected into storage during the summer season and is then
withdrawn to supplement pipeline supplies to meet the gas-system
load requirements during the winter heating season.
LG&E and KU have limited exposure to market price volatility
in prices of coal and natural gas, as long as cost pass-through
mechanisms, including the fuel adjustment clause and gas supply
clause, exist for retail customers. For a more detailed
explanation of these mechanisms, see Regulatory
Environment U.S. Midwest.
Asset-Based Energy Marketing. LG&E and KU seek to
optimize the value of their generating assets by selling excess
energy to wholesale customers. These off-system sales accounted
for 4.2 TWh in 2004.
LG&E Energys utility subsidiaries LG&E and KU
operate 5,138 miles of transmission line. They participate as
transmission owning members of the Midwest Independent
Transmission System Operator, Inc. (MISO), which
commenced commercial operations in February 2002. In 2002, the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) affirmed
the MISOs imposition of certain of its administrative
costs on all users of the system, including native load
customers such as LG&E and KU. LG&E and the other
transmission owners appealed this decision in the U.S. courts.
In July 2004, the United States Court of Appeals affirmed the
FERCs earlier decision to impose RTO administrative costs
on all customers. This has resulted in increased costs for
LG&E and KU. LG&E and KU are participating in ongoing
proceedings before the FERC, the federal courts in Washington
D.C. and the KPSC, challenging the imposition of these costs on
native load customers.
The Kentucky Public Service Commission (KPSC) is
continuing its proceedings examining LG&Es and
KUs membership in the MISO. Specifically, the KPSC is
investigating whether the benefits derived from MISO membership,
if any, justify the corresponding costs. In September 2004, in
response to requests of the KPSC, LG&E and KU filed
pleadings indicating that MISO membership does not provide
benefits commensurate with its costs to the companies and to
Kentucky ratepayers. LG&E and KU have therefore requested an
order of the KPSC directing their ultimate exit from MISO, if
approved by the FERC and under other appropriate conditions. An
order is expected from the KPSC during 2005. No assurance can be
given as to the outcome of these proceedings. For additional
information, see Regulatory Environment
U.S. Midwest.
The electric retail activities of LG&E and KU are limited to
their respective service territories in Kentucky, with a small
KU service region in Virginia and service to less than 10
customers in Tennessee. In 2004, LG&Es total electric
retail sales to residential, commercial and industrial customers
were 10.5 billion kWh and its total aggregate electric
sales, including off-system sales, were 15.2 billion kWh.
In 2004, KUs total electric retail sales to residential,
commercial and industrial customers were 15.9 billion kWh
and its total aggregate electric sales were 20.9 billion
kWh.
90
The following table sets forth LG&Es and KUs
sale of electric power for the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total 2004 | |
|
Total 2003 | |
Sales of Electric Power to |
|
million kWh | |
|
million kWh | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Residential
|
|
|
10,084 |
|
|
|
9,836 |
|
Commercial and industrial customers
|
|
|
16,276 |
|
|
|
15,738 |
|
Municipals
|
|
|
1,959 |
|
|
|
1,903 |
|
Other retail
|
|
|
3,576 |
|
|
|
3,523 |
|
Off-system sales
|
|
|
4,199 |
|
|
|
4,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
36,094 |
|
|
|
35,409 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The gas retail activities of LG&E are limited to its service
territory in Kentucky. In 2004, LG&Es total retail gas
sales were 10.2 billion kWH (2003: 11.0 billion kWh )
and total aggregate gas sales (including gas transportation
volumes and wholesale sales) were 14.7 billion kWh (2003:
15.7 billion kWh).
On June 30, 2004, the KPSC approved electric and gas base
rate changes at LG&E and KU that increased these rates by an
aggregate of approximately $100 million per year. The new
rates became effective on July 1, 2004. For details,
including pending regulatory challenges, see
Regulatory Environment U.S. Midwest.
LCC. LCC is the primary holding company for LG&E
Energys non-regulated businesses discussed below. Its
businesses include domestic power generation and wholesale
sales, international operations, and pipeline services.
WKE. Through WKE, LCC has a 25 year lease of and
operates the generating facilities of Big Rivers Electric
Corporation (BREC), a power generation cooperative
in western Kentucky, and a coal-fired facility owned by the city
of Henderson, Kentucky aggregating a total generating capacity
of 1,771 MW. Nine coal-fired units are under lease, including
Coleman unit 1 and unit 2 (150 MW each), Coleman unit 3 (155
MW), Green unit 1 (231 MW) and unit 2 (223 MW), Henderson unit 1
(153 MW) and unit 2 (159 MW), Reid 1 (65 MW), and Wilson (420
MW), as well as one oil-fired unit, Reid Combustion Turbine (65
MW). In 2004, WKE generated approximately 11.1 TWh of
electricity. Approximately 91 percent of WKEs net
generation is used to serve BRECs three member
cooperatives and two regional aluminum smelters. Remaining power
is sold into the wholesale electric market. As a non-regulated
entity, WKE is exposed to changes in fuel prices. To mitigate
this exposure, WKE has entered into various interim-term fuel
supply contracts and uses alternative fuels.
Argentine Gas Distribution Operations. LCC owns interests
in Argentine gas distribution operations which provide natural
gas to approximately two million customers in Argentina through
three distributors (Gas Natural BAN S.A. (Ban),
Distribuidora de Gas del Centro S.A. (Centro) and
Distribuidora de Gas Cuyana S.A. (Cuyana)). LCC owns
19.6 percent of Ban, 45.9 percent of Centro, and
14.4 percent of Cuyana. LG&E Energys operations
in Argentina have been negatively affected by the recent
economic and political developments in Argentina.
LPI. LPI, a wholly-owned subsidiary of LCC, and its
affiliates own, operate and maintain interests in
U.S. independent power generation facilities. LG&E
Power Services LLC, an affiliate of LPI, operates two other
63 MW coal-fired facilities in the United States under a
medium-term operating contract with an independent third party
utility. Following managements decision in September 2003
to dispose of all of LPIs assets, in 2004 LPI and LCC sold
their interests in wind power generation facilities in Texas and
Tarifa, Spain, respectively. LPI has also entered into a
contract to sell its share of a 209 MW power generation facility
in North Carolina. In January 2005, LPI sold its 550 MW
gas-fired power generation facility in Texas. The sale process
for the North Carolina plant is expected to be completed in
2005, but no assurance can be given that the disposal of
LPIs remaining assets will be completed as planned.
LEM. LEM engages in asset-based energy marketing, which
primarily involves the off-system sales of excess power
generated by non-regulated physical assets owned or controlled
by LG&E Energy and its affiliates.
91
Effective June 30, 1998, LEM discontinued its merchant
energy trading and sales business. This business consisted
primarily of a portfolio of energy marketing contracts entered
into in 1996 and early 1997, including a long-term contract with
Oglethorpe Power Corporation which terminated at the end of
2004, nationwide deal origination and some level of proprietary
trading activities, which were not directly supported by
LG&E Energys physical assets. LG&E Energys
decision to discontinue these operations was primarily based on
the impact that volatility and rising prices in the power market
had on its portfolio of energy marketing contracts. LG&E
Energy continues to settle commitments entered into during this
period that obligate it to buy and sell electric power through
2007 and has established a reserve to cover expected future
costs.
OTHER ACTIVITIES
Viterra
E.ONs real estate subsidiary Viterra is one of the largest
real estate groups in Germany in terms of its residential
portfolio, with revenues of
988 million
and adjusted EBIT of
471 million
in 2004. Viterra focuses on the core business of residential
real estate and the additional business of real estate
development.
As part of its strategy to focus on its core energy business,
E.ON has decided to actively pursue the disposal of Viterra, and
currently expects to complete the disposition of Viterra during
2005.
The residential real estate business comprises the purchase of
larger housing portfolios, the rental and management of the
housing stock and the sale of housing units, to tenants,
owner-occupiers and investors. Viterra operates this business
through five branch offices in the Rhein-Ruhr area (together,
the Ruhrgebiet branch offices), as well as through
Deutschbau Immobilien-Dienstleistungen GmbH
(Deutschbau) and Viterra Rhein-Main GmbH
(Viterra Rhein-Main). Viterra is one of
Germanys largest private owners of residential property on
the basis of housing units, with a property portfolio of
approximately 138,000 housing units at year-end 2004. The
Ruhrgebiet branch offices are responsible for some 79,000
housing units in the Rhein-Ruhr area. Viterra Rhein-Main serves
some 19,000 housing units in the Rhein-Main area. Deutschbau is
responsible for some 40,000 housing units throughout Germany. In
December 2004, Viterra acquired an additional 49.1 percent
interest in Deutschbau from various investors, increasing its
shareholding to 99.1 percent.
Viterra slightly increased the number of housing units sold from
approximately 13,400 units in 2003 to approximately 14,000 units
in 2004. At year-end 2004, Viterras residential real
estate units had an approximately 97.4 percent occupancy
rate based on total rentable space.
Viterra sold approximately 27,000 housing units to MIRA in 2003.
However, due to the nature of the contractual arrangements with
regard to these units, this portfolio will continue to be
consolidated on Viterras balance sheet under U.S. GAAP and
is included in the property portfolio described above and below.
E.ONs real estate activities originated in the 1930s in
order to provide subsidized housing primarily in the Ruhr area
for workers in the coal and steel industries. Today, some
66 percent of the housing stock is located in North
Rhine-Westphalia. Approximately 58 percent of
Viterras housing units at year-end 2004 were built prior
to 1961. Viterra believes that its housing units are in
reasonably good condition and intends to further improve the
quality and profitability of its rental housing through
selective maintenance and modernization. In 2004, Viterra
incurred capital expenditures of
20 million,
as well as maintenance and modernization costs of
142 million,
in its residential real estate business for the improvement of
its existing housing portfolio. It has spent approximately
174 million
per year, on average, over the past seven years on maintenance
and modernization of its housing stock and does not expect such
expenses to increase significantly over the long term.
In the past, the majority of Viterras housing was built
with low interest rate public financing and with low interest
rate financing from third parties in exchange for perpetual
tenancy rights (Belegungsrechte). As a result,
approximately 50 percent of Viterras housing units
are subject to a wide variety of rent controls and perpetual
tenancy rights, some governmental and some contractually imposed
by third parties.
92
Because of the original purpose of providing subsidized housing
for workers in the coal and steel industries, companies like
E.ON were initially granted nonprofit status for their real
estate activities. In 1990, however, these activities became
taxable as a result of a change in German income tax law. In
connection with the change in taxable status, former nonprofit
real estate companies became entitled to certain depreciation
deductions under German income tax law, subject to conditions
and restrictions. These deductions depend, among other
conditions, upon the level of profits from certain rental
properties and capital expenditures on rental properties. These
depreciation deductions are accounted for when they are realized
on the tax return.
Changing their former opinion, the German tax authorities came
to the conclusion that the additional depreciation has to be
taxed as a dividend while a profit and loss sharing agreement is
in effect. E.ON, however, believes that this conclusion is not
compatible with the concept of group taxation and the basic
principles of German corporate tax law and therefore challenged
the tax authorities. Following three favorable precedent-setting
cases in lower tax courts, in 2001 E.ON released the provision
it had previously established to cover the related liability,
which totaled
527 million.
In December 2002, the federal tax court confirmed the favorable
decisions of the lower courts. In 2004, the tax authorities
applied the federal tax court decision in pending cases to the
extent that it is to the taxpayers benefit. Therefore,
Viterra received the expected tax refunds from the German tax
authorities for prior years.
On December 9, 2004, the German legislature approved the
Directive Implementation Act
(Richtlinien-Umsetzungsgesetz EURLUmsG). The
changes under the Directive Implementation Act now codify the
former position of the tax authorities. Pre-consolidation
remittance surpluses and shortfalls are to be treated as
distributions and contributions with the consequence that
5 percent of the distribution amount remains taxable. The
new rules are applicable to consolidated groups with fiscal
years ending after December 31, 2003. E.ON AG terminated
its profit and loss transfer agreement with Viterra as of
September 30, 2004. For more information about the effects
of these changes on the Company, see Note 7 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Viterras real estate development business unit, Viterra
Development GmbH, focuses on the development of office buildings
and apartment houses. It conducts all aspects of real estate
development, including land acquisition, planning, rental and
sale of the completed units to investors and owner-occupiers.
The actual construction is executed by third party general
contractors. The business unit focuses on the principal
metropolitan areas in Germany (Berlin, Frankfurt, Munich,
Hamburg and Düsseldorf), as well as on projects in Prague
and Warsaw.
Viterras real estate development business unit currently
holds 76 commercial units, 9 of which are logistic properties.
Degussa
Degussa is one of the major specialty chemical companies in the
world. In May 2002, E.ON reached a definitive agreement with RAG
to sell a portion of E.ONs majority interest in Degussa to
RAG and to acquire RAGs more than 18 percent interest
in E.ON Ruhrgas in a two step transaction. Upon termination of
the court proceedings that had temporarily enjoined the Company
from acquiring control of Ruhrgas in late January 2003, E.ON
completed the first step of the RAG/ Degussa transaction by
acquiring RAGs Ruhrgas stake and tendering
37.2 million of its shares in Degussa to RAG at the price
of 38 per share,
receiving total proceeds of
1.4 billion.
Following this transaction and the completion of the tender
offer to the other Degussa shareholders, RAG and E.ON each held
a 46.5 percent interest in Degussa, with the remainder
being held by the public. The shares of Degussa AG are listed on
the Frankfurt Stock Exchange and are part of the MDAX, the
performance index of 50 German mid-cap companies. In the
second step, E.ON sold a further 3.6 percent of Degussa
stock to RAG as of May 31, 2004. Effective June 1,
2004, E.ON owns 42.9 percent of Degussa. E.ON and RAG
operate Degussa under joint control.
93
Since the first step of the RAG/ Degussa transaction was
completed, E.ON accounts for Degussa using the equity method.
For all periods from February 1, 2003 until May 31,
2004, E.ON recorded 46.5 percent of Degussas
after-tax earnings in its financial earnings. From June 1,
2004, E.ON records 42.9 percent of Degussas after-tax
earnings in its financial earnings. For 2004, Degussa
contributed adjusted EBIT of
107 million.
Degussas strategic management responsibilities lie with
its board of management, while responsibility for management at
the operational level rests with Degussas 21 decentralized
business units, each of which is grouped into one of
Degussas five core divisions. The following chart sets
forth Degussas five divisions divided into business units:
DEGUSSA
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Coatings & |
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Industrial |
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Advanced |
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Chemicals |
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Chemicals |
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Materials |
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Fillers |
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Polymers |
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Admixture Systems
North America |
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Building Blocks |
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Superabsorbents |
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Coatings & Colorants |
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High Performance
Polymers |
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Admixture Systems
Europe |
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Exclusive Synthesis & Catalysts |
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Care Specialties |
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Aerosil & Silanes |
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Specialty Acrylics |
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Admixture Systems
Asia/Pacific |
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Peroxygen Chemicals |
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Oligomers &
Silicones |
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Advanced Fillers
& Pigments |
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Construction Systems
Americas |
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C 4 -Chemistry |
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Food Ingredients |
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Plexiglas |
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Construction Systems
Europe |
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Feed Additives |
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All other activities are grouped as non-core businesses or
services/development units and are not shown in the table above.
DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
In 2002 and 2001, the Company discontinued the operations of its
former oil and distribution/logistics segments and of its former
aluminum and silicon wafer segments, respectively. These former
segments are accounted for as discontinued operations in
accordance with U.S. GAAP. In addition, E.ON Energie, Powergen,
Viterra and Degussa either disposed of or have classified
certain businesses as held for sale in 2003 and 2002. E.ON
therefore also considers these businesses to be discontinued
operations. Under U.S. GAAP, results of all such discontinued
operations must be shown separately, net of taxes and minority
interests, under Income (Loss) from discontinued
operations, net in E.ONs Consolidated Statements of
Income. For details, see Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2001, E.ON and BP entered into an agreement pursuant to
which BP agreed to acquire a 51.0 percent stake in VEBA Oel
by way of a capital increase. VEBA Oel was then active in the
oil and gas exploration and production, oil processing and
marketing and petrochemicals businesses. The agreement also
provided E.ON with a put option that allowed it to sell the
remaining 49.0 percent interest in VEBA Oel to BP at any
time from April 1, 2002 for
2.8 billion,
subject to certain purchase price adjustments. In December 2001,
the German Federal Cartel Office cleared the transaction. The
capital increase took place in February 2002, giving BP majority
control of VEBA Oel as of February 1, 2002. The aggregate
consideration paid by BP for the capital increase was
approximately
2.9 billion.
In addition,
1.9 billion
in shareholder loans from the E.ON Group to VEBA Oel were
repaid. As of June 30, 2002, E.ON exercised the put option.
E.ON has received
2.8 billion
for its VEBA Oel shares plus the aforementioned repayment of the
shareholder loans. In April 2003, E.ON and BP reached an
agreement setting the final purchase price for VEBA Oel (without
prejudice to the standard
94
indemnities in the contract) at approximately
2.9 billion.
The portion of VEBA Oels 2003 and 2002 results included in
Income (Loss) from discontinued operations, net in
E.ONs Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to a loss
of
37 million
and income of
1.8 billion,
respectively. E.ON recognized a loss on disposal of
35 million
in 2003 related to the final purchase price settlement and a
gain of
1.4 billion
in 2002. In 2004, E.ON recognized a loss of
19 million
resulting from claims under the standard indemnities. These
effects were recorded under Income (Loss) from
discontinued operations, net in the Consolidated
Statements of Income. For details, see Note 4 of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2002, E.ON agreed to sell its 65.4 percent interest
in Stinnes to Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) in connection
with a cash tender offer DB later made to all Stinnes
shareholders at a price of
32.75 per share.
Stinnes was then active in logistics services in the following
areas: transportation, chemicals and materials. E.ON received
cash proceeds of
1.6 billion
upon completion of the tender, and Stinnes was deconsolidated as
of September 30, 2002. In 2002, Stinnes had revenues of
8.8 billion
and E.ON realized a gain on the disposal of
588 million.
The portion of Stinnes 2002 results included in
Income (Loss) from discontinued operations, net in
E.ONs 2002 Consolidated Statement of Income amounted to
603 million
of income. For details, see Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2002, E.ON sold VAW (then one of Europes major
aluminum companies) to the Norwegian company Norsk Hydro ASA for
the aggregate price of
3.1 billion,
including financial liabilities and pension provisions totaling
1.2 billion.
The portion of VAWs 2002 results included in Income
(Loss) from discontinued operations, net in E.ONs
2002 Consolidated Statement of Income amounted to
34 million
of income. E.ON realized a gain on disposal of
893 million.
The net gain on disposal of
893 million
does not include the reversal of VAWs negative goodwill of
191 million,
as this amount was required to be recognized as income due to a
change in accounting principles upon adoption of
SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
(SFAS 142), on January 1, 2002. For
details, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
On September 30, 2001, E.ON agreed to sell its
71.8 percent interest in MEMC (then a worldwide
manufacturer of silicon wafers for the semiconductor device
industry) to Texas Pacific Group, a San Francisco-based
financial investor, for a symbolic price, which included the
assumption of shareholder loans made by E.ON. The transaction
was completed on November 13, 2001. In September 2003, the
purchase price was adjusted, as provided for in the purchase
agreement, because MEMC had substantially improved its earnings
performance in 2002. This purchase price adjustment resulted in
income from discontinued operations net of income taxes and
minority interests for E.ON of
14 million.
For details, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
As a legal condition for E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas,
E.ON Energie was required to dispose of its 80.5 percent
shareholding in Gelsenwasser, which then provided drinking
water, industrial water, natural gas and other utility services
in Germany. In September 2003, a joint venture company owned by
the municipal utilities of the German cities of Dortmund and
Bochum purchased the Gelsenwasser interest for
835 million.
The portion of Gelsenwassers 2003 and 2002 results
included in Income (Loss) from discontinued operations,
net in E.ONs Consolidated Statements of Income
amounted to
479 million
and
24 million,
respectively. In 2003, Gelsenwasser had revenues of
295 million.
E.ON realized a gain on disposal of
418 million.
As a part of the regulatory approval of the former
Powergens acquisition of LG&E Energy, the SEC had
required that LG&E Energy sell CRC-Evans International Inc.
(CRC-Evans), then a provider of specialized
equipment and services used in the construction and
rehabilitation of gas and oil transmission pipelines. Effective
95
October 31, 2003, LG&E Energy sold CRC-Evans to an
affiliate of Natural Gas Partners for
37 million.
The portion of CRC-Evans results included in Income
(Loss) from discontinued operations, net in E.ONs
Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to less than
1 million
in each of 2003 and 2002. E.ON realized no gain or loss on the
disposal. In 2003, CRC-Evans had revenues of
73 million.
In June 2003, Viterra disposed of Viterra Energy Services AG
(Viterra Energy Services), which then provided heat
and water submetering services for administrators and owners of
residential and commercial property, to CVC Capital Partners.
Viterra Energy Services had been accounted for as a discontinued
operation in the E.ON Consolidated Financial Statements for
2002. In March 2003, Viterra sold its Viterra Contracting GmbH
(Viterra Contracting) subsidiary, which then
provided heat contracting services to apartment buildings, to
Mabanaft GmbH (Mabanaft). The aggregate
consideration for both transactions totaled
961 million,
including approximately
112 million
of assumed liabilities, with Viterra realizing a gain of
641 million.
The portion of 2003 and 2002 results included in Income
(Loss) from discontinued operations, net in E.ONs
Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to
681 million
and
52 million,
respectively. For the portion of 2003 prior to their
disposition, Viterra Energy Services and Viterra Contracting had
combined revenues of
202 million.
In 2004, the release of previously recorded provisions resulted
in income in the amount of
10 million,
which is recorded in the same line item.
During 2002, Degussa divested several non-core businesses,
including its gelatin business, the persulfate operations, the
textile additives business, the fertilizer manufacturer SKW
Piesteritz Holding GmbH, Degussa Bank GmbH, Viatris GmbH &
Co. KG and the biopharmaceutical company Zentaris AG. The
portion of the 2002 results of these divested operations
included in Income (Loss) from discontinued operations,
net in E.ONs 2002 Consolidated Statement of Income
amounted to a loss of
84 million.
In 2002, the divested Degussa non-core businesses had revenues
of
410 million
and E.ON realized an aggregate loss on their disposal of
93 million.
For further information, see Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
EU/ GERMANY: GENERAL ASPECTS (ELECTRICITY AND GAS)
In order to promote competition in the EU energy market, the EU
adopted electricity and gas directives (Directive 96/92/ EC
Concerning Common Rules for the Internal Market in Electricity,
or the First Electricity Directive and Directive
98/30/ EC Concerning Common Rules for the Internal Market in
Natural Gas, or the First Gas Directive).
The First Electricity Directive was adopted in December 1996 and
was intended to open access to the internal electricity markets
of EU member states. Germany implemented the First Electricity
Directive by enacting an Energy Law
(Energiewirtschaftsgesetz, or the Energy Law)
that entered into force on April 29, 1998. The Energy Law
of 1998 modified the old Energy Law, the German legal framework
governing utilities that sets forth the general obligations
required of electricity and gas companies and defines which
segments of the industry are subject to regulation.
The First Gas Directive was adopted in 1998 and was intended to
open access to the internal gas markets of EU member states. The
Energy Law of 1998 already included elements of the First Gas
Directive, while an amendment to the Energy Law, which came into
effect on May 24, 2003, completed the implementation of the
First Gas Directive into national law.
In June 2003, the EU Energy Council amended the First
Electricity Directive and replaced it with a new electricity
directive (Directive 2003/54/ EC Concerning Common Rules for the
Internal Market in Electricity, or the Second Electricity
Directive), and also adopted a second gas directive
(Directive 2003/55/ EC Concerning Common Rules for the Internal
Market in Natural Gas and Repealing Directive 98/30/ EC, or the
Second Gas Directive), which replaced the First Gas
Directive.
96
The following paragraphs outline relevant aspects of the First
Electricity and Gas Directives, the Energy Law, the Second
Electricity and Gas Directives, and amendments of the Energy
Law, as well as other EU proposed and adopted directives and
regulations that affect the German energy industry.
E.ONs operations outside of Germany are subject to the
different national and local regulations in the relevant
countries.
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The First Electricity and Gas Directives |
The First Electricity Directive established common rules for the
internal EU electricity market. Under the First Electricity
Directive, the EU electricity market was expected to be opened
gradually to competition. Member states could choose to have
either a so-called single-buyer system or a system
permitting negotiated or regulated third party access to
electricity networks (nTPA or rTPA).
Member states that elected the nTPA system were required to
publish frameworks for network charges. The Directive also
required integrated utilities to keep separate accounts for
their transmission activities, as well as for other activities
not relating to transmission and distribution, in their internal
accounting.
The First Gas Directive provided for a gradual opening of EU
member states natural gas markets to competition. It
allowed each member state to opt for nTPA or rTPA systems
similar to the provisions of the First Electricity Directive.
Under the First Gas Directive, natural gas companies were
allowed to apply for a temporary derogation from the rules for
third party access in case of serious economic and financial
difficulties created by existing take-or-pay commitments. The
First Gas Directive also required integrated utilities to keep
separate accounts for their transmission activities, as well as
for other activities not relating to transmission and
distribution, in their internal accounting.
Germanys Energy Law of 1998 implemented the First
Electricity Directive. The Energy Law abolished exclusive supply
contracts, thereby introducing competition in the supply of
electricity to all consumers, and provided (in addition to the
so-called single-buyer system) for
non-discriminatory nTPA for all utilities. The German market was
opened for all customers in one step, going far beyond the
requirements of the First Electricity Directive and also beyond
the steps taken by Germanys neighboring countries.
Specifically, in assessing a request for energy transmission,
the Energy Law requires a transmission company to take into
account the extent to which such transmission displaces
electricity generated from CHP plants, renewable energy sources
and, in eastern Germany, lignite-based power plants, and the
extent to which it impedes the commercial operation of such
power plants. Furthermore, the Energy Law introduced a provision
for third party access into the Law Against Restraints of
Competition (Gesetz gegen Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen,
or GWB).
The Energy Law of 1998 also included prior to the
adoption of the First Gas Directive certain parts of the
First Gas Directive. The Energy Law of 1998 enhanced competition
in gas supply to consumers and provided for non-discriminatory
nTPA for all utilities. The German gas market was opened for all
customers in one step in the year 1998, in this respect going
far beyond the requirements of the First Gas Directive and also
beyond the steps taken by Germanys neighboring countries.
In 2000, the first gas association agreement provided the main
basis for the nTPA grid access system for gas in Germany.
Technical access rules for household and small commercial
customers were introduced in September 2002.
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The Second Electricity and Gas Directives |
Completion of the Internal Electricity Market/The Second
Electricity Directive. On June 26, 2003, the EU Energy
Council adopted the Second Electricity Directive, which replaced
the First Electricity Directive. The Second Electricity
Directive requires full market opening to competition in each
member state by July 1, 2004 for commercial customers and
by July 1, 2007 for household customers. The Directive also
sets forth general rules for the organization of the EU
electricity market, such as the option of the member states to
impose certain public service obligations, customer protection
measures and provisions for monitoring the security of the
EUs electricity supply. The existing framework of
negotiated third party access in Germany is no longer allowed
under the Second Electricity Directive. Instead, the Directive
requires that at least a methodology for calculating grid
97
tariffs be fixed by law or approved by an independent regulatory
body which is required to be established. In addition, the
Second Electricity Directive contains provisions requiring the
organizational and legal unbundling of transmission and
distribution system operators, as well as mandatory electricity
labelling for fuel mix, emissions and waste data.
The following paragraphs provide more detail on the independent
regulatory authority, legal unbundling, electricity labelling
and certain of the public service requirements.
The Second Electricity Directive (as well as the Second Gas
Directive, see below) requires the establishment of a regulatory
body which will be independent of the interests of the
electricity and gas industries. The German government has
decided to authorize the existing Regulatory Authority of
Telecommunications and Post (the REGTP) to take
responsibility for ensuring non-discriminatory grid access,
monitoring effective competition and ensuring the efficient
functioning of the market. The REGTP will be responsible for
fixing or approving the terms and conditions for connection and
access to national transmission networks (or at least the
methodologies to calculate such terms), including transmission
and distribution tariffs, and for the provision of balancing
services. It will also have the authority to require
transmission and distribution system operators, if necessary, to
modify their terms and conditions in order to ensure that they
are proportionate and applied in a non-discriminatory manner.
In addition, the Second Electricity Directive requires that each
transmission and distribution system operator be independent, at
least in terms of legal form, organization and decision-making,
from other activities not relating to transmission or
distribution (legal unbundling). This requirement
does not imply or result in the requirement to separate the
ownership of assets of the transmission network from the
vertically integrated undertaking. The Second Electricity
Directive enables member states to postpone the implementation
of provisions for legal unbundling of distribution system
operations until July 1, 2007 at the latest. Derogations
from legal unbundling may also be granted to distribution
companies serving less than 100,000 connected customers or small
isolated networks. Member states can request an exemption from
legal unbundling if they can prove that total and
non-discriminatory access to the distribution networks can be
achieved by other means.
The Second Electricity Directive requires electricity suppliers
to specify in or with bills, as well as in promotional materials
for end user customers, the following information:
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The contribution of each energy source to the overall fuel mix
of the supplier over the preceding year; and |
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A reference to where information is publicly available on the
environmental impact of the suppliers activities,
including the amount of CO2 and radioactive waste
produced. |
Finally, the Second Electricity Directive requires that
household customers and where member states deem it
appropriate small companies must be provided with
universal service, i.e., the right to be
supplied with electricity of a specified quality at reasonable
prices.
Completion of the Internal Gas Market/ The Second Gas
Directive. On June 26, 2003, the EU also adopted the
Second Gas Directive, which replaced the First Gas Directive.
Similar to the Second Electricity Directive, the Second Gas
Directive requires full opening of each member states gas
market to competition by July 1, 2004 for all non-household
customers and by July 1, 2007 for all customers. The
Directive also sets forth similar general rules for the
organization of the EU gas market. The existing framework of
negotiated third party gas grid access in Germany is no longer
allowed under the Second Gas Directive. Instead, as in the
Second Electricity Directive, the Second Gas Directive requires
that at least a methodology for calculating grid tariffs be
fixed by law or approved by an independent regulatory authority
which is required to be established. The Directive also requires
integrated gas companies to legally unbundle their transmission
and distribution system operators from other operations. On
January 1, 2004, in fulfillment of one of the requirements
of E.ONs acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas, E.ON Ruhrgas
established E.ON Ruhrgas Transport as a legally independent
transmission system operator.
The Second Electricity and Gas Directives were required to be
implemented by each member state by July 1, 2004.
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Revisions of the German Energy Law |
Prior to the adoption of the Second Gas Directive, the German
government amended the Energy Law in May 2003. The amended
Energy Law (Erstes Gesetz zur Änderung des Gesetzes zur
Neuregelung des Energiewirtschaftsrechts) fully completed
the implementation of the First Gas Directive into national law.
Apart from provisions to facilitate the opening of the gas
market, a new section determined the legal basis for
non-discriminatory access to gas networks. In addition, the
amended Energy Law formally recognized the relevant electricity
and gas association agreements (Verbändevereinbarung
Strom II+ and Verbändevereinbarung Gas II) as
good commercial practice until December 31, 2003.
Furthermore, this amendment modified the provisions of the GWB
concerning the suspensive effect of appeals made against
decisions of the Federal Cartel Office, so that decisions issued
pursuant to the third party access provision of the GWB became
immediately applicable.
In order to implement the Second Electricity and Gas Directives,
on July 28, 2004 the German Cabinet adopted a draft of
proposed amendments to the Energy Law (Zweites Gesetz zur
Neuregelung des Energiewirtschaftsrechts) and forwarded it
to the Bundesrat (Upper House of Parliament) in
accordance with German legislative procedures. The main elements
of the draft are as follows:
Unbundling of network operators: Legal unbundling of each
transmission and distribution system operator from other
activities of the utility. The draft contains the exemptions
from legal unbundling provided for in the Second Electricity and
Gas Directives.
Regulation of network access: The REGTP will be
authorized as the independent regulator required by the Second
Electricity and Gas Directives. In addition, the draft contains
provisions on the supervisory powers of the regulator,
non-discriminatory network access, and basic rules for grid
tariff calculations. The draft also proposes a possible
regulation giving incentives for the cost-effective provision of
services. Secondary legislation specifies the details of network
access conditions and grid tariffs, including an option for the
market-based determination of gas grid tariffs based on
competition.
On September 24, 2004, the Bundesrat submitted its comments
on the draft of the revised Energy Law, which included several
changes such as the introduction of regulator pre-approval of
tariffs for network access and balancing services, introduction
of regulatory powers for the German states and the accelerated
introduction of an incentive regulation.
The governments reply of October 27, 2004 contained
the following key points:
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if network access fees are increased before the amended Energy
Law comes into force, the REGTP is required to institute market
abuse proceedings immediately after the amended Energy Law comes
into force; |
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introduction of an approval procedure for increases in network
access fees after entry into force of the amended Energy Law and
before the introduction of an incentive regulation; and |
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immediate creation of conditions for an incentive regulation and
introduction within two years (at the latest) after the amended
Energy Law has entered into force. |
The first reading of the revised draft Energy Law began in the
Bundestag (Lower House of Parliament) on October 28,
2004.
Because of the ongoing legislative process, the Company cannot
predict the final form of this legislation, or its effects on
the Company and on the German energy industry generally. In
addition, the relevant issues will also be subject to several
new regulations not yet published or still in political
discussion. The Second Electricity and Gas Directives
implementation deadline of July 1, 2004 has not been met,
but the government expects to enact a revised Energy Law in
mid-2005.
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European Regulation on Cross-Border Trading |
The Second Electricity Directive was accompanied by a new EU
regulation on cross-border electricity trading (Regulation
(EC) No 1228/2003 on Conditions for Access to the Network
for Cross-Border Exchanges in Electricity, or the
Regulation on Cross-Border Electricity Trading).
This regulation required the establishment
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of a committee of national experts chaired by the EU Commission.
The committee will adopt guidelines on member state compensation
for electricity transit flows, on the harmonization of national
transmission tariffs and on the allocation of cross-border
interconnection capacity. The applicable guidelines have already
been drafted and are expected to enter into force during 2005
or 2006.
At the EU level, a provisional tariff system for cross-border
electricity trading came into effect in March 2002. The system
provides a fund mechanism to cover costs resulting from
cross-border trades. Until 2003, money for the fund was raised
from two sources: a charge on exports and socialized costs
charged to all electricity customers. As of January 1,
2004, a modified cross-border tariff system has taken effect.
Instead of charging export fees for international electricity
flows, transmission system operators must now pay into a fund
according to their net physical import and export flows. As
before, the distribution of the funds depends on transit volume,
so as a large transit country Germany continues to be a net
receiver of funds. This transitional tariff system will remain
in effect until the guidelines outlined in the EUs
Regulation on Cross-Border Electricity Trading are applicable.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading |
In order to reach the greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets
set by the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (the Kyoto Protocol),
the EU adopted a directive on emissions trading (Directive
2003/87/ EC Establishing a Scheme for Greenhouse Gas Emission
Allowance Trading Within the Community, or the Emissions
Trading Directive) on October 13, 2003. The Emissions
Trading Directive establishes a greenhouse gas emissions
allowance trading scheme for member states which started in
2005. The trading scheme is currently limited to the trading of
CO2. The first obligatory commitment period under the
Kyoto Protocol will follow from 2008 to 2012. Under the
emissions allowance trading scheme, operators of identified
types of industrial installations within the EU (including
fossil fuel-fired power plants with a thermal input exceeding
20 MW) will be obliged to acquire an emissions permit that
will entitle the installation to emit a specified quantity of
CO2. If an installation exceeds the level of
emissions covered by its allowances (which are initially
allocated free of charge), it will be obliged to buy additional
allowances on the market. If it fails to do so, it will have to
pay a penalty fee. If the emissions of an installation fall
below the level of allocated emissions permits, the allowances
can be sold on the market.
Most EU member states have already transposed the Emissions
Trading Directive into national law. In Germany, in July 2004
the German Parliament passed the so-called Greenhouse Gas
Emissions Trade Act (Treibhausgas-Emissionshandelsgesetz
or TEHG) and in August 2004 the Allocation Act
2007 (Zuteilungsgesetz 2007 or ZuG 2007),
which consists of methods of permit allocation and application
procedures, came into force. Most of E.ON Energies gas-,
oil- and coal-powered generating facilities are covered by the
new legislation. In addition, E.ON Ruhrgas operates several
compressor stations with a thermal capacity exceeding 20 MW
which are covered by the legislation. Pursuant to ZuG 2007, E.ON
Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas applied for the necessary emissions
allowances by year-end 2004. The results of the allocation of
emissions allowances for E.ON Energies covered facilities
by the competent authority (Deutsche Emissionshandelsstelle
or DEHSt) are generally acceptable to E.ON but
there are still some open questions to be discussed with the
DEHSt, with which E.ON Energie has filed an objection with
respect to the allocation of allowances to a number of its
installations. E.ON Energie expects the amount of allowances
granted to its covered facilities to nearly match its emissions,
with a slight shortfall. E.ON considers the results of the
allocation of emissions allowances for E.ON Ruhrgas
covered facilities to be generally acceptable. However, the
current allocation of emissions allowances to E.ON Ruhrgas is
preliminary and some conditions still have to be discussed with
DEHSt.
Emissions allowances have also been allocated in Sweden, Finland
and the Netherlands, and while the Company is generally
satisfied with the allocation, E.ON Benelux has filed an
objection for a single installation. In the United Kingdom,
emissions allowances are expected to be allocated during 2005.
The implementation of the Emissions Trading Directive has only
recently taken effect and the Company cannot currently predict
how the trading of emissions allowances will develop and any
effect this may have on the Companys financial condition
and results of operations. Currently, the Company does not
generally expect the emissions trading scheme to have a negative
impact on its operations.
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Legislative Package on Energy Infrastructure and Security
of Supply |
In December 2003, the European Commission proposed a legislative
package on energy infrastructure and security of supply. The
proposed legislation is currently being discussed by the
European Parliament and the Energy Council, but adoption has not
yet taken place. The most important legislative proposals are:
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Directive proposal on measures to safeguard security of
electricity supply and infrastructure investment. This
proposed directive provides for the introduction of minimum
technical standards for grid operators to provide security of
electricity supply. In addition, transmission system operators
will be required to submit their investment plans for cross
border interconnection to the national authorities on a regular
basis. |
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Directive proposal on energy end-use efficiency and energy
services. This proposed directive sets an annual reduction
target of one percent for energy used in each member state,
which would be achieved by boosting energy efficiency measures
in the EU. |
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Regulation proposal on conditions for access to gas
transmission networks. This proposed regulation covers
access to all gas transmission networks in the EU, and addresses
a number of issues such as access charges, third party access
services, capacity allocation mechanisms, congestion management,
transparency requirements, balancing and imbalance charges,
secondary markets, and information and confidentiality
provisions. The regulation proposal also requires the
establishment of a committee of national experts chaired by the
EU Commission, which will have the authority to revise the rules
annexed to the regulation. |
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Security of Energy Supply (Gas) |
On April 26, 2004, the EU adopted a directive establishing
measures to safeguard the security of the EUs gas supply
(Directive 2004/67/ EC Concerning Measures to Safeguard Security
of Natural Gas Supply, the Gas Supply Directive).
The Gas Supply Directive establishes a common framework within
which member states must define general, transparent and
non-discriminatory security of supply policies compatible with
the requirements of a competitive internal gas market, and
focuses on measures to be taken if severe difficulties arise in
the supply of natural gas. The key elements of the Gas Supply
Directive are:
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Member states must adopt adequate minimum security of supply
standards, and |
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A three step procedure will take effect in the event
of a major supply disruption for a significant period of time.
Under the three step procedure, the gas industry
should take measures as a first response to such a disruption,
followed by national measures taken by member states. In the
event of inadequate measures at the national level, the Gas
Coordination Group, consisting of representatives of member
states, the gas industry and relevant consumers under the
chairmanship of the European Commission, would then decide on
necessary measures. |
The Gas Supply Directive is required to be implemented by each
member state by May 19, 2006.
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Markets in Financial Instruments Directive |
The Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
(MiFID), which substantially revises the existing
Investment Services Directive, was adopted by the EU in April
2004. Member states are required to implement MiFID by April
2006, although this may be subject to delay.
MiFID establishes high level organizational and conduct of
business standards that apply to all investment firms, including
the application of EU capital adequacy standards. The extension
of regulation to include commodity derivatives and investment
advice are two notable features of the directive which
potentially affect energy firms which are active in the trading
business. There are, however, a number of exemptions which could
apply to energy firms, depending on how MiFID is eventually
implemented in the member states. The Company cannot currently
predict how the eventual implementation of MiFID may affect its
operations.
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GERMANY: ELECTRICITY
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The Electricity Feed-in Law and the Renewable Energy
Law |
Under the amended German Stromeinspeisungsgesetz (law
governing renewable electricity fed into the power grid, or
Electricity Feed-In Law), which came into effect in
1998, all regional utilities with standard rate customers were
required to pay for energy produced from renewable resources,
including wind-generated electricity, fed into the grid. The
price paid by the regional utility to the generator of renewable
energy, determined by the average electricity price to the end
user nationwide, typically exceeded the regional utilities
procurement costs, thereby forcing regional utilities to pay
part of the costs of renewable sources of energy. Regional
utilities in whose supply area the feeding plants are located
had to bear these costs.
As this led to distortions in competition, the German Parliament
passed another change in the Electricity Feed-in Law, which came
into effect April 1, 2000. Important aspects of the changed
law, which is called the Renewable Energy Law, include:
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Fixed tariffs for renewable energies: Tariffs for
renewable energies are fixed. For wind turbines coming online in
2005, the tariff is fixed at 8.53
cent/kWh. This
tariff is limited in time, with a general term of five years
that may be extended up to 20 years depending upon the
actual production volume of the installation. After five years,
the tariff is reduced to 5.39
cent/kWh if
150 percent or more of a reference production, which is the
potential production of the installed wind turbine operating
with a constant wind speed of five meters per second over five
years, has been produced. In addition, the fixed tariff is
reduced by two percent for new wind turbines every year. For
wind turbines coming online in 2006, this means a reduction to
8.36 cent/kWh
and 5.28
cent/kWh
respectively. |
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National burden sharing: The Renewable Energy Law assumes
that the subsidy obligation would be passed on in full to the
supplying companies. At the transmission company level, there is
an equalization process covering the whole country. Each
transmission company first determines how much electricity it
takes up under the Renewable Energy Law and how much electricity
in total flows in its region to end users. An equalization will
then be effected among all transmission companies so that all
transmission companies take on and subsidize proportionally
equivalent amounts of renewable electricity under the statute.
The transmission company will then pass these quantities of
electricity and the corresponding costs on to the suppliers
delivering electricity to end users in its region in proportion
to their respective sales. |
The Renewable Energy Law abolished regional differences in
electricity costs for consumers and the related competitive
disadvantages for E.ON Energie. However, the growing production
of energy from wind turbines has led to growing costs for
balancing power, grid extensions and back-up power for power
stations that have to be kept in reserve. This became a growing
burden for E.ON Energie, since almost half of Germanys
wind turbines are situated in the grid control area of E.ON
Energie AG, an area that meets approximately 30 percent of
German electricity demand. In July 2004, the German Parliament
passed an amendment of the Renewable Energy Act which introduced
an obligation for the transmission system operators to share the
effort of balancing power by equally distributing the feed-in of
electricity from wind power according to the electricity
consumption in the area of each transmission system operator. As
a result of this burden sharing mechanism, E.ON Energie is able
to pass a certain amount of balancing costs on to other grid
operators. Other costs caused by renewable energy (grid
extension and back-up power) are, however, currently not part of
the national burden sharing mechanism. E.ON Energie believes
that the tariffs for renewable energies are still too high and
that competition which would bring down the cost of renewable
energy generation has not developed.
In two court rulings dated December 22, 2003, the German
Federal Court of Justice found that contractual provisions used
by E.ONs competitor RWE to impose taxes and levies upon
the customer (so-called Steuer- und
Abgabeklauseln) also apply to the additional burdens
placed on electric power companies by the Renewable Energy Law,
despite the fact that those burdens are neither taxes nor levies
in a legal sense. Although E.ON was not a party to the
proceedings that resulted in these rulings, it believes these
rulings could be a legal base for all German electric power
companies to pass the costs imposed by the Renewable Energy Law
on to their customers.
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Co-Generation Protection Law |
In order to protect existing CHP plants and give incentives to
improve them, the German Parliament passed a new Co-Generation
Protection Law (Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung-Gesetz) on
March 1, 2002, which came into effect on April 1, 2002
and replaced the former Co-Generation Protection Law of May
2000. The new law, which will expire at the end of 2010,
requires local network operators to pay CHP plants the following
bonus payments for electricity that is produced in combination
with heat and fed into the public grid:
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CHP plants that were commissioned before 1990 received 1.53
cent/kWh in 2002
and 2003 and
1.38 cent/kWh
in 2004, and will receive 1.38
cent/kWh in 2005
and
0.97 cent/kWh
in 2006; |
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CHP plants that were commissioned after 1990 received 1.53
cent/kWh in 2002
and 2003 and
1.38 cent/kWh
in 2004, and will receive 1.38
cent/kWh in
2005, 1.23
cent/kWh in 2006
and 2007,
0.82 cent/kWh
in 2008, and 0.56
cent/kWh in 2009; |
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CHP plants that are modernized received 1.74
cent/kWh in 2002
and 2003 and 1.74
cent/kWh in
2004, and will receive 1.69
cent/kWh in 2005
and 2006, 1.64
cent/kWh in 2007
and 2008, and
1.59 cent/kWh
in 2009 and 2010; and |
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Small CHP plants with an installed capacity of less than two MW
received 2.56
cent/kWh in 2002
and 2003 and 2.4
cent/kWh in
2004, and will receive 2.4
cent/kWh in
2005, 2.25
cent/kWh in 2006
and 2007, 2.1
cent/kWh in 2008
and 2009, and 1.94
cent/kWh in 2010. |
The local network operators are in turn allowed to pass on the
costs of the bonus payments to the grid operators, which may
pass on the costs of the bonus system to their customers. A
nationwide equalization process among the utilities was
implemented in order to ensure the equal distribution of the
costs of the bonus system across utilities. In 2005, every
consumer will have to pay an additional approximately 0.34
cent/kWh
(including VAT). Industrial customers only have to pay 0.05
ct/kWh for that
portion of their electricity consumption exceeding 100,000 kWh
per year. For those customers whose electricity costs are higher
than 4 percent of their total turnover, this fee for the
consumption exceeding 100,000 kWh per year is limited to 0.025
cent/kWh. In 2004, the government together with the utilities
started a monitoring process to evaluate the extent to which
CO2 emissions have been reduced as a result of this
law and whether the current bonus payments are adequate.
The European Union has passed a co-generation directive in order
to promote the use of co-generation and thereby increase energy
efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. The directive
corresponds largely to the German national CHP legislation and
will not require a change in current German law.
The First Electricity Directive was implemented in Germany with
a framework for negotiated third party access to high-, medium-
and low-voltage networks agreed by the associations of all
German utilities and of industrial customers
(Verbändevereinbarung, amended as
Verbändevereinbarung II and
Verbändevereinbarung II+). As of
January 1, 2002, Verbändevereinbarung II+
provided for an amended framework for objective and
non-discriminatory grid access by increasing transparency with
respect to grid prices in order to make grid access more
customer-friendly. In addition, traders were offered more
flexibility and the option of booking intra-day capacities. This
agreement was valid until December 2003 as part of the current
Energy Law. Although the Verbändevereinbarung II+
is not officially in force anymore, utilities still act
according to its rules and will continue to do so until the
revised Energy Law is passed.
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Electricity Rate Regulation |
Prices at which local and regional distributors sell electricity
to standard-rate customers are currently regulated by the
economics ministries of each of the German states (as provided
in the Federal Electricity Tariff Regulation
(Bundestarifordnung Elektrizität, or BTO
Elt)) and are normally reset at least every two years. The
rates are set at a level to assure an adequate return on
investment on the basis of the costs and earnings of the
electricity company. However, these governmentally-set ceiling
rates do not completely represent the actual market situation,
with numerous rates offered which are designed to meet different
customers special needs. The
103
average price charged by utilities for an average standard-rate
customer in Germany with an annual consumption of 3,500 kWh
was, according to the VDEW,
17.96 cent
per kWh in 2004 (all taxes included). The average price quoted
by the German Association for Energy Consumption
(VEA) for industrial customers was
7.79 cent
per kWh, while the average price per kWh charged by E.ON Energie
was
8.07 cent
per kWh, as quoted by VEA as of July 1, 2004 (net of tax).
As standard-rate customers may choose between different
suppliers, an integrated rate regulation is generally viewed as
no longer necessary, and according to the draft of the revised
Energy Law, probably should be abandoned. Prices for sales of
electricity by E.ON Energie to regional electricity companies,
municipal utilities and large industrial customers are not
regulated by the BTO Elt; however, they are governed by the GWB,
which requires that no patently unreasonable rates are set.
GERMANY: GAS
Until legislation is passed implementing the Second Gas
Directive, E.ON Ruhrgas will use the framework for third party
access contained in an agreement between E.ON Ruhrgas and the
Competition Directorate-General of the European Commission with
respect to a matter that had been pending before the Competition
Directorate. The agreement contains, among other commitments by
E.ON Ruhrgas with respect to its transmission business such as
greater transparency and improved congestion management, an
agreement to use an entry/exit model for gas grid access. The
agreed entry/exit model was introduced by E.ON Ruhrgas Transport
on November 1, 2004. For more information, see
Business Overview Pan-European Gas
Transmission System and Storage.
Gas and heat rates are not regulated in Germany, but the GWB
does apply. For network access, local distribution tariffs are
currently priced on the basis of a postage stamp tariff,
calculated according to the guidelines set by the
Verbändevereinbarung Gas II for local grids.
Transmission tariffs at the national and regional level are
currently set by network operators using international tariffs
as a benchmark.
U.K.
Liberalization of the electricity and gas industries in the
United Kingdom largely pre-dated the requirements of the First
and Second Electricity and Gas Directives described under
EU/ Germany: General Aspects (Electricity and
Gas) above, but the U.K. regulatory regime is basically
consistent with the terms of such directives. E.ON UK is also
subject to U.K. and EU legislation on competition.
The gas and electricity markets in England, Wales and Scotland
are regulated by a single energy regulator, the Gas and
Electricity Markets Authority (the Authority),
established in November 2000. The Authority is assisted by
Ofgem, which is governed by the Authority. The principal
objective of the Authority is to protect the interests of
consumers of gas and electricity, wherever appropriate, by the
promotion of effective competition in the electricity and gas
industries. The Authority may grant licenses authorizing the
generation, transmission, distribution or supply of electricity
and the transportation, shipping or supply of gas. The Energy
Act 2004 also gives the Authority power to license the operation
of gas and electricity interconnectors. Any such license will
incorporate by reference as appropriate the standard conditions
determined for that type of license, which may be modified by
the Authority. The license may also include other conditions
that the Authority considers appropriate. License conditions may
be modified in accordance with their terms or under the
provisions of the Electricity Act 1989 (as amended) or Gas Act
1986 (as amended), as appropriate. The Authority has power to
impose financial penalties on licensees and/or make enforcement
orders for breach of license conditions and other relevant
requirements.
The Authority also has within its designated areas of
responsibility many of the powers of the Office of Fair Trading
to apply and enforce the prohibitions in the Competition Act
1998 in relation to anti-competitive agreements or abuse of
market dominance, including imposing financial penalties for
breach. Since May 1, 2004, following reform of the EC
competition law regime, the Authority also has the power to
apply Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty, which deal with
control of anti-competitive agreements and abuse of market
dominance. Within its designated areas, the Authority also
exercises concurrently with the Office of Fair Trading certain
functions
104
under the Enterprise Act 2002 relating to the power to make
market investigation references to the Competition Commission.
Unless covered by a license exemption, all electricity
generators operating a power station in England, Wales or
Scotland are required to have a generation license. The
principal generation license within the E.ON U.K. business is
held by E.ON UK. Although generation licenses do not contain
direct price controls, they contain conditions which regulate
various aspects of generators economic behaviour.
The distribution licenses held by Central Networks East and
Central Networks West authorize the licensee to distribute
electricity for the purpose of giving a supply to any premises
in Great Britain. They provide for a distribution services area,
equating to the former authorized area of the former public
electricity suppliers in the East Midlands and West Midlands
areas, respectively, in which the licensee has certain specific
distribution services obligations. Under the Electricity Act
1989 (as amended), an electricity distributor has a duty, except
in certain circumstances, to make a connection between its
distribution system and any premises for the purpose of enabling
electricity to be conveyed to or from the premises and to make a
connection between its distribution system and any distribution
system of another authorized distributor, for the purpose of
enabling electricity to be conveyed to or from that other system.
The distribution licenses place price controls on distribution.
The current distribution price controls are in effect until
March 2005. Ofgem has proposed the electricity price control
review allowed income for operating and investing in the network
as well as five year performance targets for the period April
2005 to March 2010 and this has been accepted in principle by
all the electricity distribution companies in the United
Kingdom. The relevant license conditions to give effect to the
agreement in principle are now being discussed with Ofgem for
implementation by April 2005.
The supply license held by Powergen Retail Limited authorizes
the licensee to supply electricity to any premises in Great
Britain. It provides for a supply services area, equating to the
former authorized area of Powergen Energy plc, as the former
public electricity supplier in the East Midlands, in which the
licensee has certain specific supply services obligations. The
supply license used to place price controls on supply; however,
these price controls lapsed after March 31, 2002. Following
the end of the price controls, Ofgem relies on monitoring
competition and, where necessary, using its powers under the
Competition Act 1998 to tackle abuse. In addition, Ofgem is
pursuing a range of measures under its Social Action Plan to
help vulnerable and low income customers. It is also continuing
to work with the industry to improve the process for customers
when they switch suppliers.
On August 25, 2004, the Authority confirmed a GBP700,000
financial penalty on Powergen Retail Limited, for incorrectly
objecting to the transfer of more than 20,000 domestic customers
to new gas or electricity suppliers between October 2002 and
July 2003. The penalty was initially proposed by Ofgem in July
2004 following an investigation by Ofgems enforcement
team. Powergen Retail Limited accepted the penalty and revised
its procedures concerning customers in debt.
A separate supply license is held by E.ON UK, which does not
extend to supply to domestic premises. E.ON UK also continues to
hold a second-tier supply license for Northern Ireland (to which
the Utilities Act 2000 generally does not extend).
Following the acquisition of the U.K. retail energy business of
the TXU Group in October 2002, E.ON UK also holds a number of
additional electricity and gas supply licenses through certain
of the companies that were acquired as part of that deal.
Customers supplied under these licenses are being migrated to
the supply licenses held by Powergen Retail Limited and E.ON UK.
Under section 33BC of the Gas Act 1986, section 41A of the
Electricity Act 1989 and section 103 of the Utilities Act 2000,
electricity and gas suppliers are subject to a statutory
obligation (known as the Energy Efficiency Commitment (EEC))
which requires them to achieve targets for installing energy
efficiency measures in the household sector. The current
obligation covers the period from April 1, 2002 to
March 31, 2005. The U.K. government has decided to
extend the EEC for a further six years and require savings at
about twice the
105
level of the current EEC, achieving reductions in CO2
emissions of about 0.7 million tons of carbon per annum by
2010. It has accordingly imposed a further obligation covering
the period from April 1, 2005 to March 31, 2008 (known
as the Electricity and Gas (Energy Efficiency Obligations) Order
2004). The U.K. government estimates the cost to suppliers of
this requirement will be about GBP9 per year for each of their
gas and electricity customers, although the actual cost will
depend on the cost to suppliers of contracting for energy
efficiency measures, which is to some extent uncertain. E.ON UK
would expect to recover these costs from customers, but can give
no assurance that it will be able to do so.
Licenses to ship gas and to supply gas are held by a number of
companies in the U.K. market unit.
E.ON UK operates gas pipelines that are subject to the Pipelines
Act 1962 (as amended), including pipelines at Killingholme,
Cottam and Connahs Quay. This legislation gives third
parties rights to apply to the Secretary of State for a
direction requiring the pipeline owner to make spare capacity
available to the third party.
NORDIC
Electricity. The main legislation applicable to the
electricity industry in Sweden is the Swedish Electricity Act
(Ellag (1997:857), or the Electricity Act)
that came into force on January 1, 1998.
The Electricity Act promotes competition by creating opportunity
for customers to enter into agreements with the supplier of the
customers choice. In order to further ensure competition
in sales of electricity, the Electricity Act also required the
legal unbundling of the generation/sales and the transmission
and distribution businesses, so that transmission and
distribution operations are carried out by a separate legal
entity. As a consequence, electricity customers in Sweden have
separate contracts with a retail supplier and an electricity
distributor. In Sweden, retail prices are not regulated.
Transmission and distribution of electricity are considered to
be natural monopolies and are subject to regulation. The Swedish
Energy Agency (STEM) grants licenses to erect power
lines and carry on distribution operations. As the regulator for
the Swedish electricity and gas markets, STEM has the authority
to supervise the monopoly transmission and distribution
businesses in order to protect the interests of the customers.
STEM also oversees third party access to the networks. It
monitors network charges and other terms for the transmission
and distribution of electricity and is responsible for setting
certain standards with respect to transmission and distribution.
In Sweden, the high-voltage transmission grid is owned and
operated by Svenska Kraftnät, the state-owned national grid
company. The mid- and low-voltage distribution grids are owned
and operated by a large number of both privately and publicly
owned companies. A spot tariff, consisting of an annual
connection fee and an hourly transmission charge, applies for
access to the national transmission as well as the regional and
local distribution grids. Market participants pay for the right
to feed in or take out electricity at just one point, which
gives the participant access to the entire grid system and
enables it to trade with any of the other market participants in
the Nordic grid system. STEM also monitors quality of supply
data for statistical reasons.
Changes in the Electricity Act regarding distribution regulation
came into force in July 2002. The amendments provide that
distribution tariffs be reasonable compared to the distribution
companies performance. The concept of performance will
initially be defined by STEM, which has constructed a fictitious
network for each utility in order to calculate the resources
needed for the distribution of electricity. The resulting value
of the network will then be compared to the utilitys
actual revenues in order to assess the reasonableness of the
distribution tariffs.
For this purpose STEM has created a model called the
Network Performance Assessment Model. The model will
be used for the first time with respect to 2003 distribution
tariffs. Swedish distribution companies have reported the
required information to STEM, which now is examining the
operation of the companies. STEM decided in December 2004 to
prolong its inspection of a number of Swedish distribution
companies, primarily for administrative reasons. With respect to
Sydkrafts operations, one very small distribution company
was subject to inspections due to an unfavorable efficiency
ratio.
106
The Electricity Act is currently being reviewed to determine if
amendments will be necessary as a result of the Second
Electricity Directive. A government bill has recently been
presented by the government, but no final decision regarding any
changes in the Electricity Act has yet been made.
Gas. In order to comply with the requirements of the
First Gas Directive, a Swedish Natural Gas Act (Naturgaslag
(2000:599) or the Natural Gas Act) was
implemented in August 2000. The Natural Gas Act does not
stipulate legal unbundling of the transmission and supply
businesses but requires separate accounting for the transmission
business and non-discriminatory third party access to gas
networks. The Natural Gas Act also requires that gas tariffs be
published for eligible customers. Tariffs are checked by STEM
ex-post.
The Swedish government is currently preparing new legislation
based on the requirements of the Second Gas Directive, which may
take effect in mid-2005. The main elements of the initial draft
legislation are that all non-household customers will be able to
choose their gas supplier; that legal unbundling of gas
transmission and supply be introduced; that network access be
based on published tariffs; and that the criteria for tariffs be
pre-approved by STEM while network revenues remain subject to
examination by STEM ex-post. STEM is currently developing a
model for the supervision of grid tariffs. As no final decision
regarding the draft legislation has been made yet, the Company
cannot yet predict any consequences of this legislation.
Renewable Energy and Electricity Certificates. The
Swedish electricity certificate system has been in operation
since May 2003. The objective of the system, which is based on
the Swedish Act on Electricity Certificates (SCS
2003:313), is to increase the volume of electricity produced
from renewable energy sources by 10 TWh by 2010 as compared with
the 2002 level. For more information about the system, see
Business Overview Nordic Market
Environment.
During 2004 STEM gave the Ministry of Sustainable Development
recommendations on the electricity certificate system based on
an analysis of the system. STEM recommended that the electricity
certificate system be made permanent and that long-term quota
levels be set if necessary investments in renewable energy are
to take place. Due in part to this analysis, the Swedish
government is expected to deliver proposals on an amendment of
the Act on Electricity Certificates to the Swedish Parliament
during 2005.
The main legislation applicable to the Finnish electricity
industry is the Electricity Market Act
(Sähkömarkkinalaki (386/1995), or the
Electricity Market Act), which came into effect in
June 1995. The Electricity Market Act pre-dated the requirements
of the First Electricity Directive, but is basically consistent
with the terms of that directive. The purpose of the Electricity
Market Act is to ensure preconditions for an efficiently
functioning electricity market so as to secure the sufficient
supply of high-standard electricity at reasonable prices. The
Electricity Market Act contains regulations for distribution and
transmission companies with regard to electricity network
licenses, general obligations and pricing principles for network
operation, systems responsibility, balance responsibility and
balance determination, construction of electricity networks,
retail sale of electricity and unbundling of operations. Under
the Electricity Market Act, generation, retail and electricity
trading are subject to competition, while transmission and
distribution remain regulated natural monopolies. The Finnish
government amended the Electricity Market Act at the end of 2004
because the legislation did not meet all the requirements of the
Second Electricity Directive, in particular the requirement for
legal unbundling.
The Finnish energy regulator, the Energy Market Authority
(EMA), is an expert body subordinate to the Finnish
Ministry of Trade and Industry. Its operation started in June
1995, at the same time as the Electricity Market Act took effect.
Electricity and natural gas network operation in a specific
geographical area is subject to license, with only one license
allowed per specific geographical area. The EMA grants network
licenses to utilities engaged in distribution operations.
Moreover, the EMA also grants permits for constructing high
voltage power lines.
The pricing of network services, such as connection,
distribution and metering, must be public, reasonable,
non-discriminatory and regionally impartial. The EMA supervises
and monitors the pricing of transmission and distribution
services of the regional network operators and the national
grid. Moreover, the EMA also intervenes in the terms and prices
of network services that are considered to restrict competition.
The EMA can forbid a
107
network operator from applying a pricing system that does not
meet requirements and can obligate the company to correct its
pricing within three months. The EMA itself cannot impose any
penalty on network operators.
In order to comply with all of the requirements of the Second
Electricity Directive, the Finnish government has revised the
regulations on pricing supervision with effect from
January 1, 2005. The new regulation provides for evaluation
of the reasonableness of distribution pricing based on the
network operators rate of return, combined with efficiency
requirements. The first regulatory period will cover the years
2005-2007, with a five year period to follow. The EMA has set
allowed annual profits for this period; the allowed income level
is approximately the same as in 2004. The reasonableness of
distribution pricing is evaluated ex-post. In cases where the
EMA determines that over-charging has occurred, network
operators must return the excess profits to customers.
U.S. MIDWEST
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Retail Electric Rate Regulation |
The KPSC has regulatory jurisdiction over the rates and service
of LG&E and KU and over the issuance of certain of their
securities. The Virginia State Corporation Commission also has
parallel regulatory jurisdiction with respect to certain of
KUs operations. The KPSC and Virginia State Corporation
Commission, respectively, regulate the rates and services of
LG&E or KU and, via periodic public rate cases and other
proceedings, establish tariffs governing the rates LG&E and
KU may charge customers. Because KU owns and operates a small
amount of electric utility property in Tennessee and serves less
than 10 customers there, KU is also subject to the jurisdiction
of the Tennessee Regulatory Authority.
LG&E and KU are each a public utility as defined
in the Federal Power Act. Each is subject to the jurisdiction of
the Department of Energy and the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission with respect to the matters covered in the Federal
Power Act, including the wholesale sale of electric energy in
interstate commerce. In addition, the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission and certain states share jurisdiction over the
issuance by public utilities of short-term securities.
On December 29, 2003, LG&E and KU filed general rate
case applications with the KPSC seeking increases in regulated
tariffs. LG&Es last electric rate case was in 1990 and
its last gas rate case was in 2000; KUs last rate case was
in 1983. LG&E requested an increase in its annual electric
rates of an aggregate of $63.8 million or 11.3 percent
and an increase in its annual gas rates of an aggregate of
$19.1 million or 5.4 percent. KU requested an increase
of an aggregate of $58.3 million or 8.5 percent. On
June 30, 2004, the KPSC issued an order approving increases
in the base electric and gas rates of LG&E and the base
electric rates of KU. In the KPSCs order, LG&E was
granted increases in annual base electric rates of approximately
$43.4 million or 7.7 percent and in annual base gas rates
of approximately $11.9 million or 3.4 percent. KU was
granted an increase in annual base electric rates of
approximately $46.1 million or 6.8 percent. The rate
increases took effect on July 1, 2004. The Attorney General
of Kentucky has challenged these rate increases and commenced an
inquiry into the regulatory process which led to them. The
inquiry and proceedings before the KPSC and certain Kentucky
courts regarding such challenges are expected to continue during
2005 and it is uncertain when such matters will be concluded or
whether they will ultimately have an effect on the rate
increase. Pending the results of such matters, LG&E and KU
are charging customers the approved higher rates
The electric rates of LG&E and KU in Kentucky contain fuel
adjustment clauses whereby increases and decreases in the cost
of fuel for electric generation are reflected in the rates
charged to all retail electric customers. The KPSC requires
public hearings at six-month intervals to examine past fuel
adjustments, and at two-year intervals to review past operations
of the fuel clause and transfer the then-current fuel adjustment
charge or credit to the base charges. At present, the KPSC also
requires that electric utilities, including LG&E and KU,
publicly file certain documents relating to fuel procurement and
the purchase of power and energy from other utilities.
Through December 31, 2003, the electric rates LG&E and
KU charge in Kentucky were also subject to an earnings sharing
mechanism (ESM). The ESM was originally put in place
for three years beginning January 1, 2000. Prior to the
expiration of the ESM at the end of 2002, LG&E and KU filed
a request for a three-year
108
continuation of the ESM in its previous form through
December 31, 2005. In January 2003, the KPSC approved the
ESM continuation for 2003, subject to prospective change as a
result of further proceedings. The KPSCs order approving
new base rates effective July 1, 2004 terminated the ESM
for all periods after 2003, but allowed for recovery of amounts
requested through 2003. Under the ESM settlement, during the
period through March 2005 LG&E and KU are collecting from
customers approximately $13.0 million and
$16.2 million, respectively, of ESM revenue earned in 2003.
LG&Es and KUs electric rates in Kentucky contain
an environmental cost recovery surcharge which recovers costs
incurred by LG&E or KU that are required to comply with the
U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (the Clean Air
Act) and other environmental regulations. The magnitude of
the surcharge fluctuates with the amount of approved
environmental compliance costs incurred during each rate period.
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Retail Gas Rate Regulation |
LG&Es gas rates in Kentucky contain a gas supply
charge, whereby increases or decreases in the cost of gas supply
are reflected in LG&Es rates, subject to approval of
the KPSC. The gas supply charge procedure prescribed by order of
the KPSC provides for quarterly rate adjustments to reflect the
expected cost of gas supply in that quarter. In addition, the
gas supply charge contains a mechanism whereby any over- or
under-recoveries of gas supply cost from prior quarters will be
refunded to or recovered from customers through the adjustment
factor.
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Transmission Developments |
A number of regional or industry-wide FERC proceedings regarding
transmission market structure changes are in varying stages of
development. In August 2004, MISO filed its FERC-required
proposed Transmission and Energy Markets Tariff
(TEMT). In September and October 2004, many
MISO-related parties (including LG&E and KU) filed proposals
with the FERC regarding pending MISO-filed changes to
transmission pricing principles, including the TEMT and
elimination of through-and-out transmission
(T&O) charges. Additional filings of the
companies before FERC in September 2004 sought to address issues
relating to the treatment of certain grandfathered
transmission agreements (GFAs) should TEMT
become effective. The utility proposals generally seek to
appropriately delay the T&O and TEMT effective dates based
upon errors in administrative or procedural processes used by
FERC or to appropriately limit potential reductions in
transmission revenues received by the utilities should the
T&O, TEMT or GFA structures be implemented. At present,
existing FERC orders conditionally approve elimination of
T&O rates and implementation of general TEMT rates in MISO
by spring 2005. At this time, LG&E and KU cannot predict the
outcome or effects of the various FERC proceedings described
above, including whether such will have a material impact on the
financial condition or results of operations of the companies.
Financial consequences (changes in transmission revenues and
costs) associated with the upcoming transmission market tariff
changes are subject to varying assumptions and calculations and
are therefore difficult to estimate. One component, the
MISO-related administrative costs, are estimated by LG&E and
KU at approximately $15 million annually over the period
2005-2010. Changes in revenues and costs related to broader
shifts in energy market practices and economics are not
currently estimable. Should LG&E or KU be ordered to exit
MISO, current MISO rules may also impose an exit fee. LG&E
and KU are not able to predict the estimated outcome or economic
impact of any of the MISO-related matters. While LG&E and KU
believe legal and regulatory precedent should permit most or
many of the MISO-related costs to be recovered in their rates
charged to customers, they can give no assurance that state or
federal regulators will ultimately agree with such position with
respect to all costs, components or timing of recovery.
Integrated resource planning regulations in Kentucky require
LG&E, KU and other major utilities to make triennial filings
with the KPSC of historical and forecasted information relating
to forecasted load, capacity margins and demand-side management
techniques. The two utilities plan to file their next integrated
resource plan in April 2005.
109
Pursuant to Kentucky law, the KPSC has established the service
boundaries for LG&E, KU and other utility companies, other
than municipal corporations, within which each such supplier has
the exclusive right to render retail electric service.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
GENERAL
E.ON is subject to numerous national and local environmental
laws and regulations concerning its operations, products and
other activities in the various jurisdictions in which it
operates. Although E.ON believes that its domestic and
international production facilities and operations are currently
in material compliance with the laws and regulations with
respect to environmental matters, such laws and regulations
could require E.ON to take future action to remediate the
effects on the environment of prior disposal or release of
substances or waste. Such laws and regulations could apply to
various sites, including power plants, pipelines and gas storage
facilities, chemicals plants, waste disposal sites and chemicals
warehouses. Such laws and regulations could also require E.ON to
install additional controls for certain of its emission sources
or undertake changes in its operations in future years. For
greater detail on the application of environmental laws and
regulations to E.ONs operations, see below. E.ON has
established and continues to establish accruals for
environmental liabilities where it is probable that a liability
will be incurred and the amount of liability can be reasonably
estimated. The provisions made are considered to be sufficient
for known requirements. E.ON adjusts accruals as new remediation
commitments are made and as information becomes available which
changes estimates previously made.
The extent and cost of future environmental restoration and
remediation programs are inherently difficult to estimate. They
depend on the magnitude of any possible contamination, the
timing and extent of corrective actions required and E.ONs
share of liability relative to that of other responsible parties.
Any failure to comply with present or future environmental laws
or regulations could result in the imposition of fines,
suspension of operations or production or alteration of
production processes. Such laws or regulations could also
require acquisition of expensive remediation equipment or other
expenditures to comply with environmental regulation.
GERMANY: ELECTRICITY
Air Pollution. All of E.ON Energies plants are
subject to EU and/or national regulations, and are equipped
where necessary with pollution removal devices. The most
important pollution law applicable to E.ON Energies German
plants is the German Federal Pollution Control Act
(Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetz, or BImSchG)
and its implementing ordinances. One of such ordinances, the
Ordinance on Large Combustion Plants (Verordnung über
Großfeuerungsanlagen, or 13. BImSchV), sets
stringent emission limits for power stations for all known air
pollutants, such as sulphur oxides (SOx),
nitrogen oxides (NOx) and dust. The relevant emissions of E.ON
Energies power plants are continuously measured and
reported. Due to the extensive installation of scrubbers,
catalysts, electrostatic precipitators and other pollution
control devices, E.ON Energies power plants comply with
all current requirements. In order to implement the EU
environmental guideline 2001/80/ EU, the German government
amended 13. BImSchV in 2004 to introduce lower emission limits.
Because of the reduction in emission limits, especially for
particulate emissions, some of E.ON Energies power plants
require retrofitting of their instrumentation and/or
electrostatic precipitators in order to comply with the amended
ordinance. E.ON Energie expects to implement most of these
retrofits between 2008 and 2011. The total cost of compliance is
currently expected to be between
8 million
and
40 million,
but this cost estimate is preliminary and the Company may incur
greater than expected costs in complying with the amended
ordinance.
Emission trading for carbon dioxide started in the EU on
January 1, 2005. For details on the Emissions Trading
Directive, applicable German legislation and effects on E.ON
Energie, see Regulatory Environment.
110
Nuclear Energy. Details of E.ON Energies nuclear
power operations in Germany and those of its 20 percent
minority investee BKW in Switzerland can be found under
Business Overview Central Europe
Power Generation and Other above. E.ON
Energie does not own interests in or operate any nuclear power
facilities in any other country. German safety standards for
nuclear power stations are among the most stringent in the
world. German nuclear power regulations are found in the AtG and
a number of national regulations, guidelines and technical
rules. The German regulatory framework regarding nuclear power
regulations is also governed by international agreements,
including the Euratom Agreement, dated March 23, 1957
(Euratomvertrag), the Paris Liability Agreement, dated
July 29, 1960 (Pariser Haftungsübereinkommen),
and the Non-Proliferation Treaty, dated July 1, 1968
(Nichtverbreitungsvertrag).
Under the AtG, the import, export, transportation or storage of
nuclear materials (Kernbrennstoff) requires the approval
and supervision of regulatory authorities. The building,
operating, owning or materially altering by any entity of any
plants or installations that produce, fission or otherwise
process or reprocess nuclear materials (Nuclear
Plants) also requires approvals of, and is supervised by,
regulatory authorities. Approvals can be subject to limitations
or conditions, including conditions subsequent, and may also be
subsequently revoked if they are not complied with or one of
their preconditions has ceased to exist. The regulatory
authorities may also give orders to obtain information from,
enter and inspect any Nuclear Plants.
According to the AtG, radioactive wastes and dismantled
radioactive parts must either be recycled or permanently
disposed of by any entity handling or otherwise using nuclear
power. The AtG follows the so-called polluter pays
principle, which requires such entity to pay for the recycling
or permanent disposal of nuclear waste.
Liability. In case of environmental damages, the owner of
a German facility is subject to liability provisions that
guarantee comprehensive compensation to all injured parties.
Because of achievements in pollution control, the issue of
environmental damage due to air pollutants from electric
utilities has not recently been a subject of public debate in
Germany. In general, subjects such as acid rain, as well as high
concentrations of ground level ozone have been linked to
accumulated deposits from many emission sources or, in the case
of the ozone, predominantly from traffic emissions. There has
been some relaxation in the evidence required under the German
Environmental Liability Law (Umwelthaftungsgesetz) to
establish and quantify environmental claims. If claims were to
arise in relation to environmental damages and plaintiffs were
successful in overcoming problems of proof and other issues,
such claims could result in costs to E.ON Energie that might be
material. So far as E.ON Energie is aware, no material
environmental claims have been made against it and, under
current circumstances, E.ON Energie does not believe that there
is a significant risk of material liability in respect of any
potential claims.
In case of a nuclear accident in Germany, the owner of the
reactor, the factory or the nuclear materials storage facility
(the Proprietor) is subject to liability provisions
that guarantee comprehensive compensation to all injured
parties. Under German nuclear power regulations, the Proprietor
is strictly liable, and the geographical scope of its liability
is not limited to Germany or the contractual territory of the
Paris Liability Agreement. The Proprietor is in principle
subject to unlimited liability. The AtG and the Regulation
regarding the Provision for Coverage pursuant to the AtG
(Atomrechtliche Deckungsvorsorge-Verordnung, or
AtDeckV) require every Proprietor to provide
liability coverage by either insurance or financial security.
The amount of coverage required is reevaluated every five years.
In February 2002, the AtG was amended and the required liability
coverage was increased from
256 million
to
2.5 billion.
E.ON Energie has insurance covering the first
256 million
of damages. To provide liability coverage for the additional
amounts required by the AtG amendment, the German nuclear power
plant operators entered into a solidarity agreement to cover the
increase, which provides that the costs of liability exceeding
the operators own resources and those of its parent
company in the event of a nuclear accident will be covered by a
pool, with the nuclear facility operators having a mutual
responsibility to cover each others damages. For details,
see Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements. For this reason, the AtG amendment has resulted in
only a slight cost increase for liability coverage.
111
GERMANY: GAS
Air Pollution. The construction and operation of E.ON
Ruhrgas gas pipeline system is subject to EU and national
law, rules and regulations. The most important pollution law
applicable to E.ON Ruhrgas gas transport and storage
facilities is the BImSchG and its implementing ordinances. E.ON
Ruhrgas facilities comply with all of the current
requirements. One of such ordinances, 13. BImSchV, was recently
amended to require reduced emission limits also for existing gas
turbines for air pollutants such as NOx and carbon
monoxide (by 2015). For more information, see
Germany: Electricity. E.ON Ruhrgas uses
gas turbines to drive compressors for gas transportation and
storage. If the turbines do not comply with the new emission
limits, E.ON Ruhrgas will have to take measures to retrofit the
non-complying turbines. E.ON Ruhrgas cannot currently quantify
the measures that will be required by the amendment of 13.
BImSchV. Any other amendments to or new environmental
legislation that creates new or more stringent environmental
standards could also affect the future operation of E.ON
Ruhrgas facilities and related costs.
Emission trading for carbon dioxide started in the EU on
January 1, 2005. For details on the Emissions Trading
Directive, applicable German legislation and effects on E.ON
Ruhrgas, see Regulatory Environment.
Gas Storage. Natural gas underground storage facilities
in Germany are subject to the 12th Ordinance on the
Implementation of the German Federal Pollution Control Act
(12. Verordnung zur Durchführung des
Bundesimmissionsschutzgesetzes, or
Störfallverordnung), which came into force in May
2000. Since then, all facilities operated by E.ON Ruhrgas have
complied with all relevant requirements. Further compliance is
continuously measured and reported by public authorities.
For information on E.ON Ruhrgas environmental management
system, see Business Overview
Pan-European Gas Transmission System and
Storage. For information on the German Environmental
Liability Law, see Germany: Electricity above.
U.K.
While E.ON UK in the United Kingdom is subject to the same EU
environmental legislation as is E.ON Energie (described above
under Germany: Electricity), details of
the implementation of that legislation as adopted in the United
Kingdom differ from those implemented by the German government.
E.ON UK is also subject to national legislation which includes
the obligations of the United Kingdom and international
conventions to which the United Kingdom adheres. These
obligations relate principally to emissions from generating
facilities to air, notably SO2, NOx and
dust. Although historically such legislation has primarily
affected coal-fired plants, all fossil-fuelled generation may be
impacted in the future. E.ON UK is currently in compliance with
all applicable emissions regulations.
As an alternative to setting rigid emission limit values, the EU
Large Combustion Plants Directive allows each member state to
include all its existing large combustion plant within a single
National Emissions Reduction Plan. The U.K. government has
prepared such a plan. A consultation exercise on the approach to
be adopted is in progress. Once the Large Combustion Plants
Directive has been implemented, E.ON UK will need to determine
what measures it intends to take to comply, such as upgrading
pollution control devices, reducing plant operating time or
closing selected plants.
The U.K. government has published the regulations necessary to
establish a greenhouse gas emissions allowance trading scheme,
as required by the EUs Emissions Trading Directive. For
more information on the Emissions Trading Directive, see
Regulatory Environment. The draft
regulations for implementing the trading scheme were published
in January 2004, releasing for consultation a draft National
Allocation Plan which includes the proposed allocations of
CO2 emissions allowances for E.ON UKs plants,
as well as details of the operation of the emissions allowance
trading scheme. The proposed trading scheme requires that each
participating plant be covered by a greenhouse gas emissions
permit, which initially will be issued free of charge. E.ON UK
has made the necessary applications for permits and is currently
participating in the consultation process.
112
The timing and scale of the costs that E.ON UK may incur in
connection with the implementation of the Emissions Trading
Directive and the Large Combustion Plants Directive remain
unclear at the present time.
Each of E.ON UKs fossil-fuelled power stations in the
United Kingdom is required to have an Integrated Pollution
Control Authorization, issued by a government agency, which
regulates releases to the environment and seeks to minimize
their impact. The current system of authorizations is to be
expanded via a new permitting system to cover a wider range of
matters such as noise, waste minimization and energy
conservation, reflecting extended requirements now applicable to
all new installations. Existing power stations are to be brought
under the newly-expanded regime during 2006.
Using the flexibility available to it, E.ON UK has responded to
the requirements imposed by emission controls with a combination
of actions, notably the increased use of gas-fired CCGT plants,
the use of low sulphur content fuels, the installation of
emission abatement equipment and the development of renewable
energy systems.
E.ON UK has operated its own environmental management system
since 1991. On January 1, 1999, E.ON U.K. achieved
corporate certification to ISO 14001, the international standard
for environmental management, for its electricity production,
gas operations and associated services. The certificate was
renewed on November 1, 2004 for a further three years.
E.ON UK is also subject to environmental regulations affecting
its business, including the registration of equipment possibly
contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
and packaging waste regulations. In May 2000, new PCB
regulations were introduced requiring companies to register all
equipment that is known to be contaminated with PCBs. In
addition, companies must register all other relevant equipment
that cannot be reasonably assumed not to contain
PCBs. E.ON UK believes that it has registered all equipment that
has any possibility of containing regulated trace amounts
(between 50-500 parts per million) of PCBs.
In order to comply with applicable packaging waste regulations,
E.ON UK has joined an appropriate recycling scheme. The majority
of the waste involved is paper.
NORDIC
Air Pollution. The power generation plants of Sydkraft
and E.ON Finland are subject to EU, international and/ or
national regulations, and are equipped where necessary with
pollution removal devices. In Sweden and Finland, production
plants are subject to emission limits for air pollutants such as
SOx, NOx and dust.
In Sweden there are taxes attached to emitting SOx
(for coal, oil and peat), CO2 (for coal, oil, natural
gas and liquified petroleum gas) and NOx. In Finland,
excise taxes are applied to the different fuels according to
their carbon content. There are also limits for the sulphur
content of coal and oils to be used in energy generation. In
addition, oil is subject to oil damage duties.
The relevant emissions of Sydkrafts and E.ON
Finlands power plants are continuously measured and
reported.
Emission trading for carbon dioxide started in the EU on
January 1, 2005. For details on the Emissions Trading
Directive, applicable to legislation and effects on Sydkraft and
E.ON Finland see Regulatory Environment.
Nuclear Energy. In Sweden, the regulatory framework
regarding nuclear power regulations is also governed by the
international agreements discussed in Germany:
Electricity above. In addition, Swedish nuclear power
regulations are governed by Swedish law, mainly the Law
Concerning Nuclear Activity, the Law Concerning Nuclear
Liability and the Law Concerning Financing of Treatment of
Nuclear Waste. Under Swedish law, the owner of a nuclear power
station is obliged to conduct operations in such a manner that
the required safety standards are maintained and is responsible
for nuclear waste storage. The owner must also carry out the
phase out of nuclear operations, including plant
decommissioning. A license is required in order to own a nuclear
facility, which is granted by the Swedish government on
recommendation by the Swedish Nuclear Authority, which
supervises all nuclear facilities in Sweden.
113
According to the Law Concerning Financing of Treatment of
Nuclear Waste, the owner of a nuclear facility in Sweden is
under the obligation to pay an amount determined by the Swedish
government for each kWh produced in the facility to the Swedish
Nuclear Waste Fund. The amounts thus paid, together with any
capital gains on the amounts, are to cover the costs for phase
out and closure of the facility. In accordance with Swedish law,
Sydkraft has also given guarantees to governmental authorities
to cover possible additional costs related to the disposal of
high-level radioactive waste and nuclear power plant
decommissioning. See also Note 25 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
For more information about Sydkrafts nuclear power
operations, see Business Overview
Nordic Power Generation. Sydkraft does not own
interests in or operate any nuclear power facilities in any
country other than Sweden, and E.ON Finland does not own
interests in or operate any nuclear power facilities.
Liability. In Sweden, the owner of a nuclear facility is
liable for damages caused by accidents in the nuclear facility
and accidents caused by nuclear substances to and from the
facility. The liability is limited to an amount equal to
341 million
per accident, which must be insured according to the Law
Concerning Nuclear Liability. Sydkraft has the necessary
insurance for its nuclear power plants.
Currently, a government investigation is ongoing regarding
nuclear liabilities. To date, it is unclear if and to what
extent this investigation will lead to an adjustment of the
nuclear liability limit in Sweden.
U.S. MIDWEST
LG&E Energys operations are subject to a number of
environmental laws and regulations in each of the jurisdictions
in which it operates governing, among other things, air
emissions, wastewater discharges, the use, handling and disposal
of hazardous substances and wastes, soil and groundwater
contamination and employee health and safety.
The Clean Air Act imposed stringent new SO2 and
NOx emission limits on electric generating units
located in the United States. LG&E had previously installed
flue gas desulphurisation equipment on all of its generating
units, while KU and WKE met their Phase I SO2
requirements primarily through installation of flue gas
desulphurisation equipment on Ghent Unit 1 and
Henderson 1 and 2, respectively. LG&E Energys
combined strategy for Phase II, which commenced
January 1, 2000, uses accumulated emissions allowances to
defer additional capital expenditures and also includes fuel
switching or the installation of additional flue gas
desulphurisation equipment. LG&E, KU and WKE met the
NOx emission requirements of the Clean Air Act
through installation of low-NOx burner systems.
LG&E Energys compliance plans are subject to many
factors, including developments in the emission allowance and
fuel markets, future regulatory and legislative initiatives, and
advances in clean air control technology. LG&E Energy will
continue to monitor these developments to ensure that its
environmental obligations are met in the most efficient and
cost-effective manner.
In September 1998, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) announced its final NOx SIP
Call rule requiring significant additional reductions in
NOx emissions by May 2003, in order to mitigate
alleged ozone transport to the northeastern United States. While
each of the 19 states covered by the rule is free to allocate
its assigned NOx reductions among various emissions
sectors as it deems appropriate, the regulations currently
require electric generating units to reduce their NOx
emissions to 0.15 pounds weight per million British thermal unit
(lb./ MMBtu) an 85 percent
reduction from 1990 levels. Kentucky revised its State
Implementation Plan (SIP) to require reductions in
NOx emissions from coal-fired generating units to the
0.15 lb./ MMBtu level on a system-wide basis in June 2002. In
related proceedings in response to petitions filed by various
northeastern states, in December 1999, the EPA issued a final
rule directing similar NOx reductions from a number
of specifically named electric generating units, including all
LG&E and KU stations in the eastern half of Kentucky. As a
result of appeals to both rules, the compliance date was
extended to May 2004. All LG&E Energy generating units met
the May 2004 compliance date under these NOx
emissions reduction rules.
LG&E Energy is completing a NOx control plan at
its generating units at LG&E, KU and WKE. Installation of
additional NOx controls, including selective
catalystic control technology, began in 2000. Appropriate
NOx control equipment was placed into service as
required, associated with May 2004 as final compliance date.
LG&E Energy estimates that it will incur total capital costs
of approximately $539 million through 2006 (of which
114
approximately $516 million was incurred through year-end
2004) to reduce its NOx emissions to the 0.15 lb./
MMBtu level on a company-wide basis. In addition, LG&E
Energy will incur additional operating and maintenance costs in
operating new NOx controls and expects to make
additional capital expenditures to reduce SO2
emissions totaling $737 million through 2009. LG&E
Energy believes its costs in this regard to be comparable to
those of similarly situated utilities with like generation
assets. With respect to costs incurred at LG&E and KU, in
April 2001 the KPSC granted recovery of these costs under their
environmental surcharge mechanisms.
During 2004, portions of LG&E Energys service
territory were examined by the EPA and state environmental
agencies for potential designation as non-attainment areas under
EPA rules regarding ozone and particulate emissions. If such a
designation is made following the review and assessment stages,
rules applicable to LG&E Energy regarding additional
reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions may be
completed by 2007. The effect on LG&E Energy of such rules
is not yet determinable, but could include increases in capital
expenditures and operating costs.
LG&E Energy is also monitoring several other air quality
issues that may potentially impact coal-fired power plants.
These include the appeal of the District of Columbia
Circuits remand of the EPAs revised air quality
standards for ozone and particulate matter, measures to
implement the EPAs regional haze rule, the Clean Air
Interstate Rule relating to acid rain transport and the
EPAs December 2000 determination to regulate mercury
emissions from power plants. In addition, LG&E Energy is
currently working with local regulatory authorities to review
the effectiveness of remedial measures aimed at controlling
particulate matter emissions from its Mill Creek Station.
LG&E previously settled a number of property damage claims
from adjacent residents and completed significant remedial
measures as part of its ongoing capital construction program.
From time to time, LG&E Energy conducts negotiations with
the applicable regulatory authorities to finalize cleanup plans
or determine financial responsibility concerning other
environmental matters, including remediation steps regarding
former LG&E and KU manufactured gas plant sites, a
settlement agreement relating to a fuel oil discharge at
KUs E.W. Brown plant and matters relating to a KU
transformer scrap yard.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
As Germanys second-largest industrial group on the basis
of market capitalization, all social, political and economic
developments and conditions in Germany affect E.ON. Labor costs,
corporate taxes and employee benefit expenses in Germany are
high and weekly working hours are shorter compared with most
other EU member states, the United States and Japan.
Nonetheless, many factors, including monetary and political
stability, high environmental protection and standards and a
well-educated, highly qualified workforce continue to positively
affect Germanys competitive position in world trade.
By virtue of its operations outside the European Monetary Union
(EMU), the Group is also subject to the risks
normally associated with cross-border business transactions and
business activities, particularly those relating to exchange
rate fluctuations. In addition, because most of the Groups
operations are based in Europe, both the development of the
European market and the entry of new members into the EU will
continue to create new opportunities and challenges for E.ON.
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
During 2004, the general economic situation improved worldwide.
German export performance was strong as a consequence of robust
worldwide economic conditions and despite the appreciation of
the euro and a surge in oil prices. Domestic demand, however,
remained weak compared with 2003. As a result, the German
economy again had one of the worst performances in the Eurozone
in 2004. The real gross domestic product increased by
1.7 percent, compared with a decrease of 0.1 percent
in 2003. Capital spending by businesses decreased by
10.7 percent, mainly due to the lasting recession in the
construction industry, while the level of investment in
machinery and equipment fell by 1.2 percent. Other
investment especially in computer
software grew by 2.4 percent. The German
economy gained some momentum in the second part of 2004, as
private consumption
115
increased, but the growth rate of capital investment was still
negative. The German Council of Economic Advisers forecasts an
ongoing global economic upturn in 2005, with a German growth
rate of 1.4 percent in 2005.
Germanys competitive position in world trade continues to
benefit from many factors, including monetary stability, a
reputation for quality and recent productivity gains. In 2004,
Germany achieved a surplus in exports and services in real terms
of
115.2 billion,
compared with a surplus of
91.5 billion
in 2003. Due to weak economic growth and lack of structural
reforms, however, unemployment remained high in Germany in 2004.
The reasons for unemployment are predominantly of a structural
nature and include, among other factors, extensive regulation of
the labor market and high labor costs (compared with the rest of
the EU and the United States).
For information on the tax regime applicable to German
corporations, see Item 10. Additional
Information Taxation Taxation of German
Corporations. For information on changes in German tax
regulation that have a material impact on the Company, see
Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 1992, the twelve original members of the former European
Economic Community signed the Treaty on European Union (the
Treaty), a significant step toward creating a single
integrated market. The Treaty provided a working program for
European integration, including the coordination of economic
policies of the EU countries and preparations for the
introduction of a single currency. On January 1, 1999,
Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland (the
participating countries) adopted the euro as their
single currency through the EMU, with fixed exchange rates for
the participating currencies (the legacy currencies)
against the euro. In the beginning of 2001, Greece also joined
the EMU, becoming a participating country. On January 1,
2002, the euro became the official legal tender for cash
transactions in all participating countries. The legacy
currencies have been withdrawn from circulation. Not all EU
member states participate in the EMU. The United Kingdom, Sweden
and Denmark chose not to be initial participants in the euro.
Since the ratification of the Treaty, the EU has been enlarged
from 12 to 25 member states, with the entry of Austria, Finland
and Sweden in January 1995 and Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and
Slovenia as of May 1, 2004. As new countries join the EU,
significant institutional reform within the existing EU member
states will be necessary to enable the EU to integrate the new
members. As a first step, an EU convention drafted a treaty
establishing a European Constitution. The new Constitution,
which includes significant institutional reforms of the EU
Commission and the EU policy-making process, was adopted by the
European Council in October 2004 and now must be ratified in all
25 EU member states in order to come into force. This process
may take several years.
In addition to the countries which joined in May 2004, the
European Council has invited Bulgaria and Romania to join the EU
in January 2007. Further institutional reforms must be
implemented in Croatia before it also may join the EU.
Negotiations with Croatia to join the EU are expected to begin
in 2005. In October 2005, the EU is also expected to start
negotiations with Turkey to join the EU. Since these
negotiations may take years, there is no fixed date for Turkey
to join the EU.
Long-term interest rates in the Eurozone decreased by
0.49 percentage points in 2004. The European Central Bank
left its deposit facility and margin lending rates unchanged at
1.0 percent and 3.0 percent, respectively.
The U.K. economy performed better in 2004 than in most other EU
countries due to strong household demand, low interest rates and
growing public and private expenditures. Monetary and fiscal
policy provided a stable macroeconomic environment, so that
prospects for 2005 are quite good. The U.K. economy is estimated
to have grown at a rate of 3.3 percent in 2004 in real
terms, according to the German Council of Economic Advisers.
This is expected to slow to a growth rate of 2.8 percent in
2005. Inflation in 2004 was 1.5 percent.
116
In 2004, the Swedish economy performed well above average
compared with other EU member states, driven by strong exports
and a robust investment performance. The Swedish economy is
estimated to have grown at a rate of 3.3 percent in real terms,
according to data from the German Council of Economic Advisers.
This is expected to slow to a growth rate of 2.7 percent in
2005. Finland also performed better than the EU average, with an
estimated real growth rate of 2.9 percent driven by strong
domestic demand. Finlands growth rate is expected to
remain high at 3.0 percent in 2005, according to the German
Council of Economic Advisers. Inflation remained low in both
countries, with an annual rate of 0.4 percent in Sweden and
0.2 percent in Finland for 2004.
Since 2003, the United States economic growth has
increased, stimulated by expansive fiscal and monetary policies.
Private consumption responded strongly to tax reductions that
took effect in 2003, and business investment rebounded. Interest
rates remained low, supporting growth. The United States
achieved a real growth rate of 4.4 percent in 2004, with a
slight decrease to 3.3 percent expected in 2005, according
to the German Council of Economic Advisers. Inflation remained
under control, with an annual rate of 2.7 percent for 2004.
RISK MANAGEMENT
While E.ONs market units have varying exposures to
fluctuations in exchange rates, on an overall basis E.ON has
certain exposures to fluctuations between the euro and the U.S.
dollar, the British pound, the Swedish krona and the Norwegian
krona, respectively, that it seeks to manage through hedging
activities. Foreign exchange rate risk management, along with
liquidity management and interest rate risk management, is
generally centralized on a Group-wide basis and is the
responsibility of the Group treasury. The currency and interest
rate risks of Group companies are hedged with Group treasury in
conformity with E.ONs financial guidelines, or, in certain
cases, with external counterparties with E.ON AGs
approval. E.ON only uses interest rate and currency derivatives
to hedge its risk positions deriving from underlying business
transactions, and E.ON continually assesses its exposure to
these risks resulting from the underlying exposures and the
results of hedging transactions. Moreover, E.ON is exposed to
risks from fluctuations in the prices of commodities and raw
materials which are subject to commodity risk hedging
activities. The Central Europe, Pan-European Gas, U.K. and
Nordic market units also engage in the trading of energy-related
commodity derivatives, which is also subject to guidelines for
risk management. For a more detailed discussion of the current
exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price risk exposures
and risk management policies of the Group, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Exchange Rate Exposure and Currency Risk
Management, Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and
Notes 28 and 29 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
117
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
E.ON AG is the Groups Düsseldorf-based management
holding company. E.ON AG provides strategic management for Group
companies and coordinates Group activities. E.ON AG also
provides centralized controlling, treasury, risk management
(including hedging) and service functions to Group members, as
well as communications, capital markets and investor relations
functions. The Groups operating activities are organized
into market units, each of which is responsible for managing its
own day-to-day business. The following table sets forth certain
information about each of the entities which served as a parent
company of an E.ON market unit as of December 31, 2004, as
well as Viterra, E.ONs real estate subsidiary:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percentage | |
|
Percentage | |
|
|
Country of | |
|
Ownership Interest | |
|
Voting Interest | |
Name of Subsidiary |
|
Incorporation | |
|
held by E.ON | |
|
held by E.ON | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
E.ON Energie AG (energy)
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
E.ON Ruhrgas AG (energy)
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
E.ON UK Limited (energy)
|
|
|
U.K. |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
E.ON Nordic AB (energy)
|
|
|
Sweden |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
LG&E Energy LLC (energy)
|
|
|
USA |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
Viterra AG (real estate)
|
|
|
Germany |
|
|
|
100.0 |
% |
|
|
100.0 |
% |
PROPERTY, PLANTS AND EQUIPMENT
GENERAL
The Company owns most of its production facilities and other
properties. Some of E.ONs facilities are subject to
mortgages and other security interests granted to secure
indebtedness to certain financial institutions. As of
December 31, 2004, the total amount of indebtedness
collateralized by these facilities was approximately
2.5 billion,
1.5 billion
of which was secured by property owned by Viterra. E.ON believes
that the Groups principal production facilities and other
significant properties are in good condition and that they are
adequate to meet the needs of the E.ON Group. E.ONs
headquarters are located at E.ON-Platz 1, D-40479
Düsseldorf, Germany. E.ON owns its headquarters.
PRODUCTION FACILITIES
E.ON Energie produces electricity at jointly and wholly-owned
power plants. Its power generation facilities have a total
installed capacity of approximately 35,800 MW, E.ON
Energies attributable share of which is approximately
27,500 MW (not including mothballed, shutdown and reduced power
plants). Electricity is transmitted to purchasers by means of
high-voltage transmission lines and underground cables owned by
E.ON Energie. For further details, see
Business Overview Central
Europe. E.ON Energie believes that its power plants are in
good operating condition and that its machinery and equipment
have been well maintained. E.ON Energies German base load
nuclear power plants operated at approximately 90.5 percent
of available capacity in 2004. E.ON Energie believes that
average utilization data calculated on the basis of all of its
international and German power stations would not reflect
differences between base load and peak load requirements or
differential costs of generation and would therefore dilute the
significance of such a measure.
E.ON Ruhrgas owns, co-owns or has interests through project
companies in gas pipelines in Germany totaling 11,280 km. In
addition, E.ON Ruhrgas owns, co-owns or has interests through
project companies in 33 compressor stations in Germany. The
current installed capacity of these compressor stations totals
917 MW. E.ON Ruhrgas also owns, co-owns, leases or has interests
through project companies in 12 underground gas storage
facilities in Germany; E.ON Ruhrgas share in the usable
working gas storage capacity of these facilities is
approximately 5.2 billion
m3.
Due to the number and complexity of factors influencing gas
pipeline and storage
118
utilization, E.ON Ruhrgas does not consider data on the
utilization of the transmission system and gas storage capacity
to be meaningful. E.ON Ruhrgas also owns interests in two
project companies operating gas transmission systems and in a
third project company developing a gas transmission system
outside of Germany. For further details, see
Business Overview E.ON
Ruhrgas.
On a global basis, Ruhrgas Industries operates one major
engineering site in Essen (Germany) and 14 major production
plants, the locations of which are as follows: Kleve (Germany);
Lampertheim (Germany); Lotte-Büren (Germany); Mainz-Kastel
(Germany); Luton (United Kingdom); Renteria (Spain); Stará
Turá (Slovakia); Nebraska City, Nebraska (USA); Madison,
Ohio (USA); Ocala, Florida (USA); Raleigh, North Carolina (USA);
Bogotá (Colombia); Cachoerinha (Brazil); and La Rioja
(Argentina).
E.ON Ruhrgas believes that its transmission system (including
transport compressor stations), gas storage facilities
(including storage compressor stations) and production and
engineering plants are in good operating condition and that its
machinery and equipment have been well maintained.
E.ON UK produces electricity at jointly and wholly-owned power
plants. Its power generation facilities have a total installed
capacity of approximately 9,480 MW, E.ON UKs attributable
share of which is approximately 9,265 MW (not including
mothballed and shutdown power plants). Electricity is
transmitted to purchasers by means of the National Grid
transmission network in the United Kingdom. For further details,
see Business Overview U.K.
E.ON UK believes that its power plants are in good operating
condition and that its machinery and equipment have been well
maintained. In 2004, E.ON UKs power plants operated at
approximately 55 percent of theoretical capacity. This
average utilization is calculated for all U.K. power stations
and does not reflect differences between base load and peak load
power stations.
E.ON Nordic produces electricity at jointly and wholly-owned
power plants. Its power generation facilities have a total
installed capacity of approximately 16,317 MW, its attributable
share of which is approximately 7,971 MW (not including
mothballed and shutdown power plants). In Sweden and Finland,
electricity is transmitted to purchasers via high voltage
electricity grids, which are operated by state-owned companies,
and through regional and local distribution networks. Sydkraft
and E.ON Finland own and operate regional and local electricity
distribution networks in Sweden (Sydkraft) and Finland (Sydkraft
and E.ON Finland). Sydkraft also owns one-third of the Baltic
Cable, an undersea electricity cable linking the Swedish
electricity grid to the grid of E.ON Energie in Germany. In
Sweden, Sydkraft also owns and operates high-and low-pressure
gas pipelines. For more information, see
Business Overview Nordic.
E.ON Nordic believes that its power plants are in good operating
condition and that its machinery and equipment have been well
maintained. The Swedish base load nuclear power plants in which
E.ON Nordic holds an interest operated at approximately
91 percent of available capacity in 2004. E.ON Nordic
believes that average utilization data calculated on the basis
of all of its power stations would not reflect differences
between base load and peak load requirements or differential
costs of generation and would therefore dilute the significance
of such a measure.
LG&E Energy produces electricity at jointly and wholly-owned
power plants. Its power generation facilities have a total
installed capacity of approximately 10,611 MW, LG&E
Energys attributable share of which is approximately 9,666
MW (not including mothballed and shutdown power plants).
Electricity is transmitted to purchasers by means of LG&E
Energys transmission network (operated by MISO) in the
United States. For further details, see
Business Overview U.S.
Midwest. LG&E Energy believes that its power plants
are in good operating condition and that its machinery and
equipment have been well maintained. In 2004, LG&E
Energys power plants operated at approximately
56 percent of theoretical capacity. This average
utilization is calculated for all U.S. power stations and does
not reflect differences between base load and peak load power
stations.
119
Viterra. Viterra has a property portfolio of
approximately 138,000 housing units and 76 commercial units. See
Business Overview Other
Activities Viterra for further information. No
single property is material to the E.ON Group.
Degussa. On a global basis, Degussa operates 67 major
production plants in 21 different countries.
Degussa believes that its production facilities are in good
operating condition and that its machinery and equipment have
been well maintained.
INTERNAL CONTROLS
E.ONs own financial controls indicate that E.ON is
organized, and will continue to be operated, in a financially
sound manner. E.ONs internal controls and procedures are
integrated with its firm-wide risk management system.
E.ONs integrated risk management and internal controls
system have the following key elements: the planning and
controlling process, the reporting structure, E.ON Group-wide
guidelines, internal control and monitoring by E.ONs
Management Board and Supervisory Board, the internal auditing
process and the risk reporting system.
E.ONs internal control systems and procedures are used to
monitor the Companys investments, obligations, commitments
and operations. The internal control system is not restricted to
identifying and monitoring balance sheet items, but also
identifies and monitors off-balance sheet transactions. The
formation of corporate or other business entities to hold,
control or own any investment, asset or liability would also be
controlled by the process to manage the risks associated
therewith.
E.ON believes that appropriate internal controls are in place to
achieve effective and efficient operations as well as reliable
internal and external reporting, and to ensure compliance with
applicable laws and regulations as well as internal policies and
procedures. In addition, E.ON believes that its internal
controls over financial reporting provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with applicable law and generally accepted accounting
principles.
As a result of the listing of its ADRs on the NYSE, E.ON is also
subject to the listing requirements of the NYSE and the U.S.
federal securities laws, including the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002 (Sarbanes-Oxley) and the rules and
regulations thereunder. For more information on E.ONs
compliance with these requirements, see Item 10.
Additional Information Memorandum and Articles of
Association, Item 15. Controls and
Procedures, Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial
Expert, Item 16B. Code of Ethics,
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and
Services and Item 16E. Purchases of Equity
Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers, as
well as the certifications included as exhibits to this annual
report.
Item 5. Operating and
Financial Review and Prospects.
OVERVIEW
On June 16, 2000, the Company completed the merger between
VEBA and VIAG. The VEBA-VIAG merger was accounted for under the
purchase method of accounting. The operations of VIAG have been
included in E.ONs financial data since July 1, 2000.
For more information on the VEBA-VIAG merger, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company VEBA-VIAG
Merger.
In July 2002, E.ON acquired 100 percent of the issued share
capital of the former Powergen, an integrated utility business
based in London and Coventry, England, for total cash
consideration of
7.6 billion
(net of
0.2 billion
of cash acquired) and the assumption of
7.4 billion
of debt. The acquisition was accounted for under the purchase
method and goodwill in the amount of
8.9 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation. A subsequent
impairment charge reduced this amount to
6.5 billion.
The operations of the Powergen Group are reflected in a separate
segment from July 1, 2002 and from January 1, 2004 in
the U.K. and U.S. Midwest market
120
units. Additional information on the Powergen Group acquisition
can be found in Item 4. Information on the
Company History and Development of the
Company Powergen Group Acquisition and
Business Overview U.K.
In March 2003, E.ON completed the acquisition of all of the
outstanding shares of the former Ruhrgas and has fully
consolidated Ruhrgas results since February 2003. The
total cost of the transaction to E.ON, including settlement
costs and excluding dividends acquired, amounted to
10.2 billion.
Goodwill in the amount of
2.9 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation. The acquisition had
initially been blocked by the German Federal Cartel Office and
then by a temporary injunction imposed by the courts following
lawsuits brought by a number of plaintiffs who had challenged
the validity of the ministerial approval that had overturned the
Federal Cartel Offices decision. In January 2003, E.ON
reached settlement agreements with all of the plaintiffs,
allowing the transaction to proceed. For further information,
see Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company Ruhrgas
Acquisition.
Upon termination of the Ruhrgas court proceedings in late
January 2003, E.ON completed the first step of the two step RAG/
Degussa transaction. In the first step, E.ON acquired RAGs
Ruhrgas stake and tendered 37.2 million of its shares in
Degussa to RAG at the price of
38 per share,
receiving total proceeds of
1.4 billion.
A gain of
168 million
was realized from the sale. Following this transaction and the
completion of the tender offer to the other Degussa
shareholders, RAG and E.ON each held a 46.5 percent
interest in Degussa, with the remainder being held by the
public. In the second step, E.ON sold a further 3.6 percent
of Degussa to RAG on May 31, 2004. Effective June 1,
2004, E.ON owns 42.9 percent of Degussa. Total proceeds
from this transaction amounted to
283 million,
resulting in a gain of
51 million.
E.ON and RAG operate Degussa under joint control, and E.ON
accounts for its interest in Degussa under the equity method.
E.ON owns a 39.2 percent interest in RAG.
E.ON participates in a number of different businesses. E.ON
operates in the continental European energy business through
E.ON Energie, E.ON Ruhrgas and E.ON Nordic, in the U.K. energy
business through E.ON UK and in the U.S. energy business through
LG&E Energy. Outside its core energy business, E.ON operates
in the real estate business through Viterra, and participates in
the chemicals business through its minority equity interest in
Degussa. The E.ON Group also has minority participations in
numerous companies, particularly in the Central Europe and
Pan-European Gas market units, which are classified as
associated companies. Income from these participations is
reflected in the income statement as income from equity
interests and is generally included in adjusted EBIT. Management
views these associated companies as an integral part of the
operations of E.ON. E.ON now reports the results of its
remaining equity interests in telecommunications companies as
part of those of the Corporate Center market unit. For more
information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview
Introduction. In line with its objective to focus on
energy as its core business, E.ON has sold or classified as
discontinued the operations of its former silicon wafer,
aluminum, oil and distribution/logistics business segments, as
well as certain components of its Central Europe and U.S.
Midwest market units and of its non-core activities Viterra and
Degussa. For additional information, see Item 4.
Information on the Company Business
Overview Discontinued Operations and
Acquisitions and Dispositions
Discontinued Operations.
As a result of E.ONs on.top strategic review launched in
2003, the core energy business has been re-organized into five
new regional market units (Central Europe, Pan-European Gas,
U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest), plus the Corporate Center. The
lead company of each market unit reports directly to
E.ON AG. Beginning in 2004, E.ONs financial reporting
mirrors the new structure, with each of the five market units
and the results of the enhanced Corporate Center (including
consolidation effects) constituting a separate segment for
financial reporting purposes. Viterras results and
E.ONs proportionate share of Degussas after-tax
earnings following its deconsolidation continue to be presented
outside of the core energy business as part of E.ONs
Other Activities, which is reported as a separate
segment. As part of the implementation of the new structure,
E.ON completed intra-Group transfers of shareholdings in a
number of its companies in December 2003 and in 2004. None of
these transfers had any impact on E.ONs financial results
on a consolidated basis. For additional information, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company Group
Strategy On.top and Business
Segment Information below.
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2004 Highlights. E.ONs sales in 2004 increased
5.2 percent to
44,745 million
from
42,541 million
in 2003 (in each case net of electricity and natural gas taxes).
The increase was primarily attributable to consolidation
effects, including the first-time inclusion of full-year results
from the former Ruhrgas activities (which were only consolidated
for 11 months in 2003), from Graninge in the Nordic market
unit and from JME and JCE in the Central Europe market unit, as
well as the first-time consolidation of Midlands Electricity in
the U.K. market unit, which more than offset the impact of the
fact that the 2003 results included one month of Degussas
sales prior to its deconsolidation as of February 1, 2003.
The increase also reflected higher prices at the Central Europe,
U.K. and Nordic market units, while exchange rate effects
resulted in a decline in the sales of the U.S. Midwest market
unit. The core energy business accounted for 98.0 percent
of the Groups sales in 2004, as compared with
95.5 percent in 2003. Net income decreased by
6.6 percent to
4,339 million
in 2004 from
4,647 million
in 2003, primarily reflecting lower income from discontinued
operations, as described in more detail below. Cash provided by
operating activities increased 7.8 percent to
5,972 million
in 2004 from
5,538 million
in 2003, with the increase being primarily attributable to the
consolidation effects noted above, which more than offset the
decline in net income.
ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
The following discussion summarizes each of the principal
acquisitions and dispositions made by E.ON since January 1,
2002, and is organized by business segment according to
E.ONs new market unit structure, which was adopted in
January 2004. In particular, transactions with respect to E.ON
Nordic, Sydkraft, Graninge, E.ON Finland and Thüga are
described according to the market unit each entity currently
belongs to, rather than the former segment it belonged to at the
time of the relevant transaction. For information on the
accounting treatment of the most significant of these
transactions, see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. For information on E.ON AGs
acquisition of the Powergen Group in 2002 and the former Ruhrgas
in 2003, see Item 4. Information on the
Company History and Development of the
Company Powergen Group Acquisition and
Ruhrgas Acquisition. For acquisitions
and dispositions related to the Ruhrgas acquisition, including
those required by the ministerial approval authorizing the
transaction, see Central Europe/ Pan-European Gas/
U.K./Nordic below.
Central Europe. In 2002, E.ON Energie acquired new
interests or increased its existing shareholdings in a number of
entities. The aggregate consideration paid for the following
2002 acquisitions totaled
1,761 million,
and the final related purchase price allocations resulted in
aggregate goodwill of
336 million
(at December 31, 2002, the aggregate goodwill had been
recorded as
467 million,
of which
131 million
was based on preliminary allocations).
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In May, E.ON Energie increased its 46.0 percent interest in
EAM, a regional utility based in Kassel, Germany, to a majority
interest. E.ON Energie fully consolidated EAM as of June 1,
2002. As of December 31, 2002, E.ON Energie held
73.3 percent of EAM. |
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In June, E.ON Energie purchased a 100 percent interest in
EWB from the Finnish utility Fortum. EWB was a holding company
with a 100 percent ownership interest in
Elektrizitätswerk Wesertal GmbH (EWW), a
regional utility in Hameln, Germany. Both companies were fully
consolidated as of July 1, 2002. |
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In July, E.ON Energie acquired an additional 30.1 percent
interest in Elektrizitätswerk Minden-Ravensberg
(EMR), a regional utility in Herford, Germany, from
municipal shareholders, giving E.ON Energie a total interest in
EMR of 55.2 percent. EMR was fully consolidated as of
August 1, 2002. |
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In September, E.ON Energie acquired a 49.0 percent interest
in ZSE, the largest regional utility company in Slovakia. ZSE is
accounted for under the equity method. |
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In November, E.ON Energie acquired an additional
62.9 percent interest in ÉDÁSZ, a regional
Hungarian utility, thereby increasing its stake in
ÉDÁSZ to 90.6 percent. ÉDÁSZ was fully
consolidated effective December 1, 2002. |
122
In 2002, E.ON Energie divested the following shareholdings,
receiving total consideration of
940 million
and realizing an aggregate net gain on these sales of
341 million.
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In January, E.ON and E.ON Energie sold their indirect
shareholdings of 6.5 percent each in STEAG AG
(STEAG), a German independent power producer, to RAG. |
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In March, E.ON Energie reduced its shareholding in Sydkraft by
transferring 5.8 percent of its interest to Statkraft. |
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In July, E.ON Energie disposed of its entire 24.5 percent
interest in Watt AG, a Swiss utility, to
Nordostschweizerische Kraftwerke AG. |
In addition, in January 2002 E.ON Energie split up the
partnership which owned shares in Rhenag Rheinische Energie
Aktiengesellschaft (Rhenag), which resulted in a
gain of
184 million.
In August 2003, E.ON Energie merged EWW, EMR and PESAG
Aktiengesellschaft into the single larger regional distribution
company, E.ON Westfalen Weser AG, in which E.ON Energie held a
62.9 percent stake as of December 31, 2004. Also in
August 2003, Hein Gas Hamburger Gaswerke GmbH (Hein
Gas) was merged with Schleswag AG (Schleswag)
and Hanse Gas GmbH to form E.ON Hanse, in which E.ON
Energie held a 73.8 percent interest as of
December 31, 2004.
In September 2003, E.ON Energie acquired majority stakes in the
Czech regional electricity utilities JME and JCE through a
series of transactions. As of December 31, 2003,
E.ONs interest in JME and JCE was 85.7 percent and
84.7 percent, respectively. The total aggregate purchase
price amounted to
207 million.
Goodwill in the amount of
48 million
resulted from the final purchase price allocation for these
stakes (at December 31, 2003, goodwill of
152 million
had been recorded according to the preliminary purchase price
allocation). The acquisition process also involved the sale of
E.ON Energies minority stakes in the regional power
distributors ZCE and VCE to the Czech state-owned company CEZ
for
206 million,
resulting in a gain of
2 million.
In December 2004, E.ON Energie acquired additional stakes in JME
and JCE, increasing its interests in the two companies to
99.0 percent and 98.7 percent, respectively. The
aggregate acquisition costs for the 2004 transactions amounted
to
81 million,
with no goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation.
In January 2004, E.ON Energie sold its 4.99 percent
shareholding in the Spanish utility Union Fenosa on the market
for approximately
217 million,
realizing a gain on the sale of approximately
26 million.
In July 2004, E.ON Energie completed the statutory squeeze out
procedure to obtain the remaining 1.1 percent of E.ON
Bayern held by minority shareholders. The purchase price
amounted to
189 million,
with goodwill of
148 million
resulting from the purchase price allocation.
In December 2004, E.ON Energie increased its stake in the German
regional electricity distribution company Avacon by
13.1 percent to 69.6 percent in a multistage process
involving acquisition of the intermediate holding companies
Ferngas Salzgitter and FSG Holding. E.ON Energie increased its
stake in FSG Holding to 100 percent by acquiring a
10.0 percent interest from Bayerische Landesbank and the
remaining 90.0 percent from three Group companies (E.ON
Ruhrgas RGE Holding GmbH (45.0 percent),
Thüga-Konsortium Beteiligungs GmbH (35.0 percent) and
Thüga (10.0 percent)). In addition, E.ON Energie
purchased direct shareholdings in Ferngas Salzgitter from BEB
(13.0 percent), EGM (13.0 percent) and RGE Holding
GmbH (39.0 percent). Following these acquisitions, FSG
Holding was merged into E.ON Energie and Ferngas Salzgitter into
Avacon. The aggregate purchase price paid to Bayerische
Landesbank, BEB and EGM was
133 million,
with
39 million
in goodwill resulting from the preliminary purchase price
allocation.
In February 2005, E.ON Energie acquired 67.0 percent stakes
in each of the two Bulgarian electricity distribution companies
Elektrorazpredelenie Varna and Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna
Oryahovitza. Advance payments equal to the expected aggregate
purchase price made in 2004 amounted to
141 million.
Pan-European Gas. In August 2002, E.ON Energie acquired
an additional 25.1 percent interest in Thüga from
Bayerische Landesbank, thus raising its interest in Thüga,
which was already fully consolidated, to 87.1 percent. The
purchase price amounted to
1,350 million,
including
632 million
in goodwill. In December 2003, E.ON Energie transferred
67.7 percent of this shareholding in Thüga to E.ON
Ruhrgas, which already
123
owned a 10.0 percent interest. CONTIGAS of the Central
Europe market unit also owned 18.9 percent of Thüga as
of December 31, 2004.
In May 2004, E.ON AG completed a squeeze out procedure to obtain
the remaining 3.4 percent of Thüga. The total purchase
price for the 2.9 million shares amounted to
223 million.
Goodwill of
106 million
resulted from the purchase price allocation.
In October 2004, E.ON Ruhrgas signed an agreement for the
acquisition of a 51.0 percent stake in the Romanian gas
supplier Distrigaz Nord from the Romanian government in a
two-step transaction. In the first step, E.ON Ruhrgas will
acquire a 30.0 percent share in Distrigaz Nord. In the
second step, which will immediately follow the first, this stake
will be increased to 51.0 percent through a capital
increase. E.ON Ruhrgas estimates it will pay an aggregate of
approximately
300 million
for the 51.0 percent stake. The transaction is expected to
close in the first half of 2005.
In November 2004, ERI signed an agreement with the Hungarian oil
and gas company MOL for the acquisition of interests of
75.0 percent minus 1 share in each of MOLs gas
trading and gas storage units and its 50.0 percent interest
in the gas importer Panrusgáz. The agreement also includes
put options allowing MOL to sell its remaining interests in the
gas trading and gas storage units, as well as an interest of up
to 75.0 percent minus 1 share of its gas transmission
business, to ERI for a period of 5 years from the closing
date and through July 1, 2007, respectively. The aggregate
transaction value payable by ERI (including the assumption of
debt and the amounts payable upon MOLs exercise of its put
options) is expected to amount to
2.1 billion.
The transaction is subject to approval by the relevant antitrust
authorities and the Hungarian energy office and is expected to
close in the second half of 2005.
U.K. On October 21, 2002, E.ON UK acquired the U.K.
based retail business of the TXU Group, along with certain other
assets, for total cash consideration of
2.1 billion,
net of
0.1 billion
of cash acquired. E.ON UK also funded working capital
requirements associated with the retail business of
0.4 billion.
Goodwill of
2.3 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation.
In October 2002, E.ON UK acquired the remaining
50.0 percent interest in its former joint venture
E.ON UK Renewables for
92 million
and subsequently holds 100 percent of E.ON UK
Renewables. In addition, E.ON UK assumed
57 million
of debt. Total goodwill of
64 million
was recorded in the purchase price allocation.
In November 2002, in accordance with E.ON UKs
strategy to focus on the core U.K. market, E.ON UK reached
agreements to sell its share in certain joint venture companies
holding interests in independent power projects in India,
Australia and Thailand. The sale of these interests in 2003
generated aggregate proceeds of
112 million
and a gain of
29 million.
In January 2004, E.ON UK reached an agreement to sell its
only remaining Asian interests, a 35.0 percent stake in PT
Jawa Power, owner of a 1,220 MW plant in Indonesia, and
100 percent of the associated operations and maintenance
company, PT Jawa Power Timur, to Keppel Energy and J-Power. In
April 2004, an existing shareholder, Bumipertiwi, exercised its
pre-emption rights over this sale. In July 2004, E.ON UK
terminated the agreement with Keppel Energy and J-Power and in
August 2004, E.ON UK entered into agreements with Bumipertiwi
and YTL PI reflecting Bumipertiwis exercise of its
pre-emption rights and subsequent sale of its interests to
YTL PI. On December 7, 2004, E.ON UK completed
the disposal of its investment in PT Jawa Power and PT Jawa
Power Timur. The sale of these interests in 2004 generated
aggregate proceeds of
120 million
and a loss of
6 million.
In January 2004, E.ON UK completed the acquisition of
Midlands Electricity from Aquila and FirstEnergy for
1.7 billion,
net of
0.1 billion
cash acquired. The acquisition price comprised
55 million
paid to stockholders,
881 million
paid to creditors and
856 million
of debt assumed. Cash acquired amounted to
86 million.
In the transaction, E.ON UK also acquired a number of other
businesses, including an electrical contracting operation and an
electricity and gas metering business in the United Kingdom, as
well as minority equity stakes in companies operating three
generation plants in the United Kingdom, Turkey and Pakistan.
Goodwill in the amount of
473 million
resulted from the purchase price allocation.
Nordic. In October 2001, the Company concluded a put
option agreement, which allows a minority shareholder of
Sydkraft to sell any or all of its shares of Sydkraft to E.ON
Energie at any time through
124
December 15, 2007. The consideration payable by E.ON
Energie upon the exercise of this option in full is
approximately
2.2 billion.
In January and April 2002, E.ON Energie acquired a majority
interest in the Finnish energy utility company Espoon
Sähkö. Espoon Sähkö was fully consolidated
as of April 1, 2002. As of December 31, 2004, E.ON
Energie held an interest of 65.6 percent in Espoon
Sähko. In September 2003, Espoon Sähkö was
renamed E.ON Finland. The purchase price amounted to
338 million,
with
86 million
in goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation.
Beginning in November 2003, following its receipt of the
required approvals from the relevant antitrust authorities,
Sydkraft increased its stake in the Swedish utility Graninge
from 36.3 percent to 79.0 percent by acquiring shares
from EdF and other shareholders. Swedish law required Sydkraft
to make a public tender for all outstanding Graninge shares
following the acquisition of a majority stake. At the close of
this mandatory offer in January 2004, Sydkrafts indirect
stake in Graninge had increased to 97.5 percent and
Graninge was delisted. By June 2004, Sydkraft had acquired the
remaining outstanding shares and controlled 100 percent of
Graninge. Total acquisition costs to Sydkraft in 2003 (therefore
not including those relating to the tender offer) amounted to
628 million.
The purchase price for the Graninge shares acquired in 2004 was
approximately
307 million,
with
76 million
in goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation. As of
December 31, 2004, the goodwill relating to Sydkrafts
100 percent interest in Graninge amounted to
233 million.
In September 2004, E.ON agreed further details regarding its
agreement in principle with Statkraft to sell a portion
(1.6 TWh) of the generating capacity that Sydkraft had
acquired as part of the Graninge acquisition to Statkraft. The
purchase price is expected to be approximately
500 million,
corresponding to the assets book value. No gain is
expected to result from this transaction, which is expected to
close in the first half of 2005.
Central Europe/ Pan-European Gas/ U.K./Nordic. The
ministerial approval authorizing E.ONs acquisition of
Ruhrgas and certain of the settlement agreements with plaintiffs
challenging the transaction required E.ON Energie and E.ON
Ruhrgas to dispose of a number of shareholdings, including those
described below:
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In July 2003, E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas each agreed to sell
a 22.0 percent stake in Bayerngas to the municipal
utilities of the cities of Munich, Augsburg, Regensburg and
Ingolstadt, and to the city of Landshut, for a total of
127 million.
The transaction was completed in November 2003. E.ON Energie
realized a gain on the disposal in the amount of
22 million.
No gain was realized on the sale of the E.ON Ruhrgas stake, as
these shares had been recorded at their fair value at the time
of E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas. |
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In September 2003, E.ON Energie sold its 80.5 percent
interest in Gelsenwasser to a joint venture company owned by the
municipal utilities of the cities of Dortmund and Bochum.
Gelsenwasser was accounted for as a discontinued operation in
the Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information,
see Discontinued Operations below. |
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In October 2003, E.ON Energie transferred its 5.26 percent
stake in VNG to E.ON Ruhrgas, which already owned an interest in
this Leipzig-based gas distributor. In December 2003, E.ON
Ruhrgas agreed to sell 32.1 percent of VNG to EWE, and
offered its remaining 10.0 percent stake in VNG to eleven
municipalities in eastern Germany for the same price per share.
The total consideration for the sale of the entire interest was
approximately
899 million.
E.ON Energie realized a gain of approximately
60 million
on its stake. No gain was realized on the sale of the E.ON
Ruhrgas stake, as these shares had been recorded at their fair
value at the time of E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas. The
sales were subject to the fulfillment of a number of conditions
and were completed in January 2004. |
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In November 2003, E.ON Energie divested its 100 percent
interest in E.ON-Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft to EWE for
305 million.
E.ON Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft had a 32.36 percent
interest in swb, comprising all of the shares previously held by
E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas. E.ON Energie realized a gain on
the disposal in the amount of
85 million.
No gain was realized on the sale of the E.ON Ruhrgas stake, as
these shares had been recorded at their fair value at the time
of E.ONs acquisition of Ruhrgas. |
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In December 2003, E.ON concluded an agreement to divest its
stake in EWE. E.ON Energies 27.4 percent stake in EWE
was acquired by EWEs majority shareholders Energieverband
Elbe-Weser Beteiligungsholding GmbH and Weser-Ems
Energiebeteiligungen GmbH for total consideration of
approximately
520 million.
E.ON recorded a gain of
257 million
on the disposal, which was completed in January 2004. |
In February/ March 2003, as a consequence of E.ONs
settlement agreement with Fortum, a Finnish utility that was one
of the plaintiffs challenging the E.ON Ruhrgas transaction,
Fortum and E.ON swapped certain shareholdings. Fortum acquired
Sydkrafts equity interests in the Norwegian utilities
Hafslund, Østfold and Frederikstad and E.ON Energies
equity interest in the Russian utility AO Lenenergo for a total
of approximately
460 million,
including the repayment of debt. In return, Sydkraft bought the
Swedish distribution company Småland and E.ON AG bought the
German power plant Burghausen, ownership of which was
transferred to E.ON Energie, and the Irish peat-fired plant
Edenderry, ownership of which was transferred to E.ON UK.
The consideration paid by the E.ON Group in these transactions
totaled approximately
288 million,
including the assumption of debt.
Corporate Center. Schmalbach-Lubeca is a packaging
business that was formerly 59.8 percent owned by the VIAG
Group. After completion of a statutory squeeze out of the
remaining minority shareholders in 2002, AV Packaging, a
49-51 joint venture of E.ON and Allianz Capital Partners,
held a 100 percent stake in Schmalbach-Lubeca.
Schmalbach-Lubecas revenues were included in the
Companys consolidated results of operations from July 1 to
September 30, 2000, after which Schmalbach-Lubeca was
accounted for under the equity method indirectly through AV
Packaging until its disposition in December 2002.
In June 2002, E.ON exercised a put option it had previously
agreed with France Telecom, pursuant to which E.ON sold the
entire stake in Orange S.A. it had received as part of the
consideration for the 2000 sale of its interest in the Swiss
operations of Orange Communications S.A. The total consideration
was approximately
950 million.
E.ON recorded a net loss on the transaction of
103 million.
In July 2002, Schmalbach-Lubeca sold its PET and White Cap
business units to Amcor, an Australian packaging manufacturer,
for approximately
1.8 billion.
In December 2002, AV Packaging sold Schmalbach-Lubeca to Ball
Corporation, a U.S. based packaging manufacturer, for
1.2 billion.
In 2002, E.ON recorded income from its equity investment in AV
Packaging of approximately
558 million
resulting from gains on these transactions. In 2003, a
subsequent purchase price adjustment resulted in E.ON recording
an additional loss of
42 million,
which was included in income/(loss) from continuing operations.
In January 2003, E.ON entered into an agreement to sell its
15.9 percent shareholding in Bouygues Telecom to the
Bouygues Group for a total of approximately
1.1 billion
in a two-step transaction. In the first step, the Bouygues Group
acquired a 5.8 percent stake in Bouygues Telecom (including
approximately
60 million
in shareholder loans) from E.ON for
394 million
in March 2003. In the second step, the Bouygues Group exercised
a fixed price call option on E.ONs remaining
10.1 percent interest, acquiring the shares for
692 million
in December 2003. E.ON recorded a gain of
840 million
on the two-step sale.
Other Activities. On January 1, 2002, Viterra
acquired an 86.3 percent interest in Frankfurter
Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH (FSG) for a total purchase
price of
312 million,
including cash acquired of
39 million.
After selling a 0.2 percent shareholding to a third party
investor in December 2002, Viterra acquired an additional
13.7 percent interest in FSG for a purchase price of
approximately
49 million
in January 2003, bringing its stake to 99.8 percent. No
goodwill resulted from the purchase price allocation for either
acquisition.
In October 2004, Viterra made an offer to the minority
shareholders of Deutschbau to purchase the shares held by them.
The offer was accepted by minority shareholders holding
98.6 percent of the shares not owned by Viterra. The
aggregate purchase price amounted to
429 million,
of which
60 million
was paid following the closing and
2 million
was paid in early 2005. The remaining
367 million
is to be paid in five interest-bearing annual installments
beginning in 2005. No goodwill resulted from the purchase price
allocation. Viterra now holds a 99.1 percent interest in
Deutschbau.
Discontinued Operations. Consistent with its plans to
focus on its core energy business, E.ON has disposed of a number
of its non-core divisions and businesses in recent years. As a
result of the 2001 divestitures,
126
the Companys former silicon wafer and aluminum business
segments were accounted for as discontinued operations in
accordance with Accounting Principles Bulletin No. 30,
Reporting the Results of Operations Reporting the
Effects of Disposal of a Segment of a Business, and
Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring Events and
Transactions (APB 30). On January 1, 2002, the
Company adopted SFAS 144, which requires it to account for
disposals of a component of a segment as discontinued
operations, thereby reducing the threshold needed for a
particular divestiture to result in discontinued operations
treatment. In 2002, E.ON discontinued the operations of its
former oil and distribution/logistics business segments,
following its disposal of VEBA Oel and Stinnes. In addition,
certain operations in the former Degussa and Viterra business
segments have been disposed of and, as such, these components
are also accounted for as discontinued operations. In 2003, E.ON
discontinued and disposed of certain operations in the Central
Europe and U.S. Midwest market units, as well as certain
activities of Viterra in the Other Activities business segment.
These transactions are summarized below.
On September 30, 2001, E.ON entered into an agreement for
the sale of MEMC, its former silicon wafer division, to TPG
Partners III. In November 2001, E.ON sold both its
71.8 percent interest in the silicon wafer division and its
shareholder loans for a symbolic purchase price of $6. The
disposal of the silicon wafer division resulted in a loss from
discontinued operations net of income taxes and minority
interests of
810 million
in 2001. The loss includes a
990 million
loss on disposition. In 2003, a final purchase price adjustment
based on MEMCs having met specific performance targets in
2002 resulted in E.ON recording income from discontinued
operations net of income taxes and minority interests of
14 million.
For further information, see Item 4. Information on
the Company Business Overview
Discontinued Operations Silicon Wafers.
On January 6, 2002, E.ON entered into an agreement to sell
its 100 percent stake in its former aluminum division VAW
to Norsk Hydro ASA for
3.1 billion.
The results of the ongoing operations of VAW up to the date of
disposal and the
893 million
gain realized by E.ON on its disposal are reported in
Income (Loss) from discontinued operations, net
in the Consolidated Statements of Income. The income from
discontinued operations net of income taxes related to VAW
totaled
927 million
in 2002. The net gain on disposal of
893 million
does not include the reversal of VAWs negative goodwill of
191 million,
as this amount was required to be recognized as income from a
change in accounting principles upon the adoption of
SFAS 142 on January 1, 2002. For further information,
see Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Discontinued
Operations Aluminum.
In July 2001, E.ON and BP entered into an agreement pursuant to
which BP agreed to acquire a 51.0 percent stake in VEBA Oel
by way of a capital increase. The agreement also provided E.ON
with a put option that allowed it to sell its remaining
49.0 percent interest in VEBA Oel to BP at any time from
April 1, 2002 for an exercise price of
2.8 billion,
subject to certain purchase price adjustments. The capital
increase took place in February 2002, giving BP majority control
of VEBA Oel as of February 1, 2002. E.ON exercised its put
option effective June 30, 2002. E.ON received proceeds of
2.8 billion
for its VEBA Oel shares. In addition,
1.9 billion
in shareholder loans made previously by the E.ON Group to VEBA
Oel were repaid. In April 2003, E.ON and BP reached an agreement
setting the final purchase price for VEBA Oel (without prejudice
to the standard indemnities in the contract) at approximately
2.9 billion.
The disposal of VEBA Oel resulted in a loss from discontinued
operations net of income taxes of
37 million
in 2003, and income from discontinued operations net of income
tax of
1,784 million
in 2002. E.ON recognized a loss on disposal of
35 million
in 2003 and a gain of
1,367 million
in 2002. In 2004, E.ON recognized a loss of
19 million
resulting from claims under the standard indemnities. These
effects were each recorded under Income (Loss) from
discontinued operations, net in the Consolidated
Statements of Income. For further information, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Discontinued
Operations Oil.
In July 2002, E.ON agreed to sell its 65.4 percent interest
in Stinnes to DB in a cash tender offer DB made on
August 7, 2002 to all Stinnes shareholders at a price of
32.75 per share.
E.ON received cash proceeds of
1.6 billion
upon completion of the tender, and Stinnes was deconsolidated as
of September 30, 2002. The disposal of Stinnes resulted in
income from discontinued operations net of income taxes and
minority interests of
603 million
in 2002. In 2002, E.ON recognized a gain on disposal of
588 million.
For further information, see Item 4. Information on
the Company Business Overview
Discontinued Operations Distribution/
Logistics.
127
During 2002, Degussa divested several non-core businesses. In
January, Degussa transferred its gelatin business to Sobel N.V.
Degussa sold its persulfate operations to Unionchimica
Industriale S.p.A. in February. The textile additives business
was also divested in February to Giovanni Bozzetto S.p.A. In
April, Degussa divested the fertilizer manufacturer SKW
Piesteritz Holding GmbH to A&A Stickstoff Holding AG. In
June, Degussa sold Degussa Bank GmbH to Allgemeine Deutsche
Direktbank AG (Diba). Viatris GmbH & Co. KG, a former
part of the Degussa Health Products business ASTA Medica, was
sold to Advent International Corporation in August 2002.
Finally, in December, Degussa sold the biopharmaceutical company
Zentaris AG to Æterna Laboratories Inc. These Degussa
division disposition transactions resulted in aggregate proceeds
of approximately
866 million
and an aggregate loss from discontinued operations net of income
taxes and minority interests of
84 million
in 2002. In 2002, E.ON recognized a loss of
93 million
from Degussas disposal of these non-core businesses. For
further information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Discontinued
Operations Other.
Under the ministerial approval for E.ONs acquisition of
Ruhrgas, E.ON Energie was required to dispose of its
80.5 percent shareholding in Gelsenwasser. In September
2003, a joint venture company owned by the municipal utilities
of the German cities of Dortmund and Bochum purchased the
Gelsenwasser interest for
835 million.
The disposal of Gelsenwasser resulted in income from
discontinued operations net of income taxes and minority
interests of
479 million
and
24 million
in 2003 and 2002, respectively. In 2003, E.ON realized a gain on
disposal of
418 million.
For further information, see Item 4. Information on
the Company Business Overview
Discontinued Operations Other.
As a condition to its approval of the former Powergens
acquisition of LG&E Energy, the SEC had required that
LG&E Energy sell CRC-Evans. Effective October 31, 2003,
LG&E Energy sold CRC-Evans to an affiliate of Natural Gas
Partners for
37 million.
Less than
1 million
in income from discontinued operations net of income taxes and
minority interests was recorded in each of 2003 and 2002. E.ON
realized no gain or loss on the disposal. For further
information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Discontinued
Operations Other.
Viterra Energy Services was accounted for as a discontinued
operation in the Consolidated Financial Statements for 2002. In
June 2003, Viterra sold this wholly-owned subsidiary to CVC
Capital Partners. In March 2003, Viterra sold its Viterra
Contracting subsidiary to Mabanaft. The aggregate consideration
for both transactions totaled
961 million,
including approximately
112 million
of assumed liabilities, with Viterra realizing a gain of
641 million.
The portion of 2003 and 2002 results included in Income
(Loss) from discontinued operations, net in E.ONs
Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to
681 million
and
52 million,
respectively. In 2004, the release of previously recorded
provisions resulted in income in the amount of
10 million,
which is recorded in the same line item. For further
information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Discontinued
Operations Other.
The Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto
for the year ended December 31, 2003, and the Consolidated
Statement of Income for 2002, as well as the related notes
thereto, have been reclassified to reflect the discontinued
operations treatment outlined above. Operating results for
discontinued operations through the disposal date, as well as
the gains or losses from ultimate sale, are reported in
Income (Loss) from discontinued operations, net in
the Consolidated Statements of Income. The assets and
liabilities of the business units which were classified as held
for sale as of December 31, 2002, but which were not yet
sold, are reported as Assets of disposal groups and
Liabilities of disposal groups, respectively, in the
respective Consolidated Balance Sheets. Cash flows from
discontinued operations have been eliminated from the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for all periods presented.
For more information on the discontinued operations, including
certain selected financial information, see Note 4 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The discussion and analysis of E.ONs financial condition
and results of operations are based on its Consolidated
Financial Statements, which are prepared in accordance with U.S.
GAAP and included in Item 18.
128
The reported financial condition and results of operations of
E.ON are sensitive to accounting methods, assumptions and
estimates that underlie the preparation of the financial
statements. The Companys critical accounting policies, the
judgments and other uncertainties affecting application of those
policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in
conditions and assumptions are factors to be considered in
reviewing E.ONs Consolidated Financial Statements and the
discussions below in Results of Operations.
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
E.ONs group strategy is to maximize the value of its
portfolio of businesses through creating value from the
convergence of European energy markets and of the electricity
and gas value chains. Another element of that strategy is the
improvement of the Groups position in target markets
through pursuing selective market investments.
Business Combinations. This strategy has resulted in E.ON
completing a significant number of acquisitions in recent years,
and E.ON can be expected to continue to make acquisitions in the
future. E.ONs acquisitions have been, and, as required,
will continue to be, accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting (the purchase method). Under the purchase
method, an acquired company is recorded on E.ONs balance
sheet using the fair values of the acquired assets (tangible and
intangible) and liabilities as of the acquisition date.
The application of the purchase method requires a company to
make certain estimates and judgments. One of the most
significant estimates relates to the determination of the fair
value of assets and liabilities acquired. For other than
intangible assets acquired, E.ON determines the fair value based
on the nature of the asset. For example, marketable securities
are valued at the market rate on the date of acquisition, while
an independent appraisal is often obtained for land, buildings
and equipment. The Company also assesses whether any significant
intangible assets arise from contractual or other legal rights
of the acquired entity or are separable from the acquired entity
(i.e. capable of being sold). If any intangible assets
are identified, the Company must determine the value of these
intangibles. Depending on the type of intangible and the
complexity of determining its fair value, the Company either
consults with an independent external valuation expert or
develops the fair value internally, using an appropriate
valuation technique. The determination of the useful life of
intangible assets is based upon the nature of the intangible, as
well as the characteristics of the acquired business and the
industry in which it operates. Any residual amount remaining
after allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of all
assets and liabilities acquired is goodwill.
Goodwill. On January 1, 2002, E.ON adopted
SFAS 142, which significantly changed the accounting
requirements for goodwill. Upon adoption, E.ON ceased amortizing
pre-existing goodwill with a net book value of
6,083 million
at December 31, 2001, recognized
191 million
in unamortized negative goodwill as income, identified reporting
units as defined by SFAS 142, allocated all assets
(including goodwill) and liabilities to those reporting units,
established procedures for impairment testing of the goodwill
balances and performed transitional impairment testing on the
goodwill as of January 1, 2002 (which did not result in any
impairment being recorded). Goodwill was, and will be for future
acquisitions, allocated to the reporting units whose assets and
liabilities were acquired in the business combination that
resulted in the goodwill and to reporting units that will
benefit from the acquisition.
The first step of the SFAS 142 impairment test requires
E.ON to identify potential impairment situations by comparing
the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying value
including goodwill. When determining the fair value of the
reporting units, E.ON utilizes appropriate valuation techniques.
The input data for the valuation is in principle based on the
Companys mid-term plan.
If the carrying value exceeds the fair value of a reporting
unit, thus indicating a possible impairment, E.ON performs the
second step of the SFAS 142 impairment test, which requires
E.ON to allocate the fair value to the assets and liabilities of
the reporting unit using a methodology consistent with the
application of the purchase method. Any excess of fair value of
the reporting unit over the fair value of net assets is compared
to the allocated goodwill as recorded. If the allocated goodwill
exceeds the residual fair value, an impairment charge equal to
the difference is recognized.
129
E.ON has designated the fourth quarter of its fiscal year for
its annual impairment test in order to coincide with its
mid-term planning process. E.ON believes that this schedule
ensures that the most current information available is used and
provides consistency in methodology. Acquisitions in 2004
resulted in goodwill totaling approximately
1 billion.
Total goodwill as of December 31, 2004 was
14.5 billion.
Fair Value of Derivatives
As quoted market prices for certain derivatives used by E.ON are
not readily available, the fair values of these derivatives have
been calculated using common market valuation methods and
value-influencing market data at the relevant balance sheet date
as follows:
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Currency, electricity, gas, oil and coal forward contracts,
swaps, and emission rights derivatives are valued separately at
future rates or market prices as of the balance sheet date. The
fair values of spot and forward contracts are based on spot
prices that consider forward premiums or discounts from quoted
prices in the relevant markets. |
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Market prices for currency, electricity and gas options are
obtained using standard option pricing models commonly used in
the market. The fair values of caps, floors, and collars are
determined on the basis of quoted market prices or on
calculations based on option pricing models. |
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The fair values of existing instruments to hedge interest rate
risk are determined by discounting future cash flows using
market interest rates over the remaining term of the instrument.
Discounted cash values are determined for interest rate,
cross-currency and cross-currency/interest rate swaps for each
individual transaction as of the balance sheet date. Interest
income is considered with an effect on current results at the
date of payment or accrual. |
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Equity swaps are valued on the basis of the stock prices of the
underlying equities, taking into consideration any financing
components. |
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Exchange-traded energy future and option contracts are valued
individually at daily settlement prices determined on the
futures markets that are published by their respective clearing
houses. Initial margins paid are disclosed under other assets.
Variation margins received or paid during the term of such
contracts are stated under other liabilities or other assets,
respectively, and are accounted for with an impact on earnings
at settlement or realization. |
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Certain long-term commodity contracts are valued by the use of
valuation models that include average probabilities and take
into account individual contract details and variables. |
The use of valuation models requires E.ON to make assumptions
and estimates regarding the volatility of derivative contracts
at the balance sheet date, and actual results could differ
significantly due to fluctuations in value-influencing market
data. The valuation models for the interest rate and currency
derivatives are based on calculations and valuations, generally
using a Group-wide financial management system that provides
consistent market data and valuation algorithms throughout the
Company. The algorithms used to obtain valuations are those
which are commonly used in the financial markets. In certain
cases the calculated fair value of derivatives is compared with
results which are produced by other market participants,
including banks, as well as those available through other
internally available systems. The valuations of commodity
instruments are delivered by multiple use EDP-based systems in
the market units, which also utilize common valuation techniques
and models as described above.
The objective of E.ONs financial and commodity risk
management is to minimize the risk of significant volatility in
earnings and cash flows from the underlying operational
business. Through internal guidelines (i.e., Group
finance guidelines and Group commodity risk guidelines), the
Company ensures that derivatives used for risk management
purposes, rather than proprietary trading, are only utilized to
hedge booked, contracted or planned underlying transactions.
E.ONs proprietary trading is limited to commodity
derivatives and takes place in specified markets within defined
limits designed to limit any significant impact of trading
activities on earnings. The open positions from the operational
business and the hedging and proprietary trading activities are
reported and monitored regularly. The Company, in line with
international banking standards, calculates and
130
assesses market risks in accordance with the policies outlined
in Item 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures
about Market Risk. For additional details on the
Groups use of derivative financial instruments, see
Note 28 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Electricity Contracts
Certain electricity contracts that E.ON has entered into in the
ordinary course of business meet all of the required criteria
for a derivative as defined under SFAS No. 133,
Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
(SFAS 133), and are marked to market. However,
due to the normal purchase normal sales exemption for
electricity companies as specified by SFAS No. 149,
Amendment of Statement 133 on Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities (SFAS 149), some of these contracts
are not accounted for as derivatives under SFAS 133 and
therefore are not being marked to market. As a result, any price
volatility inherent in these contracts is not reflected in the
operating results of E.ON. If this exemption is disallowed
through future interpretations or actions of the Financial
Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the impact on
future operating results could be significant.
Gas Contracts
The market units enter into gas purchase and sale contracts in
connection with their distribution, sale and retail activities,
as well as long-term gas purchase contracts for E.ON
Ruhrgas gas supplies and for certain subsidiaries of E.ON
Energie and the operation of E.ON UKs generation plants.
Contracts providing for physical delivery in Germany or Sweden
are currently accounted for as contracts outside the scope of
SFAS 133, as no functioning natural gas market mechanism or
spot market exists in Germany and Sweden which would allow the
Company to classify gas as readily convertible to cash. In the
future, it is possible that a functioning market mechanism or
spot market for natural gas could emerge, resulting in a need to
reassess the German and Swedish contracts for derivatives under
SFAS 133. If any such reassessment resulted in contracts
being accounted for as derivatives under SFAS 133, the
impact on future operating results could be significant. Within
the U.K. market, a number of non-standard gas contracts at E.ON
UK have been marked to market in 2003 following the
implementation of Derivatives Implementation Group Issue C-20.
Deferred Taxes
E.ON has significant deferred tax assets and liabilities which
are expected to be realized through the statement of income over
extended periods of time in the future. In calculating the
deferred tax items, E.ON is required to make certain assumptions
and estimates regarding the future tax consequences attributable
to differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities as recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements
and their tax basis. Significant assumptions made include the
expectation that: (1) future operating performance for
subsidiaries will be consistent with historical operating
results; (2) recoverability periods for tax credits and net
operating loss carryforwards will not change;
(3) undistributed earnings of foreign investments have been
permanently reinvested; (4) net operating losses for which
E.ON has not provided a valuation allowance will more likely
than not be recovered through future taxable income; and
(5) existing tax laws and rates to which E.ON is subject in
various tax jurisdictions will remain unchanged into the
foreseeable future. E.ON believes that it has used prudent
assumptions and feasible tax planning strategies in developing
its deferred tax balances; however, any changes to the facts and
circumstances underlying its assumptions could cause significant
changes in the deferred tax balances and resulting volatility in
its operating results.
Nuclear Waste Management
German law requires nuclear power plant operators to establish
sufficient financial provisions for financial obligations that
arise from the use of nuclear power. The amounts provided by
E.ON for its German nuclear power plants have been determined
based on an industry-wide valuation prepared by German
governmental authorities and qualified parties. In Sweden,
nuclear power plant operators are obliged to contribute cash to
a fund managed by the governmental authorities. The amount of
the contributions, as determined annually by governmental
authorities, is based on the volume of electricity produced
using nuclear power. Despite these contributions to the fund,
nuclear power plant operators in Sweden will still be obligated
to make additional
131
contributions if actual costs for nuclear waste management and
decommissioning exceed the governments estimates and the
amount available in the fund.
E.ON believes that the valuations used for both the German and
Swedish nuclear waste management programs provide the best
estimate available in respect to its nuclear waste management
and decommissioning liabilities. The costs associated with
nuclear waste management and the decommissioning of nuclear
power plants are substantial and are based on current legal
requirements and the projection of costs over extended future
periods. Any changes to the current legal requirements for
nuclear waste management/decommissioning or the timing of
payments to be made in relation to these requirements, as well
as changes in cost estimates, could have a significant impact on
E.ONs future operating results.
E.ON adopted SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset
Retirement Obligations (SFAS 143) as of
January 1, 2003. SFAS 143 requires that asset
retirement obligations be recorded at their fair value on a
companys balance sheet. For Germany, SFAS 143 changed
the methodology for calculating the nuclear decommissioning
accrual; however, the information used as a basis for
establishing the total costs of decommissioning will remain
consistent with that used in prior years. The asset retirement
obligation for Swedish nuclear power plants was recorded on a
gross basis upon the adoption of SFAS 143. E.ON recorded an
asset retirement obligation at fair value and a corresponding
long-term receivable against the Swedish national Nuclear Waste
Fund at fair value not exceeding the fair value of the asset
retirement obligation. The adoption of SFAS 143 increased
the amounts recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet for
E.ONs nuclear decommissioning liabilities as of
January 1, 2003 by
1,294 million.
For more details, see Note 23 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
The Financial Accounting Standards Board issued the following
accounting pronouncements in 2004 which are applicable to E.ON:
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SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs an amendment
of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4; |
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SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary
Assets an amendment of APB Opinion No. 29; and |
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SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment. |
For details of these pronouncements and their impact or expected
impact on the Companys results, see Note 2 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
E.ONs sales in 2004 increased 5.2 percent to
44,745 million
from
42,541 million
in 2003 (in each case net of electricity and natural gas taxes).
The increase was primarily attributable to consolidation
effects, including the first-time inclusion of full-year results
from the former Ruhrgas activities (which were only consolidated
for 11 months in 2003), from Graninge in the Nordic market
unit and from JME and JCE in the Central Europe market unit, as
well as the first-time consolidation of Midlands Electricity in
the U.K. market unit, which more than offset the impact of the
fact that the 2003 results included one month of Degussas
sales prior to its deconsolidation as of February 1, 2003.
The increase also reflected higher prices at the Central Europe,
U.K. and Nordic market units, while exchange rate effects
resulted in a decline in the sales of the U.S. Midwest market
unit. The core energy business accounted for 98.0 percent
of the Groups sales in 2004, as compared with
95.5 percent in 2003. Net income decreased by
6.6 percent to
4,339 million
in 2004 from
4,647 million
in 2003, primarily reflecting lower income from discontinued
operations, as described in more detail below. Cash provided by
operating activities increased 7.8 percent to
5,972 million
in 2004 from
5,538 million
in 2003, with the increase being primarily attributable to the
consolidation effects noted above, which more than offset the
decline in net income.
In 2004, 60.6 percent of the Groups total sales were
to customers in Germany and 39.4 percent were to customers
in other parts of the world, as compared with 60.9 percent
and 39.1 percent in 2003, respectively. For
132
the core energy business, the percentage of sales to customers
outside Germany was 39.4 percent in 2004, as compared with
39.2 percent in 2003.
E.ONs sales and earnings are influenced by a number of
differing economic and other external factors. The core energy
business, which represented 98.0 percent of the
Groups sales in 2004, is generally not subject to severe
fluctuations in its results, but is to some extent affected by
seasonality in demand related to weather patterns. Typically,
demand is higher for the Central Europe, Pan-European Gas and
U.K. market units during the winter months and for the
U.S. Midwest market unit during the summer. For a
discussion of trends and factors affecting E.ONs
businesses, see the market unit descriptions in
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview and Operating
Environment, as well as Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors.
BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION
As a result of the on.top strategic review E.ON launched in
2003, the core energy business has been re-organized into five
new regional market units (Central Europe, Pan-European Gas,
U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest), plus the Corporate Center.
Beginning in 2004, E.ONs financial reporting mirrors the
new structure, with each of the five market units and the
results of the enhanced Corporate Center (including
consolidation effects) constituting a separate segment for
financial reporting purposes. Viterras results and
E.ONs proportionate share of Degussas after-tax
earnings following its deconsolidation continue to be presented
outside of the core energy business as part of E.ONs
Other Activities, which is reported as a separate
segment. As part of the implementation of the new structure,
E.ON completed intra-Group transfers of shareholdings in a
number of its companies in December 2003 and in 2004. In
particular, E.ON Energie transferred the majority of its
interest in Thüga and certain of its other gas operations
to E.ON Ruhrgas (where they now form part of the Pan-European
Gas market unit), while transferring its interest in the holding
company owning its interests in Sydkraft and E.ON Finland (now
E.ON Nordic) to E.ON AG (where they now comprise the Nordic
market unit), and E.ON Ruhrgas transferred downstream gas
activities mainly in Hungary and the Czech Republic to E.ON
Energie (where they now form part of the Central Europe market
unit). None of these transfers had any impact on E.ONs
financial results on a consolidated basis. For additional
information, see Item 4. Information on the
Company History and Development of the
Company Group Strategy On.top.
Also beginning in 2004, E.ON adopted adjusted EBIT
as the measure pursuant to which the Group evaluates the
performance of its segments and allocates resources to them.
Adjusted EBIT is an adjusted figure derived from income/(loss)
from continuing operations (before intra-Group eliminations when
presented on a segment basis) before income taxes and minority
interests, excluding interest income. Adjustments include net
book gains resulting from disposals, as well as restructuring
expenses and other non-operating earnings of an exceptional
nature. In addition, interest income is adjusted using economic
criteria. In particular, the interest portion of additions to
provisions for pensions and nuclear waste management is
allocated to adjusted interest income. Management believes that
adjusted EBIT is the most useful segment performance measure
because it better depicts the performance of individual
operating units independent of changes in interest income and
taxes. Until 2004, Internal operating profit was the
measure used to evaluate segment performance. Internal operating
profit is equivalent to adjusted EBIT plus adjusted interest
income. During the relevant periods, E.ON used adjusted EBIT and
internal operating profit as its segment reporting measure in
accordance with SFAS 131. However, on a consolidated Group
basis, adjusted EBIT and internal operating profit are
considered non-GAAP measures that must be reconciled to the most
directly comparable GAAP measure. For a reconciliation of Group
adjusted EBIT to net income for each of 2003 and 2004, as well
as a reconciliation of Group internal operating profit to net
income for each of 2002 and 2003, see the tables on
pages 137 and 151 below and the accompanying analysis. For
a reconciliation of adjusted EBIT to income (loss) from
continuing operations before income taxes and minority interests
for each of the three years, see Note 31 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
SFAS 131 requires that the segment presentation included in
Note 31 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
be reclassified to reflect the new market unit structure
(including the transfers of businesses noted above) and the
adoption of adjusted EBIT as the segment reporting measure for
each of the three years presented. To enhance comparability, the
analysis of E.ONs segment results in 2004 and 2003
presented below has been prepared using these reclassified
figures for 2003. However, the extent of the reclassification of
segment results
133
required by SFAS 131 is limited and does not provide E.ON
with sufficient data with which to present a detailed comparison
of its segment results for 2003 and 2002 on the basis of the new
market unit structure, particularly with regard to the factors
driving changes in key line items within any single segment.
Even were it practicable for E.ON to prepare such a detailed
analysis, E.ON believes that the utility to investors of any
such comparison would be quite limited, given that E.ONs
management did not use the new market unit structure or adjusted
EBIT in managing its businesses in 2002 or 2003, as well as the
fact that in 2002 E.ON did not control E.ON Ruhrgas, which
accounts for the significant majority of the results of the
Pan-European Gas market unit, and only controlled Powergen,
which accounts for all of the results of the U.K. market unit,
and LG&E Energy, which accounts for all of the results of
the U.S. Midwest market unit, for six months. Accordingly, the
comparison of E.ONs segment results for 2003 and 2002
presented below has been prepared on the basis of the segments
and segment performance measure (internal operating profit,
rather than adjusted EBIT) used by the Groups management
at such time, as previously reported in E.ONs Annual
Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2003 and Note 31 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included therein. The segment
results for 2003 included in such comparison therefore differ
from the reclassified segment results used in the comparison of
results for 2004 and 2003. In particular, the 2003 results of
the Central Europe market unit included in the 2004-2003
comparison are not directly comparable with those of the former
E.ON Energie segment included in the 2003-2002 comparison and
the results of the Pan-European Gas market unit included in the
2004-2003 comparison are not directly comparable with those of
the Ruhrgas division included in the 2003-2002 comparison.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2004 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2003
The following table sets forth sales and adjusted EBIT for each
of E.ONs business segments for 2004 and 2003 (in each case
excluding the results of discontinued operations):
E.ON BUSINESS SEGMENT SALES AND ADJUSTED EBIT
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2004 | |
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2003 | |
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Adjusted | |
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Adjusted | |
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Sales | |
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EBIT | |
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Sales | |
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EBIT | |
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( in millions) | |
Central Europe(1)(2)
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20,752 |
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3,602 |
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19,253 |
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2,979 |
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Pan-European Gas(3)
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14,426 |
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1,428 |
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12,973 |
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1,463 |
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U.K.
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8,490 |
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1,017 |
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7,923 |
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610 |
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Nordic(4)
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3,347 |
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701 |
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2,824 |
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546 |
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U.S. Midwest(2)
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1,913 |
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349 |
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1,971 |
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317 |
|
Corporate Center(2)(5)
|
|
|
(813 |
) |
|
|
(314 |
) |
|
|
(596 |
) |
|
|
(319 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
48,115 |
|
|
|
6,783 |
|
|
|
44,348 |
|
|
|
5,596 |
|
|
Other Activities(2)(6)
|
|
|
988 |
|
|
|
578 |
|
|
|
2,079 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
7,361 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
6,228 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Sales include electricity taxes of
1,051 million
in 2004 and
1,015 million
in 2003. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the sales and adjusted EBIT of certain activities now
accounted for as discontinued operations. For more details, see
Acquisitions and Dispositions Discontinued
Operations and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the results of the former Ruhrgas activities from the
date of consolidation on February 1, 2003. Sales include
natural gas and electricity taxes of
2,923 million
in 2004 and
2,555 million
in 2003. |
|
(4) |
Sales include electricity and natural gas taxes of
395 million
in 2004 and
324 million
in 2003. |
|
(5) |
Includes primarily the parent company and effects from
consolidation (including the elimination of intersegment sales),
as well as the results of the former telecommunications
division, as explained in Item 4. |
134
|
|
|
Information on the Company Business Overview
Introduction. Sales between companies in the same market
unit are eliminated in calculating sales on the market unit
level. |
|
(6) |
In 2003, includes sales of Degussa for the month of January
only, prior to its deconsolidation. For more details, see
Item 4. Information on the Company Business
Overview Other Activities Degussa
Overview and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements. |
E.ONs sales in 2004 increased 5.2 percent to
44,745 million
from
42,541 million
in 2003 (in each case net of electricity and natural gas taxes).
As noted above, the increase was primarily attributable to
consolidation effects. As illustrated in the table on the
preceding page, the overall increase in the Groups sales
reflected an increase in sales in the core energy business as a
whole and at each of its market units other than U.S. Midwest
and the Corporate Center, the effect of which was partially
offset by a sharp decline in sales at E.ONs Other
Activities, primarily due to the fact that the 2003 results
included one month of Degussas sales prior to its
deconsolidation as of February 1, 2003.
Sales of the Central Europe market unit increased
7.8 percent in 2004 to
20,752 million
(including
1,051 million
of electricity taxes) from
19,253 million
(including
1,015 million
of electricity taxes) in 2003. Pan-European Gas sales
increased by 11.2 percent to
14,426
(including
2,923 million
of natural gas and electricity taxes) in 2004 from
12,973 million
(including
2,555 million
of natural gas and electricity taxes) in 2003. Sales of the U.K.
market unit increased by 7.2 percent, amounting to
8,490 million
in 2004 as compared to
7,923 million
in 2003. The Nordic market unit grew its 2004 sales by
18.5 percent to
3,347 million
(including
395 million
of electricity and natural gas taxes) from
2,824 million
(including
324 million
of electricity and natural gas taxes) in 2003. Sales of the U.S.
Midwest market unit decreased by 2.9 percent in 2004 to
1,913 million
compared with
1,971 million
in 2003. The elimination of intersegment sales at the Corporate
Center resulted in the segment reporting negative sales of
596 million
in 2003 and
813 million
in 2004. Sales at the Other Activities were more than halved,
declining from
2,079 million
in 2003 to
988 million
in 2004. The sales of each of these segments are discussed in
more detail below.
Total cost of goods sold and services provided in 2004 increased
1.7 percent or
573 million
to
33,353 million
compared with
32,780 million
in 2003, with increases at the Pan-European Gas market unit
(1,043 million)
primarily reflecting the effect of the first-time full-year
inclusion of the former Ruhrgas activities, at the Central
Europe market unit
(419 million),
primarily resulting from higher procurement costs, and at the
Nordic market unit
(273 million),
mainly due to the first-time full-year inclusion of Graninge.
These effects were largely offset by decreases at the Other
Activities due to the deconsolidation of Degussa
(690 million),
lower cost of goods sold and services provided at the Corporate
Center
(170 million)
and a similar decrease at the U.K. market unit
(109 million).
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues (net of
electricity and natural gas taxes) decreased to
74.5 percent in 2004 from 77.1 percent in 2003, as
sales increased more than the cost of goods sold and services
provided. Gross profit therefore increased at a higher rate than
sales, rising by 16.7 percent to
11,392 million
in 2004 from
9,761 million
in 2003.
Selling expenses decreased 3.7 percent or
169 million
to
4,387 million
in 2004, compared with
4,556 million
in 2003. The decline reflected an overall reduction of
209 million
in selling expenses at the Central Europe market unit, including
90 million
in reduced personnel costs and
63 million
from the release of provisions, as well as the fact that the
2003 results reflected
136 million
in selling expenses at Degussa. These effects were offset in
part by an increase of
189 million
in selling expenses at the U.K. market unit, primarily
reflecting expenses at Midlands Electricity following its
acquisition.
General and administrative expenses increased by
109 million,
amounting to
1,508 million
in 2004 compared with
1,399 million
in 2003. The 7.8 percent increase was primarily
attributable to an increase of
148 million
in such costs at the Central Europe market unit, including an
impairment charge of
73 million
for real estate, as well as personnel costs arising from the
first-time consolidation of E.ON Facility Management GmbH
(48 million).
An increase of
78 million
at the Nordic market unit mainly reflecting the first-time
full-year inclusion of Graninge also contributed to the higher
total. The factors were offset in part by the fact that the
135
2003 results included
77 million
of general and administrative expenses from Degussa, as well as
lower general and administrative expenses at the
U.K. market unit in 2004
(5 million).
Other operating income (expenses), net decreased to
1,735 million
in 2004 from
2,091 million
in 2003. This decrease of
356 million,
or 17.0 percent, reflected lower net book gains on the
disposal of businesses and fixed assets and increased expenses
arising from exchange rate differences. Net book gains decreased
by
871 million
year on year, amounting to
912 million
in 2004, compared with
1,783 million
in 2003. The 2004 figure primarily included gains from the sale
of fixed assets (primarily housing units) at Viterra
(414 million),
the sales of stakes in EWE and VNG
(317 million),
the sale of an additional 3.6 percent of Degussas
share capital to RAG
(51 million),
the sale of shares in Union Fenosa
(26 million)
and the sale of certain shareholdings at the Central Europe
market unit
(57 million).
The higher net book gains of
1,783 million
for 2003 included gains from the sale of E.ONs
15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
the sale of fixed assets (primarily housing units) at Viterra
(433 million),
the sale of 18.1 percent of Degussas shares to RAG
(168 million),
as well as from the sale of a number of shareholdings at the
Central Europe market unit (aggregating
150 million).
Net expenses arising from exchange rate differences increased by
349 million,
from income of
38 million
in 2003 to expenses of
311 million
in 2004, reflecting results from the recognition of exchange
rate movements on foreign currency transactions and net realized
losses on foreign currency derivatives. The impact of the lower
net book gains and higher expenses from exchange rates
differences on the overall figure was partially offset by an
increase in gains on the required marking to market of
derivatives
(201 million)
and a reduction in write-downs of non-fixed assets
(168 million).
Miscellaneous other operating income (expenses), net increased
by
481 million,
amounting to income of
647 million
in 2004, as compared with income of
166 million
in 2003. This improved result was primarily attributable to
income from the reversal of certain provisions (approximately
151 million)
and higher net gains from the sale of short-term securities
(approximately
106 million).
For further information, see Note 5 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial earnings decreased by
74 million,
or 20.6 percent, resulting in a loss of
433 million
in 2004 compared with a loss of
359 million
in 2003. The decrease was primarily attributable to an increase
of
34 million
in interest and similar expenses, net, a decline of
20 million
in income from share investments and an increase of
20 million
in write-downs of financial assets and long-term loans. For
additional information, see Note 6 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
As a result of the factors described above, income
(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests increased by 22.8 percent or
1,261 million
to income of
6,799 million
in 2004, as compared with income of
5,538 million
in 2003.
In 2004, E.ON recorded income tax expenses of
1,947 million,
as compared to a tax expense of
1,124 million
in 2003. The increase of
823 million
or 73.2 percent primarily reflected the improved operating
results. Changes in tax rates and tax laws that took effect in
2004 also resulted in increased tax expenses of approximately
142 million,
including deferred tax expenses of
77 million.
These effects were partially offset by the change in valuation
allowances for deferred taxes on loss carryforwards that
amounted to income of
199 million
in 2004 as compared to expenses of
543 million
in 2003. For additional information, see Note 7 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Income attributable to minority interests, and therefore
deducted in the calculation of net income, was
504 million
in 2004, as compared to
464 million
in 2003, with the increase of
40 million,
or 8.6 percent, reflecting improved results at a number of
the entities in which the Group holds a minority interest.
Results from discontinued operations decreased net income by
9 million
in 2004, as compared to a contribution of
1,137 million
to net income in 2003. The significant decrease reflects the
fact that the Company is nearing completion of its divestitures
planned in connection with its focus on the core energy
business, as discontinued operations divested in prior years no
longer produce income effects. Excluding the results of
discontinued operations, E.ON would have recorded net income of
4,348 million
in 2004, as compared to net income of
3,510 million
in 2003. The Groups net income decreased 6.6 percent,
totaling
4,339 million
in 2004, compared with
4,647 million
in 2003.
136
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBIT. As noted above,
beginning in January 2004, E.ON uses adjusted EBIT as its
segment reporting measure in accordance with SFAS 131. On a
consolidated Group basis, adjusted EBIT is considered a non-GAAP
measure that must be reconciled to the most directly comparable
GAAP measure. A reconciliation of Group adjusted EBIT to net
income for each of 2003 and 2004 appears in the table below. The
following paragraphs discuss changes in the principal components
of each of the reconciling items to income (loss) from
continuing operations before income taxes and minority
interests. For additional details, see Note 31 of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Adjusted EBIT
|
|
|
7,361 |
|
|
|
6,228 |
|
Adjusted interest income, net
|
|
|
(1,140 |
) |
|
|
(1,663 |
) |
Net book gains
|
|
|
589 |
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
Cost-management and restructuring expenses
|
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
(479 |
) |
Other non-operating results
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
and minority interests
|
|
|
6,799 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(1,947 |
) |
|
|
(1,124 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(504 |
) |
|
|
(464 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
3,950 |
|
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
1,137 |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On a consolidated Group basis, adjusted EBIT increased by
18.2 percent to
7,361 million
in 2004, as compared with
6,228 million
in 2003.
As detailed in the table below, adjusted interest income, net
increased by
523 million
or 31.4 percent to an expense of
1,140 million
in 2004 from an expense of
1,663 million
in 2003, primarily due to a reduction of
357 million
in the interest portion of long-term provisions, of which
approximately
270 million
related to amendments to Germanys Ordinance on Advance
Payments for the Establishment of Federal Facilities for Safe
Custody and Final Storage for Radioactive Wastes
(Endlager-Vorausleistungsverordnung). Under the amended
ordinance, construction costs for the final storage facilities
at Gorleben and Konrad will now be shared by nuclear plant
operators and by other users, such as research institutes, in
line with their expected actual usage of the storage facilities,
thus lowering E.ONs share of the costs. Non-operating
interest income, net amounted to income of
62 million
in 2003 and an expense of
138 million
in 2004, with the change reflecting an increase in accruals for
interest payments due on future taxes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Interest income and similar expenses (net) as shown in
Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
(1,141 |
) |
|
|
(1,107 |
) |
(+) Non-operating interest income, net(1)
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
(-) Interest portion of long-term provisions
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted interest income, net
|
|
|
(1,140 |
) |
|
|
(1,663 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
This net figure is calculated by adding in non-operating
interest expense and subtracting non-operating interest income. |
Net book gains in 2004 decreased by 53.1 percent from
1,257 million
in 2003 to
589 million.
In 2004, net book gains resulted from the sale of equity
interests in EWE and VNG
(317 million),
the sale of shares of Union Fenosa and other securities held by
the Central Europe market unit
(221 million)
and the sale of an additional
137
3.6 percent of Degussas share capital to RAG
(51 million).
In 2003, net book gains mainly resulted from the sale of
E.ONs 15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
E.ONs sale of 18.1 percent of Degussa to RAG
(168 million)
and the sale of securities at E.ON Energie (approximately
165 million).
Additional book gains in the amount of approximately
160 million
were primarily attributable to E.ON Energies sale of its
interest in swb
(85 million)
and Powergens disposal of certain power plants
(24 million).
The overall impact of these gains in 2003 was offset in part by
a loss of
76 million
recorded on the sale by E.ON Energie of a 1.9 percent
interest in HypoVereinsbank in March of that year. These book
gains are calculated on a more inclusive basis than those
discussed above in the analysis of other operating income
(expenses), net. These gains generally include all gains and
losses from the disposal of financial assets and results of
deconsolidation, both net of expenses directly linked with the
relevant disposal. They also include book gains and losses
realized by equity investees, which are included in the income
statement as a component of financial earnings.
Cost-management and restructuring expenses decreased by
77.5 percent to
108 million
in 2004, compared with
479 million
in 2003. In 2004, the principal expenses contributing to this
item were restructuring costs of
63 million
at the U.K. market unit, mainly attributable to the integration
of Midlands Electricity, and restructuring costs of
37 million
at the Central Europe market unit that were primarily
attributable to the merger of a number of its regional
distribution companies into E.ON Hanse and E.ON Westfalen Weser.
In 2003, the principal expenses contributing to this item were
primarily costs attributable to the Central Europe market unit
(358 million),
including those resulting from the merger of regional
distributors noted above. Additional restructuring costs of
121 million
were attributable to the U.K. market units integration of
the former TXU Group retail activities.
The income reported as other non-operating results amounted to
97 million
in 2004, compared with
195 million
in 2003. In 2004, positive other non-operating results in the
amount of approximately
290 million
were attributable to unrealized gains from the required marking
to market of derivatives under SFAS 133 primarily at the
U.K. market unit, which were partially offset by unusual charges
on investments at the Central Europe and U.K. market units
(110 million)
and by impairment charges on real estate and short-term
securities at the Central Europe market unit
(84 million).
In 2003, other non-operating earnings primarily reflected the
positive effects from the required marking to market of
derivatives
(494 million),
which was partially offset by the impact of an impairment charge
that Degussa took as of September 30, 2003. Degussa
recorded an impairment charge of
500 million
(before taxes) in its Fine Chemicals business unit due to
significant changes in market conditions. As a result of this
impairment charge, E.ON recorded a loss of
187 million
attributable to its direct shareholding in Degussa (then
46.5 percent). For more information, see Note 6 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
For financial reporting purposes, the Central Europe market unit
comprises four business units: Central Europe West Power,
Central Europe West Gas, Central Europe East and Other/
Consolidation. The Central Europe West Power business unit
reflects the results of the conventional, nuclear and
hydroelectric generation businesses, transmission, the regional
distribution of power, and the retail electricity business in
Germany, as well as E.ON Energies trading business. In
addition, Central Europe West Power also includes the results of
E.ON Benelux, which operates power generation and district
heating businesses in the Netherlands. The Central Europe West
Gas business unit reflects the results of the regional
distribution of gas and the gas retail business in Germany. The
Central Europe East business unit primarily includes the results
of the shareholdings in regional distribution companies in the
Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Other/ Consolidation
primarily includes the results of other international
shareholdings, service companies and the E.ON Energie corporate
center, as well as intrasegment consolidation effects.
Total sales of the Central Europe market unit increased by
7.8 percent to
20,752 million
(including
1,051 million
of electricity taxes and
212 million
in intersegment sales) in 2004, compared with a total of
19,253 million
(including
1,015 million
of electricity taxes and
270 million
in intersegment sales) in 2003. The overall increase of
1,499 million
reflected higher sales at each of Central Europes business
units other than its Central Europe West Gas business unit, as
described in more detail below.
138
The following table sets forth the sales of each business unit
in the Central Europe market unit in each of the last two years,
in each case excluding electricity taxes:
SALES OF CENTRAL EUROPE MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003(1) | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Central Europe West
|
|
|
17,576 |
|
|
|
16,814 |
|
|
|
+4.5 |
|
|
Power
|
|
|
14,597 |
|
|
|
13,662 |
|
|
|
+6.8 |
|
|
Gas
|
|
|
2,979 |
|
|
|
3,152 |
|
|
|
-5.5 |
|
Central Europe East
|
|
|
1,877 |
|
|
|
1,308 |
|
|
|
+43.5 |
|
Other/Consolidation
|
|
|
248 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
+113.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
19,701 |
|
|
|
18,238 |
|
|
|
+8.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excludes sales of Thüga and the activities transferred to
the Pan-European Gas market unit and those of Sydkraft and the
other businesses of E.ON Nordic. |
Sales of the Central Europe West Power business unit increased
by
935 million
or 6.8 percent from
13,662 million
in 2003 to
14,597 million
in 2004. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase
in the sale of electricity from renewable resources, reflecting
regulatory requirements (approximately
550 million),
as well as higher electricity prices (approximately
275 million).
Sales of the Central Europe West Gas business unit decreased by
5.5 percent from
3,152 million
in 2003 to
2,979 million
in 2004, with the decrease of
173 million
reflecting a decrease of 9.5 TWh or 8.5 percent in the
volume of gas sold that was primarily attributable to warmer
temperatures in 2004 compared with 2003.
Sales of the Central Europe East business unit increased by
43.5 percent or
569 million,
from
1,308 million
in 2003 to
1,877 million
in 2004, with the increase being primarily due to the first-time
inclusion of a full year of results from JME and JCE, which were
consolidated as of October 2003 (approximately
520 million).
Total power procured by the Central Europe market unit
(excluding physically-settled trading activities) rose
5.5 percent to 254.3 billion kWh in 2004, compared
with 241.0 billion kWh in 2003. E.ON Energies own
production of power declined by 4.2 percent from
137.1 billion kWh in 2003 to 131.3 billion kWh in
2004, largely as a result of the shut down of the nuclear power
plant Stade in November 2003 as part of Germanys planned
phase-out of nuclear power (4.6 TWh). E.ON Energie produced
approximately 52 percent of its power requirements in 2004,
compared with approximately 57 percent in 2003. Compared
with 2003, electricity purchased from jointly operated power
stations increased by 5.7 percent from 10.6 billion
kWh to 11.2 billion kWh. Purchases of electricity from
third parties increased by 19.8 percent, from
93.3 billion kWh in 2003 to 111.8 billion kWh in 2004,
largely due to the first-time inclusion of full year results at
JME and JCE (approximately 9 TWh), as well as a significant
increase in purchases of energy produced from renewable sources
(approximately 8 TWh).
In 2004, the Central Europe market unit contributed adjusted
EBIT of
3,602 million,
a 20.9 percent increase from a total of
2,979 million
in 2003. The overall increase reflected improved adjusted EBIT
results at each of the market units business units, as
described in more detail below.
139
The following table sets forth the adjusted EBIT of each
business unit in the Central Europe market unit in each of the
last two years:
ADJUSTED EBIT OF CENTRAL EUROPE MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003(1) | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Central Europe West
|
|
|
3,311 |
|
|
|
2,819 |
|
|
|
+17.5 |
|
|
Power
|
|
|
2,996 |
|
|
|
2,530 |
|
|
|
+18.4 |
|
|
Gas
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
+9.0 |
|
Central Europe East
|
|
|
235 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
+36.6 |
|
Other/Consolidation
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
3,602 |
|
|
|
2,979 |
|
|
|
+20.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excludes results of Thüga and the activities transferred to
the Pan-European Gas market unit and those of Sydkraft and the
other businesses of E.ON Nordic. |
Adjusted EBIT at the Central Europe West Power business unit
increased by
466 million
from
2,530 million
in 2003 to
2,996 million
in 2004. This 18.4 percent increase was primarily attributable
to higher electricity prices
(275 million),
as well as lower expenses for nuclear fuel management
(approximately
270 million)
largely due to lower depreciation expense as a consequence of a
reduction of the remaining asset base. The release of provisions
contributed
151 million
in adjusted EBIT. These provisions related to additional costs
relating to the Renewable Energy Law and the Co-Generation
Protection Law and to allegedly excessive grid access fees and
were released following court decisions confirming E.ONs
position that such costs can be passed on to consumers and that
such fees were not excessive. Adjusted EBIT for 2003 had also
been negatively impacted by
124 million
in payments settling accounts in control and balance areas based
on unbundling requirements, including those due for prior years,
whereas similar costs in 2004 totalled approximately
10 million.
The positive effects of these factors on the business
units adjusted EBIT were partly offset by increased
provisions for legal obligations in the grid business
(approximately
160 million)
and higher fuel costs
(56 million),
primarily reflecting significantly higher prices for hard coal.
In addition, the positive effect arising from the closing out of
certain positions by ESTs trading unit in 2003
(130 million),
did not recur in 2004.
Adjusted EBIT of the Central Europe West Gas business unit grew
by 9.0 percent to
315 million
in 2004, compared with
289 million
in 2003. The increase of
26 million
was primarily the result of the effect on margins
(77 million),
largely reflecting optimized procurement, the effect of which
was partially offset by the impact of the largely
weather-related decline in the volume of gas sales noted above
(40 million).
The Central Europe East business unit contributed adjusted EBIT
of
235 million
in 2004, a 36.6 percent increase from
172 million
in 2003. This
63 million
increase was primarily attributable to the inclusion of JME and
JCE for the entire period under review
(44 million)
and improved results at E.ON Hungária
(36 million),
which were partly offset due to an impairment charge at one of
the business units shareholdings
(11 million).
In the Other/Consolidation business unit, Central Europe
recorded a
68 million
improvement in adjusted EBIT, from adjusted EBIT of negative
12 million
in 2003 to adjusted EBIT of
56 million
in 2004. The primary reason was the release of provisions
relating to E.ON Energie.
Following its acquisition, Ruhrgas results were included
in E.ONs Consolidated Financial Statements from
February 1, 2003. As a result of E.ONs on.top
project, a majority of E.ON Energies interest in
Thüga and its interests in a number of smaller gas
companies were transferred to E.ON Ruhrgas in late 2003 and
early 2004. As explained above, all of the financial data for
2003 presented in this comparison have been reclassified to
conform to the new market unit structure and therefore include
the results of Thüga and the other transferred companies
within those for the Pan-European Gas market unit for all of
both 2003 and 2004. E.ON Ruhrgas was
140
consolidated for all of 2004. This first-time full-year
consolidation effect is reflected in an increase in many of the
market units results for 2004, as compared to the
reclassified results for 2003. In order to better present trends
in the underlying business, this analysis also discusses certain
changes in the market units results for 2003 (including
the former Ruhrgas activities for the eleven months beginning
February 1 and Thüga and the other transferred activities
for the full year) compared with figures for 2004 (the
adjusted 2004 figures) prepared on the same basis
(excluding the results of the former Ruhrgas activities for
January). The adjusted 2004 figures are unaudited.
For financial reporting purposes, the Pan-European Gas market
unit is divided into three business units: Up-/Midstream,
Downstream Shareholdings and Other/ Consolidation. The Up-/
Midstream business unit reflects the results of the supply,
transmission system, storage and sales businesses, with the
midstream operations essentially including all of the supply and
sales business other than exploration and production activities.
The Downstream Shareholdings business unit reflects the results
of ERI and Thüga. Other/ Consolidation primarily includes
the results of Ruhrgas Industries and consolidation
effects.
Total sales of the Pan-European Gas market unit increased by
11.2 percent to
14,426 million
(including
2,923 million
of natural gas and electricity taxes and
567 million
in intersegment sales) in 2004, compared with a total of
12,973 million
(including
2,555 million
of natural gas and electricity taxes and
400 million
in intersegment sales) in 2003, with the increase reflecting
sales increases at each of the business units that were
primarily attributable to the full-year consolidation effect, as
described in more detail below. On the basis of the adjusted
2004 figures, the market units sales (including natural
gas and electricity taxes and intersegment sales) decreased by
68 million
or 0.5 percent, mainly due to lower sales in the Up-/
Midstream business unit, as described in more detail below.
The following table sets forth the sales of each business unit
in the Pan-European Gas market unit (excluding natural gas and
electricity taxes) in each of the last two years:
SALES OF PAN-EUROPEAN GAS MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003(1) | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Up-/ Midstream
|
|
|
9,274 |
|
|
|
8,360 |
|
|
|
+10.9 |
|
Downstream
|
|
|
1,358 |
|
|
|
1,326 |
|
|
|
+2.4 |
|
Other/ Consolidation
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
732 |
|
|
|
+19.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
11,503 |
|
|
|
10,418 |
|
|
|
+10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes sales of the former Ruhrgas activities for the period
from February 1 to December 31 and those of Thüga and the
other transferred activities for the full year. |
Sales in the Up-/ Midstream business unit increased by
10.9 percent from
8,360 million
to
9,274 million,
with the increase being entirely attributable to the full-year
consolidation effect, which is amplified by the fact that
January (which is included in the 2004 results, but excluded
with respect to the former Ruhrgas activities from those for
2003) is traditionally a month of significantly higher than
average sales. On the basis of the adjusted 2004 figures, the
business units sales decreased by
159 million
or 1.9 percent, primarily due to a decline of approximately
230 million
in gas sales in the midstream operations. This decrease
reflected the combined effect of a decline in average prices
(approximately
400 million)
and the impact of lower temperature spikes (the fact that the
coldest days of 2004 were warmer than those of 2003 was
reflected in decreased demand for gas on those days and
therefore a lower capacity charge for the period) (approximately
120 million),
which were partially offset by positive volume and mix effects
in the midstream operations (approximately
290 million).
The business units overall sales figure also benefited
from the initial sales contribution from the exploration and
production activities of E.ON Ruhrgas Norge
(45 million).
In the Downstream Shareholdings business unit, sales increased
by 2.4 percent to
1,358 million
in 2004 compared with
1,326 million
in 2003, again due to the full-year consolidation effect. On the
basis of the
141
adjusted 2004 figures, sales decreased by
36 million
or 2.7 percent, reflecting the impact of the negative price
effects described above on the units operations,
particularly Ferngas Nordbayern.
Sales in the Other/ Consolidation business unit increased by
139 million
or 19.0 percent from
732 million
in 2003 to
871 million
in 2004, with the increase reflecting the full-year
consolidation effect. On the basis of the adjusted 2004 figures,
sales increased by
98 million
or 13.4 percent, reflecting the first-time inclusion of a
full year of results of a number of businesses acquired by
Ruhrgas Industries, including Canadian Meter Company
(consolidated in January 2004), Drever International S.A.
(consolidated in March 2003) and OOO Elster Metronica
(consolidated in April 2003).
Sales volumes also reflected the impact of the first-time
inclusion of the former Ruhrgas activities for the entire
year. Total gas sold by E.ON Ruhrgas midstream operations
increased by 20.0 percent to 641.4 billion kWh in
2004 from 534.5 billion kWh in the eleven months of
2003, with increases recorded in sales to each category of
customer. Sales to domestic distributors increased by
16.6 percent from 282.0 billion kWh to
328.7 billion kWh. Sales to domestic municipal
utilities increased by 14.5 percent from
136.3 billion kWh to 156.1 billion kWh. E.ON
Ruhrgas sold 69.0 billion kWh of gas to domestic
industrial customers, an increase of 16.4 percent from
59.3 billion kWh in 2003. Exports reached
87.6 billion kWh in 2004, a 54.0 percent increase
from 56.9 billion kWh in 2003. E.ON Ruhrgas purchased
approximately 83.2 percent of its gas supplies from outside
Germany and approximately 16.8 percent from German
producers in 2004, compared with 82.5 percent and
17.5 percent, respectively, in 2003. In the Downstream
Shareholdings business unit, total gas sales volumes increased
by 9.9 percent from 46.4 billion kWh in 2003 to
51.0 billion kWh in 2004. Thüga increased its
sales volumes by 28.2 percent to 20.9 billion kWh
from 16.3 billion kWh, primarily due to the inclusion
of Thüga Italia. Sales volumes at ERI were stable at
30.1 billion kWh.
Adjusted EBIT of the Pan-European Gas market unit decreased by
2.4 percent to
1,428 million
from a total of
1,463 million
in 2003, as the positive full-year consolidation effect was more
than offset by other factors, particularly negative price
effects that contributed to a decline in adjusted EBIT in the
Up-/ Midstream business unit, as described in more detail below.
The following table sets forth the adjusted EBIT of each
business unit in the Pan-European Gas market unit in each of the
last two years:
ADJUSTED EBIT OF PAN-EUROPEAN GAS MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003(1) | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Up-/ Midstream
|
|
|
862 |
|
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
-6.6 |
|
Downstream Shareholdings
|
|
|
486 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
+0.4 |
|
Other/Consolidation
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
+42.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
-2.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes results of the former Ruhrgas activities for the period
from February 1 to December 31 and those of Thüga and the
other transferred activities for the full year. |
Adjusted EBIT in the Up-/ Midstream business unit decreased by
61 million
or 6.6 percent from
923 million
in 2003 to
862 million
in 2004. On the basis of the adjusted 2004 figures, adjusted
EBIT decreased by
247 million
or 26.7 percent, reflecting the impact of the time lag
effect (approximately
190 million)
resulting from the fact that increases in market reference
prices for gas and competing fuels are generally reflected in
the prices E.ON Ruhrgas pays for gas under its long-term
purchase contracts before they are reflected in the prices paid
by customers under sales contracts (see Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors Ruhrgas
long-term gas contracts expose it to volume and price
risks), as well as that of the lower temperature spikes
noted above (approximately
120 million).
These negative factors were partially offset by the impact of
increased sales volumes (approximately
70 million)
and the contribution of E.ON Ruhrgas Norge
(19 million).
142
In the Downstream Shareholdings business unit, adjusted EBIT
increased by
2 million
or 0.4 percent to
486 million
in 2004 from
484 million
in 2003 due to the full-year consolidation effect. On the basis
of the adjusted 2004 figures, adjusted EBIT decreased by
16 million
or 3.3 percent. The fact that the 2003 result had included
24 million
in adjusted EBIT from Bayerngas and VNG, which were disposed of
in late 2003 and early 2004, as well as impairments to
shareholdings, including Stadtwerke Chemnitz, of
30 million,
more than offset the positive impact of improved results at a
number of the business units international shareholdings
(44 million),
including SPP.
Adjusted EBIT in the Other/ Consolidation business unit
increased by
24 million
or 42.9 percent from
56 million
in 2003 to
80 million
in 2004, again reflecting the full-year consolidation effect. On
the basis of the adjusted 2004 figures, adjusted EBIT increased
by
23 million
or 41.1 percent, primarily as a result of the fact that the
adjusted EBIT contribution of Ruhrgas Industries (which rose by
16 million)
had been reduced by
14 million
in 2003 due to required write-downs of in-process research and
development expenses as part of the purchase price allocation.
The industrial furnaces and gas metering businesses also
contributed to the overall increase.
Total sales of the U.K. market unit in 2004 increased by
7.2 percent to
8,490 million
(including
10 million
in intersegment sales) from
7,923 million
(including
8 million
in intersegment sales) in 2003, primarily as a result of
significantly increased sales in the Regulated Business business
unit reflecting the first-time inclusion of the results of
Midlands Electricity following its consolidation as of
January 16, 2004. The overall increase of
567 million
reflected higher sales at each of U.K.s business units, as
described in more detail below.
The following table sets forth the sales of each business unit
in the U.K. market unit in each of the last two years:
SALES OF U.K. MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Non-regulated Business
|
|
|
7,788 |
|
|
|
7,682 |
|
|
|
+1.4 |
|
Regulated Business
|
|
|
941 |
|
|
|
438 |
|
|
|
+114.8 |
|
Other/ Consolidation
|
|
|
(239 |
) |
|
|
(197 |
) |
|
|
-21.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
8,490 |
|
|
|
7,923 |
|
|
|
+7.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales in the Non-regulated Business, which is primarily
comprised of the energy wholesale (generation and trading) and
retail businesses in the U.K., increased by
106 million
from
7,682 million
in 2003 to
7,788 million
in 2004. This 1.4 percent increase was primarily
attributable to higher retail prices
(538 million)
and positive exchange rate effects
(164 million),
the effects of which were largely offset by a reduction in
retail sales volumes and mix
(553 million)
primarily arising in the industrial and commercial business.
Sales in the Regulated Business, which is primarily comprised of
the U.K. distribution operations, more than doubled, increasing
to
941 million
in 2004 from
438 million
in 2003. The sales increase of
503 million
was almost entirely attributable to the first-time inclusion of
the results of Midlands Electricity.
Sales attributed to the Other/ Consolidation business unit
consist almost entirely of the elimination of intrasegment sales
and had a negative impact on sales of
239 million
in 2004 as compared to a negative impact of
197 million
in 2003.
The volume of electricity sold by the U.K. market unit decreased
by 9.5 billion kWh or 10.4 percent to
82.1 billion kWh, as compared with
91.6 billion kWh in 2003. Mass market sales decreased
by 1.3 billion kWh or 3.4 percent to
36.2 billion kWh, while those to industrial and
commercial customers decreased by 8.0 billion kWh or
23.2 percent to 26.5 billion kWh, reflecting the
market units focus in this segment on securing margins
rather than volume. The decrease in sales was reflected in each
of the sources of power. Own production
143
decreased by 1.0 billion kWh or 2.7 percent from
35.9 billion kWh in 2003 to 34.9 billion kWh
in 2004. Power purchased from other suppliers decreased by
6.5 billion kWh or 12.2 percent to
47.1 billion kWh from 53.6 billion kWh. In
addition, the volume of power purchased from power stations in
which E.ON UK has an interest of 50 percent or less
decreased by 2.2 billion kWh or 52.3 percent as a
result of the acquisition of remaining shares in the CDC power
station. Gas sales increased by 5.2 billion kWh or
3.1 percent from 170.7 billion kWh in 2003 to
175.9 billion kWh in 2004, with the increase
reflecting higher market sales (3.6 billion kWh) and
higher sales to industrial and commercial customers
(0.3 billion kWh), as well as an increase in gas used
for the market units own generation
(1.9 billion kWh). E.ON UK satisfied its increased
need for gas mainly through an increase of
10.8 billion kWh or 9.4 percent in market
purchases, while the volume of gas being sourced under long-term
gas supply contracts decreased by 5.6 billion kWh or
10.2 percent from 55.1 billion kWh in 2003 to
49.5 billion kWh in 2004.
Adjusted EBIT at the U.K. market unit increased by
407 million
or 66.7 percent from
610 million
in 2003 to
1,017 million
in 2004, reflecting higher results of the Non-regulated Business
and the Regulated Business, partially offset by a decrease at
Other/ Consolidation, as described in more detail below.
The following table sets forth the adjusted EBIT of each
business unit in the U.K. market unit in each of the last two
years:
ADJUSTED EBIT OF U.K. MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Non-regulated Business
|
|
|
626 |
|
|
|
412 |
|
|
|
+51.9 |
|
Regulated Business
|
|
|
446 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
+98.2 |
|
Other/ Consolidation
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
-103.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,017 |
|
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
+66.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Non-regulated Business contributed adjusted EBIT of
626 million
in 2004. This
214 million
or 51.9 percent increase from
412 million
in 2003 mainly resulted from the realization of additional cost
savings from the integration of the former TXU retail business
(91 million)
and higher retail margins
(54 million),
as the impact of higher retail prices was only partially offset
by increased fuel costs. The overall increase also reflected
lower retail gas transportation and metering costs
(47 million)
and higher recycled benefits, i.e. receipts from the ROC
buy-out fund
(22 million).
In the Regulated Business, E.ON UK almost doubled its adjusted
EBIT, which increased from
225 million
in 2003 to
446 million
in 2004. This increase was almost entirely attributable to the
first-time inclusion of Midlands Electricity.
The contribution of the Other/ Consolidation business unit to
adjusted EBIT, which is structurally negative due to the
combination of intercompany eliminations and costs of the E.ON
UK corporate center, was negative
55 million
in 2004, as compared with negative
27 million
in 2003. The change was primarily attributable to the relative
absence of positive offsetting factors in 2004 and reflected a
lower contribution from property sales
(19 million)
and the Asian Asset Management activities
(10 million)
following the divestment of that business.
Total sales of the Nordic market unit increased from
2,824 million
in 2003 (including
324 million
of electricity and natural gas taxes and
48 million
in intersegment sales) to
3,347 million
(including
395 million
of electricity and natural gas taxes and
66 million
in intersegment sales) in 2004. This 18.5 percent increase
was primarily attributable to the first-time inclusion of a full
year of results from Graninge, which was consolidated in
November 2003.
144
The following table sets forth the sales of each business unit
in the Nordic market unit in each of the last two years, in each
case excluding electricity and natural gas taxes:
SALES OF NORDIC MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Sweden
|
|
|
2,714 |
|
|
|
2,216 |
|
|
|
+22.5 |
|
Finland
|
|
|
238 |
|
|
|
284 |
|
|
|
-16.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,952 |
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
+18.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales in Sweden increased by
498 million
or 22.5 percent from
2,216 million
to
2,714 million,
primarily due to the first-time full-year inclusion of Graninge
(264 million)
and increased sales volumes made possible by generation
reflecting historically high availability of nuclear power
production and an improved hydrological situation
(110 million).
Sales in Finland decreased from
284 million
to
238 million.
This 16.2 percent decrease was mainly attributable to a
reduction in the sales volumes of E.ON Finlands trading
operations.
Total power supplied by E.ON Nordic (excluding physically
settled trading activities) rose 22.0 percent to
49.5 billion kWh in 2004, compared with
40.5 billion kWh in 2003. The increase of
9.0 billion kWh reflected an increase in the volume of
power sold to all customer segments. Sales to residential
customers increased 38.1 percent from
6.6 billion kWh in 2003 to 9.1 billion kWh
in 2004, primarily reflecting the inclusion of Graninge. Sales
to commercial customers increased by 7.1 percent to
14.5 billion kWh in 2004 compared with
13.5 billion kWh in 2003, mainly due to the inclusion
of Graninge. Sales to sales partners and Nordpool increased by
26.6 percent from 20.4 billion kWh in 2003 to
25.9 billion kWh in 2004, primarily resulting from
increased generation in own and jointly owned power plants. E.ON
Nordics own production rose by 29.4 percent from
25.6 billion kWh in 2003 to 33.1 billion kWh
in 2004, mainly resulting from the increased hydro and nuclear
power generation (4.3 billion kWh) and the first-time
full-year inclusion of Graninge (3.2 billion kWh).
E.ON Nordic purchased more power, primarily from jointly owned
power stations (1.0 billion kWh) due to a higher
availability in these plants. The total volume of gas sold to
third parties increased slightly in 2004 to
7.1 billion kWh from 7.0 billion kWh in
2003, as the positive effect of the inclusion of Graninge
(0.5 billion kWh) was largely offset by lower gas
sales from existing operations (0.4 billion kWh),
primarily reflecting lower consumption of selected industrial
and commercial customers and slightly higher average
temperatures in 2004.
Adjusted EBIT at the Nordic market unit increased by
155 million
or 28.4 percent from
546 million
to
701 million,
reflecting higher results in Sweden that were partially offset
by a decrease in Finland, as described in more detail below.
The following table sets forth the adjusted EBIT of each
business unit in the Nordic market unit in each of the last two
years:
ADJUSTED EBIT OF NORDIC MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Sweden
|
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
+36.8 |
|
Finland
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
+37.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
+28.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBIT in Sweden increased by
178 million
from
484 million
in 2003 to
662 million
in 2004. This 36.8 percent increase reflected the impact of
increased sales volumes reflecting greater availability of
nuclear and hydroelectric generation assets
(89 million),
as well as improved margins in Sydkrafts retail electricity
145
(17 million)
and heat
(15 million)
businesses. In addition, the consolidation of Graninge for the
full year was responsible for
63 million
of the increase in adjusted EBIT.
In Finland, adjusted EBIT decreased by
23 million
from
62 million
in 2003 to
39 million
in 2004. This 37.1 percent decrease mainly resulted from
the combination of the reduction in trading volumes noted above
and the fact that trading profits in the first half of 2003 had
been exceptionally high.
Total sales of the U.S. Midwest market unit amounted to
1,913 million
in 2004, a decrease of 2.9 percent from
1,971 million
in 2003. The decrease was attributable to the decline in the
value of the U.S. dollar against the euro, which negatively
affected the translation of the U.S. Midwest market units
dollar-denominated revenues into euro, E.ONs reporting
currency. In local currency, sales increased by 6.8 percent
over the prior year.
The following table sets forth the sales of each business unit
in the U.S. Midwest market unit in each of the last two years:
SALES OF U.S. MIDWEST MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Regulated Business
|
|
|
1,643 |
|
|
|
1,663 |
|
|
|
-1.2 |
|
Non-regulated Business
|
|
|
270 |
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
-12.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
-2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of the Regulated Business, which is comprised of the
utility operations of LG&E and KU, decreased by
20 million
or 1.2 percent to
1,643 million
in 2004, from
1,663 million
in 2003. The decrease was attributable to the impact of
unfavorable exchange rates, as sales increased by
$164 million in dollar terms, from $1,880 million in
2003 to $2,044 million in 2004. This 8.7 percent
increase in dollar-denominated sales was mainly attributable to
higher retail prices following the rate increases that took
effect in mid-2004 ($46 million), an increase in sales
volumes resulting from warm spring weather ($36 million),
the higher recovery of gas supply costs from customers
($34 million), higher revenues from off-system electric
sales reflecting higher wholesale electric prices driven by
higher gas prices ($21 million), higher environmental cost
recoveries ($19 million), and the impact of an adjustment
to the 2003 earnings sharing mechanism, which was approved by
the KPSC during 2004
(12 million).
These effects were partially offset by the impact of a decline
of approximately 1 billion kWh in gas sales, due largely to
mild winter weather conditions in 2004 ($6 million).
Sales of the Non-regulated Business, which primarily consists of
LCC and its subsidiaries, including WKE, declined by
38 million
or 12.3 percent from
308 million
in 2003 to
270 million
in 2004, with the decline being primarily due to the exchange
rate effect. In dollar terms, sales decreased by
$13 million, from $348 million in 2003 to
$336 million in 2004. This 3.6 percent decrease was
primarily attributable to the completion of the Tiger Creek
construction project, which had contributed $40 million in
sales in 2003, the effect of which was partially offset by an
increase in sales at WKE of $18 million resulting from an
increase in off-peak sales to Big Rivers Electric, as well as a
$9 million increase in sales from the Argentine business,
reflecting an increase in customer demand and more favorable
exchange rates.
Adjusted EBIT at the U.S. Midwest market unit increased by
10.1 percent from
317 million
in 2003 to
349 million
in 2004. In dollar terms, adjusted EBIT grew by
21.1 percent to $434 million from $358 million in
2003.
146
The following table sets forth the adjusted EBIT of each
business unit in the U.S. Midwest market unit in each of the
last two years:
ADJUSTED EBIT OF U.S. MIDWEST MARKET UNIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
Regulated Business
|
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
+10.8 |
|
Non-regulated Business
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
-9.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
+10.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBIT at the Regulated Business increased by
33 million
or 10.8 percent from
306 million
in 2003 to
339 million
in 2004. In dollar terms, adjusted EBIT increased by
21.7 percent. The increase was primarily attributable to
the increase in sales in dollar terms resulting from increased
retail electric and gas rates that went into effect July 1,
2004 and increased retail electric sales volumes due to
unseasonably warm spring weather
(65 million).
In addition, the contribution from off-system sales was higher
(14 million),
as prices in the off-system wholesale electric market for 2004
were higher than 2003 due to high gas prices and strong demand
during 2004. The impact of the increase in dollar-denominated
sales more than offset the impact of the negative exchange rate
effects
(34 million)
and that of additional storm-related costs from the severe
spring and summer storms that caused significant damage to the
utility operations distribution network
(12 million).
Adjusted EBIT at LG&E Energys Non-regulated Business
was generally consistent with 2003, falling by
1 million
or 9.1 percent, from
11 million
in 2003 to
10 million
in 2004. In dollar terms, adjusted EBIT increased by
4.6 percent.
The Corporate Center reduced Group sales by
813 million
in 2004, compared with reducing sales by
596 million
in 2003. The reduction in adjusted EBIT attributable to the
segment was
314 million
in 2004, compared with
319 million
in 2003. The contribution of the Corporate Center to both sales
and adjusted EBIT is structurally negative, due to the
elimination of intersegment results and administrative costs
that are not matched by revenues.
Following the deconsolidation of Degussa in February 2003, the
sales of E.ONs Other Activities segment consist entirely
of those of its Viterra real estate business. Degussa continues
to contribute to the adjusted EBIT of this segment in proportion
to E.ONs remaining minority interest.
Sales of Viterra decreased 8.9 percent in 2004 to
988 million,
including intersegment sales of
10 million,
from
1,085 million
in 2003, including intersegment sales of
10 million,
with the decline of
97 million
primarily reflecting the phasing out of Viterra
Baupartners business of developing one- and two-family
houses
(64 million),
a decline in rental revenues as more housing units have been
sold
(32 million)
and lower sales of apartment buildings at the real estate
development business
(29 million).
Viterra contributed adjusted EBIT of
471 million
in 2004, compared with
456 million
in 2003. This increase of
15 million
or 3.3 percent was primarily attributable to the
optimization of the management of its property portfolio
(52 million)
and of its sales activities
(18 million).
These effects more than offset a reduction in earnings from
logistics facilities
(43 million).
In late 2003, Viterra sold a logistics park near Prague.
Effective February 1, 2003, Degussa has been accounted for
using the equity method in line with E.ONs minority
shareholding in the company. Under the equity method,
Degussas sales are not included in E.ONs
consolidated sales. From February 1, 2003, a percentage of
Degussas earnings after taxes and minority interests equal
to E.ONs proportionate interest is recorded in E.ONs
financial earnings. After selling a further 3.6 percent
interest, E.ON has owned 42.9 percent of Degussa since
June 1, 2004 and 42.9 percent of Degussas
earnings after taxes and minority interests are recorded in
E.ONs financial earnings. Degussa contributed
107 million
to
147
adjusted EBIT in 2004, compared with
176 million
in 2003. In 2003, Degussa had contributed sales of
994 million
for the one month of January.
YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2003 COMPARED WITH YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2002
As noted above, the comparison of E.ONs segment results
for 2003 and 2002 presented below has been prepared on the basis
of the segments and segment performance measure (internal
operating profit, rather than adjusted EBIT) used by the
Groups management at such time, as previously reported in
E.ONs Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2003 and Note 31 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included therein. See
Business Segment Information above.
The following table sets forth sales and internal operating
profit for each of the business segments of E.ON for 2003 and
2002 (in each case excluding the results of discontinued
operations):
E.ON BUSINESS SEGMENT SALES AND INTERNAL OPERATING PROFIT
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Internal | |
|
|
|
Internal | |
|
|
|
|
Operating | |
|
|
|
Operating | |
|
|
|
|
Profit | |
|
|
|
Profit | |
|
|
Sales | |
|
(Loss) | |
|
Sales | |
|
(Loss) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
E.ON Energie(1)(2)
|
|
|
22,642 |
|
|
|
3,058 |
|
|
|
19,142 |
|
|
|
2,782 |
|
Ruhrgas(3)
|
|
|
12,085 |
|
|
|
1,128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Powergen(2)(4)
|
|
|
9,894 |
|
|
|
620 |
|
|
|
4,422 |
|
|
|
329 |
|
Other/consolidation(2)(5)
|
|
|
(273 |
) |
|
|
(693 |
) |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
44,348 |
|
|
|
4,113 |
|
|
|
23,645 |
|
|
|
2,959 |
|
Viterra(2)
|
|
|
1,085 |
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
1,214 |
|
|
|
203 |
|
Degussa(2)(6)
|
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
157 |
|
|
|
11,765 |
|
|
|
655 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Activities
|
|
|
2,079 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
12,979 |
|
|
|
858 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total(7)
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
4,565 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
|
|
3,817 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Sales include electricity taxes of
1,371 million
in 2003 and
933 million
in 2002. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the sales and internal operating profit of certain
activities now accounted for as discontinued operations. For
more details, see Acquisitions and
Dispositions Discontinued Operations and
Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the results of the former Ruhrgas activities from the
date of consolidation on February 1, 2003. Sales for the
period include natural gas taxes of
2,525 million. |
|
(4) |
Includes the results of the Powergen Group from the date of
consolidation on July 1, 2002. |
|
(5) |
Includes primarily the parent company and effects from
consolidation, as well as the results of the former
telecommunications division, as explained in Item 4.
Information on the Company Business
Overview Introduction. |
|
(6) |
In 2003, includes results of Degussa for the month of January
only, prior to its deconsolidation. For more details, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Other Activities
Degussa Overview and Note 4 of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(7) |
Excludes intercompany sales. |
148
E.ONs sales in 2003 increased 19.2 percent to
42,541 million
from
35,691 million
in 2002 (in each case net of electricity and natural gas taxes).
As illustrated in the table on the preceding page, the overall
increase in the Groups sales reflected the inclusion in
2003 of eleven months of results from Ruhrgas and a full year of
results from the Powergen Group, the effects of which were
partially offset by the deconsolidation of Degussa as of
February 1, 2003.
Sales of the E.ON Energie division increased 18.3 percent
in 2003 to
22,642 million
(including
1,371 million
of electricity taxes) from
19,142 million
(including
933 million
of electricity taxes) in 2002. Ruhrgas sales for the
eleven-month period following its consolidation on
February 1, 2003 amounted to
12,085 million
(including
2,525 million
of natural gas taxes). Sales of the Powergen division more than
doubled, amounting to
9,894 million
in 2003 as compared to
4,422 million
in 2002 for the six-month period following its consolidation on
July 1, 2002. Sales of the Viterra division decreased
10.6 percent to
1,085 million
in 2003 from
1,214 million
in 2002. Degussa recorded sales of
994 million
in the one month it was consolidated in 2003 as compared to
11,765 million
for the full year 2002. The sales of each of these segments are
discussed in more detail below.
Total cost of goods sold and services provided in 2003 increased
23.5 percent to
32,780 million
compared with
26,534 million
in 2002, with the increase of
6,246 million
primarily reflecting the effects of the first-time consolidation
of Ruhrgas
(8,239 million)
and the inclusion of the Powergen Group for the full year
(4,425 million).
In addition, the cost of goods sold and services provided at the
E.ON Energie division increased by
1,636 million,
primarily reflecting changes to the scope of consolidation. The
impact of these items on the overall figure was partially offset
by the effect of including only one month of costs for Degussa
as a result of its deconsolidation as of January 31, 2003
(7,568 million).
Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenues (net of
electricity and natural gas taxes) increased to
77.1 percent in 2003 from 74.3 percent in 2002,
reflecting the deconsolidation of Degussa and the consolidation
of Ruhrgas. Gross profit therefore increased at a lower rate
than sales, rising by 6.6 percent to
9,761 million
in 2003 from
9,157 million
in 2002.
Selling expenses decreased 5.8 percent or
283 million
to
4,556 million
in 2003, compared with
4,839 million
in 2002. The deconsolidation of Degussa reduced overall selling
expenses by
1,531 million,
with the impact being partially offset by the first-time full
year inclusion of the Powergen Group
(597 million),
higher expenses at E.ON Energie
(485 million)
that were mainly attributable to the changes to the scope of
consolidation, and selling expenses incurred by Ruhrgas
(166 million).
General and administrative expenses decreased by
250 million
year on year, amounting to
1,399 million
in 2003 compared with
1,649 million
in 2002. The 15.2 percent decrease again reflected the
Degussa deconsolidation effect
(586 million),
as well as a decline of
104 million
at E.ON Energie that was primarily due to reduced expenses at
E.ON Energies corporate center. As with other expense
items, these effects were partly offset by the Powergen Group
(127 million)
and Ruhrgas
(268 million)
consolidation effects. Expenses attributed to the
Other/consolidation segment increased by
46 million,
reflecting the enhanced role of E.ONs corporate center.
Other operating income (expenses), net increased sharply to
2,091 million
in 2003 from
236 million
in 2002. This
1,855 million
increase reflected higher book gains on the disposal of
businesses and fixed assets, which increased by
738 million
to a total of
1,783 million
in 2003. The 2003 figure included gains from the sale of
E.ONs 15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
the sale of fixed assets (primarily additional housing units) at
Viterra
(433 million)
and the sale of 18.1 percent of Degussas shares to
RAG
(168 million),
as well as from E.ON Energies sale of a number of
shareholdings (aggregating
150 million).
The lower total for 2002 had been primarily attributable to E.ON
Energie, following the break up of Rhenag and the sale of E.ON
Energies shares in Sydkraft and Watt, as well as to
Viterras sales of housing units. The increase in the
overall figure also reflected a decline of
311 million
in R&D expenses in 2003 that was mainly the result of the
deconsolidation of Degussa. Gains on derivative instruments, net
improved from an expense of
172 million
in 2002 to income of
384 million
in 2003, reflecting the results of the required marking to
market. Miscellaneous other operating income (expenses), net
increased by
472 million,
amounting to income of
166 million
in 2003 compared with expenses of
306 million
in 2002. This improved result was primarily
149
attributable to lower external consulting costs (approximately
150 million)
and increased net gains from the sale of short-term securities
(approximately
70 million).
Financial earnings increased by
914 million,
resulting in a loss of
359 million
in 2003 compared with a loss of
1,273 million
in 2002. The improvement in this item was primarily attributable
to the fact that the 2002 figure included approximately
2.4 billion
in write-downs of financial assets and long-term loans,
primarily those on E.ON Energies investment in
HypoVereinsbank
(1,854 million)
and other securities (approximately
500 million),
whereas the equivalent figure for 2003 was only
34 million.
The positive impact of the very sharp decline in write-downs was
partially offset by lower income from share investments,
reflecting a decline in income from companies accounted for at
equity compared with the high level recorded in the prior year.
In 2002, income from equity investees, net totaled
1,324 million,
including gains of
558 million
resulting from the sale of Schmalbach-Lubeca by AV Packaging and
173 million
stemming from the sale of an investment in STEAG by E.ONs
equity investee Gesellschaft für Energiebeteiligung mbH. In
2003, the total of
664 million
in income from equity investees, net was not significantly
influenced by gains on disposals and was primarily comprised of
income from equity investees held by E.ON Energie and Ruhrgas
and losses from the equity accounting of Degussa. In addition,
interest and similar expenses, net increased by
735 million,
primarily due to financing costs for E.ONs acquisitions of
the Powergen Group and Ruhrgas (approximately
540 million),
as well as from the effects of the accretion of provisions
pursuant to SFAS 143
(486 million).
As a result of the factors described above, income
(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests increased significantly to income of
5,538 million
in 2003, as compared with a loss of
759 million
in 2002, when the overall result also reflected the negative
impact of the
2.4 billion
impairment charge on goodwill from the Powergen Group
transaction. For further details, see Notes 4 and 11a) of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In 2003, E.ON recorded income tax expenses of
1,124 million,
as compared to a tax benefit of
662 million
in 2002. The 2002 result was primarily due to the release of
613 million
in deferred taxes, particularly those resulting from valuation
adjustments on securities held by E.ON and from losses on
securities sold by E.ON. The 2003 result reflected an adjustment
of valuation allowances for deferred taxes on loss carryforwards
that amounted to an expense of
543 million,
of which
488 million
resulted from the delay in the utilization of loss carryforwards
that were accrued in Germany. Changes in tax rates and tax laws
that took effect in 2003 also resulted in increased tax expenses
of approximately
60 million.
Income attributable to minority interests, and therefore
deducted in the calculation of net income, was
464 million
in 2003, as compared to
623 million
in 2002, with the difference reflecting the fact that the 2002
figure had included income attributable to the other
shareholders of Degussa.
Results from discontinued operations contributed
1,137 million
to net income in 2003, as compared to
3,306 million
in 2002. The significant decrease reflects the fact that the
Company is nearing completion of its divestitures planned in
connection with its focus on the core energy business. Excluding
the results of discontinued operations, E.ON would have recorded
net income of
3,510 million
in 2003, as compared to a net loss of
529 million
in 2002, when the overall result was negatively affected by the
impairment charges discussed above. The Groups net income
increased 67.3 percent, totaling
4,647 million
in 2003, compared with
2,777 million
in 2002.
Reconciliation of Internal Operating Profit. As noted
above, E.ON used internal operating profit as its segment
reporting measure in accordance with SFAS 131 in both 2002
and 2003. On a consolidated Group basis, internal operating
profit is considered a non-GAAP measure that must be reconciled
to the most directly comparable GAAP measure. A reconciliation
of Group internal operating profit to net income for each of
2002 and 2003 appears in the table below. The following
paragraphs discuss changes in the principal components of
150
each of the reconciling items to income (loss) from
continuing operations before income taxes and minority
interests. For additional details, see Note 31 of the Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Group internal operating profit
|
|
|
4,565 |
|
|
|
3,817 |
|
Net book gains
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
1,071 |
|
Cost-management and restructuring expenses
|
|
|
(479 |
) |
|
|
(331 |
) |
Other non-operating results
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
(5,316 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
and minority interests
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
(759 |
) |
Income taxes
|
|
|
(1,124 |
) |
|
|
662 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(464 |
) |
|
|
(623 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
3,950 |
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
Income/(loss) from discontinued operations
|
|
|
1,137 |
|
|
|
3,306 |
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On a consolidated Group basis, internal operating profit
increased by 19.6 percent to
4,565 million
in 2003, as compared with
3,817 million
in 2002.
Net book gains in 2003 increased by 17.4 percent from
1,071 million
in 2002 to
1,257 million.
In 2003, net book gains mainly resulted from the sale of
E.ONs 15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
E.ONs sale of 18.1 percent of Degussa to RAG
(168 million)
and the sale of shareholdings at E.ON Energie (approximately
165 million).
Additional book gains in the amount of approximately
160 million
were primarily attributable to E.ON Energies sale of its
interest in swb
(85 million)
and Powergens disposal of certain power plants
(24 million).
The overall impact of these gains was offset in part by a loss
of
76 million
recorded on the sale by E.ON Energie of a 1.9 percent
interest in HypoVereinsbank in March 2003. These book gains are
calculated on a more inclusive basis than those discussed above
in the analysis of other operating income (expenses), net. These
gains generally include all gains and losses from the disposal
of financial assets and results of deconsolidation, both net of
expenses directly linked with the relevant disposal. They also
include book gains and losses realized by equity investees,
which are included in the income statement as a component of
financial earnings.
Cost-management and restructuring expenses increased by
44.7 percent to
479 million
in 2003 compared with
331 million
in 2002. In 2003, the principal expenses contributing to this
item were primarily costs attributable to E.ON Energie
(358 million),
including those resulting from the merger of a number of its
regional distribution companies into E.ON Hanse and E.ON
Westfalen Weser AG. Additional restructuring costs of
121 million
were attributable to Powergens integration of the former
TXU Group retail activities in the United Kingdom. In 2002, the
principal expenses contributing to this item were costs
attributable to Degussa in connection with the best@chem
performance improvement program
(189 million)
and costs related to power station closures at Powergen
(58 million),
as well as expenses related to the phasing out of Viterras
business of developing one- and two-family houses
(63 million).
The income reported as other non-operating results amounted to
195 million
in 2003, compared with a loss of
5,316 million
in 2002. The substantial loss in 2002 was mainly attributable to
the Powergen impairment charge
(2.4 billion)
and the write-downs in the value of the HypoVereinsbank shares
(1,854 million)
and other securities (approximately
520 million)
discussed above. In 2003, positive other non-operating results
in the amount of
494 million
were attributable to unrealized gains from the required marking
to market of energy derivatives at Powergen and E.ON Energie
under SFAS 133. These positive effects on this item were
partially offset by the impact of an impairment charge that
Degussa took as of September 30, 2003. Degussa recorded an
impairment charge of
500 million
(before taxes) in its Fine Chemicals business unit due to
significant changes in market conditions. As a result of this
impairment charge, E.ON recorded a loss of
187 million
attributable to its
151
direct shareholding in Degussa (then 46.5 percent). For
more information, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Total sales of the E.ON Energie division increased by
18.3 percent to
22,642 million
(including
1,371 million
of electricity taxes and
8 million
in intercompany sales) in 2003, compared with
19,142 million
(including
933 million
of electricity taxes and
30 million
in intercompany sales) in 2002. The overall increase of
3,500 million
reflected higher sales at each of the divisions business
units other than its Other/consolidation business unit, as
described in more detail below. The following table sets forth
the sales of the E.ON Energie division for the last two years
for each business unit:
SALES OF E.ON ENERGIE DIVISION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Percent | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
In Germany(1)
|
|
|
16,057 |
|
|
|
14,020 |
|
|
|
+14.5 |
|
|
Electricity(1)
|
|
|
12,905 |
|
|
|
11,408 |
|
|
|
+13.1 |
|
|
Gas
|
|
|
3,152 |
|
|
|
2,612 |
|
|
|
+20.7 |
|
Outside Germany(1)
|
|
|
4,688 |
|
|
|
3,586 |
|
|
|
+30.7 |
|
Other/consolidation(1)(2)
|
|
|
526 |
|
|
|
603 |
|
|
|
-12.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total(1)
|
|
|
21,271 |
|
|
|
18,209 |
|
|
|
+16.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excludes electricity taxes. |
|
(2) |
For 2003, includes sales of Thüga, as to which E.ON Energie
transferred the majority of its interest to Ruhrgas as of
December 31, 2003. To facilitate the comparison, the sales
data for 2002 have been conformed to reflect this new
presentation, as well as to reflect the changes made to the
organizational structure of E.ON Energies business units
effective January 1, 2003. |
Sales of the German electricity business unit increased by
1,497 million
or 13.1 percent from
11,408 million
to
12,905 million,
primarily due to an increase of approximately
1,000 million
in revenues mainly from distribution activities that reflected
the increase in wholesale market prices, as well as increased
fees from third parties for the transport of energy. The overall
increase also reflected the full year inclusion of the regional
utilities EAM, EWW and EMR, which were consolidated for the
first time in June, July and August 2002, respectively
(308 million),
as well as the positive impact of the recovery of electricity
prices
(200 million).
Sales of the German gas business unit increased by
20.7 percent from
2,612 million
to
3,152 million,
with the increase of
540 million
reflecting the impact of an increase in natural gas taxes
(193 million),
the first-time full year inclusion of EAMs gas operations
(145 million)
and higher demand due to colder than average temperatures in the
first quarter of 2003
(100 million).
E.ON Energies sales outside Germany increased by
30.7 percent or
1,102 million,
from
3,586 million
in 2002 to
4,688 million
in 2003, primarily as a result of the inclusion of a full year
of results from ÉDÁSZ
(430 million)
and E.ON Finland
(90 million),
as well as the sales contributions of JME and JCE
(197 million)
and Graninge
(78 million),
following their first-time consolidation as of October 1,
2003 and November 1, 2003, respectively. E.ON Benelux also
increased its sales by 30 percent
(193 million),
reflecting higher demand.
Total power supplied by the E.ON Energie division (excluding
physically-settled trading activities) rose 7.5 percent to
269.4 billion kWh in 2003, compared with 250.6 billion
kWh in 2002. The increase of 18.8 billion kWh mainly
reflects the inclusion, throughout the entire period under
review, of power sales made by regional utilities in Germany and
outside Germany (11.1 billion kWh), as well as higher
demand (7.0 billion kWh). E.ON Energies own
production of power rose to 162.7 billion kWh in 2003,
compared with 155.7 billion kWh in 2002, largely as a
result of inclusion of a full years production from the
Grohnde plant. E.ON Energie produced 58 percent of its
power requirements in 2003, compared with 59 percent in
2002. Compared with 2003, electricity
152
purchased from jointly operated power stations increased from
14.7 billion kWh to 18.0 billion kWh, primarily due to
a change in classification of jointly operated power stations at
Sydkraft. Purchases of electricity from third parties, excluding
physically-settled trading activities, increased
9.0 percent, from 91.5 billion kWh in 2002 to
99.7 billion kWh in 2003, mainly due to the first-time full
year inclusion of ÉDÁSZ (7.1 billion kWh), as
this company has few generating assets, as well as from
increased power purchases at E.ON Benelux (3.2 billion kWh).
In 2003, the E.ON Energie division contributed internal
operating profit of
3,058 million,
a 9.9 percent increase from
2,782 million
in 2002. The overall increase reflected improved internal
operating profit results at each of the divisions business
units other than its German electricity business, as described
in more detail below.
The internal operating profit of E.ON Energies German
electricity business unit decreased by
158 million
from
2,304 million
in 2002 to
2,146 million
in 2003. The positive effects of the recovery of electricity
prices
(200 million),
improved trading results at EST
(132 million)
and the inclusion of newly consolidated companies
(94 million)
were more than offset by higher expenses related to the adoption
of SFAS 143 (approximately
200 million)
and payments in connection with the settlement of accounts in
control and balance areas based on unbundling requirements
(approximately
120 million),
as well as lower intercompany interest income
(135 million)
and a decline in income attributable to certain share
investments (approximately
50 million).
The internal operating profit of the German gas business grew by
11.8 percent to
265 million
in 2003, compared with
237 million
in 2002, with the increase of
28 million
primarily reflecting the weather-driven increase in sales
(30 million)
and the contribution from the newly consolidated companies
(32 million).
The overall increase was dampened by a difference between
required customer pre-payments and actual billings of
approximately
30 million
in 2003 compared with 2002.
E.ON Energies non-German businesses contributed an
internal operating profit of
766 million
in 2003, a 16.2 percent or
107 million
increase from
659 million
in 2002, that was mainly attributable to the first-time
consolidation of the earnings of ÉDÁSZ and E.ON
Finland (formerly Espoon Sähkö) for the entire period
under review
(43 million),
as well as the first-time consolidation of the Swedish utility
Graninge and the Czech utilities JME and JCE in the fourth
quarter of 2003
(35 million).
Improved trading results at E.ON Finland added
24 million
(net of consolidation effects) to the 2003 result.
E.ON Energie recorded a
299 million
increase in internal operating profit in its Other/consolidation
business unit, from an internal operating loss of
418 million
in 2002 to an internal operating loss of
119 million
in 2003. The improvement primarily reflected lower intracompany
interest expenses
(135 million)
and higher earnings from asset disposals
(50 million).
The higher total also reflected an increase of
60 million
in internal operating profit at Thüga (now part of E.ON
Ruhrgas) that was due to improved results at the companies in
which it holds interests.
Following the acquisition of Ruhrgas by E.ON, the Ruhrgas
division was established. Ruhrgas results were included in
the Consolidated Financial Statements from February 1,
2003. Ruhrgas results comprise the results of its gas
business unit, including ERI, and those of its industrial
business unit, consisting of Ruhrgas Industries. The following
table sets forth the sales of the Ruhrgas division for the
eleven-month period from February 1 to December 31,
2003 for each major business unit:
SALES OF RUHRGAS DIVISION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 1 to | |
|
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Gas business(1)
|
|
|
8,504 |
|
Industrial business
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total(1)
|
|
|
9,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Excludes natural gas taxes. |
153
Ruhrgas total sales for the eleven-month period from
February 1, 2003 to December 31, 2003 amounted to
12,085 million
(including
2,525 million
of natural gas taxes and
386 million
in intercompany sales), of which approximately 91 percent
were from the gas business, including revenues of
607 million
attributable to ERIs consolidated subsidiaries, and
approximately 9 percent were from the industrial business.
Sales of the gas business totaled
11,029 million
(including
2,525 million
of natural gas taxes and
386 million
of intercompany sales) during the eleven-month period. The sales
of Ruhrgas gas business increased significantly compared
with 2002 (when it was not owned by E.ON). Gas sales volumes
increased, largely because of the below-average temperatures in
Germany in the first quarter of 2003, while overall revenues
also benefited from an increase of
0.20 per kWh in
the German natural gas tax as of January 1, 2003.
Total gas sold amounted to 534.5 billion kWh. Sales to
German distributors amounted to 282.0 billion kWh. Sales to
German municipal utilities totaled 136.3 billion kWh.
Ruhrgas sold 59.3 billion kWh of gas to German industrial
customers. Exports reached 56.9 billion kWh in 2003.
Ruhrgas purchased approximately 82 percent of its gas
supplies from outside Germany and approximately 18 percent
from German producers.
Sales of the industrial business totaled
1,056 million,
of which approximately 80 percent or
841 million
were from the metering business, and approximately
20 percent or
215 million
were from the industrial furnaces business. The metering
business increased its sales in 2003, primarily as a result of
the first-time inclusion of the electricity and water metering
businesses acquired from ABB during 2003.
Ruhrgas contributed internal operating profit of
1,128 million
for the eleven-month period from February 1, 2003 to
December 31, 2003. Internal operating profit from the gas
business totaled
1,082 million,
including
155 million
from ERI, with the remaining
46 million
coming from the industrial business. The internal operating
profit result was mainly attributable to the sales increase
noted above.
The Powergen Group was consolidated for all of 2003, whereas in
2002 it was only consolidated for the six months following its
acquisition as of July 1. This first-time full-year
consolidation effect is reflected in a significant increase in
all of the Powergen divisions results for 2003, compared
with 2002. In order to better present trends in the underlying
business, this analysis also discusses certain changes in
Powergens results for the second half of 2002 as compared
to the second half of 2003. These half year results are
unaudited.
Total sales more than doubled, increasing by
5,472 million
or 123.7 percent, from
4,422 million
in 2002 to
9,894 million
in 2003. Sales for the first six months of 2003 totaled
5,169 million,
with those in the second half amounting to
4,725 million,
with the relatively larger contribution of first half sales
reflecting seasonal effects, particularly in the U.K. business,
where sales are highest during the first three months of the
year. The increase of
303 million,
or 6.9 percent, in second half sales from the
4,422 million
recorded in 2002 reflected an increase in electricity and gas
retail sales in the United Kingdom that was largely attributable
to the consolidation of the former TXU Group retail business in
October 2002
(458 million).
The positive effect of these increased sales on the overall
result was partially offset by the significant decline in the
value of the U.S. dollar against the euro, which negatively
affected the translation of the U.S. business
dollar-denominated revenues into euro. In 2003, sales of the
U.K. business represented approximately 80 percent of the
total sales of the Powergen division, as compared to
approximately 72 percent of the total in 2002.
154
The following table sets out the sales of the Powergen division
for 2003 and the six-month period from July 1 to
December 31, 2002 for each major business unit:
SALES OF POWERGEN DIVISION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
July 1 to | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
Percent | |
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
Change | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
U.K. Operations
|
|
|
7,923 |
|
|
|
3,162 |
|
|
|
+150.6 |
|
U.S. Operations
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
+56.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
9,894 |
|
|
|
4,422 |
|
|
|
+123.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales of the U.K. business more than doubled, increasing by
4,761 million
or 150.6 percent to
7,923 million
in 2003, from
3,162 million
for the second six months of 2002. The sales increase primarily
reflected the first-time inclusion of a full year of the U.K.
business. Sales for the first half of 2003 amounted to
4,190 million,
with
3,733 million
recorded in the second half. The
571 million
or 18.1 percent increase in second half sales from
3,162 million
in 2002 was primarily attributable to an increase of
458 million
in total retail sales, reflecting the inclusion of a full six
months results from the former TXU Group retail business
in 2003 compared with only two months in 2002, as well as the
impact of an increase in gas sales at generation and trading
(135 million).
Sales volumes for both electricity and gas reflected the impact
of the inclusion of the former TXU retail activities for the
entire year. The volume of electricity sold by the U.K. business
more than doubled, increasing by 56.2 billion kWh to
91.5 billion kWh, as compared with 35.3 billion kWh in
the six months of 2002 during which Powergen was consolidated.
Mass market sales increased by 25.7 billion kWh, while
those to industrial and commercial customers increased by
22.1 billion kWh. The increase in sales was reflected in a
significant increase of 36.7 billion kWh in the amount of
power Powergen purchased from other suppliers, while its own
production increased by only 18.1 billion kWh. Gas sales
also more than doubled, increasing by 3.6 billion therms
from 2.2 billion therms in the second half of 2002 to
5.8 billion therms in 2003, with the increase reflecting
higher sales to both mass market (1.6 billion therms) and
industrial and commercial customers (0.7 billion therms),
as well as higher market sales (0.7 billion therms). The
U.K. business satisfied its increased need for gas mainly
through higher market purchases (2.4 billion therms), with
the remainder being sourced under long-term gas supply contracts.
Sales of the U.S. business increased by
711 million
or 56.4 percent to
1,971 million,
from
1,260 million
in the second half of 2002. In 2003, approximately
84 percent of sales were attributable to the two regulated
utilities, LG&E and KU (approximately 77 percent in
2002), with the remaining 16 percent arising from the U.S.
business non-regulated operations (approximately
23 percent in 2002). The increase in sales attributable to
the consolidation effect was offset to a significant degree by
the decline in the value of the U.S. dollar against the
euro. Sales for the first half of 2003 amounted to
979 million,
with
992 million
recorded in the second half, reflecting the different seasonal
pattern in the U.S. business as compared to the U.K. business,
as U.S. sales are highest during the summer months. The
268 million
or 21.3 percent decline in second half sales from
1,260 million
in 2002 was largely attributable to the impact of unfavorable
exchange rates
(177 million),
as well as to a decline in revenues at LPI reflecting its
completion of certain construction contracts
(108 million).
Sales at the regulated utilities remained relatively stable in
local currency, as sales volumes increased by approximately
1 percent on a full year basis.
The Powergen division increased internal operating profit by
291 million
or 88.4 percent from
329 million
for the second half of 2002 to
620 million
in 2003, as described in more detail below.
The U.K. business contributed an internal operating profit of
452 million
in 2003, an increase of
297 million
or 191.6 percent compared with the
155 million
recorded in 2002. Internal operating profit for the first six
months of 2003 totaled
265 million,
with that in the second half amounting to
187 million.
The increase in second half internal operating profit of
32 million
or 20.6 percent from
155 million
in 2002 reflected the positive impact of the inclusion of the
former TXU retail activities for the full period including cost
155
savings realized through the integration of the TXU activities
(70 million)
and lower interest costs
(15 million).
These positive factors were partly offset by a lower
contribution from the generation and trading businesses
(67 million).
The internal operating profit of the distribution business also
increased slightly, due to higher allowable income under the
applicable regulatory rules
(6 million).
The U.S. business contributed an internal operating profit of
218 million
in 2003, an increase of
24 million
or 12.4 percent compared with the
194 million
recorded in 2002. Internal operating profit for the first six
months of 2003 totaled
70 million,
with that in the second half amounting to
148 million.
The U.S. utility business recorded total internal operating
profit of
249 million
in 2003, of which
86 million
arose in the first half of the year and
163 million
in the second six months. The decrease of
8 million
or 4.7 percent in second half internal operating profit compared
with the
171 million
recorded in 2002 was primarily attributable to the negative
exchange rate effect, which more than offset an increase of
approximately 10 percent in dollar terms that reflected an
increase in off-system sales driven by higher wholesale market
prices for electricity. The non-regulated businesses recorded an
internal operating loss of
31 million
in 2003, of which
16 million
arose in the first half of the year and
15 million
in the second half of the year. The sharp decline in the results
of the business compared with the second half of 2002 (when it
recorded internal operating profit of
23 million)
was primarily due to increased losses incurred at the Argentine
gas distributors in which LCC owns interests.
Sales of the Viterra division decreased 10.6 percent in
2003 to
1,085 million,
including intercompany sales of
10 million,
from
1,214 million
in 2002, including intercompany sales of
10 million,
with the decline of
129 million
primarily reflecting a decline in rental revenues as more
housing units have been sold
(50 million)
and the phasing out of Viterra Baupartners business of
developing one- and two-family houses
(39 million).
The Viterra division contributed internal operating profit of
295 million
in 2003, compared with
203 million
in 2002. This increase of
92 million
or 45.3 percent was primarily attributable to an increase
in the number of housing units sold in the residential real
estate business unit, which increased by approximately
3,500 units in 2003 to a total of approximately 13,400
units
(65 million),
as well as to the positive earnings developments at Viterra
Baupartner
(26 million).
Following its February 2003 sale of 18.1 percent of
Degussa, E.ON accounted for Degussa in 2003 using the equity
method, in line with its remaining 46.5 percent
shareholding in the company. For this reason, the 2003 sales
figure reported for Degussa comprises only the divisions
January 2003 revenues. For the period from February 1, 2003
through the end of the year, E.ON recorded 46.5 percent of
Degussas net income as a component of financial earnings.
Total sales of the Degussa division were
994 million
for the one month of 2003, as compared with
11,765 million
for the full year 2002.
Degussa contributed internal operating profit of
157 million
to E.ON in 2003, consisting of
56 million
for the month prior to its deconsolidation and
101 million
for the remainder of the year. The decline in E.ONs share
of Degussas internal operating profit from the
655 million
recorded in 2002 was in line with E.ONs reduced interest
in the company and the related deconsolidation, as
Degussas overall internal operating profit remained
relatively stable.
As of September 30, 2003, Degussa took an impairment charge
of
500 million
(before taxes) in its Fine Chemicals business unit due to
significant changes in market conditions. For more information
on the impact on E.ON, see the discussion of other non-operating
results in the reconciliation of internal operating profit for
the E.ON Group above.
156
Whereas in prior years, sales and internal operating profit
attributed to the Other/consolidation segment had included
significant positive contributions from non-core operations, the
results attributed to the segment in 2003 primarily comprise the
elimination of intra-company results and consolidation effects.
Accordingly, Other/ consolidation reduced Group sales by
273 million
in 2003 compared to contributing sales of
81 million
in 2002. Internal operating profit attributable to Other/
consolidation decreased to a loss of
693 million
in 2003 compared with a loss of
152 million
in 2002, primarily resulting from the substantially higher
interest expenses attributable to the acquisitions of the
Powergen Group and Ruhrgas.
INFLATION
The rates of inflation in Germany during 2004, 2003 and 2002
were 1.6 percent, 1.1 percent and 1.4 percent,
respectively (basis 1995 equals 100). The effects of inflation
on E.ONs operations have not been significant in recent
years.
EXCHANGE RATE EXPOSURE AND CURRENCY RISK MANAGEMENT
Certain business activities within the E.ON Group result in
foreign exchange rate exposures. Of the Groups
consolidated revenues in 2004, 2003 and 2002, 35 percent,
34 percent and 36 percent, respectively, were
attributable to customers located outside of member states
participating in the EMU.
To manage the Groups exposure to exchange rate
fluctuations, E.ON continually monitors its exposures to
currency risks and pursues a systematic and Group-wide foreign
exchange risk management policy. At the end of 2004, the
Groups consolidated foreign exchange rate exposure, which
is calculated as its netted transaction risk exposure deriving
from booked and forecasted transactions excluding any foreign
exchange translation exposure from net investments in entities
with a functional currency other than the euro, was
approximately
1.8 billion,
compared with approximately
1.2 billion
at year-end 2003. The increase in the Groups foreign
exchange rate exposure was primarily due to the increased gas
sales volume of the Pan-European Gas market unit to the U.K.
market. The Groups foreign exchange rate exposure is
principally attributable to the market units Central Europe and
U.K. (which have short positions in U.S. dollars), Pan-European
Gas (which has a long position in British pounds) and Nordic
(which has a long position in Norwegian krona). Due to the
acquisition of the Powergen Group and the additional Sydkraft
shares, the E.ON Group also has a net investment in assets
denominated in British pounds, U.S. dollars and Swedish krona,
which is continually monitored and partly hedged with foreign
exchange instruments in accordance with the financial guidelines
of the E.ON Group. As noted above, the depreciation of the U.S.
dollar against the euro during 2004 had a negative impact on
LG&E Energys dollar-denominated results when
translated into euro, the Groups reporting currency.
The principal derivative financial instruments used by E.ON to
cover foreign currency exposures are foreign exchange forward
contracts, cross currency swaps, interest rate cross currency
swaps and currency options. As of December 31, 2004, the
E.ON Group had entered into foreign exchange forward contracts
with a nominal value of
9.6 billion,
cross currency swaps with a nominal value of
18.7 billion,
interest rate cross currency swaps with a nominal value of
0.5 billion
and currency options with a nominal value of
1.2 billion.
The currencies in which the Groups derivative financial
instruments are denominated reflect the currencies in which it
is subject to transaction and translation risks. For further
information, see Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and Note 28
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The principal source of liquidity for E.ON in 2004 was again
cash provided by operating activities. Cash provided by
operating activities amounted to
5,972 million
in 2004,
5,538 million
in 2003 and
3,614 million
in 2002. The 7.8 percent increase in cash provided by
operating activities in 2004 was primarily attributable to the
contribution of newly-acquired entities, including Midlands
Electricity and Graninge, and other consolidation effects, as
well as operational improvements, such as increased production
and positive price adjustments in certain of the retail
businesses.
157
Proceeds from divestments, which are reported in the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as the sum of payments
received on the disposition of equity investments, other
financial assets and intangible and fixed assets, amounted to
3,457 million
in 2004,
7,035 million
in 2003 and
10,931 million
in 2002. In 2004, divestment proceeds were primarily
attributable to the sale of equity interests in EWE and VNG and
the sale of 3.6 percent of Degussa stock. The declining
trend in this item reflects the fact that E.ON is nearing
completion of the planned divestitures relating to its focus on
the core energy business.
E.ONs principal liquidity requirement in recent years has
been for purchases of financial assets (including equity
investments) and other fixed assets. Capital expenditures in
2004, 2003 and 2002 amounted to
5,285 million,
9,196 million
and
24,159 million,
respectively, and are reported in the Consolidated Statements of
Cash Flows as the sum of purchases of equity investments, other
financial assets and intangible and fixed assets. In 2004,
investments in fixed and intangible assets exceeded purchases of
equity investments and other financial assets, while in each of
2003 and 2002, purchases of equity investments and other
financial assets had significantly outweighed those of fixed and
intangible assets. The significant decrease in capital
expenditures in 2004 reflected the relative absence of major
acquisitions as compared to prior years. In 2003, E.ON acquired
the remaining shares of Ruhrgas and increased its interest in
Graninge, while the largest capital expenditures in 2002 had
been for the acquisition of the Powergen Group, the TXU retail
business in the United Kingdom, a portion of shares of Ruhrgas
and interests in a number of other companies, primarily in the
Central Europe market unit. For additional information on these
acquisitions, see Acquisitions and
Dispositions above and Note 4 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements. As described in more detail
in the segment analysis below, the most significant capital
expenditures in 2004 were for fixed and intangible assets at a
number of the market units, particularly Central Europe and
U.K., as well as for payments related to the acquisition of
Midlands Electricity, intra-Group transfers of shareholdings and
the Thüga squeeze out. A change in the cash flow effect of
changes in securities with a maturity of more than three months
(which had provided cash of
428 million
in 2003 and used cash of
385 million
in 2004) was the primary factor for the change in E.ONs
cash flow used for investing activities, which declined from
39 million
cash provided in 2003 to
596 million
cash used in 2004
(10,409 million
cash used in 2002).
Cash used for financing activities totaled
4,461 million,
with the increase from
3,545 million
in 2003 primarily reflecting the increased repayment of
financial liabilities in 2004 described below, as well as the
impact of increased borrowing in 2003 related to the financing
of the acquisitions described above. In 2002, cash provided by
financing activities had totaled
4,499 million.
As of December 31, 2004, the Group had cash and cash
equivalents from continuing operations of
4,176 million,
as compared with
3,321 million
at December 31, 2003
(1,332 million
at year-end 2002).
158
The following table shows the cash provided by operating
activities and used for capital expenditures for each of the
Groups segments in 2004 and 2003 (in each case excluding
the cash flows of discontinued operations). As noted above, this
analysis is presented on the basis of the new market unit
structure and the reclassified results for 2003. See
Business Segment Information above.
E.ON BUSINESS SEGMENT CASH FLOW AND CAPITAL
EXPENDITURES(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Cash from | |
|
Capital | |
|
Cash from | |
|
Capital | |
|
|
Operations | |
|
Expenditures | |
|
Operations | |
|
Expenditures | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Central Europe(2)
|
|
|
2,938 |
|
|
|
2,527 |
|
|
|
4,081 |
|
|
|
2,126 |
|
Pan-European Gas
|
|
|
1,016 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
|
|
1,027 |
(3) |
|
|
667 |
(3) |
U.K.
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
Nordic
|
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
773 |
|
|
|
1,265 |
|
U.S. Midwest(2)
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
Corporate Center(2)
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
(855 |
) |
|
|
4,147 |
(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
5,967 |
|
|
|
5,141 |
|
|
|
5,529 |
|
|
|
9,036 |
|
|
Other Activities(2)
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,972 |
|
|
|
5,285 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
9,196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
For a detailed description of capital expenditures by purchases
of financial assets and purchases of other fixed assets, see
Note 27 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the cash from operations and capital expenditures of
certain activities now accounted for as discontinued operations.
For more details, see Acquisitions and
Dispositions Discontinued Operations and
Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the cash flows of the former Ruhrgas activities for the
period from February 1 to December 31 and those of
Thüga and other transferred activities for the full year. |
|
(4) |
Includes the acquisition of shares of Ruhrgas in 2003. |
|
|
|
Capital Expenditures in 2004 Compared with 2003 |
The Central Europe market unit continued to account for the
largest portion of the Groups capital expenditures over
the most recent two-year period, primarily as a result of
acquisitions of equity investments in energy companies and other
financial assets, as well as additions to property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets. Investments of the Central
Europe market unit amounted to
2,527 million
in 2004, an 18.9 percent increase from 2003, with
1,388 million
invested in property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
primarily used in power generation and distribution. Investments
in financial assets amounted to
1,139 million
with the largest single category being intra-Group acquisitions
from the Pan-European Gas market unit in connection with the new
market unit structure
(404 million),
the largest of which was the acquisition of additional interests
in Ferngas Salzgitter
(230 million).
The investment in financial assets also included advance
payments in connection with the acquisition of interests in
Elektrorazpredelenie Varna and Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna
Oryahovitza
(141 million),
and the purchase of additional shares in Ferngas Salzgitter from
third parties
(133 million)
and increased stakes in a number of companies in the Czech
Republic and Hungary
(106 million).
Capital expenditures in the Central Europe market unit in 2003
amounted to
2,126 million.
Of this amount,
1,255 million
was attributable to investments in property, plant and equipment
and intangible assets focused primarily on power generation and
distribution assets. The largest equity investment was the
acquisition of additional stakes in JME and JCE
(207 million).
The level of capital expenditures at the Pan-European Gas market
unit was essentially stable compared with that in 2003. In 2004,
the Pan-European Gas market unit invested
660 million,
of which
145 million
was spent on property, plant and equipment and intangible
assets, primarily in the transmission system. The majority of the
159
remaining
515 million
in capital expenditures was for financial assets, with the
largest single item being the
223 million
spent acquiring the remaining 3.4 percent stake in
Thüga in the squeeze out process. Capital expenditures in
the Pan-European Gas market unit in 2003 amounted to
667 million,
of which
453 million
were for financial assets, most significantly the financing of
the purchase of additional shares of Gazprom by the Russian
entity in which E.ON Ruhrgas holds an interest. The remaining
214 million
related to investments in property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets, primarily for the improvement of the
technical infrastructure.
The U.K. market units capital expenditures increased by
29.6 percent to
503 million
in 2004, with
511 million
spent on fixed and intangible assets and negative
8 million
attributable to financial assets. The majority of the
investments in fixed assets was attributable to expenditures in
the distribution business
(286 million),
and the expansion and maintenance of the generation portfolio
(178 million).
Capital expenditures in the U.K. market unit in 2003 amounted to
388 million,
primarily due to additions to property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets.
The Nordic market units capital expenditures decreased by
41.5 percent to
740 million
in 2004. Of this amount,
390 million
was attributable to investments in financial assets. The largest
equity investment was the acquisition of additional Graninge
shares
(307 million).
The Nordic market unit also invested
350 million
in property, plant and equipment and intangible assets in order
to maintain its existing production facilities, as well as to
upgrade and enhance the distribution network. Capital
expenditures in 2003 amounted to
1,265 million.
The largest equity investment was the acquisition of
42.7 percent of Graninge
(628 million).
Capital expenditures in the U.S. Midwest market unit decreased
by 37.5 percent to
277 million
in 2004. The total amount was invested in property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets, primarily in the regulated
business. The decrease principally reflected the fact that
environmental control and combustion turbine equipment under
construction in 2003 was placed into service in 2004. In 2003,
all of the capital expenditures of
443 million
were attributable to property, plant and equipment and
intangible assets, mainly in the regulated business.
The Corporate Center segments level of capital
expenditures in 2004 decreased significantly, amounting to
434 million.
The majority of this amount was invested in financial assets,
primarily payments to holders of outstanding bonds of Midlands
Electricity as part of its acquisition
(881 million)
and in the Thüga squeeze out
(223 million),
with the impact of these investments on the segments total
partially offset by the elimination of intersegment
transactions. In 2003, capital expenditures at the Corporate
Center segment reflected significant acquisition activity by
E.ON AG, the impact of which was partially offset by
consolidation effects. The total of
4,147 million
in 2003 was primarily attributable to the purchase of the
remaining shares of Ruhrgas in the first quarter.
Capital expenditures at the Other Activities segment in 2004
were solely dedicated to Viterra. The majority of the capital
expenditures of
144 million
was attributable to financial assets, primarily in the
residential real estate business for the acquisition of
additional stakes in Deutschbau
(60 million).
Capital expenditures at the Other Activities segment in 2003
amounted to
160 million,
with
124 million
dedicated to Viterra and
36 million
to Degussa.
74 million
of Viterras investments were for property, plant and
equipment and intangible assets and
50 million
were for financial assets. The largest single investment was the
purchase of the remaining outstanding shares of FSG from the
city of Frankfurt for approximately
49 million
in January 2003.
The following table shows the cash provided by operating
activities and used for capital expenditures for each of the
Groups segments in 2003 and 2002 (in each case excluding
the cash flows of discontinued operations). As noted above, the
comparison of results for 2003 and 2002 presented below has been
prepared on the basis of the segments used by the Groups
management at such time, as previously reported in E.ONs
160
Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2003 and Note 31 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements included therein. See
Business Segment Information above.
E.ON BUSINESS SEGMENT CASH FLOW AND CAPITAL
EXPENDITURES(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Cash from | |
|
Capital | |
|
Cash from | |
|
Capital | |
|
|
Operations | |
|
Expenditures | |
|
Operations | |
|
Expenditures | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
E.ON Energie(2)
|
|
|
5,040 |
|
|
|
3,521 |
|
|
|
3,246 |
|
|
|
6,125 |
|
Ruhrgas(3)
|
|
|
791 |
|
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Powergen(2)(4)
|
|
|
493 |
|
|
|
842 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
|
|
3,094 |
|
Other/consolidation(2)
|
|
|
(795 |
) |
|
|
4,210 |
(5) |
|
|
(897 |
) |
|
|
13,448 |
(5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
5,529 |
|
|
|
9,036 |
|
|
|
2,722 |
|
|
|
22,667 |
|
Viterra(2)
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
378 |
|
Degussa(2)
|
|
|
(93 |
) |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
841 |
|
|
|
1,114 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Activities
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
892 |
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
9,196 |
|
|
|
3,614 |
|
|
|
24,159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
For a detailed description of capital expenditures by purchases
of financial assets and purchases of other fixed assets, see
Note 27 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(2) |
Excludes the cash from operations and capital expenditures of
certain activities now accounted for as discontinued operations.
For more details, see Acquisitions and
Dispositions Discontinued Operations and
Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. |
|
(3) |
Includes the cash flows of the former Ruhrgas activities from
the date of consolidation on February 1, 2003. |
|
(4) |
Includes the cash flows of the Powergen Group from the date of
consolidation on July 1, 2002. |
|
(5) |
Includes the acquisition of the Powergen Group in 2002 and
shares of Ruhrgas in both 2002 and 2003. |
|
|
|
Capital Expenditures in 2003 Compared with 2002 |
The E.ON Energie division continued to account for the largest
portion of the Groups capital expenditures over the most
recent two-year period, primarily as a result of acquisitions of
equity investments in energy companies and other financial
assets, as well as additions to property, plant and equipment.
Capital expenditures in the E.ON Energie division in 2003
decreased to
3,521 million.
Of this amount,
1,699 million
was attributable to investments in property, plant and equipment
focused primarily on power generation and distribution assets.
The largest equity investments were the acquisition of an
additional 42.7 percent of Graninge
(597 million,
net of cash acquired) and the acquisition of additional stakes
in JME and JCE
(207 million).
E.ON Energies investments in 2002 had totaled
6,125 million,
reflecting a high level of acquisition activity, including the
acquisition of an additional 25.1 percent of Thüga;
the additional 62.9 percent shareholding in
ÉDÁSZ; the 65.6 percent of the former Espoon
Sähkö (now E.ON Finland); 49.0 percent of ZSE and
increases in the divisions shareholdings in a number of
German regional utilities.
Capital expenditures in the Ruhrgas division for the eleven
months beginning on February 1, 2003 amounted to
463 million,
of which
324 million
were for financial assets, most significantly the financing of
the purchase of additional shares of Gazprom by the Russian
entity in which Ruhrgas holds an interest. The remaining
139 million
related to investments in fixed assets, primarily for the
improvement of the technical infrastructure.
Capital expenditures in the Powergen division in 2003 decreased
by 72.8 percent to
842 million.
Investments at the U.K business amounted to
399 million,
primarily due to additions to property, plant and equipment. In
the U.S. business, the majority of the capital expenditures of
443 million
were attributable to property, plant and equipment, mainly in
the utility business. The Powergen divisions capital
expenditures for the six months beginning on July 1, 2002
amounted to almost
3.1 billion.
Of this figure,
2.5 billion,
net of
161
0.1 billion
cash acquired and including
0.4 billion
for working capital funding, was for the acquisition of the TXU
Group retail business and associated assets. The remainder
primarily comprised additions to property, plant and equipment
totaling
0.4 billion
in the United States and
0.2 billion
in the United Kingdom.
Capital expenditures in the Viterra division in 2003 decreased
by 67.2 percent to
124 million,
of which
74 million
were dedicated to property, plant and equipment and
50 million
to financial assets. The largest single investment was the
purchase of the remaining outstanding shares of FSG from the
city of Frankfurt for approximately
49 million
in January 2003. The relatively high level of capital
expenditures in 2002
(378 million)
was primarily attributable to the divisions acquisition of
a majority interest in FSG in January 2002 for
273 million,
net of
39 million
cash acquired.
Degussas capital expenditures in January 2003 amounted to
36 million.
Investments in the Degussa division in 2002 had totaled
1,114 million,
reflecting a lower level of acquisition activity compared to
prior years and a reduction in expenditures for fixed assets.
Capital expenditures at the Other/consolidation segment
reflected significant acquisition activity by E.ON AG in
2002 and 2003, the impact of which was partially offset by
consolidation effects. The total of
4,210 million
in 2003 was primarily attributable to the purchase of the
remaining shares of Ruhrgas in the first quarter, while the
total of
13,448 million
in 2002 reflected the acquisition of the Powergen Group and
E.ONs initial stakes in Ruhrgas.
Financial Liabilities. The financial liabilities of E.ON
decreased to
20,301 million
at year-end 2004 from
21,787 million
at year-end 2003. The decrease of
1,486 million
or 6.8 percent primarily resulted from the fact that
repayments exceeded new drawdowns by
2,471 million,
with the net result reflected in reductions in the outstanding
amount of bank loans
(719 million)
and bonds
(2,358 million),
the overall effects of which were partially offset by an
increase in outstanding commercial paper
(1,463 million).
Bank loans decreased from
4,718 million
at year-end 2003 to
3,999 million
at year-end 2004, as a total of
2,762 million
in loans were repaid, while
1,393 million
were drawn down.
1,614 million
(39.1 percent) of the amounts payable under bank loans at
year-end 2004 are due after 2009, with
1,010 million
(24.5 percent) due in 2005,
474 million
(11.5 percent) due in 2006,
410 million
(9.9 percent) due in 2007,
195 million
(4.7 percent) due in 2008 and
427 million
(10.3 percent) due in 2009. In the Consolidated Balance
Sheet at December 31, 2004, liabilities are reported net of
the interest portion of non-interest-bearing and low-interest
liabilities in the amount of
34,355 million.
The interest portion amounts to
275 million.
Mortgage loans incurred by Viterra account for
1,542 million
of the total. For more detailed information on interest rates,
maturities, significant covenants, cross-default provisions and
E.ONs compliance therewith, as well as other details of
the Groups financial liabilities, including the credit
facilities and Commercial Paper and Medium Term Note programs of
E.ON AG and certain of its subsidiaries, see Note 24
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
E.ON follows a centralized financing policy. Most of the
financing transactions of E.ONs market units have been
centralized and netted at the Group level to reduce the
Groups overall debt and interest expense. As a general
rule, external financings will be undertaken at the E.ON AG
level (or via finance subsidiaries under its guarantee) and
on-lent as needed within the Group. In certain limited
circumstances, future financings may also take place at the
subsidiary level, e.g. for reasons of tax efficiency or
regulatory compliance. E.ONs aim is to maximize its
financing efficiency and minimize structural subordination
issues that would arise if significant external debt was held at
the operating subsidiary level. Over time it is E.ONs
intention to refinance outstanding external subsidiary debt as
it falls due with intercompany loans.
E.ONs implementation of its centralized financing policy
was reflected in the increase of the authorized amount of E.ON
AGs Commercial Paper program to
10 billion
in March 2003 and that of its Medium Term Note program to
20 billion
in August 2002. E.ON also has a Syndicated Multi-Currency
Revolving Credit Facility that permits borrowings in various
currencies in an aggregate amount of up to
10 billion.
For additional information on these programs, including amounts
outstanding and available as of year-end 2004, see Note 24
of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2004, E.ON made a cash tender offer to the holders of
approximately
1.8 billion
in outstanding principal amount of bonds issued by Powergen and
its subsidiaries. The cash tender offer was made by way of a
162
solicitation of offers to sell and was a further step in the
implementation of E.ONs centralized financing policy. At
the conclusion of the offer, a total of approximately
1.2 billion
in principal amount of bonds had been tendered, for which E.ON
paid a total of approximately
1.3 billion.
At year-end 2004, Standard & Poors Ratings Group
(S&P) and Moodys Investors Service
(Moodys) rated E.ONs Commercial Paper
program with a short-term rating of A-1+ and
Prime-1, respectively. On June 4, 2004, S&P
confirmed its AA- long-term rating for E.ONs
bonds and changed the outlook from negative to stable. On
April 30, 2004, Moodys upgraded its long-term rating
for E.ON bonds from A1 to Aa3 with a
stable outlook.
Expected Investment Activity. In an effort to further
optimize the planning process, E.ON reduced the length of its
investment planning period from five years to three in 2002. The
basis for this decision was E.ONs belief that the product
life cycles are continuously shortening and that conditions in
markets and competitive relationships are changing more quickly.
E.ON currently plans to invest a total of
18.7 billion
over the three years from 2005 to 2007. The majority of capital
expenditure
(12.6 billion)
is earmarked for property, plant, and equipment. Key investment
areas include modernizing and maintaining power and gas networks
and building environmentally-friendly power generating
facilities. E.ON has budgeted more than
1 billion
for investments related to the production of energy from
renewable resources. Investments in financial assets of about
6.1 billion
are planned primarily for increasing E.ONs stakes in
existing shareholdings in its target markets and for expanding
its shareholdings in natural gas production assets in order to
further enhance the security of its gas supply.
At the Central Europe market unit, E.ON plans to invest
6.8 billion
during the next three years. Of this amount,
5.9 billion
is earmarked for property, plant, and equipment, primarily
focusing on power generation and the expansion of the market
units transmission and distribution networks. Projects
include the construction of a new coal-fired power plant and a
new gas-fired power plant. Investments in financial assets of
approximately
0.9 billion
are expected to be used mainly for increasing equity interests
in existing shareholdings in central and eastern Europe.
Expenditures of
4.3 billion
are planned at the Pan-European Gas market unit. Approximately
two-thirds of this planned capital expenditure is budgeted for
the acquisition of shareholdings and the expansion of upstream
operations. Capital investment of
1.4 billion
is planned for the expansion of gas transport and storage
infrastructure. Total investment at the U.K. market unit is
expected to amount to
2.8 billion,
budgeted primarily for an upgrade of its distribution network
and for investments in generation assets. At the Nordic market
unit, capital expenditure totaling
3.7 billion
is budgeted, of which
2.2 billion
is earmarked for the acquisition of additional shares in
Sydkraft if Sydkrafts minority shareholder exercises its
put option. Additional capital expenditure is planned for
boosting the efficiency of generating facilities and upgrading
the distribution network. At the U.S. Midwest market unit,
capital expenditure of
1.2 billion
is planned for property, plant and equipment.
The investment plan summarized above only contains projects that
are sufficiently probable from todays perspective. The
Group expects to be able to finance the total volume of budgeted
capital investments through cash provided by operating
activities. E.ON believes its strong financial situation gives
the Company the flexibility to carry out additional growth
initiatives if they make strategic sense and create value.
The following material transactions are expected to have a
significant impact on E.ONs cash flows in 2005. Proceeds
from the sale of hydroelectric assets to Statkraft are expected
to total approximately
500 million;
firm estimates of expected proceeds for the other expected
dispositions are not currently available. The acquisition of the
interests in the MOL companies is expected to result in cash
outflows totaling approximately
400 million
(excluding the assumption of external financial debt and any
payments upon exercise of the put options), while that of the
majority interest in Distrigaz Nord is expected to result in
cash outflows of approximately
300 million.
In January 2005, E.ON AG agreed to make a payment of
GBP420 million (approximately
600 million)
into the principal pension plan for existing employees of the
U.K. market unit. The payment, which is expected to be made
in April 2005, will improve the funding level of the plans
(which had a funding deficit of GBP728 million
163
(1.1 billion)
at the time of the last actuarial valuation in March 2004) and
allow for the merger of four previously autonomous sections
covering Powergen, EME, Midlands Electricity and TXU into a
single pool.
E.ON expects that cash flow from operations and cash received
from disposals will continue to be the primary source of funds
for its capital expenditures and working capital requirements in
2005. E.ON believes that its cash flow and available liquid
funds and credit lines will be sufficient to meet its
anticipated cash needs. In addition, various means of raising
share capital are available to E.ON as discussed in
Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association Changes in
Capital and Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
Fair Value of Derivatives. E.ON has established risk
management policies that allow the use of foreign currency,
interest, and commodity derivative instruments and other
instruments and agreements to manage its exposure to market,
currency, interest rate, commodity price and counterparty risk.
E.ON uses derivatives for both trading and non-trading purposes.
Proprietary trading is conducted with the goal of improving
operating results within defined limits in specified markets.
The estimated fair value of commodity contracts used in the
Groups trading activities for the year ended
December 31, 2004 is presented below:
FAIR VALUE RECONCILIATION TABLE
( in
millions)
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of contracts outstanding at the beginning of the
period
|
|
|
(72.7 |
) |
Change to scope of consolidation
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
Contracts realized or otherwise settled during the period
|
|
|
82.0 |
|
Fair value of new contracts entered into during the period
|
|
|
29.3 |
|
Changes in fair values attributable to changes in valuation
techniques and assumptions
|
|
|
(18.8 |
) |
Other changes in fair values
|
|
|
362.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of contracts outstanding at the end of the period
|
|
|
382.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
For information regarding E.ONs trading activities, risk
management and market factors impacting the fair values of
contracts, see the respective market unit descriptions in
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview, Risk
Management, Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and
Notes 28 and 29 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
E.ON estimated the gross mark-to-market value of its commodity
contracts as of December 31, 2004 using quoted market
values where available and other valuation techniques where
market data is not available. In such instances, E.ON uses
alternative pricing methodologies, including, but not limited
to, weighted average probability models, spot prices adjusted
for forward premiums/discounts and option pricing models. Fair
value contemplates the effects of credit risk, liquidity risk
and time value of money on gross mark-to-market positions.
The following table shows the sources of prices used to
calculate the fair value of commodity contracts at
December 31, 2004. In many cases these prices are fed into
option models that calculate a gross mark-to-market
164
value from which fair value is derived after considering
reserves for liquidity, credit, time value and model confidence.
SOURCE OF FAIR VALUE TABLE
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair Value of Contracts at Period-End | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Maturity | |
|
|
|
Maturity in | |
|
|
|
|
less than | |
|
Maturity | |
|
Maturity | |
|
excess of | |
|
Total | |
Source of Fair Value |
|
1 year | |
|
1-3 years | |
|
4-5 years | |
|
5 years | |
|
Fair Value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Prices actively quoted
|
|
|
160.6 |
|
|
|
274.2 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
435.4 |
|
Prices provided by other external sources
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
Prices based on models and other valuation methods
|
|
|
(11.3 |
) |
|
|
(11.7 |
) |
|
|
(4.8 |
) |
|
|
(25.1 |
) |
|
|
(52.9 |
) |
The amounts disclosed above are not indicative of likely future
cash flows, as these positions may be changed by new
transactions in the trading portfolio at any time in response to
changing market conditions, market liquidity and E.ONs
risk management portfolio needs and strategies.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
In 2004, E.ON spent approximately
55 million
on R&D, compared with
69 million
in 2003 and
380 million
in 2002. In 2004, 2003 and 2002, E.ONs R&D
expenditures as a percentage of sales were 0.1 percent,
0.1 percent and 1.0 percent, respectively. The sharp
decline in 2003 reflects the deconsolidation of Degussa, which
had been responsible for the large majority of these expenses.
E.ON does not anticipate any significant changes in its R&D
expenditures in the near term. The 2004 expenditures were
primarily attributable to E.ON Ruhrgas, where about 400 of
E.ONs 1,007 R&D employees are employed. See
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Pan-European Gas
Research and Development.
TREND INFORMATION
For information on the principal trends and uncertainties
affecting the Companys results of operations and financial
condition, see Item 3. Key Information
Risk Factors, the respective market unit descriptions in
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview, Operating
Environment, and Results of
Operations and Liquidity and Capital
Resources above.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
E.ON uses certain off-balance sheet arrangements in the ordinary
course of business, including financial guarantees, lines of
credit, indemnification agreements and other guarantees.
E.ONs arrangements in each of these categories are
described in more detail below. For additional information, see
Note 25 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial Guarantees. E.ONs financial guarantees
require the guarantor to make contingent payments upon the
occurrence of certain events or changes in an underlying
instrument that is related to an asset, a liability, or the
equity of the guaranteed party. These guarantees include
arrangements that are characterized as direct and indirect
obligations under FASB Interpretation
No. (FIN) 45 Guarantors
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including
Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. Direct
obligations are those that give the party receiving the
guarantee a direct claim against E.ON; indirect obligations are
those under which E.ON has agreed to provide the funds necessary
for another party to satisfy an obligation, such as pursuant to
a keepwell arrangement.
The Companys financial guarantees as of December 31,
2004 included certain direct obligations relating to E.ONs
generation of electricity from nuclear power plants in Germany
and Sweden, primarily those arising from solidarity agreements
in connection with the requirement that German nuclear power
plant operators provide
165
nuclear accident liability coverage of up to
2.5 billion
per accident. These obligations are described in more detail in
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Environmental Matters
Germany: Electricity and Note 25 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements. E.ONs direct
obligations also include direct financial guarantees issued in
favor of the creditors of related parties and third parties. The
Companys obligations under these direct financial
guarantees with specified terms extend as far as 2029, and the
maximum undiscounted amounts potentially payable in the future
under these direct guarantees totaled
737 million
at December 31, 2004, compared with
525 million
at year-end 2003. Of these amounts,
534 million
and
310 million,
respectively, involved guarantees issued on behalf of related
parties (including financing arrangements for the Interconnector
undersea gas pipeline). E.ONs indirect financial
guarantees primarily include obligations in connection with
cross-border leasing transactions entered into by E.ON Benelux
and obligations to provide financial support, primarily to
related parties. E.ONs obligations under indirect
financial guarantees with specified terms extend as far as 2023.
The maximum undiscounted amounts potentially payable in the
future under these indirect guarantees totaled
459 million
at year-end 2004, compared with
663 million
at December 31, 2003. Of these amounts,
162 million
and
353 million,
respectively, involved guarantees issued on behalf of related
parties (including financing arrangements for ONE, formerly
Connect Austria, as of December 31, 2003). As of
December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had recorded
provisions in accordance with U.S. GAAP of
98 million
and
95 million,
respectively, with respect to its obligations under all of these
non-nuclear financial guarantees.
Indemnification Agreements. A number of the agreements
governing E.ONs divestiture of former subsidiaries and
operations include indemnification clauses
(Freistellungen) and other guarantees, certain of which
are required by applicable local law. These arrangements
generally comprise customary guarantees relating to the accuracy
of representations and warranties, as well as indemnification
provisions relating to contingent future environmental and tax
liabilities. The Companys obligations under these
arrangements with specified terms extend as far as 2041. The
maximum undiscounted amount potentially payable under these
agreements was
4,602 million
as of December 31, 2004, as compared with
5,693 million
at year-end 2003. In a number of cases, it is not possible to
reliably estimate a maximum obligation because there is no
maximum liability specified in the contract. A number of the
contracts also require the buyer to either share costs or cover
a certain amount of costs before the Company is required to make
any payments. Certain of E.ONs obligations under these
arrangements are also covered by insurance and/or provisions
established at the relevant divested companies. As of
December 31, 2004 and 2003, the Company had recorded
provisions in accordance with U.S. GAAP of
86 million
and
103 million,
respectively, with respect to all indemnities and other
guarantees included in the relevant agreements. Indemnification
agreements entered into by companies that were later sold by
E.ON AG (or VEBA AG and VIAG AG before their
merger) have generally been assumed by the buyers of the
relevant businesses in the final sales contracts, and are
therefore no longer obligations of E.ON.
Other Guarantees. E.ONs obligations under
other guarantees primarily include those relating to
market value guarantees and warranties (including those provided
on behalf of related parties), as well as those arising from
purchase agreements under which E.ON is obligated to pay
additional consideration upon the occurrence of certain
contingencies. These warranty obligations primarily relate to
E.ON Energies business and Viterras real estate
operations, while those for market value guarantees primarily
arise from assurances as to the future value of securities
pledged in connection with cross-border leasing transactions. As
of December 31, 2004, the maximum potential undiscounted
future payments potentially payable in respect of these
warranties and market value guarantees amounted to
127 million,
with those relating to contingent purchase consideration
amounting to
36 million.
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON had also recorded provisions
in accordance with U.S. GAAP in the amount of
25 million
in respect of its own product warranties. At December 31,
2003, the warranty provision had totaled
30 million.
Variable Interest Entities. The Company holds variable
interests in various Variable Interest Entities
(VIEs), which are not significant either
individually or in the aggregate. As a result of the first-time
application of FIN 46, two jointly managed electricity
generation companies, two real estate leasing companies and two
companies managing investments were fully consolidated in the
Consolidated Financial Statements effective July 1, 2003.
Another VIE for the management and disposal of real estate has
been fully consolidated since the underlying contractual
relationship became effective in 2003. Following E.ONs
acquisition of additional
166
interests in one of the previously jointly managed electricity
companies and one of companies managing investments noted above,
the revised FASB Interpretation No. 46
(FIN 46R) ceased to apply to such entities. As
of October 1, 2004, one other electricity company was fully
consolidated into the E.ON Group for the first time in
accordance with the provisions of FIN 46R. As of
December 31, 2004, these companies had total assets and
liabilities of
1,109 million
and recorded a gain for 2004 of
91 million
before consolidation. At December 31, 2004,
105 million
in fixed assets of these entities served as collateral for
financial leasing and bank credits. The recourse of creditors of
the consolidated VIEs to the assets of the consolidating
companies is generally limited. Two VIEs have no such limitation
of recourse. The consolidating companies are liable for
90 million
in respect of these two entities.
In addition, E.ON has had contractual relationships with one
leasing company in the energy sector since July 1, 2000.
The Company is not the primary beneficiary of this VIE, but this
entity had total assets of
120 million
as of December 31, 2004, and recorded income before
consolidation of
29 million
in 2004. E.ON has calculated that its maximum risk related to
the association with this VIE is
15 million
and considers it unlikely that these losses will be realized.
The extent of E.ONs interest in another VIE, which has
been in existence since 2001 and will terminate in 2005, cannot
be assessed in accordance with the FIN 46R criteria due to
insufficient information. The entity handles the liquidation of
assets from operations that have already been sold. Its original
assets and liabilities were
127 million.
No adverse future impact on income is expected from the
operation of this entity.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes E.ONs contractual
obligations as of December 31, 2004 and the related amounts
falling due in each of the periods presented:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Less than | |
|
|
|
More than | |
Contractual Obligations |
|
Total | |
|
1 year | |
|
1-3 years | |
|
3-5 years | |
|
5 years | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Financial Liabilities
|
|
|
20,576 |
|
|
|
7,036 |
|
|
|
1,888 |
|
|
|
5,539 |
|
|
|
6,113 |
|
Capital Lease Obligations
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
Operating Leases
|
|
|
1,179 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
738 |
|
Purchase Obligations
|
|
|
112,041 |
|
|
|
11,445 |
|
|
|
17,381 |
|
|
|
21,341 |
|
|
|
61,874 |
|
Asset Retirement Obligations
|
|
|
9,088 |
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
312 |
|
|
|
287 |
|
|
|
8,307 |
|
Pension Payments
|
|
|
9,133 |
|
|
|
814 |
|
|
|
1,696 |
|
|
|
1,788 |
|
|
|
4,835 |
|
Other Long-Term Obligations
|
|
|
12,418 |
|
|
|
832 |
|
|
|
3,001 |
|
|
|
5,028 |
|
|
|
3,557 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Contractual Obligations
|
|
|
164,603 |
|
|
|
20,453 |
|
|
|
24,528 |
|
|
|
34,172 |
|
|
|
85,450 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2004, the majority of the Companys
contractual obligations arose under long-term purchase contracts
in its core energy business, primarily for natural gas and
electricity. For additional details on E.ONs financial
liabilities and lease obligations, see Notes 24 and 25 of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For information
on pension obligations, see Note 22 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Purchase Obligations. E.ONs purchase obligations
primarily relate to the procurement of gas
(104 billion)
and electricity
(3 billion).
E.ON Ruhrgas purchases nearly all of its natural gas under
long-term supply contracts with international and German gas
producers. For more detailed information, see Item 4.
Information on the Company Business
Overview E.ON Ruhrgas. As is standard in the
industry, the price E.ON Ruhrgas pays for gas under these
contracts is calculated on the basis of complex formulas
incorporating variables based upon current market prices for
fuel oil, gas oil, coal and/or other competing fuels, with
prices being automatically re-calculated periodically. The
contracts also generally provide for formal revisions and
adjustments of the price and other business terms to reflect
changes in the market environment (in many cases expressly
including changes in the retail market for natural gas and
competing fuels), generally providing that such
167
revisions may only be made once every few years unless the
parties agree otherwise. Claims for revision are subject to
binding arbitration in the event the parties cannot agree on the
necessary adjustments. The contracts also require E.ON Ruhrgas
to pay for specified minimum quantities of gas even if it does
not take delivery of such quantities, a standard gas industry
practice known as take or pay. Certain of the
Companys other energy businesses also procure gas under
similar arrangements. E.ON calculates the financial obligations
arising from these contracts using the same principles that
govern its internal budgeting process, as well as taking into
account the specific take-or-pay obligations in the individual
contracts.
Contractual obligations for the purchase of electricity
primarily arise in connection with E.ON Energies interest
in jointly operated power plants. The price E.ON pays for
electricity generated by these jointly operated power plants is
determined on the basis of production cost plus a profit margin
that is generally calculated on the basis of an agreed return on
capital.
E.ON Energie has also entered into long-term purchase
obligations in connection with its obligations for the
reprocessing and storage of spent nuclear fuel elements, with
the relevant prices being based on prevailing market conditions.
For additional details on these obligations, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
Business Overview Central Europe Power
Generation.
Asset Retirement Obligations. In accordance with
SFAS 143, E.ONs asset retirement obligations are
reported at the fair value of both legal and contractual
obligations. These obligations primarily relate to retirement
costs for decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Germany and
Sweden, environmental remediation related to non-nuclear power
plants, including removal of electricity transmission and
distribution equipment, environmental remediation at gas storage
and opencast mining facilities and the decommissioning of oil
and gas field infrastructure. For additional details on
E.ONs asset retirement obligations, see Note 23 of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Other Long-Term Obligations. E.ONs other
contractual obligations consist primarily of obligations arising
out of mandatory tender offers and option agreements that would
require the Company to purchase shares from third parties.
Tender offer related obligations include those arising out of
outstanding mandatory offers made to minority shareholders of
CONTIGAS. As of December 31, 2004, such obligations totaled
44 million.
In addition, E.ON is a party to put option agreements related to
certain of its acquisitions, including one that allows the
minority shareholder in Sydkraft to sell its remaining stake in
that company to E.ON Energie at any time through
December 15, 2007 at an agreed price, and others that allow
minority shareholders in other companies controlled by
E.ON Energie to exercise similar rights. As of
December 31, 2004, the total amount potentially payable in
connection with such obligations was approximately
3.0 billion.
For more information with regard to E.ONs contractual
obligations, see Notes 24 and 25 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
|
Item 6. |
Directors, Senior Management and Employees. |
DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGEMENT
GENERAL
In accordance with the Stock Corporation Act, E.ON has a
Supervisory Board and a Board of Management. The two Boards are
separate and no individual may simultaneously be a member of
both Boards.
The Board of Management is responsible for managing the
day-to-day business of E.ON in accordance with the Stock
Corporation Act and E.ONs Articles of Association. The
Board of Management is authorized to represent E.ON and to enter
into binding agreements with third parties on behalf of it.
The principal function of the Supervisory Board is to supervise
the Board of Management. It is also responsible for appointing
and removing the members of the Board of Management. The
Supervisory Board may not make management decisions, but may
determine that certain types of transactions require its prior
consent.
168
In carrying out their duties, the individual Board members must
exercise the standard of care of a diligent and prudent
businessperson. In complying with such standard of care, the
Boards must take into account a broad range of considerations
including the interests of E.ON and its shareholders, employees
and creditors. In addition, the members of the Board of
Management are personally liable for certain violations of the
Stock Corporation Act by the Company. For information on
differences between E.ONs corporate governance standards
and those applicable to U.S. companies listed on the NYSE, see
Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association Significant
Differences in Corporate Governance Practices for Purposes of
Section 303A.11 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed
Company Manual (the NYSE Manual).
SUPERVISORY BOARD (AUFSICHTSRAT)
The present Supervisory Board of E.ON consists of twenty
members, ten of whom were elected by the shareholders by a
simple majority of the votes cast at a shareholder meeting in
accordance with the provisions of the Stock Corporation Act, and
ten of whom were elected by the employees in accordance with the
German Co-determination Act (Mitbestimmungsgesetz).
A member of the Supervisory Board elected by the shareholders
may be removed by the shareholders by a majority of the votes
cast at a meeting of shareholders. A member of the Supervisory
Board elected by the employees may be removed by three-quarters
of the votes cast by the relevant class of employees. The
Supervisory Board appoints a Chairman and a Deputy Chairman of
the Supervisory Board from amongst its members. At least half
the total required number of members of the Supervisory Board
must be present or participate in the decision making to
constitute a quorum. Unless otherwise provided for by law,
resolutions are passed by a simple majority of the votes cast.
In the event of a tie, another vote is held and the Chairman
(who is, in practice, a representative of the shareholders
because the representatives of the shareholders have the right
to elect the Chairman if two-thirds of the total required number
of members of the Supervisory Board fail to agree on a
candidate) then casts the tie-breaking vote.
The members of the Supervisory Board are each elected for the
same fixed term of approximately five years. The term expires at
the end of the annual general shareholders meeting after
the fourth fiscal year following the year in which the
Supervisory Board was elected. Reelection is possible. The
remuneration of the members of the Supervisory Board is
determined by E.ONs Articles of Association.
Because all members of the Supervisory Board are elected at the
same time, their terms expire simultaneously. The term of a
substitute member of the Supervisory Board elected or appointed
by a court to fill a vacancy ends at the time when the term of
the original member would have ended. The incumbent members of
E.ONs Supervisory Board, their respective ages and their
principal occupation and experience, each as of
December 31, 2004, as well as the year in which they were
first elected to the Supervisory Board are as follows:
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|
|
|
Year First | |
Name and Position Held |
|
Age | |
|
Principal Occupation |
|
Elected | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Ulrich Hartmann(1)(2)*(3)*
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
Retired Co-Chief Executive Officer of |
|
|
2003 |
|
Chairman of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON AG; formerly Chairman of the Board of Management and Chief
Executive Officer of VEBA AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deutsche Bank AG, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, Hochtief AG, IKB
Deutsche Industriebank AG (Chairman), Münchener
Rückversicherungs- Gesellschaft AG, Arcelor(4), Henkel
KGaA(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Hubertus Schmoldt(2)(3)(5)
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
Chairman of the Board of Management of |
|
|
1996 |
|
Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Industriegewerkschaft Bergbau, Chemie, Energie |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG, BHW AG, DOW Olefinverbund GmbH, Deutsche BP
AG, RAG Aktiengesellschaft |
|
|
|
|
169
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year First | |
Name and Position Held |
|
Age | |
|
Principal Occupation |
|
Elected | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
Günter Adam(5)
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
Chairman of the Central Works Council, |
|
|
2002 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Degussa AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Degussa AG |
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann(1)*
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of |
|
|
2000 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Siemens AG (until January 27, 2005); formerly member of the
Board of Management of Siemens AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Deutsche Bank AG, Linde AG, Schering AG, ThyssenKrupp AG |
|
|
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|
|
Ralf Blauth(1)(2)(5)
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
Chairman of the Combined Works Council, |
|
|
1996 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Degussa AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Degussa AG, RAG Aktiengesellschaft |
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of |
|
|
1997 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deutsche Bank AG; formerly Spokesman of the Board of Management
of Deutsche Bank AG |
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|
|
|
|
|
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|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
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|
Bertelsmann AG, Deutsche Börse AG (Chairman), Compagnie de
Saint-Gobain S.A.(4), Landwirtschaftliche Rentenbank(4),
Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau(4) |
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|
|
Dr. Gerhard Cromme(3)
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of |
|
|
1993 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
ThyssenKrupp AG |
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|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allianz AG, Axel Springer AG, Deutsche Lufthansa AG, E.ON
Ruhrgas AG, Hochtief AG, Siemens AG, Volkswagen AG, Suez
S.A.(4), BNP Paribas S.A.(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Wolf-Rüdiger Hinrichsen(3)(5)
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
Head of the Economic Affairs Department |
|
|
1998 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
of E.ON AG |
|
|
|
|
|
Ulrich Hocker
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
General Manager of the German Investor |
|
|
1998 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Protection Association |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Feri Finance AG, Gildemeister AG, Karstadt Quelle AG,
ThyssenKrupp Steel AG, Gartmore Capital Strategy Fonds(4),
Phoenix Mecano AG(4) (Chairman) |
|
|
|
|
|
Eva Kirchhof(5)
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
Diploma-Physicist, Degussa AG |
|
|
2002 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Viterra Wohnungsgesellschaft III mbH(4) |
|
|
|
|
170
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year First | |
Name and Position Held |
|
Age | |
|
Principal Occupation |
|
Elected | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Seppel Kraus(5)
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
Secretary of Labor Union |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wacker-Chemie GmbH, UPM-Kymmene Beteiligungs GmbH |
|
|
|
|
|
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Lehner
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
President and Chief Executive Officer, |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Henkel KGaA |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
HSBC Trinkaus & Burkhardt KGaA, Ecolab Inc.(4), Novartis
AG(4), Dial Corporation(4), Henkel of America(4), Henkel
Corporation(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Klaus Liesen
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
Honorary Chairman of the Supervisory |
|
|
1991 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Board of E.ON Ruhrgas AG; formerly Chairman of the Supervisory
Board of E.ON Ruhrgas AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TUI AG, Volkswagen AG, Otto Wolff Industrieberatung und
Beteiligungen GmbH(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Obramski(5)
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
Secretary of Labor Union |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG, E.ON Engineering GmbH, E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH,
RAG Bahn und Hafen GmbH |
|
|
|
|
|
Ulrich Otte(5)
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
Chairman of the Central Works Council, |
|
|
2001 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG, E.ON Kraftwerke GmbH |
|
|
|
|
|
Klaus-Dieter Raschke(1)(5)
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
Chairman of the Combined Works Council, |
|
|
2002 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG, E.ON Kernkraft GmbH |
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Henning Schulte-Noelle(2)
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of |
|
|
1993 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allianz AG; formerly Chairman of the Board of Management of
Allianz AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Siemens AG, ThyssenKrupp AG |
|
|
|
|
|
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Simson
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
Retired Co-Chief Executive Officer of |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON AG; formerly Chairman of the Board of Management and Chief
Executive Officer of VIAG AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank AG, Frankfurter Allgemeine
Zeitung GmbH, Merck KGaA, Freudenberg & Co.(4),
Jungbunzlauer Holding AG(4) |
|
|
|
|
171
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year First | |
Name and Position Held |
|
Age | |
|
Principal Occupation |
|
Elected | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
Gerhard Skupke(5)
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
Chairman of the Central Works Council, |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.DIS Aktiengesellschaft |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.DIS Aktiengesellschaft |
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Georg Freiherr von Waldenfels
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
Former Minister of Finance of the State |
|
|
2003 |
|
Member of the Supervisory Board
|
|
|
|
|
|
of Bavaria; Attorney |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deutscher Tennis Bund Holding GmbH (Chairman),
Georgsmarienhütte Holding GmbH, GI Ventures AG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
Chairman of the respective Supervisory Board committee. |
|
|
(1) |
Member of E.ON AGs Audit Committee. For more information,
see Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association Corporate
Governance The Supervisory Board Committees. |
|
(2) |
Member of E.ON AGs Executive Committee, which covers the
functions of a remuneration committee. For more information, see
Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association Corporate
Governance The Supervisory Board Committees. |
|
(3) |
Member of E.ON AGs Finance and Investment Committee. For
more information, see Item 10. Additional
Information Memorandum and Articles of
Association Corporate Governance The
Supervisory Board Committees. |
|
(4) |
Membership in comparable domestic or foreign supervisory body of
a commercial enterprise. |
|
(5) |
Elected by the employees. |
The current members of the Supervisory Board are subject to
reelection in 2008.
BOARD OF MANAGEMENT (VORSTAND)
As of December 31, 2004, the Board of Management of E.ON
consisted of six members (the total number is determined by the
Supervisory Board) who are appointed by the Supervisory Board in
accordance with the Stock Corporation Act.
Pursuant to E.ONs Articles of Association, any two members
of the Board of Management, or one member of the Board of
Management and the holder of a special power of attorney
(Prokura), may bind E.ON. According to E.ONs
Articles of Association, Prokura is granted by the Board of
Management.
The Board of Management must report regularly to the Supervisory
Board, in particular on proposed business policy and strategy,
on profitability, on the current business of E.ON and on
business transactions that may affect the profitability or
liquidity of E.ON, as well as on any exceptional matters which
may arise from time to time. The Supervisory Board is also
entitled to request special reports at any time. For more
information, see Item 10. Additional
Information Memorandum and Articles of
Association Corporate Governance.
The members of the Board of Management are appointed by the
Supervisory Board for a maximum term of five years. They may be
re-appointed or have their term extended for additional
five-year terms, subject to certain limitations depending upon
the age of the member. Under certain circumstances, such as a
serious breach of duty or a bona fide vote of no confidence by
the shareholders at a shareholders meeting, a member of
the Board of Management may be removed by the Supervisory Board
prior to the expiration of such term.
172
The members of the Board of Management, their respective ages
and their positions and experience, each as of December 31,
2004, as well as the year in which they were first appointed to
the Board and the years in which their terms expire,
respectively, are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year First | |
|
Year Current | |
Name and Title |
|
Age | |
|
Business Activities and Experience |
|
Appointed | |
|
Term Expires | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Dr. Wulf-H. Bernotat
Chairman of the Board of
Management
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
Chief Executive Officer; Corporate Communications, Corporate and
Public Affairs, Investor Relations, Supervisory Board Relations,
Strategy, Executive Development, Audit; formerly Chairman of the
Board of Management of Stinnes AG |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG(1) (Chairman), E.ON Ruhrgas AG(1) (Chairman),
Allianz AG, Metro AG, RAG Aktiengesellschaft (Chairman), E.ON
Nordic AB(2)(4) (Chairman), E.ON UK plc(2)(4) (Chairman), E.ON
US Investments Corp.(2)(4) (Chairman), Sydkraft AB(2)(4)
(Chairman) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Burckhard Bergmann
Member of the Board of
Management
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
Upstream Business, Market Management, Group Regulatory
Management; Chairman of the Board of Management and Chief
Executive Officer of E.ON Ruhrgas AG |
|
|
2003 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas International AG(1) (Chairman), Thüga AG(1)
(Chairman), Allianz Lebensversicherungs-AG, MAN Ferrostaal AG,
Jaeger Akustik GmbH & Co.(2) (Chairman),
Mitteleuropäische Gasleitungsgesellschaft mbH (MEGAL)(2)(4)
(Chairman), OAO Gazprom(2), E.ON Ruhrgas E & P
GmbH(2)(4) (Chairman), Ruhrgas Industries GmbH(2)(4) (Chairman),
Trans Europe Naturgas Pipeline GmbH(2)(4) (Chairman), E.ON
Ruhrgas Transport Management GmbH(2)(4), E.ON UK plc(2)(4), ZAO
Gerosgaz(2)(4) (Chairman; in alternation with a representative
of the foreign partner) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Hans Michael Gaul
Member of the Board of Management
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
Controlling/ Corporate Planning, M&A, Legal Affairs;
formerly Member of the Board of Management of VEBA AG |
|
|
1990 |
|
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Degussa AG(1), E.ON Energie AG(1), E.ON Ruhrgas AG(1), Viterra
AG(1) (Chairman), Allianz Versicherungs-AG, DKV AG, RAG
Aktiengesellschaft, STEAG AG, Volkswagen AG, E.ON Nordic
AB(2)(4), Sydkraft AB(2)(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
173
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year First | |
|
Year Current | |
Name and Title |
|
Age | |
|
Business Activities and Experience |
|
Appointed | |
|
Term Expires | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
Dr. Manfred Krüper
Member of the Board of
Management
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
Labor Relations, Personnel, Infrastructure and Services,
Procurement, Organization; formerly Member of the Board of
Management of VEBA AG |
|
|
1996 |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Energie AG(1), Viterra AG(1), Degussa AG(1), equitrust
Aktiengesellschaft (Chairman), RAG Aktiengesellschaft, RAG
Immobilien AG, Victoria Versicherung AG, Victoria
Lebensversicherung AG, E.ON US Investments Corp.(2)(4), E.ON
North America, Inc.(2)(4) (Chairman) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Erhard Schipporeit
Member of the Board of
Management
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
Chief Financial Officer; Finance, Accounting, Taxes, IT;
formerly Member of the Board of Management of VIAG AG
(appointed in 1997) |
|
|
2000 |
|
|
|
2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/ Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Ruhrgas AG(1), Degussa AG(1), Commerzbank AG, Talanx AG,
E.ON Audit Services GmbH(2)(4) (Chairman), E.ON Risk Consulting
GmbH(2)(4) (Chairman), E.ON UK plc(2)(4), E.ON US Investments
Corp.(2)(4), HDI V.a.G.(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Johannes Teyssen(3)
Member of the Board of
Management
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
Downstream Business, Market Management, Group Regulatory
Management; Chairman of the Board of Management and Chief
Executive Officer of E.ON Energie AG |
|
|
2004 |
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory Board Memberships/Directorships: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avacon AG(1) (Chairman), E.ON Bayern AG(1) (Chairman), E.ON
Hanse AG(1) (Chairman), E.ON Sales & Trading GmbH(1),
Thüga AG(1), E.ON Nordic AB(2)(4), Sydkraft AB(2)(4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Group mandate. |
|
(2) |
Membership in comparable domestic or foreign supervisory body of
a commercial enterprise. |
|
(3) |
Since January 1, 2004. |
|
(4) |
Other Group mandate (membership in comparable domestic or
foreign supervisory body of a commercial enterprise). |
The members of the Supervisory Board and Board of Management
hold, in aggregate, less than 1 percent of E.ONs
outstanding Ordinary Shares.
COMPENSATION
SUPERVISORY BOARD
Pursuant to E.ON AGs Articles of Association, members of
the Supervisory Board receive an annual fixed remuneration of
10,000. Members
of the Supervisory Board also receive an annual variable
remuneration of
1,250 for each
percentage point by which the dividend paid to shareholders
exceeds 4 percent of the Companys capital stock. The
Chairman of the Supervisory Board receives three times the
above-mentioned remuneration, the Deputy Chairman and every
chairman of a Supervisory Board committee each receive twice the
above-mentioned remuneration, and each member of a Supervisory
Board committee receives one-and-a-half times the
above-mentioned remuneration. In addition, members of the
Supervisory Board receive an attendance fee of
1,000 per day
for meetings
174
of the Supervisory Board or one of its committees and are
reimbursed each fiscal year for their meeting-related expenses.
For information about the Supervisory Board committees, see
Item 10. Additional Information Memorandum and
Articles of Association Corporate Governance
The Supervisory Board Committees.
Provided that E.ONs shareholders approve the proposed
dividend at the annual general meeting of shareholders on
April 27, 2005, total remuneration to members of the
Supervisory Board for 2004 will be
3.3 million.
E.ON has opted for voluntary compliance with most of the
recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code
(Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex), including
disclosure of the individual compensation received by the
members of the Supervisory Board. The following table sets forth
details of the compensation of each member of E.ONs
Supervisory Board (in the capacities indicated) in 2004,
presented in accordance with the recommendations of the German
Corporate Governance Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed | |
|
Variable | |
|
Compensation for | |
|
|
|
|
Compensation for | |
|
Compensation for | |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
|
|
|
Service on E.ONs | |
|
Service on E.ONs | |
|
Memberships at | |
|
|
Name |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
Affiliated Companies | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
() | |
Ulrich Hartmann
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
323,925 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
353,925 |
|
Hubertus Schmoldt
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
215,950 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
235,950 |
|
Günter Adam
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
215,950 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
235,950 |
|
Ralf Blauth
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Gerhard Cromme
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Wolf Rüdiger Hinrichsen
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Ulrich Hocker
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Eva Kirchhof
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Seppel Kraus
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Lehner
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Klaus Liesen
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Peter Obramski
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Ulrich Otte
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
66,700 |
|
|
|
184,675 |
|
Klaus-Dieter Raschke
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
44,778 |
|
|
|
221,741 |
|
Dr. Henning Schulte-Noelle
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Simson
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Gerhard Skupke
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
14,250 |
|
|
|
132,225 |
|
Dr. Georg Freiherr von Waldenfels
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Attendance fees and meeting-related reimbursements(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97,838 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
265,000 |
|
|
|
2,861,340 |
|
|
|
125,728 |
|
|
|
3,349,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Attendance fees and meeting-related reimbursements are given as
an aggregate for all Supervisory Board members. |
Compensation includes fees relating to service in committees.
For details of the members and chairmen of the Supervisory Board
committees, see the table in Supervisory
Board above.
There were no loans to members of the Supervisory Board in the
2004 financial year.
In accordance with the recommendations of the German Corporate
Governance Code, adjustments to the Supervisory Board
compensation structure for 2005 to better reflect the scope of
the Supervisory Board
175
members responsibilities and the performance of the
Company will be proposed to the annual general meeting of
shareholders to be held in April 2005.
In accordance with the recommendations of the German Corporate
Governance Code, the compensation of members of the Board of
Management consists of both fixed and variable components. The
Company believes that all of these components, individually and
in the aggregate, are fair and reasonable. The amount of
compensation paid to a Board of Management member is based on a
number of criteria, in particular his or her areas of
responsibility, his or her personal performance and the
performance of the Board of Management as a whole, as well as
the Companys financial condition, profitability and
outlook compared with its peers. Currently, the compensation of
the Board of Management has the following three components:
|
|
|
|
|
fixed annual compensation; |
|
|
|
annual bonus, the amount of which is based on the achievement of
company-based and personal performance targets; and |
|
|
|
stock appreciation rights (SARs) |
Fixed compensation is paid on a monthly basis and reviewed
regularly to determine whether it conforms with industry
practice and is fair and reasonable.
The target amount of the annual bonus is set during an annual
review process. For 2004, 80 percent of the target bonus
consisted of company-based performance targets and
20 percent consisted of personal performance targets. From
January 2005, the percentages are 70 percent and
30 percent, respectively. The company-based performance
targets reflect, in equal shares, operating performance (as
measured by adjusted EBIT) and return-on-capital performance.
Individual targets relate to members areas of
responsibility, functions and projects. If a Board of Management
member meets 100 percent of his or her performance targets,
the member receives the contractually stipulated target bonus.
The maximum possible bonus that is achievable is
200 percent of the target bonus.
In addition, E.ON AG has conducted a SAR program since 1999. The
program is designed to compensate Board of Management members
and other key executives for their contributions to increasing
shareholder value, as well as to promote E.ONs long-term
corporate growth. This variable compensation program, which
combines incentives for long-term growth with a risk component,
serves to align the interests of management and stockholders.
The SAR program contains performance targets and comparative
parameters. Under the terms of the SAR program, these
performance targets and comparative parameters are not subject
to subsequent alteration. In addition, from 2004 SARs granted
under this program incorporate a cap mechanism to limit the
effect of extraordinary, unanticipated market movements in
E.ONs stock price. See also Stock
Incentive Plans below and Note 9 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements.
The SAR program and the bonus system have a risk component and
consequently are not guaranteed compensation.
Total compensation paid to members of the Board of Management in
2004 amounted to
13.8 million,
which included fixed and variable compensation as well as gains
from exercising SARs.
E.ON has opted for voluntary compliance with most of the
recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code,
including disclosure of the individual compensation received by
the members of the Board of Management. The following table sets
forth the details of the compensation of each member of
E.ONs Board of
176
Management in 2004, presented in accordance with the
recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARs | |
|
|
Fixed Annual | |
|
Annual | |
|
Gains from | |
|
|
|
Granted | |
Name |
|
Compensation | |
|
Bonus | |
|
exercising SARs(1) | |
|
Total | |
|
in 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
(No. of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARs) | |
Dr. Wulf H. Bernotat
|
|
|
1,025,000 |
|
|
|
2,100,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
3,125,000 |
|
|
|
95,339 |
|
Dr. Burckhard Bergmann
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,050,000 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Hans Michael Gaul
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
109,935 |
|
|
|
2,159,935 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Manfred Krüper
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,050,000 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Erhard Schipporeit
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
107,800 |
|
|
|
2,157,800 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Johannes Teyssen
|
|
|
530,000 |
|
|
|
1,100,000 |
|
|
|
100,200 |
|
|
|
1,730,200 |
|
|
|
52,966 |
|
Other compensation(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
503,962 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,155,000 |
|
|
|
8,800,000 |
|
|
|
317,935 |
|
|
|
13,776,897 |
|
|
|
402,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The amount paid to Board of Management members upon exercise of
any SARs is the difference between the E.ON AG stock price at
the time of exercise and the E.ON AG stock price at the time the
SAR was issued, multiplied by the number of SARs exercised. |
|
(2) |
Other compensation in the aggregate amount of approximately
0.5 million
includes benefits in kind, certain compensation for duties
performed at affiliated companies and amounts relating to the
difference between the provisions for 2003 annual bonus
compensation and the subsequent final determination of such
compensation. |
In early 2004, members of the Board of Management received a
total of 402,541 SARs. These SARs were part of the sixth tranche
of the SAR plan. As of December 31, 2004, the SARs of the
various tranches had hypothetical exercise values between
4.11 and
24.95 per SAR.
For more information and a description of the SAR plan, see
Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Total payments to retired members of the Board of Management and
their beneficiaries were
6.1 million
in 2004.
0.8 million
of this amount relates to the exercise of SARs. Provisions of
83.5 million
have been provided for the pension obligations to retired
members of the Board of Management and their beneficiaries.
There were no loans to members of the Board of Management in the
2004 financial year.
E.ON has service agreements with the members of its Board of
Management. The individual compensation payable to members of
the Board of Management pursuant to such service agreements is
presented in the table appearing above in accordance with the
recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code. These
service agreements do not contain provisions for compensation
payments should a members employment be terminated prior
to expiration of the agreement or not be extended by the
Supervisory Board.
A member of the Board of Management is entitled to receive
pension payments following the end of his service in most cases,
including reaching retirement age (currently 60 (unless
extended)), disability, or the other termination of or failure
to extend such members service agreement. These pension
payments are not payable if a members service is
terminated at his own request or for good cause, though any such
termination does not have any effect on a members right to
benefits guaranteed by law, such as mandatory social security
benefits. The annual pension payment for members of the Board of
Management is generally equal to between 50 percent and
75 percent of the members last base salary and is
adjusted on an annual basis to reflect changes in the German
consumer price index. The annual pension of one member of the
Board of Management is instead set as a fixed amount, and
adjusted on an annual basis to reflect changes in the German
consumer price index plus an additional 0.7 percent per
year. A portion of the pension payments due to a member of the
Board of Management are payable to his family following the
members death. A members widow is entitled to
receive an annual payment equal to 60 percent of the amount
that would have been payable to the member for as long as she
lives, while the
177
members children who have not yet reached a specified age
are entitled to an aggregate annual payment equal to
20 percent of such amount.
In the special case of a change in control of E.ON AG, members
of the Board of Management are entitled to receive a payment
equal to a maximum of five years annual compensation upon
the satisfaction of certain conditions.
EMPLOYEES
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON had 69,710 employees. This
increase of 3.9 percent from year-end 2003 is mainly due to the
U.K. market units acquisition of Midlands Electricity. Of
the total number of employees, 52.9 percent were based in
Germany. The 69,710 employees at year-end 2004 do not include
apprentices and managing directors or board members. In
addition, E.ON employed 2,471 apprentices with limited contracts
in Germany at year-end 2004. The following table sets forth
information about the number of employees of E.ON as of
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employees at | |
|
Employees at | |
|
Employees at | |
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
December 31, 2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Total | |
|
Germany | |
|
Foreign | |
|
Total | |
|
Germany | |
|
Foreign | |
|
Total | |
|
Germany | |
|
Foreign | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Central Europe
|
|
|
36,811 |
|
|
|
29,208 |
|
|
|
7,603 |
|
|
|
36,576 |
|
|
|
28,611 |
|
|
|
7,965 |
|
|
|
35,062 |
|
|
|
29,604 |
|
|
|
5,458 |
|
Pan-European Gas
|
|
|
11,520 |
|
|
|
5,698 |
|
|
|
5,822 |
|
|
|
11,686 |
|
|
|
6,188 |
|
|
|
5,498 |
|
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
|
|
|
U.K.
|
|
|
10,397 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
10,391 |
|
|
|
6,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,541 |
|
|
|
7,439 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,439 |
|
Nordic
|
|
|
5,530 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5,528 |
|
|
|
6,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,294 |
|
|
|
5,665 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,665 |
|
U.S. Midwest
|
|
|
3,437 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3,436 |
|
|
|
3,521 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,521 |
|
|
|
3,578 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,578 |
|
Corporate Center
|
|
|
420 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
558 |
|
|
|
370 |
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core Energy Business
|
|
|
68,115 |
|
|
|
35,318 |
|
|
|
32,797 |
|
|
|
65,215 |
|
|
|
35,189 |
|
|
|
30,026 |
|
|
|
53,398 |
|
|
|
31,070 |
|
|
|
22,328 |
|
|
Other Activities(1)
|
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,573 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
1,887 |
|
|
|
1,861 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
47,938 |
|
|
|
28,643 |
|
|
|
19,295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
69,710 |
|
|
|
36,891 |
|
|
|
32,819 |
|
|
|
67,102 |
|
|
|
37,050 |
|
|
|
30,052 |
|
|
|
101,336 |
|
|
|
59,713 |
|
|
|
41,623 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes Viterra and, for year ended December 31, 2002,
Degussa. |
Personnel expenses totaled
4.7 billion
in 2004 compared with
4.9 billion
in 2003. This decrease of 4.1 percent primarily reflected
the deconsolidation of Degussa as of February 1, 2003, the
effect of which was partially offset by personnel expenses at
newly acquired businesses.
Many of the Groups employees are members of labor unions.
Almost all of the union members in Germany belong to the
national chemicals/mining/energy and the united services unions.
None of E.ONs facilities in Germany is operated on a
closed shop basis. In Germany, employment agreements
for blue collar workers and for white collar employees below
management level are generally collectively negotiated between
the regional association of the companies within a particular
industry and the respective unions. In addition, under German
law, works councils comprised of both blue collar and white
collar employees participate in determining company policy with
regard to certain compensation matters, work hours and hiring
policy. Management believes its relations with the German trade
unions may be characterized as constructive and cooperative.
E.ON U.K.s organizational structure comprises a number of
businesses which are supported by a common services business and
central functional teams, including finance, legal and human
resources services. E.ON U.K. has in place a company level
framework for collective bargaining that has been jointly agreed
with the five recognized trade unions. This framework provides
for arrangements for negotiation and consultation at the company
level and the individual business level. At company level, a
range of common standards is negotiated with the trade unions
for company-wide application. At the individual business level,
detailed negotiation of pay and other business-specific terms
and conditions is negotiated by business level employee forums.
These forums consist of representatives from management, trade
unions and employees and fulfill a consultative, as well as a
178
negotiating role. Since privatization, E.ON U.K. believes it has
maintained constructive relationships with its recognized unions.
In Sweden, approximately 80 percent of Sydkrafts
employees are members of various trade unions. Sydkraft adheres
to two main central collective labor agreements at the national
level, on the basis of which Sydkrafts corporate human
resources department and representatives from the different
trade unions have negotiated a framework for Sydkraft. Local
human resources departments and local trade union
representatives negotiate at the local level. Pursuant to
Swedish law, representatives of the unions are members of
Sydkrafts board of directors. According to Swedish law,
all issues that have an impact on the employees working
conditions must be negotiated with the trade unions. Many of the
Groups employees in Finland are also members of trade
unions. In Finland, union representatives are members of the
E.ON Finland management group, not the board of directors. In
Finland, the collective labor agreement, also called the
Agreement of Income Policy, in force is determined on the
national level or on a union level between the relevant trade
unions and employers association. Local agreements are
negotiated between the company chief executive officer, the
human resources manager and representatives of the relevant
trade unions on the basis of this general agreement. Management
believes its relations with the Swedish and Finnish trade unions
may be characterized as constructive and cooperative.
The employees of LG&E Energy who are members of labor unions
belong to local units of the International Brotherhood of
Electrical Workers (IBEW) and The United
Steelworkers of America. Most of these union employees are
involved in operational and maintenance work in power generation
and distribution operations. The majority of LG&E
Energys employees are not union members. In the United
States, Collective Bargaining Agreements (CBA) are
negotiated between the local management (i.e., LG&E,
KU and WKE) and local union representatives. Each CBA generally
has a term of three to four years and includes no strike or lock
out clauses during the term of the agreement. While LG&E
Energy had an adversarial relationship in the past with the
IBEW, its primary union, management believes relations have
significantly improved and may now be characterized as
cooperative.
Pursuant to EU requirements, E.ON also established a European
works council in 1996 that is responsible for cross-border
issues. The Company believes that it has satisfactory relations
with its works councils and unions and therefore anticipates
reaching new agreements with its labor unions on satisfactory
terms as the existing agreements expire. There can be no
assurance, however, that new agreements will be reached without
a work stoppage or strike or on terms satisfactory to the
Company. A prolonged work stoppage or strike at any of its major
facilities could have a material adverse effect on the
Companys results of operations. The Group has not
experienced any material strikes during the last ten years.
Since 1984, E.ON has had an employee share purchase program
under which employees may purchase Ordinary Shares at a discount
to the extent provided under German tax laws (according to
Section 19a of the German Income Tax Law, in 2004 employees
were eligible for a total discount per employee of
135). In 2004,
14,862 employees purchased 211,815 Ordinary Shares under this
program.
Since 2003, Powergen operates an Inland Revenue-approved share
incentive plan that allows employees to buy Ordinary Shares of
E.ON AG out of their pre-tax salary (partnership
shares) and receive additional shares for every
partnership share purchased (matching shares). In
2004, 4,376 Powergen employees participated in the plan,
purchasing 94,550 partnership shares and receiving approximately
115,566 matching shares under the plan.
STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS
Since 1999, E.ON AG has run a SAR plan for key executives of the
Group. The purpose of this plan is to focus key executives on
long-term corporate growth. The SAR plan is based on the
performance of E.ON AGs Ordinary Shares. E.ON AG granted
approximately 2.6 million SARs to 356 top-level executives
worldwide in 2004, including members of the Board of Management,
as part of their compensation. See also
Compensation above.
For more information about this plan, see Note 9 of the
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
179
Item 7. Major Shareholders
and Related Party Transactions.
MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON AG had an aggregate number of
659,153,403 Ordinary Shares with no par value outstanding. Under
the Articles of Association, each Ordinary Share represents one
vote.
Based on information available to E.ON, including filings with
the SEC, there were no shareholders who beneficially owned more
than 5 percent of the Ordinary Shares as of
December 31, 2004. Holders of voting securities of listed
German corporations (including E.ON) whose shareholding reaches,
passes or falls below certain thresholds are subject to certain
notification requirements under German law. These thresholds are
5, 10, 25, 50 and 75 percent of a companys voting
rights. For more information, see Item 10. Additional
Information Memorandum and Articles of
Association Disclosure of Shareholdings and
Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In addition, as of December 31, 2004 E.ON directly and
indirectly held a total of 32,846,597 of its own Ordinary Shares
in treasury stock, representing 4.7 percent of its share
capital. E.ON cannot vote these shares. For more information,
see Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Although E.ON is unable to determine the exact number of its
Ordinary Shares held in the United States, it believes that as
of December 31, 2004, approximately 19.7 percent of
its outstanding share capital was held in the United States, and
approximately 1.9 percent was held in the form of ADSs. For
more information, see Item 9. The Offer and
Listing General.
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
In the ordinary course of its business, E.ON enters into
transactions with numerous businesses, including firms in which
the Group holds ownership interests and those with which some of
E.ONs Supervisory Board members hold positions of
significant responsibility.
Allianz AG was a major shareholder of E.ON in 2002 and prior
years. Allianz AG provides the Group with insurance coverage in
the ordinary course of business for which it was paid reasonable
and customary fees. E.ON also has ongoing banking relations with
Deutsche Bank AG, previously a major shareholder, in the
ordinary course of business.
E.ON directly and indirectly holds a 39.2 percent interest
in RAG. In January 2002, E.ON and its wholly-owned subsidiary
E.ON Energie sold their respective 6.5 percent interests in
STEAG, a German independent power producer, to RAG. Proceeds
received for this 13 percent shareholding totaled
approximately
288 million
and E.ON realized a gain of
173 million
after elimination of intercompany profit. In February 2003, E.ON
sold 37.2 million of its shares in Degussa (approximately
18 percent of Degussas outstanding shares) to RAG for
1.4 billion.
Subsequent to this transaction, both E.ON and RAG held a
46.5 percent interest in Degussa. In the second step, E.ON
sold a further 3.6 percent of Degussa stock to RAG as of
May 31, 2004. Effective June 1, 2004, E.ON owns
42.9 percent of Degussa. E.ON and RAG operate Degussa under
joint control. For more information on these transactions, see
Item 4. Information on the Company
History and Development of the Company Ruhrgas
Acquisition, Item 5. Operating and Financial
Review and Prospects Overview and
Acquisitions and Dispositions.
From time to time E.ON may make loans to companies in which the
Group holds ownership interests. At year-end 2004, E.ON had
aggregate outstanding loans to companies in which the Group
holds ownership interests amounting to
899 million,
with the largest single such loan being to ONE
(469 million).
For information, see Note 30 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements.
For a discussion of off-balance sheet arrangements, see
Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.
180
Item 8. Financial
Information.
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
See Item 18. Financial Statements and pages F-1
to F-84.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various legal actions, including lawsuits for product liability
or for alleged price fixing agreements, governmental
investigations, proceedings and claims are pending or may be
instituted or asserted in the future against the Company. These
include two lawsuits pending in the United States against
subsidiaries of Ruhrgas Industries as well as arbitration
proceedings against subsidiaries of Degussa and against E.ON
Nordic. For more information on the E.ON Nordic arbitration
proceedings, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview
Nordic Overview. Since such litigation or
claims are subject to numerous uncertainties, their outcome
cannot be ascertained; however, in the opinion of management,
the outcome of these matters and those discussed in this section
will not have a material adverse effect upon the financial
condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
In the wake of the various corporate restructurings of the past
several years, shareholders have filed a number of claims
(Spruchstellenverfahren). The claims contest the adequacy
of share exchange ratios or cash settlements. The claims impact
E.ON Energie, certain E.ON Ruhrgas subsidiaries and the
Companys former AV Packaging unit, as well as the
VEBA-VIAG merger. In connection with the VEBA-VIAG merger,
certain shareholders of the former VIAG have filed claims with
the district court in Munich, contesting the adequacy of the
share exchange ratio used in the merger. The claims challenge in
particular the valuation used for VIAGs telecommunications
shareholdings, which were valued at the earnings value of the
businesses. The plaintiffs claim that a divestiture of these
shareholdings was anticipated, and therefore the holdings should
have been valued at fair market value as if sold as of the
merger date. Because the share exchange ratios and settlements
were determined by outside experts and reviewed by independent
auditors, E.ON believes that the exchange ratios and settlements
are correct.
On July 2, 2002, the EU Commission imposed a fine on
Degussa in the amount of
118 million
for violations of EU competition rules arising out of alleged
price fixing with respect to the feed additive methionin.
Degussa has initiated court proceedings with the aim of
challenging the fine. Although Degussas management
believes that its challenge is supported by the facts, the
outcome of the proceedings is uncertain, and no assurance can be
given that the fine will be overturned or reduced.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has requested that
the Company provide them with information for an investigation
focusing in particular on the preparation of its Annual Reports
on Form 20-F and financial statements for the years from
2000 through 2003, including, with respect to all or a portion
of such period, the accounting treatment and depreciation of its
power plant assets, its accounting for and consolidation of
subsidiaries (Degussa and Viterra) and their shareholdings, the
nature of the services performed by its auditors, disclosures
with regard to its long-term commitments (including fuel
procurement contracts), and the process of such documents
preparation and conformity with U.S. GAAP. The Company is in
close contact with the SEC and has been cooperating fully with
the investigation. A similar request that also covers additional
items has been made to the Companys independent public
accountants.
For information about the conditions and obligations imposed on
E.ON in connection with the ministerial approval for E.ONs
acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas, see Item 4. Information
on the Company History and Development of the
Company Ruhrgas Acquisition.
For information about proceedings instituted by the German
Federal Cartel Office affecting E.ON Ruhrgas and certain of E.ON
Energies subsidiaries, see Item 3. Key
Information Risk Factors.
For information about the LG&E Energy electricity and gas
rate cases, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Regulatory Environment
U.S. Midwest.
181
E.ON maintains general liability insurance covering claims on a
worldwide basis with coverage limits and retention amounts which
management believes to be adequate and appropriate in light of
E.ONs businesses and the risks to which they are subject.
For a discussion of E.ON Energies nuclear accident
protection, see Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Central
Europe Power Generation.
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Supervisory Board and the Board of Management jointly
propose the Companys dividends based on E.ON AGs
unconsolidated financial statements. The dividends are
officially declared at the annual general meeting of
shareholders which is usually convened during the second quarter
of each year. The shareholders approve the dividends. Holders of
E.ONs Ordinary Shares on the date of the annual general
meeting of shareholders are entitled to receive the dividend,
less any amounts required to be withheld on account of taxes or
other governmental charges. See also Item 10.
Additional Information Taxation. Cash
dividends payable to holders of Ordinary Shares will be
distributed by HypoVereinsbank as paying agent from 2005
onwards. In Germany, the payment will be made to the
holders custodian bank or other institution holding the
shares for the shareholder which will credit the payment to the
shareholders account. For purposes of distribution in the
United States, the dividend will be paid to JPMorgan Chase Bank
N.A. as U.S. transfer agent. For ADS holders in the United
States, the payment will be converted from euros to U.S. dollars
unless the ADS holder instructs otherwise. The U.S. dollar
amounts of dividends may be affected by fluctuations in exchange
rates. See Item 3. Key Information
Exchange Rates.
E.ON AG expects to continue to pay dividends, although there can
be no assurance as to the particular amounts that may be paid
from year to year. The payment of future dividends will depend
upon E.ONs earnings, financial condition (including its
cash needs), future earnings prospects and other factors.
See also Item 3. Key Information
Dividends.
SIGNIFICANT CHANGES
For information about significant changes following
December 31, 2004, see Item 4. Information on
the Company History and Development of the
Company.
Item 9. The Offer and
Listing.
GENERAL
The principal trading market for the Ordinary Shares is the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange together with XETRA, as described
below. The Ordinary Shares are also traded on the other German
stock exchanges in Berlin-Bremen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg,
Hanover, Munich and Stuttgart. Options on Ordinary Shares are
traded on the German derivatives exchange (Eurex
Deutschland). E.ON believes that as of December 2004, it had
close to 478,000 stockholders worldwide.
ADSs, each representing one Ordinary Share with a pro rata
amount of the registered capital of E.ON AG calculated on a
2.60
share-equivalent basis, are listed on the NYSE and traded under
the symbol EON. The depositary for the ADSs is
JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A.
182
TRADING ON THE NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high
and low closing sales prices for the ADSs on the NYSE, as
reported on the NYSE Composite Tape.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price per ADS ($) | |
|
|
| |
|
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
2000
|
|
|
603/8 |
|
|
|
405/8 |
|
2001(1)
|
|
|
60.50 |
|
|
|
42.03 |
|
2002
|
|
|
58.02 |
|
|
|
39.80 |
|
2003
|
|
|
65.44 |
|
|
|
38.52 |
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
45.36 |
|
|
|
38.52 |
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
52.46 |
|
|
|
41.40 |
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
53.38 |
|
|
|
48.80 |
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
65.44 |
|
|
|
48.75 |
|
2004
|
|
|
91.15 |
|
|
|
61.72 |
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
68.95 |
|
|
|
61.72 |
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
72.54 |
|
|
|
63.15 |
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
75.17 |
|
|
|
69.22 |
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
91.15 |
|
|
|
73.90 |
|
|
September
|
|
|
73.97 |
|
|
|
70.57 |
|
|
October
|
|
|
81.55 |
|
|
|
73.90 |
|
|
November
|
|
|
86.26 |
|
|
|
81.74 |
|
|
December
|
|
|
91.15 |
|
|
|
84.50 |
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January
|
|
|
90.01 |
|
|
|
85.85 |
|
|
February
|
|
|
93.02 |
|
|
|
89.15 |
|
|
|
(1) |
On January 29, 2001, the NYSE started trading all listed
issues in decimals instead of fractions. |
On March 7, 2005, the closing sale price per ADS on the
NYSE as reported on the NYSE Composite Tape was $90.75.
TRADING ON THE FRANKFURT STOCK EXCHANGE
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange is by far the most significant of
the seven German stock exchanges. By the end of December 2004,
it accounted for approximately 90 percent of the total
securities orderbook turnover in Germany. As of the end of 2004,
the equity securities of 6,209 corporations, including
5,393 foreign corporations, were traded on the Frankfurt
Stock Exchange.
The Exchange Council of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
(Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) approved a new
segmentation of the Exchanges equity markets on
November 19, 2002, with the goal of increasing
transparency, liquidity and integrity. The new structure, which
took effect on January 1, 2003, consists of the Prime
Standard Segment and the General Standard Segment.
The Prime Standard segment is designed for companies that wish
to target international investors. Accordingly, Prime Standard
companies are required to meet transparency criteria over and
above those required for General Standard companies. These
criteria, which are based on international practice, include:
|
|
|
|
|
Quarterly reporting; |
|
|
|
Application of international accounting standards (either IAS or
U.S. GAAP); |
183
|
|
|
|
|
Publication of a financial calendar listing the most important
corporate events; |
|
|
|
At least one analysts conference per year; and |
|
|
|
Provision of English language versions of all current reports
and ad-hoc disclosures required under the German Securities
Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz, or Securities
Trading Act). |
Issuers are admitted to the Prime Standard segment upon
application, subject to approval by the Admission Board of the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange. E.ONs Ordinary Shares have been
admitted to the Prime Standard segment.
Prices are continuously quoted on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
floor each business day between 9:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Central
European Time (CET) and on XETRA between 9:00 a.m.
and 5:30 p.m. CET for E.ON Ordinary Shares, as well as for other
actively traded shares. The Frankfurt Stock Exchange publishes a
daily official list (Orderbuchstatistik) which includes
the volume of recorded transactions in the shares comprising the
Deutsche Aktienindex or DAX 30 Index (a performance
index comprising the shares of the 30 largest German
companies included in the Prime Standard, of which E.ON is one,
and the key benchmark of trading on the Frankfurt Stock
Exchange), together with the prices of the highest and lowest
recorded trades of the day. The list reflects price and volume
information for trades completed by members on the floor during
the day as well as for interdealer trades completed off the
floor.
XETRA (Exchange Electronic Trading System) is a
computerized trading platform that can be accessed by all market
participants regardless of their geographical location. It is
administered by Deutsche Börse AG and integrated into the
Frankfurt Stock Exchange, and is subject to the Exchanges
rules and regulations. Unlike exchange floor-trading, electronic
order processing makes it possible for orders to be entered in
the system and matched up to the end of the trading day. All of
the equity securities listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange are
traded on XETRA.
The market supervisory committee of each German stock exchange
is responsible for maintaining market transparency and
regulating price determination and stock market pricing in
general. The market supervisory committee is made up of the
German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (Bundesanstalt
für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht, or
BAFin), the local state stock market supervisory
authority and the stock market internal trading supervision and
monitoring body. The Frankfurt Stock Exchanges internal
supervisory body is independently responsible for ensuring
correct trading and order processing on the market, with the
goal of enhancing the protection provided to investors and
improving the overall integrity of the market.
The Frankfurt Stock Exchanges market supervision committee
also includes representatives of the Hessian State Ministry for
Economic Affairs, Transport and State Development and the BAFin.
The local state supervisory authority is responsible for
ensuring that stock exchange regulations and directives
governing stock exchange operations and the correct processing
of stock exchange business are observed. The BAFin is
responsible for the detection of insider trading and enforcement
of regulations relating to insider trading and ensuring
transparency, and cooperates at the international level with
other stock market supervisory authorities from outside of
Germany.
The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high
and low closing sales prices (Schlusskurse) for the
Ordinary Shares on XETRA, as reported by the Frankfurt Stock
Exchange, together with the highs and lows of the DAX 30
Index.
184
See the discussion under Item 3. Key
Information Exchange Rates for rates of
exchange between the dollar and the euro applicable during the
periods set forth below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price Per | |
|
|
|
|
Ordinary Share | |
|
DAX 30 Index(1) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
High | |
|
Low | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
() | |
|
( in thousands) | |
2000
|
|
|
66.55 |
|
|
|
41.01 |
|
|
|
8,064.97 |
|
|
|
6,200.71 |
|
2001
|
|
|
64.50 |
|
|
|
64.91 |
|
|
|
6,795.14 |
|
|
|
3,787.23 |
|
2002
|
|
|
59.97 |
|
|
|
38.16 |
|
|
|
5,462.55 |
|
|
|
2,597.88 |
|
2003
|
|
|
51.74 |
|
|
|
34.67 |
|
|
|
3,965.16 |
|
|
|
2,202.96 |
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
42.90 |
|
|
|
34.67 |
|
|
|
3,157.25 |
|
|
|
2,202.96 |
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
44.77 |
|
|
|
38.01 |
|
|
|
3,304.15 |
|
|
|
2,450.19 |
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
47.72 |
|
|
|
41.90 |
|
|
|
3,668.67 |
|
|
|
3,146.55 |
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
51.74 |
|
|
|
41.67 |
|
|
|
3,965.16 |
|
|
|
3,276.64 |
|
2004
|
|
|
67.06 |
|
|
|
49.27 |
|
|
|
4,261.79 |
|
|
|
3,646.99 |
|
First Quarter
|
|
|
56.16 |
|
|
|
49.27 |
|
|
|
4,151.83 |
|
|
|
3,726.07 |
|
Second Quarter
|
|
|
59.63 |
|
|
|
53.45 |
|
|
|
4,134.10 |
|
|
|
3,754.37 |
|
Third Quarter
|
|
|
60.83 |
|
|
|
56.85 |
|
|
|
4,035.02 |
|
|
|
3,646.99 |
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
|
67.06 |
|
|
|
60.05 |
|
|
|
4,261.79 |
|
|
|
3,854.41 |
|
|
September
|
|
|
59.67 |
|
|
|
57.80 |
|
|
|
3,991.02 |
|
|
|
3,817.62 |
|
|
October
|
|
|
63.78 |
|
|
|
60.05 |
|
|
|
4,049.66 |
|
|
|
3,854.41 |
|
|
November
|
|
|
65.12 |
|
|
|
63.11 |
|
|
|
4,183.41 |
|
|
|
4,012.64 |
|
|
December
|
|
|
67.06 |
|
|
|
63.19 |
|
|
|
4,261.79 |
|
|
|
4,150.41 |
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January
|
|
|
68.72 |
|
|
|
65.82 |
|
|
|
4,316.40 |
|
|
|
4,201.81 |
|
|
February
|
|
|
71.70 |
|
|
|
67.27 |
|
|
|
4,402.03 |
|
|
|
4,279.97 |
|
|
|
(1) |
The DAX 30 Index is a continuously updated, capital-weighted
performance index of 30 German blue chip companies. E.ON
represented approximately 9.99 percent of the DAX 30
Index as of March 7, 2005. In principle, the shares
included in the DAX 30 Index were selected on the basis of
their stock exchange turnover and their market capitalization.
Adjustments of the DAX 30 Index are made for capital
changes, subscription rights and dividends. |
On March 7, 2005, the closing sale price per Ordinary Share
on XETRA, as reported by the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, was
68.83,
equivalent to $90.91 per Ordinary Share, translated at the euro
Foreign Exchange Rate as published on Reuters page EUROFX/1 on
such date.
|
|
Item 10. |
Additional Information. |
MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
|
|
|
Organization, Register and Entry Number |
E.ON AG is a stock corporation organized under the laws of the
Federal Republic of Germany. It is entered in the Commercial
Register maintained by the local court of Düsseldorf,
Germany, under the entry number HRB 22315.
The purposes of the Company, described in Section 2 of E.ON
AGs Articles of Association (Satzung), are the
supply of energy (primarily electricity and gas) and water as
well as the provision of disposal services. The
185
Companys activities may encompass generation and/or
production, transmission and/or transport, purchasing, selling
and trading. Plants of all kinds may be built, purchased and
operated; services and cooperations of all kinds may be
performed.
Furthermore, the Company is entitled to run businesses in the
chemicals sector, primarily in the special and constructional
chemistry areas, as well as in the real estate industry and
telecommunications sector.
Further, its Articles of Association authorize E.ON AG to
conduct business itself or through subsidiaries or associated
companies in these or related areas. The Company is entitled to
take all actions and measures related to its purpose or suited
to serve its purpose, directly or indirectly.
E.ON may also establish and purchase other companies, and may
acquire shareholdings in other companies, particularly companies
active, in whole or in part, in the business areas set forth
above. The Articles of Association further authorize E.ON to
acquire interests in companies of all kinds with the primary
objective of investing financial resources, regardless of
whether the company operates within one of E.ONs stated
business sectors.
German stock corporations are governed by three separate bodies:
the annual general meeting of shareholders, the supervisory
board and the board of management. Their roles are defined by
German law and by the corporations articles of
association, and may be described generally as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
The annual general meeting of shareholders ratifies the
actions of the corporations supervisory board and board of
management. It decides, among other things, on the amount of the
annual dividend, the appointment of an independent auditor and
certain significant corporate transactions. In corporations with
more than 2,000 employees, shareholders and employees elect
or appoint an equal number of representatives to the supervisory
board. The annual general meeting must be held within the first
eight months of each fiscal year. |
|
|
|
The supervisory board appoints and removes the members of
the board of management and oversees the management of the
corporation. Although prior approval of the supervisory board
may be required in connection with certain significant matters,
the law prohibits the supervisory board from making management
decisions. |
|
|
|
The board of management manages the corporations
business and represents it in dealings with third parties. The
board of management submits regular reports to the supervisory
board about the corporations operations and business
strategies, and prepares special reports upon request. A person
may not serve on the board of management and the supervisory
board of a corporation at the same time. |
In February 2002, a government commission appointed by the
German Minister of Justice presented the new German Corporate
Governance Code (Deutscher Corporate Governance Kodex,
the Code), which is described in more detail
below. A new Transparency and Publicity Act (Transparenz- und
Publizitätsgesetz) came into effect in July 2002. A new
Article 161 was also added to the Stock Corporation Act,
stipulating that the board of management and supervisory board
of German listed companies shall declare once a year that the
recommendations of the Code have been and are being complied
with, or identify which of the Codes recommendations have
not been or are not being applied. E.ON has submitted this
declaration each year since 2002 as required. For more
information, see Significant Differences in
Corporate Governance Practices for Purposes of
Section 303A.11 of the New York Stock Exchange Listed
Company Manual (the NYSE Manual) below.
E.ON has always welcomed the creation of uniform corporate
governance standards. E.ON believes that the Code will make the
German system of corporate governance more transparent and
promote the trust of international and national investors and
the general public in the management and supervision of German
listed companies. Taking the Code as a basis, in 2002 E.ON
reviewed its internal rules and procedures relating to
shareholders meetings, the interaction between the Board
of Management and the Supervisory Board and the transparency of
its financial reporting, as well as the Companys
procedures for accounting and auditing. E.ON concluded from this
review that the Company had already been following a majority of
the Codes recommenda-
186
tions for some time before the Code was published, reflecting
E.ONs value-oriented corporate governance principles and
capital markets-oriented accounting and reporting policies. In
order to promote the transparency and efficiency of the
Supervisory Boards activities, rules of procedure for the
Supervisory Board were adopted on December 19, 2002 and it
was decided to set up an audit committee, as well as a finance
and investment committee, in addition to the already existing
committees.
Cooperation between the Board of Management and the
Supervisory Board. The E.ON Board of Management manages the
business of the Company, with all its members bearing joint
responsibility for its decisions, in accordance with German law.
The Board of Management establishes the Companys
objectives, sets its fundamental strategic direction, and is
responsible for corporate policy and group organization. This
includes, in particular, the management of the group and its
financial resources, the development of its human resources
strategy, the appointment of persons to management posts within
the group and the development of its managerial staff, as well
as the presentation of the group to the capital markets and to
the public at large. In addition, the Board of Management is
responsible for coordinating and supervising the Groups
market units in accordance with the groups established
strategy.
The Board of Management regularly reports to the Supervisory
Board on a timely and comprehensive basis on all issues of
corporate planning, business development, risk assessment and
risk management. It also submits the Groups investment,
finance and personnel plan for the coming fiscal year (as well
as the medium-term plan) to the Supervisory Board for its
approval at the last meeting of each fiscal year.
The Chairperson of the Board of Management informs the
Chairperson of the Supervisory Board of important events that
are of fundamental significance in assessing the condition,
development and management of the Company and of any defects
that have arisen in the Companys monitoring systems
without undue delay. Transactions and measures requiring the
approval of the Supervisory Board are also submitted to the
Supervisory Board without delay.
Conflicts of Interest. In order to ensure that the
Supervisory Boards advice and oversight functions are
conducted on an independent basis, no more than two former
members of the Board of Management may be members of the
Supervisory Board. Supervisory Board members may also not hold a
corporate office or perform any advisory services for key
competitors of the Company. Supervisory Board members are
required to disclose any information concerning conflicts of
interest to the full Supervisory Board, particularly if the
conflict arises from their advising or holding a corporate
office with one of E.ONs customers, suppliers, creditors
or other business partners. The Supervisory Board is required to
report any conflicts of interest to the annual
shareholders meeting and to describe how the conflicts
have been handled. Any material conflict of interest of a
non-temporary nature will result in the termination of the
members appointment to the Supervisory Board. No conflicts
of interest involving any members of the Supervisory Board were
reported during 2004. In addition, any consulting or other
service agreements between the Company and a member of the
Supervisory Board require the prior consent of the full
Supervisory Board. No such agreements existed during 2004.
Members of the Board of Management are also required to promptly
report conflicts of interest to the Executive Committee of the
Supervisory Board and to the full Board of Management. Members
of the Board of Management may only assume other corporate
positions, particularly appointments to the supervisory boards
of non-Group companies, with the consent of the Executive
Committee. Any material transactions between the Company and
members of the Board of Management, their relatives or entities
with which they have close personal ties require the consent of
the Executive Committee, and all transactions must be conducted
on an arms length basis. No such transactions took place
during 2004.
The Supervisory Board Committees. The Supervisory Board
has 20 members and, in accordance with the German
Codetermination Act (Mitbestimmungsgesetz), is composed
of an equal number of shareholder and employee representatives.
It supervises the management of the Company and advises the
Board of Management. The Supervisory Board has formed the
following committees from among its members.
The Executive Committee consists of four members. It prepares
meetings of the Supervisory Board and advises the Board of
Management on matters of general policy relating to the
strategic development of the Company. In urgent cases
(i.e., if waiting for the prior approval of the
Supervisory Board would materially
187
prejudice the Company), the Executive Committee decides on
business transactions requiring prior approval by the
Supervisory Board. The Executive Committee also performs the
functions of a remuneration committee.
In particular, the Executive Committee prepares the Supervisory
Boards personnel decisions and deals with issues of
corporate governance. It reports to the Supervisory Board at
least once a year on the status, effectiveness and possible ways
of improving the Companys corporate governance and on new
requirements and developments in this field.
The Audit Committee consists of four members who have special
knowledge in the field of accounting or business administration.
The Company believes that two of the Audit Committees
members Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann and Ulrich
Hartmann meet all of the requirements for being
considered an audit committee financial expert
within the meaning of Section 407 of Sarbanes-Oxley and the
rules enacted thereunder, given their extensive experience in
accounting and auditing matters, including the application of
U.S. GAAP.
The Audit Committee deals in particular with issues relating to
the Companys accounting policies and risk management,
issues regarding the independence of the Companys external
auditors, the establishment of auditing priorities and
agreements on auditors fees, including E.ONs policy
for the approval of all audit and permissible non-audit services
performed by the Companys independent auditors. The Audit
Committee also prepares the Supervisory Boards decision on
the approval of the annual financial statements of E.ON AG
and the acceptance of the annual consolidated financial
statements. It also inspects the Companys Annual Report on
Form 20-F and its quarterly reports and discusses the
financial statements and the quarterly reports with the
Companys independent auditors. For additional information,
see Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and
Services.
The Audit Committee also prepares the proposal on the selection
of the Companys external auditors for the annual general
meeting of shareholders. In order to ensure the auditors
independence, the Audit Committee secures a statement from the
auditors proposed detailing any facts that could lead to the
firm being excluded for independence reasons or otherwise
conflicted. As a condition of their appointment, the external
auditors agree to promptly inform the chair of the Audit
Committee should any such facts arise during the course of the
audit. The auditors also agree to promptly inform the
Supervisory Board of anything arising during the course of their
audit that is of relevance to the Supervisory Boards
duties, and to inform the chair of the Audit Committee of, or to
note in their audit report, any facts determined during the
audit that contradict statements submitted by the Board of
Management or Supervisory Board in connection with the
requirements of the Code.
The Finance and Investment Committee consists of four members.
It advises the Board of Management on all issues of Group
financing and investment planning. It decides on behalf of the
Supervisory Board on the approval of the acquisition and
disposition of companies, company participations and parts of
companies, as well as on finance activities whose value exceeds
1 percent of the Groups equity, as listed in the
latest consolidated balance sheet. If the value of any such
transactions or activities exceeds 2.5 percent of this
equity, the Finance and Investment Committee will prepare the
Supervisory Boards decision on such matters.
Measures Relating to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. As a company
whose ADSs are listed on the NYSE, E.ON is subject to the
U.S. federal securities laws and the jurisdiction of the
U.S. securities regulator, the SEC. In particular, E.ON is
subject to the provisions of Sarbanes-Oxley. The aim of
Sarbanes-Oxley is to increase the monitoring, quality and
transparency of financial reporting in light of recent corporate
and accounting scandals in the United States, and its provisions
generally apply to both U.S. and non-U.S. issuers with
securities listed in the United States. E.ON has complied with
all of the Sarbanes-Oxley requirements currently applicable to
the Company. See Item 15. Controls and
Procedures, Item 16A. Audit Committee Financial
Expert, Item 16B. Code of Ethics,
Item 16C. Principal Accountant Fees and
Services, Item 16E. Purchases of Equity
Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers and the
certifications appearing as exhibits at the end of this annual
report. E.ON has instituted the following measures to improve
further the transparency of its corporate governance and
financial reporting:
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In addition to E.ONs general Code of Conduct for all
employees, the Company has developed a special Code of Ethics
for members of the Board of Management and senior financial
officers and published the |
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text on its corporate website at www.eon.com. Material appearing
on the website is not incorporated by reference in this annual
report. This code obliges these managers to make full,
appropriate, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure of
information both in the documents E.ON submits to the SEC and in
its other corporate publications. |
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In accordance with an SEC recommendation, E.ON has established a
Disclosure Committee that is responsible for ensuring that
effective procedures and control mechanisms for financial
reporting are in place and for providing a correct and timely
presentation of information to the financial markets. The
committee is comprised of seven members from various sectors of
E.ON AG who have a good overview of the Group and the
processing of information relating to the quarterly reports and
annual financial statements. |
The SEC has adopted rules under Section 404 of
Sarbanes-Oxley that will require management of a public company
to assess annually the effectiveness of the companys
internal control over financial reporting and to report its
assessment in the companys annual report. Under the
current rules applicable to E.ON, the first internal control
report will be required for the year ended December 31,
2006. To ensure compliance with these requirements, E.ON
launched a SOA 404 Readiness project in 2003
under the supervision of the Board of Management. The project
provides a standardized methodology to document, evaluate and
test relevant key controls, and to provide for the remediation
of control deficiencies. E.ON adopted the Internal
Control Integrated Framework published by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission
(the COSO framework) as a suitable framework to
evaluate the effectiveness of its internal controls. In 2004,
the project was rolled out to all market units and fully
consolidated non-core activities. By the end of 2004, the
project was implemented at all significant companies/locations
within the E.ON Group. The project covers all business
processes, including company-wide control standards, that have
an impact on the reliability of E.ONs financial reporting.
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Certain Provisions with Respect to Board Members |
As a member of the Supervisory Board or Board of Management, a
person is not permitted to vote on resolutions relating to
transactions between himself and the Company. Further, contracts
between members of the Supervisory Board and the Company require
consent of the entire Supervisory Board, unless the contract
establishes an employment relationship or relates to the
members services on the Board. Members of both Boards are
prohibited from voting on resolutions relating to the initiation
or settlement of litigation between themselves and the Company.
There are no age limit requirements for the retirement of Board
members. Compensation of Board of Management members is
determined by the Supervisory Board while compensation for the
Supervisory Board is stipulated in E.ON AGs Articles
of Association. For more information about E.ONs Board of
Management and Supervisory Board, see Item 6.
Directors, Senior Management and Employees.
The share capital of E.ON AG consists of Ordinary Shares
with no par value. Certain provisions with respect to the
Ordinary Shares under German law and E.ON AGs
Articles of Association may be summarized as follows:
Dividends. Dividends in respect of Ordinary Shares are
declared once a year at the annual general meeting of
shareholders. For each fiscal year, the Board of Management
approves E.ON AGs unconsolidated financial statements
and submits them together with a proposal regarding the
distribution of profits to the Supervisory Board for its
approval. After examining the financial statements and proposal
for profit distribution, the Supervisory Board presents a report
in writing at the annual general shareholders meeting. On
the basis of the Supervisory Boards report, the
shareholders vote on the Board of Managements proposal
regarding the disposition of all unappropriated profits,
including the amount of net profits to be distributed as a
dividend. E.ONs shareholders participate in the
distribution of dividends of the Company in proportion to their
ownership of the outstanding share capital. Prior to dissolution
of E.ON AG, the only amounts that may be distributed to
shareholders under the Stock Corporation Act are the
distributable profits (Bilanzgewinn).
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Notice of the dividends to be paid will be published in the
electronic form of the German Federal Official Gazette
(elektronischer Bundesanzeiger). For further information
regarding E.ON dividends, see Item 3. Key
Information Dividends and Item 8.
Financial Information Dividend Policy.
Voting Rights. Each Ordinary Share entitles its holder to
one vote. The members of the Supervisory Board are each elected
for the same fixed term of approximately five years; they are
not elected at staggered intervals. Cumulative voting is not
permitted under German law. E.ON AGs Articles of
Association require that resolutions of shareholders
meetings be adopted by a simple majority of votes and, in
certain circumstances, by a simple majority of the share capital
of the Company, unless a higher vote is required by German law.
Under German law, certain corporate actions require approval by
75 percent of the shares represented at the
shareholders meeting at which the matter is proposed. Such
actions include, among others:
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amending the articles of association to alter the objects and
purposes of the company; |
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increasing or reducing the share capital; |
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excluding preemptive rights of shareholders to subscribe for new
shares; |
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dissolving the corporation; |
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merging the corporation into, or consolidating the corporation
with, another company; |
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transferring all or virtually all of the corporations
assets; and |
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changing corporate form. |
Shareholder Rights in Liquidation. In accordance with
German law, in the event of liquidation, the assets of E.ON
remaining after discharge of its liabilities would be
distributed to its shareholders in proportion to their
shareholdings.
Redemption. Under German law, the share capital of
E.ON AG may be reduced by a shareholder resolution amending
the Articles of Association, passed by at least 75 percent
of the share capital represented at the shareholders
meeting. See Changes in Capital below.
Preemptive Rights. Pursuant to E.ON AGs Articles of
Association, the preemptive right (Bezugsrecht) of
shareholders to subscribe for any issue of additional shares in
proportion to their shareholdings in the existing capital may be
excluded under certain circumstances.
Due to the restrictions on the offer and sale of securities in
the United States under U.S. securities laws and
regulations, there can be no assurance that any offer of new
shares to existing shareholders on the basis of their preemptive
rights will be open to U.S. holders of ADSs or Ordinary
Shares.
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Changes in Rights of Shareholders |
Under German law, the rights of holders of E.ON shares may only
be changed by a shareholder resolution amending the Articles of
Association. The resolution must be passed by at least
75 percent of the share capital represented at the
shareholders meeting at which the issue was voted upon.
The annual general meeting of shareholders is convened by
E.ONs Board of Management or, when required by law, by its
Supervisory Board, and must be held during the first eight
months of the fiscal year. In addition, an extraordinary meeting
of the shareholders may be called by the Board of Management,
the Supervisory Board or shareholders owning in the aggregate at
least 5 percent of the Companys issued share capital.
There is no minimum quorum requirement for shareholder meetings.
Each shareholder may be represented by a proxy by means of a
written power of attorney. In Germany, non-institutional
shareholders typically deposit their shares with a German bank
(Depotbank). Such a bank may exercise the voting rights
in relation to the deposited shares only if authorized to do so
by a proxy of the shareholder. Such proxies are revocable at any
time. If a shareholder giving a proxy does not give the bank
instructions on how to exercise the voting rights, the bank will
exercise the voting rights in accordance with its own proposals
as previously communicated to the shareholder. Holders of
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ADSs may vote their shares by proxy by signing and returning the
proxy card mailed to them by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. (the
Depositary) in advance of the meeting. The
Depositary will, to the extent permitted by law, the Articles of
Association and the provisions of the ADSs, vote or cause to be
voted all ADSs for which it receives signed proxies by the
applicable record date.
At the annual general meeting, shareholders are called upon to
approve the distribution of Company profits, to ratify the
actions of the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board
taken during the prior year, and to appoint the Companys
auditors. When necessary, other matters shall be resolved at
shareholders meetings in accordance with the relevant
provisions of German law, including:
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election of members of the Supervisory Board (other than those
elected by the employees); |
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amendment of the Articles of Association; |
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measures to increase or reduce share capital; |
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mergers and similar transactions; and |
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resolutions regarding the dissolution of the Company. |
Notice of any shareholders meeting, including an agenda
describing items to be voted upon, shall be published in the
electronic form of the German Federal Official Gazette
(elektronischer Bundesanzeiger) and in one other major
daily German newspaper no later than one month before the
deadline for depositing shares as described below. Holders of
ADRs will be notified of any shareholders meeting by the
Depositary.
E.ON AGs Articles of Association set forth certain
requirements that shareholders must comply with in order to be
eligible to participate in, and vote at, any E.ON
shareholders meeting. Specifically, shareholders are
required to:
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deposit their shares or certificates of deposit for their shares
with a notary, collective security-deposit bank, or other agency
specified in the notice of the shareholders meeting; |
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make the deposit no later than the end of the day on the seventh
day prior to the scheduled meeting date; and |
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leave the shares or certificates of deposit with the depositary
until the completion of the shareholders meeting. |
If an E.ON shareholder deposits his shares with a notary, that
shareholder must submit to the Company confirmation of the
deposit no later than the day after the deadline for depositing
shares. With the consent of one of the depositaries mentioned
above, an E.ON shareholder may also be permitted to deposit his
shares with another financial institution in the
depositarys name and have the shares frozen until the end
of the shareholders meeting. If no share certificates have
been issued, E.ON AGs Articles of Association stipulate
that the Board of Management will determine any prerequisites
for shareholders participating in a shareholders meeting.
Pursuant to a shareholder resolution approved at the former VEBA
extraordinary shareholders meeting held on
February 10, 2000, the Company excluded share certification
in order to save the Company and its shareholders the high costs
of printing and distributing share certificates. The
shareholders right to share certificates and
profit-sharing coupons is thus excluded except as provided by
the rules governing stock exchanges on which the shares are
listed. E.ON has not issued and does not intend to issue share
certificates.
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Transparency and Corporate Reporting |
The Board of Management and Supervisory Board of E.ON AG place a
great deal of value on the transparency of corporate governance.
E.ONs shareholders, capital markets participants,
financial analysts, shareholder groups and the media are
regularly and promptly informed of the condition of, and any
material changes in, the Companys business. E.ON makes
particular use of the Internet in communicating with its
shareholders and the financial markets in general.
191
In particular, the Company produces the following financial
reporting materials on a regular basis:
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Quarterly reports; |
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Annual reports prepared in accordance with German law (in both
German and English); |
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The Annual Report on Form 20-F; |
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A press conference at the time of release of the German annual
report; and |
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Telephone conferences for analysts following the release of
quarterly or annual results, as well as other investor relations
presentations. |
The expected dates of issue for the Companys financial
reports are summarized in the financial calendar, which is
available on the Internet at www.eon.com. Material appearing on
the website is not incorporated by reference in this annual
report.
In addition to its regularly-scheduled financial reporting,
announcements of material events are published by the Company
through the German ad hoc disclosure system,
released to the press and submitted to the SEC on Form 6-K.
There are no limitations on the right to own Ordinary Shares,
including the right of non-resident or foreign owners to hold or
vote the Ordinary Shares, imposed by German law or the Articles
of Association of E.ON AG.
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Change of Control Provisions |
There are no provisions in E.ON AGs Articles of
Association that would have an effect of delaying, deferring or
preventing a change in control of E.ON and that would only
operate with respect to a merger, acquisition or corporate
restructuring involving it or any of its subsidiaries. German
law does not specifically regulate business combinations with
interested shareholders. However, general principles of German
law may restrict business combinations under certain
circumstances.
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Disclosure of Shareholdings |
E.ON AGs Articles of Association do not require
shareholders to disclose their shareholdings. The Securities
Trading Act which became effective on January 1, 1995
requires each investor whose investment in a German corporation
(including E.ON AG) listed on organized markets of a
German, European Union or European Economic Area stock exchange
reaches, passes or falls below 5 percent, 10 percent,
25 percent, 50 percent or 75 percent of the
voting rights of such corporation to notify such corporation and
BAFin promptly in writing, but in any event within seven
calendar days. Failure of a shareholder to notify the company
will, for so long as such failure continues, disqualify such
shareholder from exercising the voting rights attached to his
shares. In connection with this requirement, the Securities
Trading Act contains various rules designed to ensure the
attribution of shares to the person who has effective control
over the shares.
Additionally, the German Takeover Act (Wertpapiererwerbs- und
Übernahmegesetz) requires the publication of the
acquisition of control, which is defined as the
holding of at least 30 percent of the voting rights in a
target company, within seven days.
The Securities Trading Act also requires the reporting of
certain directors dealings. According to the Act, persons
discharging managerial responsibilities within a publicly-traded
issuer have to notify both the issuer and the German Federal
Financial Supervisory Authority about their transactions
relating to the issuers shares and derivatives or other
financial instruments linked to those shares. Certain persons
closely associated with these managers, for example spouses,
dependent children, or other relatives sharing the same
household, are under the same obligation. Similarly, the
reporting obligation also applies to legal entities, trusts and
partnerships that are managed or controlled by any such manager
or associated person, or that are set up for the benefit of such
a person, or whose economic interests are substantially
equivalent to those of such person. There is no notification
obligation until the total amount of transactions of a covered
manager and all his or her associated persons is at
192
least 5,000
during any calendar year. The issuer is obliged to publish all
notifications it receives on its website; E.ON made available
all such disclosure received during 2004 on its website.
Material appearing on the website is not incorporated by
reference in this annual report.
Under German law, share capital may be increased in
consideration of contributions in cash or in kind. To prepare
such capital increase, the company may establish authorized
capital (Genehmigtes Kapital) or conditional capital
(Bedingtes Kapital). Authorized capital provides a
companys board of management with the flexibility to issue
new shares for a period of up to five years. Conditional capital
allows the board of management to issue new shares for specified
purposes, including employee stock option plans, mergers and the
issuance of shares upon conversion of bonds with warrants and
convertible bonds. Capital increases and the establishment of
authorized or conditional capital require an amendment to the
articles of association approved by 75 percent of the
issued shares present at the shareholders meeting at which
the increase is proposed. The board of management must also
obtain the approval of the supervisory board before issuing new
shares. Likewise, the share capital may be reduced. This
requires shareholders authorization passed by at least
75 percent of the share capital represented at the
shareholders meeting. If those shares are to be canceled,
an additional resolution of the board of management approved by
the supervisory board to amend the articles of association to
take into account the reduction in share capital is required.
E.ON AGs Articles of Association do not contain
conditions regarding changes in the share capital that are more
stringent than German law requires.
Authorized and Conditional Capital. Subject to the
approval of the Supervisory Board, the Board of Management is
authorized:
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To increase the Companys capital stock by a maximum of
180,000,000
through the one-time or repeated issuance of new Ordinary Shares
in return for cash contributions until May 25, 2005. E.ON
shareholders have pre-emptive rights with respect to the
issuance of these authorized shares, though their rights may be
excluded by the Board of Management, subject to approval by the
Supervisory Board, under certain circumstances set forth in the
Articles of Association. |
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To increase the Companys capital stock by a maximum of
150,392,201
through the one-time or repeated issuance of new Ordinary Shares
in return for contributions in kind until May 25, 2005.
Subject to approval by the Supervisory Board, E.ON shareholders
have no pre-emptive rights with respect to these authorized
shares. |
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To increase the Companys capital stock by a maximum of
180,000,000
through the one-time or repeated issuance of new Ordinary Shares
in return for cash contributions until May 25, 2005. E.ON
shareholders generally have pre-emptive rights with respect to
the issuance of these authorized shares, though their rights may
be excluded by the Board of Management, subject to approval by
the Supervisory Board, under certain circumstances set forth in
the Articles of Association. |
Also pursuant to its Articles of Association, E.ONs
capital stock has been conditionally increased by up to
175,000,000.
This conditional increase may be implemented only to the extent
that holders of conversion rights or obligations or option
rights issued under a program authorized by the E.ON
shareholders on April 30, 2003 exercise their conversion or
option rights or to the extent that the increase is necessary
for the fulfillment of conversion obligations and no own shares
are used for servicing.
For more information regarding the Companys capital stock,
see Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Share Buyback. In 2002, E.ON purchased 241,523 Ordinary
Shares in the market and distributed 503,434 Ordinary Shares to
employees in connection with existing employee share purchase
plans. In 2003, E.ON purchased 969 Ordinary Shares in the market
and an additional 240,000 Ordinary Shares from a subsidiary and
distributed 244,796 Ordinary Shares from treasury stock to its
employees in connection with existing employee share purchase
plans. In 2004, E.ON purchased 212,135 Ordinary Shares in the
market and distributed 240,754 Ordinary Shares from treasury
stock to its employees in connection with existing plans, as
well as 320 Ordinary Shares to certain former shareholders of
Gelsenberg AG (Gelsenberg) as described in
Item 16E. Purchases of
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Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.
Pursuant to shareholder resolutions approved at the annual
general meeting of shareholders held on April 28, 2004, the
Board of Management is authorized to buy back up to
10 percent of E.ON AGs outstanding share capital
through October 28, 2005. For additional details on this
share buyback plan and the share repurchases in 2004, see
Item 16E. Purchases of Equity Securities by the
Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers. See also Note 17 of
the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Significant Differences in Corporate Governance Practices
for Purposes of Section 303A.11 of the New York Stock
Exchange Listed Company Manual (the NYSE
Manual)
Corporate governance principles for German stock corporations
(Aktiengesellschaften) are set forth in the Stock
Corporation Act, the Co-Determination Act and the German
Corporate Governance Code. E.ON believes the following to be the
significant differences between German corporate governance
practices, as E.ON has implemented them, and those applicable to
U.S. companies under NYSE listing standards, as set forth in
Section 303A of the NYSE Manual.
E.ONs Implementation of the German Corporate Governance
Code. The German Corporate Governance Code was released in
2002 by a commission comprised of German corporate governance
experts, including top managers of large German companies and
representatives of institutional and retail investors, academia,
the accounting profession and labor unions, that was appointed
by the German Federal Ministry of Justice in 2001. The Code has
been amended twice since its initial release, most recently in
May 2003. As a general rule, the Code will be reviewed annually
and amended if necessary to reflect international corporate
governance developments. The Code describes and summarizes the
basic mandatory statutory corporate governance principles found
in the Stock Corporation Act and other provisions of German law.
In addition, it contains supplemental recommendations and
suggestions for standards on responsible corporate governance
intended to reflect generally accepted best practice.
The Code addresses six core areas of corporate governance. These
are (i) shareholders and shareholders meetings,
(ii) the interaction between the board of management
(Vorstand) and the supervisory board
(Aufsichtsrat), (iii) the board of management,
(iv) the supervisory board, (v) transparency and
(vi) accounting and audits. Although these corporate
governance issues are similar to those covered by the NYSE
corporate governance guidelines and code of business conduct
that a U.S. company subject to the NYSE listing standards must
adopt and disclose, the Codes provisions as such are not
legally binding.
The Code contains three types of provisions. First, the Code
describes and summarizes the existing statutory, i.e.,
legally binding, corporate governance framework set forth in the
Stock Corporation Act and in other German laws. Those
laws and not the incomplete and abbreviated
summaries of them reflected in the Code must be
complied with. The second type of provisions are
recommendations. While these are not legally
binding, §161 of the Stock Corporation Act requires that a
German stock corporation listed on a stock exchange in the
European Union or European Economic Area must issue an annual
compliance report stating which of these Code recommendations,
if any, are not being applied. The third and final type of Code
provisions comprises suggestions which issuers may
choose not to adopt without making any related disclosure. The
Code contains a significant number of such suggestions, covering
almost all of the core areas of corporate governance it
addresses.
E.ON issued its annual compliance report for 2004 on
December 16, 2004. E.ONs report notes that it has
complied with all of the legally binding provisions of the Code,
as well as with all of its recommendations, other than those
relating to directors and officers insurance (the
Code recommends that such policies include a deductible,
E.ONs does not) and the disclosure of individual
compensation data for the members of the board of management and
supervisory board (E.ON will disclose such information on an
individual basis only from 2005 (covering fiscal 2004) onwards).
Neither of these points is expressly addressed by the NYSE
listing standards applicable to U.S. companies. A copy of the
complete compliance report is available on E.ONs website
at www.eon.com. Information appearing on the website is not
incorporated by reference into this annual report.
A German Stock Corporation is Required to Have a
Two-Tier Board System. A German stock corporation is
required by the Stock Corporation Act to have both a supervisory
board and a board of management. This contrasts with the unitary
board of directors envisaged by the relevant laws of all U.S.
states and the NYSE listing
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standards. Under the Stock Corporation Act, the two boards are
separate and no individual may be a member of both boards. Both
the members of the board of management and the members of the
supervisory board owe a duty of loyalty and care to the stock
corporation.
The board of management is responsible for managing the company
and representing the company in its dealings with third parties.
The board of management is also required to ensure appropriate
risk management within the corporation and to establish an
internal monitoring system. The members of the board of
management, including its chairman or speaker, are regarded as
equals and share collective responsibility for all management
decisions.
The supervisory board appoints and removes the members of the
board of management. Although it is not permitted to make
management decisions, the supervisory board has comprehensive
monitoring functions, including advising the company on a
regular basis and participating in decisions of fundamental
importance to the company. To ensure that these monitoring
functions are carried out properly, the board of management
must, among other things, regularly report to the supervisory
board with regard to current business operations and business
planning, including any deviation of actual developments from
concrete and material targets previously presented to the
supervisory board. Transactions of fundamental importance to the
stock corporation, such as major strategic decisions or other
actions that may have a fundamental impact on the companys
assets and liabilities, financial condition or results of
operations, are also subject to the consent of the supervisory
board. The supervisory board may also request special reports
from the board of management at any time.
The supervisory board of a large company like E.ON is subject to
the German principle of employee co-determination of
the companys fundamental business direction. Accordingly,
under the German Co-determination Act, E.ONs Supervisory
Board consists of representatives of the shareholders and
representatives of the employees. E.ONs employees have the
right to elect one-half of the total of 20 Supervisory Board
members. In addition, the Chairman of E.ONs Supervisory
Board is a shareholder representative who has the deciding vote
in the event of a tie.
The Committees Required by the NYSE Manual are Not Required
Under the Stock Corporation Act or the Code. The only
supervisory board committee required under German law is a
mediation committee, which is required in companies with more
than two thousand employees in Germany that are subject to the
principle of employee co-determination. This committees
function is to assist the supervisory board by making proposals
for board of management member nominees in the event that the
two-thirds majority of employee votes needed to appoint a board
of management member is not met. However, the Code contains the
recommendation that the supervisory board also establish one or
more committees with sufficiently qualified members. In
particular, it recommends establishing an audit
committee to handle issues of accounting and risk
management, auditor independence, the engagement and
compensation of outside auditors appointed by the
shareholders meeting and the determination of auditing
focal points. The Code suggests that the chairman of the audit
committee should not be the current chair of the supervisory
board or a former member of the board of management of the stock
corporation. The Code also includes suggestions on other
subjects that may be handled by committees, including corporate
strategy, compensation of the members of the board of
management, investments and financing. Under the Stock
Corporation Act, any supervisory board committee must regularly
report to the supervisory board.
E.ON has created a Finance and Investment Committee, an Audit
Committee and an Executive Committee. As a result of its listing
on the NYSE, E.ONs Audit Committee is required to comply
with the provisions of Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley
Act and Rule 10A-3 of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of
1934 (Rule 10A-3), which are also applicable to
U.S. companies. As a foreign private issuer, however, E.ON has
an extended compliance period for most of these rules, and must
comply by July 31, 2005. E.ON has chosen to comply with
these requirements in advance of their formal effective date,
and believes that its Audit Committee is in compliance with the
provisions of Rule 10A-3 applicable to foreign private
issuers. E.ON is also required to disclose information
concerning any audit committee financial expert (as
defined in the relevant SEC rules) serving on its Audit
Committee, the fees E.ON pays to its auditors for various
services and the policies E.ON has for approving engagements of
these auditors, and has done so in Item 16 of this annual
report.
E.ONs Audit Committee is Not Subject to All of the
Requirements the NYSE Manual Applies to U.S. Companies.
E.ONs Audit Committee is not subject to requirements
similar to those applied to
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U.S. companies under Section 303A.02 or
Section 303A.07 of the NYSE Manual. These requirements
include an affirmative determination that audit committee
members are independent according to stricter
criteria than those set forth in Rule 10A-3 as applicable
to foreign private issuers, the adoption of an annual
performance evaluation, and the review of an auditors
report describing internal quality-control issues and procedures
and all relationships between the auditor and the corporation.
The Code requires that the supervisory board and the audit
committee monitor the work of the independent auditors and
receive reports from the auditors on their activities. However,
these reporting requirements are not as detailed as those set
forth in Section 303A.07 of the NYSE Manual.
German corporate law does not require an affirmative
independence determination, meaning that the supervisory board
need not make affirmative findings that audit committee members
are independent. Nevertheless, both the Stock Corporation Act
and the Code contain several rules, recommendations and
suggestions to ensure the supervisory boards independent
advice and supervision of the board of management. Under the
Stock Corporation Act, advisory, service and certain other
contracts between a member of the supervisory board and the
company require the supervisory boards approval. A similar
requirement applies to loans granted by the stock corporation to
a supervisory board member or other persons, such as certain
members of the supervisory board members family. In
addition, the Code recommends that no more than two former
members of the board of management be members of the supervisory
board and that supervisory board members not exercise
directorships or accept advisory tasks for important competitors
of the stock corporation. Furthermore, the Code suggests that
the chairman of the audit committee should not be the current
chair of the supervisory board or a former member of the board
of management of the stock corporation, and E.ON has complied
with that suggestion.
The Code recommends that each member of the supervisory board
inform the supervisory board of any conflicts of interest which
may result from a consulting or directorship function with
clients, suppliers, lenders or other business partners of the
stock corporation. In the case of material conflicts of interest
or ongoing conflicts, the Code recommends that the mandate of
the supervisory board member be terminated. The Code further
recommends that any conflicts of interest that have occurred be
reported by the supervisory board at the annual
shareholders meeting, together with the action taken, and
that potential conflicts of interest be also taken into account
in the nomination process for the election of supervisory board
members.
Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Manual also imposes
independence requirements on members of audit committees of U.S.
companies that are more stringent than those set forth in
Rule 10A-3, requiring, for instance, that any director who
is an employee of an issuer will not be considered independent
until three years after the end of such employment relationship.
E.ONs Audit Committee, in accordance with the requirements
of the Co-Determination Act (and as permitted by
Rule 10A-3, as applicable to foreign private issuers),
includes two current employees, neither of whom is an executive
officer, as well as the former chairman of E.ONs Board of
Management, who retired from E.ONs Board of Management in
May 2003.
MATERIAL CONTRACTS
In May 2002, in connection with E.ONs acquisition of
Ruhrgas, E.ON reached a definitive agreement with RAG to acquire
RAGs more than 18 percent interest in Ruhrgas and to
sell E.ONs majority interest in Degussa to RAG. The
arrangement provides for joint control of Degussa by E.ON and
RAG. See also Item 4. Information on the
Company History and Development of the
Company Ruhrgas Acquisition. An English
translation of the Framework Agreement between RAG AG, RAG
Beteiligungs-GmbH, RAG Projektgesellschaft mbH and EBV
Aktiengesellschaft, and E.ON AG, Chemie Verwaltungs AG and
E.ON Vermögensanlage GmbH has been incorporated by
reference as an exhibit to this annual report.
EXCHANGE CONTROLS
At the present time, Germany does not restrict the movement of
capital between Germany and other countries or individuals
except Iraq, certain persons and entities associated with Osama
bin Laden, the Al-Qaida network and the Taliban and certain
other countries and individuals subject to embargoes in
accordance with German law and applicable resolutions adopted by
the United Nations and the EU. However, for statistical
196
purposes only, every individual or corporation residing in
Germany (a Resident) must report to the German
Central Bank (Deutsche Bundesbank), subject only to
certain immaterial exceptions, any payment received from or made
to or on account of an individual or a corporation resident
outside of Germany (a Non-resident) if such payment
exceeds 12,500
(or the equivalent in a foreign currency). In addition,
Residents must report any claims against or any liabilities
payable to Non-residents if such claims or liabilities, in the
aggregate, exceed
5 million
(or the equivalent in a foreign currency) at the end of any
month. Residents are also required to report annually any
shareholdings of 10 percent or more held in non-resident
corporations with total assets of more than
3 million,
and resident corporations with assets in excess of
3 million
must report annually any shareholdings of 10 percent or
more in the company held by a Non-resident.
TAXATION
The following is a summary of material U.S. federal income tax
and German tax considerations relating to the ownership of ADSs
or Ordinary Shares. The discussion is based on tax laws of the
United States and Germany as in effect on the date of this
annual report, including the Convention between the United
States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany for the
Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal
Evasion With Respect to Taxes on Income and Capital and to
Certain Other Taxes (the Income Tax Treaty), and the
Convention Between the United States of America and the Federal
Republic of Germany for the Avoidance of Double Taxation with
Respect to Taxes on Estates, Inheritances, and Gifts (the
Estate Tax Treaty). Such laws are subject to change.
The discussion is also based in part upon the representations of
the Depositary and assumes that each obligation in the Deposit
Agreement and any related agreement will be performed in
accordance with its terms.
The discussion is limited to a general description of certain
U.S. federal income and German tax consequences with respect to
ownership and disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares by a U.S.
Holder. In general, a U.S. Holder is any beneficial
owner of ADSs or Ordinary Shares (1) who is a resident of
the United States for the purposes of the Income Tax Treaty,
(2) who is not also a resident of the Federal Republic of
Germany for the purposes of the Income Tax Treaty, (3) who
owns the ADSs or Ordinary Shares as capital assets, (4) who
does not hold ADSs or Ordinary Shares as part of the business
property of a permanent establishment located in Germany or as
part of a fixed base of an individual located in Germany and
used for the performance of independent personal services, and
(5) who is entitled to benefits under the Income Tax Treaty
with respect to income and gain derived in connection with the
ADSs or Ordinary Shares. The discussion does not purport to be a
comprehensive description of all the tax considerations that may
be relevant to the ownership of ADSs or Ordinary Shares, and, in
particular, it does not address U.S. federal taxes other than
income tax and German taxes other than income tax, gift and
inheritance taxes. Moreover, the discussion does not consider
any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a
particular U.S. Holder, some of which (for example, tax-exempt
entities, persons that own, directly or indirectly,
10 percent or more of any class of the Companys
stock, holders subject to the alternative minimum tax,
securities broker-dealers and certain other financial
institutions, holders who hold the ADSs or Ordinary Shares in a
hedging transaction or as part of a straddle or conversion
transaction or holders whose functional currency is not the U.S.
dollar) may be subject to special rules.
Owners of ADSs or Ordinary Shares are strongly urged to consult
their tax advisers regarding the U.S. federal, state,
local, German and other tax consequences of owning and disposing
of ADSs or Ordinary Shares. In particular, owners of ADSs or
Ordinary Shares are urged to consult their tax advisers to
confirm their status as U.S. Holders and the consequence to them
if they do not so qualify.
In general, for U.S. federal income tax purposes and for
purposes of the Income Tax Treaty, holders of ADSs will be
treated as the owners of the Ordinary Shares represented by
those ADSs.
TAXATION OF GERMAN CORPORATIONS
Profits earned by a German resident corporation are subject to a
uniform corporate income tax rate of 25 percent. German
resident corporations are also subject to a solidarity surcharge
equal to 5.5 percent of their corporate income tax
liability. The aggregate corporate income tax and solidarity
surcharge amount to 26.375 percent. For a transition
period, the distribution of profits earned under the former
imputation system may
197
increase or decrease the corporate tax liability. In addition to
these taxes, profits of a German resident corporation are
subject to a municipal trade income tax. This tax is levied at
rates set by each municipality in which the corporation
maintains a business establishment. The municipal trade income
tax is an allowable deduction for corporate income and municipal
trade income tax purposes.
TAXATION OF DIVIDENDS
The Company is generally required to withhold tax on dividends
in an amount equal to 20 percent of the gross amount paid
to resident and non-resident stockholders. There is a
5.5 percent solidarity surcharge on the German withholding
tax on dividend distributions paid by the Company. The surcharge
amounts to 1.1 percent (5.5 percent ×
20 percent) of the gross dividend amount. This results in
an aggregate withholding rate of 21.1 percent. A full
refund of this surcharge and partial refund of the withholding
tax can be obtained by U.S. Holders under the Income Tax
Treaty. In the case of any U.S. Holder, other than a U.S.
corporation owning ADSs or Ordinary Shares representing at least
10 percent of the voting stock of the Company, the German
withholding tax is refunded to reduce such tax to
15 percent of the gross amount of the dividend.
The gross amount of dividends received by a U.S. Holder
(including the additional dividend associated with the treaty
refund and amounts withheld in respect of German withholding
tax) generally will be subject to U.S. federal income
taxation as foreign source dividend income, and will not be
eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed
to U.S. corporations. Subject to certain exceptions for
positions that are hedged or held for less than 61 days, an
individual U.S. Holder generally will be subject to
U.S. taxation at a maximum rate of 15 percent in
respect of dividends received before 2009 if the dividends are
qualified dividends. Dividends that the Company pays
will be treated as qualified dividends if (1) the Company
was not, in the year prior to the year in which the dividend was
paid, and is not, in the year in which the dividend is paid, a
passive foreign investment company (PFIC), and
(2) for dividends paid in the 2004 taxable year, was not a
foreign personal holding company (FPHC) or foreign
investment company (FIC) in 2003 or 2004. Based on
the Companys audited consolidated financial statements and
relevant market and shareholder data, the Company believes that
it was not treated as a PFIC, FPHC or FIC for U.S. federal
income tax purposes with respect to its 2003 or 2004 taxable
year. In addition, based on the Companys audited
consolidated financial statements and current expectations
regarding the value and nature of its assets, the sources and
nature of its income, and relevant market data, the Company does
not anticipate becoming a PFIC for its 2005 taxable year. German
withholding tax at the 15 percent rate provided under the
Income Tax Treaty will be treated as a foreign income tax that,
subject to applicable limitations under U.S. tax law, is
eligible for credit against a U.S. Holders
U.S. federal income tax liability or, at the holders
election, may be deducted in computing taxable income. Thus, for
a declared dividend of $100, a U.S. Holder would be deemed to
have paid German taxes of $15. Foreign tax credits may not be
allowed for withholding taxes imposed in respect of certain
short-term or hedged positions in securities. U.S. Holders
should consult their own advisers concerning the implications of
these rules in light of their particular circumstances.
Dividends paid in euros to a U.S. Holder of ADSs or Ordinary
Shares will be included in income in a dollar amount calculated
by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the
dividends are received by such holder (or, in the case of the
ADSs, by the Depositary). If dividends paid in euros are
converted into dollars on the date received, U.S. Holders
generally should not be required to recognize foreign currency
gain or loss in respect of the dividend income.
A U.S. Holder may be required to recognize domestic-source
foreign currency gain or loss on the receipt of a refund in
respect of German withholding tax to the extent the U.S. dollar
value of the refund differs from the U.S. dollar equivalent
of that amount on the date of receipt of the underlying dividend.
REFUND PROCEDURES
Individual claims for refund are made on a special German form,
which must be filed with the German tax authorities:
Bundesamt für Finanzen, 53221 Bonn, Germany. Copies
of the required form may be obtained from the German tax
authorities at the same address, or from the Embassy of the
Federal Republic of Germany, 4645 Reservoir Road N.W.,
Washington D.C. 20007-1998; alternatively, a download of the
required form can be
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found on the internet under www.bff-online.de/
Steuer Vordrucke/
KSt KapSt/
AntragErstattungKapE USA.pdf. Information
appearing on the website is not incorporated by reference into
this annual report.
As part of the individual refund claim, a U.S. Holder must
submit to the German tax authorities the original bank voucher
(or certified copy thereof) issued by the paying entity
documenting the tax withheld, and an official certification on
IRS Form 6166 of its last filed United States federal
income tax return. IRS Form 6166 may be obtained by filing
a request (generally IRS Form 8802) with the Internal
Revenue Service Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Foreign
Certificate Request, P.O. Box 16347, Philadelphia, PA
19114-0447. Requests for certification must include the
holders name, social security number or employer
identification number, tax return form number, and tax period
for which the certification is requested. The Internal Revenue
Service will send a certificate on IRS Form 6166 to the
U.S. Holder, which then must submit the certification with its
claim for refund.
Claims must be filed within four years of the end of the
calendar year in which the dividend was received.
Under a simplified refund procedure based on electronic data
exchange (Datenträgerverfahren), a broker which is
registered as a participant in the electronic data exchange
procedure with the Bundesamt für Finanzen may file a
collective refund claim on behalf of all of the
U.S. Holders for whom it holds ADSs or Ordinary Shares in
custody by sending the relevant data either on CD-ROM or
magnetic tape to the Bundesamt für Finanzen. The
electronic application must include the name, address and U.S.
tax identification number of each U.S Holder, as well as the
security identification number for the relevant security, the
day of the distribution, the gross dividend amount, the amount
of tax withheld and the amount of the refund. Unlike an
individual refund claim, a collective refund claim transmitted
by electronic data exchange need not include official
certifications on IRS Form 6166 or original bank vouchers
(or certified copies thereof) documenting the tax withheld. The
transmitted data may be used by the German tax authorities for
administrative exchange of information between Germany and the
United States.
The refund is assessed against and paid to the broker, which
will then pay the refund to the U.S. Holders for whom it is
acting. The Bundesamt für Finanzen is entitled to
review the U.S. Holders eligibility for a refund of
withholding tax under the Income Tax Treaty. In the event of a
review, the broker must establish the entitlement of its clients
to tax refunds by submitting to the Bundesamt für
Finanzen within a reasonable time the official
certifications on IRS Form 6166 of the last-filed
U.S. federal income tax returns and the original bank
vouchers (or certified copies thereof) issued by the paying
entity documenting the tax withheld.
Another simplified refund procedure applies if ADSs of a U.S.
Holder are registered with brokers participating in the
Depository Trust Company (DTC). Pursuant to
administrative procedures agreed between the German Federal
Ministry of Finance and the DTC, claims for refunds payable
under the Income Tax Treaty to such U.S. Holders may be
submitted to the German tax authorities by the DTC (or a
custodian as its designated agent) collectively on behalf of all
such U.S. Holders.
The DTC will prepare the German claim for refund forms for such
U.S. Holders of ADSs and file the combined claims with the
Bundesamt für Finanzen. It is not necessary to
submit any IRS Form 6166 or bank voucher at this stage of
the procedure.
The Bundesamt für Finanzen will issue refunds to the
DTC, which will issue corresponding refund checks to the
participating brokers. The Bundesamt für Finanzen is
entitled to conduct eligibility reviews, generally within a
period of four years. In the event of a review, the DTC will
receive a list of brokers who must establish the entitlement of
their clients to tax refunds by submitting to the Bundesamt
für Finanzen a list containing names and addresses of
the relevant holders of ADSs, and the official certifications on
IRS Form 6166 of the last-filed U.S. federal income tax
returns of such holders. Details of the collective refund
procedure will be available from the DTC.
A collective refund procedure will also be available to U.S.
Holders whose ADSs are not registered with brokers participating
in the DTC. Under this refund procedure, the U.S. transfer
agent will prepare the German claim for refund forms on behalf
of U.S. Holders and file them electronically with the
German tax authorities. In order for the U.S. transfer
agent to file the claim for refund forms, the U.S. transfer
agent will prepare and mail to these U.S. Holders, and the
U.S. Holders will be requested to sign and return to the
U.S. transfer agent, (1) a
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statement authorizing the U.S. transfer agent to perform
these procedures and agreeing that the German tax authorities
may inform the IRS of any refunds of German taxes and (2) a
written authorization to remit the refund of withholding to an
account other than that of the U.S. Holder. The
U.S. transfer agent will attach the signed statement and
the documentation issued by the paying agency documenting the
dividend paid and the tax withheld to the claim for refund form
and file them with the German tax authorities. U.S. Holders
should also request certification (IRS Form 6166) of their
last filed United States federal income tax return from the IRS
and have it ready for presentation to the U.S. transfer
agent upon request. This certification (IRS Form 6166) may
be requested from the U.S. Holder if the U.S. Holder
is selected as part of a verifying sample; if in this case, the
certification (IRS Form 6166) cannot be presented by the
U.S. Holder within a reasonable time, the refund of the
German withholding taxes will be denied.
Refunds under the Treaty are not available in respect of
Ordinary Shares or ADSs held in connection with a permanent
establishment or fixed base in Germany.
TAXATION OF CAPITAL GAINS
Under the Income Tax Treaty, a U.S. Holder will be
protected against German tax on capital gains realized or
accrued on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or Ordinary
Shares provided the assets of the Company do not consist and
have not consisted predominantly of immovable property situated
in Germany.
Upon a sale or other disposition of ADSs or Ordinary Shares, a
U.S. Holder will recognize gain or loss for
U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the
difference between the amount realized and the
U.S. Holders tax basis in the ADSs or Ordinary
Shares. Such gain or loss will generally be capital gain or
loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the
U.S. Holders holding period for the ADSs or Ordinary
Shares exceeds one year. The net amount of long-term capital
gain recognized by an individual U.S. Holder generally is
subject to taxation at a minimum rate of 15 percent for
gains recognized on or after May 6, 2003 and ending on or
before December 31, 2008. Deposits and withdrawals of
Ordinary Shares in exchange for ADSs will not result in
realization of gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax
purposes.
GIFT AND INHERITANCE TAXES
The Estate Tax Treaty provides that an individual whose domicile
is determined to be in the United States for purposes of such
Treaty will not be subject to German inheritance and gift tax
(the equivalent of the United States federal estate and gift
tax) on the individuals death or making of a gift unless
the ADSs or Ordinary Shares (1) are part of the business
property of a permanent establishment located in Germany or
(2) are part of the assets of a fixed base of an individual
located in Germany and used for the performance of independent
personal services. An individuals domicile in the United
States, however, does not prevent imposition of German
inheritance and gift tax with respect to an heir, donee, or
other beneficiary who either is or is deemed to be resident in
Germany at the time the individual died or the gift was made.
The Estate Tax Treaty also provides a credit against
U.S. federal estate and gift tax liability for the amount
of inheritance and gift tax paid to Germany, subject to certain
limitations, in a case where the ADSs or Ordinary Shares are
subject to German inheritance or gift tax and U.S. federal
estate or gift tax.
OTHER GERMAN TAXES
There are no German transfer, stamp or other similar taxes that
would apply to U.S. Holders who purchase or sell ADSs or
Ordinary Shares.
INFORMATION REPORTING AND BACKUP WITHHOLDING
Dividends on Ordinary Shares or ADSs, and payments of the
proceeds of a sale of Ordinary Shares or ADSs, paid within the
United States or through certain U.S.-related financial
intermediaries are subject to information reporting and may be
subject to backup withholding unless the holder (1) is a
corporation or other exempt recipient or (2) provides a
taxpayer identification number and certifies that no loss of
exemption from backup withholding has occurred. Holders that are
not U.S. persons generally are not subject to information
200
reporting or backup withholding. However, such a holder may be
required to provide a certification to establish its non-U.S.
status in connection with payments received within the United
States or through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries.
DOCUMENTS ON DISPLAY
E.ON AG is subject to the reporting requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In accordance with
these requirements, E.ON files reports and other information
with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These materials,
including this annual report and its exhibits, may be inspected
and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room at 450 Fifth
Street N.W., Washington D.C. 20549 and at the SECs
regional offices at 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400,
Chicago, Illinois 60661, and 233 Broadway, New York, New York
10279. Copies of materials may be obtained from the Public
Reference Room at prescribed rates. The public may obtain
information on the operation of the SECs Public Reference
Room by calling the SEC in the United States at 1-800-SEC-0330.
In addition, material filed by E.ON with the SEC may be
inspected at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange at 20
Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
Item 11. Quantitative and
Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in
Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
and in conjunction with Notes 28 and 29 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements, which provides a summarized
comparison of nominal values and fair values of financial
instruments used by the Company for risk management purposes and
other information relating to those instruments.
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Risk Identification and Analysis |
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to
foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, commodity price risk,
share price risk, and counterparty (or repayment) risk. These
risks create volatility in equity, earnings and cash flows from
period to period. The Company makes use of derivative
instruments generally in order to manage currency risk, interest
rate risk and commodity price risk. Foreign exchange and
interest rate derivatives held by the Company are used only for
hedging purposes. The market units of the core energy business
also engage in the trading of energy-related commodity
derivatives, subject to established guidelines for risk
management. See Commodity Price Risk
Management below and Item 4. Information on the
Company Business Overview Central
Europe Trading and
U.K. Energy Trading. In its hedging and
trading activities, the Company generally utilizes established
and widely-used derivative instruments for which significant
liquidity exists. The Companys comprehensive framework for
risk management includes general risk management guidelines for
the use and evaluation of derivative instruments that are in
place on all group levels of the Company.
As part of its risk management system, the Company utilizes
instruments such as interest rate swaps, interest rate/cross
currency swaps, interest rate options, foreign exchange forward
contracts, cross currency swaps, foreign exchange options,
commodity forwards, commodity swaps, commodity futures and
commodity options, seeking to reduce its risk exposure by
entering into offsetting market positions.
The following discussion of the Companys risk management
activities and the estimated amounts generated from
value-at-risk and sensitivity analyses are forward-looking
statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual
results could differ materially from those projected due to
actual developments in the global financial markets. The methods
used by the Company to analyze risks, as discussed below, should
not be considered projections of future events or losses. The
Company also faces risks that are either non-financial or
non-quantifiable. Such risks principally include country risk,
credit risk and legal risk, which are not represented in the
following analyses.
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Foreign Exchange and Interest Rate Risk Management
Principles |
The Companys Corporate Treasury, which is primarily
responsible for entering into derivative foreign exchange and
interest rate contracts for the Group and its companies, acts as
a service center for the Company and not as a profit center.
With E.ON AGs approval, individual Group companies may
also hedge their currency and interest rate risks directly with
third parties in exceptional cases.
In 2004, the Company implemented a new Group-wide treasury, risk
management and reporting system which incorporates all relevant
functions, including those of the Corporate Treasury, Back
Office and Financial Controlling units, so as to create a
systematic, integrated and constantly-updated financial risk
management system. This reporting system is designed to provide
for the systematic and consistent identification and analysis of
the Companys overall financial and market risks with
regard to liquidity, currencies and interest rates. The system
is also used to determine, analyze and monitor the
Companys short- and long-term financing and investment
requirements and market and counterparty risks arising from
short- and long-term deposits and hedging transactions.
The range of actions, responsibilities and financial reporting
procedures to be followed by each Group company are outlined in
detail in the Companys internal financial guidelines. The
individual subgroup headquarters have enacted their own
guidelines for financial risk management within the limits
established by the Groups financial guidelines. To ensure
efficient risk management at E.ON AG, the Corporate Treasury,
Back Office and Financial Controlling departments are organized
as strictly separate units. Standard software is employed in
processing relevant business transactions. The Financial
Controlling department is charged with providing continuous and
independent risk management. It prepares operational financial
plans, calculates market price and counterparty risks, and
evaluates financial transactions. The Financial Controlling
department reports to management at regular intervals on the
Groups liquidity, foreign exchange, interest rate and
commodity price market risks and counterparty risks. Those
subsidiaries that make use of external hedging transactions with
third parties have similar organizational and reporting
arrangements in place.
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Foreign Exchange Rate Risk Management |
Due to the international nature of certain of its business
activities, the Company is exposed to foreign exchange risk
related to sales, assets, receivables and liabilities
denominated in currencies other than the euro, net investments
in foreign operations and anticipated foreign exchange payments.
Of the Companys consolidated revenue in 2004, 2003 and
2002, approximately 35 percent, 34 percent and
36 percent, respectively, arose due to transactions with
customers which were not located in member states of the EMU,
and therefore exposed the Company to foreign exchange rate risk.
The Companys exposure results principally from
transactions in United States dollars, British pounds, Norwegian
krona and Swedish krona and from net investments in foreign
operations whose functional currencies are U.S. dollars,
British pounds and Swedish krona. As of December 31, 2004,
the Company had in place hedging transactions with respect to
each of these currencies.
In accordance with E.ONs hedging policy, macro-hedging
transactions relating to currency risks are generally completed
for periods of up to 36 months. Under certain circumstances
the hedging horizon is longer. Macro-hedging transactions
comprise a number of individual underlying transactions that
have been grouped together and hedged as an individual unit.
The principal derivative financial instruments used by E.ON to
cover foreign currency exposures are foreign exchange forward
contracts, cross currency swaps, interest rate cross currency
swaps and currency options. As of December 31, 2004, the
E.ON Group had entered into foreign exchange forward contracts
with a nominal value of
9.6 billion,
cross currency swaps with a nominal value of
18.7 billion,
interest rate cross currency swaps with a nominal volume of
0.5 billion
and currency options with a nominal value of
1.2 billion.
Market risks for foreign exchange derivatives consist of the
positive and negative changes in net asset value that result
from fluctuations of the relevant currencies on relevant
financial markets. The market values of derivative financial
instruments are calculated by comparing all relevant price
components of a transaction at the time of the deal with those
prevailing on the valuation date. The relevant parameters used
to calculate the potential change in market value are the
contract amount and the contractual forward-exchange rate. In
line with
202
international banking standards, market risk has been calculated
using the value-at-risk method on the basis of RiskMetrics data
and the Group-wide treasury, risk management and reporting
system. The value-at-risk is equal to the maximum
potential loss from derivative positions that could be realized
within the following business day, based on empirical standard
deviations using a confidence interval of 99 percent.
Correlations between individual instruments are considered
within the calculations; the risk of a portfolio is generally
lower than the sum of its individual risks.
The market risk analysis of the Companys foreign exchange
derivatives by transaction and maturity as of December 31,
2004 and December 31, 2003 is summarized in the following
table.
|
|
|
Total Volume of Foreign Currency Derivatives as of
December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Value- | |
|
Stress | |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Value- | |
|
Stress | |
|
|
Value | |
|
Value | |
|
at-Risk | |
|
Test | |
|
Value | |
|
Value | |
|
at-Risk | |
|
Test | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
FX forward transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy
|
|
|
4,238.2 |
|
|
|
(41.3 |
) |
|
|
11.0 |
|
|
|
33.0 |
|
|
|
2,149.5 |
|
|
|
(142.5 |
) |
|
|
12.8 |
|
|
|
38.4 |
|
|
Sell
|
|
|
5,328.6 |
|
|
|
134.2 |
|
|
|
11.8 |
|
|
|
35.4 |
|
|
|
4,789.8 |
|
|
|
174.6 |
|
|
|
17.3 |
|
|
|
51.9 |
|
FX currency options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy
|
|
|
782.7 |
|
|
|
46.7 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
425.4 |
|
|
|
14.6 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
Sell
|
|
|
422.2 |
|
|
|
(36.4 |
) |
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
17.5 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
10,771.7 |
|
|
|
103.2 |
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
|
7,382.2 |
|
|
|
46.7 |
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
|
|
22.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Remaining maturities)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cross currency swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
499.1 |
|
|
|
(7.0 |
) |
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
6.9 |
|
|
|
376.1 |
|
|
|
(25.1 |
) |
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
6.9 |
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
11,033.7 |
|
|
|
484.2 |
|
|
|
33.4 |
|
|
|
100.2 |
|
|
|
3,464.8 |
|
|
|
251.1 |
|
|
|
27.3 |
|
|
|
81.9 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
7,163.8 |
|
|
|
236.3 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
7,304.6 |
|
|
|
188.9 |
|
|
|
39.9 |
|
|
|
119.7 |
|
Interest rate/cross currency swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
102.3 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
51.1 |
|
|
|
(0.7 |
) |
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
125.0 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
227.3 |
|
|
|
17.4 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
297.4 |
|
|
|
(38.5 |
) |
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
|
|
297.4 |
|
|
|
(3.2 |
) |
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
15.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
19,221.3 |
|
|
|
688.5 |
|
|
|
44.9 |
|
|
|
134.7 |
|
|
|
11,721.3 |
|
|
|
428.4 |
|
|
|
60.1 |
|
|
|
180.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
29,993.0 |
|
|
|
791.7 |
|
|
|
44.6 |
|
|
|
133.8 |
|
|
|
19,103.5 |
|
|
|
475.1 |
|
|
|
66.5 |
|
|
|
199.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The market risk table shows the outstanding nominal values and
market values of foreign exchange derivatives as of the balance
sheet date before any economic hedging correlations are assigned
between hedging contracts on the one hand, and booked and
pending transactions or net foreign investments on the other
hand. In fact, all of the Groups foreign currency
derivatives are assigned to a balance sheet item, a pending
purchase or sales contract or an anticipated transaction.
As an additional means of monitoring market risks, including
those arising from cases of extreme market price fluctuations, a
stress test is performed on derivative positions at regular
intervals. In doing so, the market risk, as calculated using the
value-at-risk concept, is multiplied by a factor of three, in
line with the recommendation for the capital adequacy of banks
issued by the Bank for International Settlements
(BIS). The results of this stress test are included
in the above table.
The increase in the nominal value and market risk of foreign
exchange currency derivatives at December 31, 2004 compared
with year-end 2003 is primarily due to increased exposure at the
Pan-European Gas market unit, the impact of the decline in the
value of the U.S. dollar and new intra-Group loans in non-Euro
currencies that are fully hedged.
203
The value-at-risk amounts presented here disregard the
possibility that foreign exchange rates can move in the
Companys favor. The assumption within the value-at-risk
model is that all changes in foreign exchange rates are adverse.
It is highly unlikely that the Company would experience
continuous daily losses such as these over an extended period of
time.
|
|
|
Interest Rate Risk Management |
Several line items on the Groups balance sheet and
associated financial derivatives bear fixed interest rates, and
are therefore subject to changes in fair value resulting from
changes in market rates. The Company also faces a similar risk
with regard to balance sheet items and associated financial
derivatives bearing floating rates, as changes in interest rates
will affect the Companys cash flows. The Company seeks to
maintain a desired mix of floating-rate and fixed rate debt in
its overall debt portfolio. The Company uses interest rate swaps
and interest rate options to allow it to diversify its sources
of funding and to reduce the impact of interest rate volatility
on its financial condition.
Financial derivatives are also used to realize time congruent
hedging of interest rate risks. E.ONs policy provides that
macro-hedging transactions can be concluded for periods of up to
five years to cover interest rate risks. For micro-hedging
purposes, any adequate term is allowed for individual hedges of
foreign exchange and interest rates. However, where possible
with an adequate cost benefit ratio the Company applies hedge
accounting under SFAS 133 to its interest rate derivatives.
The principal derivative financial instruments used by E.ON to
cover interest rate risk exposures are interest rate swaps and
interest rate options. As of December 31, 2004, the E.ON
Group had entered into interest rate swaps with a nominal value
of
6.9 billion
and interest rate options with a nominal value of
0.7 billion.
Market risks for interest rate derivatives are calculated in the
same manner as those for foreign exchange instruments, as
discussed in detail under Foreign Exchange Rate
Risk Management above.
The market risk analysis of the Companys interest rate
derivatives by transaction and maturity as of December 31,
2004 and December 31, 2003 is summarized in the following
table.
|
|
|
Total Volume of Interest Rate Derivatives as of
December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Value- | |
|
Stress | |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Value- | |
|
Stress | |
|
|
Value | |
|
Value | |
|
at-Risk | |
|
Test | |
|
Value | |
|
Value | |
|
at-Risk | |
|
Test | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
(Remaining maturities) | |
Interest rate swaps
fixed-rate payer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
371.0 |
|
|
|
(5.4 |
) |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
315.1 |
|
|
|
(2.6 |
) |
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
2,092.5 |
|
|
|
(107.9 |
) |
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
9.3 |
|
|
|
1,567.5 |
|
|
|
(49.8 |
) |
|
|
10.8 |
|
|
|
32.4 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
373.3 |
|
|
|
(36.6 |
) |
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
1,283.9 |
|
|
|
(64.4 |
) |
|
|
11.8 |
|
|
|
35.4 |
|
|
fixed-rate receiver
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
23.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
47.6 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
3,914.0 |
|
|
|
100.6 |
|
|
|
10.4 |
|
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
|
99.7 |
|
|
|
8.9 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
147.0 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
1,450.1 |
|
|
|
83.7 |
|
|
|
12.5 |
|
|
|
37.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
6,921.1 |
|
|
|
(44.5 |
) |
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
20.1 |
|
|
|
4,763.9 |
|
|
|
(23.8 |
) |
|
|
11.6 |
|
|
|
34.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate options
Buy up to 1 year
|
|
|
554.6 |
|
|
|
(7.2 |
) |
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
220.3 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sell up to 1 year
|
|
|
110.9 |
|
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
220.3 |
|
|
|
(4.0 |
) |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
7.3 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
665.5 |
|
|
|
(9.2 |
) |
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
440.6 |
|
|
|
(3.9 |
) |
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
7,586.6 |
|
|
|
(53.7 |
) |
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
20.1 |
|
|
|
5,204.5 |
|
|
|
(27.7 |
) |
|
|
14.2 |
|
|
|
42.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
204
The market risk table shows the outstanding nominal values and
fair values of interest rate derivatives before any economic
hedging correlations are assigned between hedging contracts and
booked transactions. In fact, all of the Groups interest
rate derivatives are assigned to a balance sheet item.
The increase in the nominal value and market risk of interest
rate derivatives at December 31, 2004 compared with
year-end 2003 is primarily due to new interest rate swaps
entered into in order to reduce the effective maturity profile
of the financial liabilities portfolio.
A sensitivity analysis was performed on the Groups
interest bearing short- and long-term capital investments and
borrowings, including interest rate derivatives. The aggregate
hypothetical loss in fair value on all financial instruments and
derivative instruments that would have resulted from a 100
basis-point shift in the interest rate structure curve would
change the interest rate portfolios market value by
9 million
(2003:
811 million)
as of the balance sheet date. The market risk according to the
value-at-risk model amounted to
62 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
35 million).
|
|
|
Commodity Price Risk Management |
E.ON is also exposed to risks resulting from fluctuations in the
prices of commodities and raw materials. Hedging transactions
with respect to commodity-related risks of notable scope are now
conducted only by the market units.
The principal derivative financial instruments used by E.ON to
cover commodity price risk exposures are electricity, gas, coal
and oil swaps and forwards, electricity options and
exchange-traded electricity future and option contracts.
Derivative financial instruments are used by the market units of
the core energy business to hedge the impact of electricity,
gas, coal and oil price fluctuations and to enable the market
units to better make use of their own power generating
capacities and power and gas distribution and sales
capabilities. To a limited extent, proprietary trading is
conducted with the goal of improving operating results within
defined limits in specified markets. The proprietary trading
limits are established and monitored by a board independent from
the trading operations. Limits used on hedging and proprietary
trading activities mainly include value- and profit-at-risk
numbers, as well as volume, stop loss and credit limits.
Additional key elements of the risk management system are a set
of Group-wide commodity risk guidelines, the clear division of
duties between trading, settlement and control, as well as the
risk reporting system, which is independent from the trading
operations.
As of December 31, 2004, the E.ON Group had entered into
electricity, gas, coal, oil and emissions derivative instruments
with a nominal value of
25.3 billion
(2003:
18.4 billion).
The increase in nominal value compared with year-end 2003
reflected higher price levels, as well as increased
commodities-related activity at all market units.
The fair value of commodity trading transactions for which E.ON
has not established economic hedging conditions involving booked
or contractually agreed upon or planned underlying transactions
amounted to negative
25.2 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003: negative
34.3 million).
A hypothetical 10 percent change in underlying raw material
and commodity prices would cause the market value of these
commodity trading transactions to decline by
14 million
(2003:
28 million).
|
|
|
Counterparty Risk From the Use of Derivative Financial
Instruments |
Counterparty risk consists of potential losses that may arise
from the non-fulfillment of contractual obligations by
individual counterparties. With respect to derivative
transactions, counterparty risk is equivalent to the replacement
cost incurred by covering the open position in the event of
counterparty default. Only transactions with a positive market
value for E.ON are exposed to this risk. The Companys
counterparties for derivatives include financial institutions,
commodity exchanges, energy distribution companies and
broker-dealers, and other entities that satisfy E.ONs
credit criteria. The credit worthiness of all counterparties
that are involved in electricity-, gas-, coal-, oil- and
emissions-related derivatives with E.ON are thoroughly checked
and monitored on a regular basis. In cases where E.ON enters
into long-term currency and interest rate derivatives collateral
is required, as it is in cases of commodity derivative
transactions with counterparties with lower credit
205
ratings. Derivative transactions are generally executed on the
basis of standard agreements that allow all outstanding
transactions with contracting partners to be netted.
Exchange-traded electricity future and option contracts with a
nominal value of
4,593 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
1,760 million)
are liquid instruments and do not bear individual counterparty
risk. The Companys counterparty risk with respect to
derivatives amounts to
3,000 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
2,332 million).
The increased credit risk as of year-end 2004 reflects the fact
that the market value of derivatives used to hedge foreign
currency and interest rate risks has risen due to foreign
exchange rate and interest rate movements. Commodity prices have
risen as well, increasing the credit risks associated with
certain commodity transactions. Not all counterparties are rated
by Standard & Poors and/or Moodys; for these
unrated counterparties thorough credit limit checks and credit
risk evaluation systems are installed and collateral is
sometimes required. E.ONs Group-wide credit risk
management system and credit risk management guidelines are
designed to assure thorough and uniform credit worthiness
analysis for all counterparties. Significant Group-wide limits
and risks are identified and their credit risk exposures are
regularly monitored and reported to the E.ON risk committee. The
credit risk management system incorporates information on all
counterparty risks resulting from commodity trading transactions
and financial transactions in the area of deposits, interest
rate and foreign exchange risks.
E.ONs contractual ability to net transactions with
positive and negative market values with any defaulting
counterparty is not reflected in the figures presented in the
prior paragraph, regardless of whether the counterparty is rated
or unrated, causing the credit risk to appear greater than it is
in actuality. In addition, the value of collateral posted by
counterparties is not taken into account in calculating such
figures.
|
|
Item 12. |
Description of Securities other than Equity Securities. |
Not applicable.
PART II
|
|
Item 13. |
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies. |
None.
|
|
Item 14. |
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and
Use of Proceeds. |
None.
|
|
Item 15. |
Controls and Procedures. |
The Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and
with the participation of the Companys management,
including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the
Companys disclosure controls and procedures as of the end
of the period covered by this report. There are inherent
limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure
controls and procedures, including the possibility of human
error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and
procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and
procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving
their control objectives. Based upon the Companys
evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial
Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures as
of the end of the period covered by this report were effective
to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be
disclosed in the reports the Company files and submits under the
Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported as
and when required. There were no changes in the Companys
internal control over financial reporting that occurred during
2004 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to
materially affect, the Companys internal control over
financial reporting.
For more information on E.ONs compliance with these
requirements, see Item 10. Additional
Information Memorandum and Articles of
Association Corporate Governance.
206
|
|
Item 16A. |
Audit Committee Financial Expert. |
E.ONs Supervisory Board has determined that the
Companys Audit Committee currently includes two members
who qualify as an Audit Committee Financial Expert
within the meaning of this Item 16A: Dr. Karl-Hermann
Baumann and Ulrich Hartmann.
|
|
Item 16B. |
Code of Ethics. |
E.ON has adopted a special Code of Ethics for the Chief
Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and its senior
financial officers. The Company has published the text of this
Code of Ethics on its corporate website at www.eon.com. Material
appearing on this website is not incorporated by reference into
this annual report. If E.ON amends the provisions of this Code
of Ethics or grants any waiver of such provisions, it will
disclose such amendment or waiver on its website at the same
address.
|
|
Item 16C. |
Principal Accountant Fees and Services. |
In January 2003, the SEC adopted rules requiring disclosure of
fees billed by a public companys independent auditors in
each of the companys two most recent fiscal years.
The following table sets forth the fees billed to the Company
for professional services by its principal independent auditor,
PwC Deutsche Revision Aktiengesellschaft
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft (PwC), during
the fiscal years 2004 and 2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended | |
|
Year ended | |
Type of Fees |
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
( in millions) | |
Audit Fees
|
|
|
41.4 |
|
|
|
31.3 |
|
Audit-Related Fees
|
|
|
11.4 |
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
Tax Fees
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
All Other Fees
|
|
|
4.8 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
59.3 |
|
|
|
39.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Audit Committee Pre-Approval Policies |
In accordance with German law, E.ONs independent auditors
are appointed by the annual general meeting of shareholders
based on a recommendation of E.ONs Supervisory Board. The
Audit Committee of the Supervisory Board prepares the
boards recommendation on the selection of the independent
auditors. Subsequent to the auditors appointment, the
Audit Committee awards the contract and in its sole authority
approves the terms and scope of the audit and all audit
engagement fees as well as monitors the auditors
independence. On April 28, 2004, the annual general meeting
of shareholders appointed PwC to serve as the Companys
independent auditors for the 2004 fiscal year.
In order to assure the integrity of independent audits, in May
2003 E.ONs Audit Committee established a policy to approve
all audit and permissible non-audit services provided by
E.ONs independent auditors prior to the auditors
engagement. As part of the approval process, the Audit Committee
adopted pre-approval policies and procedures pursuant to which
the Audit Committee annually pre-approves certain types of
services to be performed by E.ONs independent auditors.
Compliance with these policies is audited and monitored by the
Audit Committee on a quarterly basis. Under the policies, the
Companys independent auditors are not allowed to perform
any non-audit services which may impair the auditors
independence under the SECs rules. Furthermore, the Audit
Committee has limited the aggregate amount of non-audit fees
payable to PwC during a fiscal year to a maximum of
40 percent of all fees.
207
In 2004, the Audit Committee pre-approved the performance by PwC
of material services, mainly including the following:
|
|
|
|
|
Annual audit for E.ONs Consolidated Financial Statements; |
|
|
|
Quarterly review of E.ONs interim financial statements; |
|
|
|
Statutory audits of financial statements of E.ON AG and of its
subsidiaries under the rules of their respective countries; |
|
|
|
Attestation of internal controls as part of the external
audit; and |
|
|
|
Attestation of regulatory filing and other compliance
requirements, including regulatory advice, such as carve-out
reports and comfort letters. |
|
|
|
|
|
Accounting advice relating to transactions or events; |
|
|
|
Due diligence relating to acquisitions, dispositions and
contemplated transactions; |
|
|
|
Consultation in accounting and corporate reporting matters; |
|
|
|
Attestation of compliance with provisions or calculations
required by agreements; |
|
|
|
Employee benefit plan audits; |
|
|
|
Agreed-upon procedures engagements; and |
|
|
|
Advisory services relating to internal controls and systems
documentation. |
|
|
|
|
|
Tax compliance services, including return preparation and tax
payment planning; |
|
|
|
Tax advice relating to transactions or events; |
|
|
|
Expatriate employee tax services; |
|
|
|
Transfer pricing studies; and |
|
|
|
Tax services for employee benefit plans. |
|
|
|
|
|
Advisory services on corporate governance and risk management; |
|
|
|
Advisory services on corporate treasury processes and systems; |
|
|
|
Advisory services on information systems; and |
|
|
|
Educational and training services on accounting and industry
matters. |
Services that are not included in one of the categories listed
above or in the Audit Committees catalogue of pre-approved
services require specific pre-approval of the Audit Committee.
An approval may not be granted if the service falls into a
category of services not permitted by current law or if it is
inconsistent with maintaining auditor independence, as expressed
in the rules promulgated by the SEC.
208
|
|
Item 16E. |
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated
Purchasers. |
The following table provides information on Ordinary Shares
purchased by the Company in 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Number of | |
|
Maximum Number of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares Purchased as | |
|
Shares that may yet | |
|
|
Total Number of | |
|
Average Price Paid | |
|
Part of the Share | |
|
be Purchased under the | |
|
|
Shares Purchased | |
|
per Share in | |
|
Buyback Plan | |
|
Share Buyback Plan | |
2004 |
|
(a) | |
|
(b) | |
|
(c) | |
|
(d) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Jan. 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,226,401 |
|
Feb. 1-29
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,226,401 |
|
Mar. 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,226,401 |
|
Apr. 1-30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,226,401 |
|
May 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,226,424 |
|
Jun. 1-30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
33,253,416 |
|
Jul. 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,350,721 |
|
Aug. 1-31
|
|
|
200,000 |
|
|
|
57.73 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,153,049 |
|
Sep. 1-30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,153,062 |
|
Oct. 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,153,075 |
|
Nov. 1-30
|
|
|
12,135 |
|
|
|
64.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,353,096 |
|
Dec. 1-31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,353,403 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
212,135 |
|
|
|
58.08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(a) |
211,815 Ordinary Shares were purchased for the Companys
employee share purchase programs and 320 Ordinary Shares
were purchased in order to meet conversion claims of former
Gelsenberg AG shareholders. Gelsenberg AG was merged into the
former VEBA AG in 1978; its shareholders had the option to
receive VEBA shares or cash against delivery of their Gelsenberg
shares. In November 2004, some former Gelsenberg AG shareholders
presented Gelsenberg shares requesting an aggregate of
320 E.ON shares. All of these purchases were made in the
market. |
|
(c)(d) |
Pursuant to shareholder resolutions approved at the annual
general meeting of shareholders held on April 28, 2004, the
Board of Management is authorized to buy back up to
10 percent of E.ON AGs outstanding share capital, or
692,000,000 Ordinary Shares, through October 28, 2005.
Pursuant to the German Stock Corporation Act, the maximum number
of shares the Company may purchase at any time equals
10 percent of 692,000,000 (or 69,200,000 Ordinary Shares)
less the number of Ordinary Shares held in treasury stock at
such time. Therefore, the maximum number of Ordinary Shares that
may be purchased under the Companys share buyback plan, as
reflected in column D, fluctuated over the course of 2004 due to
changes in the number of Ordinary Shares held in treasury stock,
rather than due to share repurchases. The Company did not buy
back any Ordinary Shares pursuant to this share buyback plan in
2004, as the shares purchased for the employee share purchase
programs and the Gelsenberg conversion claims were not purchased
pursuant to such plan. |
For information about E.ONs share repurchases in 2002 and
2003, see Item 10. Additional Information
Memorandum and Articles of Association Changes in
Capital.
209
PART III
|
|
Item 17. |
Financial Statements. |
Not applicable.
|
|
Item 18. |
Financial Statements. |
See pages F-1 to F-84, incorporated by reference.
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit No. | |
|
Exhibit Title |
| |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
English translation of the Articles of Association
(Satzung) of E.ON AG as amended to date.* |
|
4.1 |
|
|
Unofficial English translation of Framework Agreement between
RAG AG, RAG Beteiligungs-GmbH, RAG Projektgesellschaft mbH
and EBV Aktiengesellschaft, and E.ON AG, Chemie Verwaltungs
AG and E.ON Vermögensanlage GmbH, dated May 20, 2002.** |
|
4.2 |
|
|
Amended and Restated Fiscal Agency Agreement between
E.ON AG, E.ON International Finance B.V., E.ON UK PLC,
and Citibank, N.A. as Fiscal Agent, and Banque du Luxembourg
S.A. and Citibank AG as Paying Agents, relating to the Euro
20,000,000,000 Medium Term Note Programme, dated August 21,
2002.** |
|
8.1 |
|
|
Subsidiaries as of the end of the year covered by this annual
report: see Item 4. Information on the
Company Organizational Structure. |
|
10.1 |
|
|
Unofficial English translation of Current Form of Management
Board Service Agreement.* |
|
10.2 |
|
|
Schedule 1 to Exhibit 10.1 Individual
Deviations from Form of Management Board Service Agreement.* |
|
12.1 |
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.* |
|
12.2 |
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.* |
|
13.1 |
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002.* |
|
|
* |
Filed herewith. |
|
** |
Incorporated by reference to the Form 20-F filed by
E.ON AG with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
March 19, 2003, file number 1-14688. |
210
E.ON AG AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Report of Independent Accountants
|
|
|
F-1 |
|
Consolidated Financial Statements:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002
|
|
|
F-2 |
|
|
Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2004 and 2003
|
|
|
F-3 |
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended
December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002
|
|
|
F-4 |
|
|
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity
for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002
|
|
|
F-5 |
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
F-6 |
|
F-i
(PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
E.ON AG:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of
E.ON AG and its subsidiaries (E.ON) as of
December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated
statements of income, changes in stockholders equity and
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2004. These financial statements are the
responsibility of E.ONs management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our
audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in
the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by
management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred
to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial
position of E.ON at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the
results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the
three years in the period ended December 31, 2004 in
conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial
statements, effective January 1, 2003, E.ON adopted
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 143,
Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations. Also,
as discussed in Note 11a) to the consolidated financial
statements, effective January 1, 2002, E.ON adopted
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142,
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
|
|
|
|
|
Düsseldorf
March 7, 2005 |
|
PwC Deutsche Revision
Aktiengesellschaft
Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft |
|
|
/s/ Brebeck
|
|
/s/ Laue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brebeck
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor) |
|
Laue
Wirtschaftsprüfer
(German Public Auditor) |
F-1
E.ON AG AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in millions, except for per share amounts)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Note | |
|
2004* | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Public utility sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
46,709 |
|
|
|
34,502 |
|
|
|
31,971 |
|
|
|
23,333 |
|
Gas sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,903 |
|
|
|
13,224 |
|
|
|
11,917 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
Product sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,627 |
|
|
|
1,202 |
|
|
|
2,050 |
|
|
|
11,765 |
|
Other sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
237 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
489 |
|
|
|
959 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
|
|
|
(31) |
|
|
|
66,476 |
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity and petroleum tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,900 |
) |
|
|
(4,358 |
) |
|
|
(3,886 |
) |
|
|
(933 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales, net of electricity and petroleum tax
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
60,576 |
|
|
|
44,745 |
|
|
|
42,541 |
|
|
|
35,691 |
|
Cost of goods sold Public utility
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(31,709 |
) |
|
|
(23,422 |
) |
|
|
(22,893 |
) |
|
|
(17,039 |
) |
Cost of goods sold Gas
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12,203 |
) |
|
|
(9,014 |
) |
|
|
(8,055 |
) |
|
|
(375 |
) |
Cost of goods sold Product
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,209 |
) |
|
|
(893 |
) |
|
|
(1,499 |
) |
|
|
(8,258 |
) |
Cost of goods sold and services provided Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
(333 |
) |
|
|
(862 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold and services provided
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(45,154 |
) |
|
|
(33,353 |
) |
|
|
(32,780 |
) |
|
|
(26,534 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit on sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15,422 |
|
|
|
11,392 |
|
|
|
9,761 |
|
|
|
9,157 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5,939 |
) |
|
|
(4,387 |
) |
|
|
(4,556 |
) |
|
|
(4,839 |
) |
General and administrative expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,042 |
) |
|
|
(1,508 |
) |
|
|
(1,399 |
) |
|
|
(1,649 |
) |
Other operating income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(5) |
|
|
|
2,349 |
|
|
|
1,735 |
|
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
Financial earnings
|
|
|
(6) |
|
|
|
(586 |
) |
|
|
(433 |
) |
|
|
(359 |
) |
|
|
(1,273 |
) |
Goodwill impairment
|
|
|
(11a) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(2,391 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,204 |
|
|
|
6,799 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
(759 |
) |
Income taxes
|
|
|
(7) |
|
|
|
(2,636 |
) |
|
|
(1,947 |
) |
|
|
(1,124 |
) |
|
|
662 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations after income taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(6,568 |
) |
|
|
4,852 |
|
|
|
4,414 |
|
|
|
(97 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(8) |
|
|
|
(682 |
) |
|
|
(504 |
) |
|
|
(464 |
) |
|
|
(623 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,886 |
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
3,950 |
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from operations (less applicable income taxes of
0,
52 and
255,
respectively) |
|
|
(4) |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
1,137 |
|
|
|
3,306 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principles
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,874 |
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
5,087 |
|
|
|
2,586 |
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, (less
applicable income taxes of
0,
(261) and
0, respectively)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,874 |
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic earnings per share:
|
|
|
(10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.96 |
|
|
|
6.62 |
|
|
|
6.04 |
|
|
|
(1.10 |
) |
|
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
5.07 |
|
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.67 |
) |
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.95 |
|
|
|
6.61 |
|
|
|
7.11 |
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diluted earnings per share:
|
|
|
(10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.96 |
|
|
|
6.62 |
|
|
|
6.04 |
|
|
|
(1.10 |
) |
|
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
5.07 |
|
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.67 |
) |
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.95 |
|
|
|
6.61 |
|
|
|
7.11 |
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these
Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-2
E.ON AG AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Note | |
|
2004* | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
19,568 |
|
|
|
14,454 |
|
|
|
13,955 |
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
(11a) |
|
|
|
5,128 |
|
|
|
3,788 |
|
|
|
4,153 |
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
(11b) |
|
|
|
58,975 |
|
|
|
43,563 |
|
|
|
42,797 |
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
(11c) |
|
|
|
23,371 |
|
|
|
17,263 |
|
|
|
17,725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
107,042 |
|
|
|
79,068 |
|
|
|
78,630 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(12) |
|
|
|
3,584 |
|
|
|
2,647 |
|
|
|
2,477 |
|
Financial receivables and other financial assets
|
|
|
(13) |
|
|
|
2,875 |
|
|
|
2,124 |
|
|
|
2,192 |
|
Operating receivables and other operating assets
|
|
|
(13) |
|
|
|
21,334 |
|
|
|
15,759 |
|
|
|
15,833 |
|
Assets of disposal groups
|
|
|
(4) |
|
|
|
749 |
|
|
|
553 |
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in short-term securities
|
|
|
(14) |
|
|
|
10,614 |
|
|
|
7,840 |
|
|
|
7,474 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(15) |
|
|
|
5,653 |
|
|
|
4,176 |
|
|
|
3,321 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-fixed assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,809 |
|
|
|
33,099 |
|
|
|
31,297 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
(7) |
|
|
|
2,100 |
|
|
|
1,551 |
|
|
|
1,525 |
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
(16) |
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
344 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets (thereof short-term 2004:
25,839;
2003: 24,883)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154,417 |
|
|
|
114,062 |
|
|
|
111,850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
Note | |
|
2004* | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital stock
|
|
|
(17) |
|
|
$ |
2,436 |
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
(18) |
|
|
|
15,902 |
|
|
|
11,746 |
|
|
|
11,564 |
|
Retained earnings
|
|
|
(19) |
|
|
|
27,080 |
|
|
|
20,003 |
|
|
|
16,976 |
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
(20) |
|
|
|
363 |
|
|
|
268 |
|
|
|
(309 |
) |
Treasury stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(347 |
) |
|
|
(256 |
) |
|
|
(256 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,434 |
|
|
|
33,560 |
|
|
|
29,774 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(21) |
|
|
|
5,610 |
|
|
|
4,144 |
|
|
|
4,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions
|
|
|
(22) |
|
|
|
11,628 |
|
|
|
8,589 |
|
|
|
7,442 |
|
Other provisions
|
|
|
(23) |
|
|
|
34,729 |
|
|
|
25,653 |
|
|
|
26,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,357 |
|
|
|
34,242 |
|
|
|
34,328 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities
|
|
|
(24) |
|
|
|
27,484 |
|
|
|
20,301 |
|
|
|
21,787 |
|
Operating liabilities
|
|
|
(24) |
|
|
|
19,026 |
|
|
|
14,054 |
|
|
|
13,903 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,510 |
|
|
|
34,355 |
|
|
|
35,690 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities of disposal groups
|
|
|
(4) |
|
|
|
73 |
|
|
|
54 |
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(7) |
|
|
|
8,942 |
|
|
|
6,605 |
|
|
|
6,265 |
|
Deferred income
|
|
|
(16) |
|
|
|
1,491 |
|
|
|
1,102 |
|
|
|
1,168 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities (thereof short-term 2004:
23,734; 2003:
23,999)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
108,984 |
|
|
|
80,502 |
|
|
|
82,076 |
|
Total stockholders equity and liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
154,417 |
|
|
|
114,062 |
|
|
|
111,850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these
Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-3
E.ON AG AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
2004* | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Net income
|
|
$ |
5,874 |
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
Income applicable to minority interests
|
|
|
682 |
|
|
|
504 |
|
|
|
464 |
|
|
|
623 |
|
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(1,137 |
) |
|
|
(3,306 |
) |
|
Depreciation, amortization, impairment
|
|
|
4,408 |
|
|
|
3,256 |
|
|
|
3,272 |
|
|
|
6,767 |
|
|
Changes in provisions
|
|
|
(652 |
) |
|
|
(482 |
) |
|
|
1,586 |
|
|
|
(1,297 |
) |
|
Changes in deferred taxes
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
(132 |
) |
|
|
(1,515 |
) |
|
Other non-cash income and expenses
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
274 |
|
|
(Gain)/ Loss on disposal:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity investments
|
|
|
(551 |
) |
|
|
(407 |
) |
|
|
(1,289 |
) |
|
|
(491 |
) |
|
|
Other financial assets
|
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(150 |
) |
|
|
Intangible and fixed assets
|
|
|
(620 |
) |
|
|
(458 |
) |
|
|
(526 |
) |
|
|
(360 |
) |
|
Changes in non-fixed assets and other operating liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(280 |
) |
|
|
(207 |
) |
|
|
299 |
|
|
|
252 |
|
|
|
Trade receivables
|
|
|
(305 |
) |
|
|
(225 |
) |
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
(678 |
) |
|
|
Other operating receivables
|
|
|
(72 |
) |
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
411 |
|
|
|
(829 |
) |
|
|
Trade payables
|
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
(92 |
) |
|
|
(598 |
) |
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
Other operating liabilities
|
|
|
(257 |
) |
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
(1,475 |
) |
|
|
1,001 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
8,085 |
|
|
|
5,972 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
3,614 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from disposal of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity investments
|
|
|
2,209 |
|
|
|
1,632 |
|
|
|
5,290 |
|
|
|
8,351 |
|
|
Other financial assets
|
|
|
976 |
|
|
|
721 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
1,813 |
|
|
Intangible and fixed assets
|
|
|
1,495 |
|
|
|
1,104 |
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
767 |
|
Purchase of:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity investments
|
|
|
(3,083 |
) |
|
|
(2,277 |
) |
|
|
(6,296 |
) |
|
|
(20,335 |
) |
|
Other financial assets
|
|
|
(401 |
) |
|
|
(296 |
) |
|
|
(240 |
) |
|
|
(614 |
) |
|
Intangible and fixed assets
|
|
|
(3,671 |
) |
|
|
(2,712 |
) |
|
|
(2,660 |
) |
|
|
(3,210 |
) |
Changes in securities (other than trading)
(> 3 months)
|
|
|
(521 |
) |
|
|
(385 |
) |
|
|
428 |
|
|
|
1,345 |
|
Changes in financial receivables
|
|
|
2,189 |
|
|
|
1,617 |
|
|
|
1,772 |
|
|
|
1,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used for) investing activities
|
|
|
(807 |
) |
|
|
(596 |
) |
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
(10,409 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments received/made from changes in capital including
minority interests
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
Payments for treasury stock, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Payment of cash dividends to:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders of E.ON AG
|
|
|
(1,776 |
) |
|
|
(1,312 |
) |
|
|
(1,142 |
) |
|
|
(1,100 |
) |
|
Minority stockholders
|
|
|
(387 |
) |
|
|
(286 |
) |
|
|
(479 |
) |
|
|
(418 |
) |
Payments for financial liabilities
|
|
|
5,322 |
|
|
|
3,931 |
|
|
|
2,564 |
|
|
|
12,432 |
|
Repayments of financial liabilities
|
|
|
(9,174 |
) |
|
|
(6,776 |
) |
|
|
(4,495 |
) |
|
|
(6,447 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities
|
|
|
(6,039 |
) |
|
|
(4,461 |
) |
|
|
(3,545 |
) |
|
|
4,499 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
maturing
|
|
|
1,239 |
|
|
|
915 |
|
|
|
2,032 |
|
|
|
(2,296 |
) |
Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(82 |
) |
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(232 |
) |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
|
|
|
4,496 |
|
|
|
3,321 |
|
|
|
1,342 |
|
|
|
4,239 |
|
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations at the
beginning of the period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(379 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents from continued operations at end of
the period
|
|
|
5,653 |
|
|
|
4,176 |
|
|
|
3,321 |
|
|
|
1,332 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents from discontinued operations at the
end of the period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
5,653 |
|
|
|
4,176 |
|
|
|
3,321 |
|
|
|
1,342 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these
Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-4
E.ON AG AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS
EQUITY
(in millions of
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional | |
|
|
|
Currency | |
|
Available | |
|
Minimum | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital | |
|
paid-in | |
|
Retained | |
|
translation | |
|
for sale | |
|
pension | |
|
Cash flow | |
|
Treasury | |
|
|
|
|
stock | |
|
capital | |
|
earnings | |
|
adjustments | |
|
securities | |
|
liability | |
|
hedges | |
|
stock | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
January 1, 2002
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
|
|
11,402 |
|
|
|
11,795 |
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
|
(265 |
) |
|
|
(320 |
) |
|
|
(51 |
) |
|
|
(274 |
) |
|
|
24,462 |
|
Shares reacquired/sold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Dividends paid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,100 |
) |
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(618 |
) |
|
|
262 |
|
|
|
(81 |
) |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(501 |
) |
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2002
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
|
|
11,402 |
|
|
|
13,472 |
|
|
|
(242 |
) |
|
|
(3 |
) |
|
|
(401 |
) |
|
|
(115 |
) |
|
|
(259 |
) |
|
|
25,653 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares reacquired/sold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
164 |
|
Dividends paid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,142 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,142 |
) |
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(779 |
) |
|
|
1,187 |
|
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
452 |
|
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,099 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2003
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
|
|
11,564 |
|
|
|
16,976 |
|
|
|
(1,021 |
) |
|
|
1,184 |
|
|
|
(492 |
) |
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
(256 |
) |
|
|
29,774 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares reacquired/sold
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital increase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
182 |
|
Dividends paid
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,312 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,312 |
) |
Net income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
Other comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
(598 |
) |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
577 |
|
Total comprehensive income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,916 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004
|
|
|
1,799 |
|
|
|
11,746 |
|
|
|
20,003 |
|
|
|
(896 |
) |
|
|
2,178 |
|
|
|
(1,090 |
) |
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
(256 |
) |
|
|
33,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these
Consolidated Financial Statements.
F-5
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Basis of Presentation
The Consolidated Financial Statements of E.ON AG and its
consolidated companies (E.ON, the
E.ON Group or the Company),
Düsseldorf, Germany, have been prepared in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of
America (U.S. GAAP).
The E.ON Group is an internationally active group of energy
companies with integrated electricity and gas operations based
in Germany. Effective January 1, 2004, the Group has been
organized around five defined target markets:
|
|
|
|
|
The Central Europe market unit, led by E.ON Energie AG
(E.ON Energie), Munich, Germany, operates
E.ONs integrated electricity business and the downstream
gas business in Central Europe. |
|
|
|
Pan-European Gas is responsible for the upstream and midstream
gas business. Moreover, this market unit holds predominantly
minority interests in companies of the downstream gas business.
This market unit is led by E.ON Ruhrgas AG
(E.ON Ruhrgas), Essen, Germany (formerly:
Ruhrgas AG). |
|
|
|
The U.K. market unit encompasses the integrated energy business
in the United Kingdom. This market unit is led by E.ON UK
plc (E.ON UK), Coventry, U.K. (formerly:
Powergen UK plc). |
|
|
|
The Nordic market unit, which is led by E.ON Nordic AB
(E.ON Nordic), Malmö, Sweden, focuses on
the integrated energy business in Northern Europe. It operates
through the two integrated energy companies Sydkraft AB
(Sydkraft), Malmö, Sweden, and
E.ON Finland Oyj (E.ON Finland), Espoo,
Finland, primarily in Sweden and Finland. |
|
|
|
The U.S. Midwest market unit, led by LG&E Energy LLC
(LG&E Energy), Louisville, Kentucky, U.S., is
primarily active in the regulated energy market in the U.S.
state of Kentucky. |
The Corporate Center contains the interests held directly by
E.ON AG, E.ON AG itself, as well as the consolidation
effects that take place at the Group level.
These market units form the core energy business and are at the
same time segments as defined in SFAS 131. The Corporate
Center has also been classified as part of the core energy
business. The other activities of the E.ON Group include
the activities of Degussa AG (Degussa),
Düsseldorf, Germany, which was consolidated until
January 31, 2003, and is now accounted for at equity, and
of Viterra AG (Viterra), Essen, Germany.
Note 31 provides additional information about the market
units.
E.ON makes use of the relief outlined in section 292a
of the German Commercial Code
(§ 292a HGB), which exempts companies
from preparing consolidated financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles in Germany
(German GAAP), if the consolidated financial
statements are prepared in accordance with internationally
accepted accounting principles and comply with the Fourth and
Seventh Accounting Directives of the European Community. For the
interpretation of these directives, the Company refers to German
Accounting Standards (DRS) No. 1 and DRS
No. 1a, Exempting Consolidated Financial Statements
in accordance with § 292a HGB.
Solely for the convenience of the reader, the December 31,
2004 financial statements (except the changes in
stockholders equity) have also been translated into United
States dollars ($) at the rate of
1 =
$1.3538, the Noon Buying Rate of the Federal Reserve Bank of New
York on December 31, 2004. Such translation is unaudited.
F-6
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of
E.ON AG and its consolidated subsidiaries. The subsidiaries,
associated companies and other related companies have been
included in the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance
with the following criteria:
|
|
|
|
|
Majority-owned subsidiaries in which E.ON directly or indirectly
exercises control through a majority of the stockholders
voting rights (affiliated companies) are fully
consolidated. Furthermore, Financial Accounting Standards Board
(FASB) Interpretation (FIN) No. 46
(revised December 2003), Consolidation of Variable
Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51
(FIN 46R), requires E.ON to consolidate
so-called variable interest entities in which it is the primary
beneficiary for economic purposes, even if it does not have a
controlling interest. |
|
|
|
Majority-owned companies in which E.ON does not exercise
management control due to restrictions in the control of assets
and management (unconsolidated affiliates) are
generally accounted for under the equity method. Companies in
which E.ON has the ability to exercise significant influence in
the investees operations (associated
companies) are also accounted for under the equity method.
These are mainly companies in which E.ON holds an interest of
between 20 and 50 percent. |
|
|
|
All other share investments are accounted for under the cost
method or, if they are marketable, at fair value. |
A list of all E.ON stockholdings and other interests will be
filed with the Commercial Register of the Düsseldorf
District Court, HRB 22315.
Intercompany results, sales, expenses and income, as well as
receivables and liabilities between the consolidated companies
are eliminated. If companies are accounted for under the equity
method, intercompany results are eliminated in the consolidation
process if and to the extent that these are material.
Business Combinations
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
(SFAS) No. 141, Business
Combinations (SFAS 141), all business
combinations are accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting, whereby all assets acquired and liabilities assumed
are recorded at their fair value. After adjustments to the fair
values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed are made, any
resulting positive differences are capitalized in the balance
sheet as goodwill. Situations in which the fair value of net
assets acquired is greater than the purchase price paid result
in an excess that is allocated as a pro rata reduction of the
balance sheet amounts. Should any such excess remain after
reducing the amounts that otherwise would have been assigned to
those assets, the remaining excess is recognized as a separate
gain. Goodwill arising in companies for which the equity method
is applied is calculated on the basis of the same principles
that are applicable to fully consolidated companies.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Companys transactions denominated in currencies other
than the euro are translated at the current exchange rate at the
time of the transaction and adjusted to the current exchange
rate at each balance-sheet date; any gains and losses resulting
from fluctuations in the relevant currencies are included in
other operating income and other operating expenses,
respectively. Gains and losses from the translation of financial
instruments used to hedge the value of its net investments in
its foreign operations are recorded with no effect on net income
as a component of stockholders equity.
The assets and liabilities of the Companys foreign
subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the euro are
translated using year-end exchange rates, while the statements
of income are translated using annual-average exchange rates.
Significant transactions of foreign subsidiaries occurring
during the fiscal year are included in the financial statements
using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction.
Differences arising from the translation of assets and
liabilities, as well as gains or losses in comparison with the
translation of prior
F-7
years, are included as a separate component of
stockholders equity and accordingly have no effect on net
income.
The following chart depicts the movements in exchange rates for
the periods indicated for major currencies of countries outside
the European Monetary Union (1):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1, rate as of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
1, annual average rate | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
Currencies |
|
ISO-Code | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Swiss franc
|
|
|
CHF |
|
|
|
1.54 |
|
|
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
1.54 |
|
|
|
1.52 |
|
|
|
1.47 |
|
British pound
|
|
|
GBP |
|
|
|
0.71 |
|
|
|
0.70 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
0.63 |
|
Japanese yen
|
|
|
JPY |
|
|
|
141.03 |
|
|
|
133.72 |
|
|
|
134.42 |
|
|
|
130.96 |
|
|
|
118.04 |
|
Swedish krona
|
|
|
SEK |
|
|
|
9.02 |
|
|
|
9.08 |
|
|
|
9.12 |
|
|
|
9.12 |
|
|
|
9.16 |
|
U.S. dollar
|
|
|
USD |
|
|
|
1.36 |
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
1.24 |
|
|
|
1.13 |
|
|
|
0.95 |
|
|
|
(1) |
The countries within the European Monetary Union are Austria,
Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. |
Presentation of Sales and Cost of Goods Sold and Services
Provided
Public utility sales and Cost of goods
sold Public utility are shown separately in
the Consolidated Statements of Income and include the total
sales and cost of goods sold of the reportable segments Central
Europe, U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest.
Gas sales and Cost of goods sold
Gas reflect the supply, transmission, storage and sale of
natural gas from the reportable segment Pan-European Gas, but
exclude the activities of its subsidiary Ruhrgas Industries
GmbH, Essen, Germany, which focuses on metering and industrial
furnaces. These results are included in Product
sales in the Consolidated Statements of Income. In 2002,
Gas sales and Cost of goods sold
Gas relate only to those entities transferred from E.ON
Energie to E.ON Ruhrgas during 2003 and 2004.
Product sales and Cost of goods
sold Product presented in the Consolidated
Statements of Income include the activities of Ruhrgas
Industries GmbH, as well as those of Degussa in 2003 and 2002.
Other sales and Cost of goods sold and
services provided Other are presented in the
Consolidated Statements of Income and primarily include the
activities of Viterra Germany, as well as consolidation effects
at the Group level.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generally recognizes revenue upon delivery of
products to customers or upon fulfillment of services. Delivery
has occurred when the risks and rewards associated with
ownership have been transferred to the buyer, compensation has
been contractually established and collection of the resulting
receivable is probable. The following is a description of
E.ONs major revenue recognition policies by segment.
Core Energy Business
Sales in the Central Europe, Pan-European Gas, U.K., Nordic and
U.S. Midwest market units result mainly from the sale of
electricity and gas to industrial and commercial customers and
to end-consumers. Additional revenue is earned from the
distribution of electricity and deliveries of steam and heat.
Revenue from the sale of electricity and gas to industrial and
commercial customers and to end-consumers is recognized when
earned on the basis of a contractual arrangement with the
customer; it reflects the value of the volume supplied,
including an estimated value of the volume supplied to customers
between the date of their last meter reading and year end.
Gains and losses on energy trading contracts are presented net
in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
F-8
Other Activities
Degussa
Sales are recognized, net of discounts, bonuses and rebates at
the time of transfer of risk or when the services are rendered.
For products, this is normally when the goods are dispatched to
the customer.
Viterra
Sales are recognized net of discounts, sales incentives,
customer bonuses and rebates granted when risk is transferred,
remuneration is contractually fixed or determinable and
satisfaction of the associated claims is probable. Viterra also
performs services under long-term contractual commitments (in
particular property leases and service contracts); revenue from
such sales is recognized according to the terms of the contracts
or at the point when the relevant services have been rendered.
Electricity Tax
The electricity tax is levied on electricity delivered to
end-customers by domestic utilities in Germany and Sweden and is
calculated on the basis of a fixed tax rate per
kilowatt-hour (kWh). This rate varies between different
classes of customers.
Petroleum Tax
The petroleum tax in Germany also includes the natural gas tax.
This tax becomes due at the time of procurement or removal of
the natural gas from storage facilities. The tax is calculated
on the basis of the specified quantities of natural gas.
Taxes other than Income Taxes
Taxes other than income taxes totaled
80 million
in 2004 (2003:
103 million;
2002:
54 million)
and consisted principally of property tax and real estate
transfer tax in all periods presented.
Cost of Goods Sold and Services Provided
Cost of goods sold and services provided primarily includes the
cost of procured electricity and gas, the cost of raw materials
and supplies used to produce energy, depreciation of the
equipment used to generate, store and transfer electricity and
gas and of that used to produce chemical products, personnel
costs directly related to the generation and supply of energy
and to the production of chemical products, as well as costs
incurred in the purchase of production-related services.
Selling Expenses
Selling expenses include all expenses incurred in connection
with the sale of energy and chemical products. These primarily
include personnel costs and other sales-related expenses of the
regional utilities and other retail operations in the Central
Europe market unit, as well as expenses incurred in relation to
the packaging and distribution of goods.
Administrative Expenses
Administrative expenses primarily include the personnel costs
for those employees who do not work in the areas of production
and sales, as well as the depreciation of administration
buildings.
Accounting for Sales of Stock of Subsidiaries or Associated
Companies
If a subsidiary or associated company sells its stock to a third
party, leading to a reduction in E.ONs ownership share of
the relevant company (dilution), in accordance with
SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 51,
Accounting for Sales of Stock of a Subsidiary
(SAB 51), gains and losses from these dilutive
transactions are included in the income statement under other
operating income or expenses.
F-9
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and totaled
137 million
in 2004 (2003:
138 million;
2002:
223 million).
Research and Development Costs
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred, and
recorded as other operating expenses. They totaled
55 million
in 2004 (2003:
69 million;
2002:
380 million).
Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share (EPS) are computed in accordance
with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share
(SFAS 128). Basic EPS is computed by dividing
consolidated net income by the weighted average number of
ordinary shares outstanding during the relevant period. The
computation of diluted EPS is identical to basic EPS, as E.ON AG
does not have any dilutive securities.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15,
2001, SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible
Assets (SFAS 142), requires that goodwill
not be periodically amortized, but rather be tested for
impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis.
Goodwill must be evaluated for impairment between these annual
tests if events or changes in circumstances indicate that
goodwill might be impaired. The Company has identified its
reporting units as the operating units one level below its
reportable segments.
The testing of goodwill for impairment involves two steps:
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The first step is to compare each reporting units fair
value with its carrying amount including goodwill. If a
reporting units carrying amount exceeds its fair value,
this indicates that its goodwill may be impaired and the second
step is required. |
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The second step is to compare the implied fair value of the
reporting units goodwill with the carrying amount of its
goodwill. The implied fair value is computed by allocating the
reporting units fair value to all of its assets and
liabilities in a manner that is similar to a purchase price
allocation in a business combination in accordance with
SFAS 141. The remainder after this allocation is the
implied fair value of the reporting units goodwill. If
this fair value of goodwill is less than its carrying value, the
difference is recorded as an impairment. |
The annual testing of goodwill for impairment at the reporting
unit level, as required by SFAS 142, is carried out in the
fourth quarter of each year.
When the Company adopted SFAS 142 as of January 1,
2002, it performed a transitional impairment test that resulted
in no impairment and recognized existing negative goodwill in
income. This reflected a change in accounting principles and was
therefore recognized separately in the Consolidated Statement of
Income for 2002.
Intangible Assets Not Subject to Amortization
SFAS 142 also requires that intangible assets other than
goodwill be amortized over their useful lives unless their lives
are considered to be indefinite. Any intangible asset that is
not subject to amortization must be tested for impairment
annually, or more frequently if events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. This
impairment test for intangible assets with indefinite lives
consists of a comparison of the fair value of the asset with its
carrying value. Should the carrying value exceed the fair value,
an impairment loss equal to the difference is recognized in
other operating expenses.
F-10
Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization
Intangible assets subject to amortization are classified into
marketing-related, customer-related, contract-based, and
technology-based, all of which are valued at cost and amortized
using the straight-line method over their expected useful lives,
generally for a period between 5 and 25 years.
Intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization
are reviewed for impairment in accordance with
SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lived Assets (SFAS 144),
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Please see Note 11 a) for additional information about
goodwill and intangible assets.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are valued at historical or
production costs, including asset retirement costs to be
capitalized, and depreciated over their expected useful lives,
as summarized in the following table.
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Buildings
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10 to 50 years |
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Power plants
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Conventional components
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10 to 60 years |
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Nuclear components
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up to 25 years |
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Hydro power plants and other facilities used to generate
renewable energy
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10 to 50 years |
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Equipment, fixtures, furniture and office equipment
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3 to 25 years |
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Technical equipment for storage, distribution and transmission
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15 to 65 years |
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Property, plant and equipment are reviewed for impairment
whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the
carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment is
recognized in accordance with SFAS 144 when such a
long-lived assets carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
In such cases, the carrying value of such an impaired asset is
written down to its fair value. If necessary, the remaining
useful life of the asset is correspondingly revised.
Interest on debt apportioned to the construction period of
qualifying assets is capitalized as a part of their cost of
acquisition or construction. The additional cost is depreciated
over the expected useful life of the related asset, commencing
on the completion or commissioning date.
Repair and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Leasing
Leasing transactions are classified according to the lease
agreements which specify the benefits and risks associated with
the leased property. E.ON concludes some agreements in which it
is the lessor and other agreements in which it is the lessee.
Leasing transactions in which E.ON is the lessee are defined as
capital leases or operating leases. In a capital lease, the
Company receives the economic benefit of the leased property and
recognizes the asset and associated liability on its balance
sheet. All other transactions in which E.ON is the lessee are
classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating
leases are recorded as an expense.
Leasing transactions in which E.ON is the lessor and the lessee
enjoys substantially all the benefits and bears the risks of the
leased property are classified as sales-type leases or direct
financing leases. In these two types of leases, E.ON records the
present value of the minimum lease payments as a receivable. The
lessees payments to E.ON are allocated between a reduction
of the lease obligation and interest income. All other
transactions in which E.ON is the lessor are categorized as
operating leases. E.ON records the leased property as an asset
and the scheduled lease payments as income.
F-11
Financial Assets
Shares in associated companies are generally accounted for under
the equity method. E.ONs accounting policies are also
generally applied to its associated companies. Other share
investments and debt securities that are marketable are valued
in accordance with SFAS No. 115, Accounting for
Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities
(SFAS 115). SFAS 115 requires that a
security be accounted for according to its classification as
either trading, available-for-sale or held-to-maturity. Debt
securities that the Company does not have the positive intent
and ability to hold to maturity and all marketable securities
are classified as available-for-sale securities. The Company
does not hold any securities classified as trading or
held-to-maturity.
Securities classified as available-for-sale are carried at fair
value, with unrealized gains and losses net of related deferred
taxes reported as a separate component of stockholders
equity until realized. Realized gains and losses are recorded
based on the specific identification method. Unrealized losses
on all marketable securities and investments that are other than
temporary are recognized in financial earnings in the line item
Write-down of financial assets and long-term loans.
The residual value of debt securities is adjusted for
amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity.
Such amortization and accretion are included in net interest
income. Realized gains and losses on such securities are
included in Other operating income (expenses), net.
Other share investments that are non-marketable are accounted
for at acquisition cost.
Inventories
The Company values inventories at the lower of acquisition or
production cost or market value. Raw materials, products and
goods purchased for resale are primarily valued at average cost.
Gas inventories are valued at LIFO. The specific identification
method is primarily used for real estate inventories. In
addition to production materials and wages, production costs
include material and production overheads based on normal
capacity. Interest on borrowings is capitalized if the
production activities are performed over an extended period
(qualifying assets). The costs of general
administration, voluntary social benefits and pensions are not
capitalized. Inventory risks resulting from excess and
obsolescence are provided for by appropriate valuation
allowances.
Also included in inventories are emission rights allocated to
the Company under emissions trading systems in Germany and
abroad. Emission rights are capitalized at cost for the entire
allocation period on receipt of the notice of allocation from
the responsible national authorities. They are carried at
amortized cost (including any incidental acquisition expenses).
Receivables and Other Assets
Receivables and other assets are recorded at their nominal
values. Valuation allowances are provided for identified
individual risks for these line items, as well as for long-term
loans. If the loss of a certain part of the receivables is
probable, valuation allowances are provided to cover the
expected loss.
Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale
Discontinued operations are those operations of a reportable or
operating segment, or of a component thereof, that either have
been disposed of or are classified as held for sale. Assets and
liabilities attributable to a component must be clearly
distinguishable from the other consolidated entities in terms of
their operations and cash flows. In addition, the reporting
entity must not have any significant continuing involvement in
the operations classified as a discontinued operation.
Also reported under assets and liabilities of disposal groups
are groups of long-lived assets held for disposal in one single
transaction together with other assets and liabilities
(disposal groups). SFAS 144 requires that
certain defined criteria be met for an entity to be classified
as a disposal group, and specifies the conditions under which a
planned transaction becomes reportable as a discontinued
operation.
F-12
Gains or losses from the disposal and income and expenses from
the operations of a discontinued operation are reported
separately under Income/ (Loss) from discontinued
operations; prior-year figures are adjusted accordingly.
Cash flows of discontinued operations are not included in the
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. No reclassification of
prior-year balance-sheet line items attributable to discontinued
operations takes place, as such reclassification is not
permitted by SFAS 144.
The income and expenses related to operations held for sale that
are not classified as discontinued operations are included in
Income/ (Loss) from continuing operations until they
are sold.
Individual assets and disposal groups identified as held for
sale are no longer depreciated once they are classified as
assets held for sale or as disposal groups. Instead, they are
reported at the lower of their book value or their fair value.
If the fair value of such assets, less selling costs, is less
than the carrying value of the assets at the time of their
classification as held for sale, an impairment is recognized
immediately. The fair value is determined based on discounted
cash flows. The underlying interest rate that management deems
reasonable for the calculation of such discounted cash flows
depends on the type of property and prevailing market
conditions. Appraisals and, if appropriate, current estimated
net sales proceeds from pending offers are also considered.
Investments in Short-Term Securities
Deposits at banking institutions and available-for-sale
securities that management does not intend to hold long-term
with original maturities greater than three months are
classified as investments in short-term securities. Unrealized
gains and losses in these investments are reported net of
related deferred taxes as a separate component of
stockholders equity. Realized gains and losses, as well as
unrealized losses that are other than temporary, are recognized
in Other operating income (expenses), net.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents with an original maturity of three
months or less include checks, cash on hand, balances in
Bundesbank accounts and at other banking institutions. Included
herein are also securities with an original maturity of three
months or less.
Stock-Based Compensation
The stock-based compensation plans are accounted for on the
basis of their intrinsic values as stipulated in
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation (SFAS 123), in combination
with FASB Interpretation No. 28, Accounting for Stock
Appreciation Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award
Plans (FIN 28). The corresponding expense
is recognized in the income statement.
U.S. Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
Accounting for E.ONs regulated utility businesses,
Louisville Gas and Electric Company and Kentucky Utilities
Company (collectively LG&E Energy), Louisville,
Kentucky, U.S., of the U.S. Midwest market unit, conforms with
U.S. generally accepted principles as applied to regulated
public utilities in the United States of America. These entities
are subject to SFAS No. 71, Accounting for the
Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
(SFAS 71), under which costs that would
otherwise be charged to expense are deferred as regulatory
assets based on expected recovery of such costs from customers
in future rates approved by the relevant regulator. Likewise,
certain credits that would otherwise be reflected as income are
deferred as regulatory provisions. LG&E Energys
current or expected recovery of deferred costs and expected
return of deferred credits is generally based on specific
ratemaking decisions or precedent for each item.
The U.S. Midwest market unit currently receives interest on all
regulatory assets except for certain assets that have separate
rate mechanisms providing for recovery within twelve months.
Additionally, no interest is earned on the asset retirement
obligation (ARO) regulatory asset. This regulatory
asset will be offset against the associated regulatory
liability, ARO asset and ARO liability at the time the
underlying asset is retired.
U.S. regulatory assets and provisions are included in
Operating receivables and other operating assets and
Other provisions, respectively.
F-13
Provisions for Pensions
The valuation of pension liabilities is based on actuarial
computations using the projected unit credit method in
accordance with SFAS No. 87, Employers
Accounting for Pensions (SFAS 87), and
SFAS No. 106, Employers Accounting for
Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions
(SFAS 106). The interpretation of the Emerging
Issues Task Force (EITF) Issue 03-4
(EITF 03-4), Determining the
Classification and Benefit Attribution Method for a Cash
Balance Pension Plan, has been adopted for pension
plans of the type described therein. The expanded disclosure
requirements outlined in SFAS No. 132 (revised 2003),
Employers Disclosures about Pensions and Other
Postretirement Benefits (SFAS 132R), were
followed by E.ON for all domestic and foreign pension plans.
Other Provisions and Liabilities
Other provisions and liabilities are recorded when an obligation
to a third party has been incurred, the payment is probable and
the amount can be reasonably estimated.
SFAS 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement
Obligations (SFAS 143), requires that,
for fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2002, the fair
value of a liability arising from the retirement or disposal of
an asset be recognized in the period in which it is incurred if
a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. When the
liability is recorded, the Company must capitalize the costs of
the liability by increasing the carrying amount of the
long-lived asset. In subsequent periods, the liability is
accreted to its present value and the carrying amount of the
asset is depreciated over its useful life. Provisions for
nuclear decommissioning costs are based on external studies and
are continuously updated. Other provisions for the retirement or
decommissioning of property, plant and equipment are based on
estimates of the amount needed to fulfill the obligations.
Changes to these estimates arise pursuant to SFAS 143,
particularly when there are deviations from original cost
estimates or changes to the payment schedule or the level of
relevant obligation. The liability must be adjusted in the case
of both negative and positive changes to estimates (i.e. when
the liability is less or greater than the accreted prior-year
liability less utilization). Such an adjustment is usually made
without affecting net income, and with a corresponding
adjustment to fixed assets. Provisions for liabilities are
accreted annually at the same interest rate that was used to
establish fair value. The interest rate for existing liabilities
will not be changed in future years. For new liabilities, as
well as for increases in fair value due to changes in estimates
that are treated like new liabilities, the interest rate to be
used for subsequent valuations will be the interest rate that
was valid at the time the new liability was incurred or the
change in estimate occurred.
The Companys initial application of SFAS 143 on
January 1, 2003 resulted in an increase of
1,370 million
in the existing provisions from the retirement or
decommissioning of fixed assets. Net book values of long-lived
assets were increased by
262 million
through capitalization of asset retirement costs. Also posted
were receivables in the amount of
360 million
from the Swedish national fund for nuclear waste management (see
Note 13) and in the amount of
14 million
for a U.S. regulatory asset. A net effect of
448 million
after deferred taxes
(734 million
before deferred taxes) arising from the adoption of
SFAS 143 was reported in the Consolidated Statement of
Income as a cumulative effect of changes in accounting
principle. Interest resulting from the accretion of asset
retirement obligations in the amount of
486 million
for 2003 is shown in financial earnings.
FASB Interpretation No. 45, Guarantors
Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including
Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others
(FIN 45), requires the guarantor to recognize a
liability for the fair value of an obligation assumed under
certain guarantees. It also expands the scope of the disclosures
made concerning such guarantees. Note 25 contains
additional information on significant guarantees that have been
entered into by E.ON.
Deferred Taxes
Under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income
Taxes (SFAS 109), deferred taxes are
recognized for all temporary differences between the applicable
tax balance sheets and the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Deferred
tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated
future tax consequences attributable to differences
F-14
between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing
assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases.
SFAS 109 also requires the recognition of the future tax
benefits of net operating loss carryforwards. A valuation
allowance is established when the deferred tax assets are not
expected to be realized within a reasonable period of time.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the
enacted tax rates expected to be applicable for taxable income
in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and
liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income for
the period that includes the enactment date. The deferred taxes
for German companies during the reporting year were generally
calculated using a tax rate of 39 percent (2003:
39 percent; 2002: 39 percent) on the basis of a
federal statutory rate of 25 percent for corporate income
tax, a solidarity surcharge of 5.5 percent on corporate
tax, and the average trade tax rate applicable for E.ON. Because
of the enactment in Germany of the Flood Victims Solidarity Act
of 2002 (Flutopfersolidaritätsgesetz), the
German corporate tax rate was raised from 25 percent to
26.5 percent for 2003 only. The higher tax rate was thus
applied to all temporary differences that were in effect in
2003. Foreign subsidiaries use applicable national tax rates.
Note 7 shows the major temporary differences so recorded.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities
(SFAS 133), as amended by
SFAS No. 137, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities Deferral of the
Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133 an
amendment of FASB Statement No. 133
(SFAS 137), and SFAS No. 138,
Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain
Hedging Activities an amendment of FASB Statement
No. 133 (SFAS 138), as well as the
interpretations of the Derivatives Implementation Group
(DIG), are applied as amended by
SFAS No. 149, Amendment of Statement 133 on
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
(SFAS 149). SFAS 133 contains accounting
and reporting standards for hedge accounting and for derivative
financial instruments, including certain derivative financial
instruments embedded in other contracts.
Instruments commonly used are foreign currency forwards, swaps
and options, interest-rate swaps and cross-currency swaps.
Equity swaps are entered into to cover price risks on
securities. In commodities, the instruments used include
physically and financially settled forwards and options based on
the prices of electricity, gas, coal, oil and emission rights.
As part of conducting operations in commodities, derivatives and
emission rights are also acquired for trading purposes. Income
and losses from these trading instruments are shown net in the
Consolidated Statement of Income.
SFAS 133 requires that all derivatives be recognized as
either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
and measured at fair value. Depending on the documented
designation of a derivative instrument, any change in fair value
is recognized either in net income or stockholders equity
(as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income;
OCI).
SFAS 133 prescribes requirements for designation and
documentation of hedging relationships and ongoing retrospective
and prospective assessments of effectiveness in order to qualify
for hedge accounting. The Company does not exclude any component
of derivative gains and losses from the assessment of hedge
effectiveness. Hedge accounting is considered to be appropriate
if the assessment of hedge effectiveness indicates that the
change in fair value of the designated hedging instrument is 80
to 125 percent effective at offsetting the change in fair
value due to the hedged risk of the hedged item or transaction.
If possible, the shortcut method in assessing effectiveness of
interest rate hedges is applied.
For qualifying fair value hedges, the change in the fair value
of the derivative and the change in the fair value of the hedged
item that is due to the hedged risk(s) are recorded in income.
If a derivative instrument qualifies as a cash flow hedge, the
effective portion of the hedging instruments gain or loss
is reported in stockholders equity (as a component of
accumulated other comprehensive income) and is reclassified into
earnings in the period or periods during which the transaction
being hedged affects earnings. For hedging instruments used to
establish cash flow hedges, the change in fair value of the
ineffective portion is recorded in current earnings. To
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hedge the foreign currency risk arising from the Companys
net investment in foreign operations, derivative as well as
non-derivative financial instruments are used. Gains or losses
due to fluctuations in market rates are recorded in the
cumulative translation adjustment within stockholders
equity as a currency translation adjustment in accumulated other
comprehensive income.
Fair values of derivative instruments are classified as
operating assets or liabilities. Changes in fair value of
derivative instruments affecting income are classified as other
operating income or expenses. Realized gains and losses of
derivative instruments relating to sales of the Companys
products are principally recognized in sales or cost of goods
sold.
Please see Note 28 for additional information regarding the
Companys use of derivative instruments.
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
The Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows is classified by
operating, investing and financing activities pursuant to
SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows
(SFAS 95). Cash flows from and to discontinued
operations are not included in the Consolidated Statement of
Cash Flows, and prior-year figures are adjusted accordingly. The
separate line item, Other non-cash income and
expenses, mainly comprises undistributed income from
companies valued at equity. Effects of changes in the scope of
consolidation are shown in investing activities, but have been
eliminated from operating and financing activities. This also
applies to valuation changes due to exchange rate fluctuations,
whose impact on cash and cash equivalents is separately
disclosed.
Segment Information
The Companys segment reporting is prepared in accordance
with SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of
an Enterprise and Related Information
(SFAS 131). The management approach required by
SFAS 131 designates that the internal reporting
organization that is used by management for making operating
decisions and assessing performance should be used as the source
for presenting the Companys reportable segments (see
Note 31).
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements
requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may
affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent amounts as of the balance sheet date
and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from these
estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications to the prior years presentation
are made to conform with the current year presentation.
New Accounting Pronouncements
The FASB issued new rules on the measurement of inventories with
the publication of SFAS 151, Inventory Cost, an
amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4
(SFAS 151) in November 2004. This standard
strengthens the requirement that abnormally high vacancy, wasted
material, freight and processing costs not be part of
recognizable production costs. Such costs must instead be
expensed as incurred. Accordingly, fixed costs shall henceforth
be allocated to inventory based on normal production capacity.
The application of SFAS 151 is mandatory for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2004. No significant effects
on the Companys assets, financial condition or results are
expected to result from the initial adoption of the standard.
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS 153, Exchanges
of Nonmonetary Assets, an amendment of APB Opinion
No. 29 (SFAS 153), which requires
measurement at fair value of exchanges of nonmonetary assets.
Measurement at fair value is required when the cash flow
projections of the reporting entity are influenced by the
transaction in question. SFAS 153 includes an exception for
the exchange of assets during a joint venture in the oil and gas
production industry. Because such exchanges are normally
undertaken for purposes of risk
F-16
diversification and to improve the utilization of capacity,
gains and losses are not required to be recognized for these
transactions. The application of this standard is mandatory for
fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2005. No significant
effects on the Companys assets, financial condition or
results are expected to result from the initial adoption of
SFAS 153.
In December 2004, the FASB also published a revised version of
SFAS 123, Share-Based Payment
(SFAS 123R). For E.ON this means that in the
future, liabilities resulting from the Companys
stock-based employee compensation program will have to be
reported at their fair value and recognized as an expense in the
income statement. Public entities that do not file as small
business issuers must initially apply the amended regulations of
SFAS 123R in the first interim period beginning after
June 15, 2005. No significant effects on E.ONs
assets, financial condition and results are expected to result
from the initial adoption of SFAS 123R.
(3) Scope of Consolidation
Changes to the scope of consolidation in the reporting year are
listed below:
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Scope of Consolidation |
|
Domestic | |
|
Foreign | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Consolidated companies as of December 31, 2003
|
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
409 |
|
|
|
597 |
|
Additions
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
Disposals
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(46 |
) |
|
|
(66 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated companies as of December 31, 2004
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
469 |
|
|
|
666 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the time of the initial application of FIN 46 on
July 1, 2003, two jointly managed electricity generation
companies, two real estate leasing companies and two companies
managing investments were identified as variable interest
entities and included in the Consolidated Financial Statements
of the E.ON Group. One other special-purpose entity for the
management and disposal of real estate has been fully
consolidated since contractual relationships commenced in 2003.
When additional interests were acquired in 2004, the revised
FASB Interpretation No. 46 (FIN 46R)
ceased to apply to one previously jointly managed electricity
generation company and to one company managing investments. As
of October 1, 2004, one other electricity generation
company was fully consolidated into the E.ON Group for the first
time in accordance with the provisions of FIN 46R. These
variable interest entities included in the E.ON Group had assets
and liabilities of
1,109 million
(2003:
1,564 million)
and recorded earnings of
91 million
(2003: loss of
25 million)
before consolidation.
105 million
of the fixed assets of one variable interest entity serve as
security for financial leasing and bank credits. The recourse of
creditors of the consolidated variable interest entities to the
assets of the consolidating companies is generally limited. Two
variable interest entities have no such limitation of recourse.
The consolidating companies are liable for
90 million
in respect of these two entities.
In addition, the Company has had contractual relationships with
another leasing company in the energy sector since July 1,
2000. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of this
variable interest entity. This company had total assets of
120 million
on December 31, 2004 (2003:
148 million),
and reported earnings of
29 million
(2003:
27 million).
The E.ON Groups maximum exposure to loss related to its
association with this variable interest entity is approximately
15 million.
It is considered unlikely that these losses will be realized.
The extent of E.ONs interest in another variable interest
entity, which has been in existence since 2001 and will
terminate in 2005, cannot be assessed in accordance with the
FIN 46R criteria due to insufficient information. The
entity handles the liquidation of assets from operations that
have already been sold. Original assets and liabilities were
127 million.
No adverse future impact on income is expected from the
operation of this entity.
In 2004, a total of 134 domestic and 78 foreign
associated companies were valued at equity (2003:
135 domestic and 69 foreign). See Note 4 for
additional information on acquisitions, disposals, discontinued
operations and disposal groups.
F-17
(4) Acquisitions, Disposals, Discontinued Operations and
Disposal Groups
The presentation of E.ONs acquisitions, disposals,
discontinued operations and disposal groups in this Note is
based on SFAS 141 and 144. Pursuant to these standards,
acquisitions and disposals are classified as either
significant or other. Additional
information is provided for significant acquisitions and
disposals. Information regarding multi-step acquisitions
occurring over different reporting periods has been provided in
the year the most recent step has taken place. Details regarding
disposals and discontinued operations are generally provided in
the reporting period when the most significant portion of the
overall transaction has taken place.
All acquisitions and disposals are consistent with E.ONs
strategy for growth, which is to focus on its activities in the
electricity and gas sectors.
Acquisitions in 2004:
Significant Acquisitions in 2004
U.K.
Midlands Electricity
On January 16, 2004, E.ON UK completed the acquisition of
100 percent of the British distributor of electricity
Midlands Electricity plc (Midlands Electricity),
Worcester, U.K. The purchase price, including incidental
acquisition expenses, amounted to
1,706 million
(GBP 1,180 million), of which
55 million
was paid to stockholders and
881 million
was paid to creditors. Moreover, financial debts amounting to an
equivalent of
856 million
were assumed. The payments to stockholders were offset by
acquired liquid funds of
86 million.
The company was thus fully consolidated as of January 16,
2004.
The table below contains a presentation of the major classes of
assets and liabilities of Midlands Electricity as of the
acquisition date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
January 16, | |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
Intangible assets
|
|
|
10 |
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
473 |
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
1,745 |
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
34 |
|
Non-fixed assets
|
|
|
197 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
2,479 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(178 |
) |
Liabilities
|
|
|
(1,911 |
) |
Other liabilities
|
|
|
(335 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
(2,424 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net assets
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
The following condensed unaudited pro forma consolidated results
of operations of the E.ON Group are presented as if the complete
acquisition of Midlands Electricity had taken place on
January 1, 2004, and the acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas (for
further details on the transactions, please see page F-21)
had taken place on January 1, 2003. Adjustments to
E.ONs historical information have been made for the
acquirees results of operations prior to the respective
dates of acquisition. In addition, adjustments were made for
depreciation, amortization and related tax effects resulting
from the purchase price allocation. The pro forma figures also
F-18
include adjustments to include interest costs determined on the
basis of E.ONs average interest rate for external debt,
taking into consideration the respective financing structures.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
in millions |
|
unaudited | |
|
unaudited | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Net sales
|
|
|
44,769 |
|
|
|
44,434 |
|
Income before changes in accounting principles
|
|
|
4,343 |
|
|
|
5,156 |
|
Net income
|
|
|
4,343 |
|
|
|
4,726 |
|
Earnings per share (in
)
|
|
|
6.61 |
|
|
|
7.23 |
|
This unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily
indicative of what the actual combined results of operations
might have been had the acquisitions occurred at the beginning
of the respective periods presented.
Other Acquisitions in 2004
Central Europe
JME/ JCE
In 2003, majority stakes in two Czech regional utilities,
Jihomoravská energetika a.s. (JME), Brno, Czech
Republic, and Jihoceská energetika a.s. (JCE),
Ceské Budejovice, Czech Republic, were acquired for a total
of
207 million,
and both companies were fully consolidated on October 1,
2003. In December 2004, additional interests in JME and JCE were
acquired; these transactions increased the Companys
respective interests in JME and JCE from 85.7 percent and
84.7 percent as of December 31, 2003, to
99.0 percent and 98.7 percent as of December 31,
2004. The total purchase price in 2004 amounted to
81 million.
As of December 31, 2003, goodwill amounting to
152 million
had resulted from the preliminary purchase price allocations.
This was reduced to
48 million
following the final allocation of the purchase prices for the
tranches that had been initially consolidated in 2003. For the
interests acquired in 2004, no goodwill remained after purchase
price allocation.
E.ON Bayern
In June 2003, a meeting of shareholders of E.ON Bayern AG
(E.ON Bayern), Regensburg, Germany, had authorized
E.ON Energie to acquire the outstanding shares of E.ON Bayern
held by minority shareholders by means of a squeeze-out
procedure. Following the conclusion of all legal challenges to
the squeeze-out procedure, the squeeze-out was entered in the
commercial register in July 2004. Subsequent to that
registration, E.ON held 100 percent of E.ON Bayern.
Prior to the squeeze-out, E.ON Energie had already acquired
approximately 1.6 percent of the shares of E.ON Bayern in
2003, at an acquisition cost of
159 million.
That acquisition, which mainly consisted of a transfer of E.ON
shares with a market value of approximately
153 million,
produced goodwill in the amount of
99 million.
The acquisition increased E.ONs stake in E.ON Bayern to
98.9 percent in 2003.
In 2004, the acquisition of the remaining E.ON Bayern shares
resulted in acquisition costs of
189 million,
of which
165 million
were attributable to the transfer of E.ON shares. The goodwill
resulting from this transaction was
148 million.
Pan-European Gas
Thüga
In May 2004, the squeeze-out transaction for the outstanding
shares (3.4 percent) of Thüga Aktiengesellschaft
(Thüga), Munich, Germany, was completed. The
remaining 2.9 million shares were acquired at a purchase
price of
223 million
(including ancillary costs related to the acquisition). The
purchase price allocation of these shares resulted in goodwill
amounting to
106 million.
F-19
In August 2002, the total E.ON Group stake in Thüga, which
was already fully consolidated, was increased by acquiring an
additional 25.1 percent interest to a total of
approximately 87.1 percent as of December 31, 2002. The
purchase price amounted to
1,350 million,
including
632 million
in goodwill resulting from the purchase price allocation
relating to this stake. Through the acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas
AG, E.ON acquired additional shares in 2003. At the
extraordinary general meeting of Thüga shareholders held on
November 28, 2003, it had been decided that E.ON AG would
acquire the remaining shares held by the minority shareholders
in a squeeze-out transaction, as described above. The
squeeze-out was entered in the commercial register in May 2004,
and the total E.ON Group stake in Thüga thus amounted to
100 percent on December 31, 2004 (2003:
96.6 percent).
Nordic
Graninge
In the first half of 2004, Sydkraft increased its stake in
Graninge AB (Graninge), Sollefteå, Sweden, from
79.0 percent as of December 31, 2003, to
100 percent through the acquisition of the outstanding
shares in three tranches for an aggregate price of
307 million
(2.82 billion SEK). The purchase price allocation relating
to these shares resulted in goodwill amounting to
76 million.
In 2003, E.ON increased its stake in Graninge from the
36.3 percent held on January 1, 2003, to
79.0 percent as of December 31, 2003, upon receiving
regulatory antitrust approval for the transaction. To comply
with Swedish stock exchange regulations, such an acquisition of
a majority interest required that a public takeover offer, valid
until January 16, 2004, had to be submitted to the
remaining minority shareholders in November 2003. The
acquisition costs for the stake acquired in 2003 amounted to
628 million.
Graninge was fully consolidated as of November 1, 2003. As
of December 31, 2004, the goodwill relating to the
100 percent interest in Graninge amounted to
233 million.
E.ON has reached an understanding in principle with the
Norwegian utility Statkraft SF (Statkraft), Oslo,
Norway, on the sale of hydroelectric generation capacity that
E.ON had acquired as part of the Graninge acquisition. Contract
negotiations are expected to be completed during the first half
of 2005. Page F-21 provides more information about the disposal.
Other Activities
Viterra
Deutschbau
In 2004, Viterra entered into a non-cancelable option agreement
with the minority shareholders of Deutschbau-Holding GmbH
(Deutschbau), Düsseldorf, Germany. This
agreement conditionally requires Viterra to purchase part or all
of the interests of those shareholders. Viterra must be notified
one year beforehand of the acceptance of the offer. A further
agreement also includes a call option for Viterra or a third
party named by Viterra. Neither option can be exercised until on
or after September 30, 2007. Notice of acceptance of the
offer must be given at least six months before the exercise
date, and the offer must be for all shares.
In October 2004, Viterra made a separate offer to minority
shareholders to purchase the shares held by them. That offer was
accepted by minority shareholders holding 98.6 percent of
the shares not owned by Viterra. The purchase price was
429 million,
of which
62 million
was to be paid in cash following the closing on
December 20, 2004.
367 million
will be paid in five equal annual installments through
2009. Interest will accrue on the respective remaining balances
until the final payment. Subsequent to acquiring these shares in
2004, the E.ON Group has a consolidating interest in Deutschbau
of 99.1 percent as of December 31, 2004.
F-20
Disposals, Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups in
2004:
Disposal Groups in 2004
Nordic
Graninge
As described previously, E.ON has reached an understanding in
principle with the Norwegian utility Statkraft on the sale of
hydroelectric generation capacity that it acquired when it
purchased Graninge. The sales price is expected to be
approximately
500 million.
The table below shows the major balance sheet line items
affected by the transaction which are presented in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2004, under
Assets of disposal groups and Liabilities of
disposal groups:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
Fixed assets
|
|
|
553 |
|
Non-fixed assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
553 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net assets
|
|
|
499 |
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions in 2003:
Significant Acquisitions in 2003
E.ON AG
E.ON Ruhrgas
The acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas in 2003 was a significant
element in the strategy of strengthening E.ON as an integrated
electricity and gas company.
On January 31, 2003, E.ON reached an out-of-court
settlement with nine companies that had filed appeals in state
Superior Court in Düsseldorf, Germany, against the
ministerial approval of the E.ON Ruhrgas takeover. All appeals
were withdrawn. This allowed E.ON to expand its
38.5 percent holding in E.ON Ruhrgas as of
December 31, 2002, through the subsequent acquisition of
the shares belonging to Bergemann GmbH, Essen, Germany, thereby
acquiring a majority of the shares of E.ON Ruhrgas. By the
beginning of March 2003, the remaining shares of E.ON Ruhrgas
had been acquired. The total purchase price amounted to
10.2 billion.
E.ON Ruhrgas was fully consolidated into the Consolidated
Financial Statements on February 1, 2003. Goodwill in the
amount of
2.9 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation.
F-21
The table below summarizes the major classes of assets and
liabilities (excluding goodwill) of E.ON Ruhrgas as of the
acquisition date:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
February 1, | |
in millions |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
Intangible assets
|
|
|
651 |
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
4,191 |
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
4,843 |
|
Non-fixed assets
|
|
|
6,042 |
|
Other assets
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
15,927 |
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(2,098 |
) |
Liabilities
|
|
|
(4,702 |
) |
Other liabilities (including minority interests)
|
|
|
(1,854 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
(8,654 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Net assets (excluding goodwill)
|
|
|
7,273 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other Acquisitions in 2003
Other Activities
Viterra
Frankfurter Siedlungsgesellschaft mbH
In January 2003, Viterra acquired an additional
13.7 percent interest in Frankfurter Siedlungsgesellschaft
mbH (FSG), Frankfurt, Germany, for a price of
49 million,
giving Viterra a 99.8 percent interest in the company as of
December 31, 2003. On January 1, 2002, Viterra
acquired an 86.3 percent interest in FSG, a company which
focuses on the management and the sale of residential real
estate. The total purchase price amounted to
312 million.
In December 2002, Viterra sold a 0.2 percent interest in
FSG to an investor. Viterras ownership interest amounted
to 86.1 percent as of December 31, 2002. No amounts
were assigned to goodwill and intangible assets during the
purchase price allocations in 2002 or 2003, respectively.
Disposals, Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups in
2003:
Significant Disposals in 2003
E.ON AG
Degussa
Effective January 31, 2003, E.ON sold 18.1 percent of
the capital stock of Degussa to RAG Aktiengesellschaft
(RAG), Essen, Germany, pursuant to a public takeover
offer. The sale price amounted to
1,413 million
and resulted in a total gain of
276 million.
However, as E.ON holds a 39.2 percent stake in RAG, the
share of the gain recorded in the Consolidated Statement of
Income was
168 million.
E.ON continued to hold a 46.5 percent interest in Degussa,
which had been accounted for at equity in the Consolidated
Financial Statements thereafter. Degussa is jointly managed by
E.ON and RAG pursuant to the shareholders agreement of
May 20, 2002.
In addition, E.ON and RAG entered into a forward contract
according to which RAG would purchase an additional
3.6 percent of the capital stock of Degussa by May 31,
2004, to secure a 50.1 percent holding in the company. This
transaction closed in accordance with the agreement on
May 31, 2004. The sale for
283 million
resulted in gains of
84 million,
of which intercompany gains due to E.ONs stake in RAG of
39.2 percent had to be adjusted. A gain of
51 million
was thus realized from the sale. As of December 31, 2004,
E.ON retains a 42.9 percent stake in Degussa.
F-22
Bouygues Telecom
In January 2003 E.ON entered into an agreement with the Bouygues
Group, Paris, France, on the two-step disposal of E.ONs
15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom S.A.
(Bouygues Telecom), Boulogne-Billancourt, France,
the third-largest cellular phone company in France. In the first
quarter of 2003, E.ON realized a gain of
294 million
from the first step, the sale of 5.8 percent of Bouygues Telecom
shares at a price of
394 million.
In October of that year, the Bouygues Group exercised a call
option to purchase the remaining 10.1 percent interest in
Bouygues Telecom by December 30, 2003, at a price of
692 million.
A further gain of
546 million
was realized on this transaction.
The gains from the disposal of the Degussa and Bouygues Telecom
shares are accounted for under Other operating
income. Please see Note 5 for further details.
Central Europe/ Pan-European Gas
The ministerial approval of the acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas of
July 5, 2002 (amended September 18, 2002) includes,
among other requirements, the requirement that E.ON disposes of
the following interests by February 2004:
|
|
|
|
|
Bayerngas GmbH (Bayerngas), Munich, Germany (held by
E.ON Energie (22.0 percent) and E.ON Ruhrgas
(22.0 percent)) |
|
|
|
Gelsenwasser AG (Gelsenwasser), Gelsenkirchen,
Germany (E.ON Energie (80.5 percent)) |
|
|
|
swb AG (swb), Bremen, Germany (E.ON Energie
(22.0 percent) and E.ON Ruhrgas (10.4 percent)) |
|
|
|
Verbundnetz Gas AG (VNG), Leipzig, Germany (E.ON
Energie (5.3 percent) and E.ON Ruhrgas (36.8 percent)) |
|
|
|
EWE Aktiengesellschaft (EWE), Oldenburg, Germany
(E.ON Energie (27.4 percent)) |
Bayerngas
At the end of July 2003, E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas entered
into sales contracts on the disposal of their Bayerngas
holdings. Each company had a 22.0 percent interest in Bayerngas.
The city of Landshut, Germany, and the municipal utilities of
the German cities of Munich, Augsburg, Regensburg and Ingolstadt
purchased the shares in the fourth quarter of 2003 following
receipt of required approvals by the responsible committees and
the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Labor. E.ON
realized a gain of
22 million
on the complete sale, at a price of
127 million.
No gain was realized on the sale of the Bayerngas shares held by
E.ON Ruhrgas, as these shares had been recorded at their fair
value at the time of E.ONs consolidation of E.ON Ruhrgas.
Gelsenwasser
In September 2003, E.ON Energie sold its interest in
Gelsenwasser to a joint venture owned by the municipal utilities
of the German cities of Dortmund and Bochum. Further information
can be found under Discontinued Operations in 2003,
on page F-25.
swb
In November 2003, E.ON Energie sold its entire interest in E.ON
Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft mbH (E.ON
Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft), Munich, Germany, to EWE
for
305 million.
E.ON Energiebeteiligungs-Gesellschaft held 32.4 percent of
the shares of swb (comprising all of the shares previously held
by E.ON Energie and E.ON Ruhrgas). The gain of
85 million
resulting from the sale pertains solely to the portion held by
E.ON Energie, because the swb shares held by E.ON Ruhrgas were
recorded at their fair value at the time of E.ONs
consolidation of E.ON Ruhrgas.
F-23
VNG/ EWE
Contracts for the sale of E.ONs interests in VNG and EWE
were concluded in December 2003. Completion of the sales was,
however, conditional on the approvals of the companies
respective boards and on regulatory approvals.
On January 26, 2004, the two main shareholders in EWE,
Energieverband Elbe-Weser Beteiligungsholding GmbH and Weser-Ems
Energiebeteiligungen GmbH, acquired the E.ON Energie stake in
EWE (27.4 percent) when they exercised their preferential
subscription rights. The share purchase and transfer agreement
of December 8, 2003, was thus implemented in full. E.ON
recorded proceeds of approximately
520 million
from the disposal of the EWE shares and a net book gain of
257 million.
On January 28, 2004, EWE acquired 32.1 percent of the
VNG interest. The remaining 10.0 percent were offered to
and acquired by eastern German municipalities at the same sales
price in accordance with the requirements of the ministerial
approval. The total sales price was approximately
899 million.
From the sale, E.ON recorded a net book gain of
60 million
on the 5.3 percent share in VNG originally held by E.ON
Energie. The 36.8 percent share held through E.ON Ruhrgas
was recorded at its fair value at the time of the purchase price
allocation undertaken after the acquisition of the company, and
therefore no net book gain was attained when this stake was sold.
Discontinued Operations in 2003
The sales of E.ONs former VEBA Oel and MEMC segments,
which took place in 2002 and 2001, respectively, but had not
been finalized as of the end of 2002, were reported in 2003
under discontinued operations, in accordance with SFAS 144.
Viterra and U.S. Midwest also disposed of certain operations and
assets. In addition, as part of the requirements included in the
ministerial approval for the acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas,
Central Europe classified its interest in Gelsenwasser as an
asset held for sale. Amounts in the Consolidated Statements of
Income and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for 2003,
including the notes thereto, have been adjusted to reflect these
discontinued operations.
E.ON AG
VEBA Oel
In July 2001, E.ON AG and BP plc. (BP), London,
U.K., entered into an agreement pursuant to which BP agreed to
acquire a 51.0 percent stake in VEBA Oel AG (VEBA
Oel), Gelsenkirchen, Germany, then a 100 percent
subsidiary of E.ON AG, through a capital increase. The agreement
also provided E.ON with a put option that allowed it to sell the
remaining 49.0 percent of shares in VEBA Oel to BP at any
time from April 1, 2002. In December 2001, the German
Federal Cartel Office (Bundeskartellamt) cleared the
transaction. The capital increase took place on February 7,
2002, in which BP contributed approximately
2.9 billion.
Simultaneous to this capital increase, intercompany loans
granted to VEBA Oel in the amount of
1.9 billion
were repaid. Prior to this, VEBA Oel, on January 29, 2002,
sold its entire exploration and production business to
Petro-Canada Limited, Alberta, Canada, for approximately
2.4 billion.
As of June 30, 2002, E.ON AG exercised its put option and
sold the remaining 49.0 percent of VEBA Oel to BP,
receiving approximately
2.8 billion.
The final sales price payable under the contract depended on
numerous conditions and settlement modalities, and especially on
the proceeds BP would generate from the sale of VEBA Oels
exploration and production businesses. In view of the political
conditions in Venezuela at that time, it was not possible to
sell the Venezuelan operations. In April 2003, E.ON and BP
therefore agreed on a final purchase price for VEBA
Oel without impact on the customary
indemnifications. This resulted in a total price of
approximately
2.9 billion
for VEBA Oel, and E.ON posted a book gain from the sale in the
2002 fiscal year, followed by a pre-tax loss of
35 million
in 2003 (after-tax loss:
37 million).
Claims asserted under the customary indemnifications in 2004
resulted in an additional loss of
19 million
in 2004 before taxes (after-tax loss:
19 million).
F-24
The following table provides details of selected financial
information from the discontinued operations of the former Oil
segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,703 |
|
Gain/(Loss) on disposal, net
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
1,367 |
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1,284 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
and minority interests
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
1,786 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
1,784 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MEMC
On September 30, 2001, E.ON entered into an agreement to
sell its silicon wafer operations to the Texas Pacific Group,
Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. The symbolic price of USD 6.00 was
paid for E.ONs 71.8 percent interest and shareholder
loans in MEMC Electronic Materials, Inc. (MEMC),
St. Peters, Missouri, U.S. The transaction closed on
November 13, 2001. The purchase price was initially subject
to adjustment if MEMC met certain predefined operating
objectives for 2002. In August 2003 E.ON and the purchaser
reached agreement on the final purchase price, and the result
was a net gain from discontinued operations of
14 million.
Central Europe
Gelsenwasser
In September 2003, E.ON Energie sold its 80.5 percent
interest in Gelsenwasser to a joint venture owned by the
municipal utilities of the German cities of Dortmund and Bochum
for
835 million.
This resulted in a gain of
418 million.
The sale brought E.ON a step closer to fulfilling the
ministerial approval requirements for the acquisition of E.ON
Ruhrgas, as previously mentioned in connection with the disposal
activities of 2003.
The following table provides details of selected financial
information from the discontinued operations of this disposal
group for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
369 |
|
Gain on disposal, net
|
|
|
418 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(201 |
) |
|
|
(314 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
479 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Midwest
CRC-Evans
CRC-Evans International Inc. (CRC-Evans), Houston,
Texas, U.S., was a wholly-owned subsidiary of LG&E Energy,
acquired in 1999. CRC-Evans is a provider of equipment and
services for the construction and maintenance of natural gas and
oil pipelines. The conditions imposed by the SEC on E.ON
UKs acquisition of LG&E Energy included the disposal
of this business. In November 2003, LG&E Energy sold its
stake in CRC-Evans for
37 million.
CRC-Evans was deconsolidated as of October 31, 2003. With
revenues of
73 million
in 2003, this discontinued operation produced earnings before
and after taxes that were well below
1 million
in each of 2003 and 2002.
F-25
Other Activities
Viterra
Viterra Energy Services/ Viterra Contracting
At the end of 2002, Viterra Energy Services AG (Viterra
Energy Services), Essen, Germany, a subsidiary which
provided heat and water metering services for residential and
commercial property, was accounted for as a discontinued
operation in E.ONs Consolidated Financial Statements. In
April 2003, Viterra sold its wholly-owned service subsidiary to
CVC Capital Partners. The transaction was completed in June
2003. At the beginning of 2003, Viterra Contracting GmbH
(Viterra Contracting), Bochum, Germany, was also
sold. Viterra received proceeds totaling
961 million,
including approximately
112 million
in liabilities assumed by the purchaser, and realized an
aggregate gain in the amount of
641 million.
In 2004, pre-tax gains of
10 million
were realized from the reversal of provisions that had to be
established in connection with the disposals in 2003 (after-tax
gain:
10 million).
Both disposals reflected Viterras strategy of focusing on
residential real estate and real estate development.
The table below provides aggregated details of selected
financial information from the discontinued operations of
Viterra for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
468 |
|
Gain on disposal, net
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(145 |
) |
|
|
(376 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
698 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
(39 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
681 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisitions in 2002:
Significant Acquisitions in 2002
E.ON AG
E.ON UK plc
In July 2002, E.ON acquired 100 percent of the issued share
capital of E.ON UK, an integrated utility business, for total
cash consideration of
7.8 billion.
The acquisition was made following a conditional offer with a
fixed price to E.ON UK shareholders according to English law. In
addition, the Company assumed
7.4 billion
of debt. Goodwill in the amount of
8.9 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation. E.ON UK was fully
consolidated as of July 1, 2002. Due to the circumstances
described in Note 11a), a goodwill impairment charge of
2.4 billion
was recorded on the acquisition date.
U.K.
TXU Europe Group plc
In October 2002, E.ON UK acquired the U.K.-based retail business
operations of TXU Europe for total consideration of
2.2 billion.
E.ON UK also agreed to fund working capital requirements
associated with these operations in the amount of
0.4 billion.
In addition to the retail business, E.ON UK acquired three
coal-fired power plants and certain long-term gas supply
contracts. Goodwill in the amount of
2.3 billion
resulted from the purchase price allocation. The operations
acquired from TXU Europe were fully consolidated as of
October 21, 2002.
F-26
The following table provides details of a condensed balance
sheet disclosing the amount assigned to each major asset and
liability caption of the acquired entities on their respective
acquisition dates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
July 1, 2002 | |
|
October 21, 2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
E.ON UK | |
|
|
in millions |
|
without TXU | |
|
TXU | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Intangible assets
|
|
|
523 |
|
|
|
714 |
|
Goodwill
|
|
|
8,916 |
|
|
|
2,343 |
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
8,164 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
779 |
|
|
|
|
|
Non-fixed assets
|
|
|
1,960 |
|
|
|
558 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
20,342 |
|
|
|
3,643 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(9,321 |
) |
|
|
(679 |
) |
Liabilities
|
|
|
(3,056 |
) |
|
|
(381 |
) |
Other liabilities (including minority interests)
|
|
|
(136 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities
|
|
|
(12,513 |
) |
|
|
(1,060 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets
|
|
|
7,829 |
|
|
|
2,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Acquisitions in 2002
Central Europe
In 2002, E.ON Energie purchased primarily stakes in the
following companies for a total of
1,761 million,
with the final purchase price allocations resulting in aggregate
goodwill of
336 million.
EAM Energie AG
In May 2002, E.ON Energie increased its 46.0 percent
interest in EAM Energie AG (EAM), Kassel, Germany
(formerly: Energie-Aktiengesellschaft Mitteldeutschland), to a
majority interest. EAM was fully consolidated as of June 1,
2002.
E.ON Wesertal Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH
In June 2002, E.ON Energie purchased a 100 percent interest
in E.ON Wesertal Beteiligungsgesellschaft mbH (EWB),
Hamburg, Germany. EWB is a holding company for 100 percent
of the shares of Elektrizitätswerk Wesertal GmbH
(EWW), Hameln, Germany (formerly: Fortum Energie
GmbH). Both companies were fully consolidated as of July 1,
2002.
Elektrizitätswerk Minden-Ravensberg GmbH
In July 2002, E.ON Energie acquired a majority stake in
Elektrizitätswerk Minden-Ravensberg GmbH (EMR),
Herford, Germany, adding to its existing 25.1 percent interest
in EMR as of December 31, 2001 an additional
30.1 percent interest. EMR was fully consolidated as of
August 1, 2002.
Effective January 1, 2003, EWW, EMR and PESAG, Paderborn,
Germany, were merged into E.ON Westfalen Weser AG, Paderborn,
Germany.
Západoslovenská Energetika a.s.
In September 2002, E.ON Energie acquired a 49.0 percent
interest in Západoslovenská Energetika a.s.
(ZSE), Bratislava, Slovak Republic. ZSE is accounted
for under the equity method.
F-27
Észak-dunántúli Áramszolgáltató
Rt.
In November 2002, E.ON Energie acquired an additional
62.9 percent stake in Észak-dunántúli
Áramszolgáltató Rt.
(Édász), Györ, Hungary. Prior to this
acquisition, E.ON Energie owned 27.7 percent of
Édász. Édász was fully consolidated
effective December 1, 2002. An additional 7.0 percent
of Édász was acquired in 2003.
U.K.
E.ON UK Renewables Holdings Limited
In October 2002, E.ON UK acquired the remaining
50.0 percent interest in its former joint venture E.ON UK
Renewables Holdings Limited, Coventry, U.K. (formerly: Powergen
Renewables Holding Limited), for
92 million.
In addition, E.ON UK assumed
57 million
of debt. Total goodwill of
64 million
was recorded in the purchase price allocation.
Nordic
E.ON Finland Oyj
In January and April 2002, E.ON Nordic acquired a majority
interest of 65.6 percent in E.ON Finland (formerly: Espoon
Sähkö Oyj), in two steps. The total purchase price in
2002 amounted to
338 million.
Goodwill in the amount of
86 million
resulted from the purchase price allocation. E.ON Finland was
fully consolidated as of April 1, 2002.
Disposals and Discontinued Operations in 2002:
Significant Disposals in 2002
E.ON AG
Orange S.A.
In June 2002, E.ON exercised its put option to sell all of its
shares in Orange S.A. (Orange), Paris, France, to
France Télécom S.A. (France Télécom), Paris,
France. The exercise price was
9.25 per share.
E.ON received approximately
950 million
in the transaction. E.ON had received the Orange shares as part
of the purchase price for its interest in the Swiss operations
of Orange Communications S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland, which it
sold to France Télécom in November 2000. The sale
resulted in a net loss of
103 million.
Schmalbach-Lubeca AG
In December 2002, AV Packaging GmbH (AV Packaging),
Munich, Germany, a joint venture of Allianz Capital Partners,
Munich, Germany, and E.ON AG, entered into an agreement to sell
Schmalbach-Lubeca AG (Schmalbach-Lubeca), Ratingen,
Germany to Ball Corporation, Indiana, U.S., a packaging
manufacturer, for
1.2 billion.
In July 2002, Schmalbach-Lubeca had sold its PET and White Cap
business units to the Australian packaging manufacturer Amcor
Ltd., Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia, for about
1.8 billion.
The resulting net gain on the disposals was
558 million,
which was recognized in income from companies accounted for at
equity. In 2003,
42 million
was charged against income from continuing operations because of
subsequent purchase price adjustments.
Central Europe
In 2002, the following transactions of E.ON Energie resulted in
a total gain of
286 million:
Rhenag Rheinische Energie Aktiengesellschaft
In January 2002, E.ON Energie split up the partnership that
owned shares in Rhenag Rheinische Energie Aktiengesellschaft
(Rhenag), Cologne, Germany. The net gain on this
transaction was
184 million.
F-28
Watt AG
In July 2002, E.ON Energie sold its entire 24.5 percent
interest in Watt AG (Watt), Dietikon, Switzerland,
for
429 million.
Discontinued Operations in 2002
In 2002, the Company discontinued the operations of its former
Oil, Distribution/ Logistics and Aluminum business segments,
following its disposal of VEBA Oel, Stinnes AG
(Stinnes), Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany, and
VAW aluminium AG (VAW), Bonn, Germany. These
segments were accounted for as discontinued operations in
accordance with SFAS 144. In addition, Degussa and Viterra
either disposed of or classified certain businesses as held for
sale in 2002 and, accordingly, presented the related results of
these operations as discontinued. For additional information
regarding the discontinued operations of VEBA Oel and Viterra,
please see the presentation under Discontinued Operations
in 2003.
E.ON AG
Stinnes
In July 2002, E.ON completed negotiations with Deutsche Bahn AG
(Deutsche Bahn), Berlin, Germany, on the sale of its
65.4 percent shareholding in Stinnes as part of a public
takeover offer by Deutsche Bahn. The proceeds from this sale
were
1.6 billion.
Stinnes was deconsolidated as of September 30, 2002.
The table below provides details of selected income statement
information from the discontinued operations of the former
Distribution/ Logistics segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
8,840 |
|
Gain on disposal, net
|
|
|
588 |
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(8,638 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
790 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(125 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
603 |
|
|
|
|
|
VAW AG
On January 6, 2002, E.ON entered into a share purchase
agreement with Norsk Hydro ASA, Oslo, Norway, to sell
100 percent of its shares and shareholder loans in VAW. The
sales price for the 100 percent interest, the shareholder
loans and other interest-bearing loans amounted to
3.1 billion.
VAW was deconsolidated as of March 15, 2002.
The net gain on disposal of
893 million
does not include the reversal of VAWs negative goodwill of
191 million,
as this amount was required to be recognized as income from a
change in accounting principles upon adoption of SFAS 142
on January 1, 2002.
F-29
The table below provides details of selected income statement
information from the discontinued operations of the former
Aluminium segment for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
807 |
|
Gain on disposal, net
|
|
|
893 |
|
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(763 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
937 |
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from discontinued operations
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
|
|
Degussa
In accordance with Degussas program of divesting non-core
businesses in order to focus on specialty chemicals, the
following operations were sold in 2002 for aggregate proceeds of
866 million
and classified as discontinued operations:
|
|
|
|
|
In January 2002, Degussa sold the companies that had conducted
its gelatin activities to Sobel N.V., Eindhoven, The
Netherlands. The gelatin activities were deconsolidated as of
February 10, 2002. |
|
|
|
In February 2002, Degussa sold its persulfate operations to
Unionchimica Industriale S.p.A., Bergamo, Italy. The persulfate
operations were deconsolidated as of March 31, 2002. |
|
|
|
In February 2002, Degussa sold its textile additives activities
to Giovanni Bozzetto S.p.A., Milan, Italy. The textile additives
activities were deconsolidated as of February 28, 2002. |
|
|
|
In April 2002, Degussa sold SKW Piesteritz Holding GmbH
(SKW Piesteritz), Piesteritz, Germany, to A&A
Stickstoff Holding AG, Binningen, Switzerland. SKW Piesteritz
was deconsolidated as of June 30, 2002. |
|
|
|
In June 2002, Degussa sold Degussa Bank GmbH (Degussa
Bank), Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to the Allgemeine
Deutsche Direktbank AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Degussa Bank
was deconsolidated as of June 30, 2002. |
|
|
|
In August 2002, Degussa sold Viatris GmbH & Co. KG
(Viatris), Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to Advent
International Corporation, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Viatris
was deconsolidated as of September 30, 2002. |
|
|
|
In December 2002, Degussa sold Zentaris AG
(Zentaris), Frankfurt am Main, Germany, to
Æterna Laboratories Inc., Quebec, Canada. Zentaris was
deconsolidated as of December 31, 2002. |
The following table provides details of selected financial
information from the discontinued operations of Degussas
disposal groups for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
410 |
|
Loss on disposal, net
|
|
|
(93 |
) |
Other income (expenses), net
|
|
|
(388 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests
|
|
|
(71 |
) |
Income taxes
|
|
|
(59 |
) |
Minority interests
|
|
|
46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(84 |
) |
|
|
|
|
F-30
(5) Other Operating Income and Expenses
The table below provides details of other operating
income/expenses, net:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Gains from the disposal of businesses and/or fixed assets
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
1,783 |
|
|
|
1,045 |
|
Gains on derivative instruments, net
|
|
|
585 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
(172 |
) |
Exchange rate differences
|
|
|
(311 |
) |
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
SAB 51 gain
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
105 |
|
Research and development costs
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(69 |
) |
|
|
(380 |
) |
Write-down of current assets
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(211 |
) |
|
|
(73 |
) |
Miscellaneous
|
|
|
647 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
(306 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,735 |
|
|
|
2,091 |
|
|
|
236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating expenses include costs that cannot be allocated
to production, selling or administration activities.
Gains on the disposal of businesses and/or fixed assets in 2004
primarily arose from the sale of fixed assets at Viterra
(414 million),
the sale of stakes in EWE and VNG (total gain:
317 million),
the disposal of 3.6 percent of the shares of Degussa AG
(51 million),
the sale of shares in Union Fenosa
(26 million)
and additional disposals of investments held by the Central
Europe market unit
(57 million).
The higher net book gains of
1,783 million
for 2003 included gains from the sale of E.ONs
15.9 percent interest in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
the sale of fixed assets at Viterra
(433 million),
the sale of 18.1 percent of Degussas shares to RAG
(168 million),
as well as from the sale of a number of shareholdings at the
Central Europe market unit (aggregating
150 million).
In 2002, gains from the disposal of businesses and/or fixed
assets primarily comprise gains resulting from the disposal of
investments in subsidiaries by E.ON Energie and of fixed assets
by Viterra.
Net expenses for exchange rate differences increased in 2004
compared with 2003 by
349 million,
reflecting results from the recognition of exchange rate
movements on foreign currency transactions and net realized
losses on foreign currency derivatives. The impact resulting
from exchange rate differences on the overall figure was
partially offset by an increase in gains of
201 million
on the required marking to market of derivatives reported as
Gains on derivative instruments, net. In 2003, gains
on the marking to market of derivatives increased in comparison
with 2002 by
556 million.
A SAB 51 gain in 2002 in the amount of
98 million
related to an increase in equity of E.ONs at-equity
investment, Bouygues Telecom, in which E.ON did not participate.
The reduction in research and development costs from
380 million
in 2002 to
69 million
in 2003 is attributable to the deconsolidation of Degussa.
Miscellaneous other operating income (expenses), net increased
by
481 million,
amounting to income of
647 million
in 2004, as compared with income of
166 million
in 2003. This improved result was primarily attributable to
higher net gains from the sale of short-term securities
(106 million)
and income from the reversal of certain provisions
(151 million).
The increase in miscellaneous other operating income (expenses),
net in 2003 compared with 2002 was primarily attributable to
lower external consulting costs (approximately
150 million)
and increased net gains from sales of short-term securities.
F-31
(6) Financial Earnings
The following table provides details of financial earnings for
the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income from companies in which share investments are held;
thereof from affiliated companies:
41 (2003:
34; 2002:
28)
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
Income from profit- and loss-pooling agreements;
thereof from affiliated companies:
5 (2003:
9; 2002:
15)
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
Income from companies accounted for under the equity method;
thereof from affiliated companies:
4 (2003:
16; 2002:
232)
|
|
|
817 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
1,422 |
|
Losses from companies accounted for under the equity method;
thereof from affiliated companies:
(54) (2003:
(3); 2002:
(40))
|
|
|
(168 |
) |
|
|
(130 |
) |
|
|
(98 |
) |
Losses from profit- and loss-pooling agreements;
thereof from affiliated companies:
(8) (2003:
(12); 2002:
(3))
|
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
Write-down of investments
|
|
|
(77 |
) |
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from share investments
|
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
782 |
|
|
|
1,472 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from other long-term securities
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
Income from long-term loans
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
Other interest and similar income;
thereof from affiliated companies:
9 (2003:
0; 2002:
11)
|
|
|
579 |
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
838 |
|
Interest and similar expenses;
thereof from affiliated companies:
(6) (2003:
(12); 2002:
20)
thereof SFAS 143 accretion expense:
(499) (2003:
(486); 2002:
0)
|
|
|
(1,799 |
) |
|
|
(1,885 |
) |
|
|
(1,375 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest and similar expenses (net)
|
|
|
(1,141 |
) |
|
|
(1,107 |
) |
|
|
(372 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-down of financial assets and long-term loans
|
|
|
(54 |
) |
|
|
(34 |
) |
|
|
(2,373 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial earnings
|
|
|
(433 |
) |
|
|
(359 |
) |
|
|
(1,273 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The income from share investments at the E.ON Group consists
primarily of returns on numerous participations held in the core
energy business. However, the largest single contributing amount
in 2004 resulted from the interest in Degussa accounted for at
equity (a gain of
107 million
from companies accounted for at equity). In 2003, Degussa had
delivered a negative contribution to income from share
investments (a loss of
86 million
from companies accounted for at equity). This loss primarily
reflected the impairment charge recorded at Degussas fine
chemicals division. The impact on E.ON of this impairment
amounted to
86 million
from its directly held share of the Degussa result
(187 million),
which then was 46.5 percent. The stake in Degussa held
indirectly by E.ON through RAG resulted in additional losses.
The total attributable to the indirect stake was
73 million,
of which, however, only
15 million
was recognized in E.ONs losses from companies accounted
for under the equity method in 2003, as the carrying amount of
E.ONs investment in RAG could not be reduced beyond zero.
Income from companies accounted for at equity declined in 2003
compared to 2002 primarily due to the significant gain from the
sale of Schmalbach-Lubeca by AV Packaging in the amount of
558 million
only included in 2002. Note 4 provides more information
about the disposal. Income from companies accounted for at
equity in 2002 includes
173 million
resulting from the sale of a shareholding in STEAG
Aktiengesellschaft (STEAG) by Gesellschaft für
Energiebeteiligungen mbH (GFE) to RAG.
In accordance with SFAS 142, the Company ceased amortizing
goodwill of companies accounted for under the equity method when
it adopted this standard as of January 1, 2002. Losses from
companies accounted for at equity include
86 million
(2003:
0 million;
2002:
0 million)
in impairment charges on goodwill of companies accounted for at
equity.
Interest expense decreased in 2004, primarily because of reduced
gross financial indebtedness and as a result of the lowering of
interest rates. Interest expense is reduced by capitalized
interest on debt totaling
20 million
(2003:
22 million;
2002:
34 million).
Interest expense increased in 2003 as compared to 2002,
primarily due to
F-32
the financing of the acquisitions of E.ON UK and E.ON Ruhrgas as
well as the initial recognition of accretion expense related to
provisions pursuant to SFAS 143 in the amount of
486 million.
Included in interest and similar expenses (net) is a balance of
31 million
(2003:
24 million)
in interest expense resulting from financial relationships with
associated companies and other share investments.
During the course of 2002, E.ON Energie recorded an impairment
in Write-down of financial assets and long-term
loans on its investment in Bayerische Hypo- und
Vereinsbank AG (HypoVereinsbank), Munich, Germany,
in the amount of
1,854 million.
1,380 million
of the write-down was an impairment charge on available-for-sale
securities included in fixed assets, and
474 million
reflected the write-down of securities included in non-fixed
assets. This was to adjust their carrying value to the reduced
fair value of the publicly listed shares as of December 31,
2002. The Company did not consider the decline to be temporary,
given the development of the share price in 2002. In addition,
other securities have also been impaired due to the negative
developments in share prices in 2002.
(7) Income Taxes
The following table provides details of income taxes, including
deferred taxes, for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Current taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic corporate income tax
|
|
|
1,039 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
482 |
|
|
Domestic trade tax on income
|
|
|
492 |
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
Foreign income tax
|
|
|
392 |
|
|
|
283 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,927 |
|
|
|
995 |
|
|
|
853 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred taxes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
|
|
(1,435 |
) |
|
Foreign
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
(78 |
) |
|
|
(80 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
129 |
|
|
|
(1,515 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes
|
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
|
1,124 |
|
|
|
(662 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The increase in tax expenses of
823 million
primarily reflects improvements in operating earnings.
The 2003 Tax Preference Reduction Act
(Steuervergünstigungsabbaugesetz) altered the
regulatory framework regarding the utilization of corporate tax
credits arising from the corporate imputation system
(Anrechnungsverfahren), which existed until 2001.
The main changes include the repeal of the tax credit for
corporate dividends paid out after April 11, 2003, and
before January 1, 2006. This has resulted in an increased
tax burden of approximately
219 million
(2003:
190 million)
on dividend payments in the amount of
1,312 million
(2003:
1,142 million)
in 2004.
The law implementing the German federal governments
protocol declaration on the legislative conference
committees recommendation on the Tax Preference Reduction
Act Basket II (Gesetz zur Umsetzung der
Protokollerklärung der Bundesregierung zur
Vermittlungsempfehlung zum
Steuervergünstigungsabbaugesetz, the so-called
Basket II Act) was enacted on December 22,
2003. This law introduces restrictions to the extent to which
expense deductions can be set against gains on the disposal of
shareholdings in domestic and foreign corporations. A similar
existing rule affecting foreign dividends has now been extended
to cover domestic dividends. Beginning in the 2004 tax year,
5 percent of gains on the disposal of shareholdings and
5 percent of domestic and foreign dividends are deemed to
be non-deductible tax expenses, and are thus subject to both the
corporate tax and the trade tax. This resulted in the initial
recognition of deferred tax liabilities totaling
237 million
in 2003. For the year under review, the change in the law
resulted in a tax expense of
200 million.
No deferred taxes for temporary differences related to foreign
shareholdings held by foreign subsidiaries are disclosed, as it
is impracticable to determine deferred taxes for such temporary
differences.
F-33
Changes in tax rates and tax law in Finland, the Netherlands and
Austria resulted in a total deferred tax benefit of
10 million.
In the previous year, a deferred tax benefit of
206 million
was recorded following changes in tax rates in the Czech
Republic, Italy and Hungary, as well as a change of tax law in
Sweden affecting the taxation of gains on the disposal of
shareholdings in certain corporations that came into effect in
mid-2003.
The profits of E.ON Benelux Generation N.V. (E.ON
Benelux), Voorburg, The Netherlands, E.ON Energies
Dutch subsidiary, were entitled to a tax holiday between 1998
and 2001. Effective January 1, 2002, E.ON Benelux is
subject to the ordinary tax rate of 34.5 percent. The
revaluation of the assets resulted in the initial recognition of
deferred tax assets in the amount of
201 million
in 2002. On December 31, 2003, E.ON Beneluxs deferred
tax assets amounted to
180 million.
In 2002, the write-down and the disposal of securities led to
reversal effects on deferred taxes recorded in other
comprehensive income and resulted in a gain of
613 million.
These deferred taxes recorded in other comprehensive income had
influenced tax expenses in the past, owing to changes to enacted
tax laws.
In light of the positive developments in three precedent-setting
tax proceedings in the lower German tax courts, the Company
released a tax provision in 2001 that had previously been
established to account for a probable liability stemming from
gains from profit- and loss-pooling agreements with former
non-profit real estate companies that were in place during
periods prior to the consolidated tax filing status. In December
2002, the federal tax court confirmed the favorable decisions of
the lower courts. In accordance with that December 2002 tax
court decision, the tax authorities made the appropriate
amendments to the corporate tax assessments for preceding years.
This resulted in the Company receiving tax refunds totaling
351 million.
For financial years ending after December 31, 2003,
pre-consolidation remittance surpluses and shortfalls
(vororganschaftliche Mehr- und
Minderabführungen) have become subject to the revised
provisions of section 14 subsection 3 of the Corporate
Tax Act (KStG), as amended by the Directive
Implementation Act of December 9, 2004
(EURLUmsG). This revised subsection of the KStG
provides that tax-effective transfers of profits and losses that
took place during periods before the profit-and-loss-sharing
agreement came into effect no longer fall under the
profit-and-loss rules applicable to consolidated entities.
Pre-consolidation remittance surpluses and shortfalls are now to
be treated respectively as distributions and capital
contributions, with 5 percent of distributions taxable.
This change in tax law resulted in a tax expense of
152 million
in 2004, including a deferred tax charge of
87 million.
In 2002, the Flood Victims Solidarity Act was enacted, resulting
in an increase in the German corporate tax rate for 2003 only
from 25 percent to 26.5 percent. The tax rate has
reverted to 25 percent in the 2004 tax year (plus a
solidarity surcharge of 5.5 percent).
F-34
The differences between the statutory tax rate in 2004 of
25 percent (2003: 26.5 percent; 2002:
25.0 percent) in Germany and the effective tax rate are
reconciled as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2002 | |
in millions |
|
Amount | |
|
Percent | |
|
Amount | |
|
Percent | |
|
Amount | |
|
Percent | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Corporate income tax
|
|
|
1,700 |
|
|
|
25.0 |
|
|
|
1,468 |
|
|
|
26.5 |
|
|
|
(190 |
) |
|
|
25.0 |
|
Credit for dividend distributions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
23.6 |
|
German municipal trade taxes net of federal tax benefit
|
|
|
460 |
|
|
|
6.8 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
(14.9 |
) |
Foreign tax rate differentials
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
(44 |
) |
|
|
5.8 |
|
Change in valuation allowances
|
|
|
(199 |
) |
|
|
(2.9 |
) |
|
|
543 |
|
|
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
(83 |
) |
|
|
10.9 |
|
Changes in tax rate/tax law
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
0.3 |
|
Tax effects on
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax-free income
|
|
|
(351 |
) |
|
|
(5.2 |
) |
|
|
(415 |
) |
|
|
(7.5 |
) |
|
|
(489 |
) |
|
|
64.5 |
|
|
Equity accounting
|
|
|
(135 |
) |
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
(163 |
) |
|
|
(2.9 |
) |
|
|
(330 |
) |
|
|
43.5 |
|
|
Non-deductible goodwill amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
717 |
|
|
|
(94.5 |
) |
Other(1)
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
(515 |
) |
|
|
(9.3 |
) |
|
|
(175 |
) |
|
|
23.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Effective income taxes/tax rate
|
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
|
28.6 |
|
|
|
1,124 |
|
|
|
20.3 |
|
|
|
(662 |
) |
|
|
87.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Primarily prior-year current/deferred tax charge of
53 million
(2003:
170 million
credit; 2002:
33 million
credit) and a tax charge of
63 million
(2003:
49 million;
2002:
19 million)
arising from non-deductible foreign expenditure. |
As discussed in Note 4, the corporate income taxes relating
to discontinued operations are reported in E.ONs
Consolidated Statement of Income under Income/(Loss) from
discontinued operations, net, and are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
VEBA Oel
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
Stinnes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
125 |
|
Degussa operations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
Viterra Energy Services/ Viterra Contracting
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
VAW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
MEMC
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Gelsenwasser
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and
minority interests was attributable to the following geographic
locations in the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Domestic
|
|
|
3,967 |
|
|
|
3,411 |
|
|
|
620 |
|
Foreign
|
|
|
2,832 |
|
|
|
2,127 |
|
|
|
(1,379 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
6,799 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
(759 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-35
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows as of
December 31, 2004 and 2003 (these are primarily of a
long-term nature):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
Fixed assets
|
|
|
376 |
|
|
|
516 |
|
|
Investments and long-term financial assets
|
|
|
518 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
Receivables
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
4,165 |
|
|
|
3,989 |
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
1,591 |
|
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
|
1,089 |
|
|
|
1,184 |
|
|
Tax credits
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
Other
|
|
|
440 |
|
|
|
280 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
8,737 |
|
|
|
8,286 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(509 |
) |
|
|
(726 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
8,228 |
|
|
|
7,560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
(700 |
) |
|
|
(788 |
) |
|
Fixed assets
|
|
|
(6,155 |
) |
|
|
(5,907 |
) |
|
Investments and long-term financial assets
|
|
|
(1,114 |
) |
|
|
(630 |
) |
|
Inventories
|
|
|
(98 |
) |
|
|
(96 |
) |
|
Receivables
|
|
|
(2,141 |
) |
|
|
(1,694 |
) |
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
(1,086 |
) |
|
|
(1,021 |
) |
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
(1,283 |
) |
|
|
(1,522 |
) |
|
Other
|
|
|
(705 |
) |
|
|
(642 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
(13,282 |
) |
|
|
(12,300 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(5,054 |
) |
|
|
(4,740 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred income taxes included in the Consolidated Balance
Sheet are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Thereof | |
|
|
|
Thereof | |
in millions |
|
Total | |
|
non-current | |
|
Total | |
|
non-current | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
2,060 |
|
|
|
1,865 |
|
|
|
2,251 |
|
|
|
2,123 |
|
Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(509 |
) |
|
|
(506 |
) |
|
|
(726 |
) |
|
|
(722 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax assets
|
|
|
1,551 |
|
|
|
1,359 |
|
|
|
1,525 |
|
|
|
1,401 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(6,605 |
) |
|
|
(5,779 |
) |
|
|
(6,265 |
) |
|
|
(5,744 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(5,054 |
) |
|
|
(4,420 |
) |
|
|
(4,740 |
) |
|
|
(4,343 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The purchase price allocation of the acquisition of Midlands
Electricity resulted in a deferred tax liability of
274 million
as of December 31, 2004.
Deferred tax liabilities of
1,395 million
were established on December 31, 2003, in respect of the
allocation of the purchase price for the acquisition of E.ON
Ruhrgas. In 2002, the purchase price allocations for
E.ON UK and the acquired operations of TXU Europe
resulted in deferred tax liabilities totaling
28 million
as of December 31, 2002. The acquisition of TXU Europe
resulted in tax-deductible goodwill of
2,640 million.
Based on subsidiaries past performance and the expectation
of similar performance in the future, it is expected that the
future taxable income of these subsidiaries will more likely
than not be sufficient to permit recognition of their deferred
tax assets. A valuation allowance has been provided for that
portion of the deferred tax assets for which this criterion is
not expected to be met.
F-36
The Basket II Act changed the way losses are treated
under German tax law. Now a tax loss carryforward can only be
offset against up to 60 percent of taxable income, subject
to a full offset against the first
1 million.
This introduction of minimum corporate taxation became effective
from January 1, 2004, and also applies to trade tax loss
carryforwards.
The tax loss carryforwards as of the dates indicated are as
follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Domestic tax loss carryforwards
|
|
|
4,487 |
|
|
|
6,118 |
|
Foreign tax loss carryforwards
|
|
|
1,158 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,645 |
|
|
|
6,631 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Despite the introduction of minimum taxation, the German tax
loss carryforwards have no expiration date. However, the delayed
ability to utilize tax losses in 2003 resulted in
adjustments to deferred tax assets from corporate tax loss
carryforwards and from trade tax loss carryforwards of
200 million
and
288 million,
respectively. Foreign tax loss carryforwards expire as follows:
65 million
between 2006 and 2009,
619 million
after 2009.
474 million
do not have an expiration date.
Tax credits totaling
34 million
are exclusively foreign and expire as follows:
8 million
in 2005,
6 million
between 2006 and 2009,
8 million
after 2009.
12 million
do not have an expiration date.
(8) Minority Interests in Net Income
Minority stockholders participate in the profits of the
affiliated companies in the amount of
562 million
(2003:
552 million;
2002:
717 million)
and in the losses in the amount of
58 million
(2003:
88 million;
2002:
94 million).
(9) Personnel-Related Information
Personnel Costs
The following table provides details of personnel costs for the
periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Wages and salaries
|
|
|
3,334 |
|
|
|
3,500 |
|
|
|
4,712 |
|
Social security contributions
|
|
|
560 |
|
|
|
590 |
|
|
|
835 |
|
Pension costs and other employee benefits; thereof pension
costs: 768
(2003: 678;
2002: 707)
|
|
|
818 |
|
|
|
816 |
|
|
|
816 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,712 |
|
|
|
4,906 |
|
|
|
6,363 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In 2004, E.ON purchased a total of 211,815 of its ordinary
shares (0.03 percent of E.ONs outstanding
shares) on the open market (2003: 196,920; 0.03 percent) at
an average price
of 58.08
(2003: 46.16)
per share for resale to employees. These shares were sold to
employees at preferential prices between
29.68
and 53.31
per share (2003: between
22.85
and 41.85).
The difference between purchase price and resale price was
charged to personnel costs as wages and salaries.
Further information about the changes in the number of its own
shares held by E.ON AG can be found in Note 17.
Since the 2003 fiscal year, a stock-based employee compensation
program based on E.ON shares has been in place at
the U.K. market unit. Through this program, employees have
the opportunity to purchase E.ON shares and to acquire
additional bonus shares. The cost of issuing these bonus shares
is also recorded under personnel costs as wages and
salaries.
F-37
Stock Appreciation Rights of E.ON AG
In 1999, the E.ON Group introduced a stock-based
compensation plan (Stock Appreciation Rights,
SARs) based on E.ON AG shares. E.ON AG
continued the SAR program by issuing a sixth tranche of
SARs in 2004.
Since all first-tranche SARs (1999 to 2003) were exercised
in full in 2002, there remain liabilities from the second
through sixth tranches in 2004 as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6th tranche | |
|
5th tranche | |
|
4th tranche | |
|
3rd tranche | |
|
2nd tranche | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Date of issuance
|
|
|
Jan. 2, 2004 |
|
|
|
Jan. 2, 2003 |
|
|
|
Jan. 2, 2002 |
|
|
|
Jan. 2, 2001 |
|
|
|
Jan. 3, 2000 |
|
Term
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
|
|
7 years |
|
Blackout period
|
|
|
2 years |
|
|
|
2 years |
|
|
|
2 years |
|
|
|
2 years |
|
|
|
2 years |
|
Price at issuance
(in )
|
|
|
49.05 |
|
|
|
42.11 |
|
|
|
54.95 |
|
|
|
62.95 |
|
|
|
48.35 |
|
Number of participants in year of issuance
|
|
|
356 |
|
|
|
343 |
|
|
|
186 |
|
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
Number of SARs issued (in millions)
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
1.8 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
Exercise hurdle (exercise price exceeds the price at issuance by
at least %)
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
Exercise hurdle (minimum exercise price
in )
|
|
|
53.96 |
|
|
|
46.32 |
|
|
|
60.45 |
|
|
|
75.54 |
|
|
|
58.02 |
|
Intrinsic value as of December 31, 2004
(in )
|
|
|
18.01 |
|
|
|
24.95 |
|
|
|
12.11 |
|
|
|
4.11 |
|
|
|
18.71 |
|
Maximum exercise gain (in
)
|
|
|
49.05 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remainder of SARs as of December 31, 2004 (in millions)
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
1.3 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
Provision as of December 31, 2004
(
in millions)
|
|
|
23.8 |
|
|
|
62.3 |
|
|
|
9.8 |
|
|
|
5.3 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
Exercise gains in 2004
( in millions)
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6.9 |
|
Expense in 2004
( in millions)
|
|
|
23.9 |
|
|
|
50.8 |
|
|
|
17.2 |
|
|
|
5.3 |
|
|
|
7.8 |
|
All the members of the Board of Management of E.ON AG and
certain executives of E.ON AG and of the Central Europe,
Pan-European Gas, U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest market
units, as well as of Viterra, participate in the E.ON AG
SAR program.
SARs can only be issued if the qualified executive owns a
certain minimum number of shares of E.ON stock, which must be
held until the issued SARs expiration date or until they
have all been exercised.
Following the expiration of a two-year blackout period following
issuance, qualified executives can exercise all or a portion of
the SARs issued to them within predetermined exercise windows,
which start four weeks after the publication of an
E.ON Interim Report or Annual Report in the years after the
blackout period of the respective tranches term. The term
of the SARs is limited to a total of 7 years.
Both of the following two conditions must be met before
E.ON SARs may be exercised:
|
|
|
|
|
Between the date of issuance and exercise, the E.ON stock price
must outperform the Dow Jones STOXX Utilities Index
(Price EUR) on at least ten consecutive trading days. |
|
|
|
The E.ON stock price on the exercise date must be at least
10.0 percent (for the second and third tranches: at least
20.0 percent) above the price at issuance. |
SARs that remain unexercised by the employee on the
corresponding tranches last exercise date are considered
to have been exercised automatically on that date.
F-38
When exercising SARs, qualified executives receive cash.
Possible dilutive effects of capital-related measures and
extraordinary dividend payments between the SARs time of
issuance and exercise are taken into consideration when
calculating such compensation.
The amount paid to executives when they exercise their SARs is
the difference between the E.ON AG stock price at the time
of exercise and the underlying stock price at issuance
multiplied by the number of SARs exercised. Beginning with the
sixth tranche, a cap on gains on SARs equal to 100 percent
of the strike price was put in place in order to limit the
effect of unforeseen extraordinary increases in the price of the
underlying stock.
Starting with the fourth tranche, the underlying stock price
equals the average XETRA closing quotations for E.ON stock
during the December prior to issuance. For tranches two and
three, the underlying stock price is the E.ON stock price at the
actual time of issuance.
Once issued, SARs are not transferable, and when the qualified
executive leaves the E.ON Group they may be exercised
according to the SAR conditions either on the next possible
allowed date or, if certain conditions have been fulfilled,
prior to that date. If employment is terminated by the
executive, SARs expire and become void without compensation if
such termination occurs within the two-year blackout period or
if the SARs are not exercised on the next possible exercise date.
In 2004, 605,350 second-tranche and 805,533 fourth-tranche
SARs were exercised. In addition, 49,000 SARs from the
fifth and 6,666 SARs from the sixth tranche were exercised
in accordance with the SAR conditions prior to their normal
exercise window. The gain to the holders on exercise was
15.1 million.
The intrinsic values of the second through sixth tranches are
shown in the table on page F-38 and resulted in an increase
in the liability
to 104.8 million
as of December 31, 2004, which was recognized through
expenses.
The E.ON SAR program has shown the following developments since
2001:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of Options |
|
6th tranche | |
|
5th tranche | |
|
4th tranche | |
|
3rd tranche | |
|
2nd tranche | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Outstanding as of January 1, 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,443,800 |
|
Granted in 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,822,620 |
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised in 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
35,000 |
|
Cancelled in 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
63,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2001
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,822,620 |
|
|
|
1,345,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted in 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,646,419 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised in 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
220,150 |
|
Cancelled in 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(504,720 |
) |
|
|
(301,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2002
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,646,419 |
|
|
|
1,317,900 |
|
|
|
824,650 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted in 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,545,191 |
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised in 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,902 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled in 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(46,000 |
) |
|
|
(17,000 |
) |
|
|
(26,800 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,535,289 |
|
|
|
1,615,419 |
|
|
|
1,300,900 |
|
|
|
797,850 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted in 2004
|
|
|
2,643,847 |
|
|
|
12,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised in 2004
|
|
|
6,666 |
|
|
|
49,000 |
|
|
|
805,533 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
605,350 |
|
Cancelled in 2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding as of December 31, 2004
|
|
|
2,637,181 |
|
|
|
2,498,396 |
|
|
|
809,886 |
|
|
|
1,300,900 |
|
|
|
192,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARs exercisable at year end
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
809,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
192,500 |
|
As of December 31, 2004, none of the SARs in the fifth
and sixth tranches were exercisable because the blackout periods
had not expired. The third tranche was not exercisable because
the minimum exercise price had not been reached.
For additional information about the SARs issued to members
of the Board of Management, please see Note 32.
F-39
Employees
During 2004, the Company employed an average of 70,918 people
(2003: 65,107), not including 2,224 apprentices (2003: 2,261).
The breakdown by segments is shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employees |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Central Europe
|
|
|
37,509 |
|
|
|
34,885 |
|
Pan-European Gas
|
|
|
11,451 |
|
|
|
11,425 |
|
U.K.
|
|
|
10,453 |
|
|
|
6,717 |
|
Nordic
|
|
|
5,908 |
|
|
|
5,726 |
|
U.S. Midwest
|
|
|
3,481 |
|
|
|
3,841 |
|
Corporate Center
|
|
|
418 |
|
|
|
594 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core energy business
|
|
|
69,220 |
|
|
|
63,188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other activities
|
|
|
1,698 |
|
|
|
1,919 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
70,918 |
|
|
|
65,107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(10) Earnings per Share
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the
periods indicated is shown below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
3,950 |
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
1,137 |
|
|
|
3,306 |
|
Income/(Loss) from cumulative effect of changes in accounting
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
principles, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding (in millions)
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
654 |
|
|
|
652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share (in
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from continuing operations
|
|
|
6.62 |
|
|
|
6.04 |
|
|
|
(1.10 |
) |
|
from discontinued operations
|
|
|
(0.01 |
) |
|
|
1.74 |
|
|
|
5.07 |
|
|
from cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.67 |
) |
|
|
0.29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from net income
|
|
|
6.61 |
|
|
|
7.11 |
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The computation of diluted EPS is identical to basic EPS, as
E.ON AG does not have any dilutive securities.
F-40
(11) Fixed Assets
The following table provides information about the developments
of fixed assets during the fiscal year:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition and Production Costs | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Exchange | |
|
Change in | |
|
|
|
|
January 1, | |
|
rate | |
|
scope of | |
|
|
|
December 31, | |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
differences | |
|
consolidation | |
|
Additions | |
|
Disposals | |
|
Transfers | |
|
Impairment | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Goodwill
|
|
|
14,270 |
|
|
|
(316 |
) |
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
(173 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
14,758 |
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
5,436 |
|
|
|
(7 |
) |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
5,428 |
|
Advance payments on intangible assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill and intangible assets
|
|
|
19,706 |
|
|
|
(323 |
) |
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
533 |
|
|
|
79 |
|
|
|
(327 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
20,193 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate, leasehold rights and buildings
|
|
|
19,185 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
379 |
|
|
|
769 |
|
|
|
(322 |
) |
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
18,653 |
|
Technical equipment, plant and machinery
|
|
|
69,736 |
|
|
|
(441 |
) |
|
|
2,878 |
|
|
|
1,316 |
|
|
|
943 |
|
|
|
1,228 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
73,725 |
|
Other equipment, fixtures, furniture and office equipment
|
|
|
3,206 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,222 |
|
Advance payments and construction in progress
|
|
|
1,333 |
|
|
|
(14 |
) |
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
1,111 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
(1,243 |
) |
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1,348 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tangible assets
|
|
|
93,460 |
|
|
|
(423 |
) |
|
|
3,424 |
|
|
|
2,981 |
|
|
|
2,050 |
|
|
|
(277 |
) |
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
96,948 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares in unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
637 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
Shares in associated companies
|
|
|
10,904 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
925 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
10,431 |
|
Other share investments
|
|
|
3,073 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
413 |
|
|
|
(223 |
) |
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
2,560 |
|
Long-term loans to unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
592 |
|
Loans to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
325 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
Total other long-term loans
|
|
|
801 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
281 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
556 |
|
Long-term securities
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
338 |
|
|
|
560 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
17,112 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
(77 |
) |
|
|
1,237 |
|
|
|
2,429 |
|
|
|
(211 |
) |
|
|
230 |
|
|
|
15,519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
130,278 |
|
|
|
(629 |
) |
|
|
4,039 |
|
|
|
4,751 |
|
|
|
4,558 |
|
|
|
(815 |
) |
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
132,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated Depreciation | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Exchange | |
|
Change in | |
|
|
|
Fair value | |
|
|
|
|
January 1, | |
|
rate | |
|
scope of | |
|
|
|
OCI | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
differences | |
|
consolidation | |
|
Additions | |
|
Disposals | |
|
Transfers | |
|
adjustments | |
|
2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Goodwill
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(17 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
304 |
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,647 |
|
Advance payments on intangible assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill and intangible assets
|
|
|
1,598 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,951 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate, leasehold rights and buildings
|
|
|
6,552 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
373 |
|
|
|
357 |
|
|
|
(24 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
6,713 |
|
Technical equipment, plant and machinery
|
|
|
41,916 |
|
|
|
(169 |
) |
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
1,903 |
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
44,433 |
|
Other equipment, fixtures, furniture and office equipment
|
|
|
2,177 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
187 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,216 |
|
Advance payments and construction in progress
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tangible assets
|
|
|
50,663 |
|
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
1,518 |
|
|
|
2,469 |
|
|
|
1,062 |
|
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
53,385 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares in unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
Shares in associated companies
|
|
|
536 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
495 |
|
Other share investments
|
|
|
(920 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
(994 |
) |
|
|
(1,924 |
) |
Long-term loans to unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
18 |
|
Total other long-term loans
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 |
|
Long-term securities
|
|
|
(303 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(65 |
) |
|
|
(368 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
(613 |
) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
53 |
|
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(1,043 |
) |
|
|
(1,744 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
51,648 |
|
|
|
(137 |
) |
|
|
1,540 |
|
|
|
2,850 |
|
|
|
1,139 |
|
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
(1,043 |
) |
|
|
53,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Additional columns below]
[Continued from above table, first column(s) repeated]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book values | |
|
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Goodwill
|
|
|
14,454 |
|
|
|
13,955 |
|
Intangible assets
|
|
|
3,781 |
|
|
|
4,153 |
|
Advance payments on intangible assets
|
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Goodwill and intangible assets
|
|
|
18,242 |
|
|
|
18,108 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate, leasehold rights and buildings
|
|
|
11,940 |
|
|
|
12,633 |
|
Technical equipment, plant and machinery
|
|
|
29,292 |
|
|
|
27,820 |
|
Other equipment, fixtures, furniture and office equipment
|
|
|
1,006 |
|
|
|
1,029 |
|
Advance payments and construction in progress
|
|
|
1,325 |
|
|
|
1,315 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tangible assets
|
|
|
43,563 |
|
|
|
42,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares in unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
571 |
|
|
|
598 |
|
Shares in associated companies
|
|
|
9,936 |
|
|
|
10,368 |
|
Other share investments
|
|
|
4,484 |
|
|
|
3,993 |
|
Long-term loans to unconsolidated affiliates
|
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
695 |
|
Loans to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
296 |
|
Total other long-term loans
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
Long-term securities
|
|
|
834 |
|
|
|
981 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
17,263 |
|
|
|
17,725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
79,068 |
|
|
|
78,630 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-41
|
|
a) |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets |
Goodwill
The Company adopted SFAS 142 as of January 1, 2002. In
accordance with SFAS 142, the Company ceased amortizing
goodwill when it adopted this standard. The carrying amount of
goodwill as of January 1, 2002, was
7,617 million,
of which
1,534 million
related to companies accounted for under the equity method. The
carrying amount of negative goodwill upon adoption, which in
accordance with SFAS 142 was recognized in income, was
191 million.
This amount is reported as Cumulative effect of changes in
accounting principles, net in the Consolidated Statements
of Income.
During the first quarter of 2002, the Company reassessed the
useful lives of all previously acquired intangible assets. As a
result, the Company ceased amortization of certain intangible
assets that it determined to have indefinite lives. These
intangible assets had a total carrying value of
488 million
as of January 1, 2002. They consist primarily of registered
rights of way that are available to E.ON for an indefinite
duration. Before the introduction of SFAS 142, these
easements were depreciated over 40 years.
In addition, the Company reassessed the useful lives of certain
intangible assets with finite lives. The main result of this
reassessment was that the Company changed the estimate of the
useful life of the concession for the utilization of water power
from the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway from 40 to 49 years,
reflecting the remaining term of the concession. The carrying
value of this asset as of January 1, 2002, was
770 million.
By adopting SFAS 142, the Company also had to reclassify to
goodwill any intangible assets that were acquired in business
combinations completed before July 1, 2001 that do not meet
the criteria for recognition apart from goodwill under
SFAS 141. Any intangible asset acquired that meets the
criteria but had been included in the amount reported as
goodwill must be reclassified and accounted for as an asset
apart from goodwill. This resulted in reclassifications from
intangible assets to goodwill in the amount of
24 million
as of January 1, 2002.
The Company was also required to perform a transitional goodwill
impairment test for all reporting units as of January 1,
2002, the date of adoption. For purposes of testing goodwill
impairment, the Company identified its reporting units as one
level below its reportable segments (as reported in
Note 31). E.ON calculated the carrying value of each
reporting unit, which represents the assets (including goodwill)
and liabilities allocated to each reporting unit and also
determined the fair value of each reporting unit. To perform the
goodwill impairment test, the Company determines the fair value
of its reporting units based on a valuation model that draws on
medium-term planning data that the Company uses for internal
reporting purposes. The model uses the discounted cash flow
method and market comparables.
As the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the carrying
value, no impairment charge was recognized as of the date of
adoption.
Goodwill
The carrying amount of goodwill had the following changes in
2004 in each of E.ONs segments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pan- | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central | |
|
European | |
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. | |
|
Corporate | |
|
Energy | |
|
Other | |
|
|
in millions |
|
Europe | |
|
Gas | |
|
U.K. | |
|
Nordic | |
|
Midwest | |
|
Center | |
|
Business | |
|
Activities | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Book value as of January 1, 2004
|
|
|
2,178 |
|
|
|
3,755 |
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
3,367 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,945 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
13,955 |
|
Goodwill additions/disposals
|
|
|
282 |
|
|
|
167 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
994 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
994 |
|
Other changes(1)
|
|
|
(155 |
) |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
(287 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(495 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(495 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Book value as of December 31, 2004
|
|
|
2,305 |
|
|
|
3,920 |
|
|
|
4,779 |
|
|
|
359 |
|
|
|
3,080 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14,444 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
14,454 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Other changes include transfers arising from finalizing purchase
price allocations and exchange rate differences. |
As the fair value of each reporting unit exceeded the carrying
amount, no goodwill impairment charge was recognized in 2004 and
2003 in connection with the testing of goodwill impairment.
F-42
In 2002, an impairment test was performed at reporting-unit
level in the U.K. and the U.S. Midwest market units (the former
Powergen segment) at the time of the acquisition. The Company
consolidated E.ON UK and LG&E Energy effective
July 1, 2002. The purchase price was fixed in April 2001
when the Company made its conditional takeover offer for E.ON UK
(including its former subsidiary LG&E Energy). Since that
time, the market environment for the companies U.K. and
U.S. business units deteriorated significantly; wholesale
electricity prices declined by approximately 25 percent in
the U.K., and earnings at LG&Es Energy non-regulated
utility operations in the U.S. were down owing to lower prices
and higher fuel costs. Additionally, LG&E Energy has natural
gas operations in Argentina. The continuing economic crisis in
the country led to a substantial devaluation of the peso and to
negative economic growth. For these reasons, the Company tested
the acquired reporting units as of the acquisition date, which
resulted in an impairment charge totaling
2.4 billion.
Other Intangible Assets
As of December 31, 2004, the Companys intangible
assets other than goodwill, including advance payments on
intangible assets, consisted of the following:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Acquisition | |
|
Accumulated | |
|
Net book | |
in millions |
|
costs | |
|
amortization | |
|
value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Intangible assets subject to amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing-related intangible assets
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
148 |
|
|
thereof brand names
|
|
|
215 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
Customer-related intangible assets
|
|
|
2,238 |
|
|
|
578 |
|
|
|
1,660 |
|
|
thereof customer lists and customer relationships
|
|
|
2,074 |
|
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
1,560 |
|
Contract-based intangible assets
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
540 |
|
|
|
948 |
|
|
thereof operating permits
|
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
360 |
|
|
|
841 |
|
Technology-based intangible assets
|
|
|
598 |
|
|
|
457 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
thereof computer software
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
354 |
|
|
|
113 |
|
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
|
|
|
891 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
891 |
|
|
thereof easements
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
5,435 |
|
|
|
1,647 |
|
|
|
3,788 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
During 2004, the Company acquired the following intangible
assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquisition | |
|
Weighted average | |
|
|
costs | |
|
amortization period | |
|
|
( in millions) | |
|
(in years) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Intangible assets subject to amortization
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Marketing-related intangible assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Customer-related intangible assets
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
thereof customer lists and customer relationships
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
Contract-based intangible assets
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
thereof operating permits
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Technology-based intangible assets
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
thereof computer software
|
|
|
80 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
Intangible assets not subject to amortization
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The table above includes all intangible assets that were
acquired either individually or in a business combination in
2004.
F-43
In 2004, the Company recorded an aggregate amortization expense
of
381 million
(2003:
370 million;
2002:
288 million).
Impairment charges of
9 million
on intangible assets other than goodwill were incurred in 2004
(2003:
3 million;
2002:
0 million).
Based on the current amount of intangible assets subject to
amortization, estimated amortization expenses for each of the
five succeeding fiscal years are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
345 |
|
2006
|
|
|
309 |
|
2007
|
|
|
260 |
|
2008
|
|
|
210 |
|
2009
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,304 |
|
|
|
|
|
As acquisitions and disposals occur in the future, actual
amounts may vary.
|
|
b) |
Property, Plant and Equipment |
Property, plant and equipment includes capitalized interest on
debt apportioned to the construction period of qualifying assets
as part of their cost of acquisition and production in the
amount of
20 million
(2003:
22 million;
2002:
34 million).
Impairment charges on property, plant and equipment were
167 million
(2003:
42 million;
2002:
28 million).
In 2004, the Company recorded depreciation of plant, property
and equipment in the amount of
2,469 million
(2003:
2,631 million;
2002:
2,601 million).
As of December 31, 2004, the gross carrying value of plant,
property and equipment under operating leases in which the E.ON
is the lessor was
8,174 million
(2003:
8,629 million),
and the accumulated depreciation corresponding to these leased
assets totaled
3,578 million
(2003:
3,691 million).
Restrictions on disposals of the Companys tangible fixed
assets exist in the amount of
3,742 million
(2003:
5,469 million)
mainly with regard to technical equipment and land. For
additional information on collateralized tangible fixed assets,
see Note 24.
Jointly Owned Power Plants
E.ON holds joint ownership and similar contractual rights in
certain power plants that are all independently financed by each
respective participant. These jointly owned power plants were
formed under ownership agreements or arrangements that did not
create legal entities for which separate financial statements
are prepared. They are therefore included in the financial
statements of their owners. E.ONs share of the operating
expenses for these facilities is included in the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
F-44
Additional details about the plants are summarized in the table
below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ONs | |
|
|
|
|
E.ONs | |
|
|
|
accumulated | |
|
E.ONs | |
|
|
ownership | |
|
E.ONs total | |
|
depreciation & | |
|
construction | |
|
|
interest | |
|
acquisition cost | |
|
amortization | |
|
work in process | |
Name of plants by type |
|
in % | |
|
( in millions) | |
|
( in millions) | |
|
( in millions) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Nuclear
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isar 2
|
|
|
75.00 |
|
|
|
2,055 |
|
|
|
1,887 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
Gundremmingen B
|
|
|
25.00 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gundremmingen C
|
|
|
25.00 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
Lignite
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lippendorf S
|
|
|
50.00 |
|
|
|
530 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Hard Coal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bexbach 1
|
|
|
8.33 |
|
|
|
64 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trimble County
|
|
|
75.00 |
|
|
|
439 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
Rostock
|
|
|
50.38 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
|
|
Hydroelectric/ Wind
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nymølle Havspark/ Rødsand
|
|
|
20.00 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nußdorf
|
|
|
53.00 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ering
|
|
|
50.00 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
28 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Egglfing
|
|
|
50.00 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
|
|
Impairment charges on financial assets during 2004 amounted to
230 million
(2003:
110 million;
2002:
1,492 million).
Shares in Affiliated and Associated Companies Accounted for
Under the Equity Method
The financial information below summarizes income statement and
balance sheet data for the investments of the Companys
affiliated and associated companies that are accounted for under
the equity method. Separate summarized income statement and
balance sheet data are presented for RAG (due to the full
consolidation of Degussa into RAG as of June 1, 2004) and
for GFE (resulting from the sale of a shareholding in STEAG in
2002; please see Note 5), as these investments are
considered to be significant investments under applicable rules
of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in 2004 and
2002, respectively.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thereof | |
|
thereof | |
|
|
|
thereof | |
|
thereof | |
|
|
|
thereof | |
|
thereof | |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
RAG | |
|
GFE(2) | |
|
2003 | |
|
RAG | |
|
GFE | |
|
2002 | |
|
RAG | |
|
GFE | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Sales
|
|
|
55,790 |
|
|
|
18,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51,096 |
|
|
|
12,791 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,260 |
|
|
|
15,258 |
|
|
|
|
|
Net income/(loss)
|
|
|
2,415 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,258 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
3,246 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
E.ONs share of net income/(loss)
|
|
|
881 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
791 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,452 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
290 |
|
Other(1)
|
|
|
(232 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(127 |
) |
|
|
(49 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(128 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income from companies accounted for under the equity
method
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
664 |
|
|
|
(15 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,324 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Other primarily includes adjustments to conform with E.ON
accounting policies, amortization of fair value adjustments due
to purchase price allocations and intercompany eliminations. |
|
(2) |
GFE was liquidated as of July 31, 2004. |
In 2003, the decrease in income from investments accounted for
at equity as compared to 2002 primarily reflects the impairment
charge recorded by Degussa in 2003 relating to its fine
chemicals division and the high net gain in 2002 from the
disposal of Schmalbach-Lubeca by AV Packaging and the sale of
STEAG shares by GFE.
F-45
Dividends received from affiliated and associated companies
accounted for under the equity method were
834 million
in 2004 (2003:
683 million;
2002:
1,007 million).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
thereof | |
|
thereof | |
|
|
|
thereof | |
|
thereof | |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
RAG | |
|
GFE(2) | |
|
2003 | |
|
RAG | |
|
GFE | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fixed assets
|
|
|
48,318 |
|
|
|
17,714 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46,714 |
|
|
|
13,654 |
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets and prepaid expenses
|
|
|
30,713 |
|
|
|
11,973 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28,109 |
|
|
|
8,453 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
26,797 |
|
|
|
14,686 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
24,444 |
|
|
|
11,678 |
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities and deferred income
|
|
|
29,561 |
|
|
|
9,785 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,306 |
|
|
|
7,386 |
|
|
|
|
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
3,085 |
|
|
|
2,889 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
404 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets
|
|
|
19,588 |
|
|
|
2,327 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20,561 |
|
|
|
2,639 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ONs share in equity
|
|
|
7,433 |
|
|
|
912 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,699 |
|
|
|
1,034 |
|
|
|
|
|
Other(1)
|
|
|
2,398 |
|
|
|
(912 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,678 |
|
|
|
(1,034 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment in companies accounted for under the equity
method
|
|
|
9,831 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,377 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Other primarily includes adjustments to conform with E.ON
accounting policies, goodwill, fair value adjustments due to
purchase price allocations, intercompany eliminations and
impairments. |
|
(2) |
GFE was liquidated as of July 31, 2004. |
The book value of affiliated and associated companies accounted
for under the equity method whose shares are marketable amount
to a total of
2,739 million
(2003:
2,752 million).
The fair value of E.ONs share in these companies is
4,096 million
(2003:
3,602 million).
Additions of investments in associated and affiliated companies
that are accounted for under the equity method resulted in
goodwill of
51 million
in 2004 (2003:
157 million).
Investments in associated companies totaling
69 million
(2003:
60 million)
were restricted because they were pledged as collateral for
financing as of the balance-sheet date.
Other Share Investments and Available-for-Sale Securities
The amortized costs, fair values and gross unrealized gains and
losses for other share investments and available-for-sale
securities that management intends to hold long-term, as well as
the maturities of fixed-term securities as of December 31,
2004 and 2003, are summarized below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
Gross | |
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
Gross | |
|
|
Amortized | |
|
|
|
unrealized | |
|
unrealized | |
|
Amortized | |
|
|
|
unrealized | |
|
unrealized | |
in millions |
|
cost | |
|
Fair value | |
|
loss | |
|
gain | |
|
cost | |
|
Fair value | |
|
loss | |
|
gain | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fixed-term securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Between 1 and 5 years
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
94 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
220 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
|
|
382 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-fixed-term securities
|
|
|
2,755 |
|
|
|
5,094 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2,340 |
|
|
|
3,312 |
|
|
|
4,592 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
1,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
2,975 |
|
|
|
5,318 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2,344 |
|
|
|
3,693 |
|
|
|
4,974 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
1,290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In 2004, amortized costs were written down in the amount of
36 million
(2003:
15 million;
2002:
1,480 million).
F-46
Disposal of other share investments and available-for-sale
securities generated proceeds of
799 million
in 2004 (2003:
815 million;
2002:
791 million)
and a net capital gain of
25 million
(2003:
0 million;
2002:
24 million).
The Company uses the specific identification method as a basis
for determining these amounts.
Non-fixed-term securities include non-marketable investments or
securities of
1,065 million
(2003:
1,047 million).
Long-Term Loans
Long-term loans were as follows as of December 31, 2004 and
2003:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Interest rate | |
|
Maturity | |
|
|
|
Interest rate | |
|
Maturity | |
|
|
in millions | |
|
up to | |
|
through | |
|
in millions | |
|
up to | |
|
through | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Loans to affiliated companies
|
|
|
592 |
|
|
|
8.25% |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
|
|
695 |
|
|
|
3.90% |
|
|
|
2015 |
|
Loans to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
297 |
|
|
|
9.00% |
|
|
|
2024 |
|
|
|
296 |
|
|
|
4.60% |
|
|
|
2007 |
|
Other long-term loans
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
9.00% |
|
|
|
2023 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
9.00% |
|
|
|
2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,438 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12) Inventories
The following table provides details of inventories as of the
dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Raw materials and supplies by segment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central Europe
|
|
|
838 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
Pan-European Gas
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
U.K.
|
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
Nordic
|
|
|
213 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
U.S. Midwest
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
Corporate Center
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core energy business
|
|
|
1,558 |
|
|
|
1,403 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other activities
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,627 |
|
|
|
1,501 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Work in progress
|
|
|
320 |
|
|
|
405 |
|
Finished products
|
|
|
98 |
|
|
|
83 |
|
Goods purchased for resale
|
|
|
602 |
|
|
|
488 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories
|
|
|
2,647 |
|
|
|
2,477 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw materials, finished products and goods purchased for resale
are generally valued at average cost. Where this is not the
case, the LIFO method is used, particularly for the valuation of
natural gas inventories. In 2004, inventories valued according
to the LIFO method amounted to
509 million
(2003:
393 million).
The difference between valuation according to LIFO and higher
replacement costs is
89 million
(2003:
195 million).
This line item also includes emission rights reported at an
aggregate carrying amount of
4 million.
Emission rights are capitalized at their acquisition costs plus
directly attributable costs for the entire allocation period on
receipt of the notice of allocation or, in the case of
purchases, on the date of registration with the respective
national allocation authorities.
F-47
(13) Receivables and Other Assets
The following table provides details of receivables and other
assets as of the dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
With a | |
|
With a | |
|
With a | |
|
With a | |
|
|
remaining | |
|
remaining term | |
|
remaining | |
|
remaining term | |
|
|
term up to | |
|
of more than | |
|
term up to | |
|
of more than | |
in millions |
|
1 year | |
|
1 year | |
|
1 year | |
|
1 year | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Financial receivables from affiliated companies
|
|
|
85 |
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
180 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
Financial receivables from associated companies
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
Other financial assets
|
|
|
1,145 |
|
|
|
788 |
|
|
|
1,139 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial receivables and other financial assets
|
|
|
1,314 |
|
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
1,393 |
|
|
|
799 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade receivables
|
|
|
6,462 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
6,211 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
Operating receivables from affiliated companies
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
|
|
Operating receivables from associated companies and other share
investments
|
|
|
747 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
Reinsurance claim due from the mutual insurance fund
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
974 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
833 |
|
Regulatory assets
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
Other operating assets
|
|
|
6,334 |
|
|
|
926 |
|
|
|
6,739 |
|
|
|
968 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating receivables and other operating assets
|
|
|
13,708 |
|
|
|
2,051 |
|
|
|
13,909 |
|
|
|
1,924 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables and other assets
|
|
|
15,022 |
|
|
|
2,861 |
|
|
|
15,302 |
|
|
|
2,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2004, accounts receivable and other
assets in the amount of
2,225 million
(2003:
2,600 million)
are interest-bearing.
In 2004, other financial assets included receivables from owners
of minority interests in jointly owned nuclear power plants of
724 million
(2003:
720 million)
and margin account deposits receivable of
67 million
(2003:
28 million).
In addition, in connection with the application of
SFAS 143, other financial assets include a claim for a
refund from the Swedish nuclear fund in the amount of
404 million
(2003:
385 million)
in connection with the decommissioning of nuclear power plants.
Since this asset is designated for a particular purpose,
E.ONs access to it is restricted.
The reinsurance claims due from the mutual insurance fund
Versorgungskasse Energie Versicherungsverein auf Gegenseitigkeit
(VKE), Hanover, Germany, cover part of the pension
obligations payable to E.ON Energie employees. The claims of
these employees at the point of retirement are covered to a
certain extent by insurance contracts entered into with VKE.
In accordance with SFAS 71, assets that are subject to U.S.
regulation are disclosed separately. For further information
regarding these assets, please see Note 2.
Other operating assets also include tax refund claims of
1,815 million
(2003:
1,929 million),
financial derivative assets of
3,007 million
(2003:
2,498 million),
receivables related to E.ON Beneluxs cross-border lease
transactions for power plants amounting to
900 million
(2003:
1,020 million)
and accrued interest receivables of
543 million
(2003:
427 million).
As of December 31, 2004, there were no assets held for sale
(2003:
854 million).
F-48
Valuation Allowances for Doubtful Accounts
The valuation allowances for doubtful accounts comprise the
following for the periods indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance as of January 1
|
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
212 |
|
Changes affecting income
|
|
|
(13 |
) |
|
|
99 |
|
Changes not affecting income
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31
|
|
|
431 |
|
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes not affecting income are related to changes in the scope
of consolidation, charges against the allowances and currency
translation adjustments.
(14) Investments in Short-Term Securities
The following table provides details of investments in
short-term securities as of the dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Deposits at banking institutions with an original maturity
greater than 3 months
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
539 |
|
Securities with an original maturity greater than 3 months
|
|
|
7,751 |
|
|
|
6,935 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investments in short-term securities
|
|
|
7,840 |
|
|
|
7,474 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Available-for-sale securities that management does not intend to
hold long-term are classified as investments in short-term
securities.
These securities amortized costs, fair values, gross
unrealized gains and losses, as well as the maturities of
fixed-term available-for-sale securities as of the dates
indicated, break down as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
Gross | |
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
Gross | |
|
|
Amortized | |
|
Fair | |
|
unrealized | |
|
unrealized | |
|
Amortized | |
|
Fair | |
|
unrealized | |
|
unrealized | |
in millions |
|
cost | |
|
value | |
|
loss | |
|
gain | |
|
cost | |
|
value | |
|
loss | |
|
gain | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fixed-term securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
165 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
Between 1 and 5 years
|
|
|
2,372 |
|
|
|
2,395 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
2,215 |
|
|
|
2,211 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
2,359 |
|
|
|
2,413 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
1,968 |
|
|
|
1,934 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
4,896 |
|
|
|
4,976 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
4,346 |
|
|
|
4,311 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
Non-fixed-term securities
|
|
|
2,459 |
|
|
|
2,807 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
2,415 |
|
|
|
2,677 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
306 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
7,355 |
|
|
|
7,783 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
512 |
|
|
|
6,761 |
|
|
|
6,988 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The disposal of short-term marketable securities that management
does not intend to hold long-term generated proceeds in the
amount of
4,180 million
(2003:
870 million).
Realized net gains from such disposals in an amount of
206 million
(2003:
100 million)
were recorded in 2004. E.ON uses the specific identification
method as a basis for determining cost and calculating realized
gains and losses on such disposals.
Non-fixed-term securities classified as short-term include no
non-marketable securities or investments (2003:
3 million).
F-49
Details regarding the gross unrealized losses attributable to
short-term available-for-sale securities are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
less than | |
|
12 months | |
|
|
|
|
12 months | |
|
or greater | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
|
|
Gross | |
|
|
Fair | |
|
unrealized | |
|
Fair | |
|
unrealized | |
|
Fair | |
|
unrealized | |
in millions |
|
value | |
|
loss | |
|
value | |
|
loss | |
|
value | |
|
loss | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Fixed-term securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less than 1 year
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
Between 1 and 5 years
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
More than 5 years
|
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
583 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
Non-fixed-term securities
|
|
|
539 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
543 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,122 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1,130 |
|
|
|
84 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2003, short-term marketable securities
with a fair value of
77 million
have been in a continuous unrealized-loss position for
12 months or longer. Gross unrealized losses attributable
to these securities accumulated to
15 million.
In 2004, an impairment of
5 million
was recorded for securities that were carried at a fair value of
38 million
as of December 31, 2003. The remaining securities recovered
from their unrealized-loss position in response to positive
developments in the equity markets.
In 2004, amortized costs were written down in the amount of
45 million
(2003:
18 million).
(15) Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents with an original maturity of less than
three months in the amount of
4,176 million
(2003:
3,321 million)
include checks, cash on hand, as well as balances in Bundesbank
accounts and at other banking institutions. Included herein are
also securities with an original maturity of less than three
months.
Balances in bank accounts include
23 million
of collateral deposited at banks, the purpose of which is to
prevent the exhaustion of credit lines in connection with the
marking to market of derivatives transactions.
Also included in bank account balances are liquid funds in the
amount of
40 million
that are subject to restricted access, of which
12 million
must be considered as long-term restricted funds.
(16) Prepaid Expenses and Deferred Income
Of the prepaid expenses totaling
344 million
(2003:
398 million),
217 million
(2003:
330 million)
matures within one year. Deferred income totaled
1,102 million
in 2004 (2003:
1,168 million),
of which
194 million
(2003:
327 million)
matures within one year.
(17) Capital Stock
The Companys authorized capital stock of
1,799,200,000
remains unchanged and consists of 692,000,000 ordinary
shares issued without nominal value. The number of outstanding
shares as of December 31, 2004, totaled 659,153,403 (2003:
656,026,401; 2002: 652,341,876).
Pursuant to a shareholder resolution approved at the Annual
Shareholders Meeting held on April 28, 2004, the
Board of Management is authorized to buy back outstanding shares
up to an amount of 10.0 percent of E.ON AGs capital
stock through October 28, 2005.
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON AG held a total of 4,374,403
(2003: 4,403,342) treasury shares having a book value of
256 million
in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (equivalent to
0.6 percent or
11,373,448 of
the capital stock). During 2004, the Company purchased 212,135
shares on the open market (2003: 240,000 shares
F-50
from subsidiaries and 969 shares on the open market), and
distributed 240,754 (2003: 244,796) shares to employees at
preferential prices and 320 shares as compensation for the
shareholders of Gelsenberg AG. Please refer to Note 9
for further information on stock-based compensation.
An additional 28,472,194 shares of E.ON AG are held by its
subsidiaries as of December 31, 2004 (2003: 31,570,257). At
the beginning of July 2004, 3,098,063 of the
31,570,257 treasury shares held by these companies as of
January 1, 2004, were used to compensate mainly minority
shareholders of E.ON Bayern AG and, to a lesser extent, minority
shareholders of CONTIGAS Deutsche Energie-AG. These shares held
by subsidiaries were acquired at the time of the VEBA/ VIAG
merger and considered treasury shares with no purchase price
allocated to them.
At the Annual Shareholders Meeting on May 25, 2000, the
Board of Management was authorized to increase the
Companys capital stock by a maximum of
180 million
(Authorized Capital I) through the issuance of new
shares in return for cash contributions (with the opportunity to
exclude shareholders subscription rights) as well as to
increase the Companys capital stock by a maximum of
180 million
(Authorized Capital II) through the issuance of new
shares in return for contributions in kind (with the exclusion
of shareholders subscription rights). Following a capital
increase in 2000, Authorized Capital II now amounts to
150.4 million.
In addition, the Board of Management was authorized to increase
the Companys capital stock by a maximum of
180 million
(Authorized Capital III) through the issuance
of new shares in return for cash contributions. Subject to the
Supervisory Boards approval, the Board of Management is
authorized to exclude shareholders subscription rights.
All three capital increases are authorized until May 25,
2005.
At the Annual Shareholders Meeting on April 30, 2003,
conditional capital (with the opportunity to exclude
shareholders subscription rights) in the amount of
175 million
(Conditional Capital) was authorized until
April 30, 2008. This Conditional Capital may be used to
issue bonds with conversion or option rights and to fulfill
conversion obligations towards creditors of bonds containing
conversion obligations. The securities underlying these rights
and obligations are either E.ON AG shares or those of companies
in which E.ON AG directly or indirectly holds a majority stake.
|
|
(18) |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Additional paid-in capital results exclusively from share
issuance premiums. As of December 31, 2004, additional
paid-in capital amounts to
11,746 million
(2003:
11,564 million).
The increase of
182 million
during 2004 is primarily a result of the distribution of
3,098,063 E.ON AG shares held by subsidiaries mainly to minority
shareholders of E.ON Bayern AG and, to a lesser extent, minority
shareholders of CONTIGAS Deutsche Energie-AG.
(19) Retained Earnings
The following table provides details of the E.ON Groups
retained earnings as of the dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Legal reserves
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
Other retained earnings
|
|
|
19,958 |
|
|
|
16,931 |
|
|
|
13,427 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
20,003 |
|
|
|
16,976 |
|
|
|
13,472 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
According to German securities law, E.ON AG shareholders can
only receive distributions from the retained earnings of E.ON AG
as defined by German GAAP, which are included in the
Groups retained earnings under U.S. GAAP. As of
December 31, 2004, these German-GAAP retained earnings
amount to
3,852 million
(2003:
2,478 million).
Of these, legal reserves of
45 million
(2003:
45 million)
pursuant to § 150 subsections 3 and 4 AktG and
reserves for own shares of
257 million
(2003:
228 million)
pursuant to § 272 subsection 4 HGB
F-51
were not distributable on December 31, 2004. Accordingly,
an amount of
3,550 million
(2003:
2,205 million)
is in principle available for dividend payments.
The Groups retained earnings as of December 31, 2004,
include accumulated undistributed earnings of
692 million
(2003:
704 million)
from companies that have been accounted for under the equity
method.
(20) Other Comprehensive Income
The components of other comprehensive income and the related tax
effects as of the dates indicated are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
December 31, 2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
Tax | |
|
|
|
|
|
Tax | |
|
|
|
|
|
Tax | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
benefit/ | |
|
|
|
|
|
benefit/ | |
|
|
|
|
|
benefit/ | |
|
|
in millions |
|
Before tax | |
|
(expense) | |
|
Net-of-tax | |
|
Before tax | |
|
(expense) | |
|
Net-of-tax | |
|
Before tax | |
|
(expense) | |
|
Net-of-tax | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Foreign currency translation adjustments
|
|
|
139 |
|
|
|
(25 |
) |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
(701 |
) |
|
|
(152 |
) |
|
|
(853 |
) |
|
|
(438 |
) |
|
|
(55 |
) |
|
|
(493 |
) |
Plus (Less): reclassification adjustments affecting income
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
74 |
|
|
|
(125 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(125 |
) |
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) arising during period
|
|
|
1,349 |
|
|
|
(243 |
) |
|
|
1,106 |
|
|
|
1,282 |
|
|
|
(35 |
) |
|
|
1,247 |
|
|
|
(514 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(534 |
) |
Plus (Less): reclassification adjustments affecting income
|
|
|
(107 |
) |
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
(112 |
) |
|
|
(74 |
) |
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
(60 |
) |
|
|
1,355 |
|
|
|
(559 |
) |
|
|
796 |
|
Additional minimum pension liability
|
|
|
(935 |
) |
|
|
337 |
|
|
|
(598 |
) |
|
|
(156 |
) |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
(91 |
) |
|
|
(116 |
) |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
(81 |
) |
Cash flow hedges
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
(33 |
) |
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
224 |
|
|
|
(89 |
) |
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
(129 |
) |
|
|
65 |
|
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
646 |
|
|
|
(194 |
) |
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
(534 |
) |
|
|
(501 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(21) Minority Interests
Minority interests as of the dates indicated are attributable to
the following segments:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Central Europe
|
|
|
2,096 |
|
|
|
2,208 |
|
Pan-European Gas
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
U.K.
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
Nordic
|
|
|
1,668 |
|
|
|
1,656 |
|
U.S. Midwest
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
109 |
|
Corporate Center
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
(19 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core energy business
|
|
|
4,121 |
|
|
|
4,261 |
|
Other activities
|
|
|
23 |
|
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,144 |
|
|
|
4,625 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(22) |
Provisions for Pensions |
E.ON and its subsidiaries maintain both defined benefit pension
plans and defined contribution plans. Some of the latter are
part of a multiemployer pension plan under EITF 90-3,
Accounting for Employers Obligations for Future
Contributions to a Multiemployer Pension Plan, for
approximately 5,500 employees at the Nordic market unit.
Pension benefits are primarily based on compensation levels and
years of service. Most Germany-based employees who joined the
Company prior to 1999 participate in a final-pay arrangement,
under which their retirement benefits depend in principle on
their final salary (averaged over the last years of employment)
and on years of service, but years of service beyond 2004 are
now often no longer considered in these plans. Most
F-52
employees who joined the Company in or after 1999 are enrolled
in a cash balance pension plan, under which regular payroll
deductions are actuarially converted into pension units. To fund
these defined benefit plans, the Company sets aside notional
contributions and/or accumulates plan assets. For employees in
defined contribution pension plans, under which the Company pays
fixed contributions to an outside insurer or pension fund, the
amount of the benefit depends on the value of each
employees individual pension claim at the time of his or
her retirement from the Company.
The liabilities arising from the pension plans and their
respective costs are determined using the projected unit credit
method in accordance with SFAS 87. The valuation is based
on current pensions and pension entitlements and on economic
assumptions that have been chosen in order to reflect realistic
expectations. Furthermore, cash balance pension plans are valued
in accordance with EITF 03-4 (traditional unit credit
method). The obligations arising primarily at
U.S. companies from health-care and other post-retirement
benefits for certain employees are calculated in accordance with
SFAS 106.
The effective date for fixing the economic valuation parameter
is December 31 of each year. The necessary calculation of
the number of personnel, particularly in the consolidated German
subsidiaries, takes place on September 30, with significant
changes carried forward to December 31.
The changes in the projected benefit obligation
(PBO) are shown below. The acquisition of Midlands
Electricity, which resulted in an addition of
1.390 million,
is mainly responsible for the change shown as Change in
scope of consolidation in 2004. The disposal of Degussa,
which resulted in a decrease of
3,572 million
in related obligations, and the acquisition of E.ON Ruhrgas,
which brought about an increase of
759 million,
were mainly responsible for the change in that same category in
2003.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations |
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance as of January 1
|
|
|
13,295 |
|
|
|
15,816 |
|
Service cost
|
|
|
215 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
Interest cost
|
|
|
804 |
|
|
|
724 |
|
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
1,397 |
|
|
|
(2,816 |
) |
Prior service cost
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
Actuarial gains(-)/losses
|
|
|
1,182 |
|
|
|
669 |
|
Exchange rate differences
|
|
|
(144 |
) |
|
|
(539 |
) |
Other
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
(3 |
) |
Pensions paid
|
|
|
(843 |
) |
|
|
(754 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31
|
|
|
15,918 |
|
|
|
13,295 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Of the entire benefit obligation,
210 million
(2003: 225 million)
is related to health-care benefits.
No significant effects resulted from the initial adjustment of
expenses for obligations arising from health-care benefits in
the third quarter of 2004 in accordance with FASB Staff Position
No. 106-2, Accounting and Disclosure Requirements
Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and
Modernization Act of 2003 (FSP
No. 106-2). The adjustment amounts arising from the
determination of the projected benefit obligation were accounted
for on December 31, 2004, for the first time in accordance
with the option provided for in FSP No. 106-2.
The changes in plan assets, which do not include any shares in
E.ON Group companies, are shown in the following table. The
acquisition of Midlands Electricity, which added
1,218 million
in plan assets, is mainly responsible for the change shown as
Change in scope of consolidation in 2004. The
deconsolidation of Degussa resulted in a reduction of
728 million
in the same category in 2003.
F-53
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in Plan Assets |
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance as of January 1
|
|
|
4,922 |
|
|
|
5,477 |
|
Actual return on plan assets
|
|
|
601 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
Company contributions
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
Employee contributions
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
1,220 |
|
|
|
(683 |
) |
Exchange rate differences
|
|
|
(97 |
) |
|
|
(401 |
) |
Pensions paid
|
|
|
(439 |
) |
|
|
(365 |
) |
Other
|
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31
|
|
|
6,399 |
|
|
|
4,922 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The current allocation of plan assets to asset categories and
the target portfolio structure are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
Target | |
|
| |
in % |
|
Allocation | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Equity securities
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
53 |
|
Debt securities
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Real estate
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
Other
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
Debt with remaining maturities from 0 to 30 years had an
average weighted remaining maturity of 17.1 years on
December 31, 2004. On December 31, 2003, the remaining
terms ranged between 0 and 46 years, and the average
weighted remaining maturity of the debt was 16.5 years.
In the E.ON Group, the vast majority of reported plan assets
relates to the pension plans at the U.K. and U.S. Midwest
market units. The investment objective for the pension plan
assets is the real-time coverage of benefit obligations for the
corresponding pension plans.
The long-term investment strategy for the various pension plans
takes into consideration, among other things, the scope of the
benefit obligations, the maturity structure, the minimum capital
reserve requirements and, if applicable, other relevant factors.
The target portfolio structure was determined on the basis of
current evaluations of the investment strategy and the market
environment, and is reviewed on a regular basis and adjusted, if
necessary, to reflect market trends. The current investment
strategy is focused on equity securities, as well as on
high-quality government bonds and selected corporate bonds. As
of December 31, 2004, the percentage of overall plan assets
consisting of equity securities had been further reduced.
In 2004, the average rate of return on plan assets was
10.1 percent. This performance was above the expected rate
of return of 6.8 percent, which is part of the net periodic
pension costs. The expected rate of return on plan assets is
targeted in such a way that, over the long term, the total
expected return from plan assets is at least equal to the
actuarially determined benefit obligation.
The funded status the difference between the PBO for
all pension units and the fair value of plan assets
is reconciled with the provisions shown on the balance sheet as
shown below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Funded status
|
|
|
9,519 |
|
|
|
8,373 |
|
Unrecognized actuarial loss
|
|
|
(2,453 |
) |
|
|
(1,518 |
) |
Unrecognized prior service cost
|
|
|
(27 |
) |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unfunded accrued benefit cost
|
|
|
7,039 |
|
|
|
6,813 |
|
Additional minimum liability
|
|
|
1,550 |
|
|
|
629 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Provisions for pensions
|
|
|
8,589 |
|
|
|
7,442 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-54
The provisions for pensions reported for December 31, 2004,
include
403 million
(2003:
393 million)
in short-term commitments.
The accumulated benefit obligation for all defined benefit
pension plans amounted to
14,878 million
(2003:
12,284 million)
on December 31, 2004.
Under U.S. GAAP, an additional minimum liability does not affect
income, because an intangible asset in the amount of
38 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
53 million),
is recorded, with the remainder being charged against
stockholders equity in the amount of
1,512 million
(2003:
576 million;
2002:
709 million).
Actuarial gains and losses result from variations in valuation
assumptions, differences between the estimated and actual number
of beneficiaries and underlying assumptions and are recognized
as provisions for pensions on a delayed basis and amortized
separately over periods determined for each individual pension
plan.
Provisions for pensions shown on the balance sheet as of
December 31, 2004, particularly include obligations of U.S.
companies arising from post-retirement health-care benefits in
the amount of
181 million
(2003:
186 million),
with allowances made for increases in the costs of health-care
benefits amounting to 9.4 percent in the short term and
4.3 percent in the long term.
The total net periodic defined benefit pension cost is detailed
in the table below:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Employer service cost
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
161 |
|
|
|
173 |
|
Interest cost
|
|
|
804 |
|
|
|
724 |
|
|
|
688 |
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
|
|
(426 |
) |
|
|
(331 |
) |
|
|
(238 |
) |
Prior service cost
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
Net amortization of (gains)/losses
|
|
|
42 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
643 |
|
|
|
600 |
|
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For 2005, it is expected that the overall Company contribution
to plan assets in order to guarantee the minimum plan asset
values stipulated by law or by-laws will be
54 million
(2003:
113 million).
For details on the announced one-time contribution of
approximately
600 million
(GBP 420 million) to be made in 2005 to the plan
assets of the U.K. market unit please refer to Note 33.
The net periodic pension cost shown includes an amount of
18 million
in 2004 (2003:
19 million)
for retiree health-care benefits. A one-percentage-point
increase or decrease in the assumed health care cost trend rate
would affect the interest and service components and result in a
change in net periodic pension cost of
+0.9 million
or
-0.8 million,
respectively. The resulting accumulated post-retirement benefit
obligation would change by
+10 million
or
-9 million,
respectively.
In addition to total net periodic pension cost, an amount of
52 million
in 2004 (2003:
36 million)
was incurred for defined contribution pension plans and other
retirement provisions, under which the Company pays fixed
contributions to external insurers or similar institutions.
Prospective undiscounted pension payments for the next ten years
are shown in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
814 |
|
2006
|
|
|
837 |
|
2007
|
|
|
859 |
|
2008
|
|
|
882 |
|
2009
|
|
|
906 |
|
2010 2014
|
|
|
4,835 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
9,133 |
|
|
|
|
|
Effective with the 2000 fiscal year, the Company began using the
Klaus Heubeck biometric tables from 1998 (Richttafeln
1998) for the domestic pension liabilities, the current
industry standard for calculating company
F-55
pension obligations in Germany. However, the tables
disability incidence rates have been reduced by
20.0 percent to better reflect the Companys specific
situation.
Actuarial values of the pension obligations of the principal
German, U.K. and U.S. subsidiaries were computed based on
the following average assumptions for each region:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
United | |
|
United | |
|
|
|
United | |
|
United | |
in % |
|
Germany | |
|
Kingdom | |
|
States | |
|
Germany | |
|
Kingdom | |
|
States | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Discount rate
|
|
|
4.75 |
|
|
|
5.30 |
|
|
|
5.75 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
Salary increase rate
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
4.50 |
|
|
|
2.75 |
|
|
|
4.00 |
|
|
|
3.00 |
|
Expected return on plan assets
|
|
|
4.75 |
|
|
|
6.70 |
|
|
|
8.25 |
|
|
|
5.50 |
|
|
|
6.70 |
|
|
|
8.50 |
|
Pension increase rate
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
2.80 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
2.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
(23) Other Provisions
Immediately below is a brief description of the asset retirement
obligations that were reported for the first time in 2003
pursuant to the adoption of SFAS 143. The subsequent
sections contain more detailed information about the other
provisions as a whole.
Description of Asset Retirement Obligations
E.ON adopted SFAS 143 on January 1, 2003. As of
December 31, 2004, E.ONs asset retirement obligations
included:
|
|
|
|
|
retirement costs shown in sub-items 1ab) and 1ba) for
decommissioning of nuclear power plants in Germany in the amount
of
8,204 million
(2003:
8,106 million)
and in Sweden in the amount of
404 million
(2003:
385 million), |
|
|
|
environmental improvement measures reported under
sub-item 8) related to the locations of non-nuclear power
plants, including removal of electricity transmission and
distribution equipment in the amount of
327 million
(2003:
377 million),
and |
|
|
|
environmental improvements at gas storage facilities in the
amount of
77 million
(2003:
76 million)
and at opencast mining facilities in the amount of
59 million
(2003:
55 million),
as well as the decommissioning of oil and gas field
infrastructure in the amount of
17 million
(2003:
10 million).
These obligations are also reported under sub-item 8). |
The following table summarizes the changes in E.ONs asset
retirement obligations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Balance as of January 1
|
|
|
9,009 |
|
|
|
8,638 |
|
Liabilities incurred in the current period
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
Liabilities settled in the current period
|
|
|
(164 |
) |
|
|
(104 |
) |
Change in scope of consolidation
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
Accretion expense
|
|
|
499 |
|
|
|
486 |
|
Revision in estimated cash flows
|
|
|
(272 |
) |
|
|
(97 |
) |
Other changes
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance as of December 31
|
|
|
9,088 |
|
|
|
9,009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest resulting from the accretion of asset retirement
obligations is shown in financial earnings (see Note 6).
Had SFAS 143 been applied for all reported periods, the
Company would have reported total asset retirement obligations
of
7,080 million
and
8,638 million
as of January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2002,
respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2003, E.ON
would have reported net income of
5,095 million
(2002:
2,597 million)
and earnings per share of
7.79 (actual
EPS: 7.11) and
3.98 (actual
EPS: 4.26) for
the
F-56
year ended December 31, 2002. These pro-forma amounts were
measured using information, assumptions and interest rates that
were current as of the date of the Companys initial
adoption of SFAS 143. For further details on SFAS 143
please see sub-items 1) and 8).
Other Provisions
The following table lists other provisions as of the dates
indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Provisions for nuclear waste management(1)
|
|
|
13,481 |
|
|
|
13,758 |
|
|
Disposal of nuclear fuel rods
|
|
|
5,370 |
|
|
|
5,710 |
|
|
Asset retirement obligation (SFAS 143)
|
|
|
8,608 |
|
|
|
8,491 |
|
|
Waste disposal
|
|
|
378 |
|
|
|
408 |
|
|
less: advance payments
|
|
|
(875 |
) |
|
|
(851 |
) |
|
Provisions for taxes(2)
|
|
|
2,871 |
|
|
|
2,827 |
|
Provisions for personnel costs(3)
|
|
|
1,611 |
|
|
|
1,568 |
|
Provisions for supplier-related contracts(4)
|
|
|
2,818 |
|
|
|
2,740 |
|
Provisions for customer-related contracts(5)
|
|
|
439 |
|
|
|
1,295 |
|
U.S. regulatory liabilities(6)
|
|
|
415 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
Provisions for environmental remediation(7)
|
|
|
337 |
|
|
|
332 |
|
Provisions for environmental improvements, including land
reclamation(8)
|
|
|
1,657 |
|
|
|
1,693 |
|
Miscellaneous(9)
|
|
|
2,024 |
|
|
|
2,211 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
25,653 |
|
|
|
26,886 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31, 2004,
19,142 million
of the above provisions are due after more than one year (2003:
20,036 million).
Of these other provisions,
14,512 million
(2003:
14,594 million)
bear interest.
1) Provisions for nuclear waste management
a) Germany
Provisions for nuclear waste management comprise costs for the
disposal of spent nuclear fuel rods, the decommissioning of
nuclear and non-nuclear power plant components, and the disposal
of low-level nuclear waste.
The provisions for nuclear waste management stated above are net
of advance payments of
875 million
in 2004 (2003:
851 million).
The advance payments are prepayments to nuclear fuel
reprocessors and to other waste management companies, as well as
to governmental authorities, relating to reprocessing of spent
fuel rods and the construction of permanent storage facilities.
Provisions for the costs of nuclear fuel rod disposal, of
nuclear power plant decommissioning, and of the disposal of
low-level nuclear waste also include the costs for the permanent
storage of radioactive waste.
Permanent storage costs include investment, operating and
financing costs for the planned permanent storage facilities
Gorleben and Konrad and include required advance payments for
permanent storage facilities made pursuant to the Permanent
Storage Advance Payments Ordinance and on the basis of data from
the German Federal Office for Radiation Protection
(Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz). Each year the
Company makes advance payments to the Bundesamt für
Strahlenschutz.
In calculating the provisions for nuclear waste management, the
Company has also taken into account the effects of the nuclear
energy agreement reached by the German government and the
countrys major energy utilities on June 14, 2000, and
the related agreement signed on June 11, 2001.
F-57
|
|
aa) |
Management of Spent Nuclear Fuel Rods |
The requirement for spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and
disposal/ storage is based on the German Nuclear Power
Regulations Act (Atomgesetz). Operators may either
reprocess or permanently store nuclear waste. Material may be
shipped for reprocessing until June 30, 2005; after that
date, spent nuclear fuel rods will be disposed of exclusively
through permanent storage.
There are contracts in place between E.ON Energie and two large
European fuel reprocessing firms, BNFL in the U.K. and Cogema in
France, for the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel from its
German nuclear plants. The radioactive waste that results from
reprocessing will be returned to Germany to be temporarily
stored in an authorized storage facility. Permanent storage is
also expected to occur in Germany.
The provision for the costs of used nuclear fuel rods
reprocessing includes the costs for all components of the
reprocessing requirements, particularly
|
|
|
|
|
the costs of transporting spent fuel to the reprocessing firms, |
|
|
|
the costs of fuel reprocessing, as well as |
|
|
|
the costs of outbound transportation and the intermediate
storage of nuclear waste. |
The cost estimates are based primarily on existing contracts.
Provisions for the costs of permanent storage of used fuel rods
primarily include
|
|
|
|
|
contractual costs for procuring intermediate containers and
intermediate on-site storage on the plant premises, and |
|
|
|
costs of transporting spent fuel rods to conditioning
facilities, conditioning costs, and costs for procuring
permanent storage containers as determined by external studies. |
The provision for the management of used fuel rods is provided
over the period in which the fuel is consumed to generate
electricity.
|
|
ab) |
Nuclear Plant Decommissioning |
The obligation with regard to the nuclear portion of nuclear
plant decommissioning is based on the aforementioned Atomgesetz,
while the obligation for the non-nuclear portion depends upon
legally binding civil agreements and public regulations, as well
as other agreements.
The provision for the costs of nuclear plant decommissioning
includes the expected costs for run-out operation, closure and
maintenance of the facility, dismantling and removal of both the
nuclear and non-nuclear portions of the plant, conditioning, and
temporary and final storage of contaminated waste. The expected
decommissioning and storage costs are based upon studies
performed by external specialists and are updated regularly.
|
|
ac) |
Waste from Plant Operations |
The provision for the costs of the disposal of low-level nuclear
waste covers all expected costs for the conditioning of
low-level waste that is generated in the operation of the
facilities.
Under Swedish law, Sydkraft is required to pay fees to the
countrys national fund for nuclear waste management. Each
year, the Swedish nuclear energy inspection authority calculates
the fees for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and
nuclear power plant decommissioning based on the amount of
electricity produced at the particular nuclear power plant. The
calculations are then submitted to government offices for
approval. Upon approval, Sydkraft makes the corresponding
payments.
F-58
Due to the adoption of SFAS 143 on January 1, 2003, an
asset retirement obligation for decommissioning was recognized.
Since fees were paid in the past to the national fund for
nuclear waste management, a compensating receivable relating to
these decommissioning costs was recorded under Other
assets on January 1, 2003.
|
|
bb) |
Nuclear Fuel Rods and Nuclear Waste in Sweden |
The required fees for high-level radioactive waste paid to the
national fund for nuclear waste management are shown as an
expense.
In the case of low-level and medium-level radioactive waste, a
joint venture owned by Swedish nuclear power plant operators
charges annual fees based on actual waste management costs. The
Company records the corresponding payments to this venture as an
expense.
|
|
c) |
United Kingdom and United States |
Neither the U.K. nor the U.S. Midwest market units operate any
nuclear power plants. They are therefore not required to make
payments or record liabilities similar to those described above
with respect to Germany.
2) Taxes
Provisions for taxes relate primarily to domestic and foreign
corporate income taxes due in the current year, and also to any
tax obligations that might arise from preceding years.
Provisions are calculated on the basis of the respective tax
legislation of the countries in which the Company operates, and
due consideration will be taken of all known circumstances.
3) Personnel Liabilities
Provisions for personnel expenses primarily cover provisions for
vacation pay, early retirement benefits, anniversary obligations
and other deferred personnel costs.
4) Supplier-Related Liabilities
Provisions for supplier-related liabilities consist primarily of
provisions for goods and services received but not yet invoiced
and for potential losses from purchase obligations. Provisions
for goods and services received but not yet invoiced represent
obligations related to the purchase of goods that have been
received and services that have been rendered, but for which an
invoice has not yet been received.
5) Customer-Related Liabilities
Provisions for customer-related liabilities consist primarily of
potential losses on open sales contracts. Also included are
provisions for warranties, as well as for rebates, bonuses and
discounts.
|
|
6) |
U.S. Regulatory Liabilities |
Pursuant to SFAS 71 (see Note 2), liabilities that are
subject to U.S. regulation are reported separately.
|
|
7) |
Environmental Remediation |
Provisions for environmental remediation refer primarily to
rehabilitating contaminated sites, redevelopment and water
protection measures.
F-59
|
|
8) |
Environmental Improvements and Similar Liabilities, including
Land Reclamation |
Provisions for environmental improvements and similar
liabilities primarily include asset retirement obligations
pursuant to SFAS 143 in the amount of
480 million
(2003:
518 million).
Also included are provisions for reversion of title, other
environmental improvements and reclamation liabilities.
Other provisions primarily include provisions arising from the
electricity business, provisions for liabilities arising from
the acquisition and disposal of companies and provisions for
tax-related interest expenses.
The following table provides details of liabilities as of the
dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
With a remaining | |
|
|
|
|
|
With a remaining | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
term of | |
|
|
|
|
|
term of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
| |
|
Average | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
interest rate | |
|
|
|
|
|
interest rate | |
|
|
|
|
up to | |
|
1 to 5 | |
|
over | |
|
up to 1 year | |
|
|
|
up to | |
|
1 to 5 | |
|
over | |
|
up to 1 year | |
in millions |
|
Total | |
|
1 year | |
|
years | |
|
5 years | |
|
(in %) | |
|
Total | |
|
1 year | |
|
years | |
|
5 years | |
|
(in %) | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Bonds (including Medium Term Note programs)
|
|
|
9,148 |
|
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
5,306 |
|
|
|
3,487 |
|
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
11,506 |
|
|
|
1,400 |
|
|
|
1,469 |
|
|
|
8,637 |
|
|
|
5.4 |
|
Commercial paper
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.1 |
|
|
|
2,168 |
|
|
|
2,168 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
Bank loans/ Liabilities to banks
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
|
|
1,506 |
|
|
|
1,614 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
|
4,917 |
|
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
1,633 |
|
|
|
2,001 |
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
Bills payable
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.6 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
3.6 |
|
Other financial liabilities
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
547 |
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
4.4 |
|
|
|
1,332 |
|
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
228 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities to banks and third parties
|
|
|
18,608 |
|
|
|
5,154 |
|
|
|
7,407 |
|
|
|
6,047 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,994 |
|
|
|
5,191 |
|
|
|
3,333 |
|
|
|
11,470 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities to affiliated companies
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
231 |
|
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
Liabilities to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
1,834 |
|
|
|
1,754 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
60 |
|
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
|
1,925 |
|
|
|
1,850 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities to Group companies
|
|
|
1,968 |
|
|
|
1,882 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,156 |
|
|
|
2,075 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
68 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities
|
|
|
20,576 |
|
|
|
7,036 |
|
|
|
7,427 |
|
|
|
6,113 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22,150 |
|
|
|
7,266 |
|
|
|
3,346 |
|
|
|
11,538 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
3,662 |
|
|
|
3,627 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,778 |
|
|
|
3,768 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities to affiliated companies
|
|
|
147 |
|
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
39 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities to associated companies and other share investments
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
239 |
|
|
|
170 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditure grants
|
|
|
271 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
|
Construction grants from energy consumers
|
|
|
3,558 |
|
|
|
347 |
|
|
|
692 |
|
|
|
2,519 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,516 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
639 |
|
|
|
2,715 |
|
|
|
|
|
Advance payments
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
722 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
695 |
|
|
|
670 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
5,507 |
|
|
|
3,793 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
1,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
5,313 |
|
|
|
3,811 |
|
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
1,377 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
thereof taxes
|
|
|
989 |
|
|
|
989 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
thereof social security contributions
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating liabilities
|
|
|
14,054 |
|
|
|
8,710 |
|
|
|
1,217 |
|
|
|
4,127 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,903 |
|
|
|
8,642 |
|
|
|
932 |
|
|
|
4,329 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
34,630 |
|
|
|
15,746 |
|
|
|
8,644 |
|
|
|
10,240 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,053 |
|
|
|
15,908 |
|
|
|
4,278 |
|
|
|
15,867 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In the Consolidated Balance Sheet, liabilities are reported net
of the interest portion of non-interest-bearing and low-interest
liabilities in the amount of
34,355 million
(2003:
35,690 million).
The interest portion amounts to
275 million
(2003:
363 million).
F-60
Financial Liabilities
The following is a description of the E.ON Groups
significant credit arrangements and debt issuance programs.
Outstanding amounts under credit lines and bank loans are
disclosed in the table above as Bank loans/Liabilities to
banks. Issuances under a Medium Term Note program
(MTN program) and issuances of commercial paper are
disclosed in the corresponding line item.
These financing arrangements contain affirmative and negative
covenants and provide for various events of default that are
generally in line with industry standard terms for similar
borrowings. In general, E.ONs most significant financial
arrangements do not include financial covenants such as ratio
compliance tests or a rating trigger, though a number do include
restrictions on certain types of transactions and negative
pledges, while others include material adverse change clauses
relating to the relevant borrower. The following description of
each of the Groups most significant individual financing
arrangements includes disclosures of financial covenants or
cross-default clauses contained in those arrangements that were
in effect as of December 31, 2004. E.ON and its
subsidiaries were in compliance with all such covenants as of
December 31, 2004 and 2003, and no cross-default clauses
had been triggered as of such dates.
In addition, E.ON has numerous additional financing arrangements
that are not individually significant and that are summarized
below grouped by segment and type of arrangement. These other
arrangements also include affirmative and negative covenants and
provide for various events of default that are generally in line
with industry standard terms for similar borrowings. Certain of
these arrangements also include financial covenants, including
requirements to maintain certain ratios. Certain arrangements
also include material adverse change clauses, as well as
restrictions on certain types of transactions and negative
pledges. As of December 31, 2003, a second-tier subsidiary
was not in compliance with a financial-ratio covenant relating
to a loan which, on December 31, 2003, had an amount of
464 million
outstanding. Creditors were informed of this non-compliance in
advance, whereupon they chose not to assert their rights in
connection with this event. The non-compliance was cured in
2004. Except for this single case of non-compliance, E.ON and
its subsidiaries were in compliance with all such covenants as
of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and no cross-default clauses
had been triggered as of such dates.
The failure of E.ON or the relevant borrower to comply with any
of the identified covenants or the triggering of any
cross-default clauses could result in any or all of the
following:
|
|
|
|
|
the repayment of the affected financing arrangement |
|
|
|
the declaration that a liability becomes due and payable before
its stated maturity |
|
|
|
the triggering of cross defaults in other financing arrangements |
|
|
|
E.ONs access to additional financing on favorable terms
being severely curtailed or even eliminated |
Corporate Center
20 billion
Medium Term Note Program
Established in 1995, the Companys MTN program was
increased to
20 billion
in August 2002. This program allows E.ON AG and its wholly owned
subsidiaries E.ON International Finance B.V. (E.ON
International Finance), Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and
E.ON UK Finance Ltd. (renamed E.ON UK Finance plc in
March 2003, hereinafter E.ON UK Finance), London,
U.K., under the unconditional guarantee of E.ON AG, to
periodically issue debt instruments through syndicated and
private placements to investors. On May 17, 2002, E.ON
issued its first-ever multi-currency bond in euros and pounds
sterling (GBP) on the international bond markets. At
year end 2004, the following bonds were outstanding:
|
|
|
|
|
4.25 billion
issued by E.ON International Finance with a coupon of
5.75 percent and a maturity in May 2009 |
|
|
|
0.9 billion
issued by E.ON International Finance with a coupon of
6.375 percent and a maturity in May 2017 |
F-61
|
|
|
|
|
GBP 500 million or
704 million
issued by E.ON International Finance with a coupon of
6.375 percent and a maturity in May 2012 |
|
|
|
GBP 0.975 billion or
1.37 billion
issued by E.ON International Finance with a coupon of
6.375 percent and a maturity in June 2032 |
Neither the MTN program nor any of the bonds outstanding at year
end 2004 or 2003 contain any financial covenants. The MTN
program documentation, as well as the bonds issued under the
program, both contain the same cross-default clause. A cross
default would be triggered if any creditor is entitled to
declare that any such indebtedness is payable before its stated
maturity by reason of an event of default or if an issuer or the
guarantor under the program fails to pay indebtedness for
borrowed money or any amount payable under any guarantee in
respect of such indebtedness (cross payment default). A cross
default would only occur if the aggregate amount of such
indebtedness exceeds
25 million.
Other Bonds
As of December 31, 2003, Powergen US Funding LLC
(Powergen US Funding), Delaware, U.S., had a USD
1,050 million or
840 million
Global U.S. Dollar Bond outstanding. The bond had a coupon of
4.5 percent, it matured and was repaid in full on
October 15, 2004. As of December 31, 2004, no amount
was outstanding under that bond.
10 billion
Commercial Paper Program
Established in 1994, E.ON AGs commercial paper program was
increased to
10 billion
in March 2003. This program allows E.ON AG and the wholly owned
subsidiaries E.ON International Finance and E.ON UK Finance,
under the unconditional guarantee of E.ON AG, to periodically
issue commercial paper with maturities of up to 729 days to
investors. Proceeds from these offerings may be used for general
corporate purposes. The commercial paper program does not
contain any financial covenants. A cross default would be
triggered if any creditor is entitled to declare that any such
indebtedness is payable before its stated maturity by reason of
an event of default or if an issuer or the guarantor under the
program fails to pay indebtedness for borrowed money or any
amount payable under any guarantee in respect of such
indebtedness (cross payment default). A cross default would only
occur if the aggregate amount of such indebtedness exceeds
30 million.
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON AG had issued approximately
3.4 billion
(2003:
2.0 billion)
in commercial paper, leaving approximately
6.6 billion
available under the program.
10 billion
Syndicated Multi-Currency Revolving Credit Facility
Agreement
E.ON AG and its subsidiaries Hibernia Industriewerte GmbH
(renamed E.ON Finance GmbH in January 2004), Düsseldorf,
Germany, E.ON International Finance and E.ON UK Finance (each
under the unconditional guarantee of E.ON AG, collectively
the borrowers) established a revolving credit
facility on December 13, 2002, that initially permitted
borrowings in various currencies in an aggregate amount of up to
15 billion.
This facility was cancelled on December 2, 2004, and
replaced by a revolving credit facility that permits the
borrowers to make borrowings in various currencies in an
aggregate amount of up to
10 billion.
The facility is divided into Tranche A, a revolving credit
facility in the amount of
5 billion,
and Tranche B, a revolving credit facility also in the
amount of
5 billion.
Tranche A has an initial maturity of 364 days but
includes both an extension option and a term-out option of
364 days each. Amounts raised under Tranche A may be
used for general corporate purposes and bear interest generally
equal to EURIBOR or LIBOR for the respective currency plus a
margin of 15 basis points. Tranche B has a maturity of
5 years but includes an extension option which allows for
two extensions each of one year. The extension option may only
be exercised at the end of year 1 and/or at the end of year 2.
Amounts raised under Tranche B may be used for the
refinancing of existing credit facilities, for liquidity back-up
and for other general corporate purposes. Drawings under this
tranche bear interest equal to EURIBOR or LIBOR for the
respective currency plus a margin of 20 basis points. The
facility does not contain any financial covenants. A cross
default would be triggered by the declaration of financial
indebtedness of any material subsidiary or any of the borrowers
to be due and payable prior to its specified maturity pursuant
to the occurrence of an event of default (cross acceleration
default) and by non-payment of any financial indebtedness of any
material subsidiary
F-62
or any of the borrowers when due or after any applicable grace
period (cross payment default). These cross defaults would only
occur if the aggregate amount of all such financial indebtedness
is more than
100 million
(or its equivalent in any other currency or currencies). The
material subsidiaries are E.ON Energie AG, E.ON UK plc, LG&E
Energy LLC, E.ON Ruhrgas AG and any other member of the Group
whose total assets or revenues exceed 10 percent of the total
assets or revenues of the E.ON Group. As of December 31,
2004, there were no borrowings outstanding under this facility
(2003:
0 million).
The E.ON AG syndicated credit facility contains no financial
covenants, nor does it provide for a rating trigger.
Bilateral Credit Lines
At year end 2004, E.ON AG had committed short-term credit lines
of
180 million
(2003:
180 million)
with maturities of up to one year and variable interest rates of
up to 25 basis points above EURIBOR. These credit lines may be
used for general corporate purposes. In addition, E.ON AG had
several uncommitted short-term credit lines. As of
December 31, 2004, E.ON AG had a
0 million
(2003:
0 million)
outstanding balance under these credit lines.
As of December 31, 2004, E.ON North America Inc.
(E.ON North America), New York, U.S., a wholly
owned subsidiary of E.ON AG, had an USD 100 million credit
facility. This is an overdraft loan facility to be used for
short-term overnight general corporate use. The rate charged on
the daily loan balance is 8 basis points over the Federal
Funds Rate. There was no outstanding balance under this line at
year end 2004 and 2003.
None of these bilateral credit lines include financial
covenants, nor do they provide for cross defaults or a rating
trigger.
Central Europe
Bank Loans, Credit Facilities
As of December 31, 2004, the Central Europe market unit had
committed credit lines of
491 million
(2003:
284 million).
The credit lines may be used for general corporate purposes. In
particular, they serve as back-up facilities for letters of
credit and bank guarantees. In addition, Central Europe had
uncommitted short-term credit lines with various banks. Under
the credit lines,
181 million
was outstanding at year end 2004 (2003:
118 million).
Most of the credit lines do not have a specific maturity.
Interest rates for unanticipated drawdowns of facilities reach
up to 10 percent. Planned use of the facilities is subject
to interest at variable money-market rates plus a margin of up
to 47.5 basis points.
Bank loans have been used by the Central Europe market unit
primarily to finance specific projects or investment programs
and include subsidized credit facilities from national and
international financing institutions. Bank loans (including
short-term credit lines) amounted to
1,216 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
1,738 million).
Pan-European Gas
Long-Term Loans
In March 1999, the Pan-European Gas market unit obtained four
long-term bilateral loans from banks bearing fixed interest
rates in the aggregate amount of
280 million
with maturities of 5 to 15 years. The loans are repayable
at maturity. The outstanding amount as of December 31,
2004, was
140 million
(2003:
280 million).
The interest rates for these loans vary between 5.005 and
5.068 percent.
In addition, in the period from 1997 to 2003, Pan-European Gas
subsidiary Ferngas Nordbayern GmbH obtained long-term loans from
banks totaling
84 million.
The loans each have a maturity of ten years with annual or
quarterly repayments. The outstanding amount as of
December 31, 2004, was
21 million
(2003:
50 million).
The interest rates for these loans vary between 4.25 and
5.98 percent (on average, about 5.06 percent).
F-63
U.K.
Bonds
Following the acquisition of the Midlands Electricity group of
companies in January 2004, E.ON UK plc assumed responsibility
for the liabilities of the acquired companies that were
outstanding at the time of the acquisition. In the following,
these liabilities are referred to as the Midlands
Debt.
During the first half of 2004, a portion of the outstanding
bonds issued by E.ON UK plc and its subsidiaries were purchased
by other E.ON Group companies following an offer to tender.
Consequently, as of December 31, 2004, only a portion of
the bonds still outstanding were held by investors external to
the E.ON Group, as detailed below:
|
|
|
|
|
GBP 250 million or
352 million
bond issued by E.ON UK plc with a coupon of 8.5 percent
maturing in July 2006, of which GBP 44 million or
62 million
was held by external investors |
|
|
|
GBP 250 million or
352 million
bond issued by E.ON UK plc with a coupon of
6.25 percent maturing in April 2024, of which GBP
8 million or
11 million
was held by external investors |
|
|
|
GBP 150 million or
211 million
issued by Central Networks plc (previously Midlands Electricity
plc, a wholly-owned subsidiary of E.ON UK plc) with a
coupon of 7.375 percent maturing in November 2007 (part of
the Midlands Debt), of which GBP 1 million or approximately
1 million
was held by external investors |
|
|
|
500 million
Eurobond issued by E.ON UK plc with a coupon of 5.0 percent
maturing in July 2009, of which
264 million
was held by external investors |
|
|
|
USD 410 million or
301 million
Yankee Bond issued by Powergen (East Midlands) Investments,
London, U.K., with a coupon of 7.45 percent maturing in May
2007, of which USD 173 million or
127 million
was held by external investors |
Each of these bonds includes covenants providing for a negative
pledge and restrictions on sale and lease-back transactions.
Each also includes a cross-default clause that would be
triggered by a non-payment of principal, premium or interest on
any obligation of the issuer, E.ON UK plc or any of its
subsidiaries, with the threshold amounts ranging from GBP
10 million to GBP 50 million.
As at year end 2004 and 2003, E.ON UK plc and its subsidiaries
complied fully with the covenants included in their outstanding
bonds.
Nordic
Sydkraft Medium Term Note Program
A domestic MTN program was established by Sydkraft in 1999 and
was increased in 2003 to a maximum allowed outstanding amount of
13 billion Swedish kronor (SEK). The facility
is renewed every year and allows for borrowings with a maturity
of up to 15 years with various interest rate structures.
The program does not include any financial covenants but does
contain a cross-default clause which would be triggered by a
default of Sydkraft or any of its subsidiaries on financial
indebtedness in the amount of SEK 10 million or more. The
outstanding amount as of December 31, 2004, was SEK
4,458 million or
494 million
(2003: SEK 5,895 million or
649 million).
Sydkraft and Graninge Commercial Paper Programs
Established in 1990, Sydkrafts domestic commercial paper
program was increased in 1999 to a maximum allowed outstanding
amount of SEK 3 billion. Borrowings can be made for terms
of up to 365 days. The outstanding amount as of
December 31, 2004, was SEK 1,500 million or
166 million
(2003: SEK 300 million or
33 million).
F-64
A Euro commercial paper program was established by Sydkraft in
1990 with a maximum allowed outstanding amount of USD
200 million. Borrowings can be made in various currencies
for terms of up to 365 days. The outstanding amount as of
December 31, 2004, was
61 million
(2003:
0 million).
In addition, Graninge, a subsidiary of Sydkraft, had established
a SEK 3 billion domestic commercial paper program allowing
the issuance of commercial paper with maturities of up to
365 days. As this program was cancelled on August 27,
2004, no amounts were outstanding as of December 31, 2004,
(2003: SEK 792 million or
87 million).
None of these commercial paper programs include any financial
covenants or cross-default clauses.
Bank Loans, Credit Facilities
Sydkraft has obtained bilateral loans from credit institutions
with fixed interest rates ranging between 5.07 and
7.85 percent and with a floating rate spread of 21.5 basis
points and maturities between one and seven years. As of
December 31, 2004, the aggregate amount outstanding was SEK
2,269 million or
252 million
(2003: SEK 2,745 million or
302 million).
These loans have mainly been used to finance specific
investments.
A revolving credit facility of
210 million
was established by Sydkraft ABs subsidiary Graninge in
1999. This facility was cancelled on April 1, 2004, and
consequently no amounts were outstanding as of December 31,
2004 (2003:
110 million).
U.S. Midwest
Bonds and Medium Term Note Programs
LG&E Capital Corp. (LG&E Capital),
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S., has an MTN program under which it
was authorized to issue initially up to USD 1.05 billion in
bonds. Amounts repaid may not be reborrowed. As of
December 31, 2004, the amount outstanding under the program
was USD 300 million or
221 million
(2003: USD 450 million or
360 million),
leaving USD 400 million available for future issuance. The
average interest rate for issues under this program for 2004 was
6.97 percent with maturities ranging from 2008 to 2011.
The LG&E Capital MTN program requires LG&E Energy to
maintain ownership of at least 80 percent of LG&E
Capital and 100 percent of Louisville Gas and Electric
Company (LG&E), Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. The
program also requires LG&E Capital to maintain tangible net
worth of at least USD 25 million, and prohibits liens on
the shares of LG&E and LG&E Capital. Additionally, the
program limits the use of sale and leaseback transactions. Any
default on debt of the subsidiaries of LG&E Capital in
excess of USD 15 million or a default by LG&E or
LG&E Energy in excess of USD 25 million causes a
default of the MTN program.
In addition, as of December 31, 2004, bonds in the amount
of USD 574 million or
422 million
(2003: USD 574 million or
459 million)
were outstanding at LG&E and bonds in the amount of USD
385 million or
283 million
(2003: USD 390 million or
312 million)
were outstanding at Kentucky Utilities Company (Kentucky
Utilities), Louisville, Kentucky, U.S., with fixed
interest rates as well as with variable interest rates. Fixed
rate bonds range from 5.90 percent to 7.92 percent, the
average interest rate on the variable rate bonds was less than
2.00 percent in 2004. On the LG&E bonds, maturities
range from 2013 to 2033, and on the Kentucky Utilities bonds,
maturities range from 2006 to 2034. The LG&E and Kentucky
Utilities bonds are collateralized by a lien on substantially
all of the assets of the respective companies.
Bilateral Credit Lines, Bank Loans
LG&E has five revolving lines of credit with banks totaling
USD 185 million or
136 million.
These credit facilities expire in June 2005, and there was no
outstanding balance under any of these facilities on
December 31, 2004 (2003:
0 million).
These revolving lines of credit include financial covenants, in
particular that LG&Es debt/total capitalization ratio
must be less than 70 percent and that E.ON AG must own at
least two thirds of voting stock of LG&E directly or
indirectly. Furthermore, the corporate credit rating of LG&E
must be at or above BBB- and Baa3 and LG&E may not dispose
of assets aggregating more than 15 percent of total assets.
Each of the credit lines
F-65
contains a cross-default provision that causes the LG&E
bilateral line of credit to be in default if LG&E is in
default on other debt in excess of USD 25 million.
In addition to the above, at year end 2004, LG&E Capital had
short-term and long-term loans totaling USD 5 million
or
4 million
(2003: USD 35 million or
28 million).
Viterra
Bilateral Credit Lines
At year end 2004, Viterra had committed short-term credit lines
from various domestic and international banks of approximately
191 million
(2003:
471 million)
with maturities of up to one year. These credit lines may be
used for general corporate purposes (such as bank guarantees).
As of December 31, 2004, there was
130 million
outstanding under these lines (2003:
149 million).
Long-Term Loans
At year end 2004, Viterra AG and its subsidiaries had numerous
long-term loans from banks and other creditors totaling
2,855 million
(2003:
2,480 million).
As of December 31, 2004, a nominal amount of
1,542 million
of all loans from banks and other creditors was collateralized
by mortgages on real estate and an equivalent amount of
1,111 million
was collateralized by a pledge of company shares. The interest
rates on these financial liabilities vary between 0 and
8.5 percent (on average, about 4 percent).
As of December 31, 2004, E.ONs financial liabilities
to banks and third parties had the following maturities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repayment | |
|
Repayment | |
|
Repayment | |
|
Repayment | |
|
Repayment | |
|
Repayment | |
|
|
in millions |
|
2005 | |
|
2006 | |
|
2007 | |
|
2008 | |
|
2009 | |
|
after 2009 | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Bonds (including MTN programs)
|
|
|
355 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
4,522 |
|
|
|
3,487 |
|
|
|
9,148 |
|
Commercial paper
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
Bank loans/ Liabilities due to banks
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
410 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
427 |
|
|
|
1,614 |
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
Bills payable
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
Other financial liabilities
|
|
|
155 |
|
|
|
170 |
|
|
|
126 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
121 |
|
|
|
946 |
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities to banks and third parties
|
|
|
5,154 |
|
|
|
1,092 |
|
|
|
786 |
|
|
|
459 |
|
|
|
5,070 |
|
|
|
6,047 |
|
|
|
18,608 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Used credit lines
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
69 |
|
|
|
398 |
|
Unused credit lines
|
|
|
5,834 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
5,005 |
|
|
|
136 |
|
|
|
10,991 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Used and unused credit lines
|
|
|
6,149 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
5,005 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
11,389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The following table shows the effective interest rates for the
Companys financial liabilities to banks and third parties:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
0 - 3% | |
|
3.1 - 7% | |
|
7.1 - 10% | |
|
more than 10% | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Bonds (including MTN programs)
|
|
|
463 |
|
|
|
8,486 |
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,148 |
|
Commercial paper
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,631 |
|
Bank loans/ Liabilities due to banks
|
|
|
1,507 |
|
|
|
2,533 |
|
|
|
90 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
Bills payable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
51 |
|
Other financial liabilities
|
|
|
285 |
|
|
|
1,338 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
1,648 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities to banks and third parties
|
|
|
5,886 |
|
|
|
12,408 |
|
|
|
294 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
18,608 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-66
The following table provides details of the Companys bank
loans/ liabilities due to banks as of the dates indicated:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Bank loans collateralized by mortgages on real estate
|
|
|
1,147 |
|
|
|
1,678 |
|
Other collateralized bank loans
|
|
|
805 |
|
|
|
574 |
|
Uncollateralized bank loans, drawings on credit lines,
short-term loans
|
|
|
2,178 |
|
|
|
2,665 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,130 |
|
|
|
4,917 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collateralized liabilities to banks totaled
1,952 million
as of December 31, 2004 (2003:
2,252 million),
including
278 million
(2003:
495 million)
that are non-interest-bearing or bear interest rates below
market rates.
Bank loans that bear interest below market rates have been
granted mainly to Viterra for financing residential rental real
estate. In return, occupancy rights and/or rents below the
prevailing market rates are offered to the lender. Due to these
conditions, such loans appear at present value on the balance
sheet. The difference resulting from discounting is reported
under deferred income and released in subsequent years as rental
income. The interest on the liabilities results in increased
interest expense.
Financial liabilities include non-interest-bearing and
low-interest liabilities in the amount of
566 million
in 2004 (2003:
1,052 million).
Operating Liabilities
Operating liabilities in the amount of
13,945 million
(2003:
13,839 million)
are non-interest-bearing.
Capital expenditure grants of
271 million
(2003:
285 million)
are paid primarily by customers in the core energy business for
capital expenditures made on their behalf, while E.ON retains
the assets. The grants are non-refundable and are recognized in
other operating income over the period of the depreciable lives
of the related assets.
Construction grants of
3,558 million
(2003:
3,516 million)
are paid by customers of the core energy business for costs of
connections according to the generally binding linkup terms.
These grants are customary in the industry, generally
non-refundable and recognized as revenue according to the useful
lives of the related assets.
Other operating liabilities primarily include the negative fair
values of derivative financial instruments of
1,773 million
(2003:
1,791 million),
E.ON Beneluxs cross-border leasing transactions for power
plants amounting to
900 million
(2003:
1,020 million)
and accrued interest payable of
694 million
(2003:
644 million).
(25) Contingencies and Commitments
E.ON is subject to contingencies and commitments involving a
variety of matters, including different types of guarantees,
litigation and claims (as discussed in Note 26), long-term
contractual and legal obligations and other commitments.
Financial Guarantees
Financial guarantees include both direct and indirect
obligations (indirect guarantees of indebtedness of others).
These require the guarantor to make contingent payments based on
the occurrence of certain events or changes in an underlying
instrument that is related to an asset, a liability, or the
equity of the guaranteed party.
The Companys financial guarantees include
nuclear-energy-related items. Obligations also comprise direct
financial guarantees to creditors of related parties and third
parties. Financial guarantees with specified terms extend as far
as 2029. Maximum potential undiscounted future payments could
total up to
737 million
(2003:
F-67
525 million).
534 million
of this amount involves guarantees issued on behalf of related
parties (2003:
310 million).
Indirect guarantees primarily include obligations in connection
with cross-border leasing transactions and obligations to
provide financial support to primarily related parties. Indirect
guarantees have specified terms up to 2023. Maximum potential
undiscounted future payments could total up to
459 million
(2003:
663 million).
162 million
of this amount involves guarantees issued on behalf of related
parties (2003:
353 million).
The Company has recorded provisions of
98 million
(2003:
95 million)
as of December 31, 2004, with respect to financial
guarantees. In addition, E.ON has commitments under which it
assumes joint and several liability arising from its stakes in
the civil-law companies (GbR), non-corporate
commercial partnerships and consortia in which it participates.
Several subsidiaries have certain obligations that are based on
their membership in VKE in accordance with the articles of
incorporation. It is not expected that any claims will arise in
respect of these obligations.
Pursuant to the amendments of the Atomgesetz (AtG)
and the amendments to the Regulation regarding the Provision for
Coverage of the AtG (Atomrechtliche
Deckungsvorsorge-Verordnung or AtDeckV) on
April 27, 2002, German nuclear power plant operators are
required to provide nuclear accident liability coverage of up to
2.5 billion
per incident.
From this provision, a standardized insurance facility in the
amount of
255.6 million
was set up. The institution Nuklear Haftpflicht Gesellschaft
bürgerlichen Rechts (Nuklear Haftpflicht GbR)
now only covers costs between
0.5 million
and
15 million
for claims related to officially ordered evacuation measures.
Group companies have agreed to place their subsidiaries
operating nuclear power plants in a position to maintain a level
of liquidity that will enable them at all times to meet their
obligations as members of the Nuklear Haftpflicht GbR, in
proportion to their shareholdings in nuclear power plants.
To provide liability coverage for the additional
2,244.4 million
per incident required by the above-mentioned amendments, E.ON
Energie AG and the other parent companies of German nuclear
power plant operators reached a Solidarity Agreement
(Solidarvereinbarung) on July 11, July 27,
August 21, and August 28, 2001. If an accident occurs,
the Solidarity Agreement calls for the nuclear power plant
operator liable for the damages to receive after the
operators own resources and those of its parent company
are exhausted financing sufficient for the operator
to meet its financial obligations. Under the Solidarity
Agreement, E.ON Energie AGs share of the liability
coverage is 43.0 percent (2003: 43.0 percent) and an
additional 5.0 percent charge for the administrative costs
of processing damage claims.
In accordance with Swedish law, the Nordic market unit has
issued guarantees to governmental authorities. The guarantees
were issued to cover possible additional costs related to the
disposal of high-level radioactive waste and to nuclear power
plant decommissioning. These costs could arise if actual costs
exceed accumulated funds. In addition, Nordic is also
responsible for any costs related to the disposal of low-level
radioactive waste. In Sweden, owners of nuclear facilities are
liable for damages resulting from accidents occurring in those
nuclear facilities and for accidents involving any radioactive
substances connected with the operation of those facilities. The
liability is limited to the equivalent of
341 million
per incident, which amount must be insured according to the Law
Concerning Nuclear Liability. The Nordic market unit has
purchased the necessary insurance for its nuclear power plants.
The Swedish government is currently in the process of reviewing
the regulatory framework for nuclear obligations. As of today,
it is unclear if and to what extent this review will lead to an
adjustment of the nuclear liability limit in Sweden.
Neither the U.K. nor the U.S. Midwest market units operate
nuclear power plants; they therefore do not have comparable
contingent liabilities.
Indemnification Agreements
Contracts in connection with the disposal of shareholdings
concluded throughout the Group include indemnification
agreements and other guarantees with terms up to 2041 in
accordance with contractual arrangements and local legal
requirements, unless shorter terms were contractually agreed.
The maximum undiscounted amounts potentially payable under these
agreements could total up to
4,602 million
(2003:
5,693 million).
These typically relate to customary representations and
warranties, environmental damages and
F-68
taxes. In some cases the buyer is required to either share costs
or cover a certain amount of costs before the Company is
required to make any payments. Some obligations are to be
covered first by insurance contracts or provisions of the
disposed companies. The Company has recorded provisions of
86 million
(2003:
103 million)
as of December 31, 2004, with respect to all indemnities
and other guarantees included in sales agreements. Guarantees
issued by companies that were later sold by E.ON AG (or VEBA AG
and VIAG AG before their merger) are included in the final sales
contracts in the form of indemnities
(Freistellungen).
Other Guarantees
Other guarantees include contingent purchase consideration
(maximum potential undiscounted future payments of
36 million;
2003:
36 million)
with an effective period through 2020 and warranties and market
value guarantees (maximum potential undiscounted future payments
of
91 million).
Other guarantees also include product warranties
(25 million
included in provisions as of December 31, 2004). The
changes compared to the provisions of
30 million
as of December 31, 2003, are the combined result of
10 million
from the utilization of provisions,
3 million
from the reversal of provisions and
8 million
from additions in 2004.
Long-Term Obligations
As of December 31, 2004, the principal long-term
contractual obligations in place relate to the purchase of
fossil fuels such as gas, lignite and hard coal.
Gas is usually procured on the basis of long-term purchase
contracts with large international producers of natural gas.
Such contracts are generally of a take-or-pay
nature. The prices paid for natural gas are normally tied to the
prices of competing energy sources, as dictated by market
conditions. The conditions of these long-term contracts are
reviewed at certain specific intervals (usually every
3 years) as part of contract negotiations and may thus
change accordingly. In the absence of an agreement on a pricing
review, a neutral board of arbitration makes a final binding
decision. Financial obligations arising from these contracts are
calculated based on the same principles that govern internal
budgeting. Furthermore, the take-or-pay conditions in the
individual contracts are also used to perform the calculations.
The contractual obligations in place for the purchase of
electricity relate especially to purchases from jointly operated
power plants. The purchase price of electricity from jointly
operated power plants is determined by the suppliers
production cost plus a profit margin that is generally
calculated on the basis of an agreed return on capital.
Long-term contractual obligations have also been entered into by
the Central Europe market unit in connection with the
reprocessing and storage of spent fuel elements. Respective
prices are based on prevailing market conditions.
Other financial obligations amount to
4,093 million
(2003:
4,538 million).
They consist primarily of obligations for cash offers and
potential obligations arising from the acquisition of shares.
Obligations for cash offers to minority shareholders relate to
CONTIGAS.
In addition, there is a put option agreement in place since
October 2001, allowing a minority shareholder of Sydkraft to
exercise its right to sell its remaining stake for approximately
2 billion.
In 2003, the term of this option was extended to 2007.
Furthermore, the Central Europe market unit has entered into put
option agreements related to various acquisitions that allow
other shareholders to exercise rights to sell their remaining
stakes for an aggregate total of approximately
0.9 billion.
The Nordic market unit has entered into a put option agreement
related which, if exercised, would lead to the acquisition by
that market unit of additional shares in E.ON Finland.
F-69
As of December 31, 2004, expected payments arising from
long-term obligations total
124,459 million
and are as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
Total | |
|
Less than 1 year | |
|
1 - 3 years | |
|
3 - 5 years | |
|
After 5 years | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Natural gas
|
|
|
104,123 |
|
|
|
8,932 |
|
|
|
15,515 |
|
|
|
20,324 |
|
|
|
59,352 |
|
Oil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
839 |
|
|
|
754 |
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
115 |
|
Lignite and other fossil fuels
|
|
|
311 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
102 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total fossil fuel purchase obligations
|
|
|
106,405 |
|
|
|
9,819 |
|
|
|
16,371 |
|
|
|
20,693 |
|
|
|
59,522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity purchase obligations
|
|
|
3,444 |
|
|
|
807 |
|
|
|
693 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
1,503 |
|
Other purchase obligations
|
|
|
1,264 |
|
|
|
408 |
|
|
|
222 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
484 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total long term purchase commitments/obligations
|
|
|
111,113 |
|
|
|
11,034 |
|
|
|
17,286 |
|
|
|
21,284 |
|
|
|
61,509 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Major repairs
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental protection measures
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
Other (i.e. capital expenditure commitments)
|
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
404 |
|
|
|
93 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
351 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total other purchase commitments/obligations
|
|
|
928 |
|
|
|
411 |
|
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
365 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other financial liabilities
|
|
|
4,093 |
|
|
|
509 |
|
|
|
2,885 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loan commitments
|
|
|
8,325 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
4,387 |
|
|
|
3,499 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
124,459 |
|
|
|
12,277 |
|
|
|
20,382 |
|
|
|
26,369 |
|
|
|
65,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rental, Tenancy and Lease Agreements
Nominal values of other commitments arising from rental, tenancy
and leasing agreements are due as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
144 |
|
2006
|
|
|
129 |
|
2007
|
|
|
121 |
|
2008
|
|
|
113 |
|
2009
|
|
|
75 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
765 |
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1,347 |
|
|
|
|
|
Expenses arising from such contracts reflected in the
Consolidated Statements of Income amounted to
107 million
in 2004 (2003:
100 million;
2002:
132 million).
|
|
(26) |
Litigation and Claims |
Various legal actions, including lawsuits for product liability
or for alleged price-fixing agreements, governmental
investigations, proceedings and claims are pending or may be
instituted or asserted in the future against the Company. These
include two lawsuits pending in the U.S. against subsidiaries of
Ruhrgas Industries GmbH. Since litigation or claims are subject
to numerous uncertainties, their outcome cannot be ascertained;
however, in the opinion of management, any potential obligations
arising from these matters will not have a material adverse
effect on the financial condition, results of operations or cash
flows of the Company.
F-70
In the wake of the various corporate restructurings of the past
several years, shareholders have filed a number of claims
(Spruchstellenverfahren). The claims contest the
adequacy of share exchange ratios or cash settlements paid to
former shareholders of the acquired companies. The claims impact
the Central Europe and Pan-European Gas market units, AV
Packaging GmbH, Munich, Germany, as well as the VEBA-VIAG merger
itself. Because the share exchange ratios and settlements were
determined by outside experts and reviewed by other auditing
firms, E.ON believes that the exchange ratios and settlements
are correct.
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission has requested that
the Company provide them with information for an investigation
focusing in particular on the preparation of its Annual Reports
on Form 20-F and financial statements for the years from
2000 through 2003, including, with respect to all or a portion
of such period, the accounting treatment and depreciation of its
power plant assets, its accounting for and consolidation of
subsidiaries (Degussa and Viterra) and their shareholdings, the
nature of the services performed by its auditors, disclosures
with regard to its long-term commitments (including fuel
procurement contracts), and the process of such documents
preparation and conformity with U.S. GAAP. The Company is
in close contact with the SEC and has been cooperating fully
with the investigation. A similar request that also covers
additional items has been made to the Companys independent
public accountants.
|
|
(27) |
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information |
The following table indicates supplemental disclosures of cash
flow information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Cash paid during the year for
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest, net of amounts capitalized
|
|
|
1,216 |
|
|
|
1,197 |
|
|
|
917 |
|
|
Income taxes, net of refunds
|
|
|
1,241 |
|
|
|
1,064 |
|
|
|
1,170 |
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Increase of stakes in subsidiaries in exchange for
distribution of E.ON AG shares to minority shareholders
|
|
|
182 |
|
|
|
153 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase price payments for Deutschbau shares not due
until subsequent years
|
|
|
367 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange and contribution of assets as part of acquisitions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
167 |
|
For more information regarding the non-cash increase of stakes
in subsidiaries, see Note 18. The Deutschbau acquisition is
explained in Note 4.
The deconsolidation of shareholdings and operations resulting
from divestments led to reductions of
231 million
(2003:
13,153 million;
2002:
20,900 million)
related to assets and
186 million
(2003:
11,306 million;
2002:
14,535 million)
related to provisions and liabilities. Cash and cash equivalents
divested herewith amounted to
19 million
(2003:
214 million;
2002:
1,373 million).
In 2004, cash provided by operating activities increased over
the preceding year, this was due entirely to developments in the
core energy business. The principal contributors to this
increased cash flow were the U.K. and Nordic market units,
particularly through the consolidation of Midlands Electricity
and Graninge, price adjustments in the retail sector, and
reductions of net working capital, as well as improvements in
operations. In addition, certain one-time events that negatively
affected cash flow in 2003 did not recur. Cash provided by
operating activities increased by
1,924 million
from
3,614 million
in 2002 to
5,538 million
in 2003, reflecting the Companys focus on its core energy
businesses.
Outlays for investments in property, plant and equipment and in
intangible assets were roughly at the same level as in 2003.
Investments in financial assets were sharply reduced from 2003.
The high value reported in 2003 resulted primarily from the
acquisition of Ruhrgas. The most important individual investment
projects in 2004 were the acquisition of Midlands Electricity,
the acquisition of the outstanding Graninge shares and the
completion of the squeeze-out transaction at Thüga.
Payments for acquisitions of subsidiaries during the current
year amounted to
1,004 million
(2003:
5,531 million;
2002:
12,758 million).
The 2002 amount does not include
5,679 million
for the acquisition of
F-71
E.ON Ruhrgas shares as these shares were not consolidated before
2003, and consists primarily of the payments for the
acquisitions of E.ON UK and TXU Europe. Cash and cash
equivalents acquired herewith amounted to
110 million
(2003:
352 million;
2002:
819 million).
These purchases resulted in assets amounting to
2,680 million
(2003:
21,321 million;
2002:
31,018 million)
and in provisions and liabilities totaling
2,569 million
(2003:
9,806 million;
2002:
18,260 million).
(28) Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging
Transactions
Strategy and Objectives
During the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to
foreign currency risk, interest rate risk, and commodity price
risk. These risks create volatility in earnings, equity, and
cash flows from period to period. The Company makes use of
derivative instruments in various strategies to eliminate or
limit these risks.
The Companys policy generally permits the use of
derivatives if they are associated with underlying assets or
liabilities, forecasted transactions, or legally binding rights
or obligations. Some of the companies in the market units also
conduct proprietary trading in commodities within the risk
management guidelines described below.
E.ON AG has enacted general risk management guidelines for the
use of derivative interest and foreign currency instruments as
well as for commodity risk management that constitute a
comprehensive framework for the entire Group. The market units
have also adopted specific risk management guidelines to manage
the appropriate risks arising from their respective activities.
The market units guidelines operate within the general
risk management guidelines of E.ON AG. As part of the
Companys framework for interest rate, foreign currency and
commodity risk management, an enterprise-wide reporting system
is used to monitor each reporting units exposures to these
risks and their long-term and short-term financing needs. The
creditworthiness of counterparties is monitored on a regular
basis.
Energy trading activities are subject to the specific market
units risk management guidelines. The market units
involved in such activities enter into energy trading contracts
for price risk management, system optimization, load balancing
and margin improvement. Proprietary trading is only allowed
within strict limits, which are established and monitored by a
board independent from the trading operations. The risk ratios
and limits used mainly include Profit at Risk and Value at Risk
figures, as well as volume, credit and book limits. Additional
key elements of risk management are the clear division of duties
between scheduling, trading, settlement and control, as well as
a risk reporting independent from the trading operations.
Hedge Accounting in accordance with SFAS 133 is used
primarily for interest rate derivatives regarding hedges of
long-term debts, for foreign currency derivatives regarding
hedges of net investments in foreign operations and long-term
receivables and debts denominated in foreign currencies. For
commodities, potentially volatile future cash flows from planned
purchases and sales of electricity, as well as from gas supply,
are hedged.
Fair Value Hedges
The Company generally seeks to maintain a desired level of
floating-rate assets and debt. To this end, the Company uses
interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps to manage
interest rate and foreign currency risk arising from long-term
loans and debt obligations denominated in euro and foreign
currencies (principally USD and SEK). Gains and losses on these
hedges are generally reported in that line item of the income
statement which also includes the respective hedged
transactions. The ineffective portion of fair value hedges as of
December 31, 2004, resulted in a gain of
2 million
(2003:
2 million)
and is included in other operating income.
Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps are
concluded to hedge the interest rate and currency risks arising
from floating-rate debt obligations and loans issued by the
Company and its reporting units. By using these swaps, the
Company pursues its strategy to hedge payments in foreign
currency and in euro against interest-bearing long-term loans
and debt obligations in the functional currency of the
respective E.ON company by using cash flow hedge accounting. To
reduce cash flow fluctuations arising from electricity and gas
transactions effected
F-72
at variable spot prices, futures and forward contracts are
concluded and accounted for using cash flow hedge accounting.
As of December 31, 2004, the hedged transactions in place
included foreign currency cash flow hedges with maturities of up
to 20 years (2003: up to 13 years) and up to
28 years (2003: 29 years) for interest rate cash flow
hedges. Planned commodity cash flow hedges have maturities of up
to 3 years (2003: up to 4 years).
The amount of ineffectiveness for cash flow hedges recorded for
the year ended December 31, 2004, was a gain of
1 million
(2003:
0 million).
For the year ended December 31, 2004, reclassifications
from accumulated other comprehensive income for cash flow hedges
resulted in a gain of
117 million
(2003:
154 million
loss). The Company estimates that reclassifications from
accumulated other comprehensive income for cash flow hedges in
the next twelve months will result in a gain of
164 million.
Gains and losses from reclassification are generally reported in
that line item of the income statement which also includes the
respective hedged transaction. Gains and losses from the
ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are classified as other
operating income or other operating expenses.
Net Investment Hedges
The Company uses foreign currency loans, foreign currency
forwards, FX swaps and cross-currency swaps to protect the value
of its net investments in its foreign operations denominated in
foreign currencies. For the year ended December 31, 2004,
the Company recorded an amount of
1,060 million
(2003:
856 million)
in accumulated other comprehensive income within
stockholders equity due to changes in fair value of
derivative and foreign currency transaction results of
non-derivative hedging instruments.
Valuation of Derivative Instruments
The fair value of derivative instruments is sensitive to
movements in underlying market rates and other relevant
variables. The Company assesses and monitors the fair value of
derivative instruments on a periodic basis. Fair values for each
derivative financial instrument are determined as being equal to
the price at which one party would assume the rights and duties
of another party, and calculated using common market valuation
methods with reference to available market data as of the
balance-sheet date.
The following is a summary of the methods and assumptions for
the valuation of utilized derivative financial instruments in
the Consolidated Financial Statements.
|
|
|
|
|
Currency, electricity, gas, oil and coal forward contracts,
swaps, and emissions-related derivatives are valued separately
at their forward rates and prices as of the balance sheet date.
Forward rates and prices are based on spot rates and prices,
with forward premiums and discounts taken into consideration. |
|
|
|
Market prices for currency, electricity and gas options are
valued using standard option pricing models commonly used in the
market. The fair values of caps, floors, and collars are
determined on the basis of quoted market prices or on
calculations based on option pricing models. |
|
|
|
The fair values of existing instruments to hedge interest rate
risk are determined by discounting future cash flows using
market interest rates over the remaining term of the instrument.
Discounted cash values are determined for interest rate,
cross-currency and cross-currency interest rate swaps for each
individual transaction as of the balance-sheet date. Interest
exchange amounts are considered with an effect on current
results at the date of payment or accrual. |
|
|
|
Equity swaps are valued on the basis of the stock prices of the
underlying equities, taking into consideration any financing
components. |
|
|
|
Exchange-traded energy futures and option contracts are valued
individually at daily settlement prices determined on the
futures markets that are published by their respective clearing
houses. Paid initial margins are disclosed under other assets.
Variation margins received or paid during the term of such
contracts are stated under other liabilities or other assets,
respectively. |
F-73
|
|
|
|
|
Certain long-term energy contracts are valued by the use of
valuation models that include average probabilities and take
into account individual contract details and variables. |
The following two tables include both derivatives that qualify
for SFAS 133 hedge accounting treatment and those that do
not qualify.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
Total Volume of Foreign Currency, Interest Rate and |
|
| |
|
| |
Equity-Based Derivatives |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
in millions |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
FX forward transactions
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy
|
|
|
4,238.2 |
|
|
|
(41.3 |
) |
|
|
2,149.5 |
|
|
|
(142.5 |
) |
|
Sell
|
|
|
5,328.6 |
|
|
|
134.2 |
|
|
|
4,789.8 |
|
|
|
174.6 |
|
FX currency options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy
|
|
|
782.7 |
|
|
|
46.7 |
|
|
|
425.4 |
|
|
|
14.6 |
|
|
Sell
|
|
|
422.2 |
|
|
|
(36.4 |
) |
|
|
17.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
10,771.7 |
|
|
|
103.2 |
|
|
|
7,382.2 |
|
|
|
46.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cross currency swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
499.1 |
|
|
|
(7.0 |
) |
|
|
376.1 |
|
|
|
(25.1 |
) |
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
11,033.7 |
|
|
|
484.2 |
|
|
|
3,464.8 |
|
|
|
251.1 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
7,163.8 |
|
|
|
236.3 |
|
|
|
7,304.6 |
|
|
|
188.9 |
|
Interest rate/cross currency swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
102.3 |
|
|
|
1.4 |
|
|
|
51.1 |
|
|
|
(0.7 |
) |
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
125.0 |
|
|
|
12.1 |
|
|
|
227.3 |
|
|
|
17.4 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
297.4 |
|
|
|
(38.5 |
) |
|
|
297.4 |
|
|
|
(3.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
19,221.3 |
|
|
|
688.5 |
|
|
|
11,721.3 |
|
|
|
428.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed-rate payer
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
371.0 |
|
|
|
(5.4 |
) |
|
|
315.1 |
|
|
|
(2.6 |
) |
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
2,092.5 |
|
|
|
(107.9 |
) |
|
|
1,567.5 |
|
|
|
(49.8 |
) |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
373.3 |
|
|
|
(36.6 |
) |
|
|
1,283.9 |
|
|
|
(64.4 |
) |
|
Fixed-rate receiver
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
23.3 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
47.6 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
3,914.0 |
|
|
|
100.6 |
|
|
|
99.7 |
|
|
|
8.9 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
147.0 |
|
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
|
1,450.1 |
|
|
|
83.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
6,921.1 |
|
|
|
(44.5 |
) |
|
|
4,763.9 |
|
|
|
(23.8 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest rate options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Buy up to 1 year
|
|
|
554.6 |
|
|
|
(7.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
220.3 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sell up to 1 year
|
|
|
110.9 |
|
|
|
(2.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
220.3 |
|
|
|
(4.0 |
) |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
665.5 |
|
|
|
(9.2 |
) |
|
|
440.6 |
|
|
|
(3.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity swaps
|
|
|
63.8 |
|
|
|
103.0 |
|
|
|
76.5 |
|
|
|
158.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
63.8 |
|
|
|
103.0 |
|
|
|
76.5 |
|
|
|
158.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
37,643.4 |
|
|
|
841.0 |
|
|
|
24,384.5 |
|
|
|
605.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-74
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thereof Trading | |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
December 31, | |
|
|
2004 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Total Volume of Electricity, Gas, Coal, Oil and Emissions Related Financial Derivatives |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
|
Nominal | |
|
Fair | |
in millions |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Electricity forwards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
7,521.9 |
|
|
|
41.6 |
|
|
|
6,537.0 |
|
|
|
9.7 |
|
|
|
7,514.0 |
|
|
|
(167.5 |
) |
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
2,306.2 |
|
|
|
(39.9 |
) |
|
|
1,866.8 |
|
|
|
(19.9 |
) |
|
|
2,364.4 |
|
|
|
(59.7 |
) |
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
59.6 |
|
|
|
(0.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
153.8 |
|
|
|
(7.0 |
) |
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
|
|
(1.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.4 |
|
|
|
(0.4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
9,895.2 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
8,403.8 |
|
|
|
(10.2 |
) |
|
|
10,047.6 |
|
|
|
(234.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
29.7 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
29.7 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
28.4 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
3.1 |
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
21.4 |
|
|
|
3.5 |
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
32.8 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
32.8 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
59.8 |
|
|
|
5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
49.3 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
(0.2 |
) |
|
|
8.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
49.3 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange traded electricity forwards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
3,085.4 |
|
|
|
(93.3 |
) |
|
|
2,053.8 |
|
|
|
(30.6 |
) |
|
|
794.0 |
|
|
|
(83.5 |
) |
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
1,309.9 |
|
|
|
(9.9 |
) |
|
|
696.8 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
858.1 |
|
|
|
(42.5 |
) |
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
4,395.3 |
|
|
|
(103.2 |
) |
|
|
2,750.6 |
|
|
|
(23.5 |
) |
|
|
1,652.1 |
|
|
|
(126.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange traded electricity options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
64.9 |
|
|
|
(1.5 |
) |
|
|
58.6 |
|
|
|
(1.1 |
) |
|
|
101.5 |
|
|
|
(1.5 |
) |
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
132.6 |
|
|
|
(1.6 |
) |
|
|
132.6 |
|
|
|
(1.6 |
) |
|
|
6.2 |
|
|
|
(4.4 |
) |
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
197.5 |
|
|
|
(3.1 |
) |
|
|
191.2 |
|
|
|
(2.7 |
) |
|
|
107.7 |
|
|
|
(5.9 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coal forwards and swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
1,541.6 |
|
|
|
26.8 |
|
|
|
844.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
269.2 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
851.2 |
|
|
|
18.3 |
|
|
|
283.6 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
129.2 |
|
|
|
13.9 |
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
112.0 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
2,504.8 |
|
|
|
46.2 |
|
|
|
1,128.1 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
|
|
398.4 |
|
|
|
17.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oil derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
405.0 |
|
|
|
28.5 |
|
|
|
89.5 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
336.2 |
|
|
|
9.6 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
266.0 |
|
|
|
28.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91.8 |
|
|
|
4.3 |
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
673.8 |
|
|
|
56.6 |
|
|
|
89.5 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
428.0 |
|
|
|
13.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas forwards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
1,606.8 |
|
|
|
77.4 |
|
|
|
4.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
2,714.5 |
|
|
|
102.1 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
1,117.9 |
|
|
|
131.7 |
|
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
|
|
|
832.8 |
|
|
|
71.3 |
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
426.0 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
389.6 |
|
|
|
31.2 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
453.4 |
|
|
|
58.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
3,150.7 |
|
|
|
211.1 |
|
|
|
11.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
4,390.3 |
|
|
|
263.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas swaps
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
1,908.1 |
|
|
|
78.1 |
|
|
|
809.7 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
261.6 |
|
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
1,513.9 |
|
|
|
143.6 |
|
|
|
364.2 |
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
28.1 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
503.1 |
|
|
|
(7.0 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
373.8 |
|
|
|
(24.2 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
4,298.9 |
|
|
|
190.5 |
|
|
|
1,173.9 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
289.7 |
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gas options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
34.1 |
|
|
|
(7.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
419.3 |
|
|
|
(10.6 |
) |
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
24.5 |
|
|
|
(7.7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
502.1 |
|
|
|
(4.7 |
) |
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
56.4 |
|
|
|
5.7 |
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
58.6 |
|
|
|
(15.3 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
977.8 |
|
|
|
(9.6 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emissions related derivatives
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
up to 1 year
|
|
|
28.8 |
|
|
|
(0.5 |
) |
|
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 year to 3 years
|
|
|
5.9 |
|
|
|
(0.1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4 years to 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subtotal
|
|
|
34.7 |
|
|
|
(0.6 |
) |
|
|
11.3 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
25,251.1 |
|
|
|
382.5 |
|
|
|
13,800.4 |
|
|
|
(25.2 |
) |
|
|
18,400.7 |
|
|
|
(72.7 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F-75
Energy trading derivatives with a nominal value of
25 million
(2003:
105 million)
and a negative fair value of
16 million
(2003:
175 million)
relate to operations at the U.S. Midwest market unit that are
discontinued operations at the market unit level, but not at the
Group level, and are reflected in the above table on a gross
basis as of December 31, 2004. Prior-year figures have been
adjusted to maintain comparability.
Counterparty Risk from the Use of Derivative Financial
Instruments
The Company is exposed to credit (or repayment) risk and market
risk through the use of derivative instruments. If the
counterparty fails to fulfill its performance obligations under
a derivative contract, the Companys counterparty risk will
equal the positive market value of the derivative. When the fair
value of a derivative contract is negative, the Company owes the
counterparty and, therefore, assumes no repayment risk.
In order to minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments,
the Company enters into transactions only with high-quality
counterparties that include financial institutions, commodities
exchanges, energy distributors and broker-dealers that satisfy
the Companys internally-established minimum requirements
for the creditworthiness of counterparties.
The credit-risk management policy that has been established
throughout the Group entails the systematic monitoring of the
creditworthiness of counterparties and a regular assessment of
credit risk. The credit ratings of all counterparties to
derivative instruments are reviewed using the Companys
established credit approval criteria. The reporting units
involved in electricity, gas, coal, oil and emissions-related
derivatives also perform thorough credit checks on their
counterparties and monitor creditworthiness on a regular basis.
The Company receives and pledges collateral in connection with
long-term interest and currency hedging derivatives in the
banking sector. Furthermore, collateral is required when
entering into transactions in commodity derivatives with
counterparties of a low degree of creditworthiness. Derivative
transactions are generally executed on the basis of standard
agreements that allow for the netting of all outstanding
transactions with individual contracting partners.
Exchange-traded electricity forward and option contracts with a
nominal value of
4,593 million
as of December 31, 2004, bear no counterparty risk.
In summary, as of December 31, 2004, the Companys
derivative financial instruments had the following credit
structure and lifetime. The netting of outstanding transactions
with positive and negative market values is not shown in the
table below, even though the greater part of the transactions
were completed on the basis of contracts that do allow netting.
The counterparty risk is the sum of the positive fair values.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
|
Total | |
|
Up to 1 Year | |
|
1 to 5 Years | |
|
More than 5 Years | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Rating of Counterparties |
|
|
|
Counter- | |
|
|
|
Counter- | |
|
|
|
Counter- | |
|
|
|
Counter- | |
Standard & Poors and/or Moodys |
|
Nominal | |
|
party | |
|
Nominal | |
|
party | |
|
Nominal | |
|
party | |
|
Nominal | |
|
party | |
in millions |
|
Value | |
|
Risk | |
|
Value | |
|
Risk | |
|
Value | |
|
Risk | |
|
Value | |
|
Risk | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
AAA and Aaa through AA- and Aa3
|
|
|
27,387.9 |
|
|
|
1,783.8 |
|
|
|
9,421.2 |
|
|
|
347.7 |
|
|
|
12,089.9 |
|
|
|
686.3 |
|
|
|
5,876.8 |
|
|
|
749.8 |
|
AA- and A1 or A+ and Aa3 through A- and A3
|
|
|
18,960.4 |
|
|
|
583.8 |
|
|
|
8,254.7 |
|
|
|
202.5 |
|
|
|
9,192.6 |
|
|
|
324.3 |
|
|
|
1,513.1 |
|
|
|
57.0 |
|
A- and Baa1 or BBB+ and A3 through BBB- or Baa3
|
|
|
2,707.0 |
|
|
|
142.8 |
|
|
|
1,414.1 |
|
|
|
74.1 |
|
|
|
973.8 |
|
|
|
42.5 |
|
|
|
319.1 |
|
|
|
26.2 |
|
BBB- and Ba1 or BB+ and Baa3 through BB- and Ba3
|
|
|
522.7 |
|
|
|
22.3 |
|
|
|
380.5 |
|
|
|
17.2 |
|
|
|
142.2 |
|
|
|
5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other(1)
|
|
|
8,723.6 |
|
|
|
467.6 |
|
|
|
5,009.9 |
|
|
|
280.1 |
|
|
|
3,059.8 |
|
|
|
127.7 |
|
|
|
653.9 |
|
|
|
59.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
58,301.6 |
|
|
|
3,000.3 |
|
|
|
24,480.4 |
|
|
|
921.6 |
|
|
|
25,458.3 |
|
|
|
1,185.9 |
|
|
|
8,362.9 |
|
|
|
892.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
This position consists primarily of parties to contracts with
respect to which E.ON has received collateral from
counterparties with ratings of the above categories or with an
equivalent internal rating. |
F-76
(29) Non-Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company estimates the fair value of its non-derivative
financial instruments using available market information and
appropriate valuation methodologies. The interpretation of
market data to generate estimates of fair value requires
considerable judgement. Accordingly, the estimates are not
necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize
for its non-derivative financial instruments under current
market conditions.
The estimated book values and fair values of non-derivative
financial instruments as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, are
summarized in the following table:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31, 2004 | |
|
December 31, 2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
in millions |
|
Book value | |
|
Fair value | |
|
Book value | |
|
Fair value | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans
|
|
|
1,438 |
|
|
|
1,477 |
|
|
|
1,785 |
|
|
|
1,787 |
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
8,617 |
|
|
|
8,617 |
|
|
|
7,969 |
|
|
|
7,969 |
|
|
Financial receivables and other financial assets
|
|
|
2,124 |
|
|
|
2,124 |
|
|
|
2,192 |
|
|
|
2,192 |
|
|
Liquid funds
|
|
|
4,233 |
|
|
|
4,233 |
|
|
|
3,807 |
|
|
|
3,807 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
16,412 |
|
|
|
16,451 |
|
|
|
15,753 |
|
|
|
15,755 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities
|
|
|
20,301 |
|
|
|
21,168 |
|
|
|
21,787 |
|
|
|
22,498 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Company used the following methods and assumptions to
estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments
whose value it is practicable to estimate:
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents are reasonable
estimates of their fair values. The Company calculates the fair
value of loans and other financial instruments by discounting
the future cash flows by the current interest rate for
comparable instruments. The fair values of funds and marketable
securities are based on their quoted market prices or on other
appropriate valuation techniques.
Fair values for financial liabilities are estimated by
discounting expected cash flows for payments on principal and
interest payments, using market interest rates currently
available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities.
The carrying amount of commercial paper and borrowings under
revolving short-term credit facilities is assumed to approximate
fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments.
The Company believes that the overall credit risk related to its
non-derivative financial instruments is insignificant. The
counterparties with whom agreements on non-derivative financial
instruments are entered into are also subjected to regular
credit checks as part of the Groups credit risk management
policy. There is also regular reporting on counterparty risks in
the E.ON Group.
(30) Transactions with Related Parties
E.ON exchanges goods and services with a large number of
companies as part of its continuing operations. Some of these
companies are related companies accounted for under the equity
method or reported at cost. Transactions with related parties
are summarized as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
Income
|
|
|
4,846 |
|
|
|
4,736 |
|
Expenses
|
|
|
2,530 |
|
|
|
2,402 |
|
Receivables
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
1,999 |
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
1,973 |
|
|
|
2,353 |
|
Income from transactions with related companies is generated
mainly through the delivery of gas and electricity to
distributors and municipal entities, especially municipal
utilities. The relationships with these entities do not
generally differ from those that exist with municipal entities
in which E.ON does not have an interest.
F-77
Expenses from transactions with related companies are generated
mainly through the procurement of gas, coal and electricity.
Accounts receivable from related companies consist mainly of
trade receivables and of a subordinated loan to ONE in the
amount of
469 million
(2003:
474 million).
Interest income recognized on this loan amounted to
14 million
in 2004 (2003:
16 million).
In addition to the amounts lent, E.ON in 2003 issued a guarantee
to a bank consortium to provide additional financial support in
the event that ONE is or may become unable to comply with
specified debt covenants. The total maximum obligation of E.ON
under this agreement as of December 31, 2003 was
194 million.
Because of a refinancing measure at ONE in October 2004, E.ON
has ceased to be liable for obligations under this guarantee as
of December 31, 2004.
Liabilities of E.ON payable to related companies consist mainly
of trade payables related to operators of jointly-owned nuclear
power plants, and amount to
1,513 million
(2003:
1,595 million).
These payables consist mainly of loans with annual interest
rates of between 1 and 1.95 percent (2003: between 1 and
1.95 percent) and have no fixed maturity. The Company
purchases electricity from these power plants under a
cost-plus-fee agreement. The settlement of such liabilities
mainly occurs through clearing accounts.
(31) Segment Information
Effective January 1, 2004, the organization of the E.ON
Group is based on target markets. The reportable segments are
presented in line with the Companys new internal
organizational and reporting structure. E.ONs business is
subdivided into Energy and Other Activities. The core energy
business includes the market units Central Europe, Pan-European
Gas, U.K., Nordic and U.S. Midwest, as well as the Corporate
Center. Viterra and Degussa are reported under Other Activities.
In order to provide for better comparability, the Company has
restated its prior-year segment presentation in accordance with
SFAS 131 to bring it into conformity with the new market
unit structure in effect as of 2004, without affecting the
consolidated figures for the Group.
Reportable Segments in 2004
|
|
|
|
|
The Central Europe market unit, led by E.ON Energie AG, Munich,
Germany, focuses on E.ONs integrated electricity business
and the downstream gas business in central Europe. |
|
|
|
Pan-European Gas is responsible for the upstream and midstream
gas business. Additionally, this market unit holds a number of
minority shareholdings in the downstream gas business. The lead
company of this market unit is E.ON Ruhrgas AG, Essen, Germany. |
|
|
|
The U.K. market unit encompasses the integrated energy business
in the United Kingdom. This market unit is led by E.ON UK plc.,
Coventry, U.K. |
|
|
|
The Nordic market unit, which is led by E.ON Nordic AB,
Malmö, Sweden, focuses on the integrated energy business in
Northern Europe. |
|
|
|
The U.S. Midwest market unit, led by LG&E Energy LLC,
Louisville, Kentucky, U.S., is primarily active in the regulated
energy market in the U.S. state of Kentucky. |
|
|
|
The Corporate Center contains the interests managed directly by
E.ON AG, E.ON AG itself, and consolidation effects at the Group
level. |
Beginning in 2004, adjusted EBIT has taken the place of internal
operating profit as the key figure at E.ON for purposes of
internal management control and as an indicator of a
businesss long-term earnings power. Adjusted EBIT is
derived from income/loss before interest and taxes and adjusted
to exclude certain special items. The adjustments include book
gains and losses on disposals, restructuring expenses, and other
non-operating income and expenses.
Due to the adjustments accounted for under non-operating
earnings, the key figures by segment may differ from the
corresponding U.S. GAAP figures reported in the Consolidated
Financial Statements. Below is the
F-78
reconciliation of adjusted EBIT to income/ loss from continuing
operations before income taxes and minority interests as shown
in the Consolidated Financial Statements:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Adjusted EBIT
|
|
|
7,361 |
|
|
|
6,228 |
|
|
|
4,649 |
|
Adjusted interest income (net)
|
|
|
(1,140 |
) |
|
|
(1,663 |
) |
|
|
(832 |
) |
Net book gains
|
|
|
589 |
|
|
|
1,257 |
|
|
|
1,071 |
|
Cost-management and restructuring expenses
|
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
(479 |
) |
|
|
(331 |
) |
Other non-operating earnings
|
|
|
97 |
|
|
|
195 |
|
|
|
(5,316 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
before income taxes and minority interests
|
|
|
6,799 |
|
|
|
5,538 |
|
|
|
(759 |
) |
Income taxes
|
|
|
(1,947 |
) |
|
|
(1,124 |
) |
|
|
662 |
|
Minority interests
|
|
|
(504 |
) |
|
|
(464 |
) |
|
|
(623 |
) |
Income/(Loss) from continuing operations
|
|
|
4,348 |
|
|
|
3,950 |
|
|
|
(720 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(Loss) from discontinued operations, net
|
|
|
(9 |
) |
|
|
1,137 |
|
|
|
3,306 |
|
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, net
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(440 |
) |
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income
|
|
|
4,339 |
|
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
2,777 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net book gains in 2004 resulted from the sale of E.ONs
interests in EWE and VNG (totaling
317 million),
the sale of securities
(221 million)
and the sale of additional shares in Degussa
(51 million).
In 2003, book gains consisted largely of gains from the sale of
shares in Bouygues Telecom
(840 million),
the sale of shares in Degussa
(168 million),
and from the sale of securities held by the Central Europe
market unit
(165 million).
In addition,
160 million
in book gains were realized from the sale of interests at the
Central Europe and U.K. market units. These gains were primarily
offset by a book loss of
76 million
on the disposal of a stake in HypoVereinsbank held by the
Central Europe market unit. The 2002 figure is attributable
mainly to the disposal of certain parts of Schmalbach-Lubeca and
to the sale of STEAG shares, along with net book gains recorded
at Central Europe in connection with the split of Rhenag and the
sale of certain investments.
Cost-management and restructuring expenses were recorded mainly
at the U.K. market unit
(63 million),
primarily as a result of the integration of Midlands
Electricity, and at the Central Europe market unit
(37 million),
primarily at the two regional utilities E.ON Hanse and E.ON
Westfalen Weser. In 2003, restructuring expenses were recorded
at the Central Europe market unit
(358 million)
and included, among others, expenses relating to the creation of
the regional utilities E.ON Hanse and E.ON Westfalen Weser and
to further early-retirement regulations, and at the U.K. market
unit
(121 million),
relating to the integration of the TXE Europe operations.
Cost-management and restructuring expenses in 2002 were mainly
recorded in connection with Degussa.
Other non-operating earnings in 2004 primarily reflected
unrealized income from the required marking to market of energy
derivatives, which particularly resulted from hedging activities
of the U.K. market unit. In 2004, the marking to market of
derivatives resulted in a gain of approximately
290 million.
This gain was offset by impairment charges on real estate and
short-term securities at the Central Europe market unit and by
certain charges on investments at the Central Europe and U.K.
market units, among others. In 2003, other non-operating
earnings primarily reflected the positive effects from the
required marking to market of derivatives
(494 million).
This was offset by the impairment charge taken by Degussa with
respect to its Fine Chemicals division, which reduced
E.ONs other non-operating earnings by
187 million.
The substantial loss recorded in 2002 was primarily attributable
to the impairment of the goodwill associated with the
acquisition of E.ON UK and the reduction in the value of the
HypoVereinsbank shares and of other securities.
Transactions within the E.ON Group were generally effected at
market prices.
F-79
Segment information for the periods indicated is as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central Europe | |
|
Pan-European Gas | |
|
U.K. | |
|
Nordic | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002(1) | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
External sales
|
|
|
20,540 |
|
|
|
18,983 |
|
|
|
16,068 |
|
|
|
13,859 |
|
|
|
12,573 |
|
|
|
549 |
|
|
|
8,480 |
|
|
|
7,915 |
|
|
|
3,162 |
|
|
|
3,281 |
|
|
|
2,776 |
|
|
|
2,490 |
|
Intersegment sales
|
|
|
212 |
|
|
|
270 |
|
|
|
272 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
400 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
48 |
|
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total sales
|
|
|
20,752 |
|
|
|
19,253 |
|
|
|
16,340 |
|
|
|
14,426 |
|
|
|
12,973 |
|
|
|
567 |
|
|
|
8,490 |
|
|
|
7,923 |
|
|
|
3,162 |
|
|
|
3,347 |
|
|
|
2,824 |
|
|
|
2,571 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(1,121 |
) |
|
|
(1,447 |
) |
|
|
(1,239 |
) |
|
|
(378 |
) |
|
|
(429 |
) |
|
|
(28 |
) |
|
|
(575 |
) |
|
|
(426 |
) |
|
|
(196 |
) |
|
|
(420 |
) |
|
|
(386 |
) |
|
|
(322 |
) |
Impairments(2)
|
|
|
(185 |
) |
|
|
(45 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(94 |
) |
|
|
(4 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Adjusted EBIT
|
|
|
3,602 |
|
|
|
2,979 |
|
|
|
2,281 |
|
|
|
1,428 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
1,017 |
|
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
176 |
|
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thereof: earnings from companies accounted for at equity(3)
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
290 |
|
|
|
269 |
|
|
|
419 |
|
|
|
406 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
43 |
|
|
|
36 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Investments
|
|
|
2,527 |
|
|
|
2,126 |
|
|
|
5,508 |
|
|
|
660 |
|
|
|
667 |
|
|
|
435 |
|
|
|
503 |
|
|
|
388 |
|
|
|
2,672 |
|
|
|
740 |
|
|
|
1,265 |
|
|
|
956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets and property plant and equipment
|
|
|
1,388 |
|
|
|
1,255 |
|
|
|
1,148 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
511 |
|
|
|
322 |
|
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
350 |
|
|
|
369 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
1,139 |
|
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
4,360 |
|
|
|
515 |
|
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
(8 |
) |
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
2,523 |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
522 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
55,537 |
|
|
|
54,808 |
|
|
|
45,477 |
|
|
|
22,720 |
|
|
|
22,928 |
|
|
|
3,269 |
|
|
|
14,986 |
|
|
|
12,610 |
|
|
|
14,153 |
|
|
|
11,289 |
|
|
|
10,662 |
|
|
|
10,998 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. Midwest | |
|
Corporate Center | |
|
Core Energy Business | |
|
Other Activities | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
External sales
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
146 |
|
|
|
48,125 |
|
|
|
44,359 |
|
|
|
23,675 |
|
|
|
978 |
|
|
|
2,068 |
|
|
|
12,949 |
|
Intersegment sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(865 |
) |
|
|
(737 |
) |
|
|
(401 |
) |
|
|
(10 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(30 |
) |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total sales
|
|
|
1,913 |
|
|
|
1,971 |
|
|
|
1,260 |
|
|
|
(813 |
) |
|
|
(596 |
) |
|
|
(255 |
) |
|
|
48,115 |
|
|
|
44,348 |
|
|
|
23,645 |
|
|
|
988 |
|
|
|
2,079 |
|
|
|
12,979 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(195 |
) |
|
|
(200 |
) |
|
|
(112 |
) |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
) |
|
|
(23 |
) |
|
|
(2,712 |
) |
|
|
(2,908 |
) |
|
|
(1,920 |
) |
|
|
(139 |
) |
|
|
(209 |
) |
|
|
(974 |
) |
Impairments(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(18 |
) |
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(297 |
) |
|
|
(76 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
) |
|
|
(37 |
) |
|
|
(9 |
) |
Adjusted EBIT
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
317 |
|
|
|
241 |
|
|
|
(314 |
) |
|
|
(319 |
) |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
|
6,783 |
|
|
|
5,596 |
|
|
|
3,326 |
|
|
|
578 |
|
|
|
632 |
|
|
|
1,323 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thereof: earnings from companies accounted for at equity(3)
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
590 |
|
|
|
803 |
|
|
|
553 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
105 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
Investments
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
4,147 |
|
|
|
12,697 |
|
|
|
5,141 |
|
|
|
9,036 |
|
|
|
22,667 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
1,492 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets and property plant and equipment
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
443 |
|
|
|
399 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(53 |
) |
|
|
(61 |
) |
|
|
2,682 |
|
|
|
2,550 |
|
|
|
2,107 |
|
|
|
30 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
1,103 |
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
423 |
|
|
|
4,200 |
|
|
|
12,758 |
|
|
|
2,459 |
|
|
|
6,486 |
|
|
|
20,560 |
|
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
389 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
7,643 |
|
|
|
8,367 |
|
|
|
9,111 |
|
|
|
(3,672 |
) |
|
|
(3,656 |
) |
|
|
8,496 |
|
|
|
108,503 |
|
|
|
105,719 |
|
|
|
91,504 |
|
|
|
5,559 |
|
|
|
6,131 |
|
|
|
21,999 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E.ON Group | |
|
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
External sales
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
Intersegment sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total sales
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(2,851 |
) |
|
|
(3,117 |
) |
|
|
(2,894 |
) |
Impairments(2)
|
|
|
(308 |
) |
|
|
(113 |
) |
|
|
(15 |
) |
Adjusted EBIT
|
|
|
7,361 |
|
|
|
6,228 |
|
|
|
4,649 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thereof: earnings from companies accounted for at equity(3)
|
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
593 |
|
Investments
|
|
|
5,285 |
|
|
|
9,196 |
|
|
|
24,159 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intangible assets and property plant and equipment
|
|
|
2,712 |
|
|
|
2,660 |
|
|
|
3,210 |
|
|
Financial assets
|
|
|
2,573 |
|
|
|
6,536 |
|
|
|
20,949 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
114,062 |
|
|
|
111,850 |
|
|
|
113,503 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Includes only the 2002 results of those entities transferred
from Central Europe to Pan-European Gas during 2004 and 2003. |
|
(2) |
For all periods presented, the impairment charges included in
adjusted EBIT deviated from the values reported in accordance
with U.S. GAAP. In 2004, the deviation was due to impairment
charges on real |
F-80
|
|
|
property and on a municipal utility investment at the Central
Europe market unit, as well as to an impairment charge recorded
for an Asian power plant investment at the UK market unit, all
of which are included in non- operating earnings. In 2003, the
deviation was due to the impairment charge on an Asian power
plant investment at the UK market unit, which was also included
in non-operating earnings. Deviations in 2002 were due primarily
to the goodwill stemming from the E.ON UK acquisition and
the valuation allowance on the HypoVereinsbank shares, all of
which were also recorded in non-operating earnings. |
|
(3) |
For all periods presented, earnings contributing to adjusted
EBIT from companies accounted for at equity deviated from
earnings from companies accounted for at equity in accordance
with U.S. GAAP. In 2004, this deviation was the result of the
impairment charge on a municipal utility investment at the
Central Europe market unit and of an impairment charge on an
Asian power plant investment at the UK market unit, all of which
are included in non- operating earnings. In 2003, the deviation
was due to the reclassification of at equity earnings from RAG
in other non-operating earnings and to the impairment charge on
the UK market units Asian power plant investment, which
was recorded in other non-operating earnings. In 2002, the
deviation resulted from the book gain on the disposal of
Schmalbach-Lubeca and the sale of the STEAG interest, both of
which were recorded in other non-operating earnings. |
Furthermore, for purposes of internal analysis, interest income
is adjusted using economic criteria. In particular, the interest
portion of additions to provisions for pensions resulting from
personnel expenses is allocated to interest income. The interest
portions of the increases in other long-term provisions are
similarly allocated to interest income to the extent that, in
accordance with U.S. GAAP, they are reported on different lines
of the Consolidated Statements of Income. In 2004, the
substantial decrease in the interest portion in the allocation
of long-term provisions results primarily from the amendment to
Germanys Ordinance on Advance Payments for the
Establishment of Federal Facilities for Safe Custody and Final
Storage for Radioactive Wastes
(Endlager-Vorausleistungsverordnung). This resulted
in a one-time increase in adjusted interest income (net) of
approximately
270 million.
Non-operating interest income (net) primarily reflects
tax-related interest for the periods indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Interest and similar expenses (net) as shown in
Note 6
|
|
|
(1,141 |
) |
|
|
(1,107 |
) |
|
|
(372 |
) |
(+) Non-operating interest income (net)(1)
|
|
|
138 |
|
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
164 |
|
(-) Interest portion of long-term provisions
|
|
|
137 |
|
|
|
494 |
|
|
|
624 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted interest income (net)
|
|
|
(1,140 |
) |
|
|
(1,663 |
) |
|
|
(832 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
This figure is calculated by adding interest expenses and
subtracting interest income. |
Geographic Segmentation
The following table details external sales (by location of
customers and by location of company) and property, plant and
equipment information by geographic area:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe (Eurozone | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Germany | |
|
excluding Germany) | |
|
Europe (other) | |
|
United States | |
|
Other | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
in millions |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
2004 | |
|
2003 | |
|
2002 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
External sales
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
by location of customer
|
|
|
29,775 |
|
|
|
28,281 |
|
|
|
20,215 |
|
|
|
2,354 |
|
|
|
2,404 |
|
|
|
3,190 |
|
|
|
14,303 |
|
|
|
12,554 |
|
|
|
6,705 |
|
|
|
2,322 |
|
|
|
2,619 |
|
|
|
3,884 |
|
|
|
349 |
|
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
2,630 |
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
|
by location of company
|
|
|
31,388 |
|
|
|
29,832 |
|
|
|
22,825 |
|
|
|
1,656 |
|
|
|
1,697 |
|
|
|
1,985 |
|
|
|
13,608 |
|
|
|
11,936 |
|
|
|
6,300 |
|
|
|
2,293 |
|
|
|
2,689 |
|
|
|
4,027 |
|
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
273 |
|
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
49,103 |
|
|
|
46,427 |
|
|
|
36,624 |
|
Property, plant and equipment
|
|
|
23,171 |
|
|
|
23,418 |
|
|
|
23,463 |
|
|
|
1,283 |
|
|
|
1,331 |
|
|
|
1,379 |
|
|
|
15,327 |
|
|
|
13,898 |
|
|
|
11,708 |
|
|
|
3,693 |
|
|
|
4,044 |
|
|
|
5,379 |
|
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
106 |
|
|
|
498 |
|
|
|
43,563 |
|
|
|
42,797 |
|
|
|
42,427 |
|
Information on Major Customers and Suppliers
In all periods presented, E.ONs customer structure did not
result in any major concentration in any given geographical
region or business area. Due to the large number of customers
the Company serves and the variety of its business activities,
there are no individual customers whose business volume is
material compared with the Companys total business volume.
F-81
E.ON procures the majority of its gas inventory from Russia and
Norway.
(32) Compensation of Supervisory Board and Board of
Management
Supervisory Board
Provided that E.ONs shareholders approve the proposed
dividend at the Annual Shareholders Meeting on
April 27, 2005, total remuneration to members of the
Supervisory Board will be
3.3 million
(2003:
3.1 million).
The members of the Supervisory Board of E.ON AG received the
following total remuneration:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed | |
|
Variable | |
|
Compensation for | |
|
|
|
|
compensation for | |
|
compensation for | |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
|
|
|
service on E.ONs | |
|
service on E.ONs | |
|
memberships at | |
|
|
Name |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
Supervisory Board | |
|
affiliated companies | |
|
Total | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
() | |
Ulrich Hartmann
|
|
|
30,000 |
|
|
|
323,925 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
353,925 |
|
Hubertus Schmoldt
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
215,950 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
235,950 |
|
Günter Adam
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Karl-Hermann Baumann
|
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
|
215,950 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
235,950 |
|
Ralf Blauth
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Dr. Rolf-E. Breuer
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Gerhard Cromme
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Wolf Rüdiger Hinrichsen
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Ulrich Hocker
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Eva Kirchhof
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Seppel Kraus
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Prof. Dr. Ulrich Lehner
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Dr. Klaus Liesen
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Peter Obramski
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Ulrich Otte
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
66,700 |
|
|
|
184,675 |
|
Klaus-Dieter Raschke
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
44,778 |
|
|
|
221,741 |
|
Dr. Henning Schulte-Noelle
|
|
|
15,000 |
|
|
|
161,963 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
176,963 |
|
Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Simson
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Gerhard Skupke
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
14,250 |
|
|
|
132,225 |
|
Dr. Georg Freiherr von Waldenfels
|
|
|
10,000 |
|
|
|
107,975 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
117,975 |
|
Attendance fees and meeting-related reimbursements(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
97,838 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
265,000 |
|
|
|
2,861,340 |
|
|
|
125,728 |
|
|
|
3,349,906 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
Attendance fees and meeting-related reimbursements are given as
an aggregate for all Supervisory Board members. |
There were no loans to members of the Supervisory Board in 2004.
Board of Management
Dr. Johannes Teyssen joined the Board of Management
effective January 1, 2004.
Total remuneration to members of the Board of Management in 2004
was
13.8 million
(2003:
17.4 million).
F-82
The members of the Board of Management received the following
total remuneration:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARs | |
|
|
Fixed annual | |
|
Annual | |
|
Gains from | |
|
|
|
granted | |
Name |
|
compensation | |
|
bonus | |
|
exercising SARs | |
|
Total | |
|
in 2004 | |
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
() | |
|
(No. of | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SARs) | |
Dr. Wulf H. Bernotat
|
|
|
1,025,000 |
|
|
|
2,100,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
3,125,000 |
|
|
|
95,339 |
|
Dr. Burckhard Bergmann
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,050,000 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Hans Michael Gaul
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
109,935 |
|
|
|
2,159,935 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Manfred Krüper
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,050,000 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Erhard Schipporeit
|
|
|
650,000 |
|
|
|
1,400,000 |
|
|
|
107,800 |
|
|
|
2,157,800 |
|
|
|
63,559 |
|
Dr. Johannes Teyssen
|
|
|
530,000 |
|
|
|
1,100,000 |
|
|
|
100,200 |
|
|
|
1,730,200 |
|
|
|
52,966 |
|
Other compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
503,962 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
4,155,000 |
|
|
|
8,800,000 |
|
|
|
317,935 |
|
|
|
13,776,897 |
|
|
|
402,541 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other compensation, in the amount of
0.5 million,
relates to benefits in kind, compensation for duties performed
at affiliated companies and the amount relating to the
difference between the provisions for 2003 annual bonus
compensation and the actual amount paid out on the basis of the
subsequent final determination made by the executive committee
of the Supervisory Board.
As long-term incentive compensation, members of the Board of
Management received a total of 402,541 SARs in early 2004 (2003:
461,511). These SARs were part of the sixth tranche of the SAR
plan described in Note 9. The hypothetical intrinsic
exercise values per SAR as of December 31, 2004 are shown
on page F-38.
Total payments to retired members of the Board of Management and
their beneficiaries were
6.1 million
(2003:
5.4 million).
Of these,
0.8 million
(2003:
0.0 million)
resulted from the exercise of stock appreciation rights.
Provisions of
83.5 million
(2003:
83.6 million)
have been provided for the pension obligations to retired
members of the Board of Management and their beneficiaries.
There were no loans to members of the Board of Management in the
2004 fiscal year.
(33) Subsequent Events
On January 8 and 9, 2005, a severe storm caused substantial
damage to the electric distribution network in parts of southern
Sweden. Almost 250,000 Sydkraft customers were without
electricity on the morning of January 9, 2005. In some
cases it took several weeks to restore service. The financial
impact of repairs and compensation payments to customers is
currently estimated at
164 million.
Since they are non-operating in nature, these costs will not
affect adjusted EBIT.
On January 17, 2005, Fortum Power and Heat Oy
(Fortum), Espoo, Finland, exercised a call option to
acquire E.ON Nordics interest in E.ON Finland. E.ON Nordic
owns 65.6 percent of E.ON Finland; this interest in what
was Espoon Sähkö (now E.ON Finland) was acquired by
E.ON Nordic from the City of Espoo, Finland (Espoo),
among others. At the time of the acquisition, Espoo, which
continues to hold a 34.2 percent interest in E.ON Finland,
and E.ON Nordic concluded a shareholders agreement. This
agreement contains legal restrictions on the transfer of shares
by either of the two parties. In April 2002, E.ON Energie
acquired from Fortum an interest in the German utility
Elektrizitätswerke Wesertal. In connection with that
acquisition, Fortum was granted the call option on E.ON
Nordics shares in E.ON Finland; the option was made
subject to the fulfillment of certain legal conditions
originating from the provisions of the shareholders
agreement. Fortum was aware of the content of the
shareholders agreement with Espoo when the option contract
was concluded. The shareholders agreement was modified
thereafter, but still contains restrictions on share transfers.
In response to Fortum exercising its option, E.ON Nordic replied
that, in view of the position held by Espoo on the basis of the
shareholders agreement, E.ON Nordic is not in a position
to deliver the E.ON Finland shares. On February 3, 2005,
Fortum filed a Request for Arbitration with the International
Chamber of Commerce.
F-83
E.ON UK, the U.K. market units lead company, announced on
January 25, 2005, that E.ON AG has enabled a payment of GBP
420 million to be made into its main pension plan in 2005.
Payments will be made into the E.ON Holding Group of the
Electricity Supply Pension Scheme (ESPS) to facilitate the
merger of the four previously autonomous sections covering
Powergen, East Midlands Electricity, Midlands Electricity and
TXU. The payment will cover a significant portion of the
actuarial deficit and improve the pension plans financing
across all four sections.
On February 25, 2005, E.ON Energie acquired
67.0 percent stakes in each of the two Bulgarian
electricity distribution companies Elektrorazpredelenie Varna
and Elektrorazpredelenie Gorna Oryahovitza. The companies
operate in northeastern Bulgaria. In 2004, the companies sold an
aggregate of approximately 5 TWh of electricity to
1.1 million customers. Advance payments equal to the
expected aggregate purchase price made in 2004 amounted to
141 million.
F-84
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant certifies that
it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F
and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: March 10, 2005
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By: |
/s/ Dr. Erhard Schipporeit
|
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Dr. Erhard Schipporeit |
|
Member of the Board of Management and |
|
Chief Financial Officer |
|
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/s/ Michael C. Wilhelm
|
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Michael C. Wilhelm |
|
Senior Vice President Accounting |