UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One) | |||
þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) | ||
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 | |||
Or | |||
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) | ||
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 001-33737
Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc.
(Exact name of Company as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 84-1374481 | |
(State or other jurisdiction | (I.R.S. Employer | |
of incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) | |
1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY | 10020 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | |
Registrants telephone number, including area code: | ||
212-356-0500 | ||
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, $.001 par value | NASDAQ | |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: | ||
None | ||
(Title of class) |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large Accelerated Filer o Accelerated Filer o Non-accelerated filer x Smaller Reporting Company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008 was approximately $35,632,000.
The number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, $.001 par value, as of March 10, 2009 was 35,044,670 shares.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
The information in response to Part III, Items 10,11,12,13 and 14 of this Report are incorporated herein by reference to the Registrants Definitive Proxy Statement, to be filed on or before April 30, 2009, with respect to its 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
PART I | ||
Item 1. | Business | 2 |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 11 |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 22 |
Item 2. | Properties | 22 |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 22 |
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders | 24 |
PART II | ||
Item 5. | Market Price of Registrants Common Stock, Related Stockholder | |
Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 24 | |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 26 |
Item 7. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition | |
and Results of Operations | 28 | |
Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market | |
Risk | 38 | |
Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 39 |
Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting | |
and Financial Disclosure | 39 | |
Item 9A(T). | Controls and Procedures | 39 |
Item 9B. | Other Information | 40 |
PART III | ||
Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 40 |
Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 40 |
Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and | |
Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 40 | |
Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director | |
Independence | 40 | |
Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 40 |
PART IV | ||
Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 41 |
Signatures | 43 |
FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENT INFORMATION
Certain statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are forward-looking statements regarding the plans and objectives of management for future operations. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements included herein are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Our plans and objectives are based, in part, on assumptions involving judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that our assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements are reasonable, any of the assumptions could prove inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking statements included in this report will prove to be accurate. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included herein particularly in view of the current state of our operations, the inclusion of such information should not be regarded as a statement by us or any other person that our objectives and plans will be achieved. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the factors set forth herein under the headings Business, Risk Factors and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. We undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
(a) General Development of Business
Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. (RRCG) is a Delaware holding company which was organized on December 20, 2006. RRCG, through its various subsidiaries, is engaged in the investment banking business. RRCGs principal operating subsidiary is Rodman & Renshaw, LLC (R&R), a Delaware limited liability company organized on June 20, 2002. R&R is a broker dealer registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). RRCG and its subsidiaries, including R&R, are collectively referred to herein as Company, we, our or us.
Overview
We are a full service investment bank dedicated to providing corporate finance, strategic advisory and related services to companies that have significant recurring capital needs due to their growth and development strategies. We also provide research and sales and trading services to institutional investors.
In October 2007, we consummated an underwritten public offering (the October 2007 financing) of our common stock in which we realized net proceeds of $36.3 million.
Through December 31, 2008, we deployed a portion of the proceeds from the October 2007 financing to consummate the following transactions:
In March 2008, we acquired Miller Mathis & Co, LLC (Miller Mathis), a mergers and acquisitions advisor to the global steel industry, for a total consideration of $7.5 million, including acquisition costs, with $4.4 million paid in cash at closing, and the balance payable on the first anniversary of the closing date. The Company, at its election, may pay up to $2.5 million of the deferred consideration in cash or common stock. Up to an additional $2.1 million of purchase price is payable in cash or common stock, or a combination thereof, on the second anniversary of the closing date, upon the achievement of significant growth targets;
In May 2008, we created our Global Capital Markets group (GCM Group) and hired a team of nine professionals and administrative and support personnel, with wide ranging and significant experience in the origination of both initial public offerings (IPOs) and follow-on public offerings, and strategic advisory engagements, as well as substantial experience with Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) financing transactions;
In May 2008, we formed Aceras BioMedical LLC (Aceras BioMedical), a joint venture with an established team of biotech research and investment specialists (Aceras Partners, LLC), to make principal investments in promising products and early-stage companies in the biotechnology and life science sectors. Under the Aceras BioMedical joint venture agreement, we committed to funding up to $30.0 million overthe next five years for acquiring promising compounds and/or making investments in early-stagebiotechnology companies and Aceras BioMedicals working capital requirements; and
In June 2008, we acquired COSCO Capital Management LLC (COSCO), a private investment bank focused on the energy sector. The fixed purchase price was $10.1 million, $8.1 million of which was paid at closing by the delivery of $6.1 million in cash and 1,121,138 shares of restricted common stock of the Company valued at $2.0 million. The $2.0 million balance of the fixed purchase price is payable over the two year period following the closing date. Additionally, we will pay (a) up to a maximum of $4.0 million over the 21 month period following the closing in respect of certain revenue earned, but not yet received, under contracts acquired (of which $1.7 million was paid through December 31, 2008), and (b) certain other incremental payments based upon the acquired business achieving performance targets during the two year period following the closing. In addition, the acquisition of COSCO contained a 21 month
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contingency for additional contingent consideration to the selling shareholders, based on future revenues. This additional consideration, if earned, will be paid annually in a mix of cash and equity.
Our strategic goal is to become a leading full-service investment banking firm for companies with significant and recurring capital needs. Our primary vehicles for achieving this goal have been strategic acquisitions, new hires and joint ventures.
Business Environment
Despite the U.S. governments recent stimulus plan in response to the economic and market turmoil that has been predominant since mid-2008, there is no assurance that the U.S. or global economy will recover in the near-term. As a result, it is difficult for us to predict how our business will perform during the current economic crisis. However, the recurring financing needs of our core client base generally require those clients to access the capital markets on a regular basis, not just opportunistically. In addition, we are not burdened with exposure to commercial paper or real estate risk and hold no investments in structured products or vehicles that have undergone client revaluations, such as collateralized debt obligations and credit default swaps, which have triggered the recent upheaval in the financial services industry.
(b) Financial Information about Industry Segments
RRCG operates in only one industry segment. Revenues generated from operations, measures of profit or loss and total assets of RRCG are reported in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
Overview
We are a full service investment bank dedicated to providing investment banking services to companies that have significant recurring capital needs due to their growth and development strategies. We also provide research and sales and trading services to institutional investor clients.
Our current business began in 2002. Our strategy was to build an integrated investment banking platform focused on the life science sector, particularly biotechnology companies. In furtherance of this strategy, we recruited investment bankers, research analysts, traders and institutional sales people with expertise in the biotechnology sector from other investment banks, from academia and from companies that operate in that sector. As a result, since 2003, we have been a leading investment banking firm to biotechnology companies, a capital intensive market segment, as well as a leader in the Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE) and Registered Direct (RD) Placements transaction markets.
As we continued to expand our capital raising efforts for biotechnology companies, we concluded that many of the financing strategies and transaction structures that we have developed for biotechnology companies could be equally effective for companies operating in other sectors of the economy. However, expanding into new sectors of the economy would require significant amounts of capital. To that end, in October 2007 we consummated a public offering for the purpose of applying the net proceeds to the following: (i) expanding our presence in the life science sector; (ii) developing integrated investment banking platforms for other sectors that have characteristics similar to those of life science (i.e., high-risk, high-yield businesses with significant and recurring capital requirements); (iii) enhancing our investment banking expertise and broadening our product and service offerings, with a particular emphasis on underwritten public offerings; (iv) developing platforms for principal business investment that leverage off of our sector expertise; and (v) establishing a physical presence in other major markets both in the United States and abroad. As of December 31, 2008, we have made significant progress on each of these objectives.
We expanded our presence within the life science sector.
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Through acquisitions, we established investment banking platforms in two significant sectors metals/mining and energy.
We created the GCM Group, hiring professionals and administrative and support personnel, to focus on IPOs and follow-on public offerings.
We formed a joint venture with experts in the biotechnology sector to make principal investments in that area.
We added offices in Houston, Texas, and Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Our Business
Our business consists of: (a) investment banking, which includes corporate finance and strategic advisory services; (b) sales and trading; (c) equity research; and (d) principal transactions.
Investment Banking
Our investment banking professionals focus on providing corporate finance and strategic advisory services to public and private companies. As of December 31, 2008, our investment banking group consisted of 16 senior managing directors and managing directors, who focus on originating, structuring and placing transactions. Nine of these senior bankers were hired in 2008. A significant majority of our investment banking revenues is earned from public companies with a market capitalization below $500 million. We aim to provide these companies with capital origination services and strategic advice throughout their various stages of development.
Corporate Finance
We are corporate finance specialists and plan to continue to focus primarily on financing transactions. Our in-depth knowledge of a particular sector enables us to develop financing strategies, transaction structures and financing instruments that simultaneously address issuers needs for capital and the investment communitys need to balance risk and reward. We offer our clients a broad range of financing alternatives including private placements, PIPEs, RDs and underwritten public offerings.
Private Placements. These transactions involve sales of unregistered securities. In most cases the issuer is a private company,
although public companies can undertake private placements as well.
The securities sold may be common or preferred equity, debt, convertible debt, or derivatives,such as warrants. The debt could be secured or unsecured, senior, mezzanine or
subordinated.Many of these transactions involve units, which include more than one class of securities.
Private Investment in Public Equity, or PIPE. In these transactions, a publicly-traded reporting company sells unregistered securities of a class, and/or convertible or exchangeable for a class, that is already publicly traded. Generally, the issuer is obligated to register the securities within a specified period after the transaction closes.
Registered Direct Offerings, or RD. These transactions are direct placements of securities that have been registered under a shelf registration statement and, therefore, are immediately tradable.
Public Offerings. These transactions involve securities that have been registered and that are listed or traded on an exchange. The offering may constitute an initial public offering by a private company or a follow-on offering by an existing public company.
In 2008, we completed 50 financing transactions. The aggregate amount raised in these financing transactions was $699.0 million, which generated $43.5 million of investment banking revenues for the Company. In a majority of these transactions we were either the lead investment bank or the only investment bank. In addition, we are a recognized industry leader in PIPE and RD financing transactions. From January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2008, we executed over 240 PIPE and RD financing transactions in the aggregate, which raised in excess of $3.8 billion in the aggregate.
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Strategic Advisory Services
We also provide strategic advisory services on a broad range of transactions including mergers, acquisitions and asset sales. We are involved at each stage of these transactions, from initial structuring to final execution.
Sales and Trading
As of December 31, 2008, our sales and trading unit included seven sales people, four sales traders and two traders. They focus on executing trades for institutional investor clients in the United States and Europe. As of December 31, 2008, we were a market-maker for 249 stocks.
Equity Research
As of December 31, 2008, our research department included ten senior analysts: six who cover the life science sector; one who covers the metals/mining sector; one who covers the energy sector; and two who cover other sectors. These senior analysts are supported by 12 associate analysts. As of December 31, 2008, the research department covered 139 companies.
Principal Transactions
To date, our merchant banking efforts have been comprised primarily of making limited principal investments in several PIPE and RD financing transactions where we also acted as the placement agent, and obtaining equity ownership stakes in publicly-traded shell companies, i.e., reporting companies that have no active trade or business and nominal assets, that were subsequently merged with operating private companies through reverse mergers or CAPs® (Collateralized Acquisition Pools®) arranged by us. Under the Aceras BioMedical joint venture agreement, we committed to funding up to $30.0 million over five years for acquiring promising compounds and/or making investments in early-stage biotechnology companies and Aceras BioMedicals working capital requirements.
Industry Leading Conferences
Our investment conferences are industry-leading events that bring together companies, institutional investors, business development executives and experts from our targeted sectors. The conferences are designed to facilitate interactions of companies in our targeted sectors with potential investors and strategic partners. The conferences also provide an opportunity to exchange ideas and build relationships and provide an opportunity for the participating companies and investors to build relationships.
At our most recent conference held in New York City in November 2008, we had 520 presenting companies and over 3,400 attendees and at our conference held in Monaco in May 2008, we had 150 presenting companies and over 550 attendees. Our conferences emphasize small-cap and mid-cap companies and bring together company executives, scientists, industry specialists, venture capitalists and other institutional investors and feature company presentations, panel discussions and one-on-one meetings between company managements and investors.
Business Model
As previously discussed, our business strategy is to provide corporate finance, strategic advisory and related services to companies that have significant recurring capital needs due to their growth and development strategies. Currently, we focus primarily on three sectors:
life sciences, including biotechnology, medical device, pharmaceutical and healthcare services companies;
metals and mining, including steel (manufacturing and distribution) and natural resource exploration companies; and
energy, including oil and gas and alternative energy companies.
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Historically, we have been one of the leaders in the PIPE and RD transaction markets, particularly for biotechnology companies. More recently, we have expanded our product offerings to include underwritten public offerings and have created the GCM Group to focus on these types of financing transactions.
PIPE and RD Financing Transactions
PIPE and RD financing transactions provide public companies with effective and viable alternatives to raising capital through public follow-on offerings. In a PIPE, a public reporting company sells unregistered securities to investors in a private placement transaction and obligates itself to file, and process to effectiveness, a registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) covering the resale of the securities by the investors within a specified period after the financing closes. The investors cannot sell the securities until the registration statement becomes effective, or an exemption from registration is available for the resale of the securities. In a RD, a public reporting company sells directly to investors securities that are covered by what is commonly referred to as a shelf registration statement (a registration statement that was previously declared effective by the SEC) in a financing transaction commonly referred to as a shelf takedown. Since these securities are issued pursuant to an effective registration statement, the investors can immediately resell them after the completion of the transaction. We believe that both PIPE and RD financing transactions offer the advantages of greater speed, lower cost and more efficient execution over public follow-on offerings.
Use of PIPE and RD financing transactions as alternatives to public follow-on offerings has grown significantly in recent years. From 2003 through 2007, the number of PIPE and RD financing transactions increased every year. Since 2003, the amount of capital raised using PIPE and RD financing transactions has increased every year. Sagient Research Systems, the leading provider of research, data, and analytics covering PIPE and RD financing transactions, and a widely quoted and used industry resource, publishes PlacementTracker, which aggregates PIPE and RD financing transactions together for the purposes of its league tables and other statistical data. The following statistical data related to PIPE and RD financing transactions is taken from PlacementTracker. In 2003, there were in the aggregate 947 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $14.4 billion in the aggregate. In 2004, there were in the aggregate 1,314 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $17.1 billion in the aggregate. In 2005, there were in the aggregate 1,353 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $20.7 billion in the aggregate. In 2006 there were in the aggregate 1,377 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $28.6 billion in the aggregate. In 2007, there were in the aggregate 1,448 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $83.5 billion in the aggregate. In 2008, there were in the aggregate 1,040 PIPE and RD financing transactions completed raising more than $121.6 billion in the aggregate.
We completed our first PIPE and RD financing transactions in 2002 and since then have become a leader in this space. The table below sets forth the number of PIPE and RD transactions completed by us and the aggregate amount raised by us in those transactions from 2003-2008. The information in the table below is derived from data published by PlacementTracker.
Number of |
Dollars Raised (In |
|||
Period |
Transactions |
millions) |
||
2003 |
31 |
>$400 |
||
2004 |
38 |
>$590 |
||
2005 |
29 |
>$460 |
||
2006 |
45 |
>$850 |
||
2007 |
53 |
>$930 |
||
2008 |
44 |
>$580 |
According to PlacementTracker, in each of calendar years 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, we were the leading investment bank in terms of the aggregate number of PIPE and RD financing transactions completed, and in calendar year 2004 we were the number two investment bank in terms of the aggregate number of PIPE and RD financing transactions completed.
We believe there is a significant opportunity for continued growth in this space given issuers continuing desire to identify and pursue faster and less costly financing alternatives to traditional follow-on public offerings and
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institutional investors continuing interest in participating in these financing transactions. This is particularly true in the current economic climate where the public capital markets are not readily accessible.
We focus on those sectors of the economy that have significant and recurring financing needs, requiring the companies that operate within those sectors to access the capital markets on a regular basis, not just opportunistically. For example, biotechnology companies require new capital on a regular basis to develop and fund new products and services. We believe that similar dynamics apply to the metals/mining and energy sectors, which we entered in 2008.
Competitive Strengths
Sector Focus
We believe that our approach of creating integrated investment banking platforms that focus on specific sectors of the economy enables us to establish ourselves as one of the leading investment banks to these sectors. An integrated platform includes investment bankers, research analysts, traders and institutional sales people, all devoted to companies operating in the specific sector. Team members are all knowledgeable and, in some cases, experts in this area. We believe this specialization produces a combination of financial and technical expertise, allowing us to better understand and service the strategic and financing needs of our clients and deliver differentiated advice that our clients require and appreciate when addressing complex financing issues and making important strategic decisions.
Our strengths include:
Focus on financing transactions. With the expansion of our GCM Group, we have the added ability to offer our clients a broad range of financing transactions across a variety of sectors, including private placements, PIPEs, RDs, IPOs and follow-on underwritten public offerings.
Development of innovative solutions. Our in-depth knowledge of the sector enables us to develop financing strategies, transaction structures and financing instruments that simultaneously address issuers needs for capital and the investment communitys need to balance risk and reward.
Focused equity research. Our sector-focused research teams look to uncover market opportunities and develop recommendations that will enhance our clients investment returns.
Industry leading conferences. Our industry-leading investment conferences bring together issuers, institutional investors, business development executives and industry and sector experts. Our conferences are an effective marketing tool for us and provide an opportunity for us to facilitate relationship building between the participating companies and investors.
Experienced Professionals with Deep Knowledge and Broad Skills
We have created an entrepreneurial, performance-oriented corporate culture that attracts professionals who share a reputation for sector expertise, strong execution skills and a history of successful transactions. We have fielded for years a team of professionals with extensive track records of success in the biotechnology sector and with PIPE and RD financing transactions. As a result of our acquisition of Miller Mathis and COSCO, we now also boast a team of highly knowledgeable professionals in the metals/mining and energy sectors. In addition, in May 2008 we hired nine people, including professionals and support personnel, for our GCM Group. As a result, we now have a team of highly knowledgeable professionals experienced in underwritten public financing transactions.
Strong Client Relationships
We place great emphasis on developing and nurturing long-term relationships with both our clients and the investment community, such as hedge funds, venture capital funds and private equity funds. Our investment banking professionals have established relationships with senior executives at many of the companies and institutions that we target. Consequently, we have been able to expand our distribution and placement capabilities, enabling us to raise significant amounts of capital for our clients. We strive to build lasting relationships with clients by providing services appropriate to each stage of a companys development. We believe our strong client
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relationships are a result of the high level of service we provide. We provide our clients with frequent and consistent interaction with our senior professionals who are actively involved in all stages of our client engagements. This senior level of involvement enables us to apply our collective judgment and experience to achieve an optimal result in the context of a clients objectives.
Competition
All aspects of our business are intensely competitive. Our competitors are other investment banks, brokerage firms, merchant banks and financial advisory firms. We consider our primary competitors to include the following firms:
Canaccord Adams, Inc. | Leerink Swann & Co. | |
Cowen Group, Inc | Merriman Curhan Ford Group, Inc. | |
Jefferies Group, Inc. | Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. | |
JMP Group, Inc | Piper Jaffray Companies. | |
Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc. | Roth Capital Partners, LLC | |
Lazard Ltd. | Thomas Weisel Partners Group, Inc. |
In addition, if we continue to expand into new sectors, we are likely to face competition from other firms.
We compete on a national, regional and local level as well as on product and business-line bases. Some of our competitors have teams that specifically focus on the same sectors, and some of them specialize in the same types of financing transactions that we specialize in namely, private placements, PIPEs, RDs, IPOs and follow-on public offerings. We do not believe that our competitors have the same level of expertise as we do with PIPE and RD financing transactions or in our target sectors. Many of our competitors, however, have substantially greater capital and resources than we do and offer a broader range of financial products. We believe that the principal factors affecting competition in our business include client relationships, reputation, quality and price of our products and services, market focus and the experience of our professionals.
A number of large commercial banks have established or acquired broker-dealers or have merged with other financial institutions. Many of these firms have the ability to offer a broader range of products and services than we offer, including loans, deposit accounts, insurance and alternative investment strategies. Many of these firms also have more extensive investment banking services, which may enhance their competitive position. They also have the ability to support investment banking and securities products with commercial banking, insurance and other financial services revenue in an effort to gain market share, which could result in pricing pressure in our business. This trend toward consolidation and convergence has also significantly increased the capital base and geographic reach of our competitors.
In the investment banking industry, competition for the recruitment and retention of qualified professionals is also intense. Our ability to continue to compete effectively in our business will depend upon our continued ability to retain and motivate our existing professionals and attract new professionals.
Government Regulation
Our business, as well as the financial services industry generally, is subject to extensive regulation in the United States and elsewhere. As a matter of public policy, regulatory bodies in the United States and the rest of the world are charged with safeguarding the integrity of the securities and other financial markets and with protecting the interests of participants in those markets. In the United States, the SEC is the federal agency responsible for the administration of the federal securities laws. R&R, our wholly-owned subsidiary, is registered as a broker-dealer with the the SEC and FINRA and in 49 states. Accordingly, R&R is subject to regulation and oversight by the SEC and FINRA, a self-regulatory organization, which is itself subject to oversight by the SEC and which adopts and enforces rules governing the conduct, and examines the activities, of its member firms. State securities regulators also have regulatory or oversight authority over R&R. Our business may also be subject to regulation by foreign governmental and regulatory bodies and self-regulatory authorities in other countries.
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Broker-dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales methods, trade practices among broker-dealers, use and safekeeping of customers funds and securities, capital structure, record-keeping, the financing of customers purchases and the conduct and qualifications of directors, officers and employees. In particular, as a registered broker-dealer and member of various self-regulatory organizations, R&R is subject to the SECs uniform net capital rule, Rule 15c3-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), which specifies the minimum level of net capital a broker-dealer must maintain and also requires that a significant part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. The SEC and various self-regulatory organizations impose rules that require notification when net capital falls below certain predefined criteria, limit the ratio of subordinated debt to equity in the regulatory capital composition of a broker-dealer and constrain the ability of a broker-dealer to expand its business under certain circumstances. Additionally, the SECs uniform net capital rule imposes certain requirements that may have the effect of prohibiting a broker-dealer from distributing or withdrawing capital and requiring prior notice to the SEC for certain withdrawals of capital. The SEC has adopted rule amendments that establish alternative net capital requirements for broker-dealers that are part of a consolidated supervised entity. As a condition to its use of the alternative method, a broker-dealers ultimate holding company and affiliates (referred to collectively as a consolidated supervised entity) must consent to group-wide supervision and examination by the SEC. If we elect to become subject to the SECs group-wide supervision, we will be required to report to the SEC computations of our capital adequacy.
The research areas of investment banks have been and remain the subject of increased regulatory scrutiny. In 2002 and 2003, acting in part pursuant to a mandate contained in Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), the SEC, the the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), NASDAQ and FINRA adopted rules imposing heightened restrictions on the interaction between equity research analysts and investment banking personnel at member securities firms. In addition, in 2003 and 2004, a number of securities firms in the United States reached a settlement with certain federal and state securities regulators and self-regulatory organizations to resolve investigations into their equity research analysts alleged conflicts of interest. Under this settlement, to which we were not a party, the firms have been subject to certain restrictions and undertakings. In addition, the settlement imposes restrictions on the interaction between research and investment banking departments, and these securities firms are required to fund the provision of independent research to their customers. In connection with the research settlement, the firms also subscribed to a voluntary initiative imposing restrictions on the allocation of shares in public offerings to executives and directors of public companies. The SEC has proposed amendments to Regulation M that would further affect the manner in which securities are distributed and allocated in registered public offerings, and FINRA has proposed similar rulemaking in this area. We cannot fully predict the practical effect that such restrictions or measures will have on our business. Furthermore, the SEC, the NYSE, NASDAQ and FINRA may, in the future, adopt additional and more stringent rules with respect to offering procedures and the management of conflicts of interest in the future.
The effort to combat money laundering and terrorist financing is a priority in government policy with respect to financial institutions. The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 contains anti-money laundering and financial transparency laws and mandates the implementation of various regulations applicable to broker-dealers and other financial services companies, including standards for verifying client identification at account opening, and obligations to monitor client transactions and report suspicious activities. Through these and other provisions, the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 seeks to promote the identification of parties that may be involved in terrorism or money laundering. Anti-money laundering laws outside the United States contain some similar provisions. The obligation of financial institutions, including us, to identify their customers, watch for and report suspicious transactions, respond to requests for information by regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies, and share information with other financial institutions, has required the implementation and maintenance of internal practices, procedures and controls which have increased, and may continue to increase, our costs, and any failure with respect to our programs in this area could subject us to serious regulatory consequences, including substantial fines and, potentially, other liabilities.
Certain of our businesses are subject to compliance with laws and regulations of the United States, state governments, foreign governments and their respective agencies and/or various self-regulatory organizations or exchanges relating to the privacy of client information, and any failure to comply with these regulations could expose us to liability and/or reputational damage.
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Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by the SEC and self-regulatory organizations or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, either in the United States or elsewhere, may directly affect the mode of our operation and profitability.
The United States and foreign government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, as well as state securities commissions in the United States, are empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or its directors, officers or employees.
Since March 2004, we have received inquiries, subpoenas and requests for production of documents from the SEC, FINRA and the Attorney General of the State of New York (AG) with respect to individual PIPE transactions in which we acted as placement agent. We have responded to each such inquiry, subpoena and request, and, to our best knowledge, our responses have been to the satisfaction of the inquiring party. We have never been advised by the SEC, FINRA or the AG that we are, or have been, a target in connection with any such inquiry or investigation in connection with our PIPE business, and we have no reason to believe that we are currently a target in connection with any such inquiry or investigation. We believe that these inquiries and investigations are consistent with the general regulatory scrutiny that PIPE transactions have been the subject of during this period.
During 2006, 2007 and 2008, we have received ongoing inquiries from FINRA relating to our participation in resale registration offerings that register securities placed in private placement financing transactions in which we acted as placement agent. The inquiries have focused on whether the offerings contemplated by such resale registration statements are subject to the filing requirements set forth in Rule 5110 of FINRA Conduct Rules (Rule 5110) and FINRA Notice to Members 88-101. A Rule 5110 filing seeks approval from FINRA as to the fairness of the compensation received, or to be received, by a member in a financing transaction covered by the rule. The rule generally covers a member that is participating in a public offering, the definition of which is currently the subject of industry discussion and debate. We have responded to each such inquiry, and to our best knowledge, such responses have been to the satisfaction of the inquiring party. We expect that FINRA may seek further information from us. We have never been advised by FINRA that we are, or were, a target in connection with any inquiry or investigation relating to Rule 5110.
Risk Management and Compliance
Risk is an inherent part of our business. Global markets, by their nature, are prone to uncertainty and expose participants to a variety of risks. The principal risks we face are credit, market, liquidity, legal, reputation and operational risks. We consider risk management to be of paramount importance in our day-to-day operations. Consequently, we devote significant resources, including investments in personnel and technology, to the measurement, analysis and management of risk. While risk cannot be eliminated, we seek to mitigate it through a strong internal control environment, with multiple overlapping and reinforcing elements. We developed policies and procedures to identify, measure and monitor the risks involved in our sales and trading and investment banking activities. We apply sound practical judgment before transactions occur to ensure appropriate risk mitigation is in place. We accomplish this objective by allocating the use of capital to each of our business units, establishing trading limits and setting credit limits for individual counterparties.
The challenge is balancing risk versus return. Our objective is to achieve adequate returns from each of our business units commensurate with the risks inherent in those units. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of our approach to managing risks can never be completely assured. For example, unexpected large or rapid movements or disruptions in one or more markets or other unforeseen developments could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The consequences of these developments can include losses due to adverse changes in the value of our portfolio of securities and warrants and increases in our credit exposure to customers and trading counterparties and general systemic risk.
Employees
As of February 28, 2009, we had approximately 130 full-time employees, of which all but 11 are based in our principal offices in New York City. We are not a party to any collective bargaining agreements and we have not had any work stoppages. We consider our relations with our employees to be good.
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Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at 1251 Avenue of Americas, 20th Floor, New York, New York 10020, and our telephone number is (212) 356-0500. We also have offices in Houston, Texas, Boston, Massachusetts, and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Our corporate website address is www.rodm.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this report and you should not consider information contained on, or accessible through, our website as part of this report.
(d) Financial Information About Geographic Areas
In 2008 and 2007, RRCG derived certain revenues from business outside of the United States; however, such revenues were not material. In 2006, RRCG derived all of its revenues from business within the United States. Financial information concerning RRCGs operations is reported in Item 8, Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
(e) Available Information
RRCGs annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments are available on the SECs internet website at www.sec.gov.
The public may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC's Public Reference Room at 100 Fifth Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. As noted above, the SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers such as us that file electronically with the SEC.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
The following are certain risk factors that could affect our business, financial position and results of operations. These risk factors should be considered in connection with evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K because these factors could cause the actual results and conditions to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Before you buy our common stock or other securities, you should know that making such an investment involves risks, including the risks described below. The risks that have been highlighted below are not necessarily the only risks of our business. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be negatively affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock or other securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Certain risk factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements include the following:
Risks Related to Our Business
We have limited cash and cash equicalents and rely on cash flow from operations to operate our business.
At February 28, 2009 we had cash and cash equilavents of approximately $12.5 million ($21.8 million at December 31, 2008). Our capital requirements have been and will continue to be significant. Historically, we have relied upon cash flow from operations to fund our working capital needs. In light of current market and economic conditions it is difficult, if not impossible, to predict the timing or likelihood of generating revenues. In the event that we do not generate adequate cash flow from operations to fund our working capital needs we will need to raise working capital through a debt or equity financing, if available, or curtail operations.
Limitations on our access to capital could impair our ability to expand our businesses.
Liquidity, or ready access to funds, is essential to financial services firms, including ours. R&R, our broker-dealer subsidiary, is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, FINRA and various self-regulatory
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organizations of which it is a member. These requirements typically specify the minimum level of net capital a broker-dealer must maintain and also mandate that a significant part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. Any failure to comply with these net capital requirements could impair our ability to expand our business. Furthermore, there are laws that authorize regulatory bodies to block or reduce R&Rs ability to distribute funds to us. As a result, regulatory actions could impede our access to funds that we need to make payments on obligations or dividend payments. In addition, because we hold equity interests in our subsidiaries, our rights as an equity holder to the assets of these subsidiaries may not materialize, if at all, until the claims of the creditors of these subsidiaries are satisfied.
We derive a significant portion of our revenues from the life science sector, primarily from biotechnology companies. Adverse developments or a decline in investor interest in this sector could harm our business.
In 2008, 2007 and 2006, 59.0%, 70.0% and 60.4%, respectively, of our revenues were derived from the life science sector. Although this percentage may decrease over time, we anticipate that the life science sector (primarily biotechnology companies) will continue to account for the largest portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future. The life science sector is known for its volatility due to a number of factors including the following:
many companies in this sector rely on a single product or class of products;
the sector is highly regulated;
a companys success and viability depends on the results of clinical trials, which are unpredictable;
technological developments;
disposition of patent applications;
international respect of patents;
product recalls;
general economic conditions and political developments;
global competition; and
availability of insurance coverage.
Despite our expansion into other sectors, our revenue and net profits will continue to be subject to the volatility of the life science sector, which could have a detrimental impact on our results of operations.
Our growth may depend on our ability to complete acquisitions and integrate operations of acquired businesses and personnel.
We deployed a significant portion of the net proceeds of the October 2007 financing to acquire businesses and to hire additional bankers and research analysts. We cannot assure you that any of the transactions that we have already completed or that we may complete in the future will be successful and we may not realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions. In fact, these transactions may cause margin fluctuation or otherwise have a material adverse effect upon our operating results.
Achieving the benefits of acquisitions and new hiring depends on the timely, efficient and successful execution of a number of post-transaction events, including, in the case of acquisitions, integrating the acquired business, personnel, systems and operations into our business platform, operations and reporting and information systems. In the case of new hires and joint ventures, the post-transaction challenges include integrating the new people into our corporate culture and managing them properly. Our ability to integrate new businesses and new hires may be adversely affected by many factors, including the size of the business acquired, the number of and the personality of the people involved and the allocation of our limited management resources among various
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integration efforts. Integration and management issues may also require a disproportionate amount of our managements time and attention and distract our management from running our historical businesses.
In connection with future acquisitions, we may decide to consolidate the operations of any acquired business with our existing operations or make other changes with respect to the acquired business, which could result in special charges or other expenses. Our results of operations also may be adversely affected by expenses we incur in making acquisitions and hiring new personnel. For example, in the case of acquisitions, our results of operations will be impacted by expenses, including legal and accounting fees, incurred in connection with the transaction, amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets with definite lives and by additional depreciation expense attributable to acquired assets. Any of the businesses we acquire may also have liabilities or adverse operating issues, including some that we fail to discover before the acquisition, and our indemnity for such liabilities may be limited. Our ability to make any future acquisitions may depend upon obtaining additional financing. We may not be able to obtain additional financing on acceptable terms or at all. To the extent that we seek to acquire other businesses in exchange for our common stock, fluctuations in our stock price could have a material adverse effect on our ability to complete acquisitions.
A principal transaction platform, in which we will invest our own capital, will expose us to a significant risk of capital loss.
Principal investing involves numerous risks, including illiquidity, loss of invested capital and revaluation. In the past, we have used a portion of our own capital in a variety of principal investment activities, including purchasing shell companies to be used in connection with future financing transactions. From time to time we also purchase securities offered in financing transactions for which we are acting as placement agent. We also hold a portfolio of equity securities, including stock and warrants that we received as part of our compensation in connection with investment banking assignments. Recently, we committed ourselves to investing up to $30 million over five years in Aceras BioMedical, which will use those funds to purchase promising compounds or equity securities in early stage companies in the life science and/or biotechnology sectors and for working capital. Other principal investing activities may involve purchasing securities in other high-risk financings of early-stage, pre-public, mezzanine or turn-around companies. These securities are likely to be restricted as to resale and may in any event, be highly illiquid. For example, in the case of investments in marketable securities, principal investments could be significant relative to the overall capitalization of the company in which we invest. Resale of a significant amount of these securities might adversely affect their market and/or sales price. Moreover, the companies in which we invest may rely on new or developing technologies or novel business models or concentrate on markets which have not yet developed and which may never develop sufficiently to support successful operations. Even if we make an appropriate investment decision based on the intrinsic value of an enterprise, we cannot assure you that general market conditions will not cause the market value of our investments to decline. For example, an increase in interest rates, currency fluctuations, a general decline in the stock markets, or other market conditions adverse to companies of the type in which we may invest could result in a decline in the value of our investments or a total loss of our investment. This could materially and adversely impact our financial results and the price of our common stock.
We may also commit our own capital to facilitate client sales and trading activities. The number and size of these transactions may adversely affect our results of operations. To the extent that we have long positions in any of those markets, a downturn in the value of those assets or in those markets could result in losses. Conversely, to the extent that we have short positions in any of those markets an upturn in those markets could expose us to potentially large losses as we attempt to cover our short positions by acquiring assets in a rising market. These long and short positions and the movement of the market relative to these positions could further contribute to the fluctuations in our revenues and earnings, which, in turn, could contribute to volatility in the price of our common stock.
Our client base and the number of products we offer are limited. Our rate of growth will be impaired unless we expand our client base and increase our investment banking revenues.
We derive most of our revenues from investment banking engagements, including placement agent and underwriting fees and strategic advisory fees, which also have higher profit margins than our other categories of revenue. For the years 2008, 2007 and 2006, investment banking transactions accounted for 84.3%, 84.5% and 85.3%, respectively,
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of our revenues excluding principal transactions. In addition, a significant portion of our investment banking revenue derives from publicly-traded companies in the life science sector. In 2008, we acted as sole or lead manager in connection with 44 financing transactions, of which 30 were on behalf of companies in the life science sector. Most of our investment banking clients are public companies and many of them have little or no revenue. From January 1, 2003 through December 31, 2008, our corporate finance transactions ranged from $1.0 million to $163.0 million.
Our future growth still largely depends on our ability to generate significant placement agent and underwriting fees. To do so, we must: (i) continue to build up our expertise in the life sciences, metals/mining and energy sectors and consider expansion into new sectors; (ii) increase the volume of corporate finance transactions in which we act as sole or lead manager; and (iii) actively solicit engagements for larger transactions. Significant factors affecting this strategy include our relatively small size and competition from larger investment banks. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete effectively for new investment banking engagements. If we are unable to increase our investment banking revenue, our rate of growth will be adversely affected, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Our future success depends on our ability to continue to expand our investment banking services into sectors of the economy other than biotechnology.
For the years 2008, 2007 and 2006, investment banking revenues from companies in sectors other than biotechnology and life science were 41.0%, 30.0% and 39.6%, respectively, of our total revenues. Since we did not have any particular expertise in sectors other than biotechnology prior to the second quarter of 2008, we relied, in part, on our relationships with institutional investors and private equity funds to introduce us to companies that need capital and on our own ability to identify opportunities to which we can apply our corporate finance know-how. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to receive referrals from institutional investor sources or that our recent expansion into the metals/mining and energy sectors will result in additional investment banking revenues or that our recently hired investment banking teams will be successful in generating new investment banking assignments.
Our revenue and profits are highly volatile, which may make it difficult for us to achieve steady earnings growth on a quarterly basis and may cause the price of our common stock to decline. In addition, the investment banking sector can be highly volatile, which could adversely impact our revenues and profits.
We have experienced, and expect to experience in the future, significant variations from period-to-period in our revenues and results of operations. These variations may be attributed in part to the fact that our investment banking revenues, which represent the largest portion of our revenues, are typically earned when the financing or merger or acquisition transaction is consummated, the timing of which is uncertain and largely beyond our control. If a transaction fails to close, we will earn little or no revenue despite the fact that we may have devoted considerable resources to, and incurred significant out-of-pocket expenses in connection with, the transaction. As a result, our business depends a great deal on market conditions as well as the decisions and actions of our clients and interested third parties. For example, a client could delay or terminate financing transactions because of a failure to agree upon final terms with the counterparty, failure to obtain necessary regulatory consents or board or stockholder approvals, adverse market conditions or because its business is experiencing unexpected operating or financial problems. In addition, many companies seeking a financing simultaneously explore a merger or sale option. Our investment banking revenues would be adversely affected if companies for which we are acting as placement agent or underwriter were sold and we were not also engaged as a strategic advisor.
Market conditions and valuations for companies in the life science, metals/mining and energy sectors, as well as general market conditions, can materially affect our financial performance. The nature of our revenue generation, including the size of transactions, the timing of transaction closings and the sectors in which those transactions occur, make our future performance difficult to predict and potentially highly variable. Revenues for many of the services we provide are earned only upon the successful completion of a transaction. Accordingly, revenues and net income in any period may not be indicative of full-year results or the results of any other period and may vary significantly from year-to-year and quarter-to-quarter depending on whether and when transactions are completed and the number, size and type of transactions completed. In particular, recent volatility in the capital markets may lead to disruptions that delay or eliminate revenue opportunities.
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Our results may be adversely affected in future periods by the volatility of financial instruments in our portfolio.
We may engage in large block trades in a single security or maintain large position concentrations in a single security or warrant, securities or warrants of a single issuer, or securities or warrants of issuers engaged in a specific industry. Any downward price movement in these securities or warrants could result in a reduction of our revenues and profits in the future.
Our corporate finance and strategic advisory engagements are singular in nature and do not generally provide for subsequent engagements.
Our investment banking engagements, whether for a financing, a merger or an acquisition transaction, are usually transaction specific as opposed to long-term engagements. As such, we must continually seek new engagements even from companies that have engaged us in the past. For this reason, we believe it is important to nurture strong relationships with our clients. Although we have been successful in securing repeat engagements from clients in the past, our ability to do so on a regular basis is by no means assured. As a result, high activity levels in any period are not necessarily indicative of continued high levels of activity in any subsequent period. If we are unable to generate a substantial number of new engagements that generate fees from new or existing clients, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
We depend on the services of a limited number of key executives and the loss of their services would have a material adverse effect on us.
We depend on the efforts and reputations of Michael Vasinkevich, our Vice Chairman, Edward Rubin, our Chief Executive Officer and President, and John J. Borer III, Head of Investment Banking. Their reputations and relationships with clients and potential clients are critical elements in expanding our business, and we believe our historical and future performance is strongly correlated to their involvement to date and their continued involvement in our operations. The loss or reduction of the services of any of Messrs. Vasinkevich, Rubin and/or Borer, due to death, disability, termination of employment or regulatory restriction, could have a material adverse effect on our operations, including our ability to attract new company clients and to raise capital from institutional investors.
We entered into employment agreements with each of Messrs. Vasinkevich, Rubin and Borer, which initially expire on February 28, 2010. Each employment agreement then renews automatically for an unlimited number of one-year periods until either party gives a 90-day non-renewal notice. If the executives employment terminates for any reason, he is subject to a covenant that prohibits him from competing with us for a period of one year from the date of termination. We cannot assure you that one or more of Messrs. Vasinkevich, Borer and Rubin will not resign, join a competitor or form a competing company or that the non-competition provisions in their employment agreements are enforceable.
The investment banking industry is highly competitive. If we fail to address the challenges posed by this competition, we could lose our leading position in these areas, causing our operating results to suffer.
The investment banking industry is intensely competitive, particularly in those areas in which we specialize (i.e., biotechnology and life science, metals/mining and energy, and PIPE and RD transactions), and we expect it to remain so for the foreseeable future. We have experienced intense price competition in our various businesses. Pricing and other competitive pressures in investment banking, including the trends toward multiple book runners, co-managers and multiple financial advisors handling transactions, could adversely affect our revenues, even as the size and number of our investment banking transactions may increase. Many of our competitors are larger, have greater financial and other resources and longer operating histories than we have, giving them a significant competitive advantage. We consider our principal competitors to include Canaccord Adams, Inc., Cowen Group, Inc, Jefferies Group, Inc., JMP Group, Inc, Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc., Lazard Ltd., Leerink Swann & Co., Merriman Curhan Ford Group, Inc., Oppenheimer & Co., Inc., Piper Jaffray Companies, Roth Capital Partners, LLC, and Thomas Weisel Partners Group, Inc. If we expand our business into new sectors and new business lines, we will face competition from other firms as well. We compete on the basis of a number of factors, including the scope and quality of services, price, market focus and industry knowledge, client relationships and reputation. Larger firms provide a broader range of investment banking services to their clients than we do. If we do
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not address these competitive factors successfully, we may not be able to execute our strategy or even maintain our existing market share. In either case, our operating results would suffer as would the price of our common stock.
We will likely face competition from larger investment banking firms. In order to compete with them, we may have to increase our operating expenses significantly and/or make larger commitments of capital in our trading and underwriting business. This increases the potential for capital loss, which could adversely impact our operating results.
We are a relatively small investment bank. Primarily because of the types of transactions in which we specialize and the relatively small size of those transactions, historically we have tried to avoid competing with larger investment banks. However, we expect this to change as we pursue investment banking opportunities with larger companies and engagements for larger transactions. Larger investment banks not only offer a broader range of products and services than we do, they also have significantly greater financial and marketing resources than we do, greater name recognition, more senior professionals to serve their clients needs, greater global reach and may have more established relationships with clients than we have. Thus, they are better able to respond to changes in the investment banking industry, compete for skilled professionals, finance acquisitions, fund internal growth and compete for market share. For example, many of our larger competitors have the ability to support investment banking with commercial banking, insurance and other financial services, which has resulted, and could further result, in pricing pressure in our businesses.
In addition, financial services firms have begun to make larger and more frequent commitments of capital in many of their activities. In order to win business, they are increasingly committing to purchase large blocks of stock from publicly traded issuers or significant stockholders, instead of the more traditional marketed underwriting process in which marketing is typically completed before an investment bank commits to purchase securities for resale. They are willing to provide debt financing out of internal funds, often giving them a significant competitive advantage. Because we do not have the resources to match these investment banking firms, we may be unable to compete as effectively for larger clients and larger transactions. In that case, we may not be able to execute that part of our strategy, which could have an adverse impact on our operations and financial condition.
Our ability to retain our senior professionals and recruit additional professionals is critical to our strategy and our failure to do so may adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our ability to obtain and successfully execute the transactions that generate a significant portion of our revenues depends upon the reputation, judgment, business generation capabilities and project execution skills of our senior professionals. The reputations of our senior professionals and their relationships with our clients are a critical element in obtaining and executing client engagements. Accordingly, retaining these particular employees is critical to our future success and growth. In addition, we may add investment bankers and other financial professionals. However, turnover in the investment banking industry is high and we encounter intense competition for qualified employees from other companies in the investment banking industry as well as from businesses outside the investment banking industry, such as hedge funds and private equity funds. We have experienced departures of investment banking and other professionals in the past and losses of key employees may occur in the future. As a result of such departures, we may not be able to retain valuable relationships and some of our clients could choose to use the services of a competitor instead of our services. We cannot assure you that our efforts to recruit and retain the required personnel will be successful as the market for qualified financial professionals is extremely competitive. Similarly, we cannot assure you that our compensation arrangements and non-competition and non-solicitation agreements with our key employees are broad or effective enough to deter or prevent employees from resigning, joining or forming competitors or soliciting our clients. Further, we cannot assure you that we could successfully enforce our rights under those agreements. If we are unable to retain our senior professionals and/or recruit additional professionals, our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.
Our compensation policy may adversely affect our ability to recruit, retain and motivate our senior managing directors and other key employees, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to compete effectively and to grow our business.
The target for our total compensation and benefits expense is currently 55% of total consolidated cash revenues. This target includes equity, equity-based incentives and other non-cash employee benefits. Our reliance
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on equity and equity-based incentives for a significant portion of the compensation package we pay to our senior executives may not be effective, especially if the market price of our common stock continues to decline, as it has over the last year. This compensation policy could adversely impact the overall compensation our key employees, including our senior executive officers and managing directors, may receive. Our senior executives and managing directors may receive less compensation under this formula than they otherwise would receive at other firms, which would make it more difficult for us to retain our key employees, including our senior executives and managing directors, and attract new key employees.
If we are unable to manage our growth successfully, we may not be able to sustain profitability. Continued growth may place significant demands on our operational, administrative and financial resources.
Our rapid growth has caused, and if it continues, will continue to cause, significant demands on our operational, administrative and financial infrastructure and increase our expenses. If we do not effectively manage our growth, the quality of our services could suffer, which would adversely affect our operating results and our reputation. If we continue to grow, we will have to hire, train and manage a larger work force and improve our financial and management controls and our reporting systems and procedures. These systems enhancements and improvements will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management resources. If the improvements are not implemented successfully, our ability to manage our growth will be impaired and we may incur significant additional expenditures to address these issues, further impairing our financial condition and profitability. We cannot assure you that we will be able to manage growth effectively and any failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to generate revenues and control expenses.
Our risk management policies and procedures may leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risks.
Our risk management strategies and techniques may not be fully effective in mitigating our risk exposure in all market environments or against all types of risk. We are exposed to the risk that third parties that owe us money, securities or other assets will not perform their obligations. These parties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure, and breach of contract or other reasons. We are also subject to the risk that our rights against third parties may not be enforceable in all circumstances, and, as a result, default risks may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect, foresee or reasonably guard against. In addition, concerns about, or a default by, one institution could lead to significant liquidity problems, losses or defaults by other institutions, which in turn could adversely affect us. If any of the variety of processes and strategies we utilize to manage our exposure to various types of risk are not effective, we may incur losses.
Our operations and infrastructure and those of the service providers upon which we rely may malfunction or fail.
We outsource various aspects of our technology infrastructure, including data centers, disaster recovery systems, and wide area networks, as well as some trading applications. We depend on our technology providers to manage and monitor those functions. A disruption of any of the outsourced services would be out of our control and could negatively impact our business. We have experienced disruptions on occasion, none of which has been material to our operations or results. However, we cannot assure you that future disruptions with these providers will not occur or that their impact would not be material.
We also face the risk of operational failure or termination of relations with any of the clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries we use to facilitate our securities transactions. Any such failure or termination could adversely affect our ability to effect transactions and to manage our exposure to risk.
In addition, our ability to conduct business may be adversely impacted by a disruption in the infrastructure, including electrical, communications, transportation and other services, that support our businesses and the area in which we are located. This may affect, among other things, our financial, accounting or other data processing systems. Nearly all of our employees work in close proximity to each other. Although we have a formal disaster recovery plan in place, if a disruption occurs and our employees are unable to communicate with or travel to other locations, our ability to service and interact with our clients may suffer, and we may not be able to implement contingency plans that depend on communication or travel.
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Our operations also rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have an adverse impact on their integrity and/or viability. If one or more of such events occur, this could jeopardize our or our clients or counterparties confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients, our counterparties or third parties operations. We may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures, to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures or to make required notifications, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured or not fully covered through any insurance that we maintain.
We may be required to make substantial payments under certain indemnification agreements.
In connection with our conversion from a limited liability company to a corporation, we entered into agreements that provide for us to indemnify our former members against certain tax liabilities relating to periods before we effected the exchange on July 10, 2007 (the Exchange). If we are required to make payments under these indemnification agreements, our financial condition could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Industry
Difficult market conditions can adversely affect our business in many ways, which could materially reduce our revenue or income.
Our business, operating results and financial condition has been materially and adversely affected by adverse conditions in the global financial markets and adverse economic conditions throughout the world since the third quarter of 2007. 2008 was particularly difficult, marked by the failure or near failure of a number of large and prestigious firms in the financial services industry. We expect that these conditions will persist well into 2009 and possibly beyond. We have no control over the political events and the global and local economic developments that influence market conditions and dynamics.
Our revenues are directly related to the volume and value of investment banking transactions in which we are involved. During periods of unfavorable market or economic conditions, the volume and size of these transactions decrease, thereby reducing the demand for our services and increasing price competition among financial services companies seeking those engagements. Our results of operations have been adversely affected by reductions in the volume and size of corporate finance transactions. Similarly, weakness in equity markets and diminished trading volume of securities have adversely impacted our sales and trading business. Finally, the general decline in the value of securities has adversely impacted our investment portfolio. Our profitability has also been adversely affected by our fixed costs and our inability to scale back other costs within a time frame sufficient to match any decreases in revenue relating to market and economic conditions.
Significantly expanded corporate governance and public disclosure requirements may result in fewer public offerings and discourage companies from engaging in capital market transactions, which may reduce the number of investment banking opportunities available for us to pursue.
Highly-publicized financial scandals in recent years have led to investor concerns over the integrity of the U.S. financial markets, and have prompted the U.S. Congress, the SEC, NYSE and NASDAQ to significantly expand corporate governance and public disclosure requirements. To the extent that private companies, in order to avoid becoming subject to these new requirements, decide to forego public offerings or elect to be listed on foreign markets, our underwriting business may be adversely affected. In addition, provisions of SOX and the corporate governance rules imposed by self-regulatory organizations and stock exchanges have diverted the attention of many companies away from capital market transactions, including securities offerings and acquisition and disposition transactions. In particular, companies that either are or are planning to become public companies are incurring significant expenses in complying with the SEC reporting requirements relating to internal controls over financial reporting, and companies that disclose material weaknesses in such controls under the new standards may have greater difficulty accessing the capital markets. These factors, in addition to adopted or proposed accounting and disclosure changes, may have an adverse effect on our business.
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Financial services firms have been subject to increased scrutiny over the last several years, increasing the risk of financial liability and reputational harm resulting from adverse regulatory actions.
The financial services industry has experienced increased scrutiny from a variety of regulators, including the SEC, the NYSE, NASDAQ, FINRA and state attorney generals. This regulatory and enforcement environment has created uncertainty with respect to a number of transactions that had historically been entered into by financial services firms and that were generally believed to be permissible and appropriate. We may be adversely affected by changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules by these governmental authorities and self-regulatory organizations. Each of the regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over us has regulatory powers dealing with many aspects of financial services, including, but not limited to, the authority to fine us and to grant, cancel, restrict or otherwise impose conditions on the right to carry on particular businesses. For example, a failure to comply with the obligations imposed by the Exchange Act on broker-dealers and the Investment Advisers Act on investment advisers, including record-keeping, advertising and operating requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities, or by the Investment Company Act of 1940, could result in investigations, sanctions and reputational damage. We also may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations imposed by the SEC, other U.S. or foreign governmental regulatory authorities, FINRA or other self-regulatory organizations that supervise the financial markets. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could have adverse financial effects on us or harm our reputation, which could harm our business prospects.
Financial services firms are subject to numerous conflicts of interests or perceived conflicts. The SEC and other federal and state regulators have increased their scrutiny of potential conflicts of interest. We have adopted, and regularly review and update, various policies, controls and procedures to address or limit actual or perceived conflicts. However, appropriately addressing conflicts of interest is complex and difficult and our reputation could be damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to appropriately address conflicts of interest. Our policies and procedures to address or limit actual or perceived conflicts may also result in increased costs and additional operational personnel. Failure to adhere to these policies and procedures may result in regulatory sanctions or litigation against us. For example, the research operations of investment banks have been and remain the subject of heightened regulatory scrutiny which has led to increased restrictions on the interaction between equity research analysts and investment banking professionals at securities firms. A number of securities firms in the United States reached a global settlement in 2003 and 2004 with certain federal and state securities regulators and self-regulatory organizations to resolve investigations into the alleged conflicts of interest of research analysts, which resulted in rules that have imposed additional costs and limitations on the conduct of our business.
PIPE transactions have been subject to intense regulatory scrutiny over the last few years. To the extent the investor interest is reduced as a result, our business will be adversely affected.
A significant factor in our growth to date has been our leading position as placement agent in PIPE transactions. These transactions usually can be accomplished in less time and at less cost than registered public offerings. Various regulatory and governmental agencies, including the SEC, have been reviewing PIPE transactions. Periodically, we receive requests for information from the SEC and other regulatory and governmental agencies regarding PIPEs in general or regarding specific transactions. In most cases, these communications include a request for copies of transaction documents. We always comply with these requests. If the SEC or any other regulatory agency promulgates regulations that make it more difficult or expensive to consummate PIPE transactions, investors and issuers may prefer other financing strategies, such as registered public offerings. Since underwriting registered public offerings has not historically been a significant source of revenue for us, any decline in the number of PIPE transactions could have a material adverse impact on our business, operations and financial condition, which may cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Our exposure to legal liability is significant, and damages and other costs that we may be required to pay in connection with litigation and regulatory inquiries, and the reputational harm that could result from legal action against us, could adversely affect our businesses.
We face significant legal risks in our businesses and, in recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings against financial institutions have been significant. These risks include potential liability under securities or other laws for materially false or misleading statements made in connection with securities offerings and other transactions, employment claims, potential liability for fairness
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opinions and other advice we provide to participants in strategic transactions and disputes over the terms and conditions of complex trading arrangements.
As an investment banking firm, we depend to a large extent on our reputation for integrity and professionalism to attract and retain clients. As a result, if a client is not satisfied with our services, it may be more damaging to our business than to other businesses. Moreover, our role as advisor to our clients on important underwriting or mergers and acquisitions transactions involves complex analysis and the exercise of professional judgment, including rendering fairness opinions in connection with mergers and acquisitions and other transactions. Therefore, our activities may subject us to the risk of significant legal liabilities to our clients and aggrieved third parties, including our clients stockholders who could bring securities class action suits against us. Our investment banking engagements typically include broad indemnities from our clients and provisions to limit our exposure to legal claims relating to our services. However, there can be no assurance that these provisions will protect us or be enforceable in all cases. As a result, we may incur significant legal and other expenses in defending against litigation and may be required to pay substantial damages for settlements and adverse judgments. Substantial legal liability or significant regulatory action against us could harm our results of operations or harm our reputation, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.
Employee misconduct, which is difficult to detect and deter, could harm us by impairing our ability to attract and retain clients and subjecting us to significant legal liability and reputational harm.
Over the past number of years, there have been a number of highly-publicized cases involving fraud or other misconduct by employees in the financial services industry, and there is a risk that our employees could engage in misconduct that adversely affects our business. For example, we often deal with confidential matters of great significance to our clients. If our employees were to improperly use or disclose confidential information provided by our clients, we could be subject to regulatory sanctions and suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial position, current client relationships and ability to attract future clients. The violation of these obligations and standards by any of our employees would adversely affect us and our clients. It is not always possible to deter employee misconduct, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in all cases. If our employees engage in misconduct, our business could be adversely affected.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
Historically, there has been a limited public market for our common stock. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common stock will ever develop or be sustained.
Since October 16, 2007, our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market, trading under the symbol RODM. Our stock is thinly traded. We cannot assure you that an established and liquid trading market for our stock will ever develop or continue if it does develop. Accordingly, investors should consider the potential lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of an investment in our common stock prior to investing.
The market price of our common stock may be volatile.
Since October 16, 2007, the day our stock commenced trading on the NASDAQ Global Market, through March 10, 2009, the closing sales price of our common stock has fluctuated from $6.25 to $0.19. This wide range could be attributable to a number of factors including one or more of the following:
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our financial condition or results of operations;
the success or failure of our operating strategies and our perceived prospects and those of the financial services industry in general;
realization of any of the risks described in this section;
failure to be covered by securities analysts or failure to meet the expectations of securities analysts;
a decline in the stock prices of peer companies; and
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a discount in the trading multiple of our common stock relative to that of common stock of certain of our peer companies due to perceived risks associated with our smaller size.
As a result, shares of our common stock may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid to acquire them. Furthermore, declines in the price of our common stock may adversely affect our ability to conduct future offerings or to recruit and retain key employees, including our managing directors and other key professional employees.
If we are unable to satisfy Nasdaqs Maintenance Requirements, including a bid price of not less than $1.00 that we are currently out of compliance with, our common stock may be delisted from Nasdaq, which could impair the liquidity and the value of our common stock.
While the shares of our common stock met current Nasdaq listing requirements when initially listed and are currently included on Nasdaq, there can be no assurance that we will meet the criteria for continued listing. Continued listing on Nasdaq generally requires that (i) we maintain at least $2,500,000 in stockholders equity, or $35,000,000 in market capitalization, or $500,000 in net income for either the last fiscal year, or two out of the last three fiscal years, (ii) the minimum bid price of our common stock be $1.00 per share, (iii) there be at least 500,000 shares in the public float valued at $1,000,000 or more, (iv) our common stock has at least two active market makers, and (v) our common stock be held by at least 300 holders. In December 2008, in response to market conditions, Nasdaq announced a moratorium on delisting proceedings against listed companies based solely on the failure to maintain compliance with the minimum $1.00 bid price requirement. This moratorium is in effect until April 20, 2009 and there is no assurance that Nasdaq will extend it. Our common stock is currently traded under $1.00, and if we are unable to satisfy Nasdaqs maintenance requirements, our securities may be delisted from The Nasdaq Global Market. In that event, trading, if any, in our common stock would be conducted in the over-the-counter market in the so-called pink sheets or the NASDs OTC Bulletin Board. Consequently, the liquidity of our securities could be impaired, not only in the number of securities which could be bought and sold, but also through delays in the timing of transactions, reduction in security analysts and new media coverage of us, and lower prices for our securities than might otherwise be obtained.
If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they downgrade us or our sector, the price of our common stock could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will depend in part on research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts. Furthermore, if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrades us or the industry in which we operate or the stock of any of our competitors, the price of our common stock will probably decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage altogether, we could lose visibility, which could also lead to a decline in the price of our common stock.
Provisions of our organizational documents may discourage an acquisition of us, which could adversely impact the price of our common stock.
Our organizational documents may contain provisions that will impede the removal of directors and may discourage a third party from making a proposal to acquire us. The Board of Directors may have the ability to take defensive measures that could impede or thwart a takeover such as, under certain circumstances, adopting a poison pill or causing us to issue preferred stock that has greater voting rights than our common stock. If a change of control or change in management that our stockholders might otherwise consider to be favorable is prevented or delayed, the market price of our common stock could decline.
We have no current plan to pay dividends on our common stock and investors may lose the entire amount of their investment.
We have no current plans to pay dividends on our common stock. Therefore, investors will not receive any funds absent a sale of their shares. We cannot assure investors of a positive return on their investment when they sell their shares nor can we assure that investors will not lose the entire amount of their investment.
We are controlled by a limited number of stockholders whose interests may differ from those of our other stockholders.
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As of February 28, 2009, our largest stockholder, Paul Revere, LLC (Revere), owns approximately 36% of our outstanding common stock. Revere is owned one-third by our Chief Executive Officer and President and two-thirds by a trust, the beneficiaries of which are the wife and children of our Vice Chairman. In addition, our other senior executive officers collectively own approximately 7% of our common stock. As a result, our public stockholders have limited influence over the election of directors, management, company policies or major corporate decisions that require the consent of stockholders owning a majority of our issued and outstanding shares of common stock, such as mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This could adversely impact the market value of our common stock.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 2. Properties
Our corporate headquarters are located in New York City on the 20th floor at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, where we sublease 40,300 square feet under a lease that expires in October 2013. In addition, we have offices in Houston, Texas, Boston, Massachusetts and Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We face significant legal risks in our businesses and, in recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings against investment banking firms have been increasing. These risks include potential liability under Federal securities and other laws in connection with securities offerings and other transactions, as well as advice and opinions we may provide concerning strategic transactions. In addition, like most investment banking firms, we could be the subject of claims made by current and former employees arising out of their employment or termination of employment with us. These claims often relate to dissatisfaction with an employees bonus or separation payment, or involve allegations that the employee was the subject of some form of discrimination, retaliation or other unlawful employment practice.
The following constitute our material pending legal proceedings as of the date of this report:
On or about October 18, 2006, we, as claimant, filed a statement of claim with FINRA against Matthew N. Murray (Murray), a former research analyst whom we terminated on March 2, 2006 for engaging in unprofessional conduct (Rodman & Renshaw, LLC v. Mathew N. Murray, FINRA Dispute Resolution Arbitration No. 0604643). The petition at that time asserted claims for defamation, tortious interference with business relations, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, breach of contract, and prima facie tort. In that proceeding, we seek compensatory damages against Murray of at least $10 million, plus punitive damages of at least $15.0 million, together with certain injunctive relief. The claims relate to wrongful activities allegedly undertaken by Murray.
On October 6, 2006, we and our senior officers filed an action (the SDNY Action) in the U.S. Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York (Rodman & Renshaw, LLC, John Borer, Edward Rubin, Michael Vasinkevich, and Wesley K. Clark v. Mathew N. Murray, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, 06 CV 8210 (WHP)), alleging various claims for trademark dilution, trademark infringement, cybersquatting, cyberpiracy, and false designation of origin as a result of various websites allegedly created by or at the instance of Murray using, among other things, the given names and surnames of certain of our principals and high ranking employees. The action, among other things, sought permanent injunctive relief restraining Murray from continuing the acts complained of, as well as compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of at least $10.0 million. On October 6, 2006, we and the other plaintiffs moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction seeking an order enjoining Murray from continuing to maintain the offending websites and directing that the sites be taken down and the domain names transferred to us and to the other plaintiffs. Murray signed an order on October 10, 2006, effectively agreeing to all of our demands, which document was so-ordered by the Court on October 11, 2006. On or about October 17, 2006, Murray filed an answer and counterclaims, which he amended on November
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14, 2006, for breach of contract, defamation, and declaratory relief, seeking at least $1.0 million each in compensatory damages and punitive damages in an amount to be determined at trial. Murray also alleges that he was promised an option to purchase two percent of Rodman for book value.
On or about November 17, 2006, the plaintiffs in the SDNY Action moved to sever and dismiss Murrays counterclaims and Murray moved to stay and preliminarily enjoin the FINRA proceeding or, in the alternative, to stay the SDNY Action. The court heard oral argument on the motions on December 21, 2006, and issued an order dated December 22, 2006, declining to stay the FINRA proceeding; declining to sever and dismiss Murrays counterclaims; and directing that the SDNY Action be stayed pending the full adjudication of the FINRA proceeding.
On April 9, 2007, the statement of claim in the FINRA proceeding was amended to include the claims first set forth in the complaint in the SDNY Action and to include the individual plaintiffs in the SDNY Action as additional claimants in the FINRA proceeding. On May 24, 2007, Murray filed a motion to dismiss the amended statement of claim, as well as an answer and three counterclaims. Two of the counterclaims seek damages for breach of contract of at least $1.0 million; the third counterclaim seeks damages for defamation of at least $1.0 million, plus additional, but unspecified, compensatory and punitive damages, plus expungement of the Form U-5 that we filed in connection with Murrays termination. Murray also seeks a declaration concerning his rights and our conduct in connection with the allegations in his answer and counterclaims and in connection with our right to adjudicate our claims in the arbitration. On August 2, 2007, claimants filed a reply to Murrays counterclaims, an opposition to Murrays motion to dismiss claimants amended statement of claim and a motion to dismiss two of Murrays counterclaims (the counterclaim seeking damages for breach of contract in connection with Murrays claim that he had been promised an option to purchase two percent of Rodman for book value and the counterclaim seeking damages for defamation) as well as his claims for declaratory relief. On or about August 31, 2007, Murray filed an opposition to claimants motion to dismiss his counterclaims and claims for declaratory relief, as well as a reply in further support of his motion to dismiss the amended statement of claim. On December 6, 2007, claimants filed a reply in further support of their motion to dismiss the second and third counterclaims asserted by Murray. On January 14, 2008, claimants filed a second amended statement of claim. On January 16, 2008, Murray filed an answer and motion to dismiss the second amended statement of claim. In December 2007 and January 2008, the Panel denied both parties motions to dismiss.
Trial hearings began in December 2008, and continued in January and March 2009 and are scheduled to continue in April and June, 2009.
Although we believe that claimants will prevail on their claims and that they have meritorious defenses to Murrays counterclaims, we are not in a position at this stage to predict or assess the likely outcome of these proceedings.
As a result of allegations by Mr. Murray that we terminated him in violation of NASD Rule 2711 (Rule 2711) and SEC Regulation AC (Reg AC) in retaliation for his desire to downgrade an issuer that he provided research coverage on, the Committee on Finance of the U.S. Senate (SFC) and the SEC commenced inquiries, the AG issued a subpoena and FINRA initiated an investigation.
The SFC, by letter dated May 25, 2006 from its former chairman, Senator Charles E. Grassley (Grassley), requested that our Chairman make himself available for an interview with Grassleys staff and respond to certain questions in connection with Murrays termination. By letter of the same date, Grassley, along with Senator Max Baucus, who was at that time the ranking member of the SFC, wrote to Christopher Cox, then chairman of the SEC, asking the SEC to conduct a comprehensive and thorough examination into our termination of Murray. Both the letter to us and the letter to Cox reference possible violations of Rule 2711 and Reg AC. We responded to the letter from Grassley and our Chairman voluntarily appeared for an interview by Grassleys staff in July 2006. The last written correspondence from Grassleys offices to us with respect to this matter occurred in September 2006. Neither former chairman Grassley nor the SFC has contacted us since that date, and the SFC has not, to our knowledge, issued any subpoena in connection with its inquiry.
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By letter dated March 27, 2006, the SEC advised us that it was undertaking an inquiry of us and it requested that we produce documents in connection with that inquiry. Although the letter from the SEC does not specifically reference either Rule 2711 or Reg AC, the documents they requested and our counsels conversation with the SEC staff indicated that the focus of the inquiry was Murrays allegations. We responded to the SEC inquiry and produced responsive documents to the SEC. In addition, we produced our chief compliance officer for an interview at the SEC.
By letter dated April 18, 2007, the SEC advised us that its inquiry had been terminated and that no enforcement action had been recommended.
On or about July 7, 2006, the AG served us with a subpoena containing a number of requests for information and documents concerning, among other things, the termination of Murray. The subpoena does not specifically reference either Rule 2711 or Reg AC. We produced documents and information responsive to the subpoena (including all of the documents that we also had previously provided to the SEC). To our knowledge, the AG has not interviewed any of our employees and we have not received any communication from the AG since the end of August 2006.
By letter dated April 10, 2006, FINRA advised us that it was reviewing matters related to the circumstances surrounding the termination of the former employee and requested that we produce documents in connection with that review. By letter dated April 11, 2006, FINRA withdrew its request, to avoid regulatory duplication, upon learning that the SEC was also reviewing the same events. However, in 2007 we received certain letters from FINRA requesting certain information, documentation and interviews. We produced all information and documentation requested, complied with the request for interviews and continue to cooperate fully with FINRAs investigation. We have not received any further communication from FINRA since December 2007.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
The information called for by this item is incorporated by reference to our disclosure in response to Part II, Item 4 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2008 filed with the SEC on November 13, 2008.
PART II
Item 5. Market Price of Registrants Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Through October 15, 2007, our common stock was listed on the OTC Bulletin Board and traded under the symbol RDRN.OB. Since October 16, 2007, our common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market and traded under the symbol RODM. The following table sets forth for the periods indicated the high and low sales prices per share for our common stock, as reported on NASDAQ. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, mark-down or commissions, and may not represent actual transactions.
Sales Closing Price | |||||
High | Low | ||||
Fiscal year 2008 | |||||
First Quarter | $ | 3.25 | $ | 1.57 | |
Second Quarter | 2.19 | 1.40 | |||
Third Quarter | 2.55 | 1.40 | |||
Fourth Quarter | 1.66 | 0.86 | |||
Fiscal year 2007 | |||||
First Quarter | 0.51 | 0.51 | |||
Second Quarter | 1.50 | 0.26 | |||
Third Quarter | 9.50 | 0.51 | |||
Fourth Quarter | 7.00 | 3.20 |
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As of February 28, 2009, we had approximately 315 stockholders of record.
RRCG has never declared or paid cash dividends on its common stock. RRCG currently intends to retain earnings to finance its ongoing operations and it does not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Future policy with respect to payment of dividends on the common stock will be determined by the Board of Directors based upon conditions then existing, including RRCGs earnings and financial condition, capital requirements and other relevant factors.
Information concerning RRCGs equity compensation plans required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K appears in Note 15 to RRCGs Consolidated Financial Statements and will be in Part III, Item 11 when filed.
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
In August 2008, the Company awarded an aggregate of 807,842 restricted stock units (RSUs) to 32 of its employees, including two executive officers. The majority of RSUs (i) were granted under the Companys 2007 Equity and Incentive Plan, (ii) cover a number of shares equal to the dollar amount of the grant divided by the fair market value of a share of common stock on the date of grant net of a discount for lack of marketability; (iii) vest over a three year period following the date of grant; and (iv) have a selling restriction for two years following the date of grant. In addition, in October 2008, the Company awarded an aggregate of 58,608 RSUs to the six independent members of our Board of Directors as part of their annual compensation.
These issuances of RSUs were made in reliance upon the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, provided by Section 4(2) thereof for transactions by an issuer not involving any public offering.
Use of Proceeds
On October 16, 2007 we sold 8,000,000 shares of common stock in an underwritten public offering pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-1, commission file number 333-144684, declared effective by the SEC on that date. The managing underwriter of the offering was Sandler ONeill + Partners, L.P. and the co-managers were Fox-Pitt Kelton Cochran Caronia Waller (USA) LLC and Paulson Investment Company, Inc. The public offering price per share was $5.00 and, after underwriting discounts, and other expenses of the offering, the net proceeds to us were approximately $36.3 million. As of December 31, 2008, all of the net proceeds have been used by the Company for working capital purposes, and for the acquisitions of COSCO and Miller Mathis.
STOCKHOLDER RETURN PERFORMANCE GRAPH
Set forth below is a line graph comparing the yearly percentage change in the cumulative total stockholder return on the Companys Common Stock, based on the market price of the Companys Common Stock with the total return of companies included within the Nasdaq Composite Stock Market Index and a peer group of companies engaged in the investment banking business (the Peer Industry Index) for the period commencing July 11, 2007 and ending December 31, 2008. The members of the Peer Industry Index are Cowen Group, Inc., Jefferies Group, Inc., JMP Group, Inc., Ladenburg Thalmann Financial Services, Inc., Merriman Curhan Ford Group, Inc. and Thomas Weisel Partners Group, Inc. The calculation of total cumulative return assumes a $100 investment in the Companys Common Stock, the Nasdaq Stock Market Index and the Peer Industry Index on July 11, 2007, the first day of trading of the Companys Common Stock after the Exchange, and the reinvestment of all dividends.
[The following is the data to be set forth in graph form]
7.11.07 | 12.31.07 | 12.31.08 | ||||
Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. | 100.00 | 59.09 | 15.64 | |||
Peer Industry Index | 100.00 | 80.19 | 41.67 | |||
NASDAQ Composite Stock Market Index | 100.00 | 100.02 | 59.47 |
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table summarizes our selected historical consolidated financial data for the periods and at the dates indicated. You should read this information in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this Form 10-K. We derived our selected historical consolidated financial data as of December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 and for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and for the nine months ended December 31, 2004, from our audited consolidated financial statements. We derived our selected historical consolidated financial data for the year ended March 31, 2004 from our unaudited consolidated financial statements which are not included in this report. The results of operations for certain businesses that the Company no longer owns are reported as discontinued operations.
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Years | Nine Months | Year | |||||||||||||||||
Ended | Ended | Ended | |||||||||||||||||
December 31 | December 31 | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2004 | ||||||||||||||
(Audited) | (Audited) | (Audited) | (Audited) | (Audited) | (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except earnings per share information) | |||||||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations | |||||||||||||||||||
Data: | |||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||
Investment banking(1) | $ | 52,473 | $ | 55,829 | $ | 43,081 | $ | 17,887 | $ | 16,669 | $ | 32,207 | |||||||
Principal transactions | (13,048 | ) | 3,872 | 10,809 | 7,357 | 827 | 5,580 | ||||||||||||
Commissions(2) | 6492 | 6,914 | 5,161 | 2,429 | 2,140 | 673 | |||||||||||||
Conference fees | 2,395 | 2,472 | 2,093 | 1,488 | 1,112 | - | |||||||||||||
Interest and other income(3) | 876 | 883 | 187 | 102 | 129 | 555 | |||||||||||||
Total Revenues | 49,188 | 69,970 | 61,331 | 29,273 | 20,877 | 39,015 | |||||||||||||
Operating Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and related benefits | 34,639 | 41,333 | 25,889 | 15,345 | 14,448 | 33,744 | |||||||||||||
Other employee benefits | 764 | 498 | 410 | 279 | 142 | 152 | |||||||||||||
Broker Dealer commissions | 304 | 197 | 587 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Conference fees | 6,223 | 5,903 | 4,748 | 3,673 | 2,957 | 876 | |||||||||||||
Professional fees | 6,276 | 4,731 | 6,181 | 1,492 | 1,026 | 765 | |||||||||||||
Business development | 2,926 | 3,006 | 1,880 | 765 | 410 | 356 | |||||||||||||
Communication and market research | 2,646 | 1,981 | 1,452 | 671 | 282 | 132 | |||||||||||||
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible | |||||||||||||||||||
assets | 21,719 | 376 | - | ||||||||||||||||
Other operating expenses | 8,646 | 3,871 | 3,124 | 2,144 | 1,819 | 1,173 | |||||||||||||
Total Operating Expenses | 84,143 | 61,896 | 44,271 | 24,369 | 20,584 | 37,198 | |||||||||||||
Operating (loss) income from continuing | |||||||||||||||||||
operations | (34,955 | ) | 8,074 | 17,060 | 4,904 | 293 | 1,817 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense | - | 3,772 | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations | |||||||||||||||||||
before income taxes | (34,955 | ) | 4,302 | 17,060 | 4,904 | 293 | 1,817 | ||||||||||||
Income taxes expense (benefit) | 2,482 | (440 | ) | 880 | 395 | 19 | 392 | ||||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations | (37,437 | ) | 4,742 | 16,180 | 4,509 | 274 | 1,425 | ||||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | 17 | 338 | - | - | - | |||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (37,437 | ) | $ | 4,759 | $ | 16,518 | $ | 4,509 | $ | 274 | $ | 1,425 | ||||||
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments, net of | |||||||||||||||||||
income taxes | - | (141 | ) | 1,002 | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for realized gains | |||||||||||||||||||
on investments | 141 | (1,002 | ) | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
Comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (37,296 | ) | $ | 3,616 | $ | 17,520 | $ | 4,509 | $ | 274 | $ | 1,425 | ||||||
Basic Income Per Share: | |||||||||||||||||||
From continuing operations | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.25 | ||||||||||
From discontinued operations | - | - | 0.02 | - | |||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.91 | $ | 0.25 | ||||||||||
Diluted Income Per Share: | |||||||||||||||||||
From continuing operations | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.88 | $ | 0.25 | ||||||||||
From discontinued operations | - | - | 0.02 | - | |||||||||||||||
Net income | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.90 | $ | 0.25 | ||||||||||
Weighted average number of shares | |||||||||||||||||||
outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 33,375,012 | 23,039,216 | 18,159,547 | 18,159,547 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 33,375,012 | 24,023,897 | 18,484,688 | 18,159,547 |
_________________
(1) |
Includes fees earned in connection with private placement and underwritten financing transactions and advisory fees earned in connection with mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and similar transactions. |
(2) |
Amounts paid by our investor clients from brokerage transactions in equity and other types of securities. |
(3) | Interest and dividend income. |
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
As of December 31, | |||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||
(Audited) | |||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 21,754 | $ | 54,834 | $ | 10,387 | $ | 1,946 | $ | 4,716 | |||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value | $ | 13,872 | $ | 9,011 | $ | 14,156 | $ | 2,460 | $ | 1,304 | |||||
Total assets | $ | 47,682 | $ | 71,872 | $ | 38,106 | $ | 9,682 | $ | 9,709 | |||||
Total liabilities | $ | 17,148 | $ | 11,104 | $ | 16,080 | $ | 1,378 | $ | 5,567 | |||||
Shareholders equity | $ | 30,535 | $ | 60,768 | $ | 22,026 | $ | 8,304 | $ | 4,142 |
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Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this report.
Overview
We are a full service investment bank dedicated to providing corporate finance, strategic advisory and related services to companies that have significant recurring capital needs due to their growth and development strategies. We also provide research and sales and trading services to institutional investors.
Our strategic goal is to become a leading full-service investment banking firm for companies with significant and recurring capital needs. Our primary vehicles for achieving this goal have been strategic acquisitions, new hires and joint ventures.
We are a leading investment banking firm to the biotechnology sector, a capital intensive market segment, as well as a leader in the PIPE and RD transaction markets.
Our activities as an investment banking firm constitute a single business segment, with the following principal sources of revenue:
investment banking fees, which are derived from corporate finance activities and strategic advisory services;
realized and unrealized gains with respect to securities held for our own account;
commissions on sales and trading activities;
conference fees; and
other miscellaneous sources of revenues, such as interest.
Although we have multiple sources of revenue, most of our revenue is derived from our investment banking services and consists of private placement, underwriting and strategic advisory fees earned upon the successful completion of financing or other types of corporate transactions, such as mergers, acquisitions and dispositions. We do not separately prepare reports or analyze financial data or operating results, such as operating expenses, profit and loss or assets, for our various operating units. For example, our sales and trading unit generates commission revenues and incurs various expenses specifically related to its activities, such as execution and clearing charges. Similarly, our conferences generate fees from attendees and presenters but also have expenses related to facility usage, food and beverage, and entertainment.
Business Environment
Market conditions and valuations for companies in the life science sector and other sectors in which we are active, as well as general market conditions, can materially affect our financial performance. Declining valuations in various sectors, notably the life science sector, unprecedented volatility and lack of liquidity in certain sectors of the capital markets, as well as a slowing of economic growth generally has led to declines in financing activity, smaller financing transactions, and a resulting decline in revenue from prior periods. It is not possible to predict whether, and to what degree, these conditions will continue, abate, or reverse, and the level of capital markets activity is expected to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. In addition, the nature of our revenue generation, including the size of transactions, the timing of transaction closings and the sectors in which those transactions occur, make future performance difficult to predict and potentially highly variable. Revenues for many of the services we provide are earned only upon the successful completion of a transaction. Accordingly, revenues and net income in any period may not be indicative of full-year results or the results of any other period and may vary significantly from
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year-to-year and quarter-to-quarter depending on whether and when transactions are completed and the number, size and type of transactions completed.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP, which require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes. Actual results can and will differ from estimates. These differences could be material to the financial statements.
We believe our application of accounting policies and the estimates required therein are reasonable. These accounting policies and estimates are constantly re-evaluated, and adjustments are made when facts and circumstances dictate a change. Historically, actual results have not differed materially from those determined using necessary estimates.
Our management believes that our critical accounting policies (policies that are both material to the financial condition and results of operations and require managements most difficult, subjective or complex judgments) are our valuation of financial instruments, valuation of goodwill and our use of estimates related to compensation and benefits during the year.
Valuation of Financial Instruments
Our financial instruments are recorded at fair value. The fair value of a financial instrument is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (the exit price). The use of fair value to measure financial instruments is fundamental to our financial statements and is our most critical accounting policy. Unrealized gains or losses are generally recognized in principal transactions in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Financial instruments are valued at quoted market prices, if available. For financial instruments that do not have readily determinable fair values through quoted market prices, the determination of fair value is based upon consideration of available information, including types of financial instruments, current financial information, restrictions on dispositions, fair values of underlying financial instruments and quotations for similar instruments.
We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) 157, Fair Value Measurements as of the beginning of 2008. See Notes 2 and 5 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on SFAS 157, including the impact of adoption.
Compensation and Benefits
The use of estimates is important in determining compensation and benefits expenses for interim and year end periods. A substantial portion of our compensation and benefits represents discretionary bonuses, which are finalized at mid-year and year end. In addition to the level of net revenues, our overall compensation expense in any given year is influenced by prevailing labor markets, revenue mix and our use of equity-based compensation programs. We believe the most appropriate way to allocate estimated annual discretionary bonuses among interim periods is in proportion to net revenues earned or expected with confidence. Consequently, we generally accrue interim compensation and benefits based on annual targeted compensation amounts and interim revenues received.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Impairment
At least annually, we are required to assess goodwill for impairment by comparing the estimated fair value of the reporting unit with its net book value. Periodically estimating the fair value of a reporting unit requires significant judgment and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant effect on whether an impairment charge is recorded and the magnitude of such a charge. We estimate the fair value of the reporting unit based on valuation methodologies we believe market participants would use, including the market value of the Companys common stock which we believe to be the most relevant indicator of value. A two-step test is used to determine whether goodwill is impaired. The first step is
29
to compare the carrying value of the Company with the fair value of the Company. If the carrying value of the Company exceeds the fair value of the Company, the second step is applied. The second step is to compare the carrying amount of the goodwill with the implied fair value of the goodwill as determined in accordance with SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill impairment is recognized if its carrying value exceeds its implied fair value. The determination of fair value includes considerations of projected cash flows, relevant trading multiples of comparable exchange listed corporations, and the trading price of our common shares. In light of market conditions, we performed an impairment test during the first quarter of 2008 which resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million, of which $ 0.3 million and $0.8 million are related to its TechBio, LLC and Techvest, LLC subsidiaries, respectively. In addition, we performed an impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2008. This impairment test resulted in recognition of an impairment charge of $16.8 million related to COSCO and Miller Mathis, representing the entire amount of goodwill related to these acquisitions..
Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 142, we review our finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of finite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable. In light of market conditions, we performed an impairment test of our intangible assets as of December 31, 2008, which resulted in the recognition of impairment charge of $3.8 million of intangible assets related to our acquisition of Miller Mathis on March 24, 2008, COSCO on June 2, 2008 and GCM Groups customer relationships on June 2, 2008.
Income Taxes
We compute our provision for income tax expense in accordance with the principles of FAS 109 and associated interpretaions and pronouncements.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
In accordance with FAS 109, at least quarterly we evaluate the realizability of the aforementioned deferred tax assets and liabilities and evaluate the need to record a valuation allowance. The evaluation includes weighing all the available positive and negative evidence in ascertaining whether it is more likely than not that its deferred tax assets will be realized. In the fourth quarter of 2008, we determined that it was not more likely than not that its deferred tax assets would be realized and accordingly we recorded a valuation allowance fully offsetting our net deferred tax assets and liabilities, reducing them to zero.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting of Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2006. We adopted FIN 48 effective with its 2007 year. Management on an ongoing basis, at least quarterly, evaluates our tax positions and ascertains whether those tax positions that may be uncertain require de-recognition or re-measurement. Management does not believe that the Company has any material uncertain tax position requiring de-recognition or measurement in accordance with the provisions of FIN 48.
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Results of Operations
2008 compared to 2007
The following table sets forth the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
For the Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||
% of total | % of total | |||||||||||||
Revenues: | Revenues | Revenues | ||||||||||||
Investment banking | $ | 52,473,187 | $ | 55,829,294 | ||||||||||
Principal transactions | (13,048,463 | ) | 3,872,162 | |||||||||||
Commissions | 6,491,981 | 6,913,476 | ||||||||||||
Conference fees | 2,395,375 | 2,472,013 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other income | 876,316 | 883,071 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 49,188,396 | 69,970,016 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 34,638,783 | 70.4 | % | 41,332,945 | 59.1 | % | ||||||||
Other employee benefits | 764,289 | 1.6 | % | 498,032 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Conference fees | 6,223,308 | 12.7 | % | 5,903,295 | 8.4 | % | ||||||||
Broker dealer commissions | 304,332 | 0.6 | % | 196,725 | 0.3 | % | ||||||||
Professional and consulting fees | 6,275,641 | 12.8 | % | 4,731,834 | 6.8 | % | ||||||||
Business development | 2,925,523 | 5.9 | % | 3,005,706 | 4.3 | % | ||||||||
Advertising | 809,311 | 1.6 | % | - | - | |||||||||
Communication and market research | 2,645,701 | 5.4 | % | 1,980,612 | 2.8 | % | ||||||||
Office supplies | 569,347 | 1.2 | % | 717,052 | 1.0 | % | ||||||||
Occupancy and equipment rentals | 2,910,129 | 5.9 | % | 1,085,393 | 1.6 | % | ||||||||
Clearance and execution charges | 424,590 | 0.9 | % | 504,789 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,384,115 | 4.8 | % | 604,868 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible | 375,717 | |||||||||||||
assets | 21,719,282 | 44.2 | % | 0.5 | % | |||||||||
Other | 1,548,586 | 3.1 | % | 959,307 | 1.4 | % | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 84,142,937 | 171.1 | % | 61,896,275 | 88.5 | % | ||||||||
Operating (loss) income | (34,954,541 | ) | (71.1 | %) | 8,073,741 | 11.5 | % | |||||||
Interest expenses | - | ( 3,771,570 | ) | |||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations | ||||||||||||||
before income taxes | (34,954,541 | ) | 4,302,171 | |||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) | (2,482,494 | ) | 440,066 | |||||||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing | ||||||||||||||
operations | (37,437,035 | ) | 4,742,237 | |||||||||||
(Loss) Income from discontinued | - | 16,596 | ||||||||||||
operations | ||||||||||||||
Net (loss) Income | $ | (37,437,035 | ) | $ | 4,758,833 |
Our operating (loss) income for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007 included the following non-cash expenses:
For the Year Ended | |||||
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||
Stock-based compensation | $ | 5,604,576 | $ | 2,541,193 | |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,384,115 | 604,868 | |||
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets | 21,719,282 | 375,717 | |||
Total | $ | 29,707,973 | $ | 3,521,778 |
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Revenues
We operate our business as a single segment. However, we derive revenues from two primary sources -investment banking and sales and trading.
Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $49.2 million, representing a decrease of 29.7% from $70.0 million for 2007. The decline was primarily attributable to a $16.9 million decrease in principal transactions revenues, as well as a $3.4 million decrease in investment banking revenues.
Investment Banking Revenue
Our investment banking revenue is derived from private placement and underwriting activities and strategic advisory services. The following table sets forth our revenue from our investment banking activities for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
Year Ended | |||||
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||
Revenue: | |||||
Private placement and underwriting | $ | 43,489,558 | $ | 50,002,583 | |
Financial advisory | 8,983,629 | 5,826,711 | |||
Total investment banking revenue | $ | 52,473,187 | $ | 55,829,294 |
Investment banking revenue was $52.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, which included $13.7 million related to warrants and notes received as compensation for activities as underwriter or placement agent at fair value, as compared to revenue of $55.8 million for 2007:
Private placement and underwriting revenue for the year was $43.5 million, including $13.7 million warrants and a note received, compared to $50.0 million for 2007. The decrease in private placements and underwriting revenue, excluding warrants received, was due to the general industry wide decrease in capital markets acitivty.
Strategic advisory fees for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $9.0 million, compared to $5.8 million for 2007. The increase in advisory fees is due to continued expansion beyond our PIPE practice into different verticals and product offerings.
Sales and Trading
Commissions - Commissions revenues decreased by $0.4 million, or 6.1%, to $6.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared with $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The difference is primarily attributable to a large customer facilitation transaction that occurred in the first quarter of 2007.
Principal Transactions
Principal Transactions - Principal transactions revenue decreased by $16.9 million to a $13.0 million loss for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared with revenue of $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The decrease was attributed to unprecedented market instability, lack of liquidity and issuer specific events.
Compensation
Compensation expense decreased $6.7 million, or 16.2%, while net revenues decreased 29.7% for the year ended December 31, 2008. The ratio of compensation to net revenues was approximately 70.4% for 2008 as compared to 59.1% for 2007. The decrease in compensation expense is attributed to: (1) a migration from a fixed compensation structure to a variable compensation structure starting in the second quarter of 2008 whereby certain
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bankers are subject to draws rather than fixed salaries; (2) limitations on the grant of sign-on and guaranteed payments not based on service and performance; and (3) reductions in the pay-outs on revenue.
Non-Compensation Expenses
Non-compensation expense was $49.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, versus $20.6 million for the prior year period, or 100.6% of net revenues for the 2008 period versus 29.4% of net revenues for 2007. Non-compensation expenses increased due to: (1) an impairment charge of $21.8 million related to goodwill and other intangible assets; (2) incremental public company costs including legal, accounting and auditing and other consulting fees; (3) recruiting expenses related to the hiring of senior level employees; (4) an increase in rental expenses due to expansion of our platform and headcount; and (5) an increase in amortization due to intangible assets purchased as part of our acquisitions during the first and second quarters of 2008.
Interest expense
There was no interest expense for 2008. Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $3.8 million, of which $3.0 million represents the unamortized portion of the debt discount and beneficial conversion feature on the debentures that was written off in connection with the Exchange, and $0.8 million reflects accrued interest on the debentures from March 1, 2007, the date of issuance, through July 10, 2007, the date that the Exchange was consummated.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, which equals an effective tax rate of 7.1% compared to an income tax benefit of $0.4 million for 2007, which equals an effective tax rate of 10.2% .
Included above in the effective tax rate and income tax expense amount for the year ended December 31, 2008 is: (1) $0.5 million in net tax expense related to adjustments to our prior year current taxes payable and deferred income tax assets as a result of completion of our income tax returns for the 2007 tax year and its analysis of its state and local income tax filing positions; and (2) a $15.5 million valuation allowance against our consolidated deferred tax asset due to uncertainty regarding its realization. Excluding the impact of these discrete items, our effective tax rate for 2008 would be 39.1% .
We do not have any material unrecognized tax benefits and have not recorded any material changes to the amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the year ended December 31, 2008.
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2007 compared to 2006
The following table sets forth the results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
For the Year Ended | ||||||||||||||
December 31, | ||||||||||||||
2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||||
% of total | % of total | |||||||||||||
Revenues: | Revenues | Revenues | ||||||||||||
Investment banking | $ | 55,829,294 | $ | 43,080,933 | ||||||||||
Principal transactions | 3,872,162 | 10,809,358 | ||||||||||||
Commissions | 6,913,476 | 5,160,576 | ||||||||||||
Conference fees | 2,472,013 | 2,092,591 | ||||||||||||
Interest and other income | 883,071 | 187,419 | ||||||||||||
Total revenues | 69,970,016 | 61,330,877 | ||||||||||||
Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 41,332,945 | 59.1 | % | 26,254,509 | 42.8 | % | ||||||||
Other employee benefits | 498,032 | 0.7 | % | 410,495 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Conference fees | 5,903,295 | 8.4 | % | 4,748,330 | 7.7 | % | ||||||||
Broker dealer commissions | 196,725 | 0.3 | % | 221,147 | 0.4 | % | ||||||||
Professional and consulting fees | 4,731,834 | 6.8 | % | 6,181,207 | 10.1 | % | ||||||||
Business development | 3,005,706 | 4.3 | % | 1,879,982 | 3.1 | % | ||||||||
Communication and market research | 1,980,612 | 2.8 | % | 1,451,894 | 2.4 | % | ||||||||
Office supplies | 717,052 | 1.0 | % | 577,195 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
Occupancy and equipment rentals | 1,085,393 | 1.6 | % | 827,964 | 1.3 | % | ||||||||
Clearance and execution charges | 504,789 | 0.7 | % | 417,943 | 0.7 | % | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 604,868 | 0.9 | % | 538,353 | 0.9 | % | ||||||||
Impairment of goodwill | 375,717 | 0.5 | % | - | 0.0 | % | ||||||||
Other | 959,307 | 1.4 | % | 762,172 | 1.2 | % | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 61,896,275 | 88.5 | % | 44,271,191 | 72.2 | % | ||||||||
Operating income | 8,073,741 | 11.5 | % | 17,059,686 | 27.8 | % | ||||||||
Interest expenses | ( 3,771,570 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | ||||||||||||||
before income taxes | 4,302,171 | 17,059,686 | ||||||||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) | 440,066 | (879,390 | ) | |||||||||||
Income from continuing operations | 4,742,237 | 16,180,296 | ||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued operations | 16,596 | 338,052 | ||||||||||||
Net income | $ | 4,758,833 | $ | 16,518,348 |
Our operating income for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 included the following non-cash expenses:
For the Year Ended | |||||
December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||
Stock-based compensation | $ | 2,541,193 | $ | 366,415 | |
Depreciation and amortization | 604,868 | 538,353 | |||
Impairment of goodwill | 375,717 | - | |||
Total | $ | 3,521,778 | $ | 904,768 |
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Revenues
We operate our business as a single segment. However, we derive revenues from two primary sources -investment banking and sales and trading.
Total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $70.0 million, representing an increase of 14.1% from $61.3 million for 2006. The increase was primarily due to a $12.7 million increase in investment banking revenues, partially offset by a $6.9 million, or a 64.2%, decrease in principal transactions revenues.
Investment Banking Revenue
Our investment banking revenue is derived from private placement and underwriting activities and strategic advisory services. The following table sets forth our revenue from our investment banking activities for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006:
Year Ended | |||||
December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||
Revenue: | |||||
Private placement and underwriting | $ | 50,002,583 | $ | 42,266,524 | |
Financial advisory | 5,826,711 | 814,409 | |||
Total investment banking revenue | $ | 55,829,294 | $ | 43,080,933 |
Investment banking revenue was $55.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, as compared to revenue of $43.1 million for 2006:
Private placement and underwriting revenue for 2007 was $50.0 million compared to $42.3 million for 2006. The increase in our private placement and underwriting revenues was primarily attributable to larger and more profitable financing transactions.
Strategic advisory fees for the year ended December 31, 2007 were $5.8 million, compared to $0.8 million for 2006. The increase in advisory fees is due to continued expansion beyond our core PIPE practice into different verticals and product offerings.
Sales and Trading
Commissions - Commissions revenues increased by $1.8 million, or 34.0%, to $6.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared with $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primary attributable to a large customer facilitation transaction that occurred in the first quarter of 2007 as well as an increase in the volume of shares traded for our customers, which, in turn, is attributable to a number of factors, including the overall strength of the capital markets in the first half of 2007, an increase in the number of traders and institutional sales personnel and increasing investor interest in our research products.
Principal Transactions
Principal Transactions - Principal transactions revenue decreased by $6.9 million to $3.9 million for the year ended year ended December 31, 2007 compared to $10.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decrease was primary attributable to a distribution of our beneficial interests in certain equity securities, which we held in 62 companies, to our former members.
Compensation
Compensation increased by $15.1 million, or 57.4%, while net revenues increased 14.1% for the year ended December 31, 2007. The ratio of compensation to net revenues was approximately 59.1% for 2007 as compared to 42.8% for 2006. The increase in compensation and benefits is mainly attributed to increase in personnel and related expenses.
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Non-Compensation Expenses
Non-compensation expense was $20.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, versus $18.0 million for the prior year period, or 29.4% of net revenues for both 2007 and 2006 periods. The key components of this increase, which corresponded to the expansion of our operations and related revenues, were conference expenses, which increased by $1.2 million, business development expenses, which increased by $1.1 million, and communication and market research expense, which increased by $0.5 million.
Interest expense
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $3.8 million, of which $3.0 represents the unamortized portion of the debt discount and beneficial conversion feature on the debentures that was written off in connection with the Exchange and $0.8 million reflects accrued interest on the debentures from March 1, 2007, the date of issuance, through July 10, 2007, the date of the Exchange. There was no interest expense for 2006.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Exchange, Rodman & Renshaw Holding, LLC (Holding) was a limited liability company filing Federal, NewYork State, and New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (UBT) returns. As an LLC, Holding was not subject to Federal or State income taxes. Rather, the members of Holding, Paul Revere and R&R Capital Group Inc., were taxed on Holdings federal and state taxable income. Accordingly, there was no provision or liability for Federal or State income taxes recorded in Holdings consolidated financial statements prior to the Exchange, except for the New York City UBT at the tax rate of 4%. For the short year that began on July 11, 2007 and ended December 31, 2007, we were subject to Federal, New York State, and New York City corporate income taxes, at an estimated 45% combined effective tax rate.
Income tax benefit was $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 comapared to income tax expense of $0.9 million for 2006.
In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2006. We adopted FIN 48 effective with its 2007 year. Management does not believe that the Company has any material uncertain tax position requiring recognition or measurement in accordance with the provisions of FIN 48. Accordingly, the adoption of FIN 48 did not have a material effect on our financial statements.
Discontinued operations
In October 2007, our management, in consultation with the Board of Directors, determined that our asset management operation, Rodman & Renshaw Opportunity Fund (RROF), as constituted, was not central to its strategic development. Accordingly, we terminated our asset management operation in the fourth quarter of 2007. Effective December 1, 2007, an unaffiliated entity was appointed sole general partner of the Partnership. We retained our limited partner rights and contributions (the Investment) but will not have any significant continuing involvement in, or cash flows from, the operations. Accordingly, the asset management operations are reported as discontinued in 2007 and 2006.
For the eleven months ended November 30, 2007, the asset management operations reported net income of $16,596 from discontinued operations. Effective December 1, 2007, we had no significant influence over RROFs operating and financial policies. Notwithstanding, the Investment is accounted for on the equity method of accounting in accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force Topic D-46 Accounting for Limited Partnership Investments (EITF D-46). As of December 31, 2008, the Investment in the Partnership was $122,547.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have historically satisfied our capital and liquidity requirements through cash generated internally from operations. In addition, in March 2007, we completed a $20.0 million private placement to accredited investors, and in October 2007 we completed a public offering which generated net proceeds of approximately $36.3 million.
At December 31, 2008, we had liquid assets, consisting of unrestricted cash, restricted cash, Level I assets, current private placement and other fees receivable and due from clearing broker, of $27.7 million. At December 31, 2007, we had liquid assets of $58.9 million.
The timing of bonus and retention compensation payments to our employees may significantly affect our cash position and liquidity from period-to-period. While our employees are generally paid salaries and draws on a semi-monthly basis during the year, bonus payments, which make up a significant portion of total compensation, are generally paid semi-annually, although in some cases annually. Bonus payments for the second half of the year are typically paid out after year end. For 2008, bonus payments of $2.7 million were paid in February 2009.
As a registered securities broker-dealer, we are subject to the net capital requirements of the uniform net capital requirement set forth in Rule 15c3-1 promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). SEC regulations also provide that equity capital may not be withdrawn or cash dividends paid if certain minimum net capital requirements are not met. At December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we had excess net capital of $8.1 million and $8.6 million, respectively. Regulatory net capital requirements may change based on investment and underwriting activities.
Because of the nature of settlement transactions in our investment banking and brokerage business, we regularly monitor our liquidity position, including our cash and net capital positions. In light of the uncertainty with respect to the timing of a market recovery and its potential impact on the timing of our receipt of anticipated funds from operating activities, we may explore capital raising alternatives.
The losses from our warrant portfolio have no effect on our cash position or on the regulatory capital position of the broker-dealer.
Cash Flows
For the year ended December 31, 2008, we had a net decrease in cash and cash equivalents of $36.5 million. Operating activities used cash of $11.1 million; investing activities used cash of $22.9 million; and financing activities used cash of $2.5 million. The primary components of cash used by operating activities were: (a) a net loss of $37.4 million; (b) an increase in other assets of $2.4 million; and (c) a $3.4 million increase in restricted cash, offset by: (i) impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets of $21.8 million; and (ii) share based compensation of $5.6 million. The primary components of cash used by investing activities were: (a) $4.5 million in connection with the acquisition of Miller Mathis; (b) $8.1 million in connection with the acquisition of COSCO; and (c) the $5.0 million purchase of GCM Group customer relationships. The primary components of cash used by financing activities were $1.0 million for purchasing of treasury stock and a $1.4 million distribution to our former members.
For the year ended December 31, 2007, we had a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $44.4 million. Operating activities provided cash of $5.5 million; investing activities provided cash of $0.7 million; and financing activities provided cash of $38.3 million. The primary components of cash provided by operating activities were: (a) net income of $4.8 million; (b) interest of $3.8 million; and (c) stock based compensation of $2.5 million, offset by: (i) operating activities of discontinued operations of $2.0 million; (ii) an increase in financial instruments owned, at fair value of $1.9 million; and (iii) deferred taxes of $1.1 million. The primary components of cash provided by investing activities were distributions from affiliates of $1.1 million, offset by acquisition of public shell subsidiaries of $0.5 million. The primary components of cash provided by financing activities were $36.3 million of public offering proceeds and $20.0 million of proceeds from issuance of senior convertible debentures and warrants, offset by a $18.9 million distribution to former members.
37
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we had a net increase in cash and cash equivalents of $8.4 million. Operating activities provided cash of $13.6 million; investing activities used cash of $0.8 million; and financing activities used cash of $4.4 million. The primary components of cash provided by operating activities were: (a) net income of $16.5 million; (b) an increase in accrued compensation payable of $6.5 million; and (c) an increase in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $2.0 million, offset by: (i) an increase in financial instruments owned, at fair value of $10.9 million; and (ii) an increase in private placements and other fees receivable of $1.9 million. The primary component of cash used in investing activities was purchase of property and equipment of $0.7 million. The primary component of cash used in financing was a $4.2 million distribution to former members.
Contractual Obligations
Our commitments and contingencies include: (i) real property leases; (ii) equipment leases; and (iii) the Aceras BioMedical joint venture agreement. Our principal offices are located at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York where we lease the entire 20th floor. The lease expires in October 2013.
The following table sets forth information relating to our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008:
Payments due by Period (Dollars in Thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||
2010- | 2012- | |||||||||||||||||
2009 | 2011 | 2013 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations | $ | 3,201 | $ | 6,268 | $ | 5,636 | $ | - | $ | 15,105 | ||||||||
Aceras BioMedical joint venture agreement | 4,500 | (1) | 12,050 | (2) | 12,050 | (2) | - | 28,600 | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 7,701 | $ | 18,318 | $ | 17,686 | $ | - | $ | 43,705 |
(1) |
Derived from 2009 Aceras BioMedical budget. |
|
(2) |
Pursuant to the Aceras BioMedical joint venture agreement, the timing of these expenditures may vary based upon investment timing considerations. |
|
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
An off-balance sheet arrangement is any contractual arrangement involving an unconsolidated entity under which a company has (a) made guarantees, (b) a retained or a contingent interest in transferred assets, (c) any obligation under certain derivative instruments or (d) any obligation under a material variable interest in an unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk, or credit risk support to the Company, or engages in leasing, hedging, or research and development services for the benefit of the Company.
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or unconsolidated special purpose entities.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market risk represents the risk of loss that may result from the change in value of a financial instrument due to fluctuations in its market price. Market risk is inherent in all financial instruments. Market risk may be exacerbated in times of trading illiquidity when market participants refrain from transacting in normal quantities and/or at normal bid-offer spreads. Our exposure to market risk is directly related to our role as a financial intermediary in customer trading and to our market-making and investment activities.
We trade in equity securities as an active participant in both listed and OTC equity markets. We maintain securities in inventory to facilitate our market-making activities and customer order flow. We may use a variety of risk management techniques and hedging strategies in the ordinary course of our trading business, including establishing position limits by product type and industry sector, closely monitoring inventory turnover, maintaining long and short positions in related securities, and using exchange-traded equity options and other derivative instruments. We do not use derivatives for speculative purposes.
38
In connection with our trading business, management also reviews reports appropriate to the risk profile of specific trading activities. Typically, market conditions are evaluated and transaction details and securities positions are reviewed. These activities seek to ensure that trading strategies are within acceptable risk tolerance parameters, particularly when we commit our own capital to facilitate client trading. Our accounting department is actively involved in ensuring the integrity and clarity of the daily profit and loss statements, to the extent that we maintain trading positions for a period longer than one day. Activities include price verification procedures, position reconciliation and review of transaction booking. We believe that these procedures, which stress timely communications between our traders and senior management, are important elements of the risk management process.
At December 31, 2008, $7.5 million, or 54% of $13.9 million of financial instruments owned, at fair value, represented investments in warrants received in conjunction with our investment banking activities. $1.9 million, or 14% of financial instruments owned is related to a promissory note received in conjunction with our investment banking activities. The remaining 32% of the financial instruments owned represents listed equity securities, restricted securities and investments in affiliates at fair value.
The primary quantifiable market risk associated with our warrants portfolio and promissory note is sensitivy to changes in interest rates. Interest rate risk represents the potential loss from adverse changes in market interest rates. The risk management strategies that we employ use various risk sensitivity metrics to measure such risk and to examine behavior under significant adverse market conditions. Based on our analysis, as of December 31, 2008, the effect of of a 100+/- basis point change in interest rates on the value of our warrant portfolio and promissory note and the resultant effect on our operating income are considerd immaterial.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
The information in response to this item is contained elsewhere in this Report beginning on Page F-1.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Effective on August 14, 2008, we dismissed Marcum & Kliegman LLP (Marcum & Kleigman) from serving as our independent accountants and engaged KPMG LLP as our new independent accountants. Our Audit Committee unanimously approved and authorized the change, directed the process of review of candidate firms to replace Marcum & Kleigman and made the final decision to engage KPMG LLP. There were no disagreements, adverse opinions or disclaimer of opinion by Marcum & Kleigman at the time of the change or during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008.
Item 9A(T). Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act) Rules 13a-15(e) and 15-d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Report (the Evaluation Date). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SECs rules and forms and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
(b) Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
39
with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Management evaluated our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control Integrated Framework. As a result of this assessment and based on the criteria in this framework, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2008, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of our registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by our registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the SEC that permit us to provide only management's report in this Report.
(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Information with respect to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Information with respect to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Information with respect to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Information with respect to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
Information with respect to this item will be contained in the Proxy Statement for our 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is incorporated herein by reference.
40
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Report:
1. Financial Statements. The following financial statements and the report of RRCGs independent auditor thereon, are filed herewith.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2008 and 2007
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
2. Financial Statement Schedules.
None
41
3. Exhibits Incorporated by Reference or Filed with this Report.
Exhibit | |||
Number | Description | ||
3.1 | (a) | Certificate of Incorporation(1) | |
3.1 | (b) | Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation(2) | |
3.2 | Bylaws(1) | ||
4.1 | Specimen stock certificate(2) | ||
4.2 | Form of Enthrust Common Stock Purchase Warrant(3) | ||
4.3 | Registration Rights Agreement dated July 10, 2007(3) | ||
10.1 | ** | 2007 Amended and Restated Stock and Incentive Plan(*) | |
10.2 | ** | Michael Vasinkevich Employment Agreement, as amended(3) | |
10.3 | ** | John J. Borer III Employment Agreement, as amended(3) | |
10.4 | ** | Edward Rubin Employment Agreement, as amended(3) | |
10.5 | ** | Amended and Restated Wesley Clark Employment Agreement(3) | |
10.6 | Form of Tax Indemnification Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2007(3) | ||
10.7 | Form of Indemnification Agreement, dated as of July 10, 2007(3) | ||
10.8 | ** | Michael Lacovara Employment Agreement(2) | |
10.9 | ** | Executive Bonus Plan(2) | |
10.10 | ** | David Horin Employment Agreement(4) | |
10.11 | Asset Purchase Agreement, dated May 9, 2008, between COSCO Capital Management LLC and its related companies and Company(5) | ||
10.12 | ** | Separation Agreement, dated February 9, 2009, between Michael Lacovara and the Company(6) | |
21.1 | Subsidiaries* | ||
23.1 | Consent of KPMG LLP* | ||
23.2 | Consent of Marcum & Kliegman LLP* | ||
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* | ||
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* | ||
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* | ||
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002* |
_________________
* | Filed herewith. |
** | This exhibit is a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement. |
(1) | Filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 22, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference. |
(2) | Filed as an exhibit to Amendment #1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 (SEC No. 333-144684) on September 20, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference. |
(3) | Filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated July 11, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference. |
(4) | Filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 18, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference. |
(5) | Filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 5, 2008 and incorporated herein by reference. |
(6) | Filed as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 9, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference. |
42
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. | ||
By: | /s/ EDWARD RUBIN | |
Edward Rubin Chief Executive Officer | ||
(principal executive officer) |
Date: March 11, 2009
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. and in the capacities indicated on this 11th day of March, 2009.
Chief Executive Officer, President and | ||
/s/ EDWARD RUBIN | Director | |
Edward Rubin | (principal executive officer) | |
/s/ DAVID HORIN | Chief Financial Officer | |
David Horin | (principal financial and accounting officer) | |
/s/ WESLEY K. CLARK | Chairman and Director | |
Wesley K. Clark | ||
/s/ MICHAEL VASINKEVICH | Vice Chairman and Director | |
Michael Vasinkevich | ||
/s/ JOHN J. BORER III | Senior Managing Director, Head of | |
John J. Borer III | Investment Banking and Director | |
/s/ SAM DRYDEN | Director | |
Sam Dryden | ||
/s/ RICHARD M. COHEN | Director | |
Richard M. Cohen | ||
/s/ WINSTON CHURCHILL | Director | |
Winston Churchill |
43
/s/ MARK L. FRIEDMAN | Director | |
Mark L. Friedman | ||
/s/ MARVIN I. HAAS | Director | |
Marvin I. Haas | ||
/s/ PETER F. DRAKE | Director | |
Peter F. Drake |
44
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. | |
INDEX TO AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | |
Page | |
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms | F-2 F-3 |
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 | F-4 |
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, | |
2008, 2007 and 2006 | F-5 |
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders Equity for the years ended December 31, 2008, | |
2007 and 2006 | F-6 |
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 | F-7 |
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | F-8 |
F-1
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition of Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2008 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2008. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements based on our audit. The accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the two years ended December 31, 2007, were audited by the Companys predecessor auditor whose report, dated March 14, 2008, was unqualified.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall consolidated financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2008 the Company changed its method of accounting for fair value measurements.
/s/KPMG LLP
New York, New York
March 11, 2009
F-2
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Audit Committee of the
Board of Directors and Shareholders
Of Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial condition of Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2007, and the related consolidated statement of operations, changes in stockholders equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc., as of December 31, 2007, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, and 2006, in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles.
Marcum & Kliegman, LLP
New York, New York
March 14, 2008
F-3
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES | |||||||
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007 | |||||||
December 31, | December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Assets | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | |||||||
Unrestricted | $ | 18,383,224 | $ | 54,834,189 | |||
Restricted | 3,371,108 | - | |||||
Total cash and cash equivalents | 21,754,332 | 54,834,189 | |||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value | 13,872,184 | 9,011,405 | |||||
Private placement and other fees receivable | 1,974,571 | 967,473 | |||||
Due from clearing broker | 2,713,594 | 1,888,854 | |||||
Prepaid expenses | 439,377 | 688,550 | |||||
Deferred tax assets | - | 2,258,301 | |||||
Premises and equipment, net | 1,389,705 | 913,645 | |||||
Other assets | 2,632,256 | 244,790 | |||||
Goodwill and intangible assets | 2,906,436 | 1,065,000 | |||||
Total Assets | $ | 47,682,455 | $ | 71,872,207 | |||
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity | |||||||
Accrued compensation payable | $ | 4,882,422 | $ | 6,140,839 | |||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 5,556,374 | 2,929,072 | |||||
Acquisitons related payables | 4,950,000 | - | |||||
Conference deposits | - | 15,443 | |||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | 1,360,767 | 147,663 | |||||
Distributions payable | - | 1,440,000 | |||||
Due to affiliate, net | 398,169 | 382,963 | |||||
Income tax payable | - | 48,067 | |||||
Total Liabilities | 17,147,732 | 11,104,047 | |||||
Commitments and contingencies (See note 11) | |||||||
Stockholders Equity | |||||||
Common stock, $0.001, par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; | |||||||
35,044,670 and 33,750,000 issued and outstanding as of | |||||||
December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively | 35,045 | 33,750 | |||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 1,000,000 authorized; none issued | - | - | |||||
Additional paid-in capital | 70,441,027 | 62,345,072 | |||||
Treasury stock, 534,500 shares | (1,034,409 | ) | - | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | - | (140,757 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit | (38,906,940 | ) | (1,469,905 | ) | |||
Total Stockholders Equity | 30,534,723 | 60,768,160 | |||||
Total Liabilities and Stockholders Equity | $ | 47,682,455 | $ | 71,872,207 | |||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |
F-4
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
For the Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||
Investment banking | $ | 52,473,187 | $ | 55,829,294 | $ | 43,080,933 | |||||
Principal transactions | (13,048,463 | ) | 3,872,162 | 10,809,358 | |||||||
Commissions | 6,491,981 | 6,913,476 | 5,160,576 | ||||||||
Conference fees | 2,395,375 | 2,472,013 | 2,092,591 | ||||||||
Interest and other income | 876,316 | 883,071 | 187,419 | ||||||||
Total revenues | 49,188,396 | 69,970,016 | 61,330,877 | ||||||||
Operating expenses: | |||||||||||
Compensation and benefits | 34,638,783 | 41,332,945 | 26,254,509 | ||||||||
Other employee benefits | 764,289 | 498,032 | 410,495 | ||||||||
Conference fees | 6,223,308 | 5,903,295 | 4,748,330 | ||||||||
Broker dealer commissions | 304,332 | 196,725 | 221,147 | ||||||||
Professional and consulting fees | 6,275,641 | 4,731,834 | 6,181,207 | ||||||||
Business development | 2,925,523 | 3,005,706 | 1,879,982 | ||||||||
Advertising | 809,311 | - | - | ||||||||
Communication and market research | 2,645,701 | 1,980,612 | 1,451,894 | ||||||||
Office supplies | 569,347 | 717,052 | 577,195 | ||||||||
Occupancy and equipment rentals | 2,910,129 | 1,085,393 | 827,964 | ||||||||
Clearance and execution charges | 424,590 | 504,789 | 417,943 | ||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,384,115 | 604,868 | 538,353 | ||||||||
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets | 21,719,282 | 375,717 | - | ||||||||
Other | 1,548,586 | 959,307 | 762,172 | ||||||||
Total operating expenses | 84,142,937 | 61,896,275 | 44,271,191 | ||||||||
Operating (loss) income | (34,954,541 | ) | 8,073,741 | 17,059,686 | |||||||
Interest expenses | - | ( 3,771,570 | ) | - | |||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations before income taxes | (34,954,541 | ) | 4,302,171 | 17,059,686 | |||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit | (2,482,494 | ) | 440,066 | (879,390 | ) | ||||||
(Loss) Income from continuing operations | (37,437,035 | ) | 4,742,237 | 16,180,296 | |||||||
income from discontinued operations | - | 16,596 | 338,052 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (37,437,035 | ) | $ | 4,758,833 | $ | 16,518,348 | ||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
Basic | 33,375,012 | 23,039,216 | 18,159,547 | ||||||||
Diluted | 33,375,012 | 24,023,897 | 18,484,688 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income per share basic | |||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.89 | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | - | 0.02 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.21 | $ | 0.91 | ||||
Net (loss) income per share diluted | |||||||||||
(Loss) income from continuing operations | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.88 | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | - | 0.02 | ||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (1.12 | ) | $ | 0.20 | $ | 0.90 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |
F-5
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders Equity and Comprehensive Income for the Years
Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
For the Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Common stock: | |||||||||||
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | 33,750 | $ | 18,159 | $ | 18,159 | |||||
Issuance of common stock | 2,950 | 15,591 | - | ||||||||
Conversion of common stock to RSUs | (1,655 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 35,045 | $ | 33,750 | $ | 18,159 | |||||
Additional paid-in-capital: | |||||||||||
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | 62,345,072 | $ | 348,256 | $ | (18,159 | ) | ||||
Issuance of warrants | - | 1,134,615 | - | ||||||||
Beneficial conversion features of debentures | - | 1,134,657 | - | ||||||||
Stock based compensation | 5,604,576 | 2,541,193 | 366,415 | ||||||||
Contribution of tax benefit to the corporation by the LLC members | - | 2,075,316 | - | ||||||||
Accumulated deficit at the time of the exchange | - | (3,611,775 | ) | - | |||||||
Stock issued for conversion of debentures | - | 20,426,288 | - | ||||||||
Stock issued for investment in RRCG | - | 2,034,466 | - | ||||||||
Conversion of common stock to RSUs | 1,655 | - | - | ||||||||
Additional paid-in-capital | 2,491,261 | - | - | ||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock | (1,470 | ) | (750 | ) | - | ||||||
Issuance of common stock | (67 | ) | 36,262,806 | - | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | 70,441,027 | $ | 62,345,072 | $ | 348,256 | |||||
(Deficit) retained earnings: | |||||||||||
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | (1,469,905 | ) | $ | 20,657,744 | $ | 8,304,396 | ||||
Accumulated deficit at the time of the exchange | - | 3,611,424 | - | ||||||||
Distributions | - | (30,497,906 | ) | (4,165,000 | ) | ||||||
Net (loss) income | (37,437,035 | ) | 4,758,833 | 16,518,438 | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | (38,906,940 | ) | $ | (1,469,905 | ) | $ | 20,657,744 | |||
Treasury stock, at cost: | |||||||||||
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||||
Purchases | (1,034,409 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | (1,034,409 | ) | $ | - | $ | - | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income: | |||||||||||
Balance, beginning of the period | $ | (140,757 | ) | $ | 1,001,664 | $ | - | ||||
Reclassification adjustment for unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 140,757 | (1,001,664 | ) | - | |||||||
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of income tax | - | (140,757 | ) | 1,001,664 | |||||||
Balance, end of period | $ | - | $ | (140,757 | ) | $ | 1,001,664 | ||||
Total Shareholders Equity | $ | 30,534,723 | $ | 60,768,160 | $ | 22,025,823 | |||||
Comprehensive Income: | |||||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (37,437,035 | ) | $ | 4,758,833 | $ | 16,518,348 | ||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 140,757 | (1,142,421 | ) | 1,001,664 | |||||||
Total comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (37,296,278 | ) | $ | 3,616,412 | $ | 17,520,102 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |
F-6
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006
For the Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | |||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | (37,437,035 | ) | $ | 4,758,833 | $ | 16,518,348 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by | |||||||||||
operating activities: | |||||||||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | (16,596 | ) | (338,052 | ) | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 2,384,115 | 604,868 | 538,353 | ||||||||
Restricted cash | (3,371,108 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Stock based compensation | 5,604,576 | 2,541,193 | 366,415 | ||||||||
Realized gain on available for sale investments | 140,757 | (1,001,664 | ) | - | |||||||
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets | 21,719,282 | 375,717 | - | ||||||||
Interest (amortization of debt discount and deferred financing costs) | - | 3,771,570 | - | ||||||||
Deferred taxes, net | 2,258,301 | (1,079,353 | ) | 302,414 | |||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value | (710,456 | ) | (1,941,291 | ) | (10,927,559 | ) | |||||
Private placement and other fees receivable | (1,007,098 | ) | 1,532,743 | (1,914,252 | ) | ||||||
Due from clearing broker | (824,740 | ) | (764,710 | ) | (619,104 | ) | |||||
Prepaid expenses | 249,173 | (457,706 | ) | 686,955 | |||||||
Other assets | (2,387,466 | ) | (4,376 | ) | 65,063 | ||||||
Financial instruments sold not yet purchased, at fair value | 1,213,104 | 147,663 | (2,538 | ) | |||||||
Accrued compensation payable | (1,258,417 | ) | (723,962 | ) | 6,459,546 | ||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 2,424,801 | 384,929 | 1,966,800 | ||||||||
Due to affiliate, net | 15,206 | - | - | ||||||||
Income taxes payable | (48,067 | ) | (388,171 | ) | 413,732 | ||||||
Conferences deposits | (15,443 | ) | (207,148 | ) | (138,817 | ) | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing operating activities | (11,050,515 | ) | 7,532,539 | 13,377,304 | |||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities of discontinued operations | - | (2,011,761 | ) | 187,877 | |||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (11,050,515 | ) | 5,520,778 | 13,565,181 | |||||||
Cash flows from investing activities | |||||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment | (1,183,024 | ) | (192,632 | ) | (711,486 | ) | |||||
Acquisition of Miller & Mathis LLC | (4,508,065 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Purchases of trademark | (7,585 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Acquisition of COSCO Capital Management LLC | (8,077,044 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Purchase of customer relationship intangible asset | (5,000,000 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Investments | (4,150,323 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Acquisitions of public shell companies | - | (463,748 | ) | (60,000 | ) | ||||||
Investment in RRCG | - | 159,815 | |||||||||
Distributions from affiliate | - | 1,148,646 | - | ||||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities | (22,926,041 | ) | 652,081 | (771,486 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities | |||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of senior convertible debentures and warrants | - | 20,000,000 | - | ||||||||
Public offering of common stock, net of expenses | - | 36,270,806 | - | ||||||||
Deferred financing costs | - | (1,070,040 | ) | - | |||||||
Purchase of treasury stock | (1,034,409 | ) | - | - | |||||||
Distributions to members | (1,440,000 | ) | (18,923,979 | ) | (4,165,000 | ) | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by continuing financing activities | (2,474,409 | ) | 36,276,787 | (4,165,000 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities of discontinued operations | - | 1,997,675 | (187.877 | ) | |||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (2,474,409 | ) | 38,274,462 | (4,352,877 | ) | ||||||
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (36,450,965 | ) | 44,447,321 | 8,440,818 | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents beginning of period | 54,834,189 | 10,386,868 | 1,946,050 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents end of period | $ | 18,383,224 | $ | 54,834,189 | $ | 10,386,868 | |||||
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information | |||||||||||
Income taxes paid | $ | 244,456 | $ | 1,040,947 | $ | 220,106 | |||||
Non-cash investing and financing activities | |||||||||||
Distribution of beneficial interest in securities | $ | - | $ | 10,133,927 | $ | - | |||||
Accrued liabilities related to the acquisitions of Miller Mathis and COSCO | 5,152,501 | - | - | ||||||||
Additional paid-in-capital related to acquisition of COSCO | 2,491,261 | - | - | ||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock to former equity holders of COSCO | 1,413 | - | - | ||||||||
Estimated distribution with respect to pre-exchange members income taxes | - | 1,440,000 | - | ||||||||
Conversion of common stock to RSUs | 1,655 | - | - | ||||||||
Conversion of senior convertible debentures and accrued interest | - | 20,432,258 | - | ||||||||
Contribution of income taxes benefit to the corporation from the LLC members | - | 2,075,316 | - | ||||||||
Issuance of restricted stock to employees | 1,537 | 3,750,000 | - | ||||||||
Conversion of preferred stock into common stock | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 25,447 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |
F-7
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 - Organization, Nature of Operations and Basis of Presentation
General
Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. (RRCG) is a Delaware holding company which, through its various subsidiaries, is engaged in the investment banking business. The Companys principal operating subsidiary is Rodman & Renshaw, LLC (R&R), a Delaware limited liability company formed on June 20, 2002. R&R is registered with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA). RRCG and its subsidiaries, including R&R, are collectively referred to herein as the Company.
On July 10, 2007 Rodman & Renshaw Holding, LLC (Holding), consummated a reverse acquisition through an exchange transaction with its subsidiary, Enthrust Financial Services, Inc. (Enthrust), which was a non-operating public shell company. For accounting purposes, Holding is treated as the continuing reporting entity and the acquisition has been treated as a recapitalization of Enthrust with Holding as the acquirer. On August 31, 2007, Enthrust changed its name to Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. The historical financial statements of the Company prior to July 10, 2007 are those of Holding.
Exchange Transaction
On July 10, 2007 (the Exchange Date), pursuant to an Exchange Agreement dated as of July 10, 2007 (the Exchange Agreement), the beneficial owners of the outstanding debt and equity securities of Holding consummated a reorganization transaction (the Exchange) with Enthrust. As a result of the Exchange, the beneficial owners of Holdings debt and equity securities became stockholders of Enthrust. Prior to the Exchange, Enthrust was not engaged in any trade or business and its common stock was listed on the OTC Bulletin Board. In addition, prior to the Exchange, Holding owned 80% of Enthrust indirectly through a subsidiary.
The Exchange consisted of the following: (i) Paul Revere, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Revere), contributed its 70% membership interest in Holding to Enthrust in exchange for 12,711,683 shares of Enthrusts common stock, par value $.001 per share (the Common Stock); (ii) the stockholders of R&R Capital Group, Inc. (R&R Capital), which owned 30.0% of Holding and 25.5% of RRPR, LLC (RRPR), a Delaware limited partnership, contributed all of their RRCG shares to Enthrust in exchange for 5,967,591 (including 519,727 shares attributable to the 25.5% interest in RRPR) shares of Common Stock; (iii) the holders of the senior convertible debentures (Debentures) and the warrants (Warrants) (see Note 10) issued by Holding contributed those securities to Enthrust in exchange for 5,970,099 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase 1,355,600 shares of Common Stock at $7.00 per share; and (iv) options held by Holding employees to purchase up to 2,848,370 shares of Holdings shares at prices ranging from $0.409 per share to $8.24 per share were exchanged for options to acquire up to 5,278,071 shares of Common Stock at prices ranging from $0.22 to $4.45 per share. In contemplation of the Exchange, on July 9, 2007, two Enthrust stockholders contributed 250,715 and 42,143 shares of Common Stock, respectively, to the capital of Enthrust. In addition, immediately after the Exchange, the 1,707,144 shares of Common Stock held indirectly by Holding were cancelled. These 2,000,002 shares were retired and returned to the status of authorized but unissued shares. As a result, after the Exchange, the former beneficial owners of Holdings debt and equity securities owned 98.6% of Enthrusts issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock.
F-8
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
On the Exchange Date: (i) Enthusts president and chief financial officer resigned; (ii) Enthrusts sole director appointed Holdings president as a director of Enthrust; (iii) the two Enthrust directors appointed the officers of Holding as the officers of Enthrust; (iv) the two Enthrust directors appointed the other directors of Holding to be the directors of Enthrust, effective as of the tenth day following the date on which Enthrust mailed an Information Statement pursuant to Rule 14f-1 promulgated under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), to its stockholders; and (v) the original director of Enthrust resigned effective as of the date the directors of Holding became the directors of Enthrust. The Rule 14f-1 Information Statement was mailed on July 12, 2007 and the Holding directors became directors of Enthrust on July 23, 2007.
Given that immediately after the Exchange: (i) the former holders of Holdings debt and equity securities owned 98.6% of the Companys issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock; (ii) the officers of Holding became the officers of the Company; (iii) the directors of Holding became the directors of the Company; (iv) the Company changed its name to Rodman & Renshaw Capital Group, Inc. to reflect the corporate identity of the Company; and (v) Enthrust was not engaged in any trade or business prior to the Exchange so that after the Exchange its only business is the business that had previously been conducted by Holdings; for accounting purposes: (a) Holding was treated as the acquirer; (b) the historical financial statements of Holding became the Companys historical financial statements; and (c) the Exchange was accounted for as a reverse acquisition and recapitalization of the Company.
Historical members equity of Holding prior to the Exchange was retrospectively adjusted for the par value of equivalent number of shares received by the members of Holding. Transaction costs incurred in connection with the Exchange have been charged directly to equity only to the extent of the cash received; costs in excess of cash received are charged to expense
Miller Mathis & Co., LLC Acquisition
On March 24, 2008, the Company acquired Miller Mathis & Co., LLC (Miller Mathis), an independent mergers and acquisition advisor to the global steel industry. The total fixed consideration for the acquisition was $7.3 million, with $4.4 million paid in cash at closing, and the balance payable on the first anniversary of the closing date. The Company, at its election, may pay up to $2.5 million of the deferred consideration in cash or common stock. Up to an additional $2.1 million of purchase price is payable in cash or common stock, or a combination thereof, on the second anniversary of the closing date, upon the achievement of significant growth targets. The Company recorded $7.5 million of goodwill and other intangible assets as a result of this acquisition. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further explanation.
COSCO Capital Management, LLC Acquisition
On June 2, 2008, the Company consummated the acquisition of all the operating assets of COSCO Capital Management LLC, COSCO Capital Texas LP and Private Energy Securities, Inc. (collectively, COSCO), related companies that provide investment banking services to the oil and gas sectors, principally in the United States and Canada.
Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, the fixed purchase price was $10.1 million, $8.1 million of which was paid at closing by the delivery of $6.1 million in cash and 1,121,138 shares of restricted common stock of the Company valued at $2.0 million. The $2.0 million balance of the fixed purchase price is payable over the two year period following the closing. Additionally, Rodman will pay (a) up to a maximum of $4.0 million over the 21 month period following the closing in respect of certain revenue earned, but not yet received, under contracts being acquired (of which $1.7 million was paid through December 31, 2008), and (b) certain other incremental payments based upon the acquired business achieving performance targets during the two year period following the closing. In addition, the acquisition of COSCO contained a 21 month contingency for additional contingent consideration to the selling shareholders, based on future revenues. This additional consideration will be paid annually in a mix of cash and equity.
F-9
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded $12.8 million of goodwill and other intangible assets as a result of this acquisition. See Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further explanation.
Unaudited pro-forma condensed results of operations
The following represents the Companys unaudited pro-forma condensed results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008, assuming that the acquisition of COSCO occurred on January 1, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The pro-forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations, which actually would have occurred had the acquisition been consummated on that date, nor does it purport to represent the results of operations for future periods.
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||
2008 | 2007 | |||||
Unaudited | ||||||
Revenues | $ | 51,171,936 | $ | 75,801,420 | ||
Net (loss) income | $ | (37,332,831 | ) | $ | 6,817,571 | |
Net (loss) income per share - basic | $ | (1.09 | ) | $ | 0.28 | |
Net (loss) income per share - diluted | $ | (1.09 | ) | $ | 0.27 |
Aceras BioMedical LLC Formation
On May 12, 2008, the Company formed Aceras BioMedical LLC (Aceras BioMedical), a joint venture through which the Company, in partnership with Aceras Partners, LLC (Aceras Partners), will make principal investments in early-stage biotechnology and life sciences companies. In conjunction with the establishment of the joint venture, the Company formed a new wholly-owned subsidiary, Rodman Principal Investments, LLC (RPI), which holds a 50% stake in Aceras BioMedical and serves as the holding vehicle for all of the Companys principal-related businesses. RPI has made an initial investment commitment to Aceras BioMedical of up to $30.0 million over five years to fund operations and the joint ventures principal investments in life science companies. RPI will have a 50% economic interest in all investments made by Aceras.
Under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities (FIN 46(R)), the Company determined that Aceras Partners meets the definition of a variable interest entity (VIE). See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Principles of Consolidation, for further explanation. The Company is the primary beneficiary of Aceras BioMedical and therefore has consolidated Aceras BioMedical with these financial statements.
Rodman & Renshaw, LLC
R&R, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, is a full-service investment banking firm specializing in investment banking services to corporations and businesses and the trading and sale of primarily equity securities. R&R assists emerging growth companies through capital raising, strategic advice, research, and the development of institutional support. R&R is an introducing broker and clears all transactions through a clearing organization on a fully disclosed basis. Accordingly, R&R is exempt from rule 15c3-3 of the Exchange Act.
R&R Biotech Partners, LLC
On April 1, 2004, R&R Biotech Partners, LLC (R&R Biotech) was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company for the purpose of making investments primarily in biotechnology and other emerging companies. In addition to making investments in operating companies, R&R Biotech has made several investments in public
F-10
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
company corporate shells for use by prospective investment banking clients that desire to go public by effecting a reverse merger.
On March 31, 2006, R&R Acquisition I, Inc. changed its name to Global Employment Holdings, Inc. (GEH) and GEH entered into a merger agreement with Global Employment Solutions, Inc. (GES), resulting in GES being 100% owned by GEH, effective April 10, 2006. In connection with these transactions, R&R Biotech contributed shares back to GEH, leaving it with a 2.4% interest in GEH. The investment in GEH was distributed to RRPR on February 28, 2007.
On September 30, 2006, pursuant to a Common Stock Purchase Agreement entered into on September 20, 2006, R&R Acquisition II, Inc. (RRA-II) closed on a private placement transaction whereby it sold 10,000,000 shares of its common stock to SENK, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company, in exchange for aggregate gross proceeds of $60,000.
On November 17, 2006, pursuant to a Common Stock Purchase Agreement entered into on such date, R&R Acquisition IV, Inc. (RRA-IV) closed on a private placement transaction whereby it sold 10,000,000 shares of its common stock to MAP III, LLC, an Illinois limited liability company, in exchange for aggregate gross proceeds of $66,000.
At various times during the year ended December 31, 2006, R&R Biotech incorporated eight blank check companies, as defined by the SEC, which were named R&R Acquisition VI-X, Inc. (Delaware corporations formed in June 2006) and Rodman International Enterprise I-III, Ltd (British Virgin Island (BVI) Business Companies formed on July 6, 2006).
In addition, during the year ended December 31, 2005, R&R Biotech purchased interests in three public company corporate shells, including 24Holdings, Inc., Enthrust and Castle & Morgan Holdings, Inc. (C&M).
At various dates during 2005 and through May 18, 2006, R&R Biotech purchased (1) 450,196 shares of common stock of C&M, which represented a 35.5% interest in this public reporting entity; and (2) a convertible note with a face value of $47,705, which was convertible into 636,057 shares of common stock of C&M. On May 24, 2006, C&M entered into a share and warrant exchange agreement with Osteologix A/S, a privately owned Danish company, resulting in Osteologix A/S being wholly owned by C&M. In addition, Osteologix, Inc., a Georgia corporation (Osteologix) and wholly owned subsidiary of Osteologix A/S, merged into C&M and Osteologix was the surviving entity. In connection with these transactions, R&R Biotech exchanged the convertible note for 636,057 shares of common stock and sold 152,076 shares to a third party in exchange for $100,000 cash consideration, leaving the Company with 934,177 shares of Osteologix. The Company sold an additional 306,900 shares of common stock during the year ended December 31, 2006 for gross proceeds of $316,348 which resulted in a realized gain on the sale of the common stock in the amount of $245,261, which left the Company with 3% of the outstanding common shares of Osteologix at December 31, 2006. On February 28, 2007, the investment in C&M was distributed to RRPR.
During the year ended December 31, 2006, R&R Biotech purchased interests in two public company corporate shells, including Twin Lakes, Inc. and Aerobic Creations, Inc. On February 28, 2007, the investment in Aerobic Creations, Inc. was distributed to RRPR.
F-11
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications have been made to previously reported balances to conform to the current presentation.
Starting in 2008, the Companys majority ownership interest in certain public shell companies (shells) is classified on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Financial instruments owned, at fair value, rather than goodwill. The Companys investment in these shells is recorded as a component of Financial instruments owned, at fair value in accordance with the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Brokers and Dealers in Securities. The Company believes that appropriate accounting is not to consolidate majority-owned investee companies because control of such companies is likely to be temporary, particularly where, as here, the investment is made with the intent to sell in a relatively short period of time, typically in connection with a reverse merger or similar transaction in which the Company has been retained as agent or advisor. This reclassification had the effect of reducing goodwill and increasing financial instruments owned at fair value by $1.8 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Starting in 2008, syndicate expenses associated with investment banking transactions are recorded net of revenue rather than as a component of expense in accordance with the AICPA Audit and Accounting Guide, Brokers and Dealers in Securities. This reclassification had the effect of reducing investment banking revenues and reducing professional and consulting fees by $1.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Principles of Consolidation
The Companys policy is to consolidate all entities in which it owns more than 50% of the outstanding voting stock and has control. In addition, in accordance with FIN 46(R), the Company consolidates entities which lack characteristics of an operating entity or business for which it is the primary beneficiary. Under FIN 46(R), the primary beneficiary is the party that absorbs a majority of the entitys expected losses, receives a majority of its expected residual returns, or both, as a result of holding variable interests, directly or implied. In situations where the Company has significant influence but not control of an entity that does not qualify as a variable interest entity, the Company applies the equity method of accounting. In those cases where its investment is less than 20% and significant influence does not exist, the investments are carried at fair value. Significant influence generally is deemed to exist when the Company owns 20% to 50% of the voting equity of a corporation, or when it holds at least 3% of a limited partnership interest. If the Company doesnt consolidate an entity or applies the equity method of accounting, it accounts for the investment at fair value.
All material intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Financial Instruments at Fair Value
The Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) 157, Fair Value Measurements, as of January 1, 2008. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and requires enhanced disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset and paid to transfer a liability in an ordinary transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Additionally, SFAS 157 disallows the use of block discounts on positions traded in an active market and nullifies certain guidance in Emerging Issues Task Force No. 02-3 regarding the recognition of inception gains on certain derivative transactions.
Under SFAS 157, fair value generally is based on quoted market prices. If quoted market prices are not available, fair value is determined based on other relevant factors, including dealer price quotations, price activity for equivalent instruments and valuation pricing models. Among the factors considered in determining the fair value of financial instruments are discount margins, weighted average spreads, discounted anticipated cash flows, the terms and liquidity of the instrument, the financial condition, operating results and credit ratings of the issuer or
F-12
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
underlying company, the quoted market price of publicly traded securities with similar duration and yield, as well as other measurements. Certain financial instruments have bid and ask prices that can be observed in the marketplace. For financial instruments whose inputs are based on bid-ask prices, mid-market pricing is applied and adjusted to the point within the bid-ask range that meets the Companys best estimate of fair value. For offsetting positions in the same financial instrument, the same price within the bid-ask spread is used to measure both the long and short positions.
The valuation process for financial instruments may include the use of valuation models and other techniques. Adjustments to valuations derived from valuation models may be made when, in managements judgment, either the size of the position in the financial instrument in a nonactive market or other features of the financial instrument such as its complexity, or the market in which the financial instrument is traded require that an adjustment be made to the value derived from the models. An adjustment may be made if a financial instrument is subject to sales restrictions that would result in a price less than the quoted market price. Adjustments from the price derived from a valuation model reflect managements judgment that other participants in the market for the financial instrument being measured at fair value would also consider in valuing that same financial instrument and are adjusted for assumptions about risk uncertainties and market conditions. Results from valuation models and valuation techniques in one period may not be indicative of future period fair value measurements.
Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased are stated at fair value, with related changes in unrealized appreciation or depreciation reflected in principal transactions, net in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Equity interests in certain private equity securities and limited partnership interests are reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements at fair value, which is often represented at initial cost until significant transactions or developments indicate that a change in the carrying value of the securities is appropriate. This represents the Companys best estimate of exit price as used in SFAS 157. Generally, the carrying values of these securities will be increased or decreased based on company performance in those instances where market values are readily ascertainable by reference to substantial transactions occurring in the marketplace or quoted market prices.
As defined in SFAS 157, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various methods including market, income and cost approaches. Based on these approaches, the Company utilizes assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable firm inputs. The Company utilizes valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in the valuation techniques the Company is required to provide the following information according to the fair value hierarchy. The fair value hierarchy ranks the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. Financial instrument assets and liabilities carried at fair value have been classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1 primarily consists of financial instruments whose value is based on quoted market prices such as listed equities.
Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies calibrated to observable market inputs. These models are primarily industry-standard models that consider various assumptions, including discount margins, credit spreads, discounted anticipated cash flows, the terms and liquidity of the instrument, the financial condition, operating results and credit ratings of the issuer or underlying company, the quoted market price of publicly traded securities with similar duration and yield, time value, yield curve, default rates, as well as other measurements. In order to be classified as Level 2, substantially all of these assumptions would need to be observable in the marketplace or able to be derived from observable data or supported by observable levels at which transactions are executed in the marketplace. Financial instruments in this category include warrants received in conjunction with the Companys investment banking activities.
Level 3 is comprised of financial instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models or methodologies utilizing significant inputs that are unobservable from objective sources. Included in this
F-13
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
category are warrants and convertible notes received in conjunction with the Companys investment banking activities, private equity securities and limited partnership interests.
Value of Underwriter and Placement Agent Warrants
As a part of the Companys compensation for its activities as underwriter or placement agent, it may receive warrants exercisable to purchase securities similar to those that are offered and sold in the financing transaction. The adoption of SFAS 157 on January 1, 2008 and recent dynamic market conditions prompted the Company to undertake a comprehensive review of its fair value accounting polices. Upon completion of this review, management determined that the Companys warrants should be valued using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (Black-Scholes), rather than a fair value model based on historical entity specific criteria. Management concluded that Black-Scholes provides a measurement tool that is consistent with the definition of fair value in accordance with SFAS 157. The model requires management to use five inputs: price, risk-free interest rate, exercise price, time remaining on the warrant and price volatility. When the Company initially receives a new warrant in connection with, or prior to an initial public offering, its calculated volatility factor is based on the volatility of an index of comparable companies, since there is no price history for new publicly traded or private companies. As each warrant approaches its expiration date, its volatility factor is derived primarily from the historical prices of its underlying common stock. Management cannot assure that it ultimately will be able to liquidate any of the Companys warrants in a way that will realize the value attributed to the warrants in the financial statements through the application of Black-Scholes.
The change in estimate was implemented in the first quarter of 2008. The impact of the change in warrants valuation was accounted for on a prospective basis in accordance with SFAS 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections. As a result of the Companys change in this valuation technique, it recorded additional principal transaction revenue and investment banking revenue of $9.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, during the first quarter of 2008.
The fair value of warrants is recorded in financial instruments owned, at fair value on the Companys Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. When a new warrant is received, its fair value is included in investment banking revenue on the date on which it is earned. Subsequently, any change in fair value is recorded as principal transactions. When a warrant is exercised, the fair value is adjusted to reflect the value of the securities purchased, net of the exercise price, and the adjustment amount is recorded as income or loss for the relevant period. If a warrant expires unexercised, the fair value is adjusted to zero and the decrease is recorded as a loss in the relevant period.
Short Sales
Beginning in the second quarter of 2008, the Company engaged in short sales through a third party managed fund in order to hedge the market risk associated with its warrant portfolio. Short selling is the practice of selling securities that are borrowed from a third party. The Company is required to return securities equivalent to those borrowed for the short sale at its prime brokers demand. Pending the return of such securities, the Company deposits with the prime broker as collateral the proceeds of the short sale plus additional cash. The amount of the required deposit, which earns interest, is adjusted periodically to reflect any change in the market price of the securities that the Company is required to return to the prime broker. As of December 31, 2008, short sales were collateralized by $2.4 million of restricted cash based on the requirements of the prime broker.
Revenue Recognition
Investment Banking. Underwriting and placement agent revenues and fees from mergers and acquisitions and other financial advisory assignments are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the services related to the underlying transaction are completed under the terms of the engagement. Expenses associated with such transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded. Underwriting and placement agent revenues are presented net of related expenses.
F-14
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
When the Company receives warrants as a component of its compensation for investment banking services, revenue is recognized based on the fair value of those instruments, in accordance with Emerging Issued Task Force (EITF) 00-8, Accounting by a Grantee for an Equity Instrument to be Received in Conjunction with Providing Goods or Services. Revenue from the receipt of warrants is recognized on the date the warrants are received based on the estimated fair value of the securities received as estimated using Black-Scholes, which takes into account the exercise price, remaining life of the warrant, the current price and expected volatility of the underlying stock, expected dividends on the stock and the risk-free interest rate for the remaining term of the warrant. The following provides details of the Companys investment banking revenue for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||
Private placement cash fees | $ | 28,586,391 | $ | 45,481,490 | $ | 39,391,862 | ||
Private placement warrant and note fees | 13,684,056 | - | - | |||||
Advisory cash fees | 8,983,629 | 5,826,711 | 814,409 | |||||
Underwriting cash fees | 1,219,111 | 4,521,093 | 2,874,662 | |||||
Total investment banking revenue | $ | 52,473,187 | $ | 55,829,294 | $ | 43,080,933 |
Principal Transactions. Financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, but not yet purchased (all of which are recorded on a trade-date basis) are carried at fair value with gains and losses reflected in principal transactions on a trade date basis.
Commissions. The Companys sales and trading business generates revenue from equity securities trading commissions paid by customers. Commissions are recognized on a trade date basis.
Conference Fees. The Company receives conference deposits from presenters, which are recorded as a liability and then recognized as revenue when the conference is conducted. The Company also makes advance payments for conference facilities, entertainment and related costs, which are recorded as prepaid expenses and then recognized as expenses when the conference is conducted.
Debt with Equity Instruments
Debentures and Warrants were accounted for in accordance with EITF 00-27, Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments, the aggregate purchase price was allocated to the Debentures and the Warrants based on their relative fair values, with amount attributable to the relative fair value of the Warrants being recorded as a debt discount on the Debentures and credited to additional paid in capital. The debt discount was accreted over the life of the Debentures.
The fair value of the Warrants was determined based on the Black-Scholes model, which required the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected share price volatility. Given that Holdings shares were not publicly traded, Holding developed an expected volatility figure based on a review of the historical volatilities, over a period of time equivalent to the expected life of the Warrants, of similarly positioned public companies within its industry, during the early stages of their life as a public company. In applying the Black-Scholes model, Holdings used the following assumptions:
Risk free interest rate | 4.54 | % |
Weighted average expected life of Warrants (years) | 3.0 | |
Expected volatility of Companys common stock | 33 | % |
Expected dividends | |
F-15
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
In addition, based on the intrinsic value method, an additional amount of debt discount was recorded and credited to additional paid in capital, related to the beneficial conversion feature of the Debentures after taking into account the value of the Warrants issued. The debt discount was accreted over the life of the Debentures.
On July 10, 2007, the Debentures were exchanged in consideration for shares of Common Stock as part of the Exchange, and the unamortized debt discount was charged to interest expense and are included in the statements of operations (see Note 10.)
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the related assets (generally three to ten years). Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of related leases or the estimated useful lives of the assets, whichever is shorter.
Goodwill and other intangible assets
In accordance with SFAS 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill is not amortized; instead, it is reviewed for impairment at least annually and written down when impaired. The Company operates as a single reporting unit. Goodwill is impaired when the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value of the reporting unit.
Intangible assets consist of customer relationships and a trade name. Customer relationships and a trade name acquired in business combinations under the purchase method of accounting are recorded at their fair values net of accumulated amortization since the acquisition date. Customer relationships acquired in the normal course of the Companys operations are recorded at cost net of accumulated amortization. Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives using a method of amortization that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed or otherwise used. Amortization is calculated using the straight line method over the estimated useful lives at the following annual rates:
% | ||
Customer relationships | 33 | % |
Trade name | 10 | % |
Pursuant to the provisions of SFAS 142, the Company reviews its finite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of finite-lived intangible asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of a finite-lived intangible asset is measured by a comparison of its carrying amount to the undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset, which is determined based on discounted cash flows.
Earnings Per Share
The Company computes earnings per share (EPS) in accordance with SFAS No. 128, Earnings per Share. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, which includes restricted stock and restricted stock units (RSUs) for which service has been provided. Diluted EPS includes the components of basic EPS and also includes the dilutive effects of restricted stock and RSUs for which service has not yet been provided and employee stock options.
Income Taxes
Prior to the Exchange, Holding was a limited liability company (LLC) filing Federal, NewYork State, and New York City Unincorporated Business Tax (UBT) returns. As an LLC, Holding was not subject to Federal or State income taxes. Rather, the members of Holding, Revere and R&R Capital, were taxed on Holdings federal and state taxable income. Accordingly, there was no provision or liability for Federal or State income taxes recorded
F-16
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
in Holdings consolidated financial statements prior to the Exchange, except for the New York City UBT. For the short year that began on July 11, 2007 and ended December 31, 2007, the Company was subject to Federal, New York State, and New York City corporate income taxes. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company is required to file Federal and several State corporate tax returns in addition to New York State and New York City.
Deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48, Accounting of Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109 (FIN 48). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2006. The Company adopted FIN 48 effective with its 2007 year. Management does not believe that the Company has any material uncertain tax position requiring recognition or measurement in accordance with the provisions of FIN 48.
The Companys policy is to classify penalties and interest associated with uncertain tax positions, if required, as a component of its income tax provision. As a result of having no material uncertain tax positions, the Company has no amounts for associated interest and penalties recorded on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition or the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Legal Reserves
The Company recognizes a liability for a contingency when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and when the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. When a range of probable loss can be estimated, the Company accrues the most likely amount of such loss, and if such amount is not determinable, then the Company accrues the minimum of the range of probable loss.
Reserves related to legal proceedings are established and maintained in accordance with SFAS 5, Accounting for Contingencies, and FASB Interpretation No. 14, Reasonable Estimation of the Amount of a Loss an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 5. The determination of these reserve amounts requires significant judgment on the part of management. The Companys management considers many factors including, but not limited to: the amount of the claim; the basis and validity of the claim; previous results in similar cases; and legal precedents and case law. Each legal proceeding is reviewed with counsel in each accounting period and the reserve is adjusted as deemed appropriate by management. As of December 31, 2008, there were no legal reserves accrued in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements is in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
R&R is engaged in trading and provides a broad range of securities brokerage and investment services to institutional clients as well as private placement services to business entities. Counterparties to the R&Rs business activities include broker-dealers and clearing organizations, banks and other financial institutions.
R&R uses a clearing broker to process transactions and maintain client accounts on a fee basis. R&R permits the clearing firm to extend credit to a client secured by cash and securities in the clients account. R&Rs exposure to credit risk associated with the non-performance by its clients and counterparties in fulfilling their
F-17
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
contractual obligations can be directly impacted by volatile or illiquid trading markets, which may impair the ability of clients and counterparties to satisfy their obligations to R&R. R&R has agreed to indemnify its clearing broker for losses incurred while extending credit to R&Rs clients. R&Rs policy is to review, as necessary, the credit standing of its clients and counterparties. Amounts due from clients that are considered uncollectible are charged back to R&R by the clearing brokers when such amounts become determinable.
Financial instruments sold but not yet purchased commit R&R to deliver specified securities at predetermined prices. The transactions may result in market risk since, to satisfy the obligation, R&R must acquire the financial instruments at market prices, which may exceed the values reflected on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Forgivable Loans
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company issued $3.3 million of forgivable loans as a retention vehicle to certain new employees. These loans are subject to a substantive service requirement by the employees and are amortized over a three year service period on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 2008, the balance of the loans was $2.5 million, which is included in other assets on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Company recorded $0.8 million of compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2008 related to the amortization of these loans.
Stock-Based Compensation
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R) Share-Based Payment (SFAS 123(R)), using the modified prospective method, which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation expense over the requisite service period. Expenses associated with such grants are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, net of estimated forfeitures.
Deferred stock based compensation costs with respect to shares of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted are presented as part of stock based compensation in the consolidated statements of stockholders equity.
NOTE 3 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements
SFAS 141 (revised). In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141(revised), Business Combinations (SFAS 141(R)), which attempts to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This Statement replaces SFAS 141, Business Combinations. SFAS 141(R) retains the fundamental requirements in Statement 141 that the acquisition method of accounting (which Statement 141 called the purchase method) be used for all business combinations and for an acquirer to be identified for each business combination. This Statement also retains the guidance in SFAS 141 for identifying and recognizing intangible assets separately from goodwill. The most significant changes in SFAS 141(R) are: (1) acquisition costs and restructuring costs would now be expensed; (2) stock consideration will be measured based on the quoted market price as of the acquisition date instead of the date the deal is announced; (3) contingent consideration arising from contractual and noncontractual contingencies that meet the more-likely-than not recognition threshold will be measured and recognized as an asset or liability at fair value at the acquisition date using a probability-weighted discounted cash flows model, with subsequent changes in fair value reflected in earnings. Noncontractual contingencies that do not meet the more likely- than-not criteria will continue to be recognized when they are probable and reasonably estimable; and (4) acquirer records 100% step-up to fair value for all assets & liabilities, including the minority interest portion, and goodwill is recorded as if a 100% interest was acquired. SFAS 141(R) is effective January 1, 2009. The Company will evaluate the impact of SFAS 141(R) on its consolidated financial statements when future business acquisitions occur.
SFAS 160. In December 2007, the FASB issued FASB 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements an amendment of ARB No. 51 (SFAS 160). SFAS 160 requires an entity to clearly
F-18
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
identify and present ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the entity in the Consolidated Financial Statements within the equity section but separate from the entitys equity. It also requires the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest be clearly identified and presented on the face of the consolidated statement of income; changes in ownership interest be accounted for similarly, as equity transactions; and when a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary and the gain or loss on the deconsolidation of the subsidiary be measured at fair value. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Accordingly, the Company adopted SFAS No. 160 effective January 1, 2009 and does not anticipate that its adoption will have a significant impact on the reporting of its financial position or results of its operations.
SFAS 161. In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities (SFAS 161). SFAS 161 amends and expands the disclosure requirements of SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and requires qualitative disclosures about objectives and strategies for using derivatives, quantitative disclosures about fair values and amounts of gains and losses on derivative contracts and disclosures about credit-risk-related contingent features in derivative agreements. SFAS 161 is effective for the fiscal years and interim periods beginning after November 15, 2008. The Company adopted SFAS No. 161 effective January 1, 2009 and will reflect the new disclosure requirements in its 2009 consolidated financial statements. SFAS 161 will not impact the Companys consolidated results of operations or financial position as its requirements are disclosure-only in nature.
SFAS 162. In May 2008, the FASB issued SFAS 162, The Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (SFAS 162). SFAS 162 identifies a consistent framework, or hierarchy, for selecting accounting principles to be used in preparing financial statements that are presented in conformity with GAAP for nongovernmental entities (the Hierarchy). The Hierarchy within SFAS 162 is consistent with that previously defined in the AICPA Statement on Auditing Standards No. 69, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (SAS 69). SFAS 162 is effective 60 days following the the Securities and Exchange Commissions (the SEC) approval of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board amendments to AU Section 411, The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The adoption of SFAS 162 will not have a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements because the Company has utilized the guidance within SAS 69.
FSP FAS 157-3. In October 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-3, Determining the Fair Value of a Financial Asset When the Market for that Asset is not Active (FSP FAS 157-3). FSP FAS 157-3 is consistent with the joint press release the FASB issued with the SEC on September 30, 2008, which provides general clarification guidance on determining fair value under FASB 157 when markets are inactive. FSP FAS 157-3 specifically addresses the use of judgment in determining whether a transaction in a dislocated market represents fair value, the inclusion of market participant risk adjustments when an entity significantly adjusts observable market data based on unobservable inputs, and the degree of reliance to be placed on broker quotes or pricing services. FSP FAS 157-3 was effective immediately upon issuance and did not have an effect on the Companys financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
NOTE 4 Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company generally invests its excess cash in money market funds. Restricted cash is due to short sales which were collateralized based on the requirements of the prime broker and an escrow account per the Companys office lease agreement.
F-19
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 5 - Financial Instruments, at Fair Value
The following is a summary of the fair value of financial instruments owned and financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
December 31, 2008 | December 31, 2007 | ||||||||||
Financial | Financial | ||||||||||
Instruments | Instruments | ||||||||||
Financial | Sold, | Financial | Sold, | ||||||||
Instruments | Not Yet | Instruments | Not Yet | ||||||||
Owned | Purchased | Owned | Purchased | ||||||||
Securities | $ | 1,258,132 | $ | 1,360,767 | $ | 1,120,841 | $ | 147,663 | |||
Derivatives | 7,483,770 | - | 2,083,469 | - | |||||||
Investment in private securities | 627,309 | - | 743,548 | - | |||||||
Investments in shells | 1,823,836 | - | 987,876 | - | |||||||
Loans and loan commitments | 1,916,782 | - | 477,500 | - | |||||||
Other investments | 762,365 | - | 3,598,171 | - | |||||||
$ | 13,872,184 | $ | 1,360,767 | $ | 9,011,405 | $ | 147,663 |
The following is a summary of the Companys financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value as of December 31, 2008 by level within the fair value hierarchy:
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||
Financial instruments owned: | |||||||||||
Securities | $ | 1,258,132 | $ | - | $ | 627,309 | $ | 1,885,441 | |||
Derivatives | - | 1,861,781 | 5,621,989 | 7,483,770 | |||||||
Investments in shells | - | - | 1,823,826 | 1,823,826 | |||||||
Loans and loan commitments | - | - | 1,916,782 | 1,916,782 | |||||||
Other investments | - | - | 762,365 | 762,365 | |||||||
Total financial instruments owned | $ | 1,258,132 | $ | 1,861,781 | $ | 10,752,271 | $ | 13,872,184 | |||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased | $ | 1,360,767 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,360,767 | |||
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased | $ | 1,360,767 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,360,767 |
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of the Companys financial assets and liabilities that have been classified as Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2008:
Derivatives Instruments | Non-Derivatives | |||||
Assets | Assets | |||||
Balance, January 1, 2008 | $ | 2,083,469 | $ | 5,807,096 | ||
Received/ issuances | 10,493,214 | 7,521,165 | ||||
Change in accounting estimate (1) | 9,007,669 | - | ||||
Realized and unrealized gain (loss) (1) | (15,962,363 | ) | (8,197,979 | ) | ||
Balance, December 31, 2008 | $ | 5,621,989 | $ | 5,130,282 | ||
Change in unrealized gains/losses relating to | ||||||
instruments still held at December 31, 2008 | $ | (15,962,363 | ) | $ | (3,595,227 | ) |
(1) Reported in principal transactions in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
F-20
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 6 Discontinued Operations
The Company operated in asset management on a limited basis through Rodman & Renshaw Fund Management (RRFM), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, which owned an interest in, was a general partner of, and managed Rodman & Renshaw Opportunity Fund (RROF), a New York limited partnership formed in February 2000 for the purpose of conducting a business of investing and trading its limited partners funds. Effective January 1, 2006 through November 30, 2007, and in accordance with EITF 04-5, the Company consolidated RROF.
In October 2007, the Companys management, in consultation with the Board of Directors, determined that the Companys asset management operation, as constituted, was not central to its strategic development. Accordingly, the Company terminated its asset management operation in the fourth quarter of 2007. Effective December 1, 2007, an unaffiliated entity was appointed sole general partner of RROF. The Company retained its limited partner rights and interests.
In accordance with SFAS 144, Accounting For the Impairment or Disposal of Long Lived Assets (SFAS 144) and EITF 03-13, Applying the Conditions in Paragraph 42 of SFAS 144 in Determining Whether to Report Discontinued Operations (EITF 03-13), the asset management operations are reported as discontinued as of November 30, 2007 since the Company has determined that RROF and its cash flows were clearly distinguished for financial reporting purposes from the rest of the Company and the Company will not have any significant continuing involvement in, or cash flows from, the operations of RROF.
The Companys ownership interest in the capital of RROF reflected a 7.34% interest as of December 31, 2007. Effective December 1, 2007, the Company had no significant influence over the entitys partnership operating and financial policies and is accounting for its interest on the equity method of accounting in accordance with EITF Topic No. D-46, Accounting for Limited Partnership Investments. As of December 31, 2008, the investment in RROF was $122,547 and such amount is included in financial instruments as other investment in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The results of the discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:
December 31, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||||
Principal transactions | $ | (2,326,201 | ) | $ | 2,659,603 | ||
Interest and other income | 48,568 | 33,114 | |||||
(2,277,633 | ) | 2,692,717 | |||||
Operating expenses | - | 100,744 | |||||
Operating income (loss) | (2,277,633 | ) | 2,591,973 | ||||
Income taxes benefit (expense) | 91,580 | (14,085 | ) | ||||
Minority interest | 2,202,649 | (2,239,836 | ) | ||||
Net income | $ | 16,596 | $ | 338,052 |
NOTE 7 Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
On March 24, 2008, the Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in Miller Mathis. The total fixed consideration for the acquisition was $7.3 million, with $4.4 million paid in cash at the closing, and the balance payable in one year. Legal expenses associated with the acquisition were $0.2 million.
The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method and accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated according to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Miller Mathis. The Company completed its purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2008, which resulted in allocation of $0.9 million, or 11.8%, from goodwill to customer relationships and trade name intangibles. The results of Miller Mathis operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since March 24, 2008.
F-21
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon the completion of the purchase price allocation:
Accounts receivable | $ | 86,586 | |
Prepaid expenses | 38,000 | ||
Other assets | 20,510 | ||
Customer relationships | 650,000 | ||
Trade name | 230,000 | ||
Goodwill | 6,578,065 | ||
Total assets acquired | 7,603,161 | ||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (122,740 | ) | |
Other liabilities | ( 22,356 | ) | |
Total liabilities assumed | (145,096 | ) | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 7,458,065 |
Customer relationships and trade name intangibles in the amount of $880,000 are amortized using the straight-line method at an annual weighted average rate of 20.7% . The Company recorded an amortization expense of $105,169 for the three months ended December 31, 2008.
On June 2, 2008, the Company acquired all the operating assets of COSCO, related companies that provide investment banking services to the oil and gas sectors, principally in the United States and Canada. Under the terms of the acquisition agreement, the fixed purchase price was $10.1 million, $8.1 million of which was paid at closing by the delivery of $6.1 million in cash and 1,121,138 shares of restricted common stock of the Company valued at $2.0 million. The $2.0 million balance of the fixed purchase price is payable over the two year period following the closing date. Additionally, Rodman will pay (a) up to a maximum of $4.0 million over the 21 month period following the closing in respect of certain revenue earned, but not yet received, under contracts being acquired (of which $1.7 million was paid through December 31, 2008), and (b) certain other incremental payments based upon the acquired business achieving performance targets during the two year period following the closing. In addition, the acquisition of COSCO contained a 21 month contingency for additional contingent consideration to the selling shareholders, based on future revenues. This additional consideration, if earned, will be paid annually in a mix of cash and equity.
The acquisition was accounted for by the purchase method and accordingly, the purchase price has been allocated according to the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of COSCO. The Company completed its purchase price allocation during the fourth quarter of 2008 which resulted in an allocation of $2.5 million, or 19.7%, from goodwill to customer relationship intangibles.
As of December 31, 2008, the Company recorded $12.8 million of goodwill and customer relationships as a result of this acquisition, which included additional consideration of $2.3 million under the terms of the agreement and $0.4 acquisition costs. The results of COSCOs operations have been included in the consolidated financial statements since June 2, 2008.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed upon the completion of the purchase price allocation:
Cash | $ | 99,190 |
Other current assets | 25,000 | |
Premises and equipment, net | 72,551 | |
Other assets | 84,536 | |
Customer relationships | 2,520,387 | |
Goodwill | 10,251,543 | |
Total assets acquired | 13,053,207 |
F-22
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | (42,158 | ) | |
Long-term liabilities | ( 86,960 | ) | |
Total liabilities assumed | (129,118 | ) | |
Working capital adjustment | (152,159 | ) | |
Net assets acquired | $ | 12,771,930 |
Customer relationships intangibles in the amount of $2,520,387 are amortized using the straight-line method over a three year period. The Company recorded amortization expense of $418,255 for the three months ended December 31, 2008.
On June 2, 2008, the Company acquired a customer relationship intangible asset for a total cash payment of $5.0 million. The Company will amortize this customer relationship intangible asset over the expected useful life of three years using the straight line method.
In light of market conditions, the Company performed an impairment test during the first quarter of 2008 which resulted in the recognition of a goodwill impairment charge of $1.1 million, of which $ 0.3 million and $0.8 million are related to its TechBio, LLC and Techvest, LLC subsidiaries, respectively.
Goodwill was tested again for impairment as of September 30, 2008, after monitoring the relationship of the Companys market capitalization to both its book value and tangible book value and observing a decline in the Companys market capitalization related to both financial services industry-wide and to Company specific factors. Based on this analysis goodwill was not considered to be impaired.
The Company performed an impairment test of goodwill as of December 31, 2008. Fair value of the reporting unit was determined using the weighted average of discounted cash flow, price to tangible book value multiple and market capitalization. The significant estimates used in the fair value methodologies include estimates of future cash flows, future growth rates and the weighted average cost of capital of the reporting unit. The impairment test resulted in the recognition of an impairment charge of $16.8 million related to Miller Mathis and COSCO, which was the total balance of goodwill related to these acquisitions.
Management performed an impairment test of the customer relationships and trade name intangibles as of December 31, 2008, which resulted in the recognition of impairment charge of $3.8 million of customer relationships.
The following table represents a summary of the changes to goodwill and other intangible assets from January 1, 2007 through December 31, 2008:
Goodwill | Customer Relationship | Trademark | Total | ||||||||||||
Balance, January 1, 2007 | $ | 1,938,714 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,938,714 | |||||||
Additions | 486,693 | - | - | 486,693 | |||||||||||
Reclassification of shells | (984,690 | ) | - | - | (984,690 | ) | |||||||||
Impairment | (375,717 | ) | - | - | (375,717 | ) | |||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2007 | 1,065,000 | - | - | 1,065,000 | |||||||||||
Additions | 16,829,608 | 8,170,387 | 237,875 | 25,237,870 | |||||||||||
Impairment | (17,894,608 | ) | (3,824,674 | ) | - | (21,719,282 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization | - | (1,659,902 | ) | (17,250 | ) | (1,677,152 | ) | ||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2008 | $ | - | $ | 2,685,811 | $ | 220,625 | $ | 2,906,436 |
NOTE 8 - Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment is comprised of the following as of December 31, 2008 and 2007:
F-23
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
2008 | 2007 | ||||
Computer and office equipment | $ | 1,624,871 | $ | 1,174,828 | |
Furniture and fixtures | 1,011,008 | 652,637 | |||
Leasehold improvements | 1,008,206 | 545,014 | |||
3,644,085 | 2,372,479 | ||||
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,254,380 | 1,458,834 | |||
Property and Equipment, Net | $ | 1,389,705 | $ | 913,645 |
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was $706,963, $604,868 and $538,353, respectively.
NOTE 9 Related Party Transactions
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, an aggregate of zero and $137,914, respectively, was due from Paul Revere. The 2007 amount relates to amounts advanced for business purposes prior to the Exchange and they were repaid during 2008.
The spouse of a director, the Companys Head of Investment Banking and former Chief Executive Officer, is employed by R&R as vice president, institutional trading. During 2008 and 2007 she earned $137,989 and $417,399 for services rendered, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company paid and received funds from RRPR in the ordinary course of business. As of December 31, 2008, due to RRPR was $398,169. RRPR, which holds financial instruments received prior to the Exchange Date, is owned 40.5% by the Company and 59.5% by Revere.
One of the Companys directors, who joined its board of directors on October 16, 2007, has also served as the chairman of the board of Vector Intersect Security Acquisition Corp. (Vector) since May 31, 2006. During 2008 the Company recorded revenue in the amount of $2,308,063 in connection with services rendered to Vector. As of December 31, 2008, a receivable from Vector in the amount of $240,000 was due and a promissory note in the amount of $1,916,782 was outstanding.
NOTE 10 Senior Convertible Debentures and Warrants
On March 1, 2007, the Company, in a private placement transaction, issued the Debentures and the Warrants to the investors in exchange for $20,000,000 in cash. The Debentures had a maturity date of December 31, 2009 and bore interest at 6% per annum, payable at the earlier of the maturity date or at the time of conversion or redemption of the Debentures. The Debentures, including any accrued interest, were convertible into shares of Holdings common stock, at any time, at the election of the holders, at a conversion price of $7.00 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The Warrants were exercisable at any time on or before March 1, 2010, at the election of the holder, and entitled the holders to purchase up to 714,286 shares of Holdings common stock at an exercise price of $7.70 per share, subject to certain adjustments.
The Company incurred investment banking, legal and due diligence fees totaling $1,070,040 associated with the issuance of the Debentures and Warrants. These fees are recorded as deferred financing costs and $136,040 was amortized to interest expense through the Exchange Date. Upon the Exchange, the remaining unamortized balance of $934,000 was written off. Such amounts are included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
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RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
As part of the Exchange, the holders of the Debentures and the Warrants exchanged those securities (and accrued interest on the Debentures) for an aggregate of 5,970,099 shares of Common Stock and warrants to purchase 1,355,600 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.00 per share.
In accordance with the guidance provided by EITF 00-27, Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments, the Company allocated the aggregate purchase price of $20,000,000 to the Debentures and the Warrants based on their relative fair values, with $1,134,615 allocated to the Warrants recorded as a debt discount on the Debentures. In addition, the Company recorded an additional debt discount of $1,134,657 at March 1, 2007 related to the beneficial conversion feature of the Debentures (the BCF) after taking into account the value of the Warrants. The debt discount and the amount allocated to the BCF were credited to members equity and were to be accreted over the life of the Debentures. Through the Exchange Date (July 10, 2007), $288,503 was amortized to interest expense and as a result of the Exchange, the aggregate unamortized balances of the debt discount related to the Warrants and the BCF in the amount of $1,980,769 was written off. All the amounts are included in interest expense in the consolidated statements of operations.
At all times while any of the Debentures remained outstanding, the Company was required to maintain $5,000,000 of key man life insurance on each of its then President, Chief Executive Officer and a Senior Managing Director, as well as maintain cash balances, together with its subsidiaries, of at least $3,000,000. The Company was in compliance with these requirements throughout the period during which the Debentures were outstanding.
In connection with the sale of the Debentures and the Warrants, the Company agreed to enter into a Registration Rights Agreement with the holders of the Debentures, which would require it or its successor to file a resale registration statement with the SEC within 90 days after certain trigger events. The Exchange was a trigger event and, in connection therewith, the Company entered into a Registration Rights Agreement with the former holders of the Debentures. In furtherance of the Companys obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement, the holders shares were included in the Registration Statement that was declared effective by the SEC on October 16, 2007.
NOTE 11 - Commitments and Contingencies
Lease Commitments
The Company leases its headquarters and other office locations under non-cancelable lease agreements which expire between 2008 and 2013.
On February 14, 2008, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for approximately 40,300 square feet of office space on the 20th floor at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY for a term which commenced in May 2008 and ends in October 2013. The monthly rental fee is $251,875, with five months free rent after the payment of the first monthly lease payment on the commencement date. The monthly rent expense is $232,500.
The Companys future minimum lease payments for all operating leases are as follows as of December 31, 2008:
Equipment | ||||||||
Office Leases | Leases | Total | ||||||
2009 | $ | 3,189,268 | $ | 11,986 | $ | 3,201,253 | ||
2010 | 3,138,159 | 10,326 | 3,148,485 | |||||
2011 | 3,116,750 | 2,872 | 3,119,622 | |||||
2012 | 3,116,662 | - | 3,116,662 | |||||
2013 | 2,518,750 | - | 2,518,750 |
Occupancy and rental expense amounted to $2,910,129, $1,085,393 and $827,964 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
F-25
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Letter of Credit
In connection with the lease for the 20th floor at 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY the Company issued a letter of credit in favor of the landlord in the sum of $755,625, as a security deposit. The letter of credit expires on February 2010 but is subject to automatic extension.
Equity Commitment
The Company, through RPI, has made an initial investment commitment to Aceras Partners of up to $30.0 million over five years to fund operations and the joint ventures principal investments in life science companies. As of December 31, 2008, $28.6 million of this commitment remained unfunded.
Litigation
The Company faces significant legal risks in its businesses and, in recent years, the volume of claims and amount of damages sought in litigation and regulatory proceedings against investment banking firms have been increasing. These risks include potential liability under Federal securities and other laws in connection with securities offerings and other transactions, as well as advice and opinions the Company may provide concerning strategic transactions. In addition, like most investment banking firms, the Company could be the subject of claims made by current and former employees arising out of their employment or termination of employment with the Company. These claims often relate to dissatisfaction with an employees bonus or separation payment, or involve allegations that the employee was the subject of some form of discrimination, retaliation or other unlawful employment practice.
The following constitute the Companys material pending legal proceedings as of the date of this report:
On or about October 18, 2006, R&R, as claimant, filed a statement of claim with FINRA against Matthew N. Murray (Murray), a former research analyst whom the Company terminated on March 2, 2006 for engaging in unprofessional conduct (Rodman & Renshaw, LLC v. Mathew N. Murray, FINRA Dispute Resolution Arbitration No. 0604643). The petition at that time asserted claims for defamation, tortious interference with business relations, breach of fiduciary duty, conversion, breach of contract, and prima facie tort. In that proceeding, the Company seeks compensatory damages against Murray of at least $10 million, plus punitive damages of at least $15 million, together with certain injunctive relief. The claims relate to wrongful activities allegedly undertaken by Murray.
On October 6, 2006, R&R and its senior officers filed an action (the SDNY Action) in the U.S. Federal District Court for the Southern District of New York (Rodman & Renshaw, LLC, John Borer, Edward Rubin, Michael Vasinkevich, and Wesley K. Clark v. Mathew N. Murray, U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York, 06 CV 8210 (WHP)), alleging various claims for trademark dilution, trademark infringement, cybersquatting, cyberpiracy, and false designation of origin as a result of various websites allegedly created by or at the instance of Murray using, among other things, the given names and surnames of certain of the Companys principals and high ranking employees. The action, among other things, sought permanent injunctive relief restraining Murray from continuing the acts complained of, as well as compensatory and punitive damages, each in the amount of at least $10.0 million. On October 6, 2006, R&R and the other plaintiffs moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction seeking an order enjoining Murray from continuing to maintain the offending websites and directing that the sites be taken down and the domain names transferred to the Company and to the other plaintiffs. Murray signed an order on October 10, 2006, effectively agreeing to all of R&Rs demands, which document was so-ordered by the Court on October 11, 2006. On or about October 17, 2006, Murray filed an answer and counterclaims, which he amended on November 14, 2006, for breach of contract, defamation, and declaratory relief, seeking at least $1.0 million each in compensatory damages and punitive damages in an amount to be determined at trial. Murray also alleges that he was promised an option to purchase two percent of Rodman for book value.
On or about November 17, 2006, the plaintiffs in the SDNY Action moved to sever and dismiss Murrays counterclaims and Murray moved to stay and preliminarily enjoin the FINRA proceeding or, in the alternative, to stay the SDNY Action. The court heard oral argument on the motions on December 21, 2006, and issued an order
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RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
dated December 22, 2006, declining to stay the FINRA proceeding; declining to sever and dismiss Murrays counterclaims; and directing that the SDNY Action be stayed pending the full adjudication of the FINRA proceeding.
On April 9, 2007, the statement of claim in the FINRA proceeding was amended to include the claims first set forth in the complaint in the SDNY Action and to include the individual plaintiffs in the SDNY Action as additional claimants in the FINRA proceeding. On May 24, 2007, Murray filed a motion to dismiss the amended statement of claim, as well as an answer and three counterclaims. Two of the counterclaims seek damages for breach of contract of at least $1.0 million; the third counterclaim seeks damages for defamation of at least $1.0 million, plus additional, but unspecified, compensatory and punitive damages, plus expungement of the Form U-5 that R&R filed in connection with Murrays termination. Murray also seeks a declaration concerning his rights and R&Rs conduct in connection with the allegations in his answer and counterclaims and in connection with R&Rs right to adjudicate its claims in the arbitration. On August 2, 2007, claimants filed a reply to Murrays counterclaims, an opposition to Murrays motion to dismiss claimants amended statement of claim and a motion to dismiss two of Murrays counterclaims (the counterclaim seeking damages for breach of contract in connection with Murrays claim that he had been promised an option to purchase two percent of Rodman for book value and the counterclaim seeking damages for defamation) as well as his claims for declaratory relief. On or about August 31, 2007, Murray filed an opposition to claimants motion to dismiss his counterclaims and claims for declaratory relief, as well as a reply in further support of his motion to dismiss the amended statement of claim. On December 6, 2007, claimants filed a reply in further support of their motion to dismiss the second and third counterclaims asserted by Murray. On January 14, 2008, claimants filed a second amended statement of claim. On January 16, 2008, Murray filed an answer and motion to dismiss the second amended statement of claim. In December 2007 and January 2008, the Panel denied both parties motions to dismiss.
Trial hearings began in December 2008, continued in January and March 2009 and have been scheduled for April and June, 2009.
Although the Company believes that claimants will prevail on their claims and that they have meritorious defenses to Murrays counterclaims, the Company is not in a position at this stage to predict or assess the likely outcome of these proceedings.
As a result of allegations by Murray that R&R terminated him in violation of NASD Rule 2711 (Rule 2711) and SEC Regulation AC (Reg AC) in retaliation for his desire to downgrade an issuer that he provided research coverage on, the Committee on Finance of the U.S. Senate (SFC) and the SEC commenced inquiries, the AG issued a subpoena and FINRA initiated an investigation.
The SFC, by letter dated May 25, 2006 from its former chairman, Senator Charles E. Grassley (Grassley), requested that the Companys Chairman make himself available for an interview with Grassleys staff and respond to certain questions in connection with Murrays termination. By letter of the same date, Grassley, along with Senator Max Baucus, who was at that time the ranking member of the SFC, wrote to Christopher Cox, then chairman of the SEC, asking the SEC to conduct a comprehensive and thorough examination into the Companys termination of Murray. Both the letter to the Company and the letter to Cox reference possible violations of Rule 2711 and Reg AC. The Company responded to the letter from Grassley and the Companys Chairman voluntarily appeared for an interview by Grassleys staff in July 2006. The last written correspondence from Grassleys offices to the Company with respect to this matter occurred in September 2006. Neither former chairman Grassley nor the SFC has contacted the Company since that date, and the SFC has not, to the Companys knowledge, issued any subpoena in connection with its inquiry.
By letter dated March 27, 2006, the SEC advised the Company that it was undertaking an inquiry of the Company and it requested that the Company produce documents in connection with that inquiry. Although the letter from the SEC does not specifically reference either Rule 2711 or Reg AC, the documents they requested and the Companys counsels conversation with the SEC staff indicated that the focus of the inquiry was Mr. Murrays allegations. The Company responded to the SEC inquiry and produced responsive documents to the SEC. In addition, the Company produced its chief compliance officer for an interview at the SEC.
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RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
By letter dated April 18, 2007, the SEC advised the Company that its inquiry had been terminated and that no enforcement action had been recommended.
On or about July 7, 2006, the AG served the Company with a subpoena containing a number of requests for information and documents concerning, among other things, the termination of Murray. The subpoena does not specifically reference either Rule 2711 or Reg AC. The Company produced documents and information responsive to the subpoena (including all of the documents that the Company also had previously provided to the SEC). To the Companys knowledge, the AG has not interviewed any of the Companys employees and the Company has not received any communication from the AG since the end of August 2006.
By letter dated April 10, 2006, FINRA advised the Company that it was reviewing matters related to the circumstances surrounding the termination of the former employee and requested that the Company produce documents in connection with that review. By letter dated April 11, 2006, FINRA withdrew its request, to avoid regulatory duplication, upon learning that the SEC was also reviewing the same events. However, in 2007 the Company received certain letters from FINRA requesting certain information, documentation and interviews. The Company produced all information and documentation requested, complied with the request for interviews and continues to cooperate fully with FINRAs investigation. The Company has not received any further communication from FINRA since December 2007.
Employment Agreements
On December 22, 2006, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its Chairman that provides for an annual base salary of $250,000, as well as additional compensation as defined in the agreement. Effective June 26, 2007, the employment agreement with the Chairman was modified to eliminate a bonus that was based on net income.
On March 1, 2007, the Company entered into three-year employment agreements with three senior managing directors of the Broker-Dealer who are also senior executives of the Company and members of its board of directors (the Board). Under the terms of the agreements, which commenced on March 1, 2007 and continue until February 28, 2010, unless extended or earlier terminated in accordance with their terms, the Company is required to pay annual base salaries of $150,000 to each executive ($450,000 in the aggregate), plus incentive compensation under a bonus plan. The bonus for these executives will be calculated at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board, based upon the overall revenue and profits of the Company for each fiscal year commencing on or after January 1, 2007, as well as, the overall productivity of each executive as determined by the Compensation Committee, subject to the Companys total compensation and benefits expense with respect to all employees, which includes cash and non-cash compensation but does not include equity based compensation granted prior to September 30, 2007 and insurance premiums paid in respect of key man life insurance policies for the Companys benefit, for the fiscal year not exceeding 55% of cash revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the compensation expense for these three individuals was $450,000 and $4,611,000, respectively.
In August 2007, the Company entered into an employment agreement with its chief executive officer (CEO), Michael Lacovara. For the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, compensation expense to the CEO under this agreement was $857,500 and $467,788, respectively. The Company granted to Mr. Lacovara under his employment agreement 750,000 stock options and 750,000 restricted stocks in 2007 and 71,429 shares of restriced stocks and 58,163 RSUs in 2008. On February 9, 2009, the Company announced that Edward Rubin, the president and a co-founder of the Company, would succeed Mr. Lacovara as CEO (see Note 17).
Executive Bonus Plan
In August 2007, the Compensation Committee and the Board unanimously approved the Companys Executive Bonus Plan. The Executive Bonus Plan was subsequently ratified by the Companys stockholders on August 31, 2007. The Executive Bonus Plan replaced and superseded the previously existing bonus plan that had been included in the employment agreements with three senior executives of the Company. The material terms of the Executive Bonus Plan are as follows: (i) the plan is for a term of five years; (ii) the initial participants are four of the Companys senior executives; (iii) all awards under the Executive Bonus Plan are determined by the
F-28
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Compensation Committee in its sole and absolute discretion; (iv) no participant may receive, in any single year, an amount exceeding 25% of the Companys consolidated cash revenues for that year; and (v) in no event shall the Companys total compensation and benefits expense for any fiscal year, after taking into account the aggregate amount awarded under the Executive Bonus Plan (but excluding any equity compensation granted by the Company prior to September 30, 2007), exceed 60% of the Companys total consolidated revenues for such fiscal year.
NOTE 12 - Net Capital Requirements
R&R is subject to various regulatory requirements, including the SECs Uniform Net Capital Rule (SEC Rule 15c3-1). These regulations place limitations on certain transactions, such as repaying subordinated borrowings, paying cash dividends, and making loans to a parent, affiliates or employees. Broker-dealers are prohibited from such transactions which would result in a reduction of its total net capital to less than 120% of its required minimum net capital. Moreover, broker-dealers are required to notify the SEC before entering into any such transactions, which if executed, would result in a reduction of 30% or more of its excess net capital (net capital less the minimum requirement). The SEC has the ability to prohibit or restrict such transactions if the result is detrimental to the financial integrity of the broker-dealer.
At December 31, 2008, the R&R had net capital of $8,361,323, which was $8,111,323 in excess of its required net capital of $250,000.
NOTE 13 - Income Taxes
Through the Exchange Date, the Company was an LLC, subject to UBT income taxes at a 4% effective tax rate. For the short year that began on July 11, 2007 and ended December 31, 2007, the Company was subject to Federal, New York State, and New York City corporate income taxes, at an estimated 45% combined effective tax rate. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company filed partnership tax returns for the period that began on January 1, 2007 and ended on the Exchange Date, and the Company filed corporate tax returns for the period that began on July 11, 2007 and ended December 31, 2007. For the year 2008, the Company expanded its operations in several states through the acquisition of COSCO, which requires the Company to file state tax returns in several state jurisdictions in addition to New York State and New York City.
In connection with the Exchange, the Company entered into a Tax Indemnification Agreement with Revere, RRCG, and the stockholders of RRCG (the Indemnitees) pursuant to which the Company agreed to indemnify the Indemnitees for any increased taxes attributable to any adjustment to Holdings tax returns through the Exchange Date. The Company believes that the likelihood of any payment under the indemnification agreement is remote.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, the current and deferred amount of income tax expense (benefit) in the statement of operations are comprised of the following:
For the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||
Current: | |||||||||
Federal | | | | ||||||
States & City | $ | 224,194 | $ | 639,287 | $ | 552,290 | |||
Total current tax expense (benefit) | 224,194 | 639,287 | 552,290 | ||||||
Deferred: | |||||||||
Federal | 1,486,232 | (501,502 | ) | | |||||
States & City | 772,068 | (577,851 | ) | 327,100 | |||||
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) | 2,258,300 | (1,079,353 | ) | 327,100 | |||||
Total income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 2,482,494 | $ | (440,066 | ) | $ | 879,390 |
F-29
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
A reconciliation of total income taxes and the amount computed by applying the applicable federal income tax rate to earnings before income taxes follows:
For the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Computed expected tax at 34% statutory rate | $ | (11,884,543 | ) | $ | 1,450,543 | $ | 5,777,947 | ||||
Increase in taxes resulting from: | |||||||||||
Non-deductible expenses and non-taxable income, net | 63,792 | 3,501,357 | 624,757 | ||||||||
State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit | (2,123,647 | ) | (5,833,552 | ) | (5,777 804 | ) | |||||
Reversal of tax provisions | | (444,341 | ) | | |||||||
Contribution of income taxes benefit from the Exchange | | 957,100 | | ||||||||
Other items | 887,395 | (71,173 | ) | 251,490 | |||||||
Valuation allowance | 15,539,497 | | | ||||||||
Total | $ |
2,482,494 | $ | (440,066 | ) | $ | 879,390 |
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are presented below:
December | December | ||||||
31, 2008 | 31, 2007 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets: | |||||||
Stock based compensation | $ | 3,444,388 | $ | 1,308,424 | |||
Intangible assets | 8,808,997 | | |||||
Depreciation | 216,746 | | |||||
Unrealized gain or loss on investments | 114,050 | 87,634 | |||||
Accrued expenses | 805,354 | | |||||
Net operating carryforwards | 3,621,417 | 1,790,202 | |||||
Other carryovers | 6,556 | ||||||
17,017,508 | 3,186,260 | ||||||
Valuation allowance | (15,539,497 | ) | | ||||
1,478,011 | 3,186,260 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: | |||||||
Unrealized Gains | (1,478,011 | ) | (927,959 | ) | |||
(1,478,011 | ) | (927,959 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax asset | $ | | $ | 2,258,301 |
In determining the possible future realization of deferred tax assets, the future taxable income from the following sources is taken into account: (a) the reversal of taxable temporary differences, (b) future operations exclusive of reversing temporary differences and (c) tax planning strategies that, if necessary, would be implemented to accelerate taxable income into years in which net operating losses might otherwise expire.
The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $15.5 million against the deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2008, after considering all available evidence and potential tax-planning strategies related to the amount of the tax asset that is more likely than not to be realized.
The Company has federal carryforwards of $8.6 million, expiring after 2027 through 2028, and state carryforward of $14.2 million, with $0.2 million expiring after 2013 and $14 million expiring after 2027 through 2028.
The Company does not anticipate any change in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next twelve months.
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RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 14 - Distributions to Members
On February 28, 2007, Holding distributed to its members, Revere and R&R Capital, 85% of its beneficial interest in certain warrants and other securities that were valued at approximately $10.1 million at that date.
On March 16, 2007, and April 27, 2007, the Company distributed cash of approximately $10.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively, to its members, Revere and R&R Capital.
Prior to the Exchange, on July 9, 2007, Holding distributed $5.0 million, and subsequently accrued an additional $1.4 million for distributions, to its members, Revere and R&R Capital, representing the members projected income tax liability on Holdings taxable income for the Short Year, based on the maximum combined Federal, New York State and New York City income tax rate of 45.498% . The total amount was paid during 2008.
NOTE 15 - Equity
Stock-Based Compensation
On April 1, 2006, the Company granted an employee a ten-year option to purchase 229,885 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 and a fair value of $304,873.
On April 1, 2006, the Company granted three employees five-year options to purchase in aggregate 344,827 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 and a fair value of $428,965.
On June 28, 2006, the Company granted three employees five-year options to purchase 689,655 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share and a fair value of $876,552.
On December 1, 2006, the Company granted an employee a five-year option to purchase 234,577 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share and a fair value of $505,537.
On December 22, 2006, in connection with the employment agreement between the Company and its Chairman, the Company granted the Chairman a five-year option to purchase 229,885 shares at an exercise price of $7.00 per share and a fair value of $494,965.
The fair value of the above awards was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions: risk free interest rate - 4.95%; expected dividend yield - 0%; expected option life - 3.97 years; and volatility - 37%.
On May 22, 2007, the Company granted five year options to employees to purchase 919,541 shares of its membership units, at an exercise price of $8.24, vesting over a three year term. Using a Black-Scholes model, the options were valued at $2,013,795, assuming a risk free interest rate of 4.76%, weighted average expected life of 3.5 years, and an expected volatility of 33%.
In the Exchange, the above 2,848,370 outstanding options held by employees having exercise prices ranging from $0.41 to $8.24 were exchanged for options to acquire up to 5,278,072 shares of the Companys common stock having exercise prices ranging from $0.22 to $4.45 per share. In addition, options held by two employees to purchase an aggregate of 796,583 shares of common stock of the Company became immediately vested and options held by four employees to purchase an aggregate of 1,384,435 shares of the Companys common stock became eligible to fully vest after one-year following the date of the Exchange.
In October 2007, the Company granted ten year options to purchase 10,000 shares of its common stock to each of the six outside independent members of its Board as compensation for services, with an exercise price of $5.00 per share, vesting over a three-year period and expiring in 2017. In addition, 750,000 options were granted in September 2007 to its new chief executive officer as part of an employment agreement with an exercise price of $5.00 per share, vesting over a three-year period and expiring in 2017. Using a Black-Scholes model, the options
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RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
were valued at $1,674,351, assuming a risk free interest rate of 4.66%, weighted average expected life of six years and an expected volatility of 33%.
From February 4 though March 17, 2008, the Company granted a total of 1,470,238 restricted shares to employees.
From May 23 through June 2, 2008, the Company granted to certain new employees a total of 3,252,338 performance and service based RSUs in two tranches. In the first tranche, the Company granted 2,877,338 RSUs which vest over a 20 month period; in the second tranche, the Company granted 375,000 of RSUs which vest over a 27 month period. Both series have sale restrictions until August 2010. The fair value of these RSUs is net of a 52% discount for lack of marketability based on a protective put method model.
In August 2008, the Company granted to certain employees a total of 807,842 performance and service based RSUs. The RSUs vest over a three year period and have sale restrictions for an additional two years subsequent to vesting. The fair value of these RSUs is net of a 49% discount, for lack of marketability based on a protective put method model.
In October 2008, the Company granted to certain employees and directors a total of 1,858,502 performance and service based RSUs. The RSUs granted to employees vest over a three year period while RSUs granted to directors vest immediately. All RSUs have sale restrictions for an additional two years subsequent to vesting. The fair value of these RSUs is net of a 63% discount, for lack of marketability based on a protective put method model.
The Company recorded $5,604,576, $2,541,193 and $366,415 of stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The unamortized deferred stock-based compensation balance as of December 31, 2008 amounts to $8,831,174 and will be fully amortized through 2011.
A summary of options (with retroactive effect given for the Exchange) outstanding as of December 31, 2008 is as follows:
Stock Options | Weighted | Weighted | |||||||||||
Weighted | Average | Average | |||||||||||
Number | Average | Grant | Remaining | Aggregate | |||||||||
of | Exercise | Date | Contractual | Intrinsic | |||||||||
Options | Price | Fair Value | Life | Value | |||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2005 | 370,603 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.10 | ||||||||
Granted | 3,203,546 | 3.78 | 0.82 | ||||||||||
Exercised | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Canceled | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2006 | 3,574,149 | 3,41 | 0.74 | ||||||||||
Granted | 2,513,923 | 4.63 | 1.47 | ||||||||||
Exercised | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Canceled | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2007 | 6,088,072 | 3.91 | $ | 1.04 | |||||||||
Granted | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Exercised | 150,000 | 0.22 | - | ||||||||||
Canceled | (860,655 | ) | 3.78 | - | |||||||||
Outstanding at December 31, 2008 | 5,077,417 | $ | 4.04 | $ | 1.09 | 4.3 Years | $ | 141,027 | |||||
Exercisable at December 31, 2008 | 3,721,627 | $ | 3.79 | $ | 0.87 | 3.7 Years | $ | 141,027 |
The fair value of all option grants are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during 2008 was $95,892. No cash was received from the exercise of stock options by employees during 2008.
F-32
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Total compensation cost associated with stock options was $2,161,996, $2,136,981 and $366,415 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
The following tables detail the activity of restricted stock:
Restricted Stock | Weighted | ||||
Average | |||||
Number | Grant | ||||
of | Date | ||||
Shares | Fair Value | ||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 | - | $ | - | ||
Granted | 750,000 | 5.00 | |||
Forfeited | - | - | |||
Vested | - | - | |||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | 750,000 | 5.00 | |||
Granted | 1,470,238 | 2.27 | |||
RSU conversion | (1,326,587 | ) | 3.80 | ||
Forfeited | (329,365 | ) | 2.28 | ||
Vested | (132,341 | ) | 2.28 | ||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | 431,945 | $ | 2.31 |
Total compensation cost associated with restricted stock was $2,215,479 and $404,212 in 2008 and 2007, respectively.
The following tables detail the activity of restricted stock units:
Restricted Stock Units | Weighted | |||
Average | ||||
Number | Grant | |||
of | Date | |||
Shares | Fair Value | |||
Balance at December 31, 2007 | - | $ | - | |
Granted | 5,918,683 | 0.83 | ||
Restricted stock conversion | 1,326,587 | 0.62 | ||
Forfeited | - | - | ||
Vested | - | - | ||
Balance at December 31, 2008 | 7,245,270 | $ | 0.79 |
Total compensation cost associated with RSUs was $1,227,101 in 2008.
As of December 31, 2008, there was $7,392,236 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non vested restricted shares and RSUs awards, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average vesting period of approximately 1.8 years.
Public Offering
On July 19, 2007, the Company filed a Registration Statement on Form S-1 with the SEC (the Registration Statement). As amended, the Registration Statement covered (i) 9.2 million shares of Common Stock to be sold by the Company in an underwritten public offering including up to 1.2 million shares covered by an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters (the Offering) and (ii) the resale of 7,325,699 shares of Common Stock held by the former holders of the Debentures, including 1,355,600 shares underlying the warrants issued to them in the Exchange. The Registration Statement was declared effective on October 16, 2007 and the Offering closed on October 19, 2007 resulting in net proceeds to the Company of 36.3 million, after taking into account the undewriting discount of $2,800,000 but excluding other offering expenses totaling $929,194 which is recorded as a reduction of additional paid-in capital in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The shares registered on behalf of the former holders of the Debenture are subject to 180-day lock-up agreements with the underwriters that expire on April 13, 2008.
2007 Stock and Incentive Plan
In August 2007, the Compensation Committee and the Board unanimously approved the Companys 2007 Stock and Incentive Plan (the Plan). The Plan was approved by the Companys stockholders on August 31, 2007. The material terms of the Plan are as follows: (i) the Plan is administered by a committee made up entirely of independent directors; (ii) all employees and directors of and consultants to the Company and its subsidiaries are eligible to receive awards under the Plan; (iii) 5,250,000 shares of Common Stock are reserved for issuance under the Plan; (iv) awards granted pursuant to the Plan include incentive and non-qualified options and restricted stock grants; (v) no participant may receive in any one year awards covering more than 2,000,000 shares of Common Stock; (vi) in the case of option grants, the exercise price may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant; and (vii) no award may be granted more than 10 years after the date of the Plan.
NOTE 16 Weighted Average Shares Outstanding
The table below reconciles weighted average number of common shares outstanding, basic and diluted, for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006:
F-33
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Year Ended December 31, | |||||
2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||
Common shares outstanding, basic | 33,375,012 | 23,039,216 | 18,159,547 | ||
Common shares upon exercise of options | - | 920,531 | 325,141 | ||
Common shares upon exercise of warrants | - | 47,020 | - | ||
Common shares upon vesting of non-vested shares | - | 17,130 | - | ||
Common shares upon vesting of non-vested RSUs | - | - | - | ||
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding, diluted | 33,375,012 | 24,023,897 | 18,484,688 |
Due to the fact the Company had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2008, the outstanding shares for calculation of basic EPS and diluted EPS for that period are the same.
NOTE 17 Subsequent Events
On February 9, 2009, the Company announced that Edward Rubin, the president and a co-founder of the Company, would succeed Michael Lacovara as CEO.
In accordance with the terms of his employment agreement, in February 2009 the Company paid Mr. Lacovara a termination payment of $475,000. In addition, upon termination of Mr. Lacovaras employment, all share based awards previously granted to him, which included a total of 879,605 RSUs and 750,000 stock options, immediately vested and are subject to the exercise and settlement provisions of the respective grant agreements. The vesting of the share based awards resulted in a 2009 expense of approximately $3.2 million.
F-34
RODMAN & RENSHAW CAPITAL GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
NOTE 18 Selected Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)
The following is a summary of unaudited quarterly statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007:
First | Second | Third | Fourth | |||||||||||
2008 | ||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 15,181,012 | $ | 29,532,060 | $ | 8,562,636 | $ | (4,087,312 | ) | |||||
Operating income (loss) | 2,084,728 | 10,165,650 | (4,265,051 | ) | (42,939,868 | ) | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 1,097,443 | 6,004,106 | (2,850,341 | ) | (41,688,243 | ) | ||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 1,097,443 | $ | 6,004,106 | $ | (2,850,341 | ) | $ | (41,688,243 | ) | ||||
Earnings (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||||
Basic: | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | ||||
Diluted: | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.08 | ) | $ | (1.23 | ) | ||||
Weighted average number of shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding: | ||||||||||||||
Basic | 32,927,297 | 32,989,283 | 33,732,827 | 33,824,319 | ||||||||||
Diluted | 33,244,200 | 34,109,190 | 33,732,827 | 33,824,319 | ||||||||||
2007 | ||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 19,622,726 | $ | 26,310,977 | $ | 9,645,435 | $ | 14,390,878 | ||||||
Operating income (loss) | 6,817,818 | 4,211,403 | 230,619 | (3,186,099 | ) | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | 6,658,922 | 3,225,573 | (3,597,669 | ) | (1,544,589 | ) | ||||||||
Income (loss) from discontinued operations | 161,940 | (19,330 | ) | (97,522 | ) | (28,492 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 6,820,862 | $ | 3,206,243 | $ | (3,695,191 | ) | $ | (1,573,081 | ) | ||||
Earnings (loss) per share: | ||||||||||||||
Basic: | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.01 | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.38 | $ | 0.18 | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Diluted: | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.16 | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Income from discontinued operations | 0.01 | - | - | - | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.16 | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | ||||
Weighted average number of shares | ||||||||||||||
outstanding: | ||||||||||||||
Basic | 18,159,147 | 18,159,147 | 24,330,826 | 31,347,826 | ||||||||||
Diluted | 20,188,205 | 24,218,617 | 24,330,826 | 31,347,826 |
F-35