10-K
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ý Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2015 or
¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Commission file number 1-8002
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
04-2209186
(State of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
81 Wyman Street
 
Waltham, Massachusetts
02451
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (781) 622-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
 
 
Common Stock, $1.00 par value
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
 
1.500% Notes due 2020
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
 
2.150% Notes due 2022
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
 
2.000% Notes due 2025
 
New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý  No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o  No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý  No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ý                Accelerated filer o                Non-accelerated filer o                Smaller reporting company o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No ý
As of June 26, 2015, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant was approximately $52,614,285,000 (based on the last reported sale of common stock on the New York Stock Exchange Composite Tape reporting system on June 26, 2015).
As of February 6, 2016, the Registrant had 396,261,928 shares of Common Stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Sections of Thermo Fisher’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2016 Annual Meeting of Shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts II and III of this report.


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
Page
 
PART I
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 1B.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
PART II
 
 
 
 
Item 5.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
 
Item 7.
 
 
 
Item 7A.
 
 
 
Item 8.
 
 
 
Item 9.
 
 
 
Item 9A.
 
 
 
Item 9B.
 
 
 
 
PART III
 
 
 
 
Item 10.
 
 
 
Item 11.
 
 
 
Item 12.
 
 
 
Item 13.
 
 
 
Item 14.
 
 
 
 
PART IV
 
 
 
 
Item 15.

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THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

PART I
Item 1.
Business
General Development of Business
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (also referred to in this document as “Thermo Fisher,” “we,” the “company,” or the “registrant”) is the world leader in serving science. Our mission is to enable our customers to make the world healthier, cleaner and safer. We help our customers accelerate life sciences research, solve complex analytical challenges, improve patient diagnostics and increase laboratory productivity.
Thermo Fisher has approximately 52,000 employees and serves more than 400,000 customers within pharmaceutical and biotech companies, hospitals and clinical diagnostic labs, universities, research institutions and government agencies, as well as environmental, industrial quality and process control settings.
We serve our customers through our premier brands, Thermo Scientific, Applied Biosystems, Invitrogen, Fisher Scientific and Unity Lab Services:
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The Thermo Scientific brand offers customers in research, diagnostics, industrial, and applied markets a complete range of high-end analytical instruments as well as laboratory equipment, software, services, consumables and reagents. Our portfolio of products includes innovative technologies for mass spectrometry, chromatography, elemental analysis, molecular spectroscopy, sample preparation, informatics, chemical research and analysis, cell culture, bioprocess production, cellular, protein and molecular biology research, allergy testing, drugs-of-abuse testing, therapeutic drug monitoring testing, microbiology, anatomical pathology, as well as environmental monitoring and process control.
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The Applied Biosystems brand offers customers in research, clinical and applied markets integrated instrument systems, reagents, and software for genetic analysis. Our portfolio includes innovative technologies for genetic sequencing and real-time, digital and end point polymerase chain reaction (PCR), that are used to determine meaningful genetic information in applications such as cancer diagnostics, human identification testing, and animal health, as well as inherited and infectious disease.
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The Invitrogen brand offers life science customers a broad range of consumables and instruments that accelerate research and ensure consistency of results. Our portfolio of products includes innovative solutions for cellular analysis and biology, flow cytometry, cell culture, protein expression, synthetic biology, molecular biology and protein biology.
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Fisher Scientific is our channels brand, offering customers a complete portfolio of laboratory equipment, chemicals, supplies and services used in scientific research, healthcare, safety, and education markets. These products are offered through an extensive network of direct sales professionals, industry-specific catalogs, e-commerce capabilities and supply-chain management services. We also offer a range of biopharma services for clinical trials management and biospecimen storage.
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Unity Lab Services is our services brand, offering a complete portfolio of services from enterprise level engagements to individual instruments and laboratory equipment, regardless of the original manufacturer. Through our network of world-class service and support personnel, we provide services that are designed to help our customers improve productivity, reduce costs, and drive decisions with better data.
We continuously increase our depth of capabilities in technologies, software and services, and leverage our extensive global channels to address our customers’ emerging needs. Our goal is to make our customers more productive in an increasingly competitive business environment, and to allow them to solve their challenges, from complex research to improved patient care, environmental and process monitoring, and consumer safety.
Thermo Fisher is a Delaware corporation and was incorporated in 1956. The company completed its initial public offering in 1967 and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1980.
Forward-looking Statements
Forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), are made throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “expects,” “seeks,” “estimates,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. While the company may elect to update forward-looking statements in the future, it specifically disclaims any

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Business (continued)

obligation to do so, even if the company’s estimates change, and readers should not rely on those forward-looking statements as representing the company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of the filing of this report.
A number of important factors could cause the results of the company to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements, including those detailed under the heading, “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A.
Business Segments and Products
We report our business in four segments – Life Sciences Solutions, Analytical Instruments, Specialty Diagnostics, and Laboratory Products and Services. For financial information about these segments, including domestic and international operations, see Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which begin on page F-1 of this report.
Life Sciences Solutions Segment
Through our Life Sciences Solutions segment, we provide an extensive portfolio of reagents, instruments and consumables used in biological and medical research, discovery and production of new drugs and vaccines as well as diagnosis of disease. These products and services are used by customers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agricultural, clinical, academic, and government markets. Life Sciences Solutions includes three primary businesses – Biosciences, Genetic Sciences and Next-Generation Sequencing, and BioProduction.
Biosciences
Our biosciences business includes reagents, instruments and consumables that help our customers conduct biological and medical research, discover new drugs and vaccines, and, in the case of some specific products, the diagnosis of disease.
Our biosciences offerings include:
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Reagents, instruments, and consumables used for protein biology, molecular biology, and cell imaging and analysis. The portfolio includes antibodies and products for protein purification, detection, modification, and analysis; and sequencing, detection and purification products used for high content analysis of nucleic acids. Many of these products are also used in applied markets, including agriculture, forensics, diagnostics product development, and toxicology research.
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Tools used for genetic engineering, amplification, quantification and analysis as well as RNA isolation, including stem cell reprogramming kits, transfection reagents, RNA interference reagents, along with gene editing tools and gene synthesis products.
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Cell culture media and reagents for preserving and growing mammalian cells which are used in many life science research applications.
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Fluorescence-based technologies, which facilitate the labeling of molecules for biological research and drug discovery. These technologies include a wide range of cell analysis instruments, including flow cytometers and imaging platforms that enable fluorescence microscopy.
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Protein analysis products, including pre-cast electrophoresis gels for separating nucleic acids and proteins, and western blotting and staining tools.
Genetic Sciences and Next-Generation Sequencing
Our genetic, medical and applied sciences business combines a wide variety of instruments and related reagents used to analyze DNA across a broad range of applications in research, clinical and applied markets.
Our genetic, medical and applied sciences offerings include:
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Capillary electrophoresis (CE), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms and reagents. These products are used to discover sources of genetic and epigenetic variation, to catalog the DNA structure of organisms, and to verify the composition of genetic research material. In addition to research, these genetic analysis techniques are used in diverse applied markets including human identification (HID), animal health and food safety. For example, in HID we provide our instrument platforms and reagents to forensic laboratories that analyze DNA recovered from crime scenes. Primary customers include the FBI and police departments around the world. Our technologies are also used in numerous clinical research and diagnostic applications with a focus on cancer and inherited disease. These applications include molecular diagnostics, diagnostic development, clinical and translational research, and public health monitoring.

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PCR and real-time PCR systems, reagents and assays that enable researchers to amplify and detect targeted nucleic acids (DNA and RNA molecules) for a host of applications in molecular biology.
BioProduction
Our bioproduction business supports developers and manufacturers of biological-based therapeutics and vaccines with a portfolio of premium solutions and services focused on upstream cell culture, downstream purification, analytics for detection and quantitation of process/product impurities, and a suite of single-use solutions spanning the biologics workflow.
Our bioproduction offerings include:
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Single-use bioproduction solutions that provide our customers with faster turnaround and set-up times, minimal validation requirements, reduced investment and running costs, and increased flexibility of manufacturing capacity.
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Production cell culture media solutions, which are used by leading biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to grow cells in controlled conditions and enable large scale cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Processes) manufacturing of drugs and vaccines. We also provide our customers with the associated services to optimize the productivity of these production platforms.
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Chromatography products, which deliver unmatched capacity and resolution for process-scale bioseparations, and offer a broad set of scalable options for the purification of antibodies, antibody fragments and proteins.
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Rapid molecular products that deliver accurate results in less than four hours for contaminant detection, identification and quantitation.
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Scalable solutions for the manufacture of cell therapy based drugs.
Analytical Instruments Segment
Through our Analytical Instruments segment, we provide a broad offering of instruments, consumables, software and services that are used for a range of applications in the laboratory, on the production line and in the field. These products and services are used by customers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, government, environmental and other research and industrial markets, as well as the clinical laboratory. This segment includes three primary businesses – Chromatography and Analytical Technologies, Mass Spectrometry, and Chemical Analysis.
Chromatography and Analytical Technologies
Our chromatography and analytical technologies business provides analytical instrumentation for organic and inorganic sample analysis. These products are complemented by laboratory information management systems (LIMS); chromatography data systems (CDS); database analytical tools; automation systems; and a range of consumables, such as a full line of chromatography columns.
Chromatography is a technique for separating, identifying and quantifying individual chemical components of substances based on their specific physical and chemical characteristics. Our chromatography product line includes high performance liquid chromatography, ion chromatography and gas chromatography systems, all of which are supported by our Chromeleon chromatography data system software. Our comprehensive array of consumables and environmental sampling products complete the workflow solution.
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Liquid Chromatography (LC) Systems analyze complex sample matrices in liquids. Our high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) systems offer high throughput and sensitivity and are sold either as stand-alone systems or integrated with our mass spectrometers (LC/MS and LC/MS/MS). These systems are used for a range of applications, from complex proteomic analyses to routine industrial QA/QC.
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Ion Chromatography (IC) Systems separate ionic (charged) or highly polar molecules (e.g., sugars and carbohydrates), usually found in water-based solutions, and typically detect them based on their electrical conductivity. Our IC products are used in a wide range of applications, including scientific research, and environmental testing, as well as quality control in pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and other industrial processes.
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Gas Chromatography (GC) Systems analyze complex sample matrices in gases, comprising both separation and detection technology. Separation technology is common to all gas chromatography analyzers, and is paired with either a conventional detector (GC) or with different types of mass spectrometers (GC/MS). Our GC/MS offering includes a triple stage quadrupole, a single stage quadrupole, and an ion trap, for a range of applications, including food safety testing, quantitative screening of environmental samples, and complex molecular analyses.

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Elemental Analysis Spectrometers use atomic spectroscopy techniques to identify trace concentrations of elements in liquid and solid samples primarily in environmental, petrochemical, food safety, metallurgical, geochemical and clinical/toxicology research applications. These products are widely used in growth markets such as China, India and Latin America to support compliance with increasingly stringent international environmental and consumer safety regulations.
Mass Spectrometry
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique for analyzing chemical compounds, individually or in complex mixtures, by forming charged ions that are then analyzed according to their mass-to-charge ratios. In addition to molecular information, each discrete chemical compound generates a pattern that provides structurally identifiable information. Our comprehensive offering includes life sciences mass spectrometry systems; and inorganic mass spectrometry systems; as well as a range of sample preparation and separation products including auto-samplers and multiplexing systems.
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Life Sciences Mass Spectrometers include three major product lines: triple quadrupole, ion trap and hybrid systems. Our triple quadrupole systems provide high performance quantitative analysis of chemicals in biological fluids, environmental samples and food matrices. They are also used by the pharmaceutical industry for targeted quantitation during drug discovery. Our ion trap systems are used for in-depth structural analysis of large biomolecules, such as proteins, as well as structural characterization of small molecules, such as drugs and drug metabolites. Our hybrid (LC/MS/MS) mass spectrometers combine linear ion trap, quadrupole and Orbitrap technologies to provide high resolution and accurate mass capabilities for both research and applied markets and are well suited for drug metabolism, proteomics, environmental analysis, food safety, toxicology and clinical research applications. We also offer a comprehensive portfolio of instrument control and data analysis software to help customers simplify their workflows and obtain knowledge from often complex data.
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Inorganic Mass Spectrometers include four product lines: isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS); multi-collector mass spectrometry (MC/IRMS); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS); and high resolution trace mass spectrometry (HR Trace/MS). These products are primarily used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic matter in a range of applications, including environmental analysis, materials science and earth sciences.
Chemical Analysis
Our chemical analysis products fall into five main categories: materials and minerals; molecular spectroscopy; portable analytical instruments; radiation measurement and security instruments; and environmental and process instruments. Customers use these products to quickly and accurately analyze the composition of materials to optimize workflows in academic, life sciences, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications or to help them comply with governmental regulations and industry safety standards. Our product lines range from those used in the laboratory for research or forensics, to those used on the production line to improve quality and efficiency, to portable systems for rapid and real-time identification in the field or to analyze, measure or respond to hazardous situations.
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Materials and Minerals Instruments include bench-top, production line, and stand-alone systems for a range of industrial applications. For example, our laboratory elemental analyzers use X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and arc spark optical emission (OES) techniques for accurate and precise analysis of bulk materials in the metals, cement, minerals, and petrochemicals industries. We also offer on line analyzers that employ neutron activation and measurement of gamma rays to analyze bulk materials non-invasively and in real time, as well as systems that enable high-speed weighing during bulk materials handling. We also offer gauging systems that employ ionizing and non-ionizing technologies to measure the total thickness, basis weight and coating thickness of flat-sheet materials, such as steel, plastics, foil, rubber and glass. We also offer on line analyzers based on a variety of technologies such as X-ray imaging and ultra-trace chemical detection, to inspect packaged goods for physical contaminants, validate fill quantities, or check for missing or broken parts on line and at high speeds in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical production and packaging industries to maintain safety and quality standards.
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Molecular Spectroscopy Instruments are divided into five primary techniques: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, near-infrared (NIR), ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These technologies are typically used in the laboratory to provide information on the structure of molecules to identify, verify and quantify organic materials in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, polymer, chemical, and forensic sciences. Our material characterization instruments include rheometers and extruders that measure viscosity, elasticity, processability, and temperature-related mechanical changes of various materials. We also provide a range of surface analysis instruments commonly used in the semiconductor, metals, coatings, and polymer industries as a product development and failure analysis tool.

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Portable Analytical Instruments are rugged handheld products that provide rapid, precise, real-time analysis at the point of need. Our two main product categories are elemental and optical analyzers. Our portable elemental analyzers use XRF technology for identifying metal alloys in scrap metal recycling; QA/QC; precious metals analysis; environmental analysis; and lead screening in a range of consumer products. Our portable optical analyzers utilize Raman, FTIR and NIR technologies for use in the field by first responders, and law enforcement and military personnel who need to quickly and accurately identify chemicals and explosives in critical safety and security situations. Other applications include QA/QC in pharmaceutical production and identification of counterfeit drugs.
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Radiation Measurement and Security Products are used to monitor, detect and identify specific forms of radiation and trace explosives in nuclear power, environmental, industrial, medical, and security applications. Our primary customers include national, regional, and local government agencies responsible for monitoring cargo, vehicles and people traveling across borders. These products are also used by first-responders in safety and security situations, and for worker safety in the nuclear power and other industrial markets.
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Environmental and Process Instruments include fixed and portable instrumentation that help our customers protect people and the environment as well as comply with government regulations and industry safety standards. Our products are used by environmental regulatory agencies and power plant operators to measure ambient air, stack gas emissions, and particulates in compliance with regulated emissions standards. Our products are also used in process monitoring applications by customers in natural gas, petrochemical, refining, bioprocessing, and a wide variety of other industrial markets to provide measurements that improve efficiency, provide process and quality control, and increase worker safety.
In addition to our broad product offerings, we offer a variety of specialized services to our customers through our Unity Lab Services team, including equipment servicing, instrument calibration services, asset management and training.
Specialty Diagnostics Segment
Our Specialty Diagnostics segment offers a wide range of diagnostic test kits, reagents, culture media, instruments and associated products in order to serve customers in healthcare, clinical, pharmaceutical, industrial, and food safety laboratories. Our healthcare products are used to increase the speed and accuracy of diagnoses, which improves patient care in a more cost efficient manner. This segment has six primary businesses – Clinical Diagnostics, ImmunoDiagnostics, Microbiology, Anatomical Pathology, Transplant Diagnostics and our Healthcare Market Channel.
Clinical Diagnostics
Our clinical diagnostics products include a broad offering of liquid, ready-to-use and lyophilized immunodiagnostic reagent kits, calibrators, controls and calibration verification fluids. In particular, we provide products used for drugs-of-abuse testing; therapeutic drug monitoring, including immunosuppressant drug testing; thyroid hormone testing; serum toxicology; clinical chemistry; immunology; hematology; coagulation; glucose tolerance testing; first trimester screening; tumor markers testing; and biomarkers testing for sepsis, acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. We also private label many of our reagents and controls for major in vitro diagnostics companies through OEM arrangements. In many instances, we will work with customers or partners to develop new products and applications for their instrument platforms.
We have developed one of the broadest menus for drugs-of-abuse immunoassays. We also provide a broad offering of immunosuppressant drug immunoassays that can be used on a variety of clinical chemistry analyzers.
Our clinical chemistry systems include analyzers and reagents to analyze and measure routine blood and urine chemistry, such as glucose and cholesterol; and advanced testing for specific proteins, therapeutic drug monitoring and drugs-of-abuse. Our diagnostic test range currently covers approximately 80 different validated methods. We also provide pre- and post-analytical automation for preparation of blood specimens before and after analysis, and specialty diagnostic tests based on patented biomarkers for sepsis, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, as well as intensive care treatments and prenatal screening.
ImmunoDiagnostics
Our immunodiagnostics offerings include developing, manufacturing and marketing complete blood-test systems to support the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of allergy, asthma and autoimmune diseases. Unlike skin prick tests, our in vitro allergy diagnostic tests utilize flexible systems which provide for convenient and accurate allergy diagnoses on low and high-throughput automation. In addition, we now can offer antibody tests for approximately 20 indications to help diagnose autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, lupus and scleroderma. These allergy and autoimmunity product lines operate on a common instrument platform which supports both productivity and cost efficiencies in clinical laboratories around the world. Our products include ImmunoCAP for allergy and asthma tests and EliA for autoimmunity tests.

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Microbiology
Our microbiology offerings include dehydrated and prepared culture media, collection and transport systems, instrumentation and consumables to detect pathogens in blood, diagnostic and rapid direct specimen tests, quality-control products and associated products for the microbiology laboratory. Our products help customers worldwide to diagnose infectious disease; determine appropriate antimicrobial therapy; implement effective infection control programs; and detect microbial contamination of their products or manufacturing facilities.
Within the food and pharmaceutical industries, our products are used to assure the safety and quality of consumer products by monitoring production environments; raw materials and end products for bacterial contamination; and animal health in the dairy industry.
Anatomical Pathology
Our anatomical pathology offerings include a broad portfolio of products primarily for cancer diagnosis and medical research in histology, cytology and hematology applications. These products include a wide range of instruments, consumables and reagents for specimen collection and transport, tissue preparation, staining and immunohistochemistry assays and controls. Reagent and consumable products include sample collection and preservation products used to ensure specimen integrity; tissue cassettes and reagents necessary for same-day, high-quality specimen processing; blades and paraffin used to section tissue; and a wide range of leading stains. Also included are a full line of immunohistochemistry antibodies, detection systems, ancillaries and controls.
We also provide a complete range of anatomical pathology instruments including cassette and slide labeling systems, which enable on-demand slide and cassette printing; tissue processors for same-day tissue-processing; embedding stations, microtomes and cryostats used to section tissue; and automated staining and cover slip systems used for primary and immunohistochemistry staining. In cytology, we offer low-speed centrifugation technology coupled with patented EZ cytofunnels to deposit a thin layer of cells onto a microscope slide to ensure better cell capture and better preservation of cell morphology. We manufacture high-quality flat-sheet glass to produce medical disposable products such as microscope slides, plates, cover glass, and microarray substrates serving the medical, diagnostics, and scientific communities. We also offer specialized hydrophobic, adhesive, and fluorescent slides through proprietary coating techniques.
Transplant Diagnostics
Our transplant diagnostics products include human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and testing for the organ transplant market. Our diagnostic tests are used by transplant centers for tissue typing, primarily to determine the compatibility of donors and recipients pre-transplant, and to detect the presence of antibodies post-transplant that can lead to transplant rejection. These transplant diagnostic tests are widely used across the transplant-testing workflow to improve patient outcomes. Our transplant diagnostic offerings include several lines of HLA typing and antibody detection assays utilizing serological, molecular, ELISA, flow, and multiplexing technologies.
Healthcare Market Channel
Our Healthcare Market channel offerings include a broad array of consumables, diagnostic kits and reagents, equipment, instruments, solutions and services for hospitals, clinical laboratories, reference laboratories, physicians’ offices and other clinical testing facilities. These products are manufactured by Thermo Fisher and third parties.
Healthcare Market products and solutions focus on the collection, transportation and analysis of biological samples. Major product lines include anatomical pathology, molecular diagnostic, and cardiac risk management solutions; blood collection devices; and an extensive portfolio of rapid diagnostic testing kits.
Laboratory Products and Services Segment
Our Laboratory Products and Services segment offers virtually everything needed for the laboratory. Our unique combination of self-manufactured and sourced products and extensive service offering enables our customers to focus on their core activities and helps them to be more efficient, productive and cost effective. We serve the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, government and other research and industrial markets, as well as the clinical laboratory through five key businesses: Laboratory Equipment, Laboratory Consumables, Global Chemicals, Research and Safety Market Channel, and BioPharma Services.
Laboratory Equipment
Our Laboratory Equipment products are used primarily by pharmaceutical companies for drug discovery and development and by biotechnology companies and universities for life science research to advance the prevention and cure of diseases and

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enhance quality of life. This offering consists of equipment, accessories, and services for sample preparation, storage and protection, and analysis:
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Controlled Temperature Technologies Products include our leading laboratory refrigerators and freezers, ultralow-temperature freezers and cryopreservation storage tanks for maintaining samples in a cold environment to protect them from degradation. We also offer temperature control products such as heated bath circulators, immersion coolers, recirculating chillers, water baths, and dry baths in a range of sizes, temperatures and configurations for life science, analytical chemistry, manufacturing and quality-control applications.
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Growth Protection and Separation Products include sample preparation and preservation equipment which protects our customers’ chemical and biological samples and supports the growth of cells and organisms in optimal conditions such as temperature, carbon dioxide and humidity as well as incubators and related products. We also offer centrifugation products, which are used to separate biological matrices and inorganic materials, including microcentrifuges, general use bench-top centrifuges and floor models. Additionally, we offer biological safety cabinets, which enable technicians to handle samples without risk to themselves or their environment and without risk of cross-contamination of samples.
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Water and Laboratory Products include water analysis instruments such as meters, electrodes and solutions for the measurement of pH, ions, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and other key parameters in the lab and production line. We also offer other laboratory equipment such as water purification systems, shakers, vacuum concentrators, microbiological incubators, ovens, furnaces, hotplates, stirrers, stirring hotplates, and other related products.
Laboratory Consumables
Our laboratory consumables products include plastics, glass and related equipment, which customers use every day to support their scientific research, drug discovery and development, quality and process control, and clinical and basic research and development needs. Our product categories include cell culture and bioproduction; sample preparation and storage; liquid handling; detection instruments; and specialty products and services.
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Laboratory and Specialty Plastics include cell culture and bioproduction products which support customers in research to production-scale activities. We offer a broad range of surface technologies for different application needs, including applications with traditional stem cell and human stem cell lines. Products include chamber slides, dishes, multidishes, flasks and gas permeable technologies. We also offer a complete line of serological pipettes and conical tubes to address cell-culture sample handling, as well as cell factories and roller bottles, and research serum and media products. These products are widely used in research and in the manufacture of vaccines and biotherapeutics. We also offer sample preparation and storage products such as centrifugation consumables as well as vials and organization systems for ultralow temperature and cryogenic storage, with specific products designed for low protein binding and low DNA binding and containers for packaging life science and diagnostic reagents as well for the storage and transport of bulk intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Additionally, our offerings include a complete selection of clinical specimen collection, drug-of-abuse collection kits and environmental and food-safety glass and plastic vials, bottles and containers, plastic transfer pipettes, general purpose clinical laboratory consumables and containers for breast milk collection, storage and feeding primarily used in neo-natal units and by lactation specialists. We also provide OEM and custom kit assembly services for clinical and drugs-of-abuse test kits.
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Liquid Handling Consumables include a leading offering of laboratory pipette tips and a complementary range of handheld and automated pipetting systems, supporting low- through high-throughput activity. These products optimize productivity and ergonomics, and ensure accurate results. We also offer detection instruments such as microplate readers, washers and purification systems. These instruments offer researchers in the fields of cancer research, drug development, proteomics, and genomics efficiency, high-quality performance and accurate results.
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Specialty Products and Services include a complete selection of clinical specimen collection, drug-of-abuse collection kits and environmental and food-safety glass and plastic vials, bottles and containers. We also manufacture plastic transfer pipettes and general purpose clinical laboratory consumables. We also offer containers for breast milk collection, storage and feeding primarily used in neo-natal units and by lactation specialists. In addition, we provide OEM and custom kit assembly services for clinical and drugs-of-abuse test kits.
Global Chemicals
Global Chemicals comprises a broad range of chemicals, solvents and reagents supporting virtually every laboratory application – from research to drug discovery and development and manufacturing. This portfolio includes organic chemicals used to synthesize new materials; essential laboratory chemicals used by scientists to purify, extract, separate, identify and

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manufacture products; high purity analytical reagents, bioreagents used in many different applications, from cell growth to detailed protein analysis; novel chemical building blocks, reactive intermediates and screening libraries used to accelerate drug discovery; and precious metals, salts and solutions used in a broad range of applications where highly specific reactions are desired. We provide bulk volumes of many products for scale-up from research to development and customized services for chemical procurement, processing, production, testing, and packaging.
Research and Safety Market Channel
Our Research and Safety Market channel serves academic, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, government and industrial customers. We go to market through our broad sales force, printed catalogs in eight different languages, a state-of-the-art website, www.fishersci.com, containing full product content for more than 600,000 products, and our global network of resellers and distributors. The Fisher Scientific catalog has been published for more than 100 years and is an internationally recognized scientific supply resource.
We have an international network of warehouses in our primary markets through which we maintain inventory and coordinate product delivery. With specialized product vaults and warehouse management systems, we are able to handle the complete range of products we offer to our customers. Our transportation capabilities include our dedicated fleet of delivery vehicles as well as parcel shipping capabilities that are closely integrated with our third-party parcel carriers. Throughout the product delivery process, we provide our customers with convenient access to comprehensive electronic systems that offer automated catalog search, product order and invoicing, and payment capabilities.
Our channel offers a mix of products that are manufactured by Thermo Fisher, by third parties for us on a private-label basis, and by third parties under their brand but offered for sale exclusively through us. We also offer a broad range of third-party products representing leading industry brand names on a non-exclusive basis.
Our research products include a complete offering of laboratory products, ranging from capital equipment and instruments to chemicals to consumable products. Our safety products include clean-room and controlled-environment supplies, personal protective equipment, firefighting, military, and first responder equipment and supplies, and environmental monitoring and sampling equipment. Our education products include science-related and laboratory products for the K-12 and secondary education market.
Our Doe & Ingalls offerings include chemical distribution and supply chain services that help life science and advanced technology manufacturers have reliable, secure supply chains for their chemical raw materials.
In addition to our broad product offerings, we offer a variety of specialized services to our customers through our Unity Lab Services team, including training, equipment servicing and asset management, and dedicated supply management personnel. We also offer scientific support services including desktop delivery, coordination of instrument calibration and service, and on-site customer service.
BioPharma Services
Our BioPharma Services offerings include global services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies engaged in clinical trials, including comparator sourcing; specialized packaging; over-encapsulation; multi-lingual and specialized labeling and distribution for phase I through phase IV clinical trials; biological-specimen management; specialty pharmaceutical logistics; and clinical supply-chain planning and management. Thermo Fisher’s biobanking business provides temperature-controlled repository services for pharmaceutical, biotechnology, university, government, clinical and blood-processing customers. Our biobanking services business stores pharmacological and biospecimen samples at commercial sites. Additional services include inventory management, validation, business continuity, and repository management and transportation capabilities, resulting in a complete cold chain sample management solution.
Sales and Marketing
We market and sell our products and services through a direct sales force, customer-service professionals, electronic commerce, third-party distributors and various catalogs.
We have approximately 12,000 sales personnel including highly trained technical specialists who enable us to better meet the needs of our more technical end-users. We also provide customers with product standardization and other supply-chain-management services to reduce procurement costs.
New Products and Research and Development
Our business includes the development and introduction of new products and may include entry into new business segments. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, we spent $692 million, $691 million and $396 million, respectively, on research and

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Business (continued)

development. We anticipate that we will continue to make significant expenditures for research and development as we seek to provide a continuing flow of innovative products to maintain and improve our competitive position.
Raw Materials
Our management team believes that we have a readily available supply of raw materials for all of our significant products from various sources. We do not anticipate any difficulties obtaining the raw materials essential to our business.
Raw-material and fuel prices are subject to fluctuations due to market conditions. We employ many strategies, including the use of alternative materials, to mitigate the effect of these fluctuations on our results.
Patents, Licenses and Trademarks
Patents are important in all segments of our business. No particular patent, or related group of patents, is so important, however, that its loss would significantly affect our operations as a whole. Where appropriate, we seek patent protection for inventions and developments made by our personnel that are incorporated into our products or otherwise fall within our fields of interest. Patent rights resulting from work sponsored by outside parties do not always accrue exclusively to the company and may be limited by agreements or contracts.
We protect some of our technology as trade secrets and, where appropriate, we use trademarks or register trademarks used in connection with products. We also enter into license agreements with others to grant and/or receive rights to patents and know-how.
Seasonal Influences
Revenues in the fourth quarter are historically stronger than in other quarters due to the capital spending patterns of industrial, pharmaceutical and government customers. Sales of flu tests and related diagnostic products vary quarter to quarter and year to year based on the severity and duration of each period’s flu season. Sales of allergy tests vary quarter to quarter and year to year based on the severity and duration of each period’s airborne pollen allergens.
Working Capital Requirements
There are no special inventory requirements or credit terms extended to customers that would have a material adverse effect on our working capital.
Dependency on a Single Customer
There is no single customer the loss of which would have a material adverse effect on our business. No customer accounted for more than 5% of our total revenues in any of the past three years.
Backlog
Our backlog of firm orders at year-end 2015 and 2014 was as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
400.8

 
$
365.5

Analytical Instruments
 
893.2

 
948.0

Specialty Diagnostics
 
165.1

 
189.7

Laboratory Products and Services
 
456.6

 
442.6

Eliminations
 
(29.5
)
 
(22.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,886.2

 
$
1,923.1

Backlog at year-end 2015 compared to the 2014 balance was affected by unfavorable currency translation. We believe that virtually all of our backlog at the end of 2015 will be filled during 2016.
Government Contracts
Although the company transacts business with various government agencies, no government contract is of such magnitude that a renegotiation of profits or termination of the contract at the election of the government agency would have a material adverse effect on the company’s financial results.

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Business (continued)

Competition
The company encounters aggressive and able competition in virtually all of the markets we serve. Because of the diversity of our products and services, we face many different types of competitors and competition. Our competitors include a broad range of manufacturers and third-party distributors. Competitive climates in many of the markets we serve are characterized by changing technology and customer demands that require continuing research and development. Our success primarily depends on the following factors:
•
technical performance and advances in technology that result in new products and improved price/performance ratios;
•
product differentiation, availability and reliability;
•
the depth of our capabilities;
•
our reputation among customers as a quality provider of products and services;
•
customer service and support;
•
active research and application-development programs; and
•
relative prices of our products and services.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to various laws and governmental regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health in the United States and other countries. U.S. federal environmental legislation that affects us includes the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). We are also subject to regulation by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) concerning employee safety and health matters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), OSHA, and other federal agencies have the authority to promulgate regulations that have an effect on our operations.
In addition to these federal activities, various states have been delegated certain authority under the aforementioned federal statutes as well as having authority over these matters under state laws. Many state and local governments have adopted environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations, some of which are similar to federal requirements.
A number of our operations involve the handling, manufacturing, use or sale of substances that are or could be classified as toxic or hazardous materials within the meaning of applicable laws. Consequently, some risk of environmental harm is inherent in our operations and products, as it is with other companies engaged in similar businesses.
Our expenses for environmental requirements are incurred generally for ongoing compliance and historical remediation matters. Based on current information, we believe that these compliance costs are not material. For historical remediation obligations, our expenditures relate primarily to the cost of permitting, installing, and operating and maintaining groundwater-treatment systems and other remedial measures.
Our Fair Lawn and Somerville, New Jersey facilities entered into administrative consent orders with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection in 1984 to maintain groundwater-remediation activities at these sites, and are currently under the State’s Licensed Site Remediation Professional Program. As the owner of the Fair Lawn facility, we are listed as a potentially responsible party for remediation within an area called the Fair Lawn Wellfields Superfund Site, and, in 2008, the company and certain other parties entered into a consent order with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to complete a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. In 2011, our Life Technologies subsidiary entered into a consent decree with the USEPA and other responsible parties to implement a groundwater remedy at the former Davis Landfill Superfund site in Smithfield, Rhode Island.
We record accruals for environmental liabilities based on current interpretations of environmental laws and regulations when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated. We calculate estimates based upon several factors, including reports prepared by environmental specialists and management’s knowledge and experience with these environmental matters. We include in these estimates potential costs for investigation, remediation and operation and maintenance of cleanup sites. Accrued liabilities for environmental matters totaled $35 million at December 31, 2015.
These environmental liabilities do not include third-party recoveries to which we may be entitled. We believe that our accrual is adequate for the environmental liabilities we currently expect to incur. As a result we believe that our ultimate liability with respect to environmental matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of

12


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Business (continued)

operations or cash flows. However, we may be subject to remedial or compliance costs due to future events, such as changes in existing laws and regulations, changes in agency direction or enforcement policies, developments in remediation technologies, changes in the conduct of our operations, and the effect of changes in accounting rules, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Regulatory Affairs
Our operations, and some of the products we offer, are subject to a number of complex and stringent laws and regulations governing the production, handling, transportation and distribution of chemicals, drugs and other similar products, including the operating and security standards of the Food and Drug Administration, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and various state boards of pharmacy as well as comparable state and foreign agencies. As Thermo Fisher’s businesses also include export and import activities, we are subject to pertinent laws enforced by the U.S. Departments of Commerce, State and Treasury. In addition, our logistics activities must comply with the rules and regulations of the Department of Transportation, the Federal Aviation Administration and similar foreign agencies. While we believe we are in compliance in all material respects with such laws and regulations, any noncompliance could result in substantial fines or otherwise restrict our ability to provide competitive distribution services and thereby have an adverse effect on our financial condition. To date, none has had a material impact on our operations.
We are subject to laws and regulations governing government contracts, and failure to address these laws and regulations or comply with government contracts could harm our business by leading to a reduction in revenue associated with these customers. We have agreements relating to the sale of our products to government entities and, as a result, we are subject to various statutes and regulations that apply to companies doing business with the government. We are also subject to investigation for compliance with the regulations governing government contracts. A failure to comply with these regulations could result in suspension of these contracts, criminal, civil and administrative penalties or debarment.
Number of Employees
We have approximately 52,000 employees.
Financial Information About Geographic Areas
Financial information about geographic areas is summarized in Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, which begin on page F-1 of this report.
Available Information
The company files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Exchange Act. The public may read and copy any materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Also, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information that issuers, including the company, file electronically with the SEC. The public can obtain any documents that we file with the SEC at www.sec.gov. We also make available free of charge on or through our own website at www.thermofisher.com our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and, if applicable, amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. In addition, paper copies of these documents may be obtained free of charge by writing to the company care of its Investor Relations Department at our principal executive office located at 81 Wyman Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451.

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THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
Business (continued)

Executive Officers of the Registrant
Name
 
Age
 
Present Title (Fiscal Year First Became Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
 
Marc N. Casper
 
47
 
President and Chief Executive Officer (2001)
Alan J. Malus
 
56
 
Executive Vice President (2006)
Mark P. Stevenson
 
53
 
Executive Vice President (2014)
Peter M. Wilver
 
56
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer (2003)
Patrick M. Durbin
 
49
 
Senior Vice President (2015)
Seth H. Hoogasian
 
61
 
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary (2001)
Thomas W. Loewald
 
52
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Commercial Officer (2012)
Daniel P. Shine
 
47
 
Senior Vice President (2016)
Stephen Williamson
 
49
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (2015)
Peter E. Hornstra
 
56
 
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer (2001)
Mr. Casper was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer in October 2009. He was Chief Operating Officer from May 2008 to October 2009 and Executive Vice President from November 2006 to October 2009. He was Senior Vice President from December 2003 to November 2006. From December 2001 to December 2003 he was Vice President.
Mr. Malus was appointed Executive Vice President of Thermo Fisher Scientific in January 2012 and was appointed President, Laboratory Products and Services in January 2014. He was President, Analytical Technologies from January 2012 to January 2014. He was President, Laboratory Products from July 2008 to January 2012, President, Customer Channels from November 2006 to July 2008 and was appointed Senior Vice President of Thermo Fisher Scientific in November 2006. Mr. Malus is retiring from the company on June 1, 2016.
Mr. Stevenson was appointed Executive Vice President and President, Life Sciences Solutions in February 2014. Prior to the acquisition of Life Technologies Corporation (“Life Technologies”), Mr. Stevenson was President and Chief Operating Officer of Life Technologies from November 2008 to February 2014 and previously President and Chief Operating Officer of Applied Biosystems, Life Technologies’ predecessor entity, from December 2007 to November 2008.
Mr. Wilver was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer in August 2015. He was Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from November 2006 to August 2015. He was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from October 2004 to November 2006.
Mr. Durbin was appointed Senior Vice President of Thermo Fisher Scientific and President, Specialty Diagnostics in October 2015. He was President of the BioPharma Services business from January 2010 to October 2015.
Mr. Hoogasian was appointed Senior Vice President in November 2006, Secretary in 2001 and General Counsel in 1992. He was Vice President from 1996 to November 2006.
Mr. Loewald was appointed Chief Commercial Officer in January 2016 and Senior Vice President of Thermo Fisher Scientific in January 2012. He was President, Analytical Instruments from January 2014 to January 2016 and President, Laboratory Products from January 2012 to January 2014. He was President of the Laboratory Equipment business from August 2008 to December 2011 and was President of the Environmental Instruments business from October 2006 until August 2008.
Mr. Shine was appointed Senior Vice President of Thermo Fisher Scientific and President, Analytical Instruments in January 2016.  He was President of the Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry business from November 2012 to January 2016.  He was President of the Chemical Analysis business from July 2011 to November 2012 and President of the Process Instruments business from April 2007 to July 2011.
Mr. Williamson was appointed Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in August 2015. He was Vice President of Financial Operations from May 2008 to August 2015.
Mr. Hornstra was appointed Vice President in February 2007 and Chief Accounting Officer in January 2001. He was Corporate Controller from January 1996 to February 2007.
 

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THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

Item 1A.
Risk Factors
Set forth below are the risks that we believe are material to our investors. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements in Item 1. Business under the caption "Forward-looking Statements".
We must develop new products, adapt to rapid and significant technological change and respond to introductions of new products by competitors to remain competitive. Our growth strategy includes significant investment in and expenditures for product development. We sell our products in several industries that are characterized by rapid and significant technological changes, frequent new product and service introductions and enhancements and evolving industry standards. Competitive factors include technological innovation, price, service and delivery, breadth of product line, customer support, e-business capabilities and the ability to meet the special requirements of customers. Our competitors may adapt more quickly to new technologies and changes in customers’ requirements than we can. Without the timely introduction of new products, services and enhancements, our products and services will likely become technologically obsolete over time, in which case our revenue and operating results would suffer.
Many of our existing products and those under development are technologically innovative and require significant planning, design, development and testing at the technological, product and manufacturing-process levels. Our customers use many of our products to develop, test and manufacture their own products. As a result, we must anticipate industry trends and develop products in advance of the commercialization of our customers’ products. If we fail to adequately predict our customers’ needs and future activities, we may invest heavily in research and development of products and services that do not lead to significant revenue.
It may be difficult for us to implement our strategies for improving internal growth. Some of the markets in which we compete have been flat or declining over the past several years. To address this issue, we are pursuing a number of strategies to improve our internal growth, including:
•
strengthening our presence in selected geographic markets;
•
allocating research and development funding to products with higher growth prospects;
•
developing new applications for our technologies;
•
expanding our service offerings;
•
continuing key customer initiatives;
•
combining sales and marketing operations in appropriate markets to compete more effectively;
•
finding new markets for our products; and
•
continuing the development of commercial tools and infrastructure to increase and support cross-selling opportunities of products and services to take advantage of our depth in product offerings.
We may not be able to successfully implement these strategies, and these strategies may not result in the expected growth of our business.
Our business is affected by general economic conditions and related uncertainties affecting markets in which we operate. Our business is affected by general economic conditions, both inside and outside the U.S. If the global economy and financial markets, or economic conditions in Europe, the U.S. or other key markets, are unstable, it could adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of the company and its customers, distributors, and suppliers, having the effect of
•
reducing demand for some of our products;
•
increasing the rate of order cancellations or delays;
•
increasing the risk of excess and obsolete inventories;
•
increasing pressure on the prices for our products and services; and
•
creating longer sales cycles and greater difficulty in collecting sales proceeds.
For example, recent developments in Europe have created uncertainty with respect to the ability of certain European countries to continue to service their sovereign debt obligations. This debt crisis could result in customers in Europe taking longer to pay for products they have purchased from us, or being unable to pay at all. The continued weakness in world

15


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
Risk Factors (continued)


economies makes the strength and timing of any economic recovery uncertain, and there can be no assurance that global economic conditions will not deteriorate further.
Demand for some of our products depends on capital spending policies of our customers and on government funding policies. Our customers include pharmaceutical and chemical companies, laboratories, universities, healthcare providers, government agencies and public and private research institutions. Many factors, including public policy spending priorities, available resources and product and economic cycles, have a significant effect on the capital spending policies of these entities.
Spending by some of these customers fluctuates based on budget allocations and the timely passage of the annual federal budget. An impasse in federal government budget decisions could lead to substantial delays or reductions in federal spending. In fiscal year 2013, the U.S. Government was unable to reach agreement on budget reduction measures required by the Budget Control Act of 2011. As a result, in early 2013, an enforcement mechanism known as sequestration went into effect, which triggered one year of budget reductions. In subsequent years, statutory spending caps have constrained federal funding levels. Despite agreement not to impose similar cuts in fiscal years 2014 through 2017, it is possible that Congress will allow similar cuts to occur again in fiscal year 2018 and beyond.
As a multinational corporation, we are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations. International markets contribute a substantial portion of our revenues, and we intend to continue expanding our presence in these regions. The exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates takes on different forms. International revenues and costs are subject to the risk that fluctuations in exchange rates could adversely affect our reported revenues and profitability when translated into U.S. dollars for financial reporting purposes. These fluctuations could also adversely affect the demand for products and services provided by us. As a multinational corporation, our businesses occasionally invoice third-party customers in currencies other than the one in which they primarily do business (the “functional currency”). Movements in the invoiced currency relative to the functional currency could adversely impact our cash flows and our results of operations. Should our international sales grow, exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates could have a larger effect on our financial results. In 2015, currency translation had an unfavorable effect of $938 million on revenues due to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in which the company sells products and services. For 2016, the company is expecting a significant negative impact on revenues and operating income due to the stronger U.S. dollar.
Healthcare reform legislation could adversely impact us. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act could have an adverse impact on us. Some of the potential consequences, such as a reduction in governmental support of healthcare services or adverse changes to the delivery or pricing of healthcare services or products or mandated benefits, may cause healthcare-industry participants to purchase fewer of our products and services or to reduce the prices they are willing to pay for our products or services.
Our inability to protect our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, third parties may claim that we infringe their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expense as a result. We place considerable emphasis on obtaining patent and trade secret protection for significant new technologies, products and processes because of the length of time and expense associated with bringing new products through the development process and into the marketplace. Our success depends in part on our ability to develop patentable products and obtain and enforce patent protection for our products both in the United States and in other countries. We own numerous U.S. and foreign patents, and we intend to file additional applications, as appropriate, for patents covering our products. Patents may not be issued for any pending or future patent applications owned by or licensed to us, and the claims allowed under any issued patents may not be sufficiently broad to protect our technology. Any issued patents owned by or licensed to us may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, and the rights under these patents may not provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, competitors may design around our technology or develop competing technologies. Intellectual property rights may also be unavailable or limited in some foreign countries, which could make it easier for competitors to capture increased market position. We could incur substantial costs to defend ourselves in suits brought against us or in suits in which we may assert our patent rights against others. An unfavorable outcome of any such litigation could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We also rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how with which we seek to protect our products, in part, by confidentiality agreements with our collaborators, employees and consultants. These agreements may be breached and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach. In addition, our trade secrets may otherwise become known or be independently developed by our competitors.
Third parties may assert claims against us to the effect that we are infringing on their intellectual property rights. With our acquisition of Life Technologies, we became party to several lawsuits in which plaintiffs claim we infringe their intellectual property (Note 10). We could incur substantial costs and diversion of management resources in defending these claims, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, parties making

16


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
Risk Factors (continued)


these claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief, which could effectively block our ability to make, use, sell, distribute, or market our products and services in the United States or abroad. In the event that a claim relating to intellectual property is asserted against us, or third parties not affiliated with us hold pending or issued patents that relate to our products or technology, we may seek licenses to such intellectual property or challenge those patents. However, we may be unable to obtain these licenses on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, and our challenge of the patents may be unsuccessful. Our failure to obtain the necessary licenses or other rights could prevent the sale, manufacture, or distribution of our products and, therefore, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in governmental regulations may reduce demand for our products or increase our expenses. We compete in many markets in which we and our customers must comply with federal, state, local and international regulations, such as environmental, health and safety and food and drug regulations. We develop, configure and market our products to meet customer needs created by those regulations. Any significant change in regulations could reduce demand for our products or increase our expenses. For example, many of our instruments are marketed to the pharmaceutical industry for use in discovering and developing drugs. Changes in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s regulation of the drug discovery and development process could have an adverse effect on the demand for these products.
If our security products do not operate as designed and fail to detect explosives or radiation, we could be exposed to product liability and related claims for which we may not have adequate insurance coverage. Products currently or previously sold by our environmental and process instruments and radiation measurement and security instruments businesses include fixed and portable instruments used for chemical, radiation and trace explosives detection. These products are used in airports, embassies, cargo facilities, border crossings and other high-threat facilities for the detection and prevention of terrorist acts. If any of these products were to malfunction, it is possible that explosive or radioactive material could fail to be detected by our product, which could lead to product liability claims. There are also many other factors beyond our control that could lead to liability claims, such as the reliability and competence of the customers’ operators and the training of such operators. Any such product liability claims brought against us could be significant and any adverse determination may result in liabilities in excess of our insurance coverage. Although we carry product liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our current insurance will be sufficient to cover these claims or that it can be maintained on acceptable terms, if at all.
Our inability to complete pending acquisitions or to successfully integrate any new or previous acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our business. Our business strategy includes the acquisition of technologies and businesses that complement or augment our existing products and services. Certain acquisitions may be difficult to complete for a number of reasons, including the need for antitrust and/or other regulatory approvals. Any acquisition we may complete may be made at a substantial premium over the fair value of the net identifiable assets of the acquired company. Further, we may not be able to integrate acquired businesses successfully into our existing businesses, make such businesses profitable, or realize anticipated cost savings or synergies, if any, from these acquisitions, which could adversely affect our business.
Moreover, we have acquired many companies and businesses. As a result of these acquisitions, we recorded significant goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets (primarily tradenames) on our balance sheet, which amount to approximately $18.83 billion and $1.25 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2015. In addition, we have definite-lived intangible assets totaling $11.51 billion as of December 31, 2015. We assess the realizability of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets annually as well as whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired. We assess the realizability of definite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that these assets may be impaired. These events or circumstances would generally include operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with the acquired business or asset. Our ability to realize the value of the goodwill and intangible assets will depend on the future cash flows of these businesses. These cash flows in turn depend in part on how well we have integrated these businesses. If we are not able to realize the value of the goodwill and intangible assets, we may be required to incur material charges relating to the impairment of those assets.
We are subject to laws and regulations governing government contracts, and failure to address these laws and regulations or comply with government contracts could harm our business by leading to a reduction in revenue associated with these customers. We have agreements relating to the sale of our products to government entities and, as a result, we are subject to various statutes and regulations that apply to companies doing business with the government. The laws governing government contracts differ from the laws governing private contracts and government contracts may contain pricing terms and conditions that are not applicable to private contracts. We are also subject to investigation for compliance with the regulations governing government contracts. A failure to comply with these regulations could result in suspension of these contracts, criminal, civil and administrative penalties or debarment.

17


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
Risk Factors (continued)


Because we compete directly with certain of our larger customers and product suppliers, our results of operations could be adversely affected in the short term if these customers or suppliers abruptly discontinue or significantly modify their relationship with us. Our largest customer in the laboratory products business is also a significant competitor. Our business may be harmed in the short term if our competitive relationship in the marketplace with certain of our large customers results in a discontinuation of their purchases from us. In addition, we manufacture products that compete directly with products that we source from third-party suppliers. We also source competitive products from multiple suppliers. Our business could be adversely affected in the short term if any of our large third-party suppliers abruptly discontinues selling products to us.
Because we rely heavily on third-party package-delivery services, a significant disruption in these services or significant increases in prices may disrupt our ability to ship products, increase our costs and lower our profitability. We ship a significant portion of our products to our customers through independent package delivery companies, such as Federal Express in the U.S. and DHL in Europe. We also maintain a small fleet of vehicles dedicated to the delivery of our products and ship our products through other carriers, including national and regional trucking firms, overnight carrier services and the U.S. Postal Service. If one or more of these third-party package-delivery providers were to experience a major work stoppage, preventing our products from being delivered in a timely fashion or causing us to incur additional shipping costs we could not pass on to our customers, our costs could increase and our relationships with certain of our customers could be adversely affected. In addition, if one or more of these third-party package-delivery providers were to increase prices, and we were not able to find comparable alternatives or make adjustments in our delivery network, our profitability could be adversely affected.
We are required to comply with a wide variety of laws and regulations, and are subject to regulation by various federal, state and foreign agencies. For example, some of our operations are subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and similar international agencies. These regulations govern a wide variety of product activities, from design and development to labeling, manufacturing, promotion, sales and distribution. If we fail to comply with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s regulations or those of similar international agencies, we may have to recall products and/or cease their manufacture and distribution, which would increase our costs and reduce our revenues.
We are also subject to a variety of federal, state, local and international laws and regulations that govern, among other things, the importation and exportation of products, the handling, transportation and manufacture of substances that could be classified as hazardous, and our business practices in the U.S. and abroad such as anti-corruption and anti-competition laws. A failure to comply with these laws and regulations could result in criminal, civil and administrative penalties.
Regulations related to “conflict minerals” may cause us to incur additional expenses and could limit the supply and increase the cost of certain metals used in manufacturing our products. In 2012 the SEC adopted a rule requiring disclosures by public companies of specified minerals, known as conflict minerals, that are necessary to the functionality or production of products manufactured or contracted to be manufactured. The rule requires an annual disclosure report to be filed, and requires companies to perform due diligence and disclose and report whether or not such minerals originate from the Democratic Republic of Congo or an adjoining country. The rule could affect sourcing at competitive prices and availability in sufficient quantities of certain minerals used in the manufacture of our products, including tantalum, tin, gold and tungsten. The number of suppliers who provide conflict-free minerals may be limited. In addition, there may be material costs associated with complying with the disclosure requirements, such as costs related to determining the source of certain minerals used in our products, as well as costs of possible changes to products, processes, or sources of supply as a consequence of such verification activities. As our supply chain is complex, we may not be able to sufficiently verify the origins of the relevant minerals used in our products through the due diligence procedures that we undertake, which may harm our reputation. In addition, we may encounter challenges to satisfy those customers who require that all of the components of our products be certified as conflict-free, which could place us at a competitive disadvantage if we are unable to do so.
Our business could be adversely affected by disruptions at our sites. We rely upon our manufacturing operations to produce many of the products we sell and our warehouse facilities to store products, pending sale. Any significant disruption of those operations for any reason, such as strikes or other labor unrest, power interruptions, fire, or other events beyond our control could adversely affect our sales and customer relationships and therefore adversely affect our business. We have significant operations in California, near major earthquake faults, which make us susceptible to earthquake risk. Although most of our raw materials are available from a number of potential suppliers, our operations also depend upon our ability to obtain raw materials at reasonable prices. If we are unable to obtain the materials we need at a reasonable price, we may not be able to produce certain of our products or we may not be able to produce certain of these products at a marketable price, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
Fluctuations in our effective tax rate may adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows. As a global company, we are subject to taxation in numerous countries, states and other jurisdictions. In preparing our financial statements, we record the amount of tax that is payable in each of the countries, states and other jurisdictions in which we operate. Our future effective

18


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
Risk Factors (continued)


tax rate, however, may be lower or higher than experienced in the past due to numerous factors, including a change in the mix of our profitability from country to country, changes in accounting for income taxes and recently enacted and future changes in tax laws in jurisdictions in which we operate. Any of these factors could cause us to experience an effective tax rate significantly different from previous periods or our current expectations, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.
We may incur unexpected costs from increases in fuel and raw material prices, which could reduce our earnings and cash flow. Our primary commodity exposures are for fuel, petroleum-based resins and steel. While we may seek to minimize the impact of price increases through higher prices to customers and various cost-saving measures, our earnings and cash flows could be adversely affected in the event these measures are insufficient to cover our costs.
Unforeseen problems with the implementation and maintenance of our information systems could have an adverse effect on our operations. As a part of our ongoing effort to upgrade our current information systems, we periodically implement new enterprise resource planning software and other software applications to manage certain of our business operations. As we implement and add functionality, problems could arise that we have not foreseen. Such problems could adversely impact our ability to provide quotes, take customer orders and otherwise run our business in a timely manner. In addition, if our new systems fail to provide accurate pricing and cost data our results of operations and cash flows could be adversely affected.
We also rely on our technology infrastructure, among other functions, to interact with suppliers, sell our products and services, fulfill orders and bill, collect and make payments, ship products, provide services and support to customers, track customers, fulfill contractual obligations and otherwise conduct business. Our systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, computer denial-of-service attacks, unauthorized access to customer or employee data or company trade secrets, and other attempts to harm our systems. When we upgrade or change systems, we may suffer interruptions in service, loss of data or reduced functionality. Certain of our systems are not redundant, and our disaster recovery planning is not sufficient for every eventuality. Despite any precautions we may take, such problems could result in, among other consequences, interruptions in our services, which could harm our reputation and financial results.
Our debt may restrict our investment opportunities or limit our activities. As of December 31, 2015, we had approximately $12.53 billion in outstanding indebtedness. In addition, we have a revolving credit facility that provides for up to $2.00 billion of unsecured multi-currency revolving credit. We may also obtain additional long-term debt and lines of credit to meet future financing needs, which would have the effect of increasing our total leverage.
Our leverage could have negative consequences, including increasing our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions, limiting our ability to obtain additional financing and limiting our ability to acquire new products and technologies through strategic acquisitions.
Our ability to make scheduled payments, refinance our obligations or obtain additional financing will depend on our future operating performance and on economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond our control. Our business may not generate sufficient cash flow to meet our obligations. If we are unable to service our debt, refinance our existing debt or obtain additional financing, we may be forced to delay strategic acquisitions, capital expenditures or research and development expenditures.
Additionally, the agreements governing our debt require that we maintain certain financial ratios, and contain affirmative and negative covenants that restrict our activities by, among other limitations, limiting our ability to incur additional indebtedness, make investments, create liens, sell assets and enter into transactions with affiliates. The covenants in our revolving credit facility include a total debt-to-EBITDA ratio and an interest coverage ratio. Specifically, the company has agreed that, so long as any lender has any commitment under the facility, or any loan or other obligation is outstanding under the facility, or any letter of credit is outstanding under the facility, it will not permit (as the following terms are defined in the facility) the Consolidated Leverage Ratio (the ratio of consolidated Indebtedness to Consolidated EBITDA) as at the last day of any fiscal quarter to be greater than 3.5 to 1.0 or the Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (the ratio of Consolidated EBITDA to Consolidated Interest Expense) to be less than 3.0 to 1.0.
Our ability to comply with these financial restrictions and covenants is dependent on our future performance, which is subject to prevailing economic conditions and other factors, including factors that are beyond our control such as foreign exchange rates and interest rates. Our failure to comply with any of these restrictions or covenants may result in an event of default under the applicable debt instrument, which could permit acceleration of the debt under that instrument and require us to prepay that debt before its scheduled due date. Also, an acceleration of the debt under certain of our debt instruments would trigger an event of default under other of our debt instruments.


19


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
Not applicable.

Item 2.
Properties
The location and general character of our principal properties by segment are as follows:
Life Sciences Solutions
We own approximately 2.1 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in California, New York, Maryland, Illinois, Oregon, and Wisconsin, within the U.S., and in the U.K., Lithuania and New Zealand. We lease approximately 2.4 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in California, Texas, Utah, Massachusetts and Maryland, within the U.S., and in Singapore, Netherlands, China, Germany, India, South Korea, Norway, Japan and Brazil, under various leases that expire between 2016 and 2028.
Analytical Instruments
We own approximately 1.8 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in California, Massachusetts, Wisconsin and Minnesota, within the U.S., and in Germany, Italy and Switzerland. We lease approximately 1.4 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in Tennessee, Massachusetts, Illinois, California, Pennsylvania and Florida, within the U.S., and in China, Germany, the U.K., Australia, Japan and France, under various leases that expire between 2016 and 2029.
Specialty Diagnostics
We own approximately 2.1 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in Virginia, Kansas and California, within the U.S., and in Sweden, Germany, the U.K. and Switzerland. We lease approximately 1.4 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory and production space, principally in California, Kansas and Michigan, within the U.S., and in Finland, China, the U.K., France, Canada and Japan under various leases that expire between 2016 and 2024.
Laboratory Products and Services
We own approximately 6.4 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory, warehouse and production space, principally in Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Illinois, Ohio, Georgia, Texas and Massachusetts within the U.S., and in the U.K., Germany, China, Canada, Denmark and France. We lease approximately 3.9 million square feet of office, engineering, laboratory, warehouse and production space, principally in California, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Massachusetts, Tennessee and North Carolina, within the U.S., and in Australia, Germany, the U.K., Mexico, China, Singapore, New Zealand, South Korea and India under various leases that expire between 2016 and 2045.
Corporate Headquarters
We lease approximately 100,000 square feet of office space in Massachusetts under leases that expire in 2016 and 2017.
We believe that all of the facilities that we are currently using are in good condition and are suitable and adequate to meet our current needs. If we are unable to renew any of the leases that are due to expire in 2016 or 2017, we believe that suitable replacement properties are available on commercially reasonable terms.

Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
There are various lawsuits and claims against the company involving product liability, intellectual property, employment and contractual issues. See “Note 10 to our Consolidated Financial Statements – Commitments and Contingencies.”

Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.


20


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

PART II
Item 5.
Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Price of Common Stock
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TMO. The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices of the company’s common stock for 2015 and 2014, as reported in the consolidated transaction reporting system.
 
2015
 
2014
 
High

 
Low

 
High

 
Low

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
$
139.03

 
$
121.54

 
$
127.63

 
$
109.08

Second Quarter
136.24

 
125.25

 
123.37

 
112.02

Third Quarter
141.25

 
117.98

 
127.21

 
116.36

Fourth Quarter
143.65

 
117.10

 
129.77

 
107.33

The closing price of the company’s common stock on December 31, 2015 and 2014, was $141.85 and $125.29, respectively.
The following table sets forth the per share dividends declared on the company’s common stock for 2015 and 2014.
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
First Quarter
$
0.15

 
$
0.15

Second Quarter
0.15

 
0.15

Third Quarter
0.15

 
0.15

Fourth Quarter
0.15

 
0.15

Our payment of dividends in the future will be determined by our Board of Directors and will depend upon our earnings, financial condition and other factors.
Holders of Common Stock
As of February 6, 2016, the company had 4,292 holders of record of its common stock. This does not include holdings in street or nominee names.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
There was no share repurchase activity for the company’s fourth quarter of 2015. On November 12, 2015, the Board of Directors replaced the existing repurchase authorization with a new authorization to repurchase up to $1.00 billion of the company’s common stock. At December 31, 2015, $1.00 billion was available for future repurchases of the company’s common stock under this authorization.


21


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

Item 6.
Selected Financial Data
(In millions except per share amounts)
 
2015 (a)

 
2014 (b)

 
2013 (c)

 
2012 (d)

 
2011 (e)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Income Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
16,965.4

 
$
16,889.6

 
$
13,090.3

 
$
12,509.9

 
$
11,558.8

Operating Income
 
2,336.2

 
2,503.0

 
1,609.6

 
1,482.1

 
1,250.8

Income from Continuing Operations
 
1,980.3

 
1,895.5

 
1,279.1

 
1,258.4

 
1,023.4

Net Income
 
1,975.4

 
1,894.4

 
1,273.3

 
1,177.9

 
1,329.9

Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
4.97

 
4.76

 
3.55

 
3.46

 
2.69

Diluted
 
4.93

 
4.71

 
3.50

 
3.43

 
2.66

Earnings per Share:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Basic
 
4.96

 
4.76

 
3.53

 
3.24

 
3.49

Diluted
 
4.92

 
4.71

 
3.48

 
3.21

 
3.46

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Dividends Declared per Share
 
0.60

 
0.60

 
0.60

 
0.54

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance Sheet Data
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Working Capital
 
$
1,593.9

 
$
1,190.0

 
$
6,754.7

 
$
2,741.5

 
$
1,708.8

Total Assets
 
40,889.0

 
42,852.1

 
31,863.4

 
27,444.6

 
26,833.7

Long-term Obligations
 
11,473.9

 
12,351.6

 
9,499.6

 
7,031.2

 
5,755.2

Shareholders' Equity
 
21,350.2

 
20,548.1

 
16,856.1

 
15,464.7

 
15,038.1

The caption "restructuring and other costs/income" in the notes below includes amounts charged to cost of revenues, primarily for the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition, and charges/credits to selling, general and administrative expense primarily for significant acquisition transaction costs.
(a)
Reflects $171 million of pre-tax charges for restructuring and other costs; after-tax loss of $5 million related to the company’s discontinued operations; and the repurchase of $500 million of the company’s common stock.
(b)
Reflects $140 million of pre-tax income from gains on sale of businesses, net of restructuring and other costs; and after-tax loss of $1 million related to the company’s discontinued operations. Also reflects the acquisition of Life Technologies Corporation, in February 2014.
(c)
Reflects $180 million of pre-tax charges for restructuring and other costs; after-tax loss of $6 million related to the company’s discontinued operations; and the repurchase of $90 million of the company’s common stock. Also reflects the issuance of $3.20 billion of long-term debt in December 2013 to fund the acquisition of Life Technologies in February 2014.
(d)
Reflects $150 million of pre-tax charges for restructuring and other costs; after-tax loss of $81 million related to the company’s discontinued operations; and the repurchase of $1.15 billion of the company’s common stock.
(e)
Reflects $231 million of pre-tax charges for restructuring and other costs; after-tax income of $307 million related to the company’s discontinued operations; and the repurchase of $1.34 billion of the company’s common stock. Also reflects the acquisitions of Dionex Corporation, in May 2011, and the Phadia group, in August 2011.

22


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

Item 7.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Reference is made throughout this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, which begin on page F-1 of this report.
Overview
The company develops, manufactures and sells a broad range of products that are sold worldwide. The company expands the product lines and services it offers by developing and commercializing its own technologies and by making strategic acquisitions of complementary businesses. The company’s continuing operations fall into four business segments (see Note 3): Life Sciences Solutions, Analytical Instruments, Specialty Diagnostics and Laboratory Products and Services.
Recent Acquisitions and Divestitures
The company’s strategy is to augment internal growth at existing businesses with complementary acquisitions. The company’s principal recent acquisitions and divestitures are described below.
On February 3, 2014, the company completed the acquisition of Life Technologies Corporation for a total purchase price of $15.30 billion, net of cash acquired, including the assumption of $2.28 billion of debt. The company issued debt and common stock in late 2013 and early 2014 to partially fund the acquisition discussed below under the caption “Liquidity and Capital Resources”. Life Technologies was integrated into the Life Sciences Solutions segment and provides innovative products and services to customers conducting scientific research and genetic analysis, as well as those in applied markets, such as forensics and food safety testing. Life Technologies’ revenues totaled $3.87 billion in 2013.
On March 21, 2014, the company sold its legacy sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses to GE Healthcare for $1.06 billion, net of cash divested. The sale of these businesses resulted in a pre-tax gain of approximately $761 million included in restructuring and other costs (income), net. The businesses fell principally in the Life Sciences Solutions segment. Divestiture of these businesses was a condition to obtaining antitrust approval for the Life Technologies acquisition. Revenues and operating income of the businesses sold were approximately $250 million and $64 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $61 million and $12 million, respectively, in 2014 through the date of sale.
On August 15, 2014, the company sold its Cole-Parmer specialty channel business, part of the Laboratory Products and Services segment, for $480 million in cash, net of cash divested. The sale of this business resulted in a pre-tax gain of approximately $134 million, included in restructuring and other costs (income), net. Revenues and operating income of the business sold were approximately $232 million and $43 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $149 million and $28 million, respectively, in 2014 through the date of sale.
On February 4, 2015, the company acquired Advanced Scientifics, Inc., a North America-based global provider of single-use technologies for customized bioprocessing solutions, for approximately $289 million. Advanced Scientifics was integrated into the Life Sciences Solutions segment and expands the company’s bioprocessing offerings. Revenues of Advanced Scientifics were approximately $80 million in 2014.
On September 30, 2015, the company acquired, within the Laboratory Products and Services segment, Alfa Aesar, a U.K.-based global manufacturer of research chemicals from Johnson Matthey Plc, for £257 million ($392 million) in cash. The acquisition expands the company’s existing portfolio of chemicals, solvents and reagents. Revenues of Alfa Aesar were approximately £78 million in 2014.
In January 2016, the company signed an agreement to acquire, within the Life Sciences Solutions segment, Affymetrix, Inc., a North America-based provider of cellular and genetic analysis products, for approximately $1.3 billion in cash. The acquisition will expand the company's existing portfolio of antibodies and assays for high-growth flow cytometry and single-cell biology applications. Revenues of Affymetrix were $360 million in 2015. The transaction, which is expected to close by the end of the second quarter of 2016, is subject to the approval of Affymetrix shareholders and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. The company expects to issue debt in advance of closing the acquisition of Affymetrix to partially fund the acquisition.

23


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Overview of Results of Operations and Liquidity
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015
 
2014
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,439.4

 
26.2
 %
 
$
4,195.7

 
24.8
 %
Analytical Instruments
 
3,208.2

 
18.9
 %
 
3,252.2

 
19.3
 %
Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,243.9

 
19.1
 %
 
3,343.6

 
19.8
 %
Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,661.5

 
39.3
 %
 
6,601.5

 
39.1
 %
Eliminations
 
(587.6
)
 
(3.5
)%
 
(503.4
)
 
(3.0
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
16,965.4

 
100
 %
 
$
16,889.6

 
100
 %
Sales in 2015 were $16.97 billion, an increase of $76 million from 2014. The unfavorable effects of currency translation resulted in a decrease in revenues of $938 million in 2015. Sales increased $212 million due to acquisitions, net of divestitures. Aside from the effects of currency translation, acquisitions and divestitures, revenues increased $803 million (5%) primarily due to increased demand. Sales to customers in the company’s primary end markets grew. Demand from customers in pharmaceutical and biotech industries was particularly strong, while sales to industrial markets and academic and government markets grew modestly in 2015. Sales growth was moderate in North America and Europe and strong in Asia. Revenues and operating income of the company’s non-U.S. operations are translated into U.S. dollars to report consolidated results. Based on weakening of currency exchange rates against the U.S. dollar that occurred in 2015 and early 2016, the company currently expects that there will be a continued adverse effect on reported amounts of revenues and operating income in 2016 as a result of the stronger U.S. dollar.
In 2015, total company operating income and operating income margin were $2.34 billion and 13.8%, respectively, compared with $2.50 billion and 14.8%, respectively, in 2014. The decrease in operating income and operating income margin was primarily due to net gains of $895 million on the sale of businesses in 2014, offset in part by $450 million of charges in 2014 associated with the February 2014 acquisition of Life Technologies. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange also contributed to the decrease in profitability. These factors that reduced operating income in 2015 were offset in part by productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases and, to a lesser extent, profit on higher sales in local currencies. The company’s references throughout this discussion to productivity improvements generally refer to improved cost efficiencies from its Practical Process Improvement (PPI) business system, reduced costs resulting from global sourcing initiatives, a lower cost structure following restructuring actions, including headcount reductions and consolidation of facilities, and low cost region manufacturing.
The company recorded a benefit from income taxes in 2015. In 2015, the company implemented tax planning initiatives related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. These initiatives resulted in additional foreign tax credits of $111 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $46 million on the related foreign income (net benefit of $66 million), which reduced the company’s effective rate by 3.4 percentage points. The company also implemented foreign tax credit planning in Sweden which resulted in $80 million of foreign tax credits, with no related incremental U.S. income tax expense. In addition, the company recorded tax benefits totaling $54 million, or 2.8 percentage points, related to additional prior year foreign tax and other credits as well as restructuring and other costs associated with the 2014 acquisition of Life Technologies. The tax provision in the 2015 period was favorably affected by $37 million, or 1.9 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates. The effective tax rate in both 2015 and 2014 was also affected by relatively significant earnings in lower tax jurisdictions. Due primarily to the non-deductibility of intangible asset amortization for tax purposes, the company’s cash payments for income taxes were higher than its income tax expense for financial reporting purposes and totaled $477 million and $586 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The company’s effective tax rate was 9.2% in 2014. The 2014 provision for income taxes included $390 million related to gains on the sales of businesses. Aside from the discrete tax on the gains, the company had a benefit from income taxes primarily due to restructuring and other costs associated with the acquisition of Life Technologies as well as an increase in the expected benefit from foreign tax credits. In 2014, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $172 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $55 million on the related foreign income. The net result of these transactions favorably affected the income tax provision by $117 million and reduced the company’s effective tax rate by 5.6 percentage points in 2014. The federal tax credit for 2014 research and development activities favorably affected the tax provision in 2014 by $20 million, or 1.0 percentage point. In 2014, the company recognized a discrete

24


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview of Results of Operations and Liquidity (continued)

tax benefit of $15 million, or 0.7 percentage points, attributable to tax rulings related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. The tax provision in the 2014 period was favorably affected by $5.5 million, or 0.3 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates.
The company expects its effective tax rate in 2016 will be less than 3% based on currently forecasted rates of profitability in the countries in which the company conducts business and expected generation of foreign tax credits.
Income from continuing operations increased to $1.98 billion in 2015, from $1.90 billion in 2014. The decrease in operating income in the 2015 period (discussed above) was more than offset by an increase in the income tax benefit in the 2015 period (discussed above) and a decrease in interest expense of $65 million primarily due to a reduction in outstanding debt and effective interest rates.
During 2015, the company’s cash flow from operations totaled $2.82 billion compared with $2.62 billion for 2014. The increase resulted from cash disbursements in the 2014 period totaling $325 million related to the acquisition of Life Technologies, including severance obligations, third-party transaction/integration costs and monetizing certain equity awards held by Life Technologies employees at the date of acquisition, offset in part by lower payments in 2014 for incentive compensation as a result of Life Technologies having paid its annual incentive compensation prior to the acquisition.
As of December 31, 2015, the company’s short-term debt totaled $1.05 billion, including $1.00 billion of senior notes, due in the next twelve months and $50 million of commercial paper obligations. The company has a revolving credit facility with a bank group that provides up to $2.00 billion of unsecured multi-currency revolving credit. If the company borrows under this facility, it intends to leave undrawn an amount equivalent to outstanding commercial paper to provide a source of funds in the event that commercial paper markets are not available. As of December 31, 2015, no borrowings were outstanding under the company’s revolving credit facility, although available capacity was reduced by approximately $65 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit.
The company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents of $452 million as of December 31, 2015 and its future cash flow from operations together with available borrowing capacity under its revolving credit agreement will be sufficient to meet the cash requirements of its existing businesses for the foreseeable future, including at least the next 24 months.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations is based upon its financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and related disclosure of contingent liabilities. On an on-going basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to bad debts, inventories, business combinations, intangible assets and goodwill, sales returns, income taxes, contingencies and litigation, and pension costs. Management believes the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their significance to the consolidated financial statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. Management bases its estimates on historical experience, current market and economic conditions and other assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The results of these estimates form the basis for judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities where the values are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
The company believes the following represent its critical accounting policies and estimates used in the preparation of its financial statements:
(a)
Accounts Receivable
The company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to pay amounts due. Such allowances totaled $70 million at December 31, 2015. The company estimates the amount of customer receivables that are uncollectible based on the age of the receivable, the creditworthiness of the customer and any other information that is relevant to the judgment. If the financial condition of the company’s customers were to deteriorate, reducing their ability to make payments, additional allowances would be required.
(b)
Inventories
The company writes down its inventories for estimated excess quantities and obsolescence based on differences between the cost and estimated net realizable value taking into consideration usage in the preceding 12 months,

25


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (continued)

expected demand and any other information that is relevant to the judgment. If ultimate usage or demand varies significantly from expected usage or demand, additional writedowns may be required.
(c)
Intangible Assets and Goodwill
The company uses assumptions and estimates in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. The determination of the fair value of intangible assets, which represent a significant portion of the purchase price in many of the company’s acquisitions, requires the use of significant judgment with regard to (i) the fair value; and (ii) whether such intangibles are amortizable or non-amortizable and, if the former, the period and the method by which the intangible asset will be amortized. The company estimates the fair value of acquisition-related intangible assets principally based on projections of cash flows that will arise from identifiable intangible assets of acquired businesses. The projected cash flows are discounted to determine the present value of the assets at the dates of acquisition. Definite-lived intangible assets totaled $11.51 billion at December 31, 2015. The company reviews definite-lived intangible assets for impairment when indication of potential impairment exists, such as a significant reduction in cash flows associated with the assets. Actual cash flows arising from a particular intangible asset could vary from projected cash flows which could imply different carrying values from those established at the dates of acquisition and which could result in impairment of such asset.
The company evaluates goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually and when events occur or circumstances change that may reduce the fair value of the asset below its carrying amount. Events or circumstances that might require an interim evaluation include unexpected adverse business conditions, economic factors, unanticipated technological changes or competitive activities, loss of key personnel and acts by governments and courts. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled $18.83 billion and $1.25 billion, respectively, at December 31, 2015. Estimates of future cash flows require assumptions related to revenue and operating income growth, asset-related expenditures, working capital levels and other factors. Different assumptions from those made in the company’s analysis could materially affect projected cash flows and the company’s evaluation of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment.
Projections of profitability for 2016 and thereafter and indicated fair values based on peer revenues and earnings trading multiples were sufficient to conclude that no impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets existed at the end of the tenth fiscal month of 2015, the date of the company’s impairment testing. There can be no assurance, however, that an economic downturn will not materially adversely affect peer trading multiples and the company’s businesses such that they do not achieve their forecasted profitability and these assets become impaired. Should the fair value of the company’s goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets decline because of reduced operating performance, market declines, or other indicators of impairment, or as a result of changes in the discount rate, charges for impairment may be necessary.
(d)
Revenues
In instances where the company sells equipment with a related installation obligation, the company generally recognizes revenue related to the equipment when title passes. The company recognizes revenue related to the installation when it performs the installation. The allocation of revenue between the equipment and the installation is based on relative selling price at the time of sale. Should the relative value of either the equipment or the installation change, the company’s revenue recognition would be affected.
In instances where the company sells equipment with customer-specified acceptance criteria, the company must assess whether it can demonstrate adherence to the acceptance criteria prior to the customer’s acceptance testing to determine the timing of revenue recognition. If the nature of customer-specified acceptance criteria were to change or grow in complexity such that the company could not demonstrate adherence, the company would be required to defer additional revenues upon shipment of its products until completion of customer acceptance testing.
The company records reductions to revenue for estimated product returns by customers. Should a greater or lesser number of products be returned, additional adjustments to revenue may be required.
(e)
Income Taxes
In the ordinary course of business there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying the company’s income tax positions. The company assesses income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. For those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, the company has recorded the largest

26


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates (continued)

amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. The company’s reserve for these matters totaled $350 million at December 31, 2015. Where applicable, associated interest expense has also been recognized as a component of the provision for income taxes.
The company operates in numerous countries under many legal forms and, as a result, is subject to the jurisdiction of numerous domestic and non-U.S. tax authorities, as well as to tax agreements and treaties among these governments. Determination of taxable income in any jurisdiction requires the interpretation of the related tax laws and regulations and the use of estimates and assumptions regarding significant future events, such as the amount, timing and character of deductions, permissible revenue recognition methods under the tax law and the sources and character of income and tax credits. Changes in tax laws, regulations, agreements and treaties, currency exchange restrictions or the company’s level of operations or profitability in each taxing jurisdiction could have an impact upon the amount of current and deferred tax balances and hence the company’s net income.
The company estimates the degree to which tax assets and loss carryforwards will result in a benefit, based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction, and provides a valuation allowance for tax assets and loss carryforwards that it believes will more likely than not go unused. If it becomes more likely than not that a tax asset or loss carryforward will be used, the company reverses the related valuation allowance. Any such reversals are recorded as a reduction of the company’s tax provision. The company’s tax valuation allowance totaled $109 million at December 31, 2015. Should the company’s actual future taxable income by tax jurisdiction vary from estimates, additional allowances or reversals thereof may be necessary.
The company provides a liability for future income tax payments in the worldwide tax jurisdictions in which it operates. Should tax return positions that the company expects are sustainable not be sustained upon audit, the company could be required to record an incremental tax provision for such taxes. Should previously unrecognized tax benefits ultimately be sustained, a reduction in the company’s tax provision would result.
(f)
Contingencies and Litigation
The company records accruals for various contingencies, including legal proceedings, environmental, workers’ compensation, product, general and auto liabilities, and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on management’s judgment, historical claims experience, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and or external legal counsel and actuarial estimates. Accruals of acquired businesses, including product liability and environmental accruals, were initially recorded at fair value and discounted to their net present value. Additionally, the company records receivables from third-party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.
(g)
Pension and Other Retiree Benefits
Several of the company’s U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries sponsor defined benefit pension and other retiree benefit plans. The cost and obligations of these arrangements are calculated using many assumptions to estimate the benefits that the employee earns while working, the amount of which cannot be completely determined until the benefit payments cease. Major assumptions used in the accounting for these employee benefit plans include the discount rate, expected return on plan assets and rate of increase in employee compensation levels. Assumptions are determined based on company data and appropriate market indicators in consultation with third-party actuaries, and are evaluated each year as of the plans’ measurement date. Net periodic pension costs for the company’s pension and other postretirement benefit plans totaled $29 million in 2015. The company’s unfunded benefit obligation totaled $528 million at year-end 2015 compared with $540 million at year-end 2014. Should any of these assumptions change, they would have an effect on net periodic pension costs and the unfunded benefit obligation. For example, a 10% decrease in the discount rate would result in an annual increase in pension and other postretirement benefit expense of approximately $2 million and an increase in the benefit obligation of approximately $102 million.
As of December 31, 2015, the company expects to contribute between $30 and $50 million to its existing defined benefit pension plans in 2016.

27


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Results of Operations
2015 Compared With 2014
Continuing Operations
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Total
Change

 
Currency
Translation

 
Acquisitions/
Divestitures

 
Operations

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,439.4

 
$
4,195.7

 
$
243.7

 
$
(263.8
)
 
$
305.9

 
$
201.6

Analytical Instruments
 
3,208.2

 
3,252.2

 
(44.0
)
 
(188.8
)
 
4.1

 
140.7

Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,243.9

 
3,343.6

 
(99.7
)
 
(196.6
)
 
10.8

 
86.1

Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,661.5

 
6,601.5

 
60.0

 
(302.9
)
 
(101.9
)
 
464.8

Eliminations
 
(587.6
)
 
(503.4
)
 
(84.2
)
 
13.8

 
(7.4
)
 
(90.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Revenues
 
$
16,965.4

 
$
16,889.6

 
$
75.8

 
$
(938.3
)
 
$
211.5

 
$
802.6

Sales in 2015 were $16.97 billion, an increase of $76 million from 2014. The unfavorable effects of currency translation resulted in a decrease in revenues of $938 million in 2015. Sales increased $212 million due to acquisitions, principally Life Technologies, net of divestitures. Aside from the effects of currency translation and acquisitions/divestitures, revenues increased $803 million (5%) primarily due to increased demand. Sales to customers in the company’s primary end markets grew. Demand from customers in pharmaceutical and biotech industries was particularly strong. Sales growth was moderate in North America and Europe and strong in Asia.
In 2015, total company operating income and operating income margin were $2.34 billion and 13.8%, respectively, compared with $2.50 billion and 14.8%, respectively, in 2014. The decrease in operating income and operating income margin was primarily due to net gains of $895 million on the sale of businesses in 2014, offset in part by $450 million of charges in 2014 associated with the February 2014 acquisition of Life Technologies. The unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange also contributed to the decrease in profitability. These factors that reduced operating income in 2015 were offset in part by productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases and, to a lesser extent, profit on higher sales in local currencies.
In 2015, the company recorded restructuring and other costs, net, of $171 million, including $9 million of charges to cost of revenues for the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition and, to a lesser extent, accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation; $46 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses primarily for charges associated with product liability litigation, third-party transaction and integration costs primarily related to the acquisitions of Life Technologies and Alfa Aesar, and accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation. In addition, the company recorded $82 million of cash restructuring costs primarily for actions to achieve synergies from the Life Technologies acquisition and for abandoned facilities costs associated with a manufacturing facility in the U.S. The company’s other businesses incurred costs for continued headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including severance at several businesses and abandoned facility expenses at businesses that have been or are being consolidated, including the consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia. The company also recorded charges for litigation-related matters associated with acquired businesses and impairment of acquired technology in development. These costs were partially offset by gains on the sale of a small product line and real estate (see Note 14).
In 2014, the company recorded restructuring and other income, net, of $140 million, including net gains on the sale of businesses and real estate of $895 million and $15 million, respectively, offset in part by $328 million of charges to cost of revenues primarily for the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition; $131 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses primarily for transaction costs related to the acquisition of Life Technologies; and $29 million of charges for pension settlements. The company incurred $268 million of cash restructuring costs primarily associated with the Life Technologies acquisition including cash compensation to monetize certain equity awards held by Life Technologies employees at the date of acquisition and severance obligations to former executives and employees of Life Technologies. In addition, the company’s other businesses incurred costs for continued headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including severance at several businesses and abandoned facility expenses at businesses that

28


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

have been or are being consolidated, including the consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia.
As of February 25, 2016, the company has identified restructuring actions that will result in additional charges of approximately $55 million in 2016 and expects to identify additional actions during 2016 which will be recorded when specified criteria are met, such as abandonment of leased facilities. Approximately 70% of the additional charges will be incurred in the Life Sciences Solutions segment, with the remainder incurred across the company’s remaining segments. The restructuring projects for which charges were incurred in 2015 are expected to result in annual cost savings of approximately $100 million beginning in part in 2015 and, to a greater extent, in 2016, including $50 million in the Life Sciences Solutions segment, $25 million in the Analytical Instruments segment, $10 million in the Specialty Diagnostics segment and $15 million in the Laboratory Products and Services segment. The restructuring actions for which charges were incurred in 2014 resulted in annual cost savings of approximately $120 million beginning in part in 2014 and to a greater extent in 2015, including $80 million in the Life Sciences Solutions segment, $10 million in the Analytical Instruments segment, $10 million in the Specialty Diagnostics segment and $20 million in the Laboratory Products and Services segment.
Segment Results
The company’s management evaluates segment operating performance using operating income before certain charges/credits to cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses, principally associated with acquisition-related activities; restructuring and other costs/income including costs arising from facility consolidations such as severance and abandoned lease expense and gains and losses from the sale of real estate and product lines; and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. The company also refers to this measure as adjusted operating income. The company uses this measure because it helps management understand and evaluate the segments’ core operating results and facilitate comparison of performance for determining compensation (Note 3). Accordingly, the following segment data is reported on this basis. 
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,439.4

 
$
4,195.7

 
6
 %
Analytical Instruments
 
3,208.2

 
3,252.2

 
(1
)%
Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,243.9

 
3,343.6

 
(3
)%
Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,661.5

 
6,601.5

 
1
 %
Eliminations
 
(587.6
)
 
(503.4
)
 
17
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Revenues
 
$
16,965.4

 
$
16,889.6

 
0
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Income
 
 

 
 

 
 

Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
1,336.9

 
$
1,214.9

 
10
 %
Analytical Instruments
 
612.8

 
581.1

 
5
 %
Specialty Diagnostics
 
872.9

 
916.0

 
(5
)%
Laboratory Products and Services
 
999.1

 
982.8

 
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal Reportable Segments
 
3,821.7

 
3,694.8

 
3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Revenues Charges
 
(9.1
)
 
(327.6
)
 
 

Selling, General and Administrative Charges, Net
 
(46.3
)
 
(130.7
)
 
 

Restructuring and Other (Costs) Income, Net
 
(115.3
)
 
598.2

 
 

Amortization of Acquisition-related Intangible Assets
 
(1,314.8
)
 
(1,331.7
)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Operating Income
 
$
2,336.2

 
$
2,503.0

 
(7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reportable Segments Operating Income Margin
 
22.5
%
 
21.9
%
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Operating Income Margin
 
13.8
%
 
14.8
%
 
 


29


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

Income from the company’s reportable segments increased 3% to $3.82 billion in 2015 due primarily to productivity improvements, net of inflationary costs increases and, to a lesser extent, profit on higher sales in local currencies, offset in part by the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange and strategic growth investments.
Life Sciences Solutions
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
4,439.4

 
$
4,195.7

 
6
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
30.1
%
 
29.0
%
 
1.1 pt

Sales in the Life Sciences Solutions segment increased $244 million to $4.44 billion in 2015 primarily due to the acquisition of Life Technologies, net of divestitures. Had the acquisition of Life Technologies been completed at the beginning of 2013, revenues for the 2015 period would have decreased $25 million compared to pro forma 2014 revenues, including a decrease of $278 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation, offset in part by an increase of $213 million (5%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses and an increase of $40 million due to other acquisitions, net of dispositions. The increase in pro forma revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for bioprocess production products as well as biosciences products.
Operating income margin was 30.1% in 2015 compared to 29.0% in 2014. The increase resulted primarily from productivity improvements (including acquisition cost synergies), net of inflationary cost increases and favorable sales mix. These increases were offset in part by the unfavorable impact of foreign currency exchange and, to a lesser extent, by exclusion in 2014 of January’s lower margin results for Life Technologies. Results for January commonly have a lower margin rate than results for the balance of the quarter, due to the phasing of revenue and costs.
Analytical Instruments
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,208.2

 
$
3,252.2

 
(1
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
19.1
%
 
17.9
%
 
1.2 pt

Sales in the Analytical Instruments segment decreased $44 million to $3.21 billion in 2015. Sales decreased $189 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation, offset in part by increases of $141 million (4%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses and $4 million due to acquisitions. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for chromatography products and, to a lesser extent, sales of service offerings and increased demand for mass spectrometry instruments. These increases were offset in part by modestly lower sales of chemical analysis products due primarily to softness in certain commodity materials markets.
Operating income margin was 19.1% in 2015 compared to 17.9% in 2014. The increase resulted primarily from productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases and profit on incremental sales in local currencies, offset in part by strategic growth investments and the impact of unfavorable foreign currency exchange.
Specialty Diagnostics
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,243.9

 
$
3,343.6

 
(3
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
26.9
%
 
27.4
%
 
-0.5 pt

Sales in the Specialty Diagnostics segment decreased $100 million to $3.24 billion in 2015. Sales decreased $197 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation offset in part by $86 million (3%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses and $11 million due to an acquisition net of a divestiture. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for clinical diagnostics products, products sold through the segment’s healthcare market

30


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

channel and immunodiagnostics products. These increases were offset in part by lower sales due to the expiration, in late 2014, of an OEM contract following the acquisition of the customer by a competitor.
Operating income margin was 26.9% in 2015 and 27.4% in 2014. The decrease resulted primarily from strategic growth investments and unfavorable foreign currency exchange, offset in part by productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases.
Laboratory Products and Services
(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
6,661.5

 
$
6,601.5

 
1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
15.0
%
 
14.9
%
 
0.1 pt

Sales in the Laboratory Products and Services segment increased $60 million to $6.66 billion in 2015. Sales increased $465 million (7%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses. This increase was offset in part by $303 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation and $102 million due to a disposition, net of an acquisition. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for products in each of the segment’s principal businesses.
Operating income margin was 15.0% in 2015 and 14.9% in 2014. The increase was primarily due to productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases as well as profit on incremental sales in local currencies offset in part by unfavorable sales mix and strategic growth investments.
Other Expense, Net
The company reported other expense, net, of $400 million and $416 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively (Note 4). Interest expense decreased $65 million primarily due to a reduction in outstanding debt and effective interest rates. In 2015, other items, net includes losses of $12 million on the early extinguishment of debt and costs of $7.5 million associated with entering into interest rate swap arrangements. In 2014, other items, net includes net gains of $9 million on the sale of investments.
Provision for Income Taxes
The company recorded a benefit from income taxes in 2015. In 2015, the company implemented tax planning initiatives related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. These initiatives resulted in additional foreign tax credits of $111 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $46 million on the related foreign income (net benefit of $66 million), which reduced the company’s effective rate by 3.4 percentage points. The company also implemented foreign tax credit planning in Sweden which resulted in $80 million of foreign tax credits, with no related incremental U.S. income tax expense. In addition, the company recorded tax benefits totaling $54 million, or 2.8 percentage points, related to additional prior year foreign tax and other credits as well as restructuring and other costs associated with the 2014 acquisition of Life Technologies. The tax provision in the 2015 period was favorably affected by $37 million, or 1.9 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates. The effective tax rate in both 2015 and 2014 was also affected by relatively significant earnings in lower tax jurisdictions. Due primarily to the non-deductibility of intangible asset amortization for tax purposes, the company’s cash payments for income taxes were higher than its income tax expense for financial reporting purposes and totaled $477 million and $586 million in 2015 and 2014, respectively.
The company’s effective tax rate was 9.2% in 2014. The 2014 provision for income taxes included $390 million related to gains on the sales of businesses. Aside from the discrete tax on the gains, the company had a benefit from income taxes primarily due to restructuring and other costs associated with the acquisition of Life Technologies as well as an increase in the expected benefit from foreign tax credits. In 2014, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $172 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $55 million on the related foreign income. The net result of these transactions favorably affected the income tax provision by $117 million and reduced the company’s effective tax rate by 5.6 percentage points in 2014. The federal tax credit for 2014 research and development activities favorably affected the tax provision in 2014 by $20 million, or 1.0 percentage point. In 2014, the company recognized a discrete tax benefit of $15 million, or 0.7 percentage points, attributable to tax rulings related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. The tax provision in the 2014 period was favorably affected by $5.5 million, or 0.3 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates.

31


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

The company expects its effective tax rate in 2016 will be less than 3% based on currently forecasted rates of profitability in the countries in which the company conducts business and expected generation of foreign tax credits.
The company has operations and a taxable presence in approximately 50 countries outside the U.S. All of these countries except one have a lower tax rate than the U.S. The countries in which the company has a material presence that have significantly lower tax rates than the U.S. include Germany, the Netherlands, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The company’s ability to obtain a benefit from lower tax rates outside the U.S. is dependent on its relative levels of income in countries outside the U.S. and on the statutory tax rates in those countries. Based on the dispersion of the company’s non-U.S. income tax provision among many countries, the company believes that a change in the statutory tax rate in any individual country is not likely to materially affect the company’s income tax provision or net income, aside from any resulting one-time adjustment to the company’s deferred tax balances to reflect a new rate.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
A description of recently issued accounting standards is included under the heading “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” in Note 1.
Contingent Liabilities
The company is contingently liable with respect to certain legal proceedings and related matters. An unfavorable outcome that differs materially from current accrual estimates, if any, for one or more of the matters described under the headings “Product Liability, Workers Compensation and Other Personal Injury Matters" and "Intellectual Property Matters" in Note 10 could have a material adverse effect on the company’s financial position as well as its results of operations and cash flows.
2014 Compared With 2013
Continuing Operations
(In millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Total
Change

 
Currency
Translation

 
Acquisitions/
Divestitures

 
Operations

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,195.7

 
$
712.5

 
$
3,483.2

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
3,446.2

 
$
37.2

Analytical Instruments
 
3,252.2

 
3,154.2

 
98.0

 
(29.9
)
 
15.3

 
112.6

Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,343.6

 
3,191.7

 
151.9

 
(12.4
)
 
10.1

 
154.2

Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,601.5

 
6,398.8

 
202.7

 
(16.9
)
 
(92.5
)
 
312.1

Eliminations
 
(503.4
)
 
(366.9
)
 
(136.5
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(69.3
)
 
(66.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Revenues
 
$
16,889.6

 
$
13,090.3

 
$
3,799.3

 
$
(59.7
)
 
$
3,309.8

 
$
549.2

Sales in 2014 were $16.89 billion, an increase of $3.80 billion from 2013. Sales increased $3.31 billion due to acquisitions, net of divestitures. The unfavorable effects of currency translation resulted in a decrease in revenues of $60 million in 2014. Aside from the effects of currency translation and acquisitions/divestitures, revenues increased $549 million (4%) primarily due to increased demand. Demand from biopharma customers remained strong. Sales to customers in healthcare and industrial markets grew moderately while sales to academic and government markets grew modestly in 2014. Sales growth was strong in Europe and moderate in North America and Asia.
In 2014, total company operating income and operating income margin were $2.50 billion and 14.8%, respectively, compared with $1.61 billion and 12.3%, respectively, in 2013. The increase in operating income and operating income margin was primarily due to net gains of $895 million on the sale of businesses, inclusion of Life Technologies’ results from the date of acquisition and, to a lesser extent, productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases. These increases were offset in part by $450 million of charges associated with the acquisition, as discussed below, as well as $569 million of higher amortization expenses, also primarily related to the acquisition.
In 2014, the company recorded restructuring and other income, net, of $140 million, including net gains on the sale of businesses and real estate of $895 million and $15 million, respectively, offset in part by $328 million of charges to cost of revenues primarily for the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition; $131 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses primarily for transaction costs related to the acquisition of Life Technologies; and $29 million of charges for pension settlements. The company incurred $268 million of cash restructuring costs primarily associated with the

32


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

Life Technologies acquisition including cash compensation to monetize certain equity awards held by Life Technologies employees at the date of acquisition and severance obligations to former executives and employees of Life Technologies. In addition, the company’s other businesses incurred costs for continued headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including severance at several businesses and abandoned facility expenses at businesses that have been or are being consolidated, including the consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia (see Note 14).
In 2013, the company recorded restructuring and other costs, net, of $180 million, including $29 million of charges to cost of revenues primarily related to the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition and, to a lesser extent, accelerated depreciation on manufacturing assets to be abandoned due to facility consolidations and $74 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consisting of transaction costs related to the acquisition of Life Technologies, changes in estimates of contingent consideration for an acquisition and a charge associated with product liability litigation. The company incurred $78 million of cash restructuring costs primarily for continued headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including severance at several businesses and abandoned facility expenses at businesses that were being consolidated. The cash costs also included $4 million of transaction expenses related to the agreement to sell its sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses (see Note 2).
The restructuring actions for which charges were incurred in 2013 resulted in annual cost savings of approximately $80 million beginning in part in 2013 and to a greater extent in 2014, including $5 million in the Life Sciences Solutions segment, $30 million in the Analytical Instruments segment, $20 million in the Specialty Diagnostics segment and $25 million in the Laboratory Products and Services segment.
Segment Results
(Dollars in millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,195.7

 
$
712.5

 
489
%
Analytical Instruments
 
3,252.2

 
3,154.2

 
3
%
Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,343.6

 
3,191.7

 
5
%
Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,601.5

 
6,398.8

 
3
%
Eliminations
 
(503.4
)
 
(366.9
)
 
37
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Revenues
 
$
16,889.6

 
$
13,090.3

 
29
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Income
 
 

 
 

 
 

Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
1,214.9

 
$
169.7

 
616
%
Analytical Instruments
 
581.1

 
558.7

 
4
%
Specialty Diagnostics
 
916.0

 
863.7

 
6
%
Laboratory Products and Services
 
982.8

 
960.4

 
2
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal Reportable Segments
 
3,694.8

 
2,552.5

 
45
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of Revenues Charges
 
(327.6
)
 
(28.6
)
 
 

Selling, General and Administrative Costs, Net
 
(130.7
)
 
(73.5
)
 
 

Restructuring and Other Income (Costs), Net
 
598.2

 
(77.7
)
 
 

Amortization of Acquisition-related Intangible Assets
 
(1,331.7
)
 
(763.1
)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Operating Income
 
$
2,503.0

 
$
1,609.6

 
56
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reportable Segments Operating Income Margin
 
21.9
%
 
19.5
%
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Operating Income Margin
 
14.8
%
 
12.3
%
 
 


33


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

Income from the company’s reportable segments increased 45% to $3.69 billion in 2014 due primarily to the acquisition of Life Technologies and to a lesser extent, productivity improvements, net of inflationary costs increases, offset in part by strategic growth investments.
Life Sciences Solutions
(Dollars in millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
4,195.7

 
$
712.5

 
489
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
29.0
%
 
23.8
%
 
5.2pt

Sales in the Life Sciences Solutions segment increased $3.48 billion to $4.20 billion in 2014 primarily due to the acquisition of Life Technologies, net of divestitures. Had the acquisition of Life Technologies been completed at the beginning of 2013, pro forma revenues for the 2014 period would have decreased $38 million compared to pro forma 2013 revenues, including a decrease of $151 million due to dispositions, net of other acquisitions and a decrease of $45 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation, offset in part by an increase of $158 million (4%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses. The increase in pro forma revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for biosciences and bioprocess production products, offset in part by lower licensing revenues.
Operating income margin was 29.0% in 2014 compared to 23.8% in 2013. The increase resulted primarily from higher operating margins in Life Technologies’ businesses relative to the segment’s legacy operations and, to a lesser extent, productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases.
Analytical Instruments
(Dollars in millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,252.2

 
$
3,154.2

 
3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
17.9
%
 
17.7
%
 
0.2pt

Sales in the Analytical Instruments segment increased $98 million to $3.25 billion in 2014. Sales increased $113 million (4%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses and $15 million due to acquisitions, offset in part by a decrease of $30 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for chromatography and mass spectrometry instruments and, to a lesser extent, environmental instruments. These increases were offset in part by modestly lower sales of chemical analysis products due primarily to softness in certain commodity markets such as minerals.
Operating income margin was 17.9% in 2014 compared to 17.7% in 2013. The increase resulted primarily from productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases and, to a lesser extent, profit from favorable sales mix. The increases were offset in part by strategic growth investments.
Specialty Diagnostics
(Dollars in millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,343.6

 
$
3,191.7

 
5
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
27.4
%
 
27.1
%
 
0.3pt

Sales in the Specialty Diagnostics segment increased $152 million to $3.34 billion in 2014. Sales increased $154 million (5%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses and $10 million due to an acquisition net of a divestiture, offset in part by a decrease of $12 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for immunodiagnostics products, products sold through the segment’s healthcare market channel and, to a lesser extent, clinical diagnostics products.

34


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Results of Operations (continued)

Operating income margin was 27.4% in 2014 and 27.1% in 2013. The increase resulted primarily from favorable sales mix and, to a lesser extent, productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases. These increases were offset in part by strategic growth investments.
Laboratory Products and Services
(Dollars in millions)
 
2014

 
2013

 
Change

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
6,601.5

 
$
6,398.8

 
3
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income Margin
 
14.9
%
 
15.0
%
 
(0.1)pt

Sales in the Laboratory Products and Services segment increased $203 million to $6.60 billion in 2014. Sales increased $312 million (5%) due to higher revenues at existing businesses. The increase was offset in part by a decrease of $93 million due to dispositions and $17 million due to the unfavorable effects of currency translation. The increase in revenue at existing businesses was primarily due to increased demand for laboratory products and, to a lesser extent, clinical trial logistics services.
Operating income margin was 14.9% in 2014 and 15.0% in 2013. The decrease resulted primarily from strategic growth investments offset in part by productivity improvements, net of inflationary cost increases.
Other Expense, Net
The company reported other expense, net, of $416 million and $290 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively (Note 4). Interest expense increased $218 million primarily due to the debt issued and assumed in connection with the acquisition of Life Technologies. In 2014, the company realized net gains of $9 million from equity and available-for-sale investments. In 2013, the company recorded $74 million of charges related to amortization of fees paid to obtain bridge financing commitments related to the acquisition of Life Technologies. Also in 2013, the company irrevocably contributed appreciated available-for-sale investments that had a fair value of $27 million to two of its U.K. defined benefit plans, resulting in realization of a previously unrecognized gain of $11 million.
Provision for Income Taxes
The company’s effective tax rates were 9.2% and 3.1% in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The 2014 provision for income taxes includes $390 million related to gains on the sales of businesses. Aside from the discrete tax on the gains, the company had a benefit from income taxes primarily due to restructuring and other costs associated with the acquisition of Life Technologies as well as an increase in the expected benefit from foreign tax credits. In 2014, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $172 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $55 million on the related foreign income. The net result of these transactions favorably affected the income tax provision by $117 million and reduced the company’s effective tax rate by 5.6 percentage points in 2014. The federal tax credit for 2014 research and development activities favorably affected the tax provision in 2014 by $20 million, or 1.0 percentage point. In 2014, the company recognized a discrete tax benefit of $15 million, or 0.7 percentage points, attributable to tax rulings related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. Due primarily to the non-deductibility of intangible asset amortization, the company’s cash payments (net of refunds) for income taxes were higher than its income tax expense for financial reporting purposes and totaled $586 million and $230 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively. The effective tax rate in both periods was also affected by relatively significant earnings in lower tax jurisdictions. The tax provision in the 2014 period was favorably affected by $5.5 million, or 0.3 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates.
In 2013, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $160 million offset by additional U.S. income taxes of $56 million on the related foreign income. The net result of these transactions favorably affected the income tax provision by $104 million and reduced the company’s effective tax rate by 7.9 percentage points in 2013. In addition, the effective tax rate in 2013 was also reduced by the U.S. Congress’ renewal in January 2013 of a tax credit for research and development activities for 2012 and 2013 and, to a lesser extent, financing costs associated with the acquisition of Life Technologies that are deductible in the U.S. The federal tax credit for 2012 and 2013 research and development activities favorably affected the tax provision in 2013 by $15 million, or 1.2 percentage points. The tax provision in the 2013 period was unfavorably affected by $5 million, or 0.4 percentage points, as a result of adjustments to deferred tax balances due to changes in tax rates and audit settlements.

35


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Consolidated working capital was $1.59 billion at December 31, 2015, compared with $1.19 billion at December 31, 2014. Included in working capital were cash and cash equivalents of $452 million at December 31, 2015 and $1.34 billion at December 31, 2014. The increase in working capital is primarily due to a decrease in current debt offset in part by lower cash balances.
2015
Cash provided by operating activities was $2.82 billion during 2015. Increases in accounts receivable and inventories used cash of $149 million and $141 million, respectively, primarily to support growth in sales in local currencies. An increase in other assets used cash of $254 million primarily related to the timing of tax payments/refunds. An increase in other liabilities provided cash of $148 million primarily due to the timing of payments for income taxes and incentive compensation. Cash payments for income taxes decreased to $477 million during 2015, compared with $586 million in 2014 that included taxes associated with gains on divestitures. The company made cash contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans totaling $38 million during 2015. Payments for restructuring actions, principally severance costs and lease and other expenses of real estate consolidation, used cash of $97 million during 2015.
During 2015, the company’s investing activities used $1.09 billion of cash. Acquisitions used cash of $695 million. The company’s investing activities also included the purchase of $423 million of property, plant and equipment. In January 2016, the company announced an agreement to acquire Affymetrix for approximately $1.3 billion in cash. The transaction, which is expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2016, is subject to the approval of Affymetrix shareholders and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including applicable regulatory approvals. The company expects to issue debt in advance of closing the acquisition of Affymetrix to partially fund the acquisition.
The company’s financing activities used $2.49 billion of cash during 2015. Repayments of long-term debt totaled $3.78 billion. Issuance of senior notes provided cash of $1.80 billion and an increase in commercial paper obligations provided cash of $50 million. The company’s financing activities also included the repurchase of $500 million of the company’s common stock and the payment of $241 million in cash dividends, offset in part by $124 million of proceeds from employee stock option exercises. On November 12, 2015, the Board of Directors replaced the existing repurchase authorization with a new authorization to repurchase up to $1.00 billion of the company’s common stock. At December 31, 2015, $1.00 billion was available for future repurchases of the company’s common stock under this authorization. In the first quarter of 2016 through February 25, 2016, the company repurchased $500 million of its common stock under this authorization.
As of December 31, 2015, the company’s short-term debt totaled $1.05 billion, including $1.00 billion of senior notes, due in the next twelve months and $50 million of commercial paper obligations. The company has a revolving credit facility with a bank group that provides up to $2.00 billion of unsecured multi-currency revolving credit. If the company borrows under this facility, it intends to leave undrawn an amount equivalent to outstanding commercial paper to provide a source of funds in the event that commercial paper markets are not available. As of December 31, 2015, no borrowings were outstanding under the company’s revolving credit facility, although available capacity was reduced by approximately $65 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit.
Approximately half of the company’s cash balances and cash flows from operations are from outside the U.S. The company uses its non-U.S. cash for needs outside of the U.S. including acquisitions and repayment of acquisition-related intercompany debt to the U.S. In addition, the company also transfers cash to the U.S. using non-taxable returns of capital as well as dividends where the related U.S. foreign tax credit equals or exceeds any tax cost arising from the dividends. As a result of using such means of transferring cash to the U.S., the company does not expect any material adverse liquidity effects from its significant non-U.S. cash balances for the foreseeable future.
The company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents of $452 million as of December 31, 2015 and its future cash flow from operations together with available borrowing capacity under its revolving credit agreement will be sufficient to meet the cash requirements of its existing businesses for the foreseeable future, including at least the next 24 months.
2014
Cash provided by operating activities was $2.62 billion during 2014 primarily from the company’s earnings. Increases in accounts receivable and inventories used cash of $145 million and $110 million, respectively, primarily to support growth in sales. Other assets decreased by $163 million primarily due to collection of tax refunds including those related to legacy Life Technologies’ operations. Other liabilities increased by $308 million primarily due to the timing of payments for incentive compensation and income taxes. In 2014, the company made cash payments including monetizing certain equity awards,

36


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)

severance obligations and transaction costs totaling $325 million related to the acquisition of Life Technologies. The company made cash contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans totaling $50 million during 2014. Cash payments for income taxes totaled $586 million.
During 2014, the company’s investing activities used $11.78 billion of cash, principally for the acquisition of Life Technologies. Acquisitions used cash of $13.06 billion. Proceeds from the sale of businesses provided $1.52 billion. The company’s investing activities also included the purchase of $428 million of property, plant and equipment.
The company’s financing activities provided $4.80 billion of cash during 2014. To partially fund the acquisition of Life Technologies, the company borrowed $5.00 billion under an unsecured term loan and issued 34.9 million shares of its common stock for net proceeds of $2.94 billion in cash (Note 11). Other long-term borrowings totaled $1.59 billion. Repayments of long-term debt, principally the term loan, totaled $4.43 billion. A decrease in commercial paper obligations used cash of $250 million. The company’s financing activities also included the receipt of $155 million of proceeds from employee stock option exercises offset by the payment of $235 million in cash dividends.
2013
Cash provided by operating activities was $2.01 billion during 2013, primarily from the company’s earnings. Increases in accounts receivable and inventories used cash of $148 million and $72 million, respectively, primarily to support growth in sales. A decrease in other assets provided cash of $169 million primarily due to timing of income tax refunds. An increase in accounts payable provided cash of $47 million, primarily due to higher inventory purchases. An increase in other liabilities provided cash of $163 million primarily due to the timing of payments for income taxes and incentive compensation. In the 2013, the company paid fees to obtain bridge financing commitments and other transaction costs totaling $108 million related to the acquisition of Life Technologies. The company made cash contributions to its pension and postretirement benefit plans totaling $38 million during 2013. Cash payments for income taxes of continuing operations totaled $230 million. Payments for restructuring actions, principally severance costs and lease and other expenses of real estate consolidation, used cash of $69 million during 2013.
During 2013, the company’s primary investing activity was the purchase of $282 million of property, plant and equipment.
The company’s financing activities provided $3.31 billion of cash during 2013. To partially fund the acquisition of Life Technologies, the company issued $3.20 billion of senior notes. The company’s financing activities also included the receipt of $230 million of proceeds from employee stock option exercises offset by the repurchase of $90 million of the company’s common stock and the payment of $216 million in cash dividends.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The company did not use special purpose entities or other off-balance-sheet financing arrangements in 2013 - 2015 except for letters of credit, bank guarantees, residual value guarantees under two lease agreements, surety bonds and other guarantees disclosed in the table or discussed below. Of the amounts disclosed in the table below for letters of credit, bank guarantees, surety bonds and other guarantees, $18 million relates to guarantees of the performance of third parties, principally in connection with businesses that were sold. The balance relates to guarantees of the company’s own performance, primarily in the ordinary course of business.

37


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)

Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
The table below summarizes, by period due or expiration of commitment, the company’s contractual obligations and other commercial commitments as of December 31, 2015.
 
 
Payments due by Period or Expiration of Commitment
(In millions)
 
2016

 
2017 and 2018

 
2019 and 2020

 
2021 and Thereafter

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Contractual Obligations and Other Commercial Commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt principal, including short-term debt (a)
 
$
1,050.1

 
$
1,850.9

 
$
2,411.7

 
$
7,088.2

 
$
12,400.9

Interest
 
1.0

 
1.7

 
1.1

 
1.2

 
5.0

Capital lease obligations
 
2.9

 
3.5

 
3.8

 
4.7

 
14.9

Operating lease obligations
 
144.0

 
212.8

 
122.4

 
148.8

 
628.0

Unconditional purchase obligations (b)
 
318.3

 
35.9

 
4.3

 
2.0

 
360.5

Letters of credit and bank guarantees
 
118.6

 
10.7

 
16.4

 
1.8

 
147.5

Surety bonds and other guarantees
 
30.4

 
5.6

 
—

 
—

 
36.0

Pension obligations on balance sheet
 
32.9

 
63.9

 
73.0

 
434.5

 
604.3

Asset retirement obligations accrued on balance sheet
 
4.1

 
11.6

 
8.1

 
13.2

 
37.0

Acquisition-related contingent consideration accrued on balance sheet
 
0.8

 
1.1

 
—

 
—

 
1.9

Other (c)
 
1.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,704.6

 
$
2,197.7

 
$
2,640.8

 
$
7,694.4

 
$
14,237.5

(a)
Amounts represent the expected cash payments for debt and do not include any deferred issuance costs.
(b)
Unconditional purchase obligations include agreements to purchase goods, services or fixed assets that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable at any time without penalty.
(c)
Obligation represents funding commitments pursuant to investments held by the company.
Reserves for unrecognized tax benefits of $350 million have not been included in the above table due to the inability to predict the timing of tax audit resolutions.
The company has no material commitments for purchases of property, plant and equipment, other than those included in the above table, but expects that for 2016, such expenditures will approximate $415 to $430 million.
Guarantees of residual value under lease arrangements for two facilities have not been included in the above table due to the inability to predict if and when the guarantees may require payment (see Note 10). The residual value guarantees become operative at the end of the leases for up to a maximum of $111 million. The initial terms of these leases end in 2019 and 2020, although renewal options exist for each.
A guarantee of pension plan obligations of a divested business has not been included in the preceding table due to the inability to predict if and when the guarantee may require payment. The purchaser of the divested business has agreed to pay for the pension benefits, however the company was required to guarantee payment of these pension benefits should the purchaser fail to do so. The amount of the guarantee at December 31, 2015 was $41 million.
In January 2016, the company committed to acquire Affymetrix for approximately $1.3 billion (see Note 16).
In disposing of assets or businesses, the company often provides representations, warranties and/or indemnities to cover various risks including, for example, unknown damage to the assets, environmental risks involved in the sale of real estate, liability to investigate and remediate environmental contamination at waste facilities, and unidentified tax liabilities and related legal fees. The company does not have the ability to estimate the potential liability from such indemnities because they relate to

38


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Liquidity and Capital Resources (continued)

unknown conditions. However, the company has no reason to believe that these uncertainties would have a material adverse effect on its financial position, annual results of operations or cash flows.
The company has recorded liabilities for known indemnifications included as part of environmental liabilities. See Item 1. Business – Environmental Matters for a discussion of these liabilities.

Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates, which could affect its future results of operations and financial condition. The company manages its exposure to these risks through its regular operating and financing activities. The company has periodically hedged interest rate risks of fixed-rate instruments with offsetting interest rate swaps. Additionally, the company uses short-term forward and option contracts primarily to hedge certain balance sheet and operational exposures resulting from changes in currency exchange rates. Such exposures result from purchases, sales, cash and intercompany loans that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the respective operations. The currency-exchange contracts principally hedge transactions denominated in euro, British pounds sterling, Swiss franc, Japanese yen, Norwegian kroner, and Swedish kronor. Income and losses arising from these derivative contracts are recognized as offsets to losses and income resulting from the underlying exposure being hedged. The company does not enter into speculative derivative agreements.
Interest Rates
The company is exposed to changes in interest rates while conducting normal business operations as a result of ongoing investing and financing activities, which affect the company’s debt as well as cash and cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2015, the company’s debt portfolio was comprised primarily of fixed rate borrowings. The fair market value of the company’s fixed interest rate debt is subject to interest rate risk. Generally, the fair market value of fixed interest rate debt will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. The total estimated fair value of the company’s debt at December 31, 2015 was $12.68 billion (see Note 12). Fair values were determined from available market prices using current interest rates and terms to maturity. If interest rates were to decrease by 100 basis points, the fair value of the company’s debt at December 31, 2015 would increase by approximately $630 million. If interest rates were to increase by 100 basis points, the fair value of the company’s debt at December 31, 2015 would decrease by approximately $581 million.
In addition, interest rate changes would result in a change in the company’s interest expense due to variable-rate debt instruments including swap arrangements. In 2015, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates on the swap arrangements would have increased the company’s annual pre-tax interest expense by approximately $33 million.
Currency Exchange Rates
The company views its investment in international subsidiaries with a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar as permanent. The company’s investment in international subsidiaries is sensitive to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. The functional currencies of the company’s international subsidiaries are principally denominated in British pounds sterling, Swedish kronor, euro, Danish kroner and Canadian dollars. The effect of a change in the period ending currency exchange rates on the company’s net investment in international subsidiaries is reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of shareholders’ equity. The company also uses foreign currency-denominated debt to partially hedge its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. A 10% depreciation in year-end 2015 functional currencies, relative to the U.S. dollar, would result in a reduction of shareholders’ equity of $1.11 billion.
The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is sensitive to changes in currency exchange rates. The fair value of forward currency-exchange contracts is the estimated amount that the company would pay or receive upon termination of the contract, taking into account the change in currency exchange rates. A 10% depreciation in year-end 2015 non-functional currency exchange rates related to the company’s contracts would result in an unrealized gain on forward currency-exchange contracts of $6 million. A 10% appreciation in year-end 2015 non-functional currency exchange rates related to the company’s contracts would result in an increase in the unrealized loss on forward currency-exchange contracts of $9 million. The unrealized gains or losses on forward currency-exchange contracts resulting from changes in currency exchange rates are expected to approximately offset losses or gains on the exposures being hedged.
Certain of the company’s cash and cash equivalents are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the depositor and are sensitive to changes in currency exchange rates. A 10% depreciation in the related year-end 2015 non-

39


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.


Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk (continued)

functional currency exchange rates applied to such cash balances would result in a negative impact of $18 million on the company’s net income. 

Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
This data is submitted as a separate section to this report. See Item 15 “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”

Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Not applicable.

Item 9A.
Controls and Procedures
Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The company’s management, with the participation of the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of the company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015, the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) during the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015, that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The company’s management, including the company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the company. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The company’s management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework” (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, the company’s management concluded that, as of December 31, 2015, the company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.
The company’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, has audited the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, as stated in their report that appears on page F-2 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9B.
Other Information
Not applicable.

40


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

PART III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
The information with respect to directors required by this Item will be contained in our definitive proxy statement to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of business of the fiscal year (2016 Definitive Proxy Statement) and is incorporated in this report by reference.
The information with respect to executive officers required by this Item is included in Item 1 of Part I of this report.
The other information required by this Item will be contained in our 2016 Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.

Item 11.
Executive Compensation
The information required by this Item will be contained in our 2016 Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.

Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
The information required by this Item will be contained in our 2016 Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.

Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
The information required by this Item will be contained in our 2016 Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.

Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The information required by this Item will be contained in our 2016 Definitive Proxy Statement and is incorporated in this report by reference.

PART IV
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this report:
(1)
Consolidated Financial Statements (see Index on page F-1 of this report)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheet
Consolidated Statement of Income
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(2)
All schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or not required, or because the required information is included either in the consolidated financial statements or in the notes thereto.
(b)
Exhibits
See the Exhibit Index on page 43.


41


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date:
February 25, 2016
THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Marc N. Casper
 
 
 
Marc N. Casper
 
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated, as of February 25, 2016.
Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Marc N. Casper
 
President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
 
Marc N. Casper
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Jim P. Manzi
 
Chairman of the Board and Director
 
Jim P. Manzi
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Stephen Williamson
 
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
Stephen Williamson
 
(Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Peter E. Hornstra
 
Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
 
Peter E. Hornstra
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Nelson J. Chai
 
Director
 
Nelson J. Chai
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ C. Martin Harris
 
Director
 
C. Martin Harris
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Tyler E. Jacks
 
Director
 
Tyler E. Jacks
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Judy C. Lewent
 
Director
 
Judy C. Lewent
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Thomas J. Lynch
 
Director
 
Thomas J. Lynch
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ William G. Parrett
 
Director
 
William G. Parrett
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Scott M. Sperling
 
Director
 
Scott M. Sperling
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Elaine S. Ullian
 
Director
 
Elaine S. Ullian
 
 

42


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
3.1
 
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
3.2
 
Amendment to Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 14, 2006 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
3.3
 
Certificate of Elimination of the Series B Junior Participating Preferred Stock of the Company, dated November 13, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 16, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
3.4
 
Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended and effective as of July 12, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 14, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
 
 
The Registrant agrees, pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii)(A) of Regulation S-K, to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to long-term debt of the Registrant or its consolidated subsidiaries.
 
 
 
4.1
 
Indenture dated as of November 20, 2009 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on November 20, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.2
 
First Supplemental Indenture dated as of November 20, 2009 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on November 20, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.3
 
Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 27, 2010 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on April 27, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.4
 
Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 22, 2011 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC on February 22, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.5
 
Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 16, 2011 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 16, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.6
 
Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 22, 2012 between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 22, 2012 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.7
 
Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 11, 2013, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 11, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.8
 
Seventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 14, 2014, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 14, 2014 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.9
 
Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 24, 2014, among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2014 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.10
 
Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 21, 2015, among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 21, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.11
 
Tenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 24, 2015, among the Company, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee, and The Bank of New York Mellon, London Branch, as paying agent (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 24, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.12
 
Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 9, 2015, between the Company and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 9, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).

43


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
4.13
 
Indenture between Life Technologies and U.S. Bank National Association., as trustee, dated as of February 19, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Life Technologies Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 19, 2010 [File No. 000-25317] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.14
 
First Supplemental Indenture between Life Technologies and U.S. Bank National Association., as trustee, dated as of February 19, 2010, including the forms of the Life Technologies 3.375% Senior Notes due 2013, 4.400% Senior Notes due 2015 and 6.000% Senior Notes due 2020 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Life Technologies Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 19, 2010 [File No. 000-25317] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
4.15
 
Second Supplemental Indenture between Life Technologies and U.S. Bank National Association., as trustee, dated as of December 14, 2010, including the forms of the Life Technologies 3.50% Senior Notes due 2016 and 5.00% Senior Notes due 2021 (filed as Exhibit 4.2 to Life Technologies Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on December 14, 2010 [File No. 000-25317] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
 
10.1
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of the Registrant, as amended and restated on September 12, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 29, 2007 [File No. 1‑8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.2
 
Thermo Electron Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, effective November 1, 2001 (filed as Exhibit 10.13 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2001 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.3
 
Form of Amended and Restated Indemnification Agreement between the Registrant and its directors and officers (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 [Reg. No. 333-90661] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.4
 
Executive Registry Program at the Massachusetts General Hospital (filed as Exhibit 10.74 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 28, 2002 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.5
 
Form of Executive Change in Control Retention Agreement for Officers (other than Marc Casper) (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 3, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.6
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Executive Severance Policy (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 19, 2008 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.7
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Stock Option Agreement for use in connection with the grant of stock options under the Registrant’s equity plans, as amended and restated on November 9, 2006 to officers and directors of the Registrant (other than Marc Casper) (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 14, 2006 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.8
 
Summary of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Annual Director Compensation (filed as Exhibit 10.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.9
 
Summary of Annual Incentive Program of Thermo Electron Corporation (filed as Exhibit 10.66 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.10
 
Summary of 2015 Annual Cash Incentive Plan Matters (set forth in Item 5.02 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] under the heading “Annual Cash Incentive Plans - Establishment of Criteria for 2015 Bonus” and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.11
 
Form of Noncompetition Agreement between the Registrant and certain key employees and executive officers (filed as Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.12
 
Retirement Plan for Non-Employee Directors of Fisher Scientific International Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.12 to Fisher Scientific International Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1992, filed March 24, 1993 [File No. 1-10920] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.13
 
First Amendment to the Fisher Scientific International Inc. Retirement Plan for Non-Employee Directors (filed as Exhibit 10.04 to Fisher Scientific International Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 10, 2005 [File No. 1-10920] and incorporated in this document by reference).*

44


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
10.14
 
Amendment to Retirement Plan for Non-Employee Directors of Fisher Scientific International Inc. (filed as Exhibit 10.02 to Fisher Scientific International Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 7, 2006 [File No. 1-10920] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.15
 
Fisher Scientific International Inc. 2005 Equity and Incentive Plan, effective as of May 6, 2005 (filed as Exhibit A to Fisher Scientific International Inc.’s definitive proxy statement filed April 4, 2005 [File No. 1-10920] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.16
 
Form of 2005 Equity and Incentive Plan Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.01 to Fisher Scientific International Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2005 [File No. 1-10920] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.17
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan, effective January 1, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.43 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.18
 
Description of Amendments to certain Stock Option Plans made in February 2008 (filed as Exhibit 10.75 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.19
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 2008 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 22, 2008 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.20
 
Amendment No. 1 to Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Amended and Restated 2005 Deferred Compensation Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 27, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.21
 
Stock Option Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.22
 
Stock Option Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.23
 
Time-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.24
 
Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.25
 
2009 Restatement of Executive Severance Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.26
 
Executive Change In Control Retention Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.27
 
Noncompetition Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated November 21, 2009 (filed as Exhibit 10.7 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 25, 2009 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.28
 
Amendment No. 1 to Executive Severance Policy, dated February 25, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.29
 
Amendment No. 1 to 2009 Restatement of Executive Severance Agreement, dated February 25, 2010, between the Registrant and Marc N. Casper (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 25, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.30
 
Amendment No. 2 to Executive Severance Policy, dated November 10, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 10.54 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*

45


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
10.31
 
Amendment No. 2 to 2009 Restatement of Executive Severance Agreement, dated November 10, 2010, between the Registrant and Marc N. Casper (filed as Exhibit 10.55 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.32
 
Amendment No. 1 to Executive Change In Control Retention Agreement, dated November 10, 2010, between Marc N. Casper and the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.56 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.33
 
Amendment to 2008 Stock Incentive Plan dated November 10, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 10.57 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.34
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s February 2011 Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 24, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.35
 
Stock Option Agreement, between Marc Casper and the Registrant, dated February 23, 2011 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 24, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.36
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s February 2011 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Directors (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 2, 2011 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.37
 
Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Marc Casper, dated March 2, 2012 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 2, 2012 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.38
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s March 2012 Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Band VII Officers (other than Marc Casper) (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 2, 2012 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.39
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s March 2012 Restricted Stock Unit Agreement for Band VII Officers (other than Marc Casper) (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 2, 2012 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.40
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.41
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.42
 
Form of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s Stock Option Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.43
 
Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Marc Casper dated February 26, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.44
 
Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Marc Casper (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.45
 
Form of Stock Option Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Marc Casper (filed as Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.46
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 2013 Stock Incentive Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.47
 
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. 2013 Annual Incentive Award Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 23, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.48
 
Credit Agreement, dated July 25, 2013, among the Company, certain Subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., and each lender from time to time party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 26, 2013 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).

46


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
10.49
 
Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Marc Casper dated February 26, 2014, (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 27, 2014 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.50
 
Offer Letter dated December 31, 2013, between the Company and Mark Stevenson (filed as Exhibit 10.55 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.51
 
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and Mark Stevenson dated April 2, 2012 (filed as Exhibit 10.57 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
10.52
 
Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement between Life Technologies Corporation and Mark Stevenson dated April 1, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 10.58 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.53
 
Change in Control Agreement dated March 5, 2009, by and between Life Technologies Corporation and Mark P. Stevenson (filed as Exhibit 10.59 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.54
 
Amendment to Change in Control Agreement by and between Life Technologies Corporation and Mark P. Stevenson, dated July 21, 2013 (filed as Exhibit 10.60 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.55
 
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan effective as of December 31, 2005, as amended and restated as of August 28, 2006 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Applera Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 6, 2006 [File No. 1-04389] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.56
 
Amendment to Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, effective as of January 1, 2010 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Life Technologies Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 8, 2009 [File No. 000-25317] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.57
 
Noncompetition Agreement between the Registrant and Mark Stevenson, dated September 10, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed October 30, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.58
 
Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Peter Wilver dated February 25, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.59
 
Performance Restricted Stock Unit Agreement between Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and Peter Wilver dated February 25, 2015 (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).*
 
 
 
10.60
 
Incremental Facility Amendment, dated February 23, 2015, to the Credit Agreement, dated July 25, 2013, among the Company, certain Subsidiaries of the Company from time to time party thereto, Bank of America, N.A., and each lender from time to time party thereto (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 26, 2015 [File No. 1-8002] and incorporated in this document by reference).
 
 
21
 
Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
 
 
23.1
 
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
 
 
31.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
31.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
 
 
32.1
 
Certification of Chief Executive Officer required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(b) and 15d-14(b), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
 
 
32.2
 
Certification of Chief Financial Officer required by Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(b) and 15d-14(b), as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.
 
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

47


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit
Number
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.
 
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
_______________________
*Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.
** Certification is not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liability of that section. Such certification is not deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.
Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015, and 2014, (ii) Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, (iii) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (iv) Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, (v) Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

48


THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

INDEX OF CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SCHEDULE
 
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of the Registrant and its subsidiaries are required to be included in Item 15:
 
Page
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
 
Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2015 and 2014
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
Consolidated Statement of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


F- 1

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.:
In our opinion, the consolidated balance sheets, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, of shareholders’ equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it classifies deferred taxes in 2015 due to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2015-17, Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Boston, Massachusetts
February 25, 2016


F- 2

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Current Assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
452.1

 
$
1,343.5

Accounts receivable, less allowances of $70.1 and $74.1
 
2,544.9

 
2,473.6

Inventories
 
1,991.7

 
1,859.5

Deferred tax assets
 
—

 
303.3

Other current assets
 
752.5

 
559.9

 
 
 
 
 
Total current assets
 
5,741.2

 
6,539.8

 
 
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
 
2,448.8

 
2,426.5

Acquisition-related Intangible Assets, Net
 
12,758.3

 
14,110.1

Other Assets
 
1,113.1

 
933.1

Goodwill
 
18,827.6

 
18,842.6

 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 
$
40,889.0

 
$
42,852.1

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
Current Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Short-term obligations and current maturities of long-term obligations
 
$
1,052.8

 
$
2,212.4

Accounts payable
 
822.2

 
820.7

Accrued payroll and employee benefits
 
598.2

 
668.9

Accrued income taxes
 
212.5

 
165.1

Deferred revenue
 
317.9

 
311.9

Other accrued expenses
 
1,143.7

 
1,170.8

 
 
 
 
 
Total current liabilities
 
4,147.3

 
5,349.8

 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Income Taxes
 
2,622.6

 
3,430.7

Other Long-term Liabilities
 
1,295.0

 
1,171.9

Long-term Obligations
 
11,473.9

 
12,351.6

 
 
 
 
 
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 10)
 


 


 
 
 
 
 
Shareholders' Equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $100 par value, 50,000 shares authorized; none issued
 


 


Common stock, $1 par value, 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 411,944,301 and 408,461,670 shares issued
 
411.9

 
408.5

Capital in excess of par value
 
11,801.2

 
11,473.6

Retained earnings
 
12,142.3

 
10,406.9

Treasury stock at cost, 12,314,200 and 7,991,782 shares
 
(1,007.9
)
 
(455.9
)
Accumulated other comprehensive items
 
(1,997.3
)
 
(1,285.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders' equity
 
21,350.2

 
20,548.1

 
 


 
 
Total Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 
$
40,889.0

 
$
42,852.1


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 3

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions except per share amounts)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product revenues
 
$
14,667.8

 
$
14,715.1

 
$
11,215.2

Service revenues
 
2,297.6

 
2,174.5

 
1,875.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
 
16,965.4

 
16,889.6

 
13,090.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs and Operating Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of product revenues
 
7,583.8

 
7,934.7

 
6,309.6

Cost of service revenues
 
1,625.7

 
1,462.9

 
1,251.6

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
4,612.1

 
4,896.1

 
3,446.3

Research and development expenses
 
692.3

 
691.1

 
395.5

Restructuring and other costs (income), net
 
115.3

 
(598.2
)
 
77.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total costs and operating expenses
 
14,629.2

 
14,386.6

 
11,480.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Income
 
2,336.2

 
2,503.0

 
1,609.6

Other Expense, Net
 
(399.8
)
 
(415.8
)
 
(290.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
 
1,936.4

 
2,087.2

 
1,319.5

Benefit from (Provision for) Income Taxes
 
43.9

 
(191.7
)
 
(40.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
1,980.3

 
1,895.5

 
1,279.1

Loss from Discontinued Operations (net of income tax benefit of $2.9, $0.6 and $3.7)
 
(4.9
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(5.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
1,975.4

 
$
1,894.4

 
$
1,273.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
4.97

 
$
4.76

 
$
3.55

Diluted
 
$
4.93

 
$
4.71

 
$
3.50

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per Share
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
$
4.96

 
$
4.76

 
$
3.53

Diluted
 
$
4.92

 
$
4.71

 
$
3.48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average Shares
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
398.7

 
398.2

 
360.3

Diluted
 
401.9

 
402.3

 
365.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Dividends Declared per Common Share
 
$
0.60

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.60


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 4

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
1,975.4

 
$
1,894.4

 
$
1,273.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Comprehensive Items:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency translation adjustment
 
(706.1
)
 
(1,182.6
)
 
24.6

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period (net of tax provision of $0.0, $0.1 and $0.5)
 
0.5

 
1.7

 
1.6

Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (net of tax provision of $0.2 and $2.5)
 
—

 
(1.7
)
 
(8.0
)
Unrealized gains and losses on hedging instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized (losses) gains on hedging instruments (net of tax (benefit) provision of ($5.5) and $3.6)
 
(9.0
)
 
—

 
5.8

Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income (net of tax benefit of $1.5, $1.8 and $2.2)
 
3.3

 
3.0

 
3.2

Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension and other postretirement benefit liability adjustments arising during the period (net of tax (benefit) provision of ($5.0), ($26.5) and $20.3)
 
(9.0
)
 
(52.2
)
 
38.2

Amortization of net loss and prior service benefit included in net periodic pension cost (net of tax benefit of $2.9, $13.3 and $3.6)
 
8.0

 
24.0

 
7.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total other comprehensive items
 
(712.3
)
 
(1,207.8
)
 
73.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive Income
 
$
1,263.1

 
$
686.6

 
$
1,346.5


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 5

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
1,975.4

 
$
1,894.4

 
$
1,273.3

Loss from discontinued operations
 
4.9

 
1.1

 
5.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
1,980.3

 
1,895.5

 
1,279.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjustments to reconcile income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
1,688.2

 
1,684.8

 
999.9

Change in deferred income taxes
 
(524.8
)
 
(621.8
)
 
(472.8
)
Net gains on sale of businesses
 
(7.6
)
 
(895.4
)
 
—

Non-cash stock-based compensation
 
125.0

 
117.1

 
90.9

Tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards
 
(64.1
)
 
(65.6
)
 
(48.8
)
Non-cash charges for sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition
 
6.9

 
303.4

 
23.9

Other non-cash expenses, net
 
58.6

 
38.0

 
22.7

Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding the effects of acquisitions and dispositions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
(149.4
)
 
(145.4
)
 
(147.9
)
Inventories
 
(140.7
)
 
(109.8
)
 
(72.2
)
Other assets
 
(254.3
)
 
163.1

 
168.7

Accounts payable
 
(2.7
)
 
1.2

 
47.0

Other liabilities
 
147.7

 
308.4

 
163.3

Contributions to retirement plans
 
(37.5
)
 
(49.6
)
 
(38.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by continuing operations
 
2,825.6

 
2,623.9

 
2,015.6

Net cash used in discontinued operations
 
(8.7
)
 
(4.3
)
 
(4.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash provided by operating activities
 
2,816.9

 
2,619.6

 
2,010.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investing Activities
 
 

 
 

 
 

Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
(694.6
)
 
(13,060.1
)
 
(11.4
)
Proceeds from sale of businesses, net of cash divested
 
—

 
1,521.8

 
—

Purchase of property, plant and equipment
 
(422.9
)
 
(427.6
)
 
(282.4
)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment
 
18.1

 
49.3

 
20.7

Proceeds from sale of investments
 
12.0

 
88.6

 
7.6

Decrease in restricted cash
 
5.8

 
48.6

 
4.0

Other investing activities, net
 
(5.8
)
 
(3.3
)
 
(1.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash used in investing activities
 
$
(1,087.4
)
 
$
(11,782.7
)
 
$
(263.3
)


F- 6

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

Financing Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
 
$
1,798.0

 
$
6,592.3

 
$
3,167.8

Repayment of long-term obligations
 
(3,780.2
)
 
(4,429.4
)
 
(1.0
)
Increase (decrease) in commercial paper, net
 
49.5

 
(249.9
)
 
199.9

Decrease in short-term notes payable
 
—

 
(36.6
)
 
(12.0
)
Purchases of company common stock
 
(500.0
)
 
—

 
(89.8
)
Dividends paid
 
(240.6
)
 
(234.8
)
 
(216.2
)
Net proceeds from issuance of company common stock
 
—

 
2,942.0

 
—

Net proceeds from issuance of company common stock under employee stock plans
 
124.0

 
155.4

 
230.4

Tax benefits from stock-based compensation awards
 
64.1

 
65.6

 
48.8

Other financing activities, net
 
(6.1
)
 
(8.5
)
 
(17.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities
 
(2,491.3
)
 
4,796.1

 
3,310.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exchange Rate Effect on Cash
 
(129.6
)
 
(115.5
)
 
(37.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Decrease) Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
(891.4
)
 
(4,482.5
)
 
5,020.4

Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
 
1,343.5

 
5,826.0

 
805.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
 
$
452.1

 
$
1,343.5

 
$
5,826.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
See Note 13 for supplemental cash flow information.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 7

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
 
 
Common Stock
 
Capital in Excess of Par Value

 
Retained Earnings

 
Treasury Stock
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Items

 
Total Shareholders' Equity

(In millions)
 
Shares

 
Amount

 
 
 
Shares

 
Amount

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
413.5

 
$
413.5

 
$
10,501.1

 
$
7,697.3

 
56.0

 
$
(2,996.8
)
 
$
(150.4
)
 
$
15,464.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retirement of treasury shares
 
(50.0
)
 
(50.0
)
 
(2,647.7
)
 
—

 
(50.0
)
 
2,697.7

 
—

 
—

Issuance of shares under employees' and directors' stock plans
 
6.1

 
6.1

 
232.9

 
—

 
0.3

 
(23.3
)
 
—

 
215.7

Stock-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
90.9

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
90.9

Tax benefit related to employees' and directors' stock plans
 
—

 
—

 
46.6

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
46.6

Purchases of company common stock
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.3

 
(89.8
)
 
—

 
(89.8
)
Dividends declared
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(217.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(217.3
)
Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,273.3

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,273.3

Other comprehensive items
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
73.2

 
73.2

Other
 
—

 
—

 
(1.2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
369.6

 
369.6

 
8,222.6

 
8,753.3

 
7.6

 
(412.2
)
 
(77.2
)
 
16,856.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of shares under employees' and directors' stock plans
 
4.0

 
4.0

 
161.3

 
—

 
0.4

 
(43.7
)
 
—

 
121.6

Issuance of shares
 
34.9

 
34.9

 
2,907.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,942.3

Stock-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
117.1

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
117.1

Tax benefit related to employees' and directors' stock plans
 
—

 
—

 
65.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
65.4

Dividends declared
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(240.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(240.8
)
Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,894.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,894.4

Other comprehensive items
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(1,207.8
)
 
(1,207.8
)
Other
 
—

 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
408.5

 
408.5

 
11,473.6

 
10,406.9

 
8.0

 
(455.9
)
 
(1,285.0
)
 
20,548.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of shares under employees' and directors' stock plans
 
3.4

 
3.4

 
139.4

 
—

 
0.4

 
(52.0
)
 
—

 
90.8

Stock-based compensation
 
—

 
—

 
125.0

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
125.0

Tax benefit related to employees' and directors' stock plans
 
—

 
—

 
63.2

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
63.2

Purchases of company common stock
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3.9

 
(500.0
)
 
—

 
(500.0
)
Dividends declared
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(240.0
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(240.0
)
Net income
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,975.4

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1,975.4

Other comprehensive items
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(712.3
)
 
(712.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
411.9

 
$
411.9

 
$
11,801.2

 
$
12,142.3

 
12.3

 
$
(1,007.9
)
 
$
(1,997.3
)
 
$
21,350.2


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Note 1.
Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (the company or Thermo Fisher) enables customers to make the world healthier, cleaner and safer by providing analytical instruments, equipment, reagents and consumables, software and services for research, manufacturing, analysis, discovery and diagnostics. Markets served include pharmaceutical and biotech, academic and government, industrial and applied, as well as healthcare and diagnostics.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of the company and its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The company accounts for investments in businesses using the equity method when it has significant influence but not control (generally between 20% and 50% ownership) and is not the primary beneficiary.
Revenue Recognition and Accounts Receivable
Revenue is recognized after all significant obligations have been met, collectability is probable and title has passed, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery or completion of services. If customer-specific acceptance criteria exist, the company recognizes revenue after demonstrating adherence to the acceptance criteria. The company recognizes revenue and related costs for arrangements with multiple deliverables, such as equipment and installation, as each element is delivered or completed based upon its relative fair value. When a portion of the customer’s payment is not due until installation or other deliverable occurs, the company defers that portion of the revenue until completion of installation or transfer of the deliverable. Provisions for discounts, warranties, rebates to customers, returns and other adjustments are provided for in the period the related sales are recorded. Sales taxes, value-added taxes and certain excise taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and therefore are excluded from revenue.
Royalty revenue is recognized when the amounts are earned and determinable during the applicable period based on historical activity. For those arrangements where royalties cannot be reasonably estimated, revenue is recognized upon the receipt of cash or royalty statements from licensees.
Service revenues represent the company’s service offerings including clinical trial logistics, asset management, diagnostic testing, training, service contracts, and field service including related time and materials. Service revenues are recognized as the service is performed. Revenues for service contracts are recognized ratably over the contract period.
The company records shipping and handling charges billed to customers in net sales and records shipping and handling costs in cost of product revenues for all periods presented.
Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of its customers to pay amounts due. The allowance for doubtful accounts is the company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in existing accounts receivable. The company determines the allowance based on the age of the receivable, the creditworthiness of the customer and any other information that is relevant to the judgment. Account balances are charged off against the allowance when the company believes it is probable the receivable will not be recovered. The company does not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure related to customers.


F- 9

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
 
$
74.1

 
$
54.1

 
$
55.5

Provision charged to expense (a)
 
5.5

 
20.4

 
6.8

Accounts recovered
 
0.2

 
1.0

 
0.2

Accounts written off
 
(4.8
)
 
(11.2
)
 
(8.4
)
Other (b)
 
(4.9
)
 
9.8

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Balance
 
$
70.1

 
$
74.1

 
$
54.1

(a)
In 2014, includes $16.2 million of charges to conform the accounting policies of Life Technologies with the company's accounting policies.
(b)
Includes allowance of businesses acquired and sold during the year as described in Note 2 and the effect of currency translation.
Deferred revenue in the accompanying balance sheet consists primarily of unearned revenue on service contracts, which is recognized ratably over the terms of the contracts. Substantially all of the deferred revenue in the accompanying 2015 balance sheet will be recognized within one year.
Warranty Obligations
The company provides for the estimated cost of standard product warranties, primarily from historical information, in cost of product revenues at the time product revenue is recognized. While the company engages in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of its component supplies, the company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure and supplier warranties on parts delivered to the company. Should actual product failure rates, utilization levels, material usage, service delivery costs or supplier warranties on parts differ from the company’s estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required. The liability for warranties is included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet. Extended warranty agreements are considered service contracts which are discussed above. Costs of service contracts are recognized as incurred. The changes in the carrying amount of standard product warranty obligations are as follows:
 
 
Year Ended
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
 
$
57.5

 
$
49.8

Provision charged to income
 
85.4

 
80.6

Usage
 
(82.1
)
 
(78.4
)
Acquisitions
 
0.5

 
7.1

Adjustments to previously provided warranties, net
 
(2.6
)
 
1.0

Currency translation
 
(2.9
)
 
(2.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Balance
 
$
55.8

 
$
57.5

Research and Development
The company conducts research and development activities to increase its depth of capabilities in technologies, software and services. Research and development costs include employee compensation and benefits, consultants, facilities related costs, material costs, depreciation and travel. Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Income Taxes
The company recognizes deferred income taxes based on the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial statement basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, calculated using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to be reflected in the tax return.

F- 10

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The financial statements reflect expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions that the company has taken or expects to take on a tax return presuming the taxing authorities’ full knowledge of the positions and all relevant facts, but without discounting for the time value of money (Note 7).
Earnings per Share
Basic earnings per share has been computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year. Except where the result would be antidilutive to income from continuing operations, diluted earnings per share has been computed using the treasury stock method for the equity forward agreements and outstanding stock options and restricted units, as well as their related income tax effects (Note 8).
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash equivalents consists principally of money market funds, commercial paper and other marketable securities purchased with an original maturity of three months or less. These investments are carried at cost, which approximates market value.
Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market, cost being determined principally by the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method with certain of the company’s businesses utilizing the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method. The company periodically reviews quantities of inventories on hand and compares these amounts to the expected use of each product or product line. In addition, the company has certain inventory that is subject to fluctuating market pricing. The company assesses the carrying value of this inventory based on a lower of cost or market analysis. The company records a charge to cost of sales for the amount required to reduce the carrying value of inventory to net realizable value. Costs associated with the procurement of inventories, such as inbound freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, and internal transfer costs, are included in cost of revenues in the accompanying statement of income. The components of inventories are as follows:
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Raw Materials
 
$
421.1

 
$
441.6

Work in Process
 
236.8

 
207.6

Finished Goods
 
1,333.8

 
1,210.3

 
 
 
 
 
Inventories
 
$
1,991.7

 
$
1,859.5

The value of inventories maintained using the LIFO method was $191 million and $203 million at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, which was below estimated replacement cost by $28 million and $25 million, respectively. Reduction to cost of revenues as a result of the liquidation of LIFO inventories were nominal during the three years ended December 31, 2015.
Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. The costs of additions and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. The company provides for depreciation and amortization using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property as follows: buildings and improvements, 25 to 40 years; machinery and equipment (including software), 3 to 10 years; and leasehold improvements, the shorter of the term of the lease or the life of the asset. When assets are retired or otherwise disposed of, the assets and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in the accompanying statement of income. Property, plant and equipment consists of the following:


F- 11

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Land
 
$
276.4

 
$
281.8

Buildings and Improvements
 
1,050.5

 
955.1

Machinery, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements
 
2,786.8

 
2,632.0

 
 
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment, at Cost
 
4,113.7

 
3,868.9

Less: Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization
 
1,664.9

 
1,442.4

 
 
 
 
 
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
 
$
2,448.8

 
$
2,426.5

Depreciation and amortization expense of property, plant and equipment was $373 million, $353 million and $237 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Acquisition-related Intangible Assets
Acquisition-related intangible assets include the costs of acquired customer relationships, product technology, tradenames and other specifically identifiable intangible assets, and are being amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 20 years. In addition, the company has tradenames and in-process research and development that have indefinite lives and which are not amortized. The company reviews intangible assets for impairment when indication of potential impairment exists, such as a significant reduction in cash flows associated with the assets. Intangible assets with indefinite lives are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate they may be impaired. Acquisition-related intangible assets are as follows:
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
(In millions)
 
Gross

 
Accumulated Amortization

 
Net

 
Gross

 
Accumulated Amortization

 
Net

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Definite Lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
 
$
11,844.4

 
$
(4,086.9
)
 
$
7,757.5

 
$
11,866.8

 
$
(3,340.6
)
 
$
8,526.2

Product technology
 
4,799.8

 
(1,819.0
)
 
2,980.8

 
4,898.1

 
(1,501.3
)
 
3,396.8

Tradenames
 
1,316.7

 
(548.2
)
 
768.5

 
1,333.0

 
(448.7
)
 
884.3

Other
 
33.2

 
(33.0
)
 
0.2

 
34.2

 
(33.3
)
 
0.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17,994.1

 
(6,487.1
)
 
11,507.0

 
18,132.1

 
(5,323.9
)
 
12,808.2

Indefinite Lived:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tradenames
 
1,234.8

 
—

 
1,234.8

 
1,234.8

 
—

 
1,234.8

In-process research and development
 
16.5

 
—

 
16.5

 
67.1

 
—

 
67.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,251.3

 
—

 
1,251.3

 
1,301.9

 
—

 
1,301.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition-related Intangible Assets
 
$
19,245.4

 
$
(6,487.1
)
 
$
12,758.3

 
$
19,434.0

 
$
(5,323.9
)
 
$
14,110.1



F- 12

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The estimated future amortization expense of acquisition-related intangible assets with definite lives is as follows:
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
$
1,278.5

2017
 
1,254.1

2018
 
1,216.9

2019
 
1,183.9

2020
 
1,075.8

2021 and Thereafter
 
5,497.8

 
 
 
Estimated Future Amortization Expense of Definite-lived Intangible Assets
 
$
11,507.0

Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets was $1.31 billion, $1.33 billion and $763 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.
Other Assets
Other assets in the accompanying balance sheet include deferred tax assets, cash surrender value of life insurance, insurance recovery receivables related to product liability matters, investments in joint ventures, pension assets, deferred debt issuance costs, cost-method and available-for-sale investments, restricted cash, notes receivable and other assets.
Investments for which there are not readily determinable market values are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. The company periodically evaluates the carrying value of its investments accounted for under the cost method of accounting, which provides that they are recorded at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the company had cost method investments with carrying amounts of $38.8 million and $38.5 million, respectively, which are included in other assets.
Goodwill
The company assesses the realizability of goodwill annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate it may be impaired. Such events or circumstances generally include the occurrence of operating losses or a significant decline in earnings associated with one or more of the company’s reporting units. The company estimates the fair value of its reporting units by using forecasts of discounted future cash flows and peer market multiples. When an impairment is indicated, any excess of carrying value over the implied fair value of goodwill is recorded as an operating loss. The company completed quantitative annual tests for impairment at October 31, 2015 and November 1, 2014, and determined that goodwill was not impaired.
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment are as follows:
(In millions)
 
Life Sciences
Solutions

 
Analytical
Instruments

 
Specialty
Diagnostics

 
Laboratory
Products and
Services

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
$
292.4

 
$
2,761.4

 
$
4,258.1

 
$
5,191.4

 
$
12,503.3

Acquisitions
 
7,179.5

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
7,179.5

Sale of businesses
 
(122.0
)
 
—

 
(13.6
)
 
(206.5
)
 
(342.1
)
Currency translation
 
(105.0
)
 
(31.0
)
 
(347.2
)
 
(13.9
)
 
(497.1
)
Other
 
0.4

 
(0.6
)
 
2.3

 
(3.1
)
 
(1.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
7,245.3

 
2,729.8

 
3,899.6

 
4,967.9

 
18,842.6

Acquisitions
 
125.1

 
1.7

 
4.7

 
120.8

 
252.3

Finalization of purchase price allocations for 2014 acquisitions
 
(3.3
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(3.3
)
Sale of a product line
 
(5.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(5.8
)
Currency translation
 
(80.4
)
 
(24.1
)
 
(132.8
)
 
(22.4
)
 
(259.7
)
Other
 
8.3

 
(4.9
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(1.7
)
 
1.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
7,289.2

 
$
2,702.5

 
$
3,771.3

 
$
5,064.6

 
$
18,827.6


F- 13

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Loss Contingencies
Accruals are recorded for various contingencies, including legal proceedings, environmental, workers’ compensation, product, general and auto liabilities, self-insurance and other claims that arise in the normal course of business. The accruals are based on management’s judgment, historical claims experience, the probability of losses and, where applicable, the consideration of opinions of internal and/or external legal counsel and actuarial estimates. Additionally, the company records receivables from third-party insurers up to the amount of the loss when recovery has been determined to be probable. Liabilities acquired in acquisitions have been recorded at fair value and, as such, were discounted to present value at the dates of acquisition.
Currency Translation
All assets and liabilities of the company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries are translated at year-end exchange rates. Resulting translation adjustments are reflected in the “accumulated other comprehensive items” component of shareholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Currency transaction gains and losses are included in the accompanying statement of income and in aggregate were net losses of $11 million and $17 million in 2015 and 2013, respectively, and a net gain of and $33 million in 2014 .
Derivative Contracts
The company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations including changes to interest rates and currency exchange rates. The company uses derivative instruments primarily to manage currency exchange and interest rate risks. The company recognizes derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities and measures those instruments at fair value. If a derivative is a hedge, depending on the nature of the hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are either offset against the change in fair value of the hedged item through earnings or recognized in other comprehensive income until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are recorded at fair value through earnings.
The company uses short-term forward and option currency exchange contracts primarily to hedge certain balance sheet and operational exposures resulting from changes in currency exchange rates, predominantly intercompany loans and cash balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the respective operations. The currency-exchange contracts principally hedge transactions denominated in euro, British pounds sterling, Swiss franc, Japanese yen, Norwegian kroner, and Swedish kronor. The company does not hold or engage in transactions involving derivative instruments for purposes other than risk management.
Cash flow hedges. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is reported as a component of other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings.
Fair value hedges. For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the gain or loss on the derivative, as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk, are recognized in earnings. During 2013 and 2015, in connection with new debt issuances, the company entered into interest rate swap arrangements. The company includes the gain or loss on the hedged items (fixed-rate debt) in the same line item (interest expense) as the offsetting effective portion of the loss or gain on the related interest rate swaps.
Net investment hedges. The company also uses foreign currency-denominated debt to partially hedge its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The company’s euro-denominated senior notes have been designated as, and are effective as, economic hedges of part of the net investment in a foreign operation. Accordingly, foreign currency transaction gains or losses due to spot rate fluctuations on the euro-denominated debt instruments are included in currency translation adjustment within other comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. In addition, significant estimates were made in estimating future cash flows to assess potential impairment of assets and in determining the fair value of acquired intangible assets (Note 2) and the ultimate loss from abandoning leases at facilities being exited (Note 14). Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In January 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which affects the accounting for equity investments, financial liabilities under the fair value option, and the presentation and disclosure requirements for financial instruments. This guidance retains the

F- 14

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

current accounting for classifying and measuring investments in debt securities and loans, but requires equity investments to be measured at fair value with subsequent changes recognized in net income, except for those accounted for under the equity method or requiring consolidation. The guidance also changes the accounting for investments without a readily determinable fair value and that do not qualify for the practical expedient permitted by the guidance to estimate fair value. A policy election can be made for these investments whereby estimated fair value may be measured at cost and adjusted in subsequent periods for any impairment or changes in observable prices of identical or similar investments. The guidance is effective for the company in 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued new guidance which requires all deferred income taxes be presented on the balance sheet as noncurrent. The new guidance is intended to simplify financial reporting by eliminating the requirement to classify deferred taxes between current and noncurrent. The company early adopted this guidance in the fourth quarter of 2015, as permitted by the new guidance. The company has applied the guidance prospectively and therefore prior periods have not been retrospectively adjusted. At December 31, 2014, the company's net current deferred tax asset was $303 million.
In September 2015, the FASB issued new guidance which eliminates the requirement for an acquirer in a business combination to restate prior period financial statements for measurement period adjustments. The new guidance requires that the cumulative impact of a measurement period adjustment (including the impact on prior periods) be recognized in the reporting period in which the adjustment is identified. The new guidance also sets forth new disclosure requirements related to the adjustments. The guidance is effective for the company in 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued new guidance which requires an entity to measure inventory at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined as the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. This guidance does not apply to inventory that is measured using last-in, first-out (LIFO). The guidance is effective for the company in 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.
In April 2015, the FASB issued new guidance which requires the presentation of debt issuance costs in the balance sheet as a deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with the current treatment of debt discounts. The guidance is effective for the company in 2016. Adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on the company’s consolidated balance sheet.
In May 2014, the FASB issued new revenue recognition guidance which provides a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. The new standard also requires significantly expanded disclosures regarding the qualitative and quantitative information of an entity's nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The guidance is currently effective for the company in 2018. Early adoption is permitted in 2017. The company is currently evaluating the impact the standard will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2.
Acquisitions and Dispositions
The company’s acquisitions have historically been made at prices above the determined fair value of the acquired identifiable assets, resulting in goodwill, due to expectations of the synergies that will be realized by combining the businesses. These synergies include the elimination of redundant facilities, functions and staffing; use of the company’s existing commercial infrastructure to expand sales of the acquired businesses’ products; and use of the commercial infrastructure of the acquired businesses to cost-effectively expand sales of company products.
Acquisitions have been accounted for using the purchase method of accounting, and the acquired companies’ results have been included in the accompanying financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. Acquisition transaction costs are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses as incurred.
2015
On September 30, 2015, the company acquired, within the Laboratory Products and Services segment, Alfa Aesar, a U.K.-based global manufacturer of research chemicals from Johnson Matthey Plc, for £257 million ($392 million) in cash. The acquisition expanded the company’s existing portfolio of chemicals, solvents and reagents. Revenues of Alfa Aesar were approximately £78 million in 2014. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the identifiable net assets and, accordingly, $118 million was allocated to goodwill, $41 million of which is tax deductible.

F- 15

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In February 2015, the company acquired, within the Life Sciences Solutions segment, Advanced Scientifics, Inc., a North America-based global provider of single-use systems and process equipment for bioprocess production, for approximately $289 million. The acquisition expanded the company’s bioprocessing offerings. Revenues of Advanced Scientifics were approximately $80 million in 2014. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the identifiable net assets and, accordingly, $125 million was allocated to goodwill, all of which is tax deductible.
In addition, in 2015, the company acquired, within the Analytical Instruments segment, selected assets of certain existing channel partners for its chromatography and mass spectrometry products and, within the Specialty Diagnostics segment, an existing channel partner for its transplant diagnostics products, for an aggregate purchase price of $19 million.
During 2015, the company made contingent purchase price payments totaling $11 million for acquisitions completed prior to 2015. The contingent purchase price payments were contractually due to the sellers upon achievement of certain performance criteria at the acquired businesses.
The components of the purchase price and net assets acquired for 2015 acquisitions are as follows:
(In millions)
 
Alfa Aesar

 
Advanced Scientifics

 
Other

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
392.3

 
$
289.1

 
$
18.5

 
$
699.9

Purchase price payable
 
0.5

 
—

 
1.3

 
1.8

Cash acquired
 
(3.7
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.3
)
 
(5.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
389.1

 
$
288.8

 
$
18.5

 
$
696.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Assets Acquired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
 
$
102.3

 
$
28.0

 
$
4.6

 
$
134.9

Property, plant and equipment
 
39.4

 
10.6

 
0.1

 
50.1

Definite-lived intangible assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Customer relationships
 
137.1

 
90.0

 
7.9

 
235.0

Product technology
 
—

 
36.5

 
—

 
36.5

Tradenames and other
 
15.6

 
2.3

 
—

 
17.9

Goodwill
 
118.3

 
125.1

 
8.9

 
252.3

Other assets
 
4.3

 
0.2

 
—

 
4.5

Liabilities assumed
 
(27.9
)
 
(3.9
)
 
(3.0
)
 
(34.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
389.1

 
$
288.8

 
$
18.5

 
$
696.4

The weighted-average amortization periods for definite-lived intangible assets acquired in 2015 are 15 years for customer relationships, 10 years for product technology and 10 years for tradenames and other. The weighted average amortization period for all definite-lived intangible assets acquired in 2015 is 14 years.
2014
On February 3, 2014, the company completed the acquisition of Life Technologies Corporation, within the Life Sciences Solutions segment, for a total purchase price of $15.30 billion, net of cash acquired, including the assumption of $2.28 billion of debt. The company issued debt and common stock in late 2013 and early 2014 to partially fund the acquisition (Notes 9 and 11). Life Technologies provides innovative products and services to customers conducting scientific research and genetic analysis, as well as those in applied markets, such as forensics and food safety testing. The acquisition of Life Technologies extends customer reach and broadens the company’s offerings in biosciences; genetic, medical and applied sciences; and bioproduction. Life Technologies’ revenues totaled $3.87 billion in 2013. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the identifiable net assets and, accordingly, $7.17 billion was allocated to goodwill, substantially none of which is tax deductible.
In addition, in 2014, the company acquired an animal health diagnostics company, within the Life Sciences Solutions segment, and a distributor of analytical instruments, within the Analytical Instruments segment, for an aggregate of $36 million, net of cash acquired.

F- 16

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

During 2014, the company made contingent purchase price payments totaling $13 million for acquisitions completed prior to 2014. The contingent purchase price payments were contractually due to the sellers upon achievement of certain performance criteria at the acquired businesses.
The components of the purchase price and net assets acquired for 2014 acquisitions are as follows:
(In millions)
 
Life
Technologies

 
Other

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchase Price
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash paid
 
$
13,487.3

 
$
47.3

 
$
13,534.6

Debt assumed
 
2,279.5

 
—

 
2,279.5

Cash acquired
 
(463.0
)
 
(11.5
)
 
(474.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
15,303.8

 
$
35.8

 
$
15,339.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Assets Acquired
 
 

 
 

 
 

Current assets
 
$
1,755.5

 
$
18.5

 
$
1,774.0

Property, plant and equipment
 
748.1

 
1.1

 
749.2

Definite-lived intangible assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Customer relationships
 
5,883.0

 
7.0

 
5,890.0

Product technology
 
2,626.9

 
5.5

 
2,632.4

Tradenames and other
 
619.1

 
—

 
619.1

Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
 
 

 
 

 
 

In-process research and development
 
58.4

 
—

 
58.4

Goodwill
 
7,167.0

 
12.5

 
7,179.5

Other assets
 
246.7

 
0.1

 
246.8

Liabilities assumed
 
(3,800.9
)
 
(8.9
)
 
(3,809.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
15,303.8

 
$
35.8

 
$
15,339.6

The weighted-average amortization periods for intangible assets acquired in 2014 are 16 years for customer relationships, 11 years for product technology and 9 years for definite-lived tradenames and other. The weighted average amortization period for all definite-lived intangible assets acquired in 2014 is 14 years.
2013
During 2013, the company made contingent purchase price and post closing adjustment payments totaling $40 million for acquisitions completed prior to 2013. The contingent purchase price payments were contractually due to the sellers upon achievement of certain performance criteria at the acquired businesses.

F- 17

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Unaudited Pro Forma Information
Had the acquisition of Life Technologies been completed as of the beginning of 2013, the company’s pro forma results for 2014 and 2013 would have been as follows:
(In millions except per share amounts)
 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
17,169.2

 
$
16,831.4

 
 
 
 
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
$
2,203.2

 
$
1,008.4

 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
2,202.1

 
$
1,002.6

 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations:
 
 

 
 

Basic
 
$
5.52

 
$
2.55

Diluted
 
$
5.46

 
$
2.53

 
 
 
 
 
Earnings per Share:
 
 

 
 

Basic
 
$
5.51

 
$
2.54

Diluted
 
$
5.46

 
$
2.51

Pro forma results include non-recurring pro forma adjustments that were directly attributable to the business combination to reflect amounts as if the acquisition had been completed as of the beginning of 2013, as follows:
•
Pre-tax charge to selling, general and administrative expenses of $231 million in 2013, for acquisition-related transaction costs incurred by the company and Life Technologies;
•
Pre-tax charge to cost of revenues of $301 million in 2013, for the sale of Life Technologies inventories revalued at the date of acquisition;
•
Pre-tax charge of $92 million in 2013, for monetizing equity awards held by Life Technologies’ employees at the date of acquisition;
•
Pre-tax charge of $38 million in 2013, to conform the accounting policies of Life Technologies with the company's accounting policies; and
•
Pre-tax reduction of revenues of $8 million and $24 million in 2014 and 2013, respectively, for revaluing Life Technologies’ deferred revenue obligations to fair value.
These pro forma results of operations have been prepared for comparative purposes only, and they do not purport to be indicative of the results of operations that actually would have resulted had the acquisition occurred on the date indicated or that may result in the future.
The company’s results would not have been materially different from its pro forma results had the company’s other 2014 or 2015 acquisitions occurred at the beginning of 2013 or 2014, respectively.
Dispositions
On August 15, 2014, the company sold its Cole-Parmer specialty channel business, part of the Laboratory Products and Services segment, for $480 million in cash, net of cash divested. The sale of this business resulted in a pre-tax gain of approximately $134 million, included in restructuring and other costs (income), net. Due to the low tax basis in the Cole-Parmer business, the tax provision related to the sale slightly exceeded the pre-tax gain, resulting in a $4 million after-tax loss on the sale of the business. Revenues and operating income of the business sold were approximately $232 million and $43 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $149 million and $28 million, respectively, in 2014 through the date of sale.

F- 18

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The assets and liabilities of the Cole-Parmer business were as follows at June 28, 2014:
 
 
June 28,

(In millions)
 
2014

 
 
 
Current Assets
 
$
39.5

Long-term Assets
 
400.3

Current Liabilities
 
15.5

Long-term Liabilities
 
84.1

On March 21, 2014, the company sold its legacy sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses to GE Healthcare for $1.06 billion, net of cash divested, or $0.8 billion of after-tax proceeds. The businesses were included principally in the Life Sciences Solutions segment. Divestiture of these businesses was a condition to obtaining antitrust approval for the Life Technologies acquisition. Revenues and operating income of the businesses sold were approximately $250 million and $64 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2013 and $61 million and $12 million, respectively, in 2014 through the date of sale. The sale of these businesses resulted in a pre-tax gain of approximately $761 million, included in restructuring and other costs (income), net.
The assets and liabilities of the businesses sold in March 2014 were as follows at December 31, 2013:
 
 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2013

 
 
 
Current Assets
 
$
74.3

Long-term Assets
 
229.3

Current Liabilities
 
6.4

Long-term Liabilities
 
22.0


Note 3.
Business Segment and Geographical Information
The company’s financial performance is reported in four segments. A description of each segment follows.
Life Sciences Solutions: provides an extensive portfolio of reagents, instruments and consumables used in biological and medical research, discovery and production of new drugs and vaccines as well as diagnosis of disease. These products and services are used by customers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agricultural, clinical, academic, and government markets.
Analytical Instruments: provides a broad offering of instruments, consumables, software and services that are used for a range of applications in the laboratory, on the production line and in the field. These products and services are used by customers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, government, environmental and other research and industrial markets, as well as the clinical laboratory.
Specialty Diagnostics: provides a wide range of diagnostic test kits, reagents, culture media, instruments and associated products used to increase the speed and accuracy of diagnoses. These products are used by customers in healthcare, clinical, pharmaceutical, industrial and food safety laboratories.
Laboratory Products and Services: provides virtually everything needed for the laboratory, including a combination of self-manufactured and sourced products and an extensive service offering. These products and services are used by customers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, academic, government and other research and industrial markets, as well as the clinical laboratory.
The company’s management evaluates segment operating performance based on operating income before certain charges/credits to cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses, principally associated with acquisition accounting; restructuring and other costs/income including costs arising from facility consolidations such as severance and abandoned lease expense and gains and losses from the sale of real estate and product lines; and amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. The company uses this measure because it helps management understand and evaluate the segments’ core operating results and facilitates comparison of performance for determining compensation.

F- 19

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Business Segment Information
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
4,439.4

 
$
4,195.7

 
$
712.5

Analytical Instruments
 
3,208.2

 
3,252.2

 
3,154.2

Specialty Diagnostics
 
3,243.9

 
3,343.6

 
3,191.7

Laboratory Products and Services
 
6,661.5

 
6,601.5

 
6,398.8

Eliminations
 
(587.6
)
 
(503.4
)
 
(366.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated revenues
 
16,965.4

 
16,889.6

 
13,090.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Segment Income (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
1,336.9

 
1,214.9

 
169.7

Analytical Instruments
 
612.8

 
581.1

 
558.7

Specialty Diagnostics
 
872.9

 
916.0

 
863.7

Laboratory Products and Services
 
999.1

 
982.8

 
960.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Subtotal reportable segments (a)
 
3,821.7

 
3,694.8

 
2,552.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cost of revenues charges
 
(9.1
)
 
(327.6
)
 
(28.6
)
Selling, general and administrative charges, net
 
(46.3
)
 
(130.7
)
 
(73.5
)
Restructuring and other (costs) income, net
 
(115.3
)
 
598.2

 
(77.7
)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets
 
(1,314.8
)
 
(1,331.7
)
 
(763.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated operating income
 
2,336.2

 
2,503.0

 
1,609.6

Other expense, net (b)
 
(399.8
)
 
(415.8
)
 
(290.1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
 
$
1,936.4

 
$
2,087.2

 
$
1,319.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
146.3

 
$
131.6

 
$
17.1

Analytical Instruments
 
38.9

 
39.0

 
41.2

Specialty Diagnostics
 
73.7

 
76.7

 
73.9

Laboratory Products and Services
 
114.5

 
105.8

 
104.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated depreciation
 
$
373.4

 
$
353.1

 
$
236.8

(a)
Represents operating income before certain charges to cost of revenues and selling, general and administrative expenses; restructuring and other costs, net; and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
(b)
The company does not allocate other expense, net to its segments.

F- 20

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
17,884.3

 
$
19,257.0

 
$
1,115.5

Analytical Instruments
 
4,763.1

 
4,133.3

 
4,321.4

Specialty Diagnostics
 
7,183.2

 
8,047.7

 
9,086.0

Laboratory Products and Services
 
10,266.6

 
10,875.7

 
11,523.5

Corporate/Other (c)
 
791.8

 
538.4

 
5,817.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated total assets
 
$
40,889.0

 
$
42,852.1

 
$
31,863.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital Expenditures
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
85.1

 
$
104.4

 
$
19.3

Analytical Instruments
 
59.5

 
38.1

 
33.5

Specialty Diagnostics
 
75.9

 
84.7

 
77.9

Laboratory Products and Services
 
97.7

 
102.1

 
94.7

Corporate/Other
 
104.7

 
98.3

 
57.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated capital expenditures
 
$
422.9

 
$
427.6

 
$
282.4

(c)
Corporate assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, property and equipment at the company's corporate offices and assets of the discontinued operations.
Geographical Information
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues (d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
8,607.3

 
$
8,147.7

 
$
6,617.0

China
 
1,376.4

 
1,223.1

 
896.6

Germany
 
899.7

 
1,005.9

 
758.6

United Kingdom
 
778.1

 
754.5

 
532.4

Other
 
5,303.9

 
5,758.4

 
4,285.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated revenues
 
$
16,965.4

 
$
16,889.6

 
$
13,090.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-lived Assets (e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
1,532.0

 
$
1,501.7

 
$
892.9

United Kingdom
 
261.1

 
265.5

 
224.3

Germany
 
169.4

 
170.3

 
165.9

Other
 
486.3

 
489.0

 
484.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated long-lived assets
 
$
2,448.8

 
$
2,426.5

 
$
1,767.4

(d)
Revenues are attributed to countries based on customer location.
(e)
Includes property, plant and equipment, net.


F- 21

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 4.
Other Expense, Net
The components of other expense, net, in the accompanying statement of income are as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Income
 
$
30.6

 
$
47.7

 
$
28.0

Interest Expense
 
(414.9
)
 
(479.9
)
 
(262.1
)
Other Items, Net
 
(15.5
)
 
16.4

 
(56.0
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Expense, Net
 
$
(399.8
)
 
$
(415.8
)
 
$
(290.1
)
Other Items, Net
In 2015, other items, net includes costs of $7.5 million associated with entering into interest rate swap arrangements and losses of $12 million for the early extinguishment of debt.
In 2014, other items, net includes $9 million of net gains from equity and available-for-sale investments.
In 2013, other items, net includes $74 million of charges related to amortization of fees paid to obtain bridge financing commitments related to the Life Technologies acquisition offset in part by $5 million of gains from sales of equity investments. Additionally, the company irrevocably contributed appreciated available-for-sale investments that had a fair value of $27 million to two of its U.K. defined benefit plans, resulting in realization of a previously unrecognized gain of $11 million.

Note 5.
 Stock-based Compensation Expense
The company has stock-based compensation plans for its key employees, directors and others. These plans permit the grant of a variety of stock and stock-based awards, including restricted stock units, stock options or performance-based shares, as determined by the compensation committee of the company’s Board of Directors or, for certain non-officer grants, by the company’s employee equity committee, which consists of its chief executive officer. The company generally issues new shares of its common stock to satisfy option exercises and restricted unit vestings. Grants of stock options and restricted units generally provide that in the event of both a change in control of the company and a qualifying termination of an option or unit holder’s employment, all options and service-based restricted unit awards held by the recipient become immediately vested (unless an employment or other agreement with the employee provides for different treatment).
Compensation cost is based on the grant-date fair value and is recognized ratably over the requisite vesting period or to the date based on qualifying retirement eligibility, if earlier.
The components of stock-based compensation expense are primarily included in selling, general and administrative expenses and are as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stock Option Awards
 
$
43.7

 
$
45.7

 
$
41.4

Restricted Unit Awards
 
81.3

 
71.4

 
49.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Stock-based Compensation Expense
 
$
125.0

 
$
117.1

 
$
90.9

Certain pre-acquisition equity awards of Life Technologies were converted to rights to receive future cash payments over the remaining vesting period. In addition to stock-based compensation, which is included in the above table, in 2015 and 2014, the company recorded expense for cash-in-lieu of equity of $22 million and $35 million, respectively related to these arrangements.
The company has elected to recognize any excess income tax benefits from stock option exercises and restricted stock unit vestings in capital in excess of par value only if an incremental income tax benefit would be realized after considering all other tax attributes presently available to the company. The company measures the tax benefit associated with excess tax deductions related to stock-based compensation expense by multiplying the excess tax deductions by the statutory tax rates. The company uses the incremental tax benefit approach for utilization of tax attributes. Tax benefits recognized in capital in excess of par value in the accompanying balance sheet were $63 million, $65 million and $47 million, respectively, in 2015, 2014 and 2013.

F- 22

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Stock Options
The company’s practice is to grant stock options at fair market value. Options vest over 3-5 years with terms of 7-10 years, assuming continued employment with certain exceptions. Vesting of the option awards is contingent upon meeting certain service conditions. The fair value of most option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. For option grants that require the achievement of both service and market conditions, a lattice model is used to estimate fair value. The fair value is then amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. Use of a valuation model requires management to make certain assumptions with respect to selected model inputs. Expected volatility was calculated based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock. Historical data on exercise patterns is the basis for estimating the expected life of an option. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term which approximates the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The expected annual dividend rate was calculated by dividing the company’s annual dividend, based on the most recent quarterly dividend rate, by the closing stock price on the grant date. The compensation expense recognized for all stock-based awards is net of estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated based on an analysis of actual option forfeitures.
The weighted average assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model are as follows: 
 
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected Stock Price Volatility
 
24
%
 
25
%
 
33
%
Risk Free Interest Rate
 
1.4
%
 
1.3
%
 
0.7
%
Expected Life of Options (years)
 
4.3

 
4.4

 
4.5

Expected Annual Dividend
 
0.5
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.8
%
The weighted average per share grant-date fair values of options granted during 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $27.04, $26.89 and $19.84, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the same periods was $181 million, $208 million and $190 million, respectively. The intrinsic value is the difference between the market value of the shares on the exercise date and the exercise price of the option.
A summary of the company’s option activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below:
 
 
Shares
(in millions)

 
Weighted Average Exercise Price

 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
(in years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic
Value (a)
(in millions)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
 
10.5

 
$
71.34

 

 

Granted
 
1.9

 
130.98

 

 

Exercised
 
(2.3
)
 
53.79

 

 

Canceled/Expired
 
(0.5
)
 
107.90

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
 
9.6

 
$
85.30

 
4.0
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Vested and Unvested Expected to Vest at December 31, 2015
 
9.2

 
$
83.81

 
3.9
 
$
534.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exercisable at December 31, 2015
 
5.0

 
$
61.28

 
2.8
 
$
400.8

(a)
Market price per share on December 31, 2015 was $141.85. The intrinsic value is zero for options with exercise prices above the market price.
As of December 31, 2015, there was $72 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options granted. The cost is expected to be recognized through 2019 with a weighted average amortization period of 2.4 years.

F- 23

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Restricted Share/Unit Awards
Awards of restricted units convert into an equivalent number of shares of common stock. The awards generally vest over 3-4 years, assuming continued employment, with some exceptions. Vesting of the awards is contingent upon meeting certain service conditions and may also be contingent upon meeting certain performance and/or market conditions. The fair market value of the award at the time of the grant is amortized to expense over the requisite service period of the award, which is generally the vesting period. Recipients of restricted units have no voting rights but are entitled to accrue dividend equivalents. The fair value of service- and performance-based restricted unit awards is determined based on the number of units granted and the market value of the company’s shares on the grant date. For awards with market-based vesting conditions, the company uses a lattice model to estimate the grant-date fair value of the award.
A summary of the company’s restricted unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2015 is presented below:
 
 
Units
(in thousands)

 
Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

 
 
 
 
 
Unvested at December 31, 2014
 
1,805

 
$
87.09

Granted
 
931

 
126.51

Vested
 
(1,022
)
 
78.36

Forfeited
 
(153
)
 
114.46

 
 
 
 
 
Unvested at December 31, 2015
 
1,561

 
$
113.64

The total fair value of shares vested during 2015, 2014 and 2013 was $80 million, $61 million and $47 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2015, there was $118 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock unit awards. The cost is expected to be recognized through 2019 with a weighted average amortization period of 2.0 years.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
Qualifying employees are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan sponsored by the company. Shares may be purchased under the program at 95% of the fair market value at the end of the purchase period and the shares purchased are not subject to a holding period. Shares are purchased through payroll deductions of up to 10% of each participating employee’s gross wages. The company issued 151,000, 119,000 and 100,000 shares, respectively, of its common stock for the 2015, 2014 and 2013 plan years, which ended on December 31.


F- 24

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 6.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
401(k) Savings Plan and Other Defined Contribution Plans
The company’s 401(k) savings and other defined contribution plans cover the majority of the company’s eligible U.S. and certain non-U.S. employees. Contributions to the plans are made by both the employee and the company. Company contributions are based on the level of employee contributions. Company contributions to these plans are based on formulas determined by the company. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, the company charged to expense $131 million, $118 million and $87 million, respectively, related to its defined contribution plans.
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Employees of a number of the company’s non-U.S. and certain U.S. subsidiaries participate in defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all full-time employees at those subsidiaries. Some of the plans are unfunded, as permitted under the plans and applicable laws. The company also maintains postretirement healthcare programs at several acquired businesses where certain employees are eligible to participate. The costs of the postretirement healthcare programs are generally funded on a self-insured and insured-premium basis.
The company recognizes the funded status of defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans as an asset or liability. This amount is defined as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation. The company is required to recognize as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, the actuarial gains/losses and prior service costs/credits that arise but were not previously required to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost. Other comprehensive income is adjusted as these amounts are later recognized in income as components of net periodic benefit cost.
When a company with a pension plan is acquired, any excess of projected benefit obligation over the plan assets is recognized as a liability and any excess of plan assets over the projected benefit obligation is recognized as an asset. The recognition of a new liability or a new asset results in the elimination of (a) previously existing unrecognized net gain or loss and (b) unrecognized prior service cost or credits.
The company funds annually, at a minimum, the statutorily required minimum amount as actuarially determined. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, the company made cash contributions of approximately $38 million, $50 million and $38 million, respectively. Additionally, in 2013 the company irrevocably contributed appreciated available-for-sale investments that had a fair value of $27 million to two of its U.K. defined benefit plans. Contributions to the plans included in the following table are estimated at between $30 and $50 million for 2016.

F- 25

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations and plan assets of the company’s domestic and non-U.S. pension plans and postretirement benefit plans:
 
 
Domestic Pension
 Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Pension
 Benefits
 
Postretirement
Benefits
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Projected Benefit Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Obligation at Beginning of Year
 
$
1,291.1

 
$
449.2

 
$
1,075.4

 
$
857.9

 
$
55.3

 
$
38.7

Business combinations
 
—

 
849.0

 
52.7

 
135.1

 
—

 
14.9

Service costs
 
—

 
2.0

 
25.2

 
20.0

 
0.6

 
0.6

Interest costs
 
50.0

 
53.1

 
27.6

 
36.7

 
1.9

 
2.1

Settlements
 
—

 
(58.2
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(19.3
)
 
—

 
—

Plan participants' contributions
 
—

 
—

 
4.6

 
3.8

 
1.3

 
5.3

Actuarial (gains) losses
 
(48.7
)
 
76.7

 
(39.1
)
 
170.3

 
(2.2
)
 
4.0

Benefits paid
 
(79.3
)
 
(80.7
)
 
(29.6
)
 
(32.0
)
 
(5.4
)
 
(8.4
)
Currency translation and other
 
—

 
—

 
(73.4
)
 
(97.1
)
 
(2.7
)
 
(1.9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit Obligation at End of Year
 
$
1,213.1

 
$
1,291.1

 
$
1,036.0

 
$
1,075.4

 
$
48.8

 
$
55.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value of Plan Assets at Beginning of Year
 
$
1,047.6

 
$
374.4

 
$
825.8

 
$
670.7

 
$
8.6

 
$
—

Business combinations
 
—

 
687.1

 
32.1

 
96.5

 
—

 
8.0

Actual return on plan assets
 
(28.3
)
 
111.4

 
12.4

 
141.0

 
(1.1
)
 
0.6

Employer contribution
 
5.4

 
13.6

 
28.0

 
32.9

 
4.1

 
3.1

Settlements
 
—

 
(58.2
)
 
(7.4
)
 
(19.3
)
 
—

 
—

Plan participants' contributions
 
—

 
—

 
4.6

 
3.8

 
1.3

 
5.3

Benefits paid
 
(79.3
)
 
(80.7
)
 
(29.6
)
 
(32.0
)
 
(5.4
)
 
(8.4
)
Currency translation and other
 
—

 
—

 
(48.7
)
 
(67.8
)
 
—

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair Value of Plan Assets at End of Year
 
$
945.4

 
$
1,047.6

 
$
817.2

 
$
825.8

 
$
7.5

 
$
8.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funded Status
 
$
(267.7
)
 
$
(243.5
)
 
$
(218.8
)
 
$
(249.6
)
 
$
(41.3
)
 
$
(46.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated Benefit Obligation
 
$
1,213.1

 
$
1,258.3

 
$
983.4

 
$
1,014.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-current asset
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
72.7

 
$
61.8

 
$
3.8

 
$
4.8

Current liability
 
(2.9
)
 
(2.8
)
 
(5.7
)
 
(5.6
)
 
(2.6
)
 
(2.7
)
Non-current liability
 
(264.8
)
 
(240.7
)
 
(285.8
)
 
(305.8
)
 
(42.5
)
 
(48.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net amount recognized
 
$
(267.7
)
 
$
(243.5
)
 
$
(218.8
)
 
$
(249.6
)
 
$
(41.3
)
 
$
(46.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial loss
 
$
163.0

 
$
129.7

 
$
133.1

 
$
161.9

 
$
4.7

 
$
4.6

Prior service credits
 
—

 
—

 
(1.6
)
 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
(0.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net amount recognized
 
$
163.0

 
$
129.7

 
$
131.5

 
$
161.9

 
$
4.5

 
$
4.3


F- 26

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The actuarial assumptions used to compute the funded status for the plans are based upon information available as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 and are as follows:
 
 
Domestic Pension
Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Pension
Benefits
 
Postretirement
Benefits
 
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Projected Benefit Obligations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
 
4.25
%
 
4.00
%
 
2.83
%
 
2.69
%
 
4.12
%
 
3.76
%
Average rate of increase in employee compensation
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
3.06
%
 
3.03
%
 
—

 
—

Initial healthcare cost trend rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6.82
%
 
7.07
%
Ultimate healthcare cost trend rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5.21
%
 
5.22
%
The actuarial assumptions used to compute the net periodic pension benefit cost (income) are based upon information available as of the beginning of the year, as presented in the following table:
 
 
Domestic Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Pension Benefits
 
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted Average Assumptions Used to Determine Net Benefit Cost (Income)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
 
4.00
%
 
4.46
%
 
4.00
%
 
2.69
%
 
3.91
%
 
3.65
%
Average rate of increase in employee compensation
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
3.03
%
 
3.22
%
 
2.94
%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets
 
7.00
%
 
7.00
%
 
7.00
%
 
4.21
%
 
4.88
%
 
4.96
%
The ultimate healthcare cost trend rates for the postretirement benefit plans are expected to be reached between 2016 and 2033.
The discount rate reflects the rate the company would have to pay to purchase high-quality investments that would provide cash sufficient to settle its current pension obligations. The discount rate is determined based on a range of factors, including the rates of return on high-quality, fixed-income corporate bonds and the related expected duration of the obligations or, in certain instances, the company has used a hypothetical portfolio of high quality instruments with maturities that mirror the benefit obligation in order to accurately estimate the discount rate relevant to a particular plan.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the projected benefit obligations. In determining the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the company considers the relative weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes and economic and other indicators of future performance. In addition, the company may consult with and consider the opinions of financial and other professionals in developing appropriate return benchmarks.
Asset management objectives include maintaining an adequate level of diversification to reduce interest rate and market risk and providing adequate liquidity to meet immediate and future benefit payment requirements.
The expected rate of compensation increase reflects the long-term average rate of salary increases and is based on historic salary increase experience and management’s expectations of future salary increases.
The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost in 2016 are not material.

F- 27

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the company’s qualified and non-qualified pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows:
 
 
Pension Plans
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Pension Plans with Projected Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
Projected benefit obligation
 
$
1,739.2

 
$
1,820.2

Fair value of plan assets
 
1,180.0

 
1,265.3

The accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for the company's qualified and non-qualified pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets are as follows:
 
 
Pension Plans
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Pension Plans with Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
Accumulated benefit obligation
 
$
1,694.3

 
$
1,738.0

Fair value of plan assets
 
1,179.7

 
1,265.3

The measurement date used to determine benefit information is December 31 for all plan assets and benefit obligations.
The net periodic pension benefit cost (income) includes the following components:
 
 
Domestic Pension Benefits
 
Non-U.S. Pension Benefits
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

Components of Net Benefit Cost (Income)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost-benefits earned
 
$
—

 
$
2.0

 
$
—

 
$
25.2

 
$
20.0

 
$
19.5

Interest cost on benefit obligation
 
50.0

 
53.1

 
19.0

 
27.6

 
36.7

 
29.0

Expected return on plan assets
 
(54.3
)
 
(60.8
)
 
(24.3
)
 
(33.6
)
 
(34.4
)
 
(29.0
)
Amortization of actuarial net loss
 
0.6

 
3.7

 
5.2

 
9.3

 
4.2

 
6.3

Amortization of prior service benefit
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
(0.2
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.3
)
Settlement/curtailment loss
 
—

 
25.5

 
—

 
1.0

 
4.1

 
0.1

Special termination benefits
 
—

 
—

 
—

 
1.3

 
0.3

 
1.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net periodic benefit cost (income)
 
$
(3.7
)
 
$
23.5

 
$
(0.1
)
 
$
30.6

 
$
30.8

 
$
26.7

The net periodic postretirement benefit cost was not material in 2015, 2014 and 2013. The company offered to settle pension obligations for former employee participants in certain defined benefit plans in 2014. The company recorded a charge of $30 million associated with those plan participants electing to accept the settlement offer.
Expected benefit payments are estimated using the same assumptions used in determining the company’s benefit obligation at December 31, 2015. Benefit payments will depend on future employment and compensation levels, average years employed and average life spans, among other factors, and changes in any of these factors could significantly affect these estimated future benefit payments. Estimated future benefit payments during the next five years and in the aggregate for the five fiscal years thereafter, are as follows:
(In millions)
 
Domestic
Pension
Benefits

 
Non-U.S.
Pension
Benefits

 
Post-
retirement
Benefits

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected Benefit Payments
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
$
82.1

 
$
30.0

 
$
2.9

2017
 
84.7

 
28.4

 
2.9

2018
 
80.6

 
29.7

 
2.9

2019
 
80.3

 
32.6

 
2.9

2020
 
80.2

 
34.7

 
2.8

2021-2025
 
390.1

 
198.6

 
12.9


F- 28

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

A change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rate by one percentage point effective January 2015 would not have caused a material change in the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2015 and the 2015 aggregate of service and interest costs.
Domestic Pension Plan Assets
The company’s overall objective is to manage the assets in a liability framework where investments are selected that are expected to have similar changes in fair value as the related liabilities will have upon changes in interest rates. The company invests in a portfolio of both return-seeking and liability-hedging assets, primarily through the use of institutional collective funds, to achieve long-term growth and to insulate the funded position from interest rate volatility. The strategic asset allocation uses a combination of risk controlled and index strategies in fixed income and global equities. The company also has a small portfolio (comprising less than 1% of invested assets) of private equity investments. The target allocations for the remaining investments are approximately 27% to funds investing in U.S. equities, including a sub-allocation of approximately 2% to real estate-related equities, approximately 24% to funds investing in international equities and approximately 47% to funds investing in fixed income securities. The portfolio maintains enough liquidity at all times to meet the near-term benefit payments.
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets
The company maintains specific plan assets for many of the individual pension plans outside the U.S. The investment strategy of each plan has been uniquely established based on the country specific standards and characteristics of the plans. Several of the plans have contracts with insurance companies whereby the market risks of the benefit obligations are borne by the insurance companies. When assets are held directly in investments, generally the objective is to invest in a portfolio of diversified assets with a variety of fund managers. For plans not currently managing the assets in a liability framework, the investments are substantially limited to funds investing in global equities and fixed income securities with the target asset allocations ranging from approximately 35% - 70% for equities and 30% - 65% for fixed income securities. For plans managing the assets in a liability framework, the investments also include hedge funds, multi-asset funds and derivative funds with the target asset allocations ranging from approximately 4% - 18% for equities, 45% - 65% for fixed income, 10% - 20% for hedge funds, 4% - 5% for multi-asset funds and 20% - 30% for funds holding derivatives. The derivatives held by the funds are primarily interest rate swaps intended to match the movements in the plan liabilities as well as equity futures in a synthetic equity fund which provide targeted exposure to equity markets without the fund holding individual equity positions. Each plan maintains enough liquidity at all times to meet the near-term benefit payments.

F- 29

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The fair values of the company’s plan assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014, by asset category are as follows:
 
 
December 31,

 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets

 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(In millions)
 
2015

 
(Level 1)

 
(Level 2)

 
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. equity funds
 
$
252.3

 
$
—

 
$
252.3

 
$
—

International equity funds
 
231.5

 
—

 
231.5

 
—

Fixed income funds
 
442.5

 
—

 
442.5

 
—

Private equity funds
 
3.3

 
—

 
—

 
3.3

Money market funds
 
15.8

 
—

 
15.8

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Domestic Pension Plans
 
$
945.4

 
$
—

 
$
942.1

 
$
3.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
 
$
122.8

 
$
57.3

 
$
65.5

 
$
—

Fixed income funds
 
287.7

 
20.3

 
267.4

 
—

Hedge funds
 
67.5

 
—

 
67.5

 
—

Multi-asset funds
 
17.4

 
—

 
17.4

 
—

Derivative funds
 
135.0

 
—

 
135.0

 
—

Insurance contracts
 
153.6

 
—

 
153.6

 
—

Cash / money market funds
 
33.2

 
32.8

 
0.4

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Non-U.S. Pension Plans
 
$
817.2

 
$
110.4

 
$
706.8

 
$
—

 
 
December 31,

 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets

 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs

 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(In millions)
 
2014

 
(Level 1)

 
(Level 2)

 
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Domestic Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. equity funds
 
$
290.9

 
$
—

 
$
290.9

 
$
—

International equity funds
 
253.9

 
—

 
253.9

 
—

Fixed income funds
 
462.5

 
—

 
462.5

 
—

Private equity funds
 
4.7

 
—

 
—

 
4.7

Money market funds
 
35.6

 
—

 
35.6

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Domestic Pension Plans
 
$
1,047.6

 
$
—

 
$
1,042.9

 
$
4.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-U.S. Pension Plan Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity funds
 
$
129.6

 
$
55.0

 
$
74.6

 
$
—

Fixed income funds
 
341.1

 
21.1

 
320.0

 
—

Hedge funds
 
69.1

 
—

 
69.1

 
—

Multi-asset funds
 
13.6

 
—

 
13.6

 
—

Derivative funds
 
105.3

 
—

 
105.3

 
—

Insurance contracts
 
136.5

 
—

 
136.5

 
—

Cash / money market funds
 
30.6

 
30.2

 
0.4

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Non-U.S. Pension Plans
 
$
825.8

 
$
106.3

 
$
719.5

 
$
—

The tables above present the fair value of the company’s plan assets in accordance with the fair value hierarchy (Note 12). Certain pension plan assets are measured using net asset value per share (or its equivalent) and are reported as a level 2 investment above due to the company’s ability to redeem its investment either at the balance sheet date or within limited time restrictions.

F- 30

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The fair value of the company’s private equity investments, which are classified as level 3 investments, are based on valuations provided by the respective funds. There was no significant activity within the level 3 pension plan assets during the years presented.

Note 7.
Income Taxes
The components of income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes are as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
$
851.7

 
$
1,153.3

 
$
914.9

Non-U.S.
 
1,084.7

 
933.9

 
404.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
$
1,936.4

 
$
2,087.2

 
$
1,319.5

The components of the provision for income taxes of continuing operations are as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current Income Tax Provision
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
184.4

 
$
444.5

 
$
242.5

Non-U.S.
 
362.7

 
404.8

 
210.1

State
 
8.5

 
35.0

 
13.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
555.6

 
884.3

 
466.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Income Tax Provision (Benefit)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
(296.4
)
 
$
(362.4
)
 
$
(241.3
)
Non-U.S.
 
(288.2
)
 
(297.3
)
 
(178.8
)
State
 
(14.9
)
 
(32.9
)
 
(5.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(599.5
)
 
(692.6
)
 
(425.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
$
(43.9
)
 
$
191.7

 
$
40.4

The income tax provision (benefit) included in the accompanying statement of income is as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing Operations
 
$
(43.9
)
 
$
191.7

 
$
40.4

Discontinued Operations
 
(2.9
)
 
(0.6
)
 
(3.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(46.8
)
 
$
191.1

 
$
36.7

The company receives a tax deduction upon the exercise of non-qualified stock options by employees, or the vesting of restricted stock units held by employees, for the difference between the exercise price and the market price of the underlying common stock on the date of exercise. The provision for income taxes that is currently payable does not reflect $63 million, $65 million and $47 million of such benefits that have been allocated to capital in excess of par value in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

F- 31

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The provision for income taxes in the accompanying statement of income differs from the provision calculated by applying the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% to income from continuing operations before provision for income taxes due to the following:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for Income Taxes at Statutory Rate
 
$
677.7

 
$
730.5

 
$
461.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increases (Decreases) Resulting From:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Foreign rate differential
 
(274.5
)
 
(278.4
)
 
(180.2
)
Income tax credits
 
(316.4
)
 
(239.9
)
 
(227.6
)
Manufacturing deduction
 
(37.9
)
 
(45.9
)
 
(33.6
)
Singapore tax holiday
 
(20.8
)
 
(34.0
)
 
—

Impact of change in tax laws and apportionment on deferred taxes
 
(37.5
)
 
(21.0
)
 
3.3

Nondeductible expenses
 
9.4

 
23.4

 
19.6

Provision (reversal) of tax reserves, net
 
18.0

 
28.0

 
(4.3
)
Basis difference on disposal of businesses
 
—

 
18.7

 
—

Tax return reassessments and settlements
 
(53.5
)
 
(3.6
)
 
10.5

State income taxes, net of federal tax
 
(7.4
)
 
9.3

 
(3.8
)
Other, net
 
(1.0
)
 
4.6

 
(5.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
$
(43.9
)
 
$
191.7

 
$
40.4

In 2015, the company implemented tax planning initiatives related to non-U.S. subsidiaries. As a result of these initiatives, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $111 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $46 million on the related foreign income which reduced the benefit from the foreign tax rate differential in 2015. The company also implemented foreign tax credit planning in Sweden which resulted in $80 million of foreign tax credits, with no related incremental U.S. income tax expense. Also in 2015, the company recorded benefits totaling $54 million related to additional prior year foreign tax and other credits as well as restructuring and other costs associated with the 2014 acquisition of Life Technologies.
In 2014, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $172 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $55 million on the related foreign income which reduced the benefit from the foreign tax rate differential in 2014. In 2013, non-U.S. subsidiaries of the company made cash and deemed distributions to the company’s U.S. operations which resulted in no net tax cost. As a result of these distributions, the company generated U.S. foreign tax credits of $160 million, offset in part by additional U.S. income taxes of $56 million on the related foreign income which reduced the benefit from the foreign tax rate differential in 2013. In addition, the impact of tax law changes in certain foreign jurisdictions reduced the benefit from the foreign rate differential in 2013.
The company has significant activities in Singapore and has received considerable tax incentives. The local taxing authority granted the company pioneer company status which provides an incentive encouraging companies to undertake activities that have the effect of promoting economic or technological development in Singapore. This incentive equates to a tax exemption on earnings associated with most of the company’s manufacturing activities in Singapore and continues through December 31, 2021. In 2015 and 2014, the impact of this tax holiday decreased the annual effective tax rates by 1.1% and 1.6%, respectively, and increased diluted earnings per share by approximately $0.05 and $0.08, respectively.

F- 32

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Net deferred tax asset (liability) in the accompanying balance sheet consists of the following:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Deferred Tax Asset (Liability)
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
(4,024.8
)
 
$
(4,468.8
)
Net operating loss and credit carryforwards
 
1,083.3

 
941.9

Reserves and accruals
 
185.9

 
163.1

Accrued compensation
 
312.9

 
339.1

Inventory basis difference
 
83.3

 
96.6

Other capitalized costs
 
167.9

 
116.0

Other, net
 
85.7

 
77.0

 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net before valuation allowance
 
(2,105.8
)
 
(2,735.1
)
Less: Valuation allowance
 
108.9

 
116.2

 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets (liabilities), net
 
$
(2,214.7
)
 
$
(2,851.3
)
The company estimates the degree to which tax assets and loss and credit carryforwards will result in a benefit based on expected profitability by tax jurisdiction and provides a valuation allowance for tax assets and loss and credit carryforwards that it believes will more likely than not expire unutilized. At December 31, 2015, all of the company’s valuation allowance relates to deferred tax assets, primarily net operating losses, for which any subsequently recognized tax benefits will reduce income tax expense.
At December 31, 2015, the company had federal, state and non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $109 million, $1.24 billion and $2.32 billion, respectively. Use of the carryforwards is limited based on the future income of certain subsidiaries. The federal and state net operating loss carryforwards expire in the years 2016 through 2035. Of the non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards, $319 million expire in the years 2016 through 2035, and the remainder do not expire. The company also had $379 million of federal foreign tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2015, which expire in the years 2017 through 2025.
A provision has not been made for U.S. or additional non-U.S. taxes on $8.64 billion of undistributed earnings of international subsidiaries that could be subject to taxation if remitted to the U.S. because the company plans to keep these amounts permanently reinvested overseas except for instances where the company can remit such earnings to the U.S. without an associated net tax cost. It is not practicable to estimate the unrecognized tax liability due to i) the extent of uncertainty as to which remittance structure would be used (among several possibilities) should a decision be made to repatriate; ii) the availability and the complexity of calculating foreign tax credits; and iii) the implications of indirect taxes, including withholding taxes that could potentially be required depending on the repatriation structure.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As of December 31, 2015, the company had $350 million of unrecognized tax benefits which, if recognized, would reduce the effective tax rate.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
214.1

 
$
134.2

 
$
164.8

Additions due to acquisitions
 
—

 
54.3

 
—

Additions for tax positions of current year
 
14.0

 
35.3

 
12.6

Additions for tax positions of prior years
 
121.2

 
38.3

 
15.6

Closure of tax years
 
(5.2
)
 
—

 
(7.2
)
Settlements
 
5.6

 
(48.0
)
 
(51.6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at end of year
 
$
349.7

 
$
214.1

 
$
134.2

During 2015, the company’s unrecognized tax benefits increased $70 million due to the utilization of deferred tax assets and $28 million relating to foreign net operating losses on which the company has a deferred tax asset established. This increase

F- 33

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

was offset in part by a reduction of $10 million from a resolution of an IRS audit of Life Technologies for which a reserve had previously been established. Of the total $350 million of liability, $3 million is classified as a current liability and the remainder is long-term.
During 2014, the company acquired Life Technologies which resulted in an increase in the company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $54 million. The liability also increased due to the provision of tax reserves, primarily related to the sale of the divested businesses and a tax matter in a foreign jurisdiction. During 2014, the company settled the IRS audit relating to the 2010 and 2011 tax years which resulted in a decrease in the company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $48 million.
During 2013, the company settled the IRS audit relating to the 2008 and 2009 tax years which resulted in a decrease in the company’s liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $9 million. The liability was also reduced by $21 million due to the company’s withdrawal of a U.S. court case relating to the 2001 to 2003 tax years. Additionally, in 2013, the company benefited from a favorable resolution of a court case in Sweden which resulted in a decrease in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $21 million. Of the total $21 million, $17 million reduced income tax expense.
The company classified interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. The total amount of interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions and recognized in the balance sheet as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 was $19 million and $16 million, respectively.
The company conducts business globally and, as a result, Thermo Fisher or one or more of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. In the normal course of business, the company is subject to examination by taxing authorities throughout the world, including such major jurisdictions as Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Singapore, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States. With few exceptions, the company is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S., income tax examinations for years before 2011.

Note 8.
Earnings per Share
(In millions except per share amounts)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from Continuing Operations
 
$
1,980.3

 
$
1,895.5

 
$
1,279.1

Loss from Discontinued Operations
 
(4.9
)
 
(1.1
)
 
(5.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net Income
 
$
1,975.4

 
$
1,894.4

 
$
1,273.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Weighted Average Shares
 
398.7

 
398.2

 
360.3

Plus Effect of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity forward arrangement
 
—

 
0.2

 
1.8

Stock options and restricted units
 
3.2

 
3.9

 
3.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Weighted Average Shares
 
401.9

 
402.3

 
365.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
 
$
4.97

 
$
4.76

 
$
3.55

Discontinued operations
 
(0.01
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings per Share
 
$
4.96

 
$
4.76

 
$
3.53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
 
$
4.93

 
$
4.71

 
$
3.50

Discontinued operations
 
(0.01
)
 
—

 
(0.02
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Earnings per Share
 
$
4.92

 
$
4.71

 
$
3.48

Options to purchase 3.4 million, 2.4 million and 1.0 million shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively, because their effect would have been antidilutive.

F- 34

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 9.
Debt and Other Financing Arrangements
 
 
Effective
Interest Rate at
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(Dollars in millions)
 
2015

 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial Paper
 
1.14
%
 
$
49.6

 
$
—

Term Loan
 
 
 
—

 
1,275.0

4.40% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 3/1/2015
 
 
 
—

 
500.0

3.20% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 5/1/2015
 
 
 
—

 
450.0

5.00% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 6/1/2015
 
 
 
—

 
250.0

3.50% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 1/15/2016
 
 
 
—

 
400.0

3.20% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 3/1/2016
 
 
 
—

 
900.0

2.25% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 8/15/2016
 
2.29
%
 
1,000.0

 
1,000.0

1.30% 3-Year Senior Notes, Due 2/1/2017
 
0.91
%
 
900.0

 
900.0

1.85% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 1/15/2018
 
1.85
%
 
500.0

 
500.0

2.15% 3-Year Senior Notes, Due 12/14/2018
 
2.15
%
 
450.0

 
—

2.40% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 2/1/2019
 
2.44
%
 
900.0

 
900.0

6.00% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 3/1/2020
 
2.98
%
 
750.0

 
750.0

4.70% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 5/1/2020
 
3.34
%
 
300.0

 
300.0

1.50% 5-Year Senior Notes, Due 12/1/2020 (euro-denominated)
 
1.51
%
 
461.6

 
—

5.00% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 1/15/2021
 
3.25
%
 
400.0

 
400.0

4.50% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 3/1/2021
 
3.12
%
 
1,000.0

 
1,000.0

3.60% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 8/15/2021
 
2.89
%
 
1,100.0

 
1,100.0

3.30% 7-Year Senior Notes, Due 2/15/2022
 
3.30
%
 
800.0

 
800.0

2.15% 7-Year Senior Notes, Due 7/21/2022 (euro-denominated)
 
2.18
%
 
543.1

 
—

3.15% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 1/15/2023
 
3.21
%
 
800.0

 
800.0

4.15% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 2/1/2024
 
4.07
%
 
1,000.0

 
1,000.0

2.00% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 4/15/2025 (euro-denominated)
 
2.03
%
 
695.2

 
774.3

3.65% 10-Year Senior Notes, Due 12/15/2025
 
3.67
%
 
350.0

 
—

5.30% 30-Year Senior Notes, Due 2/1/2044
 
5.30
%
 
400.0

 
400.0

Other
 
 
 
16.3

 
23.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Borrowings at Par Value
 
 
 
12,415.8

 
14,422.5

Fair Value Hedge Accounting Adjustments
 
 
 
6.2

 
(0.5
)
Unamortized Premium, Net
 
 
 
104.7

 
142.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Borrowings at Carrying Value
 
 
 
12,526.7

 
14,564.0

Less: Short-term Obligations and Current Maturities
 
 
 
1,052.8

 
2,212.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Long-term Obligations
 
 
 
$
11,473.9

 
$
12,351.6

The effective interest rates for the fixed-rate debt include the stated interest on the notes, the accretion of any discount or amortization of any premium and, if applicable, adjustments related to hedging.
See Note 12 for fair value information pertaining to the company’s long-term obligations.

F- 35

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

As of December 31, 2015, the annual repayment requirements for debt obligations are as follows:
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
$
1,053.0

2017
 
902.2

2018
 
952.2

2019
 
901.9

2020
 
1,513.6

2021 and Thereafter
 
7,092.9

 
 
 
 
 
$
12,415.8

As of December 31, 2015, short-term obligations and current maturities of long-term obligations in the accompanying balance sheet included $50 million of commercial paper, short-term bank borrowings and borrowings under lines of credit of certain of the company’s subsidiaries. The weighted average interest rate for short-term borrowings was 1.14% at December 31, 2015. The company had no outstanding short-term borrowings at December 31, 2014. In addition to available borrowings under the company’s revolving credit agreements, discussed below, the company had unused lines of credit of $122 million as of December 31, 2015. These unused lines of credit generally provide for short-term unsecured borrowings at various interest rates.
Credit Facilities
The company has a revolving credit facility with a bank group that provides for up to $2.00 billion of unsecured multi-currency revolving credit. The facility expires in July 2018. The agreement calls for interest at either a LIBOR-based rate or a rate based on the prime lending rate of the agent bank, at the company’s option. The agreement contains affirmative, negative and financial covenants, and events of default customary for financings of this type. The financial covenant requires the company to maintain a Consolidated Leverage Ratio of debt to EBITDA (as defined in the agreement) below 3.5 to 1.0 and an Interest Coverage Ratio of EBITDA (as defined in the agreement) to interest expense of 3.0 to 1.0. The credit agreement permits the company to use the facility for working capital; acquisitions; repurchases of common stock, debentures and other securities; the refinancing of debt; and general corporate purposes. The credit agreement allows for the issuance of letters of credit, which reduces the amount available for borrowing. If the company borrows under this facility, it intends to leave undrawn an amount equivalent to outstanding commercial paper to provide a source of funds in the event that commercial paper markets are not available. As of December 31, 2015, no borrowings were outstanding under the facility, although available capacity was reduced by approximately $65 million as a result of outstanding letters of credit.
Commercial Paper Program
The company has a U.S. commercial paper program pursuant to which it may issue and sell unsecured, short-term promissory notes (CP Notes). Maturities may not exceed 397 days from the date of issue and the CP Notes rank pari passu with all of the company’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. CP Notes are issued on a private placement basis under customary terms in the commercial paper market and are not redeemable prior to maturity nor subject to voluntary prepayment. CP Notes are issued at a discount from par, or, alternatively, are sold at par and bear varying interest rates on a fixed or floating basis. As of December 31, 2015, outstanding borrowings under this program were $50 million, with a weighted average remaining period to maturity of 47 days and are classified as short-term obligations in the accompanying balance sheet.
Term Loan
In connection with the acquisition of Life Technologies, the company entered into an unsecured term loan agreement. The term loan agreement called for interest at either a LIBOR-based rate or a rate based on the prime lending rate of the agent bank, at the company’s option. As of December 31, 2015, all borrowings under the term loan agreement had been repaid. The company recorded a charge of $3 million for the early extinguishment of this debt in 2015.
Senior Notes
Interest on the euro-denominated senior notes is payable annually. Interest on each of the other senior notes is payable semi-annually. Each of the notes may be redeemed at any time at a redemption price of 100% of the principal amount plus a specified make-whole premium plus accrued interest. The company is subject to certain affirmative and negative covenants under the indentures governing the senior notes, the most restrictive of which limits the ability of the company to pledge principal properties as security under borrowing arrangements.

F- 36

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

In 2015, the company redeemed its 5% Senior Notes due June 1, 2015, 3.50% Senior Notes due January 1, 2016 and 3.20% Senior Notes due March 1, 2016 and recorded charges totaling $9 million for the early extinguishment of this debt.
The 4.40% Senior Notes due 2015, 3.50% Senior Notes due 2016, 6.00% Senior Notes due 2020 and 5.00% Senior Notes due 2021 were assumed by the company in connection with the Life Technologies acquisition. The fair value of these senior notes on the date of acquisition exceeded the par value by $207 million which was recorded as part of the carrying value of the underlying debt and will be amortized as a reduction of interest expense over the remaining terms of the respective debt instruments. This adjustment does not affect cash interest payments.
Interest Rate Swap Arrangements
The company has entered into LIBOR-based interest rate swap arrangements with various banks on several of its outstanding senior notes. The aggregate amounts of the swaps are equal to the principal amounts of the notes and the payment dates of the swaps coincide with the interest payment dates of the notes. The swap contracts provide for the company to pay a variable interest rate and receive a fixed rate. The variable interest rates reset monthly. The swaps have been accounted for as fair value hedges of the notes. See Note 12 for additional information. The following table summarizes the outstanding interest rate swap arrangements on the company's senior notes at December 31, 2015:
 
 
Aggregate Notional Amount

 
 
 
Pay Rate as of

 
 
(Dollars in millions)
 
 
Pay Rate
 
December 31,
2015

 
Receive Rate

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.30% Senior Notes due 2017
 
$
900.0

 
1-month LIBOR + 0.6616%
 
0.9054
%
 
1.30
%
4.70% Senior Notes due 2020
 
300.0

 
1-month LIBOR + 3.1560%
 
3.3998
%
 
4.70
%
4.50% Senior Notes due 2021
 
1,000.0

 
1-month LIBOR + 2.8680%
 
3.1118
%
 
4.50
%
3.60% Senior Notes due 2021
 
1,100.0

 
1-month LIBOR + 1.9370%
 
2.2675
%
 
3.60
%

Note 10.
Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Leases
The company leases certain logistics, office, and manufacturing facilities. Income from continuing operations includes expense from operating leases of $181 million, $181 million and $128 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The following is a summary of annual future minimum lease and rental commitments under noncancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2015:
(In millions)
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
$
144.0

2017
 
119.3

2018
 
93.5

2019
 
71.7

2020
 
50.7

2021 and Thereafter
 
148.8

 
 
 
 
 
$
628.0

Purchase Obligations
The company has entered into unconditional purchase obligations, in the ordinary course of business, that include agreements to purchase goods, services or fixed assets and to pay royalties that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction. Purchase obligations exclude agreements that are cancelable at any time without penalty. The aggregate amount of the company’s unconditional purchase obligations totaled $361 million at December 31, 2015 and the majority of these obligations are expected to be settled during 2016.

F- 37

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Letters of Credit, Guarantees and Other Commitments
Outstanding letters of credit and bank guarantees totaled $148 million at December 31, 2015. Substantially all of these letters of credit and guarantees expire before 2021.
Outstanding surety bonds and other guarantees totaled $36 million at December 31, 2015. The expiration of these bonds and guarantees ranges through 2017.
The letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds principally secure performance obligations, and allow the holder to draw funds up to the face amount of the letter of credit, bank guarantee or surety bond if the applicable business unit does not perform as contractually required. The outstanding letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds disclosed above include $18 million for businesses that have been sold.
The company is a guarantor of pension plan obligations of a divested business. The purchaser of the divested business has agreed to pay for the pension benefits, however the company was required to guarantee payment of these pension benefits should the purchaser fail to do so. The amount of the guarantee at December 31, 2015 was $41 million.
In connection with the sale of businesses of the company, the buyers have assumed certain contractual obligations of such businesses and have agreed to indemnify the company with respect to those assumed liabilities. In the event a third-party to a transferred contract does not recognize the transfer of obligations or a buyer defaults on its obligations under the transferred contract, the company could be liable to the third-party for such obligations. However, in such event, the company would be entitled to seek indemnification from the buyer.
The company has funding commitments totaling $2 million at December 31, 2015, related to investments it owns.
In 2012, the company entered into an off-balance sheet build-to-suit financing arrangement with a financial institution to fund construction of an operating facility in the U.S. Upon completion of construction in 2014, a five-year lease commenced with options to purchase the facility or renew the lease for up to three 5-year terms. The company has agreed with the lessor to comply with certain financial covenants consistent with its other debt arrangements (Note 9), and has guaranteed the facility’s residual value at the end of the lease, up to a maximum of $58 million.
In 2015, a leased operating facility was purchased by a financial institution and the company entered into a revised lease. The new lease has a term of 5 years with options to purchase the facility or renew the lease for up to three 5-year terms. The company has guaranteed the facility's residual value at the end of the lease, up to a maximum of $53 million.
Indemnifications
In conjunction with certain transactions, primarily divestitures, the company has agreed to indemnify the other parties with respect to certain liabilities related to the businesses that were sold or leased properties that were abandoned (e.g., retention of certain environmental, tax, employee and product liabilities). The scope and duration of such indemnity obligations vary from transaction to transaction. Where appropriate, an obligation for such indemnifications is recorded as a liability. Generally, a maximum obligation cannot be reasonably estimated. Other than obligations recorded as liabilities at the time of divestiture, historically the company has not made significant payments for these indemnifications.
In connection with the company’s efforts to reduce the number of facilities that it occupies, the company has vacated some of its leased facilities or sublet them to third parties. When the company sublets a facility to a third-party, it remains the primary obligor under the master lease agreement with the owner of the facility. As a result, if a third-party vacates the sublet facility, the company would be obligated to make lease or other payments under the master lease agreement. The company believes that the financial risk of default by sublessors is individually and in the aggregate not material to the company’s financial position or results of operations.
In connection with the sale of products in the ordinary course of business, the company often makes representations affirming, among other things, that its products do not infringe on the intellectual property rights of others and agrees to indemnify customers against third-party claims for such infringement. The company has not been required to make material payments under such provisions.
Environmental Matters
The company is currently involved in various stages of investigation and remediation related to environmental matters. The company cannot predict all potential costs related to environmental remediation matters and the possible impact on future operations given the uncertainties regarding the extent of the required cleanup, the complexity and interpretation of applicable laws and regulations, the varying costs of alternative cleanup methods and the extent of the company’s responsibility. Expenses for environmental remediation matters related to the costs of installing, operating and maintaining groundwater-treatment

F- 38

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

systems and other remedial activities related to historical environmental contamination at the company’s domestic and international facilities were not material in any period presented. The company records accruals for environmental remediation liabilities, based on current interpretations of environmental laws and regulations, when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of such liability can be reasonably estimated. The company calculates estimates based upon several factors, including reports prepared by environmental specialists and management’s knowledge of and experience with these environmental matters. The company includes in these estimates potential costs for investigation, remediation and operation and maintenance of cleanup sites. At December 31, 2015 and 2014, the company’s total environmental liability was approximately $35 million and $32 million, respectively. While management believes the accruals for environmental remediation are adequate based on current estimates of remediation costs, the company may be subject to additional remedial or compliance costs due to future events such as changes in existing laws and regulations, changes in agency direction or enforcement policies, developments in remediation technologies or changes in the conduct of the company’s operations, which could have a material adverse effect on the company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Litigation and Related Contingencies
There are various lawsuits and claims pending against the company involving product liability, intellectual property, employment, and contractual issues. The company determines the probability and range of possible loss based on the current status of each of these matters. A liability is recorded in the financial statements if it is believed to be probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The company establishes a liability that is an estimate of amounts expected to be paid in the future for events that have already occurred. The company accrues the most likely amount or at least the minimum of the range of probable loss when a range of probable loss can be estimated. The accrued liabilities are based on management’s judgment as to the probability of losses for asserted and unasserted claims and, where applicable, actuarially determined estimates. Accrual estimates are adjusted as additional information becomes known or payments are made. The amount of ultimate loss may differ from these estimates. Due to the inherent uncertainties associated with pending litigation or claims, the company cannot predict the outcome, and, with respect to certain pending litigation or claims where no liability has been accrued, to make a meaningful estimate of the reasonably possible loss or range of loss that could result from an unfavorable outcome. The company has no material accruals for pending litigation or claims for which accrual amounts are not disclosed below, nor are material losses deemed probable for such matters. It is reasonably possible, however, that an unfavorable outcome that exceeds the company’s current accrual estimate, if any, for one or more of the matters described below could have a material adverse effect on the company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Product Liability, Workers Compensation and Other Personal Injury Matters
The range of probable loss for product liability, workers compensation and other personal injury matters of the company’s continuing operations at December 31, 2015, was approximately $246 million to $397 million on an undiscounted basis. The portion of these liabilities assumed in the 2006 merger with Fisher was recorded at its fair (present) value at the date of merger. The company’s accrual for all such matters in total, including the discounted liabilities, was $217 million at December 31, 2015 (or $252 million undiscounted). The accrual includes estimated defense costs and is gross of estimated amounts due from insurers of $100 million at December 31, 2015 (or $123 million undiscounted) that are included in other assets in the accompanying balance sheet. The portion of these insurance assets assumed in the merger with Fisher was also recorded at its fair value at the date of merger. In addition to the above accrual, as of December 31, 2015, the company had a product liability accrual of $9 million (undiscounted) relating to divested businesses.
The assets and liabilities assumed at the merger date were ascribed a fair value based on the present value of expected future cash flows, using a discount rate equivalent to the risk free rate of interest for monetary assets with comparable maturities (weighted average discount rate of 4.67%). The discount on the liabilities of approximately $36 million and the discount on the assets of approximately $23 million (net discount $13 million) are being accreted to interest expense over the expected settlement period.
Although the company believes that the amounts accrued and estimated recoveries are probable and appropriate based on available information, including actuarial studies of loss estimates, the process of estimating losses and insurance recoveries involves a considerable degree of judgment by management and the ultimate amounts could vary materially. Insurance contracts do not relieve the company of its primary obligation with respect to any losses incurred. The collectability of amounts due from its insurers is subject to the solvency and willingness of the insurer to pay, as well as the legal sufficiency of the insurance claims. Management monitors the payment history as well as the financial condition and ratings of its insurers on an ongoing basis.

F- 39

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Intellectual Property Matters
On July 13 and 15, 2015, 454 Life Sciences (a member of the Roche Group) filed complaints against Ion Torrent, Inc., Life Technologies Corp., and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware and in Germany. Plaintiff alleges infringement of patents relating to methods of analyzing nucleic acid sequences using emulsion amplification, which plaintiff alleges are impermissibly used in Ion Torrent sequencing workflows. Plaintiff seeks damages for alleged willful infringement and breach of contract, attorneys’ fees and costs, and injunctive relief.
On June 6, 2004, Enzo Biochem, Enzo Life Sciences and Yale University filed a complaint against Life Technologies in United States District Court for the District of Connecticut. The plaintiffs allege patent infringement by Applera’s labeled DNA terminator products used in DNA sequencing and fragment analysis. The plaintiff sought damages for alleged willful infringement, attorneys’ fees, costs, prejudgment interest, and injunctive relief. In November 2012, the jury awarded damages of $49 million. Prejudgment interest of $12 million was also granted. The $61 million judgment and interest was accrued by Life Technologies and the liability was assumed by the company as of the date of the acquisition. In March 2015 the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit vacated the judgment and returned the case to the District Court for further proceedings. The company has maintained the $61 million accrual, pending appeals.
On January 30, 2012, Enzo Life Sciences filed a complaint against Life Technologies in United States District Court for the District of Delaware. The plaintiff alleges patent infringement by Life Technologies’ Taqman probes and assays, Dynabead oligo-dT beads, NCode oligonucleotide array products, Ion Torrent beads and chips and SOLiD beads and chips. The plaintiff seeks damages for alleged willful infringement, attorneys’ fees, costs, prejudgment interest and injunctive relief.
On May 26, 2010, Promega Corp. & Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften EV filed a complaint against Life Technologies in the United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin. The plaintiffs allege patent infringement by sales and uses of Applied Biosystems’ short tandem repeat DNA identification products outside the scope of a 2006 license agreement. The plaintiff sought damages for alleged willful infringement, attorneys’ fees, costs, prejudgment interest, and injunctive relief. Although a jury initially found willful infringement and assessed damages at $52 million, the District Court subsequently overturned the verdict on the grounds that the plaintiff had failed to prove infringement. The District Court entered judgment in favor of Life Technologies; and plaintiffs and Life Technologies filed cross-appeals with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The $52 million award was accrued by Life Technologies and the liability was assumed by the company as of the date of the acquisition. On December 15, 2014, the Court of Appeals issued a decision invalidating four of the plaintiffs’ patents, but finding infringement by Life Technologies of the remaining fifth patent. The Court of Appeals also ordered a new trial on damages in the District Court.
On December 27, 2011, Illumina Inc. filed a complaint against Life Technologies in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California alleging infringement of a patent relating to methods for making bead arrays by Ion Torrent’s semiconductor sequencing systems. Plaintiff seeks damages for alleged willful infringement, attorneys’ fees, costs, pre- and post-judgment interest, and injunctive relief.
On June 3, 2013, Unisone Strategic IP filed a complaint against Life Technologies in the United States District Court for the Southern District of California alleging patent infringement by Life Technologies’ supply chain management system software, which operates with product “supply centers” installed at customer sites. Plaintiff seeks damages for alleged willful infringement, attorneys’ fees, costs, and injunctive relief.


F- 40

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 11.
Comprehensive Income and Shareholders' Equity
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) combines net income and other comprehensive items. Other comprehensive items represent certain amounts that are reported as components of shareholders’ equity in the accompanying balance sheet.
Changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive items, net of tax are as follows: 
(In millions)
 
Currency
Translation
Adjustment

 
Unrealized
Gains on
Available-for-
Sale
Investments

 
Unrealized
Losses on
Hedging
Instruments

 
Pension and
Other
Postretirement
Benefit
Liability
Adjustment

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
$
(1,070.6
)
 
$
1.3

 
$
(20.9
)
 
$
(194.8
)
 
$
(1,285.0
)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications
 
(706.1
)
 
0.5

 
(9.0
)
 
(9.0
)
 
(723.6
)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive items
 
—

 
—

 
3.3

 
8.0

 
11.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net other comprehensive items
 
(706.1
)
 
0.5

 
(5.7
)
 
(1.0
)
 
(712.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
(1,776.7
)
 
$
1.8

 
$
(26.6
)
 
$
(195.8
)
 
$
(1,997.3
)
Shareholders’ Equity
At December 31, 2015, the company had reserved 36.1 million unissued shares of its common stock for possible issuance under stock-based compensation plans.
The company has 50,000 shares of authorized but unissued $100 par value preferred stock.
Equity Forward Agreements
In June 2013, in anticipation of the acquisition of Life Technologies, the company entered into equity forward agreements. The use of the equity forward agreements substantially eliminated future equity market price risk by fixing a common equity offering sales price under the then existing market conditions, while mitigating share dilution from the offering by postponing the actual issuance of common stock until the funds were needed for the Life Technologies acquisition.
Upon settlement of the agreements, in January 2014, the company issued and delivered 29.6 million shares of its common stock at the then applicable forward sale price of $82.5342 per share.
On February 3, 2014, the company issued 5.3 million shares of its common stock at a price of $94.85 per share to settle a private placement subscription agreement that was contingent on the closing of the Life Technologies acquisition.
The equity forward and subscription agreements had no initial fair value as they were entered into at the then market price of the common stock. The company did not receive any proceeds from the sale of common stock until the agreements were settled. Upon settlement, the proceeds were recorded in equity. Prior to their settlement, to the extent that the equity forward agreements were dilutive, they have been reflected in the company’s diluted earnings per share calculations using the treasury stock method. Prior to closing, the subscription agreement was not potentially dilutive to the company’s diluted earnings per share calculations due to its contingent nature.


F- 41

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 12.
Fair Value Measurements and Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair Value Measurements
The company uses the market approach technique to value its financial instruments and there were no changes in valuation techniques during 2015. The company’s financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are primarily comprised of insurance contracts, investments in money market funds, derivative contracts, mutual funds holding publicly traded securities and other investments in unit trusts held as assets to satisfy outstanding deferred compensation and retirement liabilities; and acquisition-related contingent consideration.
The fair value accounting guidance requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of the following three categories:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the company has the ability to access.
Level 2: Observable market based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data such as quoted prices, interest rates and yield curves.
Level 3: Inputs are unobservable data points that are not corroborated by market data.
The following table presents information about the company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2015:
 
 
December 31,

 
Quoted
Prices in
Active
Markets

 
Significant
Other
Observable
 Inputs

 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs

(In millions)
 
2015

 
(Level 1)

 
(Level 2)

 
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
$
54.6

 
$
54.6

 
$
—

 
$
—

Bank time deposits
 
2.0

 
2.0

 
—

 
—

Investments in mutual funds, unit trusts and other similar instruments
 
7.6

 
7.6

 
—

 
—

Warrants
 
3.4

 
—

 
3.4

 
—

Insurance contracts
 
108.1

 
—

 
108.1

 
—

Derivative contracts
 
13.8

 
—

 
13.8

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 
$
189.5

 
$
64.2

 
$
125.3

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative contracts
 
$
41.8

 
$
—

 
$
41.8

 
$
—

Contingent consideration
 
1.9

 
—

 
—

 
1.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Liabilities
 
$
43.7

 
$
—

 
$
41.8

 
$
1.9


F- 42

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table presents information about the company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2014:
 
 
December 31,

 
Quoted
Prices in
 Active
Markets

 
Significant
Other
Observable
 Inputs

 
Significant
 Unobservable
 Inputs

(In millions)
 
2014

 
(Level 1)

 
(Level 2)

 
(Level 3)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash equivalents
 
$
617.3

 
$
617.3

 
$
—

 
$
—

Bank time deposits
 
8.5

 
8.5

 
—

 
—

Investments in mutual funds, unit trusts and other similar instruments
 
8.7

 
8.7

 
—

 
—

Insurance contracts
 
102.5

 
—

 
102.5

 
—

Derivative contracts
 
20.2

 
—

 
20.2

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
 
$
757.2

 
$
634.5

 
$
122.7

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative contracts
 
$
10.4

 
$
—

 
$
10.4

 
$
—

Contingent consideration
 
29.6

 
—

 
—

 
29.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Liabilities
 
$
40.0

 
$
—

 
$
10.4

 
$
29.6

The company determines the fair value of its insurance contracts by obtaining the cash surrender value of the contracts from the issuer. The fair value of derivative contracts is the estimated amount that the company would receive/pay upon liquidation of the contracts, taking into account the change in interest rates and currency exchange rates. The company determines the fair value of acquisition-related contingent consideration based on assessment of the probability that the company would be required to make such future payment. Changes to the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded in selling, general and administrative expense. The following table provides a rollforward of the fair value, as determined by level 3 inputs, of the contingent consideration.
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Contingent Consideration
 
 
 
 
Beginning Balance
 
$
29.6

 
$
5.1

Acquisition
 
—

 
29.9

Payments
 
(11.2
)
 
(13.4
)
Change in fair value included in earnings
 
(2.9
)
 
8.2

Sale of a product line
 
(13.4
)
 
—

Currency translation
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
 
 
 
 
 
Ending Balance
 
$
1.9

 
$
29.6

The notional amounts of derivative contracts outstanding, consisting of interest rate swaps and currency exchange contracts, totaled $6.63 billion and $3.74 billion at December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

F- 43

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

While certain derivatives are subject to netting arrangements with counterparties, the company does not offset derivative assets and liabilities within the consolidated balance sheet. The following tables present the fair value of derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheet and statement of income.
 
 
Fair Value – Assets
 
Fair Value – Liabilities
 
 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

 
December 31,

(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps (a)
 
$
0.2

 
$
—

 
$
16.4

 
$
3.7

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts (b)
 
13.6

 
20.2

 
25.4

 
6.7

(a)
The fair value of the interest rate swaps is included in the consolidated balance sheet under the captions other assets or other accrued expenses.
(b)
The fair value of the currency exchange contracts is included in the consolidated balance sheet under the captions other current assets or other accrued expenses.
 
 
Gain (Loss) Recognized
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives Designated as Fair Value Hedges
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps - effective portion
 
$
34.0

 
$
4.2

Interest rate swaps - ineffective portion (a)
 
(7.4
)
 
0.9

Derivatives Not Designated as Fair Value Hedges
 
 
 
 
Currency exchange contracts
 
 
 
 
Included in cost of revenues
 
$
12.4

 
$
14.7

Included in other expense, net
 
126.8

 
129.9

(a)
The ineffective portion of the loss recognized on interest rate swaps during 2015 includes $7.5 million of costs associated with entering into the swap arrangements.
Gains and losses recognized on currency exchange contracts and the effective portion of interest rate swaps are included in the consolidated statement of income together with the corresponding, offsetting losses and gains on the underlying hedged transactions. Gains and losses recognized on the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps are included in other expense, net in the accompanying statement of income.
The company also uses foreign currency-denominated debt to partially hedge its net investments in foreign operations against adverse movements in exchange rates. The company’s euro-denominated senior notes have been designated as, and are effective as, economic hedges of part of the net investment in a foreign operation. Accordingly, foreign currency transaction gains or losses due to spot rate fluctuations on the euro-denominated debt instruments are included in currency translation adjustment within other comprehensive income and shareholders’ equity. In 2015 and 2014, pre-tax net gains of $77 million and $21 million, respectively, from the euro-denominated notes were included in currency translation adjustment.
Cash Flow Hedge Arrangements
In February 2015, the company entered into interest rate swap arrangements to mitigate the risk of interest rates rising prior to completion of a debt offering in 2016. Based on the company’s conclusion that a debt offering is probable as a result of debt maturing in 2016 and that such debt would carry semi-annual interest payments over a 10-year term, the swaps hedge the cash flow risk for each of the semi-annual fixed-rate interest payments on $1.00 billion of principal amount of the planned 10-year fixed-rate debt issue. The hedge will be terminated upon completion of a debt offering in 2016. The fair value of the hedge at that time will be recorded to accumulated other comprehensive items within shareholders’ equity and will be amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt. The change in the fair value of the hedge, $9 million, net of tax, as of December 31, 2015, was classified as a decrease to accumulated other comprehensive items.
In 2013, prior to issuing the 4.15% Senior Notes due 2024, the company entered into interest rate swap agreements to mitigate the risk of interest rates rising prior to completion of a debt offering. Based on the company’s conclusion that a debt offering was probable as a result of near-term debt maturities and that such debt would carry semi-annual interest payments over a 10-year term, the swaps hedged the cash flow risk for each of the semi-annual fixed-rate interest payments on $700

F- 44

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

million of principal amount of the planned 10-year fixed-rate debt issue. In December 2013, the company issued senior notes and terminated the swap arrangements. The company received $11 million at the termination of these agreements and recorded a gain of $1 million on the ineffective portion in other expense, net in the accompanying statement of income. The remaining favorable change in the fair value of the hedge upon termination (the effective portion) was $6 million, net of tax, and was classified as an increase to accumulated other comprehensive items within shareholder’s equity and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of the debt through 2024.
Fair Value of Other Financial Instruments
The carrying value and fair value of the company’s notes receivable and debt obligations are as follows:
 
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2014
 
 
Carrying

 
Fair

 
Carrying

 
Fair

(In millions)
 
Value

 
Value

 
Value

 
Value

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Notes Receivable
 
$
12.1

 
$
14.9

 
$
8.3

 
$
8.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt Obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes
 
$
12,460.8

 
$
12,618.8

 
$
13,265.8

 
$
13,590.6

Term loan
 
—

 
—

 
1,275.0

 
1,275.0

Commercial paper
 
49.6

 
49.6

 
—

 
—

Other
 
16.3

 
16.3

 
23.2

 
23.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
12,526.7

 
$
12,684.7

 
$
14,564.0

 
$
14,888.8

The fair value of debt obligations was determined based on quoted market prices and on borrowing rates available to the company at the respective period ends which represent level 2 measurements.

Note 13.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
(In millions)
 
2015

 
2014

 
2013

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Paid For:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest
 
$
437.6

 
$
435.9

 
$
215.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income Taxes
 
$
476.6

 
$
585.7

 
$
226.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-cash Activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of assets of acquired businesses
 
$
736.5

 
$
19,623.9

 
$
—

Cash paid for acquired businesses
 
(699.9
)
 
(13,534.6
)
 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities assumed of acquired businesses
 
$
36.6

 
$
6,089.3

 
$
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of available-for-sale investments contributed to defined benefit plans
 
$
—

 
$
—

 
$
27.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Declared but unpaid dividends
 
$
61.3

 
$
61.9

 
$
55.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of stock upon vesting of restricted stock units
 
$
131.0

 
$
110.0

 
$
64.2



F- 45

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 14.
Restructuring and Other Costs (Income), Net
Restructuring and other costs in 2015 primarily included continuing charges for headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including the closure and consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia; charges associated with product liability litigation and litigation at acquired businesses; impairment of acquired technology in development; and third-party acquisition transaction and integration costs related to recent acquisitions. These charges were partially offset by gains on the sale of a small product line and real estate, and, to a lesser extent, changes in estimates of contingent consideration. In 2015, severance actions associated with facility consolidations and cost reduction measures affected approximately 2% of the company’s workforce.
Restructuring and other costs (income) in 2014 primarily included the gains on sale of the company’s sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses and the sale of the Cole-Parmer business, and to a lesser extent gains on the sale of real estate, offset in part by sales of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition, cash compensation to monetize certain equity awards held by Life Technologies’ employees at the date of acquisition, third-party acquisition transaction and integration costs, severance obligations payable to former Life Technologies’ executives and employees, charges to conform the accounting policies of Life Technologies with the company’s accounting policies and, to a lesser extent, continuing charges for headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including the closure and consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia. In 2014, severance actions associated with facility consolidations and cost reduction measures affected approximately 3% of the company’s workforce. The company also incurred charges for pension settlements in 2014.
Restructuring and other costs in 2013 primarily included continuing charges for headcount reductions and facility consolidations in an effort to streamline operations, including the closure and consolidation of operations within several facilities in the U.S., Europe and Asia. The company’s 2013 severance actions associated with facility consolidations and cost reduction measures affected approximately 3% of the company’s workforce.
 As of February 25, 2016, the company has identified restructuring actions that will result in additional charges of approximately $55 million, primarily in 2016 which will be recorded when specified criteria are met, such as abandonment of leased facilities.
2015
During 2015, the company recorded net restructuring and other costs by segment as follows:
(In millions)
 
Cost of
Revenues

 
Selling,
General and
Administrative
Expenses

 
Restructuring
and Other
Costs, Net

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
2.0

 
$
13.6

 
$
64.4

 
$
80.0

Analytical Instruments
 
0.1

 
(0.3
)
 
26.6

 
26.4

Specialty Diagnostics
 
0.8

 
(0.4
)
 
9.7

 
10.1

Laboratory Products and Services
 
6.2

 
6.1

 
12.6

 
24.9

Corporate
 
—

 
27.3

 
2.0

 
29.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
9.1

 
$
46.3

 
$
115.3

 
$
170.7

The components of net restructuring and other costs by segment are as follows:
Life Sciences Solutions
In 2015, the Life Sciences Solutions segment recorded $80.0 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $2.0 million for accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation and sales of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition. The segment also recorded $13.6 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses, including $6.2 million of third-party transaction and integration costs related to the acquisitions of Life Technologies and Advanced Scientifics, as well as $9.1 million for accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation. These charges were partially offset by $1.7 million of income for changes in estimates of contingent consideration. In addition, the segment recorded $64.4 million of restructuring and other costs, net, $40.4 million of which were cash costs. These costs included $5.0 million of cash compensation contractually due to employees of an acquired business on the date of acquisition; $0.9 million of charges associated with a previous sale of a business; and $34.5 million of costs primarily associated with headcount reductions and facility consolidations in the U.S. and Europe, including

F- 46

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

$23.7 million for severance, $4.1 million of abandoned facility costs, and $6.7 million of other cash costs, including retention and outplacement costs. The segment also recorded $20.0 million of charges for pre-acquisition litigation related matters and $14.9 million of impairment of acquired technology in development. These costs were partially offset by a $7.6 million gain on the sale of a small product line and a $3.0 million gain on the sale of real estate.
Analytical Instruments
In 2015, the Analytical Instruments segment recorded $26.4 million of net restructuring and other charges, $22.1 million of which were cash costs primarily associated with abandoned facilities, including remediation and other closure costs, and, to a lesser extent, headcount reductions. The segment also recorded $4.5 million of non-cash expense primarily for real estate writedowns of abandoned facilities held for sale.
Specialty Diagnostics
In 2015, the Specialty Diagnostics segment recorded $10.1 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $0.8 million for accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation; $0.4 million of income to selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in estimates of contingent consideration; and $9.7 million of restructuring and other costs, net, primarily cash costs for employee severance and other costs associated with headcount reductions, as well as consolidation of facilities in the U.S. and Europe.
Laboratory Products and Services
In 2015, the Laboratory Products and Services segment recorded $24.9 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $6.2 million for sales of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition, as well as $6.1 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily associated with third party transaction costs related to the acquisition of Alfa Aesar. In addition, the segment recorded $7.7 million of cash restructuring costs primarily for employee severance and other costs associated with headcount reductions. The segment also recorded $4.7 million of charges primarily associated with a litigation-related matter of a divested business.
Corporate
In 2015, the company recorded $29.3 million of restructuring and other costs, principally within selling, general and administrative expenses, including $19.4 million of charges for product liability litigation and $7.9 million of accelerated depreciation on information systems to be abandoned due to integration synergies. The segment also recorded $2.0 million of cash restructuring costs primarily for severance at its corporate operations.
2014
During 2014, the company recorded net restructuring and other costs (income) by segment as follows:
(In millions)
 
Cost of
Revenues

 
Selling,
General and
Administrative
Expenses

 
Restructuring
and Other
Costs
(Income), Net

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
327.3

 
$
122.5

 
$
(516.4
)
 
$
(66.6
)
Analytical Instruments
 
(0.8
)
 
0.9

 
2.5

 
2.6

Specialty Diagnostics
 
0.9

 
1.5

 
17.7

 
20.1

Laboratory Products and Services
 
0.2

 
—

 
(121.0
)
 
(120.8
)
Corporate
 
—

 
5.8

 
19.0

 
24.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
327.6

 
$
130.7

 
$
(598.2
)
 
$
(139.9
)
The components of net restructuring and other costs (income) by segment are as follows:
Life Sciences Solutions
In 2014, the Life Sciences Solutions segment recorded $66.6 million of other income, net of restructuring costs. The segment recorded a net gain of $760.3 million primarily from the divestiture of its sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses (see Note 2). The gain was partially offset by restructuring and other charges including charges to cost of revenues of $327.3 million, consisting of $303.4 million of charges for sales of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition, $21.4 million of costs to conform the accounting policies of Life Technologies with the company’s accounting policies and $2.3 million of accelerated depreciation for facility consolidations. The segment also recorded charges to selling,

F- 47

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

general and administrative expenses of $122.5 million, including $100.5 million of third-party transaction and integration costs related to the acquisition of Life Technologies (Note 2), $16.2 million of costs to conform the accounting policies of Life Technologies with the company’s accounting policies, and $5.7 million for changes in estimates of contingent consideration for acquisitions. In addition, the segment recorded $232.0 million of cash restructuring costs, including $91.7 million for cash compensation to monetize certain equity awards held by Life Technologies’ employees at the date of acquisition with the remainder principally for severance obligations payable to former Life Technologies’ executives and employees as well as $5.5 million of costs related to the consolidation of various facilities primarily in the U.S. The segment also recorded a $9.3 million provision for losses on pre-acquisition litigation-related matters.
Analytical Instruments
In 2014, the Analytical Instruments segment recorded $2.6 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded a net reduction in cost of revenues of $0.8 million; $0.9 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in estimates of contingent consideration; and $2.5 million of other costs, net. These other costs were primarily cash costs including abandoned facility costs and other expenses associated with facility consolidations and employee severance, partially offset by $6.0 million of gains on the sale of real estate.
Specialty Diagnostics
In 2014, the Specialty Diagnostics segment recorded $20.1 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $0.9 million; $1.5 million of charges to selling, general and administrative expenses for changes in estimates of contingent consideration for an acquisition; and $18.7 million of cash costs. The cash costs included $9.5 million for employee severance with the remainder principally for other costs associated with facility consolidations, including the consolidation of a facility in Europe with existing facilities in Europe and China. In addition, the segment recorded $1.0 million of income, net, primarily from a gain on the divestiture of a small business unit.
Laboratory Products and Services
In 2014, the Laboratory Products and Services segment recorded $120.8 million of other income, net of restructuring costs. The segment recorded a net gain of $133.6 million from the sale of the Cole-Parmer business (see Note 2). The gain was partially offset by restructuring and other charges including charges to cost of revenues of $0.2 million and restructuring charges, of which $7.2 million were cash costs primarily for severance and abandoned facility costs. In addition, the segment also incurred $3.8 million of charges for pension settlements.
Corporate
In 2014, the company recorded $24.8 million of net restructuring and other charges, including $5.8 million of selling, general and administrative charges associated with product liability litigation and accelerated depreciation on information systems to be abandoned due to integration synergies, and cash costs of $1.7 million for severance at its corporate operations. In addition, the segment recorded $17.3 million of expense, net, primarily from $25.6 million of charges for pension settlements in addition to a writedown to estimated disposal value of a fixed asset held for sale. These costs were partially offset by a $9.6 million gain on the sale of real estate.
2013
During 2013, the company recorded net restructuring and other costs as follows:
(In millions)
 
Cost of
 Revenues

 
Selling,
General and
Administrative
Expenses

 
Restructuring
and Other
Costs, Net

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life Sciences Solutions
 
$
—

 
$
51.7

 
$
4.4

 
$
56.1

Analytical Instruments
 
2.9

 
0.6

 
20.9

 
24.4

Specialty Diagnostics
 
24.9

 
12.9

 
24.2

 
62.0

Laboratory Products and Services
 
0.8

 
—

 
25.2

 
26.0

Corporate
 
—

 
8.3

 
3.0

 
11.3

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
28.6

 
$
73.5

 
$
77.7

 
$
179.8

The components of net restructuring and other costs by segment are as follows:

F- 48

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Life Sciences Solutions
In 2013, the Life Sciences Solutions segment recorded $56.1 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to selling, general and administrative expenses of $51.7 million for transaction costs related to the acquisition of Life Technologies (Note 2) and $4.4 million of other restructuring costs, all of which were cash costs. The cash costs included $4.1 million of transaction expenses related to the agreement to sell its sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses (see Note 2).
Analytical Instruments
In 2013, the Analytical Instruments segment recorded $24.4 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $2.9 million for accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation; charges to selling, general and administrative expenses of $0.6 million primarily for revisions of estimated contingent consideration; and $20.9 million of other restructuring costs, net, $23.6 million of which were cash costs. The cash costs, which were associated with headcount reductions and facility consolidations including the consolidation and closure of several facilities in the U.S. and Europe, consisted of $18.3 million of severance; $2.8 million of abandoned facility costs; and $2.5 million of other cash costs, including outplacement costs for severed employees as well as retention and moving and other expenses associated with facility consolidations. In addition, the segment realized net gains of $2.7 million primarily on the sale of real estate in the U.S. and Europe.
Specialty Diagnostics
In 2013, the Specialty Diagnostics segment recorded $62.0 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $24.9 million primarily for the sale of inventories revalued at the date of acquisition; charges to selling, general and administrative expenses of $12.9 million for revisions of estimated contingent consideration based on actual performance of an acquisition; and $24.2 million of other restructuring costs, net, which were primarily cash costs. The cash costs consisted of $17.8 million of severance; $2.8 million of abandoned facility costs primarily for facilities in Europe and the U.S.; and $3.5 million of other cash costs, primarily outplacement costs for severed employees and moving, travel and other expenses associated with facility consolidations.
Laboratory Products and Services
In 2013, the Laboratory Products and Services segment recorded $26.0 million of net restructuring and other charges. The segment recorded charges to cost of revenues of $0.8 million for accelerated depreciation at facilities closing due to real estate consolidation and $25.2 million of other restructuring costs, $22.9 million of which were cash costs. The cash costs, which consisted of headcount reductions and facility consolidations to streamline operations, included $16.4 million of severance; $4.1 million of abandoned facility costs; and $2.4 million of other cash costs, primarily retention, moving and other expenses associated with facility consolidations. The segment also recorded $2.3 million of non-cash expense, net, primarily for pension charges related to the headcount reductions and, to a lesser extent, writedowns to estimated disposal value of real estate held for sale.
Corporate
In 2013, the company recorded a charge to selling, general and administrative expenses of $8.3 million associated with product liability litigation and $3.0 million of restructuring costs primarily for severance at its corporate operations.

F- 49

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

The following table summarizes the cash components of the company’s restructuring plans. The non-cash components and other amounts reported as restructuring and other costs, net, in the accompanying statement of income have been summarized in the notes to the tables. Accrued restructuring costs are included in other accrued expenses in the accompanying balance sheet.
(In millions)
 
Severance

 
Abandonment
of Excess
Facilities

 
Other (a)

 
Total

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
$
20.0

 
$
8.3

 
$
2.8

 
$
31.1

Costs incurred in 2013
 
57.7

 
10.3

 
13.0

 
81.0

Reserves reversed (b)
 
(2.6
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(3.0
)
Payments
 
(47.0
)
 
(9.1
)
 
(13.0
)
 
(69.1
)
Currency translation
 
0.5

 
—

 
—

 
0.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2013
 
28.6

 
9.4

 
2.5

 
40.5

Costs incurred in 2014 (c)
 
140.8

 
10.5

 
102.4

 
253.7

Reserves reversed (b)
 
(5.5
)
 
(0.1
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(5.8
)
Payments
 
(124.1
)
 
(10.4
)
 
(98.1
)
 
(232.6
)
Currency translation
 
(2.1
)
 
0.4

 
(0.7
)
 
(2.4
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
37.7

 
9.8

 
5.9

 
53.4

Costs incurred in 2015 (d)
 
57.0

 
19.1

 
14.6

 
90.7

Reserves reversed (b)
 
(11.7
)
 
(0.5
)
 
(2.2
)
 
(14.4
)
Payments
 
(66.6
)
 
(15.0
)
 
(15.0
)
 
(96.6
)
Currency translation
 
(1.2
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
 
(1.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$
15.2

 
$
13.1

 
$
3.0

 
$
31.3

(a)
Other includes cash charges to monetize certain equity awards held by employees of Life Technologies at the date of acquisition, relocation and moving expenses associated with facility consolidations, as well as employee retention costs which are accrued ratably over the period through which employees must work to qualify for a payment.
(b)
Represents reductions in cost of plans.
(c)
Excludes a $895.4 million net gain on the sale of businesses, principally the company’s sera and media, gene modulation and magnetic beads businesses and the Cole-Parmer business; $19.6 million of cash compensation to monetize certain equity awards held by Life Technologies’ employees at the date of acquisition that was paid by Life Technologies prior to the acquisition; $9.3 million of provision for losses on pre-acquisition litigation-related matters of Life Technologies; and an aggregate of $19.9 million of non-cash charges, net.
(d)
Excludes $24.7 million of provision for losses on litigation-related matters; $14.9 million of impairment of acquired technology in development; a $7.6 million gain on the sale of a product line; $5.0 million of cash compensation contractually due to employees of an acquired business on the date of acquisition; $0.9 million of charges associated with a previous sale of a business; and an aggregate of $1.1 million of non-cash charges, net.
The company expects to pay accrued restructuring costs as follows: severance, employee-retention obligations and other costs, primarily through 2016; and abandoned-facility payments, over lease terms expiring through 2020.


F- 50

THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)

Note 15.
Unaudited Quarterly Information
 
 
2015
(In millions except per share amounts)
 
First (a)

 
Second (b)

 
Third (c)

 
Fourth (d)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,918.8

 
$
4,270.9

 
$
4,123.2

 
$
4,652.5

Gross Profit
 
1,822.5

 
1,941.8

 
1,883.3

 
2,108.3

Income from Continuing Operations
 
385.1

 
511.6

 
477.3

 
606.3

Net Income
 
385.1

 
511.6

 
476.1

 
602.6

Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
0.97

 
1.28

 
1.20

 
1.52

Diluted
 
0.96

 
1.27

 
1.19

 
1.51

Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
0.97

 
1.28

 
1.19

 
1.51

Diluted
 
0.96

 
1.27

 
1.18

 
1.50

Cash Dividend Declared per Common Share
 
0.15

 
0.15

 
0.15

 
0.15

Amounts reflect aggregate restructuring and other items, net, and non-operating items, net, as follows:
(a)
Costs of $40.2 million.
(b)
Costs of $24.7 million.
(c)
Costs of $40.9 million and after-tax loss of $1.2 million related to the company's discontinued operations.
(d)
Costs of $64.9 million and after-tax loss of $3.7 million related to the company's discontinued operations.
 
 
2014
(In millions except per share amounts)
 
First (a)

 
Second (b)

 
Third (c)

 
Fourth (d)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
3,903.5

 
$
4,321.9

 
$
4,171.4

 
$
4,492.8

Gross Profit
 
1,620.0

 
1,846.5

 
1,933.6

 
2,091.9

Income from Continuing Operations
 
543.1

 
278.5

 
469.9

 
604.0

Net Income
 
543.1

 
278.5

 
471.6

 
601.2

Earnings per Share from Continuing Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
1.38

 
0.70

 
1.17

 
1.51

Diluted
 
1.36

 
0.69

 
1.16

 
1.49

Earnings per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
1.38

 
0.70

 
1.18

 
1.50

Diluted
 
1.36

 
0.69

 
1.17

 
1.49

Cash Dividend Declared per Common Share
 
0.15

 
0.15

 
0.15

 
0.15

Amounts reflect aggregate restructuring and other items, net, and non-operating items, net, as follows:
(a)
Income of $330.9 million.
(b)
Costs of $231.9 million.
(c)
Income of $88.2 million and after-tax gain of $1.7 million related to the company's discontinued operations.
(d)
Costs of $47.3 million and after-tax loss of $2.8 million related to the company's discontinued operations.

Note 16.
Subsequent Event
In January 2016, the company signed an agreement to acquire, within the Life Sciences Solutions segment, Affymetrix, Inc., a North America-based provider of cellular and genetic analysis products, for approximately $1.3 billion in cash. The acquisition will expand the company's existing portfolio of antibodies and assays for high-growth flow cytometry and single-cell biology applications. Revenues of Affymetrix were $360 million in 2015. The transaction, which is expected to close by the end of the second quarter of 2016, is subject to the approval of Affymetrix shareholders and the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including regulatory approvals. The company expects to issue debt in advance of closing the acquisition of Affymetrix to partially fund the acquisition.

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