UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(X) ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
OR
( ) TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number 01-07698
ACME UNITED CORPORATION
Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter
Connecticut 06-0236700
(State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
60 Round Hill Road
Fairfield, Connecticut 06824
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code (203) 254-6060
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of each exchange on
Title of each class which registered
------------------- ------------------------
$2.50 par value Common Stock American Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer,
as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES |_| NO |X|
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports
pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES |_| NO |X|
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (l) has filed all reports required
to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
YES |X| NO |_|
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405
of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K.
YES |X| NO |_|
(1)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company as defined in
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. YES |_| NO |X|
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated
filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check
one).
Large accelerated filer |_| Accelerated filer |_| Non-accelerated filer |X|
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of the last business day of the registrant's most recently
completed second fiscal quarter was $42,102,810. Registrant had 3,503,183 shares
outstanding as of February 22, 2008 of its $2.50 par value Common Stock.
Documents Incorporated By Reference
(1) Proxy Statement for the annual meeting scheduled for April 21, 2008 is
incorporated into the Company's 2007 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Part III.
(2)
Page
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Part I
Item 1. Business 4
Item 1A. Risk Factors 5
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments 8
Item 2. Properties 8
Item 3. Legal Proceedings 8
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders 8
Part II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder
Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 9
Item 6. Selected Financial Data 11
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations 11
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 16
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 17
Item 9. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting
and Financial Disclosure 37
Item 9A(T). Controls and Procedures 37
Item 9B. Other Information 37
Part III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance 38
Item 11. Executive Compensation 39
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and
Management and Related Stockholder Matters 39
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and
Director Independence 39
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services 39
Part IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 40
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
Signatures 43
(3)
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL
Acme United Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, the "Company") was
organized as a partnership in l867 and incorporated in l882 under the laws of
the State of Connecticut. The Company is a leading worldwide supplier of
innovative cutting, measuring and safety products to the school, home, office
and industrial markets. The Company's operations are in the United States,
Canada, Europe (located in Germany) and Asia (located in Hong Kong and China).
The operations in the United States, Canada and Europe are primarily involved in
product development, manufacturing, marketing, sales, administrative and
distribution activities. The operations in Asia consist of sourcing, quality
control and sales activities. Net sales in 2007 were: United States (including
Asia) - $48.7 million, Canada - $8.1 million, and Europe - $6.3 million.
The Company has grouped its operations into three reportable segments based on
the Company's geographical organization and structure: (1) United States (which
includes its Asian operations); (2) Canada and (3) Europe. The Company competes
with many companies in each market and geographic area. The major competitor in
the cutting category is Fiskars Corporation. The major competitor in the
measuring category is Helix International Ltd. The major competitor in the
safety category is Johnson and Johnson. Refer to Note 10 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for additional segment information.
Business Strategy
The Company's business strategy includes the following key elements:
o a commitment to technological innovation achieved through consumer insight,
creativity and speed to market;
o a broad selection of products in both brand and private label;
o prompt response and same-day shipping;
o superior customer service; and
o value pricing.
The Company markets and sells under three main brands - Westcott(TM), Clauss(TM)
and PhysiciansCare(TM).
Principal Products
Principal products within the cutting device category are scissors, shears,
guillotine paper trimmers, rotary paper trimmers, rotary cutters, hobby knives
and blades, utility knives, manicure products, medical cutting instruments and
pencil sharpeners. Products introduced in 2006 and 2007 included proprietary
titanium-bonded scissors and trimmers, mechanical-assisted scissors, a new line
of Clauss(TM) hot forged scissors and high performance titanium shears, and
electric and manual iPoint pencil sharpeners. Other new Clauss(TM) products sold
in 2006 and 2007 included True Professional(TM) sewing shears, utility knives,
chef shears, hobby knives and craft implements and the titanium-bonded
spring-assisted pruner. Principal products within the measuring instrument
category are rulers, math tools and tape measures. Products introduced in 2007
included Westcott(TM) branded erasers, compasses and protractors. Products
introduced in 2006 included the iZone family of school tools - Twist-it(TM)
rulers, erasers, tape measures, staple removers and math tools. Principal
products within the safety product category are first aid kits, personal
protection products and over-the-counter medication refills. In 2007, the
Company, under its PhysiciansCare(TM) brand, introduced an updated EasyCare(TM)
first aid kit and ReadyCare(TM) line. New PhysiciansCare(TM) products introduced
in 2006 included a one-stop relief station featuring pre-packaged two-packs of
analgesics, stomach remedies, cough and cold, and allergy/sinus medications.
Also introduced were an innovative hand sanitizer and the soft-sided E-Z
Care(TM) First Aid Kit.
Product Distribution
Independent manufacturer representatives and direct sales are primarily used to
sell the Company's line of consumer products to wholesale, contract and retail
stationery distributors, office supply super stores, school supply distributors,
industrial distributors, wholesale florists and mass market retailers. The
Company had two customers whose purchases constituted 10% or more of total sales
in 2007 and 2006 and three customers whose purchases constituted 10% or more of
total sales in 2005. Sales to those major customers represented approximately
27% of total net sales in 2007, 29% of total net sales in 2006, and 41% of total
net sales in 2005.
(4)
Traditionally, the Company's sales are stronger in the second and third quarters
of the fiscal year due to the seasonal nature of the back-to-school business.
OTHER
Environmental Rules and Regulations - The Company believes that it is in
compliance with applicable environmental laws. The Company believes that there
are no environmental matters that could have a significant financial impact. The
Company believes that no major adverse financial impact is expected to result
from compliance with current environmental rules and regulations.
Employment - As of December 31, 2007, the Company employed 126 people, all of
whom are full time and none of whom are covered by union contracts. Employee
relations are considered good and no foreseeable problems with the work force
are evident.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Company files its annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form
10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 with the SEC electronically. The public may read
or copy any materials filed by the Company with the SEC at the SEC's Public
Reference Room at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20549. The public may
obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the
SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy
and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file
electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov.
You may obtain a free copy of the Company's annual reports on Form 10-K,
quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to
those reports on the Company's website at http://www.acmeunited.com or by
contacting the Investor Relations Department at the Company's corporate offices
by calling (203) 254-6060. Such reports and other information are made available
as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is filed with or furnished
to the SEC.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO A NUMBER OF SIGNIFICANT RISKS THAT MIGHT CAUSE THE
COMPANY'S ACTUAL RESULTS TO VARY MATERIALLY FROM ITS FORECASTS, TARGETS OR
PROJECTIONS, INCLUDING:
o achieving planned revenue and profit growth in each of the Company's
business segments;
o changes in customer requirements and in the volume of sales to
principal customers;
o the timing of orders and shipments;
o emergence of new competitors or consolidation of existing competitors;
and
o industry demand fluctuations.
The Company's expectations for both short- and long-term future net revenues are
based on the Company's estimates of future demand. Orders from the Company's
principal customers are ultimately based on demand from end-users and end-user
demand can be difficult to predict. Low end-user demand would negatively affect
orders the Company receives from distributors and other principal customers
which could, in turn adversely affect the Company's revenues in any fiscal
period. If the Company's estimates of sales are not accurate and the Company
experiences unforeseen variability in its revenues and operating results, the
Company may be unable to adjust its expense levels accordingly and its profit
margins could be adversely affected.
A number of the Company's products are sold through distributors and large
retailers. No assurances can be given that any or all of such distributors or
retailers will continue their relationships with the Company. Distributors and
other significant retail customers cannot easily be replaced and the loss of
revenues and the Company's inability to reduce expenses to compensate for the
loss of revenues could adversely affect the Company's net revenues and profit
margins.
(5)
LOSS OF A MAJOR CUSTOMER COULD RESULT IN A DECREASE IN THE COMPANY'S FUTURE
SALES AND EARNINGS.
Net sales to the Company's customers exceeding 10% of consolidated net sales
amounted to approximately 27%, 29% and 41% of total net revenues for the years
ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company anticipates
that a limited number of customers may account for a substantial portion of its
total net revenues for the foreseeable future. The loss of a major customer or a
disruption in sales to such a customer could result in a decrease of the
Company's future sales and earnings.
RELIANCE ON FOREIGN SUPPLIERS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S BUSINESS.
The Company purchases the majority of its products from foreign manufacturing
partners and, as a result, its business is exposed to increased risks due to:
o Increases in transportation costs;
o New or increased import duties;
o Transportation delays;
o Work stoppages;
o Capacity constraints;
o Poor quality; and
o Inflation and exchange rate fluctuations that could increase the cost
of foreign manufactured goods.
THE LOSS OF KEY MANAGEMENT COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE COMPANY'S ABILITY TO RUN
ITS BUSINESS.
The Company's success depends, to a large extent, on the continued service of
its executive management team, operating officers and other key personnel. The
Company must therefore continue to recruit, retain and motivate management and
operating personnel sufficient to maintain its current business and support its
projected growth.
The Company's inability to meet its staffing requirements in the future could
adversely affect its results of operations.
FAILURE TO PROTECT THE COMPANY'S PROPRIETARY RIGHTS OR THE COSTS OF PROTECTING
THESE RIGHTS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT ITS BUSINESS.
The Company's success depends in part on its ability to obtain patents and
licenses and to preserve other intellectual property rights covering its
products and processes. The Company obtained certain domestic and foreign
patents, and intends to continue to seek patents on its inventions when
appropriate. The process of seeking patent protection can be time consuming and
expensive. There can be no assurance that pending patents related to any of the
Company's products will be issued, in which case the Company may not be able to
legally prevent others from producing similar and/or compatible competing
products. If other companies were to sell similar and/or compatible products,
the Company's results of operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore,
there can be no assurance that the Company's efforts to protect its intellectual
property will be successful. Any infringement of the Company's intellectual
property or legal defense of such action could have a material adverse effect on
the Company.
THE COMPANY MAY NEED TO RAISE ADDITIONAL CAPITAL TO FUND ITS OPERATIONS.
The Company's management believes that, under current conditions, the Company's
current cash and cash equivalents, cash generated by operations, together with
the borrowing availability under its revolving loan agreement with Wachovia
Bank, will be sufficient to fund planned operations for the next twelve months.
However, if the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash from operations,
it may be required to find additional funding sources. If adequate financing is
unavailable or is unavailable on acceptable terms, the Company may be unable to
maintain, develop or enhance its operations, products and services, take
advantage of future opportunities or respond to competitive pressures.
THE COMPANY MAY NOT BE ABLE TO MAINTAIN OR TO RAISE PRICES IN RESPONSE TO
INFLATION AND INCREASING COSTS.
Future market and competitive pressures may prohibit the Company from raising
prices to offset increased product costs, freight costs and other inflationary
items. The inability to pass these costs through to the Company's customers
could have a negative impact on our results of operations.
(6)
THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO INTENSE COMPETITION IN THE OFFICE PRODUCTS
MARKETPLACE.
The Company's products are sold in highly competitive markets. The Company
believes that the principal points of competition in these markets are product
innovation, quality, price, merchandising, design and engineering capabilities,
product development, timeliness and completeness of delivery, conformity to
customer specifications and post-sale support. Competitive conditions may
require the Company to match or better competitors' prices to retain business or
market shares. The Company believes that its competitive position will depend on
continued investment in innovation and product development, manufacturing and
sourcing, quality standards, marketing and customer service and support. The
Company's success will depend in part on its ability to anticipate and offer
products that appeal to the changing needs and preferences of our customers in
the various market categories in which it competes. The Company may not have
sufficient resources to make the investments that may be necessary to anticipate
those changing needs and the Company may not anticipate, identify, develop and
market products successfully or otherwise be successful in maintaining its
competitive position. There are no significant barriers to entry into the
markets for most of the Company's products.
PRODUCT LIABILITY CLAIMS OR REGULATORY ACTIONS COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT THE
COMPANY'S FINANCIAL RESULTS AND REPUTATION.
Claims for losses or injuries allegedly caused by some of the Company's products
arise in the ordinary course of its business. In addition to the risk of
substantial monetary judgments, product liability claims or regulatory actions
could result in negative publicity that could harm the Company's reputation in
the marketplace or the value of its brands. The Company also could be required
to recall possible defective products, which could result in adverse publicity
and significant expenses. Although the Company maintains product liability
insurance coverage, potential product liability claims are subject to a
deductible or could be excluded under the terms of the policy.
THE COMPANY'S BUSINESS IS SUBJECT TO RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH SEASONALITY WHICH
COULD ADVERSELY AFFECT ITS CASH FLOW, FINANCIAL CONDITION, OR RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS.
The Company's business, historically, has experienced higher sales volume in the
second and third quarters of the calendar year, when compared to the first and
fourth quarters. Two principal factors have contributed to this seasonality: the
office products industry's customers and the Company's product line. The Company
is a major supplier of products related to the "back-to-school" season, which
occurs principally during the months of June, July, August and September. If
this typical seasonal increase in sales of certain portions of the Company's
product line does not materialize, the Company could experience a material
adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
TO COMPETE SUCCESSFULLY, THE COMPANY MUST DEVELOP AND COMMERCIALIZE A CONTINUING
STREAM OF INNOVATIVE NEW PRODUCTS THAT CREATE CONSUMER DEMAND.
The Company's long-term success in this competitive environment depends on its
ability to develop and commercialize a continuing stream of innovative new
products that create and maintain consumer demand. The Company also faces the
risk that its competitors will introduce innovative new products that compete
with the Company's products. The Company's strategy includes increased
investment in new product development and increased focus on innovation. There
are, nevertheless, numerous uncertainties inherent in successfully developing
and commercializing innovative new products on a continuing basis, and new
product launches may not deliver expected growth results.
THE COMPANY IS SUBJECT TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS.
The Company is subject to national, state, provincial and/or local environmental
laws and regulations that impose limitations and prohibitions on the discharge
and emission of, and establish standards for the use, disposal and management
of, certain materials and waste. These environmental laws and regulations also
impose liability for the costs of investigating and cleaning up sites, and
certain damages resulting from present and past spills, disposals, or other
releases of hazardous substances or materials. Environmental laws and
regulations can be complex and may change often. Capital and operating expenses
required to comply with environmental laws and regulations can be significant,
and violations may result in substantial fines and penalties. In addition,
environmental laws and regulations, such as the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or CERCLA, in the United States impose
liability on several grounds for the investigation and cleanup of contaminated
soil, ground water and buildings and for damages to natural resources on a wide
range of properties. For example, contamination at properties formerly owned or
operated by the Company, as well as at properties it will own and operate, and
properties to which hazardous substances were sent by the Company, may result in
liability for the Company under environmental laws and regulations. The costs of
complying with environmental laws and regulations and any claims concerning
noncompliance, or liability with respect to contamination in the future could
have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition or results
of operations.
(7)
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
The Company had no unresolved Securities and Exchange Commission staff comments
as of December 31, 2007.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
The Company is headquartered at 60 Round Hill Road, Fairfield, Connecticut in
7,500 square feet of leased space. The Company also leases 1,825 square feet of
office space in Bentonville, Arkansas. The Company owns and leases manufacturing
and warehousing facilities in the United States totaling 205,000 square feet,
and leases 44,000 square feet of warehousing space in Canada. The Company also
leases approximately 2,000 square feet of office space in Canada. Distribution
for Europe is presently being conducted at a 35,000 square foot facility owned
by the Company in Solingen, Germany. The Company also leases 2,100 square feet
of office space in Hong Kong, and 1,500 square feet of office space in
Guangzhou, China.
Management believes that the Company's facilities, whether leased or owned, are
adequate to meet its current needs and should continue to be adequate for the
foreseeable future.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company is involved, from time to time, in disputes and other litigation in
the ordinary course of business and may encounter other contingencies, which may
include environmental and other matters. The Company presently believes that
none of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, would be likely to have
a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or
liquidity.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
There were no matters submitted to a vote of the security holders of the Company
through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise during the fourth quarter of
the year ended December 31, 2007.
(8)
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
The Company's Common Stock is traded on the American Stock Exchange under the
symbol "ACU". The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices on the
American Stock Exchange for the Common Stock for the periods indicated:
Dividends
Year Ended December 31, 2007 High Low Declared
------------------------------- -------------- -------------- -------------
Fourth Quarter $ 16.84 $ 13.85 $ .04
Third Quarter 15.20 13.50 .04
Second Quarter 15.18 13.85 .04
First Quarter 15.69 13.30 .04
Year Ended December 31, 2006
-------------------------------
Fourth Quarter $ 15.25 $ 13.70 $ .03
Third Quarter 15.97 13.30 .03
Second Quarter 16.10 14.00 .03
First Quarter 14.35 12.14 .03
As of March 10, 2008 there were approximately 1,763 holders of record of the
Company's Common Stock.
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The graph compares the yearly cumulative total shareholder return on the
Company's Common Stock with the yearly cumulative total return of (a) the AMEX
Market Index and (b) a peer group of companies that, like the Company, (i) are
currently listed on the American Stock Exchange, and (ii) have a market
capitalization of $45 million to $55 million.
The Company does not believe that it can reasonably identify a peer group of
companies, on an industry or line-of-business basis, for the purpose of
developing a comparative performance index. While the Company is aware that some
other publicly-traded companies market products in the Company's
line-of-business, none of these other companies provide most or all of the
products offered by the Company, and many offer other products or services as
well. Moreover, some of these other companies that engage in the Company's
line-of-business do so through divisions or subsidiaries that are not
publicly-traded. Furthermore, many of these other companies are substantially
more highly capitalized than the Company. For these reasons, any such comparison
would not, in the opinion of the Company, provide a meaningful index of
comparative performance.
The comparisons in the graph below are based on historical data and are not
indicative of, or intended to forecast, the possible future performance of the
Company's Common Stock.
(9)
(Printer: Insert Graph)
COMPARE 5-YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN
AMONG ACME UNITED CORP.,
AMEX MARKET NDEX AND PEER GROUP INDEX
--------------------------------FISCAL YEAR ENDING------------------------------
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
ACME UNITED CORP. 100.00 143.62 419.67 375.60 390.89 390.49
PEER GROUP INDEX 100.00 142.07 167.20 172.47 180.27 150.99
AMEX MARKET INDEX 100.00 136.11 155.86 171.89 192.45 216.06
ASSUMES $100 INVESTED ON JAN. 1, 2002
ASSUMES DIVIDEND REINVESTED
FISCAL YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 2007
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
On October 4, 2005, the Company announced a stock repurchase program of 150,000
shares. This program does not have an expiration date. During 2007, the Company
repurchased 35,400 shares of its common stock at an average price of $13.88. As
of December 31, 2007, there were 89,600 shares that may be purchased under this
stock repurchase program.
(10)
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
FIVE YEAR SUMMARY OF SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(All figures in thousands except per share data)
2007 2006 2005 2004 2003
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $ 63,173 $ 56,863 $ 49,947 $ 43,381 $ 34,975
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income $ 4,022 $ 3,886 $ 2,937 $ 3,238 $ 1,222
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets $ 42,222 $ 35,021 $ 28,194 $ 22,967 $ 19,743
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term debt, less current portion $ 10,187 $ 10,218 $ 5,577 $ 1,434 $ 2,752
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income
Per share (Basic) $ 1.14 $ 1.11 $ 0.84 $ 0.96 $ 0.37
Per share (Diluted) $ 1.09 $ 1.05 $ 0.78 $ 0.85 $ 0.34
Dividends per share $ 0.16 $ 0.12 $ 0.11 $ 0.06 $ -
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Forward-looking statements in this report, including without limitation,
statements related to the Company's plans, strategies, objectives, expectations,
intentions and adequacy of resources, are made pursuant to the safe harbor
provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Investors
are cautioned that such forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties, including, without limitation, the following: (i) the Company's
plans, strategies, objectives, expectations and intentions are subject to change
at any time at the discretion of the Company; (ii) the Company's plans and
results of operations will be affected by the Company's ability to manage its
growth and inventory; and (iii) other risks and uncertainties indicated from
time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of
operations are based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which
have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America. The Company's significant accounting policies
are more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial
Statements. Certain accounting estimates are particularly important to the
understanding of the Company's financial position and results of operations and
require the application of significant judgment by the Company's management or
can be materially affected by changes from period to period in economic factors
or conditions that are outside the control of management. The Company's
management uses their judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be
used in the determination of certain estimates. Those estimates are based on
historical operations, future business plans and projected financial results,
the terms of existing contracts, the observance of trends in the industry,
information provided by customers and information available from other outside
sources, as appropriate. The following discusses the Company's critical
accounting policies and estimates.
Estimates. Operating results may be affected by certain accounting estimates.
The most sensitive and significant accounting estimates in the financial
statements relate to customer rebates, valuation allowances for deferred income
tax assets, obsolete and slow moving inventories, potentially uncollectible
accounts receivable, and accruals for income taxes. Accruals for customer
rebates are based on executed contracts and anticipated sales levels, which are
monitored monthly. Management critically evaluates the potential realization of
deferred income tax benefits as well as the likely usefulness of inventories and
the collectability of accounts receivable. Accruals for income taxes or benefits
often require interpretations of complex tax rules and regulations, which may be
subsequently challenged. Although the Company's management has used available
information to make judgments on the appropriate estimates to account for the
above matters, there can be no assurance that future events will not
significantly affect the estimated amounts related to these areas where
estimates are required.
Revenue Recognition. The Company recognizes revenue from sales of its products
when ownership transfers to the customers. When the right of return exists, the
Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Statement No. 48, Revenue
Recognition When Right of Return Exists.
(11)
Intangible Assets and Deferred Charges. Intangible assets with a finite useful
life are recorded at cost upon acquisition and amortized over the term of the
related contract, if any, or useful life, as applicable. Intangible assets held
by the Company with a finite useful life include deferred financing costs,
patents and trademarks. Deferred financing costs are amortized over the term of
the related debt. Patents and trademarks are amortized over their estimated
useful life. The weighted average amortization period of intangible assets at
December 31, 2007 was 14 years. The Company periodically reviews the values
recorded for intangible assets to assess recoverability from future operations
using undiscounted cash flows. Impairments in intangible assets are recognized
in operating results to the extent the carrying value exceeds fair value
determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash flows. The
projection of future cash flows requires the Company to make estimates about the
amount of future revenues. The actual future results could differ significantly
from these estimates, and resulting changes in the estimates of future cash
flows could be significant and could affect the recoverability of intangible
assets. During 2007, the net book value of the Company's intangible assets
increased to $1,658,880 as of December 31, 2007, from $877,796 as of December
31, 2006.
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based
compensation in accordance with the fair value recognition provisions of
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards("SFAS") No. 123R. Share Based
Payments ("SFAS 123R") The Company uses the Black-Scholes option - pricing
model, which requires the input of subjective assumptions. These assumptions
include estimating the length of time employees will retain their vested stock
options before exercising them ("expected term"), the estimated volatility of
the Company's common stock price over the expected term ("volatility") and the
number of options that will ultimately not complete their vesting requirements
("forfeitures"). Changes in the subjective assumptions can materially affect
estimates of fair value stock-based compensation, and the related amount
recognized on the consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 11 "Stock
Option Plans" in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this report
for a more detailed discussion of the effects of SFAS 123R on the Company's
results of operations and financial condition.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 2007 COMPARED WITH 2006
NET SALES
Net sales increased by $6,310,013 or 11% (10% in constant currency) in 2007 to
$63,173,005, compared to $56,862,992 in 2006. The U.S. segment sales increased
by $4,419,000 or 10% in 2007 as compared to 2006. Sales increased in Canada by
$784,000 or 11% (5% in local currency). European sales increased by $1,107,000
or 21% (11% in local currency) in 2007 as compared to 2006.
The increase in sales in the U.S. segment is principally the result of sales of
new products, including the iPoint electric pencil sharpener and market share
gains. Additionally, the Company expanded its product line, including rotary
paper trimmers with a major office superstore. Sales of other new products
included the UltraSmooth(TM) spring-assisted scissors and the new Clauss(TM)
high performance ExtemeEdge(TM) titanium shears. The sales increase in Canada
was mainly due to sales of the new iPoint electric pencil sharpeners, other new
office products and further penetration into the Canadian retail segment. The
21% sales increase in Europe was mainly due to higher sales of manicure items to
a major European retailer and expansion in the office trade channel.
GROSS PROFIT
Gross profit was 42% of net sales in 2007, as compared to 43% of net sales in
2006. The gross margin decline in 2007 was due to greater sales of lower margin
products, increased raw material and labor costs in China and higher costs as
the result of the appreciation of the Chinese currency against the U.S. dollar.
Costs also increased due to the reduction of an export tax credit in China.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $19,741,166 in 2007, compared
with $17,869,753 in 2006, an increase of $1,871,413. SG&A expenses were 31% of
net sales in both 2007 and 2006. Higher sales commission and freight costs
associated with higher sales amounted to $420,000. Other major contributors to
the increase in SG&A expenses were the costs associated with the addition of
sales, marketing and logistic personnel and consulting costs associated with the
Company's compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Additionally,
in 2006, there was a one-time benefit related to settlement of a lawsuit.
(12)
OPERATING INCOME
Operating income was $6,751,764 in 2007, compared with $6,713,020 in 2006, an
increase of $38,744. Operating income in the U.S. segment declined by
approximately $500,000 due to higher personnel related costs, increased
consulting costs associated with the Company's compliance with Section 404 of
the Sarbanes Oxley Act (approximately $200,000) and the one time benefit related
to settlement of a lawsuit in 2006 (approximately $200,000). Operating income
increased in Canada by $147,000 or 25%. The European operating loss decreased by
approximately $400,000 mainly due to sales growth and improved gross margins as
a result lower packaging and airfreight expenses.
INTEREST EXPENSE, NET
Interest expense for 2007 was $655,466, compared with $615,500 for 2006, a
$39,966 increase. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of
higher borrowings under the Company's bank revolving loan agreement.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Net other income was $206,357 in 2007 compared to $251,557 in 2006.
INCOME TAX
The effective tax rate in 2007 was 36%, compared to 39% in 2006. The effective
tax rate improved mainly due to the lower losses in Europe in 2007, as compared
to 2006 for which there is no recorded tax benefit because losses in Europe
cannot be utilized to offset earnings in other countries.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 2006 COMPARED WITH 2005
NET SALES
Net sales increased $6,916,618 or 14% (13% in constant currency) in 2006 to
$56,862,992 compared to $49,946,374 in 2005. The U.S. segment sales increased by
$5,223,000 or 13%. Sales increased in Canada by $501,235 or 7% and constant in
local currency. European sales increased by $1,183,024 or 29% and 28% in local
currency.
The increase in sales in the U.S. segment was principally the result of sales
initiatives with several major retailers and superstores, entry into the pencil
sharpener market and market share gains. The major driver in new product sales
was the expansion of the Company's patented titanium bonded products including
scissors, trimmers and knives and the introduction of the Clauss brand titanium
Chef Shears. The other major new product introduction was the iPoint electronic
pencil sharpeners. Other new product sales included mechanical-assisted
scissors, new Clauss(TM) True Professional(TM) sewing shears and the iZone
family of school tools - Twist-it(TM) rulers, erasers, tape measures, staple
removers and math tools.
The 29% sales increase in Europe was due to new sales to a large pan-European
superstore and an expanded product line with a major European retailer.
GROSS PROFIT
Gross profit was 43% of net sales in 2006 as compared to 45% in 2005. The lower
gross margin was principally due to higher sales of private label programs which
typically provide commodity items at very competitive prices, particularly in
Europe. There were also a number of promotional and initial set up expenses for
new business in Europe that reduced margins.
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE
Selling, general and administrative expenses were $17,869,753 in 2006 compared
with $15,512,488 in 2005, an increase of $2,357,265. SG&A expenses were 31% of
net sales in both 2006 and 2005. Higher sales commission and freight costs
associated with higher sales amounted to $370,000. Other major contributors to
the increase in SG&A expenses were market research, new product development and
the addition of sales, marketing and logistic personnel. SG&A expenses include
stock compensation of $275,540 in 2006, resulting from the grant of stock
options to employees and directors.
(13)
NON -RECURRING CHARGE
In the quarter ended September 30, 2005, the Company accrued a charge of $1.5
million related to the estimated costs to demolish the Company's former
manufacturing facility located in Bridgeport, CT, and to remove certain
environmentally hazardous material contained in the buildings to be demolished.
The estimated costs were based on a third party contractor's estimate. Actual
expenses were not materially different from original estimates. During the third
quarter 2006, demolition of the buildings was completed and all costs previously
accrued were paid by December 31, 2006. The Company is currently exploring its
options to sell the property.
OPERATING INCOME
Operating income was $6,713,020 in 2006 compared with $5,342,201 in 2005, an
increase of $1,370,819. The increase is primarily attributable to the $1,500,000
charge on the Bridgeport property in 2005 with no comparable charge in 2006.
Operating income increased in Canada by $104,000 or 21%. The European operating
loss increased by approximately $858,000. The results of the European operations
were negatively impacted by expedited freight costs and other costs associated
with the launch of new customer programs.
INTEREST EXPENSE, NET
Interest expense for 2006 was $615,500 compared with $234,868 for 2005, a
$380,632 increase. The increase in interest expense was primarily the result of
higher borrowings under the Company's bank revolving loan agreement.
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE), NET
Net other income was $251,557 in 2006 compared to net other expense of
($341,267) in 2005. The change from 2005 is primarily due to higher foreign
exchange transaction gains and income from a license agreement in 2006.
INCOME TAX
The effective tax rate in 2006 was 39% compared to 38% in 2005. The effective
tax rate was impacted by higher losses in Europe in 2006 compared to 2005 for
which there is no recorded tax benefit because the losses in Europe cannot be
utilized to offset earnings in other countries. This was partially offset by
lower tax rates in a tax jurisdiction outside of the U.S.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS
The Company did not engage in any off-balance sheet transactions during 2007.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's working capital, current ratio and long-term debt to equity ratio
follow:
2007 2006
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Working Capital $29,377,847 $25,460,578
Current Ratio 4.46 5.22
Long-Term Debt to Equity Ratio 44.2% 56.4%
The increase in working capital in 2007 as compared to 2006 is attributable to a
21% increase in inventory and a 17% increase in receivables. Inventory turnover
decreased from 2.2 in 2006 to 2.1 in 2007, calculated using a twelve month
average inventory balance. The inventory buildup was mainly in response to
anticipated product demand and increased customer specific inventory.
Additionally, given the lengthy lead times associated with product availability
and our customers requirements for complete and on-time deliveries, the
Company's management decided to increase inventory levels.
The average number of days sales outstanding in accounts receivable was 66 days
in 2007 and 64 days in 2006. The increase is due to higher sales to customers
receiving more favorable payment terms.
(14)
Total debt in 2007 decreased by $27,801, compared to total debt at December 31,
2006.
On March 6, 2006, the Company modified its revolving loan agreement with
Wachovia Bank (the "Modified Loan Agreement"). The amendments included an
increase in the maximum borrowing amount from $10 million to $15 million; an
extension of the maturity date from September 30, 2007 to June 30, 2009; a
decrease in the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1% from LIBOR plus 1.5%, as well as
the modification of certain covenant restrictions. Funds borrowed under the
Modified Loan Agreement will be used for working capital, general operating
expenses and other purposes. As of December 31, 2007, $10,098,000 was
outstanding and $4,902,000 was available for borrowing under the Modified Loan
Agreement.
Under the provisions of the Modified Loan Agreement, the Company, among other
things, is restricted with respect to additional borrowings, investments,
mergers and property and equipment purchases. Further, the Modified Loan
Agreement requires the Company to maintain specific amounts of tangible net
worth, a specified debt service coverage ratio and a fixed charge coverage
ratio. The Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Modified Loan
Agreement as of and through December 31, 2007, and believes these financial
covenants will continue to be met for the remainder of the term of the credit
facility.
Capital expenditures during 2007 and 2006 were $672,913 and $564,887,
respectively, which were, in part, financed with debt. Capital expenditures in
2008 are not expected to differ materially from recent years.
The Company believes that cash generated from operating activities, together
with funds available under the Modified Loan Agreement, are expected, under
current conditions, to be sufficient to finance the Company's planned operations
for the next twelve months.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements." This statement, which becomes effective
January 1, 2008, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value and expands disclosure requirements regarding fair value measurements. The
FASB has provided a one-year deferral for the implementation of FASB 157 for
other non-financial assets and liabilities. An exposure draft will be issued for
comment in the near future on the partial deferral. The Company is currently
evaluating the impact of this statement on its consolidated financial
statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for
Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities; Including an Amendment of FASB
Statement No. 115." ("SFAS 159") gives entities the option to measure eligible
items at fair value at specified dates. Unrealized gains and losses on the
eligible items for which the fair value option has been elected should be
reported in earnings. SFAS 159 is effective for the Company's 2008 fiscal year
beginning January 1, 2008. The Company expects that the adoption of SFAS 159
will not have a material effect on its financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (R), Business Combinations ("SFAS
141(R)"), and SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial
Statements("SFAS160"). SFAS 141 (R) requires an acquirer to measure the
identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling
interest in the acquiree at their fair values on the acquisition date, with
goodwill being measured and recorded at the excess value over the net
identifiable assets acquired. SFAS 160 clarifies that a noncontrolling interest
in a subsidiary should be reported as equity in the consolidated financial
statements. The calculation of earnings per share will continue to be based on
income amounts attributable to the parent. SFAS 141 (R) and SFAS 160 are
effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2008. Early adoption is prohibited. The Company expects that the
adoption of SFAS 141 (R) and SFAS 160 will not have a material effect on its
financial statements.
(15)
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
INTEREST RATE RISK:
The Company's interest expense on debt is most sensitive to changes in the level
of United States interest rates. To mitigate the impact of these fluctuations,
the Company periodically evaluates alternative interest rate arrangements.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK:
The Company's foreign currency exposures vary, but are concentrated in the
Canadian dollar, British pound, and the Euro. Purchases of inventory by the Hong
Kong office are made in U.S. dollars.
At times, the Company utilizes forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge
specific transactions with third parties denominated in foreign currencies. The
terms of these forward foreign exchange contracts are typically 90 days to a
year. Because these contracts are acquired for specific transactions, they are
an effective hedge against fluctuations in the value of the foreign currency
underlying such transaction. The Company's Canadian subsidiary previously
entered into a forward foreign exchange contract to reduce the risk of inventory
purchases in a currency other than its functional currency, the Canadian dollar.
The Company hedged the risk of foreign currency fluctuations for approximately
$1.5 million of inventory purchases in 2005 by its Canadian subsidiary. This
foreign exchange contract expired at December 31, 2005. There are no such
contracts in 2006 and 2007. Adjustments to the fair value of currencies were
reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the statement
of changes in stockholders' equity.
The Company does not enter into financial instruments for speculation or trading
purposes.
The Company and its foreign subsidiaries utilize bank loans to finance their
operations. To mitigate foreign currency risk, foreign loans are denominated in
the local currency of the foreign subsidiary wherever possible.
INFLATION
Inflation had a negligible effect on the Company's operations during 2007 and
2006. The Company estimates that any inflationary effects, in the aggregate,
were generally recovered or offset through increased pricing or cost reductions
in both years.
(16)
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the years ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------
2007 2006 2005
----------------------------------------------
Net sales $ 63,173,005 $ 56,862,992 $ 49,946,374
Costs and expenses:
Cost of goods sold 36,680,075 32,280,219 27,591,685
Selling, general and administrative expenses 19,741,166 17,869,753 15,512,488
Provision for loss on property demolition - - 1,500,000
----------------------------------------------
Operating income 6,751,764 6,713,020 5,342,201
Non operating items:
Interest expense, net 655,446 615,500 234,868
Other income (expense), net 206,357 251,557 (341,267)
----------------------------------------------
Income before income taxes 6,302,675 6,349,077 4,766,066
Income tax expense 2,280,417 2,463,415 1,828,756
----------------------------------------------
Net income $ 4,022,258 $ 3,885,662 $ 2,937,310
==============================================
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 1.14 $ 1.11 $ 0.84
Diluted $ 1.09 $ 1.05 $ 0.78
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(17)
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, December 31,
2007 2006
--------------------------------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 4,987,991 $ 3,838,172
Accounts receivable, less allowance 12,726,647 10,852,037
Inventories 18,934,977 15,677,294
Deferred income taxes 61,127 273,919
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 1,149,417 845,640
--------------------------------
Total current assets 37,860,159 31,487,062
Property, plant and equipment:
Land 174,840 158,902
Buildings 2,971,451 2,777,599
Machinery and equipment 8,050,383 7,006,219
--------------------------------
Total property, plant and equipment 11,196,674 9,942,720
Less: accumulated depreciation 8,717,316 7,402,675
--------------------------------
Net plant, property and equipment 2,479,358 2,540,045
Goodwill 88,828 88,828
Intangible assets, less accumulated amortization 1,658,880 877,796
Deferred income taxes 135,168 27,235
--------------------------------
Total assets $ 42,222,393 $ 35,020,966
================================
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable $ 4,575,118 $ 2,357,715
Other accrued liabilities 3,903,784 3,660,252
Current portion of long-term debt 3,410 8,517
--------------------------------
Total current liabilities 8,482,312 6,026,484
Long-term debt, less current portion 10,186,721 10,217,931
Other 506,617 645,192
--------------------------------
Total liabilities 19,175,650 16,889,607
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, par value $2.50: authorized 8,000,000
shares; issued - 4,267,274 shares in 2007 and 4,192,824
shares in 2006, including treasury stock 10,668,185 10,482,060
Treasury stock, at cost, 714,391 shares in 2007
and 678,991 shares in 2006 (5,929,999) (5,438,776)
Additional paid-in capital 3,550,053 3,013,667
Accumulated other comprehensive loss 285,842 (941,042)
Retained earnings 14,472,662 11,015,450
--------------------------------
Total stockholders' equity 23,046,743 18,131,359
--------------------------------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 42,222,393 $ 35,020,966
================================
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(18)
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Accumulated
Outstanding Additional Other
Shares of Common Treasury Paid-In Comprehensive Retained
Common Stock Stock Stock Capital Income (Loss) Earnings Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2004 3,413,421 $ 9,623,780 $(1,874,611) $ 2,231,003 $ (1,031,587) $ 5,033,879 $ 13,982,464
Net Income 2,937,310 2,937,310
Translation adjustment 170,432 170,432
Change in fair value of
derivative financial
instruments 82,268 82,268
Change in
minimum pension
liability (471,532) (471,532)
Income taxes relating
to minimum pension
liability 179,183 179,183
-------------
Comprehensive income 2,897,661
Tax benefit from exercise of
employee stock options 326,713 326,713
Distribution to shareholders (424,630) (424,630)
Issuance of common stock 312,312 780,780 66,171 846,951
Purchase of treasury stock (242,900) (3,564,165) (3,564,165)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2005 3,482,833 $ 10,404,560 $(5,438,776) $ 2,623,887 $ (1,071,236) $ 7,546,559 $ 14,064,994
Net Income 3,885,662 3,885,662
Translation adjustment 52,438 52,438
Change in
minimum pension
liability and the effect
of the adoption
of SFAS No. 158 125,413 125,413
Income taxes relating
to minimum pension
liability (47,657) (47,657)
-------------
Comprehensive income 4,015,856
Stock compensation expense 275,539 275,539
Tax benefit from exercise of
employee stock options 82,986 82,986
Distribution to shareholders (416,770) (416,770)
Issuance of common stock 31,000 77,500 31,255 108,755
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2006 3,513,833 $ 10,482,060 $(5,438,776) $ 3,013,667 $ (941,042) $ 11,015,450 $ 18,131,359
Net Income 4,022,258 4,022,258
Translation adjustment 1,049,444 1,049,444
Change in
net prior service credit and
actuarial losses 177,441 177,441
-------------
Comprehensive income 5,249,143
Stock compensation expense 330,859 330,859
Tax benefit from exercise of
employee stock options 22,825 22,825
Distribution to shareholders (565,046) (565,046)
Issuance of common stock 74,450 186,125 182,701 368,826
Purchase of treasury stock (35,400) (491,223) (491,223)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2007 3,552,883 $ 10,668,185 $(5,929,999) $ 3,550,053 $ 285,842 $ 14,472,662 $ 23,046,743
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(19)
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOW
For the years ended December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
2007 2006 2005
---------------------------------------------------
Operating activities:
Net income $ 4,022,258 $ 3,885,662 $ 2,937,310
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net
cash provided (used) by operating activities
Depreciation 811,570 800,449 610,509
Amortization 59,678 34,679 42,263
Stock compensation expense 330,859 275,540 -
Deferred income taxes 104,859 442,033 (462,621)
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment - 4,378 64,254
Tax benefit on stock options 22,825 82,986 326,713
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable (1,812,504) (1,546,848) (297,236)
Inventories (2,645,310) (2,940,755) (4,248,853)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets (268,276) (329,249) (71,910)
Accounts payable 2,107,704 146,571 (107,819)
Other accrued liabilities (27,805) (1,678,844) 768,779
---------------------------------------------------
Total adjustments (1,316,400) (4,709,060) (3,375,921)
---------------------------------------------------
Net cash provided (used) by operating activities 2,705,858 (823,398) (438,611)
---------------------------------------------------
Investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment (672,913) (564,887) (1,430,530)
Purchase of patents and trademarks (840,762) (142,623) (252,468)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment - 12,854 160,045
---------------------------------------------------
Net cash used by investing activities (1,513,675) (694,656) (1,522,953)
---------------------------------------------------
Financing activities:
Net (repayments) borrowings of long-term debt (37,070) 4,634,611 4,159,274
Distributions to shareholders (529,329) (428,934) (380,978)
Purchase of treasury stock (491,223) - (3,564,165)
Issuance of common stock 368,826 108,755 846,951
---------------------------------------------------
Net cash (used) provided by financing activities (688,796) 4,314,432 1,061,082
Effect of exchange rate changes 646,432 (34,695) 88,461
---------------------------------------------------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 1,149,819 2,761,683 (812,021)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year 3,838,172 1,076,489 1,888,510
---------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year $ 4,987,991 $ 3,838,172 $ 1,076,489
===================================================
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes $ 2,819,016 $ 2,180,324 $ 1,716,028
Cash paid for interest $ 741,698 $ 617,645 $ 234,523
See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(20)
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. OPERATIONS
The operations of Acme United Corporation (the "Company") consist of three
reportable segments. The operations of the Company are structured and evaluated
based on geographic location. The three reportable segments operate in the
United States (including Asian operations), Canada and Germany. Principal
products across all segments are scissors, shears, rulers, pencil sharpeners,
first aid kits, and related products which are sold primarily to wholesale,
contract and retail stationery distributors, office supply super stores, school
supply distributors, drug store retailers and mass market retailers.
2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Estimates - The preparation of financial statements in conformity with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities
at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. The most sensitive and significant
accounting estimates relate to customer rebates, valuation allowances for
deferred income tax assets, obsolete and slow-moving inventories, potentially
uncollectible accounts receivable and accruals for income taxes. Actual results
could differ from those estimates.
Principles of Consolidation - The consolidated financial statements include the
accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly owned by
the Company. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are
eliminated in consolidation.
Translation of Foreign Currency - For foreign operations, assets and liabilities
are translated at rates in effect at the end of the year; revenues and expenses
are translated at average rates in effect during the year. Resulting translation
adjustments are made directly to accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign
currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in operating results.
Foreign currency transaction gains (losses), which are included in other income
(expense), net, were $159,877 in 2007, $149,791, in 2006 and ($397,535) in 2005.
Cash Equivalents - Investments with an original maturity of three months or less
at the date of purchase are considered cash equivalents.
Accounts Receivable - Accounts receivable are shown less an allowance for
doubtful accounts of $89,856 in 2007 and $116,811 in 2006.
Inventories - Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined by the
first-in, first-out method, or market.
Property, Plant and Equipment and Depreciation - Property, plant and equipment
is recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed by the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the assets, which range from 3 to 30 years.
Asset Impairments - The Company evaluates the propriety of the carrying amounts
of its long-lived assets, including goodwill, at least annually, or when current
events and circumstances indicate a potential impairment. The Company believes
that there are no significant impairments of the carrying amounts of such assets
and no reduction in their estimated useful lives is warranted.
Intangible Assets - Intangible assets with a finite useful life are recorded at
cost upon acquisition, and amortized over the term of the related contract or
useful life, as applicable. Intangible assets held by the Company with a finite
useful life include deferred financing costs, patents, and trademarks. Deferred
financing costs are amortized over the term of the related debt. Patents and
trademarks are amortized over their estimated useful life. The weighted average
amortization period of intangible assets at December 31, 2007 is 14 years.
Goodwill - As of January 1, 2002, the Company adopted Financial Accounting
Standards Board ("FASB") Statement No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
and therefore, no longer amortizes goodwill, but rather tests it annually for
impairment. There was no impairment of goodwill at December 31, 2007 and
December 31, 2006.
(21)
Deferred Income Taxes - Deferred income taxes are provided on the differences
between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and on
operating loss carryovers, using enacted tax rates in effect in years in which
the differences are expected to reverse.
Revenue Recognition - The Company recognizes revenue from sales of its products
when ownership transfers to the customers. When the right of return exists, the
Company recognizes revenue in accordance with FASB Statement No. 48, Revenue
Recognition When Right of Return Exists.
Research and Development - Research and development costs ($236,064 in 2007,
$306,422 in 2006 and $244,904 in 2005) are expensed as incurred.
Shipping Costs - Shipping costs ($2,974,205 in 2007, $2,496,981 in 2006 and
$2,310,596 in 2005) are included in selling, general and administrative
expenses.
Advertising Costs - The Company expenses the production costs of advertising the
first time that the related advertising takes place. Advertising costs
($1,060,523 in 2007, $1,292,250 in 2006 and $1,252,366 in 2005) are included in
selling, general and administrative expenses.
Concentrations - The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its
customers and generally does not require collateral. Allowances for credit
losses are provided and have been within management's expectations. In 2007 and
2006, the Company had two customers with net sales exceeding 10% of consolidated
net sales and three customers in 2005. Net sales to these customers amounted to
approximately 17% and 10% in 2007, 19% and 10% in 2006 and 18%, 12% and 11%, in
2005.
Derivatives - The Company accounts for derivative financial instruments
consistent with the requirements of FASB Statement No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, and its amendments, FASB
Statement 137, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging
Activities-Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, and FASB
Statement No. 138, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging
Activities. The Company recognizes all derivative financial instruments, such as
interest rate swap contracts, forward foreign exchange contracts, and foreign
currency option contracts, in the consolidated financial statements at fair
value regardless of the purpose or intent for holding the instrument. Changes in
the fair value of derivative financial instruments are either recognized
periodically in operations or in stockholders' equity as a component of
accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), depending on whether the
derivative financial instrument qualifies for hedge accounting, and if so,
whether it qualifies as a fair value hedge or cash flow hedge. Generally,
changes in fair values of derivatives accounted for as fair value hedges are
recorded in operations along with the portions of the changes in the fair values
of the hedged items that relate to the hedged risk(s). Changes in fair values of
derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective
as hedges, are recorded in other comprehensive (loss) income, net of deferred
income taxes. Changes in fair value of derivatives used as hedges of the net
investment in foreign operations are reported in other comprehensive income
(loss) as part of the cumulative translation adjustment. Changes in fair values
of derivatives not qualifying as hedges are reported in operations.
3. INVENTORIES
Inventories consist of: 2007 2006
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Finished goods $ 18,069,060 $ 14,709,418
Work in process 112,727 62,675
Materials and supplies 753,190 905,201
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 18,934,977 $ 15,677,294
=========================================================================
Inventories are stated net of valuation allowances for obsolescence of $461,466
as of December 31, 2007 and $405,963 as of December 31, 2006.
(22)
4. INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of: 2007 2006
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Patents 1,334,133 569,359
Trademarks 468,224 392,236
-----------------------------------------------------------------
1,802,357 961,595
Accumulated amortization 143,477 83,799
-----------------------------------------------------------------
$1,658,880 $ 877,796
=================================================================
Amortization expense for patents and trademarks for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2006 and 2005 was $59,678, $34,679 and $29,605, respectively. The
estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the next five succeeding
years is as follows: 2008 - $103,622; 2009 - $103,622; 2010 - $103,622; 2011 -
$102,521; and 2012 - $101,065. Refer to Note 17 of the accompanying Notes to the
Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the
acquisition of intangible assets.
5. OTHER ACCRUED LIABILITIES
Other accrued liabilities consist of: 2007 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vendor rebates $ 2,792,411 $ 2,410,097
Other 1,617,991 1,895,348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 4,410,402 $ 4,305,445
==========================================================================
Other accrued liabilities include both current and non-current liabilities.
6. PENSION AND PROFIT SHARING
United States employees, hired prior to July 1, 1993, are covered by a funded,
defined benefit pension plan. The benefits of this pension plan are based on
years of service and the average compensation of the highest three consecutive
years during the last ten years of employment. In December 1995, the Company's
Board of Directors approved an amendment to the United States pension plan
ceasing all future benefit accruals as of February 1, 1996, without terminating
the pension plan. The Company uses a December 31 measurement date for the
pension plan.
On December 31, 2006, the Company adopted the recognition and disclosure
provisions of FASB Statement 158. Statement 158 required the Company to
recognize the funded status of its pension plan in the December 31, 2006
statement of financial position, with a corresponding adjustment to accumulated
other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The plan asset weighted average allocation at December 31, 2007 and December 31,
2006, by asset category, is as follows:
Asset Category 2007 2006
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity Securities 69% 68%
Fixed Income Securities 28% 29%
Other Securities / Investments 3% 3%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100% 100%
==========================================================================
The Company's investment policy for the pension plan is to minimize risk by
balancing investments between equity securities and fixed income securities,
utilizing a weighted average approach of 65% equity securities, 30% fixed income
securities, and 5% cash investments. Plan funds are invested in long-term
obligations with a history of moderate to low risk.
As of each December 31, 2007 and 2006, equity securities in the pension plan
included 10,000 shares of the Company's Common Stock, having a market value of
$142,501 and $144,100, respectively.
(23)
Other disclosures related to the pension plan follow:
2007 2006
----------------------------------
Assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
Discount rate 5.75% 5.75%
Changes in benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year $ (3,327,730) $ (3,616,356)
Interest cost (181,599) (187,284)
Service cost (30,000) (30,000)
Amendment 1,313 -
Actuarial loss 85,078 92,624
Benefits and plan expenses paid 533,662 413,286
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit obligation at end of year (2,919,276) (3,327,730)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year 2,910,484 3,070,541
Actual return on plan assets 233,376 253,229
Employer Contribution 21,944 -
Benefits and plan expenses paid (533,662) (413,286)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fair value of plan assets at end of year 2,632,142 2,910,484
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Funded status $ (287,134) $ (417,246)
==================================================================================================
Amounts recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income:
Net (gain) / loss 1,063,979 1,231,335
Prior service cost / (credit) 68,895 78,984
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total $ 1,132,874 $ 1,310,319
==================================================================================================
Accrued benefits costs are included in other accrued liabilities (non-current).
2007 2006 2005
============================================================================================================
Assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
Discount rate 5.75% 5.50% 5.75%
Expected return on plan assets 8.25% 8.00% 8.00%
Components of net benefit expense:
Interest cost $ 181,599 $ 187,284 $ 204,229
Service cost 30,000 30,000 35,000
Expected return on plan assets (225,913) (230,819) (260,089)
Amortization of prior service costs 8,776 8,776 8,776
Amortization of actuarial gain 74,815 89,363 66,204
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost $ 69,277 $ 84,604 $ 54,120
============================================================================================================
The Company employs a building block approach in determining the long-term rate
of return for plan assets. Historical markets are studied and long-term
historical relationships between equity securities and fixed income securities
are preserved consistent with the widely-accepted capital market principle that
assets with higher volatility generate higher returns over the long run. Current
market factors, such as inflation and interest rates, are evaluated before
long-term capital market assumptions are determined.
The following table discloses the change recorded in other comprehensive income
related to benefit costs:
(24)
2007 2006 2005
--------------------------------------------------
Change through other comprehensive income prior to
application of SFAS 158, excluding income tax effect N/A $ (204,397) $ 471,532
Net (gain) / loss $ (92,541) N/A N/A
Prior service cost / (credit) (1,313) N/A N/A
Amortization of net gain / (loss) (74,815) N/A N/A
amortization of transition (obligation) / asset - N/A N/A
Amortization of prior service (cost) / credit (8,776) N/A N/A
--------------------------------------------------
Total recognized in other comprehensive income $ (177,445) $ (204,397) $ 471,532
Increase / (decrease) in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
to reflect the Adoption of SFAS 158, net of income tax effect N/A $ 78,984 N/A
The following benefits are expected to be paid:
2008 $ 356,588
2009 350,357
2010 334,798
2011 318,320
2012 303,434
Years 2013 - 2017 1,280,660
The Company also has a qualified, non-contributory profit sharing plan covering
substantially all of its United States employees. Annual Company contributions
to this profit sharing plan are determined by the Company's Compensation
Committee. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company
contributed 50% of employee's contributions, up to the first 6% of an employee's
contribution. Total contribution expense under this profit sharing plan was
$96,939 in 2007, $77,673 in 2006 and $60,000 in 2005.
7. INCOME TAXES
The amounts of income taxes reflected in operations follow:
2007 2006 2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current:
Federal $ 1,450,808 $ 1,341,284 $ 1,817,861
State 188,847 159,972 236,019
Foreign 543,730 540,103 237,497
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,183,385 2,041,359 2,291,377
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred:
Federal 93,798 401,738 (393,334)
State 11,109 40,892 (69,287)
Foreign (7,875) (20,574)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
97,032 422,056 (462,621)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 2,280,417 $ 2,463,415 $ 1,828,756
==============================================================================
The current state tax provision is comprised of taxes on income, the minimum
capital tax and other franchise taxes related to the jurisdictions in which the
Company's facilities are located.
A summary of United States and foreign income before income taxes follows:
(25)
2007 2006 2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States $ 4,593,844 $ 5,150,322 $ 4,288,531
Foreign 1,708,828 1,198,756 477,535
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 6,302,672 $ 6,349,078 $ 4,766,066
==============================================================================
The following schedule reconciles the amounts of income taxes computed at the
United States statutory rates to the actual amounts reported in operations.
2007 2006 2005
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Federal income
taxes at
34% statutory rate $ 2,142,908 $ 2,158,687 $ 1,620,462
State and local
taxes, net of
federal income
tax effect 132,132 128,243 155,773
Permanent items, not subject to tax (2,621) 53,822 65,935
Foreign tax rate difference (271,403) (217,158) (92,908)
Non-recognition
of foreign tax loss
carryforwards 279,401 339,821 79,494
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Provision for income taxes $ 2,280,417 $ 2,463,415 $ 1,828,756
==============================================================================
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received, were $2,819,016 in 2007, $2,180,324
in 2006 and $1,716,028 in 2005.
2007 2006
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Plant, property
and equipment $ 133,177 $ 119,806
-------------------------------------------------------------------
133,177 119,806
Deferred income tax assets:
Asset valuations 61,127 273,919
Operating loss
carryforwards and
credits 2,034,623 1,755,222
Pension 158,735 133,086
Other 109,610 13,981
-------------------------------------------------------------------
2,364,095 2,176,208
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred
income tax asset before
valuation allowance 2,230,918 2,056,402
Valuation
allowance (2,034,623) (1,755,222)
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred
income tax asset $ 196,295 $ 301,180
===================================================================
(26)
The Company adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board
("FASB") Interpretation No. 48, "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an
interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109" ("FIN 48"), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48
clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprise's financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement 109,
"Accounting for Income Taxes", and prescribes a recognition threshold and
measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax
position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides
guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in
interim periods, disclosure and transition.
In 2007, the Company evaluated its tax positions, for years which remain subject
to examination by major tax jurisdictions, in accordance with the requirements
of FIN 48 and as a result, there was no effect on the Company's financial
statements. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal
jurisdiction, and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company's
evaluation of FIN 48 was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2004,
2005, 2006 and 2007, the tax years which remain subject to examination by major
tax jurisdictions as of December 31, 2007. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
completed its examination of the Company's U.S. federal income tax return for
2004 with no changes.
In accordance with the Company's accounting policies, interest and penalties
related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as a component of income tax
expense.
The Company provides deferred income taxes on foreign subsidiary earnings, which
are not considered permanently reinvested. Earnings permanently reinvested would
become taxable upon the sale or liquidation of a foreign subsidiary or upon the
remittance of dividends. Foreign subsidiary earnings of $6,025,762 and
$4,097,768 are considered permanently reinvested as of December 31, 2007 and
2006, respectively, and no deferred income taxes have been provided on these
foreign earnings.
Due to the uncertain nature of the realization of the Company's deferred income
tax assets based on past performance and carry forward expiration dates, the
Company has recorded a valuation allowance for the amount of deferred income tax
assets which are not expected to be realized. This valuation allowance is
subject to periodic review, and if the allowance is reduced, the tax benefit
will be recorded in future operations as a reduction of the Company's tax
expense.
At December 31, 2007, the Company has tax operating loss carry forwards
aggregating $6,754,614, all of which are applicable to Germany, and can be
carried forward indefinitely.
8. DEBT
Long term debt consists of:
2007 2006
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notes payable:
North American arrangements $ 10,150,175 $ 10,187,245
Other 39,955 39,203
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
10,190,130 10,226,448
Less current portion 3,410 8,517
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ 10,186,720 $ 10,217,931
============================================================================
On March 6, 2006, the Company modified its revolving loan agreement with
Wachovia Bank (the "Modified Loan Agreement"). The amendments included an
increase in the maximum borrowing amount from $10 million to $15 million, an
extension of the maturity date from September 30, 2007 to June 30, 2009, a
decrease in the interest rate to LIBOR plus 1% from LIBOR plus 1.5%, as well as
the modification of certain covenant restrictions. Funds borrowed under the
Modified Loan Agreement are used for working capital, general operating expenses
and other purposes. As of December 31, 2007, $10,098,000 was outstanding and
$4,902,000 was available for borrowing under the Modified Loan Agreement.
Under the Modified Loan Agreement, the Company is required to maintain specific
amounts of tangible net worth, a specified debt service coverage ratio, and a
fixed charge coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with these financial
covenants at December 31, 2007.
(27)
Maturities of long-term debt for the next five years follow: 2008- $3,410;
2009 - $10,156,000; 2010 - $5,839; 2011 - $5,839; and 2012 - $5,839.
Interest paid was $741,698 in 2007, $617,645 in 2006 and $234,523 in 2005.
9. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company leases certain office, manufacturing and warehouse facilities and
various equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Total rent expense was
$573,190 in 2007, $527,208 in 2006 and $332,644 in 2005. Minimum annual rental
commitments under non-cancelable leases with remaining terms of one year or more
as of December 31, 2007: 2008 - $528,707; 2009 - $451,118; 2010 - $297,362; 2011
- $13,418; and 2012 - $7,065.
The Company is involved, from time to time, in disputes and other litigation in
the ordinary course of business, including certain environmental and other
matters. The Company presently believes that none of these matters, individually
or in the aggregate, would be likely to have a material adverse effect on
financial position, results of operations, or liquidity of the Company.
10. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company reports financial information based on the organizational structure
used by management for making operating and investment decisions and for
assessing performance. The Company's reportable business segments include (1)
United States; (2) Canada and (3) Europe. The financial results of the Company's
Asian operations have been aggregated with the results of its United States
operations to form one reportable segment called the "United States segment".
The determination of reportable segments is based on the guidance set forth in
FASB Statement No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related
Information. Each reportable segment derives its revenue from the sales of
cutting devices, measuring instruments and safety products for school, office,
home and industrial use.
The Chief Operating Decision Maker evaluates the performance of each operating
segment based on segment revenues and operating income. Segment revenues are
defined as total revenues, including both external customer revenue and
intersegment revenue. Segment operating earnings are defined as segment
revenues, less cost of goods sold and operating expenses. Identifiable assets by
segment are those assets used in the respective reportable segment's operations.
Intersegment amounts are eliminated to arrive at consolidated financial results.
In 2007 and 2006 the Company had two customers that individually exceeded 10% of
consolidated net sales and three customers in 2005. Net sales to these customers
amounted to approximately 17% and 10% of consolidated net sales in 2007, 19% and
10% of consolidated net sales in 2006 and 18%, 12% and 11% of consolidated net
sales in 2005. Sales to no other customer exceeded 10% of consolidated net sales
in 2007, 2006 and 2005.
(28)
FINANCIAL DATA BY SEGMENT:
(000's omitted) United States Canada Europe Consolidated
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007
----
Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 48,702 $ 8,128 $ 6,343 $ 63,173
Operating income 6,748 735 (731) 6,752
Assets 28,350 7,886 5,986 42,222
Additions to property, plant and equipment 575 31 67 673
Depreciation and amortization 724 59 88 871
2006
----
Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 44,283 $ 7,344 $ 5,236 $ 56,863
Operating income 7,262 588 (1,137) 6,713
Assets 24,516 6,286 4,219 35,021
Additions to property, plant and equipment 474 28 63 565
Depreciation and amortization 704 51 80 835
2005
----
Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 39,060 $ 6,838 $ 4,049 $ 49,946
Operating income 5,010 484 (152) 5,342
Assets 21,167 4,275 2,752 28,194
Additions to property, plant and equipment 1,299 80 52 1,431
Depreciation and amortization 511 51 91 653
11. STOCK OPTION PLANS
The Company has two stock option plans: (1) the 2002 Employee Stock Option Plan,
as amended (the "Employee Plan") and (2) the 2005 Non-Salaried Director Stock
Option Plan (the "Director Plan").
The Employee Plan provides for the issuance of incentive and nonqualified stock
options at an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the common stock
on the date the option is granted. The terms of the options granted are subject
to the provisions of the Employee Plan. As of December 31, 2007, the number of
shares available for grant under the Employee Plan was 106,438.
The Director Plan, approved by shareholders at the Company's Annual Meeting of
Shareholders on April 25, 2005, provides for the issuance of stock options for
up to 50,000 shares of the Company's common stock to non-salaried directors.
Under the Director Plan, Directors elected on April 25, 2005 and at subsequent
Annual Meetings who have not received any prior grant under this or previous
plans receive an initial grant of an option to purchase 5,000 shares of Common
Stock (the "Initial Option"). Each year, each elected Director not receiving an
Initial Option will receive a 2,500 share option (the "Annual Option"). The
Initial Option vests 25% on the date of grant and 25% on the anniversary of the
grant date in each of the following 3 years. Each Annual Option becomes fully
exercisable one day after the date of grant. The exercise price of all options
granted equals the fair market value of the common stock on the date the option
is granted and expires ten (10) years from the date of grant. As of December 31,
2007, the number of shares available for grant under the Director Plan was
45,000.
(29)
A summary of changes in options issued under the Company's stock option plans
follows:
2007 2006 2005
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Options outstanding at the
beginning of the year 543,950 471,450 673,200
Options granted 98,250 113,500 111,500
Options forfeited (2,000) (10,000) (938)
Options exercised (74,450) (31,000) (312,312)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Options outstanding at
the end of the year 565,750 543,950 471,450
=========================================================================================
Options exercisable at the
end of the year 396,125 407,888 368,700
=========================================================================================
Common stock available for future grants
at the end of the year 151,438 47,688 151,188
=========================================================================================
Weighted average price of options:
Granted $ 14.86 $ 14.42 $ 15.64
Forfeited 15.15 14.24 4.00
Exercised 4.95 3.51 2.71
Outstanding 9.82 8.27 6.56
Exercisable 7.63 6.04 4.62
A summary of options outstanding at December 31, 2007 follows:
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
Weighted-
Average Weighted-
Remaining Weighted- Average
Number Contractual Average Number Exercise
Range of Exercise Prices Outstanding Life (Years) Exercise Price Exercisable Price
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
$1.25 to $2.49 40,300 2 $ 2.04 40,300 $ 2.04
$2.50 to $3.65 125,200 4 3.10 125,200 3.10
$3.66 to $5.00 60,750 4 4.10 60,750 4.10
$5.01 to $7.25 26,750 3 5.27 26,750 5.31
$7.26 to $17.02 312,750 8 15.01 143,125 15.10
---------------------------------------------- -----------------------------
565,750 396,125
============== ==============
The weighted average remaining contractual life of all outstanding stock options
is 6 years.
STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of, and accounted
for stock-based compensation in accordance with, FASB Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payments ("SFAS 123R"), which
replaced FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, Accounting
for Stock-Based Compensation ("SFAS 123") and superseded APB Opinion No. 25,
Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees ("APB 25"). Under the fair value
recognition provisions of SFAS 123R, stock-based compensation cost is measured
at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as
expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting
period. The Company adopted SFAS 123R using the modified-prospective method,
under which prior periods are not restated for comparative purposes. The
valuation provisions of SFAS 123R apply to new grants and awards granted prior
to, but not vested as of December 31, 2005. Estimated compensation for awards
granted prior to, but not vested as of December 31, 2005 will be recognized over
the remaining service period using the compensation cost estimated for pro forma
disclosures under SFAS 123.
(30)
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair
value of employee and non-employee director stock options. The determination of
the fair value of stock-based payment awards on the date of grant, using an
option-pricing model, is affected by the Company's stock price as well as
assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These
assumptions include estimating the length of time employees will retain their
vested stock options before exercising them ("expected term"), the estimated
volatility of the Company's common stock price over the expected term
("volatility") and the number of options that will not fully vest in accordance
with applicable vesting requirements ("forfeitures").
The Company estimates the expected term of options granted by evaluating various
factors, including the vesting period, historical employee information, as well
as current and historical stock prices and market conditions. The Company
estimates the volatility of its common stock by calculating historical
volatility based on the closing stock price on the last day of each of the 48
months leading up to the month the option was granted. The risk-free interest
rate that the Company uses in the option valuation model is the interest rate on
U.S. Treasury zero-coupon bond issues with remaining terms similar to the
expected term of the options granted. Historical information was the basis for
calculating the dividend yield. The Company is required to estimate forfeitures
at the time of grant and to revise those estimates in subsequent periods if
actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company used a mix of
historical data and future assumptions to estimate pre-vesting option
forfeitures and to record stock-based compensation expense only for those awards
that are expected to vest. All stock-based payment awards are amortized over the
requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting
periods. In the third quarter of 2006, the Company modified its vesting schedule
for new grants. Grants issued after June 30, 2006 vest 25% one day after the
first anniversary of the grant date and 25% one day after each of the next three
anniversaries. Options granted prior to July 1, 2006 vest 25% one day after the
date of grant, and 25% on the day after the anniversary of the grant date in
each of the next three years.
The assumptions used to value option grants for the twelve months ended December
31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 are as follows:
---------------- -----------------
2007 2006
---------------- -----------------
Expected life in years 5 4-5
Interest rate 4.51 - 5.18% 4.32 - 4.91%
Volatility .32 .33 - .34
Dividend yield 1.08 - 1.10% 0.80 - 0.90%
Total stock-based compensation recognized in the Company's consolidated
statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2007 is $330,859. As of
December 31, 2007, there was approximately $516,090 of unrecognized compensation
cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock-based
payments granted to the Company's employees. As of December 31, 2007, the
remaining unamortized expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted
average period of 3 years.
Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company applied APB 25, and related
interpretations to recognize compensation expense under its stock option plans.
As such, no expense was recognized if, at the date of grant, the exercise price
of the option was at least equal to the fair market value of the Company's
common stock. No compensation expense related to the Company's stock option
plans was required to be recognized for its plans in 2005.
The pro forma effects of recognizing the estimated fair value of stock-based
compensation for the year ended December 31, 2005 have been disclosed previously
in the Company's financial statements under the provisions of SFAS 123. The
previously-disclosed pro forma information, as adjusted to reflect a 36 month,
instead of a 48 month option vesting schedule, is presented below.
(31)
2005
=============================================================
Net income, as reported $ 2,937,310
Deduct: total stock-based employee
compensation expense determined
under fair value based method for all
awards, net of related tax effects (272,904)
-------------------------------------------------------------
Pro forma net income $ 2,664,406
=============================================================
Basic-as reported $ 0.84
Basic-pro forma $ 0.76
Diluted-as reported $ 0.78
Diluted-pro forma $ 0.70
The weighted average fair value at the date of grant for options granted during
2007, 2006 and 2005 was $4.95, $4.86 and $7.42 per option, respectively.
12. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The calculation of earnings per share follows:
2007 2006 2005
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Numerator:
Net income $ 4,022,258 $ 3,885,662 $ 2,937,310
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share
Weighted average shares outstanding 3,535,687 3,494,833 3,509,031
Effect of dilutive employee stock options 161,155 217,217 279,913
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denominator for dilutive earnings per share 3,696,842 3,712,050 3,788,944
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic earnings per share $ 1.14 $ 1.11 $ 0.84
Dilutive earnings per share $ 1.09 $ 1.05 $ 0.78
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, 284,250, 190,000 and 9,500 stock options
were excluded from diluted earnings per share calculations because they would
have been anti-dilutive.
(32)
13. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The components of the accumulated other comprehensive income follow:
Change in net
prior service
credit and
Translation actuarial
Adjustment losses Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2005 (181,084) (890,152) (1,071,236)
Change in minimum pension liability 125,413 125,413
Income taxes relating
to minimum pension
liability (47,657) (47,657)
Translation adjustment 52,438 52,438
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2006 $ (128,646) $(812,396) $ (941,042)
Change in net prior service credit
and actuarial losses 177,441 177,441
Translation adjustment 1,049,444 1,049,444
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances, December 31, 2007 $ 920,798 $(634,955) $ 285,842
================================================================================
14. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its
fair value disclosures for financial instruments:
Cash and cash equivalents: The carrying amount reported in the balance sheet for
cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value.
Accounts receivable and accounts payable: The carrying amounts reported in the
balance sheet for accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair
value.
Long-and short-term debt: The carrying amounts of the Company's borrowings under
its short-term notes payable and revolving credit arrangements approximate their
fair value. The fair values of the Company's long-term debt are estimated using
discounted cash flow analyses, based on the Company's current incremental
borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements.
The carrying amounts and fair values of the Company's financial instruments
follow (000's omitted):
2007 2006
-------------------------- ---------------------------
Carrying Fair Carrying Fair
Amount Value Amount Value
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalent $ 4,988 $ 4,988 $ 3,838 $ 3,838
Accounts receivable 12,727 12,727 10,852 10,852
Accounts payable (4,575) (4,575) (2,358) (2,358)
Long-term debt (10,190) (10,190) (10,226) (10,226)
(33)
15. QUARTERLY DATA (UNAUDITED)
Quarters (000's omitted, except per share data)
2007 First Second Third Fourth Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $ 12,241 $ 18,999 $ 17,081 $ 14,852 $ 63,173
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of goods sold 6,907 11,020 9,700 9,053 36,680
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 650 1,522 1,305 545 4,022
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic earnings per share $ 0.18 $ 0.43 $ 0.37 $ 0.15 $ 1.14
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.17 $ 0.41 $ 0.35 $ 0.15 $ 1.09
2006 First Second Third Fourth Total
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net sales $ 12,257 $ 16,984 $ 15,532 $ 12,090 $ 56,863
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost of goods sold 6,705 9,556 8,908 7,111 32,280
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 759 1,506 1,225 396 3,886
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic earnings per share $ 0.22 $ 0.43 $ 0.35 $ 0.11 $ 1.11
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.20 $ 0.40 $ 0.33 $ 0.11 $ 1.05
Earnings per share are computed independently for each of the quarters
presented. Therefore, the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not
necessarily equal the total for the year.
16. CAPITAL STRUCTURE
In 2007, the Company issued 74,450 shares of common stock with proceeds of
$368,826 upon the exercise of outstanding stock options.
17. BUSINESS COMBINATION
On September 18, 2007, the Company purchased certain assets of the Camillus
Cutlery Company ("Camillus Cutlery") for $246,000, consisting primarily of
trademarks, brand names and patents. Camillus Cutlery, founded in 1873, is one
of the oldest knife companies in the United States. Camillus Cutlery's products
include many types of folding knives, as well as those for hunting and fishing.
On September 25, 2007, the Company purchased certain assets of Tiger Sharp
Technologies Inc. ("Tiger Sharp") for $355,000, consisting primarily of
trademarks, brand names and patents. The purchase agreement also included a
royalty arrangement whereby the Company will, for a period of three years, pay
Tiger Sharp a 5% royalty on the Company's sales of Tiger Sharp patented products
and a 1% royalty on the Company's sales of a certain product which is currently
in development. Tiger Sharp was founded in 2002 in Dallas, Texas to
commercialize its unique replaceable blade technology. The Company has pioneered
many extremely sharp replaceable blade folding knives.
Proforma operating information for the periods prior to these acquisitions is
not provided because of the immateriality of these transactions on a proforma
basis.
18. NON-RECURRING CHARGE
The Company is the owner of certain commercial property located in Bridgeport,
Connecticut. Buildings, totaling approximately 150,000 square feet, are located
on this property. The Company ceased using the Bridgeport property as a
manufacturing facility in September 1996 and its operations were thereafter
consolidated into the Company's North Carolina facility. For approximately the
next two years, the Company continued to pay property taxes, insurance,
maintenance and other operating costs on the property which totaled
approximately $107,000 annually, and the Company leased a small part of the
property for $32,000 resulting in a net cost of $75,000 annually. In October
1998, the Company leased the entire property to an unrelated commercial real
estate company for a term of 24 years. The lease had provided for the payment of
one dollar ($1.00) per year as base rent and required that the tenant pay all
taxes, insurance and other expenses in connection with the property. At the
time, the Company considered the cost savings from leasing the property, for
which Acme had no specific use, an appropriate basis for the arrangement.
The Company wrote off the book value of the property by the end of 1998.
(34)
Since October 1998, the tenant leased portions of the buildings on the property
to subtenants, primarily for use as commercial warehouses. Approximately 30% of
the total square footage in the buildings is subject to subleases. The remainder
has been empty since 1996.
On July 28, 2005, the Building Department of Bridgeport informed the Company
that pursuant to a call from the Bridgeport Fire Department, an inspection of
the premises was made on July 21, 2005. The roof of a portion of a building had
collapsed that day. The Company received notice that it must either repair
certain portions of the damaged building and two others or demolish them because
of unsafe conditions. The Company was ordered to begin the necessary work to
make the buildings safe within 30 days from receipt of the letter.
The lessee filed an insurance claim on August 24, 2005. The insurance company
investigated the facts and circumstances surrounding the claim and determined
that the roof had collapsed due to wear, tear, deterioration, wet rot, dry rot
and lack of maintenance of the premises. The insurance company stated in a
letter dated October 18, 2005 that the causes of the loss were not insured
perils under the tenant's policy and denied coverage.
On July 29, 2005, the Company notified the tenant of the action by the building
inspector and that, under the terms of the lease, the tenant was responsible for
compliance with the order. The lessee subsequently refused to assume
responsibility for the repair or demolition. The Company considered legal action
under the terms of the lease to force the lessee to pay for the repair or
demolition. However, the Company believed that the City of Bridgeport would
require action over a time period shorter than the time required to file a
lawsuit and to bring the action to a conclusion.
As a result of discussions between the Company and the tenant regarding the
required repair or demolition, the Company and the tenant agreed to terminate
the lease. Pursuant to a Termination of Lease Agreement entered into by the
Company and the tenant on September 16, 2005, the parties terminated this lease,
effective September 1, 2005. As part of the lease termination, the Company paid
$400,000 to the tenant in exchange for rights to the rental income from the
leases with current sub-tenants. This cost has been deferred and is being
amortized over the term of the subleases.
The Company also decided to demolish all unoccupied structures on the property.
The unoccupied structures are abandoned manufacturing buildings that had been
constructed over one hundred years ago.
Several subtenants continue to occupy portions of the property and are paying
rent to the Company presently, totaling approximately $190,000 per year. In
addition, the principal subtenant pays a portion of the taxes and insurance
expenses related to the property it leases.
In the quarter ended September 30, 2005, the Company accrued a charge of
approximately $1.5 million related to the estimated cost to demolish the
structures and remove certain environmentally hazardous material included in the
buildings to be demolished. The estimated costs were based on a third party
contractor's estimate. Actual expenses were not materially different from
original estimates. During the third quarter 2006, demolition of the buildings
was completed and all costs incurred were paid by December 31, 2006. The Company
is currently exploring its options to sell the property.
(35)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Acme United Corporation
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Acme United
Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, changes in stockholders' equity, and cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our
audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at
Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedule are the responsibility of
the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
financial statements and schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an
audit of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Our audits
included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis
for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but
not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the
Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no
such opinion. An audit also includes examining on a test basis, evidence
supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing
the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our
audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Acme United
Corporation and subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the consolidated
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in
the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement
schedule, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as
a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth
therein.
As discussed in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements effective
January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Hartford, Connecticut
March 6, 2008
(36)
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
There have been no disagreements with accountants related to accounting and
financial disclosures in 2007.
ITEM 9A(T). CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
EVALUATION OF INTERNAL CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have reviewed
and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, which
included inquiries made to certain other of the Company's employees. Based on
their evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer have each concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, the Company's
disclosure controls and procedures were effective and sufficient to ensure that
we record, process, summarize and report information required to be disclosed by
the Company in its periodic reports filed under the Securities and Exchange
Commission's rules and forms.
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company's internal
control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles in the United States of America. The Company's internal
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:
(i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately
and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as
necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America, and
that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance
with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii)
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could
have a material effect on the financial statements.
Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent
limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or
overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected
in a timely manner. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control
effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of
internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to
financial statement preparation.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment,
management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in "Internal Control-Integrated
Framework." Based on management's assessment using the COSO criteria, management
has concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2007.
This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company's
registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial
reporting. Management's report was not subject to attestation by the Company's
registered public accounting firm pursuant to temporary rules of the Securities
and Exchange Commission that permit the company to provide only management's
report in this Annual Report.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
During the quarter ended December 31, 2007, there were no changes in the
Company's internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or
was reasonably likely to materially affect, this control.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
(37)
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the directors
and executive officers of the Company. All directors of the Company hold office
until the next annual meeting of the shareholders or until their successors have
been elected and qualified. Executive officers are elected by the Board of
Directors to hold office until their successors are elected and qualified.
Name Age Position Held with Company
------------------------- ------ -----------------------------------------------
Walter C. Johnsen 57 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive
Officer
Gary D. Penisten 76 Chairman Emeritus of the Board
Brian S. Olschan 51 President, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Paul G. Driscoll 47 Vice President, Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and Treasurer
Rex L. Davidson 57 Director
Richmond Y. Holden, Jr. 54 Director
Susan H. Murphy 56 Director
Stephen Spinelli, Jr. 53 Director
Stevenson E. Ward III 62 Director
Walter C. Johnsen has served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company since January 1, 2007; President and Chief Executive
Officer of the Company from November 30, 1995 to December 31, 2006. Formerly
served as Vice Chairman and a principal of Marshall Products, Inc., a medical
supply distributor.
Gary D. Penisten has served as Chairman Emeritus of the Board of the Company
since January 1, 2007; Chairman of the Board of the Company from February 27,
1996 to December 31, 2006. From 1977 to 1988, he was Senior Vice President of
Finance, Chief Financial Officer and a Director of Sterling Drug Inc. From 1974
to 1977 he served as Assistant Secretary (Financial Management) of the United
States Navy. Prior to that, he was employed by General Electric Company.
Brian S. Olschan has served as President and Chief Operating Officer of the
Company since January 1, 2007; Executive Vice President and Chief Operating
Officer of the Company from January 25, 1999 to December 31, 2006; Senior Vice
President - Sales and Marketing of the Company from September 12, 1996 to
January 24, 1999; formerly served as Vice President and General Manager of the
Cordset and Assembly Business of General Cable Corporation, an electrical wire
and cable manufacturer.
Paul G. Driscoll has served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and Treasurer since October 2, 2002. Mr. Driscoll joined Acme as
Director International Finance on March 19, 2001. From 1997 to 2001 he was
employed by Ernest and Julio Gallo Winery including Director of Finance and
Operations in Japan. Prior to Gallo he served in several increasingly
responsible positions in Sterling Winthrop Inc. in New York City and Sanofi S.A.
in France.
Rex L. Davidson has served as director since April, 2006. He is currently
President and Chief Executive Officer of Goodwill Industries of Greater New York
and Northern New Jersey, Inc. and President of Goodwill Industries Housing
Corporation since 1982. He was appointed by Mayor Bloomberg to the New York City
Workforce Investment Board in 2002. He serves on the Board of the Better
Business Bureau Education and Research Foundation.
Richmond Y. Holden, Jr. has served as director since 1998. Since 2007, President
of Educators Publishing Service, a supplementary publisher of education
materials and a subsidiary of School Specialty Inc. Previously, President and
Chief Executive Officer of J.L. Hammett Co. from 1992 to 2006, a reseller, of
educational products.
Susan H. Murphy has served as director since 2003. She is presently Vice
President for Student and Academic Services at Cornell University since 1994.
From 1985 through 1994, Ms. Murphy served as Dean of Admissions and Financial
Aid. Ms. Murphy has been employed at Cornell since 1978.
Stephen Spinelli, Jr. has served as director since April, 2006. He is currently
President, Philadelphia University. Formerly, Vice Provost for Entrepreneurship
and Global Management and a member of the Babson College faculty from 1993 to
2007. Founder and former Chairman of American Oil Change Corporation (DBA Jiffy
Lube). He consults with a wide array of businesses globally.
(38)
Stevenson E. Ward III has served as director since 2001. He is presently Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer of Triton Thalassic Technologies, Inc.
From 1999 through 2000, Mr. Ward served as Senior Vice President -
Administration of Sanofi-Synthelabo, Inc. He also served as Executive Vice
President (1996 - 1999) and Chief Financial Officer (1994 - 1995) of Sanofi,
Inc. and Vice President, Pharmaceutical Group, Sterling Winthrop, Inc. (1992 -
1994). Prior to joining Sterling he was employed by General Electric.
The Company has adopted a Code of Conduct that is applicable to its employees,
including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Controller.
The Code of Conduct is available in the investor relations section on the
Company's website at www.acmeunited.com
If the Company makes any substantive amendments to the Code of Conduct which
apply to its Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or Controller, or
grants any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code
of Conduct to the Company's executive officers, the Company will disclose the
nature of the amendment or waiver on its website or in a report on Form 8-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated
herein by reference to the section entitled "Executive Compensation"
contained in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the Company's
2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Information regarding security ownership of certain beneficial owners,
directors and executive officers is incorporated herein by reference
to the information in the section entitled "Security Ownership of
Directors and Officers" contained in the Company's Proxy Statement to
be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection
with its 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
None.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Information regarding principal accountant fees and services is
incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled "Fees to
Auditors" contained in the Company's Proxy Statement to be filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with its 2008
Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
(39)
PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
o Consolidated Balance Sheets
o Consolidated Statements of Operations
o Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity
o Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
o Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
o Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules
o Schedule 2--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
o Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted because of
the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the
required information is presented in the Financial Statements or Notes
thereto.
(a)(3) The exhibits listed under Item 15(b) are filed or incorporated by
reference herein.
(b) Exhibits.
The exhibits listed below are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Certain of the exhibits, as indicated, have been previously filed and are
incorporated herein by reference.
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
Exhibit No. Identification of Exhibit
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
3(i) Certificate of Organization of the Company (1)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
Amendment to Certificate of Organization of Registrant dated
September 24, 1968 (1)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated
April 27, 1971 (2)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated
June 29, 1971 (2)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
3(ii) Amendment to the Company's Bylaws (10)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Specimen of Common Stock certificate (2)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1 Non-Salaried Director Stock Option Plan dated April 22, 1996* (3)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1(a) Amendment No. 1 to the Non-Salaried Director Stock Option Plan* (4)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
(40)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.1(b) Amendment No. 2 to the Non-Salaried Director Stock Option Plan* (5)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2 1992 Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan* (6)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2(a) Amendment No. 1 to the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan* (7)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2(b) Amendment No. 2 to the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan* (8)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2(c) Amendment No. 3 to the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan* (9)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.2(d) Amendment No. 4 to the Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan* (9)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.3 Acme United Employee Stock Option Plan dated February 26, 2002*
as amended (11)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.4 Severance Pay Plan dated September 28, 2004*
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.5 Salary Continuation Plan dated September 28, 2004*
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.6 2005 Non-Salaried Director Stock Option Plan (12)
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
10.8 Deferred Compensation Plan dated October 2, 2007
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
23 Consent of Ernst & Young, Independent Auditors
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
31.1 Certification of Walter Johnsen pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and
15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
31.2 Certification of Paul Driscoll pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and
15d-14(a) and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
32.1 Certification of Walter Johnsen pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
32.2 Certification of Paul Driscoll pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------
* Indicates a management contract or a compensatory plan or arrangement
(1) Previously filed in S-1 Registration Statement No. 230682 filed with
the Commission on November 7, 1968 and amended by Amendment No. 1 on
December 31, 1968 and by Amendment No. 2 on January 31, 1969.
(2) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Form 10-K filed in
1971.
(3) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-26739 filed with the Commission on May 9, 1997.
(4) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-84505 filed with the Commission on August 4, 1999.
(5) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-70348 filed with the Commission on September 21, 2000.
(6) Previously filed as an exhibit to the Company's Proxy Statement filed
on March 29, 1996.
(41)
(7) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-26737 filed with the Commission on May 9, 1997.
(8) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-84499 filed with the Commission on August 4, 1999.
(9) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-70346 filed with the Commission on September 27, 2001.
(10) Previously filed in the Company's form 8-K filed on February 28, 2006.
(11) Previously filed in the Company's Proxy statement for the 2005 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders.
(12) Previously filed in the Company's Form S-8 Registration Statement No.
333-126478 filed with the Commission on July 8, 2005.
SCHEDULE II
Acme United Corporation and Subsidiaries
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
Balance at Charged to Deductions Balance at
Beginning of Costs and and Other End of
Period Expenses Adjustments Period
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 116,811 $ 54,182 $ 81,137 $ 89,856
Allowance for inventory obsolescence 405,963 106,938 51,434 461,467
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance 1,755,222 279,401 - 2,034,623
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2006
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 136,050 $ 51,256 $ 70,495 $ 116,811
Allowance for inventory obsolescence 453,369 99,234 146,640 405,963
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance 1,415,401 339,821 - 1,755,222
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2005
Allowance for doubtful accounts $ 210,914 $ (60,971) $ 13,893 $ 136,050
Allowance for inventory obsolescence 620,538 218,269 385,438 453,369
Deferred income tax asset valuation allowance 1,335,907 79,494 - 1,415,401
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(42)
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 12, 2008.
ACME UNITED CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Signatures Titles
/s/ Walter C. Johnsen
--------------------------
Walter C. Johnsen Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Gary D. Penisten
--------------------------
Gary D. Penisten Chairman Emeritus of the Board
/s/ Brian S. Olschan
--------------------------
Brian S. Olschan President, Chief Operating Officer and
Director
/s/ Paul G. Driscoll
--------------------------
Paul G. Driscoll Vice President, Chief Financial Officer,
Secretary and Treasurer
/s/ Rex L. Davidson
--------------------------
Rex Davidson Director
/s/ Richmond Y. Holden, Jr.
--------------------------
Richmond Y. Holden, Jr Director
/s/ Susan H. Murphy
--------------------------
Susan H. Murphy Director
/s/ Stephen Spinelli
--------------------------
Stephen Spinelli Director
/s/ Stevenson E. Ward III
--------------------------
Stevenson E. Ward III Director
(43)