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U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)    

ý

 

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013

OR

o

 

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from            to          

Commission File No. 1-15339

Chemtura Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  52-2183153
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

1818 Market Street, Suite 3700, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
199 Benson Road, Middlebury, Connecticut

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

19103
06749

(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (203) 573-2000

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value   New York Stock Exchange

         Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o    No ý

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

         Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of "accelerated filer," "large accelerated file" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check off):

Large accelerated filer ý   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o
(Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
  Smaller reporting company o

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

         The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed as of June 30, 2013, based on the value of the closing price of these shares as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange was $2.0 billion.

         The number of voting shares of Common Stock of the registrant outstanding as of January 31, 2014 was 96.5 million.

         Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ý    No o

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

         Portions of the Proxy Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 8, 2014 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

   


Table of Contents


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  PAGES  

PART I

    2  

Item 1: Business

   
2
 

Item 1A: Risk Factors

   
15
 

Item 1B: Unresolved Staff Comments

   
24
 

Item 2: Properties

   
24
 

Item 3: Legal Proceedings

   
26
 

Item 4: Mine Safety Disclosures

   
26
 

PART II

   
27
 

Item 5: Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   
27
 

Item 6: Selected Financial Data

   
29
 

Item 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   
31
 

Item 7A: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

   
55
 

Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   
56
 

Item 9: Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   
114
 

Item 9A: Controls and Procedures

   
114
 

Item 9B: Other Information

   
114
 

PART III

   
115
 

Item 10: Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   
115
 

Item 11: Executive Compensation

   
116
 

Item 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   
116
 

Item 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   
116
 

Item 14: Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   
116
 

PART IV

   
117
 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   
117
 

SIGNATURES

   
121
 

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Note About Forward-Looking Statements

        Certain statements in this report, other than purely historical information, including estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives and expected operating results, and the assumptions upon which those statements are based, are "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including without limitation, the following sections: "Business", "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis." These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words "believe," "project," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "intend," "strategy," "future," "opportunity," "plan," "may," "should," "will," "would," "will be," "will continue," "will likely result," and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. A detailed discussion of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially from such forward-looking statements is included in the section entitled "Risk Factors" (See Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K). We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.


PART I

Item 1:    Business

        When we use the terms "Corporation," "Company," "Chemtura," "Registrant," "We," "Us" and "Our," unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, we are referring to Chemtura Corporation and our consolidated subsidiaries.

GENERAL

        We are a leading diversified global developer, manufacturer and marketer of performance-driven engineered specialty chemicals. Most of our products are sold to industrial manufacturing customers for use as additives, ingredients or intermediates that add value to their end products. Our agrochemical products are mainly sold through dealers, distributors and major retailers. Our operations are located in North America, Latin America, Europe and Asia. In addition, we have an important joint venture in the United States. We are committed to global sustainability through "greener technology" and developing engineered chemical solutions that meet our customers' evolving needs. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our global net sales were $2.2 billion. As of December 31, 2013, our global total assets were $2.7 billion.

        We are the successor to Crompton & Knowles Corporation ("Crompton & Knowles"), which was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1900 and engaged in the manufacture and sale of specialty chemicals beginning in 1954. Crompton & Knowles traces its roots to Crompton Loom Works incorporated in the 1840s. We expanded our specialty chemical business through acquisitions in the United States and Europe, including the 1996 acquisition of Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc., the 1999 merger with Witco Corporation and the 2005 acquisition of Great Lakes Chemical Company Corporation ("Great Lakes"). Upon the acquisition of Great Lakes, we were renamed Chemtura. Since the Great Lakes acquisition, we have progressively focused our portfolio, divesting businesses that did not fit with the strategic criteria for our portfolio. Recent divestitures include our antioxidants and UV stabilizers ("Antioxidant") and Consumer Products businesses during 2013.

        Our principal executive offices are located at 1818 Market Street, Suite 3700, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 and at 199 Benson Road, Middlebury, Connecticut 06749. Our telephone number in Connecticut is (203) 573-2000. Our Internet Web site address is www.chemtura.com. We make available free of charge on or through our Internet Web site (www.chemtura.com) our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.

        Our Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Business Conduct and charters for our Audit, Compensation & Governance and Environmental, Health & Safety Committees are available on our Internet Web site and free of charge to any stockholder who requests them from the Corporate Secretary at Chemtura Corporation, 199 Benson Road, Middlebury, CT 06749. The information contained on our Internet Web site is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K and should not be considered a part of this Annual Report.

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OUR COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

        We believe our key competitive strengths are:

Operating Segment
  Business Component   Industry Position / Commentary

Industrial Performance Products

  Petroleum Additives  

Global manufacturer and marketer of high-performance lubricant additive components and synthetic lubricant base-stocks and synthetic finished fluids

     

A global leader in high-performing calcium sulfonate specialty greases and phosphate and polyol ester based fluids

  Urethanes  

A global leader in the development and production of hot cast elastomer pre-polymers

Industrial Engineered Products

  Great Lakes Solutions  

One of the three largest developers and manufacturers of bromine and bromine-based products

  Organometallics  

One of the three largest developers and manufacturers of organometallic compounds that have applications in catalysts, electronics, surface treatment and pharmaceuticals

Chemtura AgroSolutions

  Chemtura AgroSolutions  

Leading niche developer and manufacturer of seed treatments, fungicides, miticides, insecticides, growth regulatants and herbicides

Discontinued Operations

  Consumer Products*  

One of the two largest global marketers and sellers of recreational water products used in pools and spas

  Antioxidants**  

A global leader in the development and production of additives for polyolefin and other engineered plastics


*
In December 2013, we completed a stock sale of our Consumer Products business, which included dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S. and South Africa, to KIK Custom Products Inc. ("KIK"). As a result of entering into this transaction, beginning in 2013, we determined that discontinued operations treatment applied. The underlying assets and liabilities of our investments in the legal entities we sold have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for the year-ended December 31, 2012 and earnings and direct costs associated with the Consumer Products business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for all periods presented in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

**
In April 2013, we completed an asset sale of our Antioxidant business (the "Antioxidant Sale"), including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S., France and Germany, to affiliates of SK Capital Partners. As a result of entering into this transaction, beginning in 2012, we determined that discontinued operations treatment applied. The assets and liabilities included in the sale of the Antioxidant business have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for the year-ended December 31, 2012 and earnings and direct costs associated with the Antioxidant business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for all periods presented in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

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in the United States and Europe to expand our business geographically, thereby diversifying our exposure to many different economies.


GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

GRAPHIC

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OUR STRATEGY

        Our primary goal is to create value for our stakeholders by driving profitable revenue growth while continuing to manage our costs. We will develop and engineer new products and processes, exploit our global scale for regional growth and manage our portfolio of specialty chemical businesses. Our efforts are directed by the following key business strategies:

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        Our portfolio today extends to the agrochemical market through our Chemtura AgroSolutions products. We have announced that we are currently exploring the sale of our Chemtura AgroSolutions business as we believe that a sale may deliver substantially greater near-term value to our shareholders than retaining this segment in our portfolio. Should this sale occur, we will further focus on the opportunity to be a "pure-play" in the global development, marketing, manufacture and sale of industrial specialty chemicals based on our Industrial Engineered Products and Industrial Performance Products segments. There is no definitive timetable for the sale process and there can be no assurance that the process will result in a sale of the Chemtura AgroSolutions business.

Our Business and Segments

        Information as to the sales, operating income, depreciation and amortization, assets, capital expenditures and earnings on investments carried on the equity method attributable to each of our business segments during each of our last three fiscal years, as well as certain geographic information, is set forth in Note 19—Business Segments in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

        The table below illustrates each segment's net sales for the year ended December 31, 2013 as well as each segment's major products, end-use markets and brands.

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  Industrial
Performance
Products
  Industrial
Engineered
Products
  Chemtura
AgroSolutions
   

2013 Net Sales

  $979 million   $803 million   $449 million    

Key Products

 

• Synthetic Lubricants and Greases

 

• Brominated Performance Products

 

• Seed Treatment

   

  • Synthetic Basestocks   • Flame Retardants   • Fungicides    

  • Lubricant Additives   • Fumigants   • Miticides    

  • Urethanes   • Organometallics   • Insecticides    

          • Growth Regulators    

          • Herbicides    

Major End-Use Markets

 

• Adhesives

 

• Agriculture

 

• Agriculture

   

  • Automotive   • Biocides   • Public and Animal Health    

  • Aviation   • Building and Construction        

  • Building and Construction   • Coatings        

  • Coatings   • Consumer Durables        

  • Consumer Products   • Electronics        

  • Energy   • Furniture        

  • General Industrial   • Fine Chemical        

  • Lubricants   • Oil and Gas Exploration        

  • Marine   • Pharmaceuticals        

  • Mining   • Polymerization Catalysts        

  • Packaging   • Energy        

  • Refrigeration   • Mercury Control        

  • Sealants   • Oilfield        

      • Photovoltaic        

      • Solar Insulation        

      • Paint and Coatings Polymerization        

      • Transportation        

Key Brands

 

Adiprene®

 

AXION®

 

Acramite®

 

Pantera™

  Anderol®   DayStar™   Anchor™   Panarex™

  Durad®   Emerald Innovation™   B-Nine®   ProCure®

  Duracast®   Firemaster®   Casoron®   Rancona® Royal

  Everest®   Fyrebloc®   Comite®   MH-30™

  Fomrez®   GeoBrom®   Dimilin®   Royaltac®

  Hatcol®   Kronitex®
Meth-o-Gas®
  Elastic®   Signal™

  Hybase®   Ongard®   Enhance®   Starmite™

  Lobase®   Pyrobloc®   Firestorm®   Temprano®

  Naugalube®   Reofos®   Floramite®   Terraguard®

  Reolube®   Smokebloc®   Flupro™   Terramaster®

  Royco®   Thermoguard®   Grain Guard®   Vitavax®

  Synton®   Timonox®   Micromite®   Viticure®

  Trixene®       Moolah™    

  Vibrathane®       Off-Shoot T®    

  Witcobond®       Omite®    

Industrial Performance Products

        The Industrial Performance Products segment develops, manufactures and markets specialty performance chemicals, formulations and polymers. Industrial Performance Products include:

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        These products are supplied to our customers globally through diverse sales channels including selected distribution channel partners.

        The Industrial Performance Products segment had net sales of $979 million for 2013, $891 million for 2012 and $939 million for 2011. This segment represented 44%, 41% and 43% of our total net sales in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The major product offerings of this segment are described below and in the table above.

        We are a global manufacturer and marketer of high-performance base-stocks, additive components, finished synthetic lubricants and specialty greases. Our position along multiple parts of the value chain provides us with unique insight into industry needs and requirements, enabling us to design and develop differentiated solutions for our "blue-chip" customer base.

        Our specialty synthetic lubricant base-stocks, including high-viscosity SYNTON® polyalphaolefins, REOLUBE® phosphate esters, and a broad portfolio of HATCOL® esters, are used in automotive, aviation, refrigeration, hydraulic systems, and various industrial applications. These synthetic base-stocks offer performance benefits versus non-synthetic base-stocks, especially when operating under extreme conditions of temperature or load. Benefits of our synthetic base-stocks include improved thermal stability, oxidative stability, and lower volatility, providing extended drain intervals and reduced oil consumption. Additionally, REOLUBE® phosphate esters provide fire-resistant capability that allows the safe operation of equipment under high-risk situations, such as in nuclear power plants.

        Our specialty additive components, such as NAUGALUBE® alkylated diphenylamine antioxidants, play a critical role in meeting rising regulatory mandated automotive standards for engine performance and emissions as well as consumer demand for improved fuel economy and longer service intervals. Our oil-soluble HYBASE® and LOBASE® calcium sulfonate surfactants enable lubricants to keep car, truck, and ship engines clean with minimal wear by providing detergency and corrosion protection properties. Additionally, we market a specially-developed overbased magnesium sulfonate detergent to prevent corrosion in turbines which burn heavy fuels for electrical power generation.

        Our ANDEROL® and ROYCO® branded specialty and synthetic finished lubricants come with extensive original equipment manufacturer approvals for the aerospace & defense and industrial markets. Additionally, ROYCO® lubricants are approved under the specifications of US military agencies and approving bodies including the US Department of Defense and the Society of Automotive Engineers ("SAE"). We manufacture and sell calcium sulfonate specialty greases and phosphate ester-based fluids for extreme temperature applications, thereby increasing machine durability under harsh conditions. In addition to our branded lubricants, we also manufacture private label finished lubricants for key customers.

        We are a leading global supplier of a broad range of low-free monomer and high-performance conventional cast urethane pre-polymers, thermoplastic polyurethanes, custom curatives, and urethane chemicals serving a variety of industries. We serve our customers in each region with a dedicated technical team, which, together with our product and formulation development capabilities, allow us to differentiate ourselves in these markets by tailoring our products to the specialized needs of each customer application.

        Cast polyurethane products produced from our ADIPRENE®, VIBRATHANE®, DURACAST®, and TRIXENE® urethane pre-polymers offer high durability, abrasion resistance, cut resistance, high temperature resistance and chemical resistance for performance-oriented applications. These characteristics allow us to market our urethane pre-polymers for customer applications where such performance qualities are critical, such as oil field pipeline cleaning pigs, industrial printing rolls, mining machinery, semiconductor polishing pads, solid industrial tires and wheels, sporting goods, and roller coaster wheels.

        Our ULTRALAST® thermoplastic polyurethane ("TPU") polymers can be used in a variety of high performance applications in the oil & gas, mining, construction, and sports equipment industries. ULTRALAST® TPU offers not only superior dynamic properties and longer component life in harsh environments, but also part processing advantages for our customers.

        Our urethane chemicals business consists primarily of two product lines. FOMREZ® polyester polyols serve as raw materials for our pre-polymer line of products and are also utilized in industrial applications such as flexible foam for seating.

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WITCOBOND® polyurethane dispersions serve a more diverse customer base and are primarily utilized for glass fiber sizing, wood floor coatings, and ballistics protection applications.

Industrial Engineered Products

        We are a global leader in manufacturing and selling of engineered specialty chemicals utilized in the plastics, agriculture, fine chemicals, oil and gas, building and construction, insulation, electronics, mercury control, solar energy, pharmaceutical and automotive industries. Our products include catalyst components, surface treatments, flame retardants and an extensive bromine based product line used as agricultural and pharmaceutical intermediates, completion fluids for oil and gas extraction and mercury control products for coal fired power stations. These products are sold across the entire value chain ranging from direct sales to monomer producers, polymer manufacturers, compounders and fabricators, fine chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturers, photovoltaic panel and LED producers, oilfield service and electricity generation companies to industry distributors.

        The Industrial Engineered Products segment had net sales of $803 million for 2013, $896 million for 2012 and $869 million for 2011. This segment represented 36%, 41% and 40% of our total net sales in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. The major product offerings of this segment are described below and in the table above.

        Great Lakes Solutions is a global and innovative leader in bromine, bromine intermediates and flame retardant products and solutions. We deliver sustainable value to our customers and shareholders through industry diversification, standard setting greener innovation, fire safety advocacy and business excellence. Our flame retardant products are used in applications such as electronic components, electrical enclosures and building products, including insulation and furniture foam, and automotive, while bromine, bromine intermediates are used in the manufacturing of a wide variety of industrial and consumer products, and in energy producing industries.

        Fire kills thousands of people each year throughout the world, but many are spared because fires are slowed or never start due to the use of flame retardants. Great Lakes Solutions is a leading global producer of safe and cost-efficient flame retardants, which reduce or eliminate the flammability of a wide variety of combustible materials. Our additives help stop fire before it starts by resisting ignition and slowing the rate of combustion and are used in a wide variety of applications, including flexible and rigid foams, fabrics and furniture, auto interiors and under the hood, circuit boards and electrical connectors, computer cabinetry and wiring in building and construction. We work tirelessly to advocate for increased fire safety standards in new and developing economies and, for more than 40 years, we have helped our customers by providing the broadest portfolio of flame retardant products and solutions. We offer a variety of new products that offer exceptional performance along with greener characteristics leading to enhanced long-term sustainability. Our leading products include the Emerald Innovation™ Series, Firemaster® bromine-based flame retardants; Kronitex®, Reofos® phosphorus-based flame retardants; Fyrebloc® flame retardants; Fireshield® LSFR, Ongard®, Oncor®, Pyrobloc®, Smokebloc®, Thermoguard® / Timonox® / Trutint® antimony-based flame retardants/synergists; PetCat® antimony-based catalysts.

        Great Lakes Solutions is one of the world's leading manufacturers of bromine and bromine intermediates which are utilized in many other industries including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, fine chemicals, butyl rubber, polymers and biocides. Bromine and bromine based intermediates serve as building blocks for developing and engineering highly complex organic molecules that meet specific performance, environmental and quality requirements. Our expertise in bromine and bromine based chemicals, both in the lab and in full scale production, is built on a foundation of over 60 years of innovation and continuous improvement. Our state of the art, dedicated technology center is staffed by a growing team of highly experienced scientists skilled in a wide array of synthetic methods and chemical manufacturing processes. We also operate multi-purpose, flexible pilot facilities that enable us to readily scale up new products and processes from grams to tonnes before the commitment to full scale production. While primarily focused on providing the highest quality and most reliable bromine and brominated intermediate products, our technology team also provides custom synthesis and process development services to customers seeking a development partner. With access to the world's two main sources of bromine and significant ongoing investment in our bromine ISO tank fleet and maintenance capacity, Great Lakes Solutions is a leading global supplier.

        Great Lakes Solutions' high quality, solids-free clear brine fluids are an important part of oil exploration and development which are used in the preparation of well equipment for production including insertion of liners, screens, packers, and other equipment. Bromide fluids are unique in that they are high density fluids that are suitable for deepwater production and also for high temperature and high pressure oil and gas formations. They allow for well pressure control and help to protect the formation so that oil and gas production is both efficient and economical. Our specialty brine fluids are available in a wide range of densities to meet the unique pressure characteristics of each well and meet the stringent requirements of the oil and gas

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industry. Bromide fluids are also used for deepwater fracturing operations in order to provide the necessary pressure in the well to successfully fracture the geological formation area that supplies oil and gas to the wellbore so that higher volumes flow to the production piping.

        Rounding out our portfolio, our GeoBrom® line of bromine and bromine derivative products is another example of greener innovation where we deploy our technology expertise to provide a solution to controlling mercury emissions from coal-fired power stations. Great Lakes Solutions has a strong position in the United States for bromine production based on access to quality brine resources in areas of South Arkansas which can be economically developed to manufacture high quality bromine for sale to customers or for use to manufacture products like GeoBrom® mercury control solutions.

        Great Lakes Solutions is truly a global business with expanding footprint and services. Through our strategic geographic and operational initiatives, we have significantly expanded our ISO fleet capabilities. We are backwardly integrated to brine, a primary source of bromine and during 2009 to 2013 we invested approximately $180 million in infrastructure to redeploy our assets to produce new greener innovative brominated flame retardants and increase the efficiency and reliability of our plants and pipelines. Great Lakes Solutions is well-positioned to support not only growth of our traditional industry segments but also to provide security of supply with expansion capability to our mercury control customers. Operational excellence initiatives are being designed to bring an improved, cost-competitive and service-oriented footprint to our customers globally.

        Organometallics are a special group of metals containing organic chemicals which play a significant role in a variety of industrial applications. Organometallics are essential catalyst components used to initiate the polymerization reactions that transform monomers into polymers and cure certain paints. They are also used as precursors in glass coatings, chemical vapor deposition agents in the production of semiconductors, LEDs and photovoltaic panels, as well as reagents used in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates.

Chemtura AgroSolutions

        The Chemtura AgroSolutions segment focuses on specific target applications in six major product lines which include seed treatments, fungicides, miticides, insecticides, growth regulators and herbicides. We have developed our products for use on high-value target crops such as tree and vine fruits, ornamentals and nuts and for commodity row crops such as soybeans, oilseed rape and corn. Our dedicated sales force works with growers and distributors to promote the use of our products throughout a crop's growth cycle and to address selective regional, climate, and growth opportunities. We expand our presence in worldwide targeted markets by developing or acquiring crop protection products and obtaining registrations for new uses and geographies where demand for our products and services has potential for growth. Our expertise in registering our product offerings and our diverse global position differentiates us from our competitors. We develop and sell our own products and we also sell and register products manufactured by others on a license and/or resale basis.

        Our seed treatments are used to coat seeds in order to protect the seed during germination and protect the plant during initial growth phases. Seed treatment is an environmentally attractive form of crop protection involving localized use of agricultural chemicals at much lower use rates than other (foliar) agrichemical treatments. We anticipate growth in seed treatment resulting from the expanded use of higher value genetically modified seed.

        Our fungicides are products that prevent the spread of fungi in crops which can cause damage resulting in loss of yield and profit for growers. Our miticides (acaricides) are products that control a variety of mite pests on the crops. Our insecticides are products used against insect pests at different stages of the life cycle from egg and larvae to nymph and adult. They have both crop and public health applications. Our plant growth regulators are products used for controlling or modifying plant growth processes without severe phytotoxicity. Our herbicides are products used to control unwanted plants while leaving the crops they are targeted to treat unharmed.

        We work closely with our customers, distributors, and individual growers as part of an on-the-ground coordinated effort. We develop products in response to ongoing customer demands, drawing upon existing technologies and tailoring them to match immediate needs. For example, a grower's crops may require varying levels of treatment depending on weather conditions and the degree of infestation. Our research and technology is therefore geared towards responding to threats to crops around the world as they emerge under a variety of conditions.

        We benefit from nearly 50 years of experience in the field, along with over 2,000 national product registrations in more than 100 countries. Our experience with registering products is a valuable asset, as registration is a significant barrier to entry, particularly in developed countries. Registration of products is a complex process in which we have developed proficiency

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over time. The breadth of our distribution network and the depth of our experience enable us to focus on profitable applications that have been less sensitive to competitive pricing pressures than broad commodity segments. This position allows us to attract licensing and resale opportunities from partner companies providing us new products and technologies to accompany our own existing chemistries.

        We sell our products in North America through a distribution network consisting of more than 1,000 distributor outlets that sell directly to end use customers. Internationally, our direct sales force services over 3,000 distributors, dealers, cooperatives, seed companies and large growers.

        The Chemtura AgroSolutions segment had net sales of $449 million for 2013, $409 million for 2012 and $376 million for 2011. This segment represented 20%, 19% and 17% of our total net sales in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Discontinued Operations

        In October 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement to sell our investment in the dedicated legal entities that constituted our Consumer Products business, including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S. and South Africa, to KIK for $315 million in cash at closing. On December 31, 2013, we entered into an amendment to the stock purchase agreement which, among other matters reduced the purchase price by $15 million to reflect the resolution of certain pre-closing matters, and completed the sale of the Consumer Products business for an adjusted purchase price of $300 million. The purchase price was subject to customary post-closing adjustments, primarily for working capital and assumed pension liabilities. The impact of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing and a final reconciliation will occur in the first half of 2014.

        The Consumer Products business developed, manufactured and sold performance chemicals to consumers for in-home and outdoor use. These chemicals included recreational water treatment products sold under a variety of branded labels through local dealers and large retailers to assist consumers in the maintenance and enhancement of their swimming pools and spas and branded cleaners and degreasers sold primarily through mass merchants and large retailers to consumers for home cleaning.

        Following the closing, we will produce a limited amount of products for the buyer under product supply agreements at our Adrian, MI facility. We will no longer produce or sell to third parties. The supply agreement contains an option for KIK to purchase the Adrian facility, which expires six-months from the date of closing.

        The underlying assets and liabilities of our investment in the legal entities we sold have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for the comparative periods and earnings and direct cost associated with Consumer Products business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the current and comparative periods in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

        The Consumer Products business had net sales of $408 million for 2013, $433 million for 2012 and $422 million for 2011.

        In April 2013, we completed the sale of our Antioxidant business to SK Blue Holdings, Ltd, ("SK") and Addivant USA Holdings Corp. ("Addivant") for consideration of $97 million, $9 million in preferred stock issued by Addivant, a seller note in the amount of $1 million issued by an affiliate of Addivant and the assumption by SK and Addivant of pension, environmental and other liabilities totaling approximately $91 million.

        At closing, the cash consideration was subject to the retention of certain assets, the finalization of pension assets and liabilities and the change in certain working capital components through the closing date. The impact of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing. During the third quarter of 2013, the net pension liability transferred to Addivant was finalized and the seller note was extinguished by these adjustments. Additionally, we paid $2 million in cash consideration as part of the adjustment. The final working capital adjustment remains to be agreed between the parties.

        Following the closing, we produced and will continue to produce various products for Addivant under plant sharing and product supply agreements. We will no longer produce any sales to third parties.

        As a result of entering into this transaction, the assets and liabilities included in the Antioxidant Sale have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for the comparative periods and earnings and direct costs associated with the

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Antioxidant business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our financial statements for the current and comparative periods in Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

        The Antioxidant business had net sales of $123 million for 2013, $387 million for 2012 and $419 million for 2011.

Sources of Raw Materials

        Hydrocarbon-based and inorganic chemicals constitute the majority of the raw materials required to manufacture our products. These materials are generally available from a number of sources. We use significant amounts of chemicals derived from ethylene, propylene, benzene, iso-butane, palm and coconut oil, methanol, phosphorus and urea. In addition, chlorine, caustic, other petrochemicals and tin represent some key materials used in our chemical manufacturing processes. Major requirements for key raw materials are purchased typically pursuant to multi-year contracts. Large increases in the cost of such key raw materials, as well as natural gas, which powers some of our key production facilities, could adversely affect our operating margins if we are not able to pass the higher costs on to our customers through higher selling prices. While temporary shortages of raw materials we use may occur occasionally, key raw materials have generally been available. However, there can be no assurance that unforeseen developments (including markets, political and regulatory conditions) will not affect our raw material supplies, their continuing availability and their cost. For additional information related to these risks, see Item 1A.—Risk Factors.

Seasonal Business

        No material portion of our Industrial Performance Products or Industrial Engineered Products business is significantly seasonal. Our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment is seasonal in nature and corresponds to agricultural cycles within each respective region.

Employees

        We had approximately 3,300 full time employees at December 31, 2013.

Backlog

        We do not consider backlog to be a significant indicator of the level of future sales activity. In general, we do not manufacture our products against a backlog of orders. Production and inventory levels are based on the level of incoming orders as well as projections of future demand. Therefore, we believe that backlog information is not material to understanding our overall business and should not be considered a reliable indicator of our ability to achieve any particular level of sales or financial performance.

Competitive Conditions

        The breadth of our product offering provides multiple channels for growth and mitigates our dependence on any one market or end-use application. We sell our products in more than 100 countries. This worldwide presence reduces our exposure to any one country's or region's economy although a majority of our sales are in North America and Europe.

        We have a broad customer base and believe that our products, many of which we customize for the specific needs of our customers, allow us to enhance customer loyalty and attract customers that value product innovation and reliable supply.

        Product performance, quality, price, and technical and customer service are all important factors in competing in substantially all of our businesses.

        We face significant competition in many of the industries in which we operate due to the trends toward global expansion and consolidation by competitors. Some of our existing competitors are larger than we are and may have more resources and better access to capital markets for continued expansion or new product development than we do. Some of our competitors also have a greater product range, are more vertically integrated or have better distribution capability than we do for specific products or geographical areas.

Research and Development

        All of our businesses conduct research and development activities to increase competitiveness. Our businesses conduct research and development activities to develop new and to optimize existing production technologies, as well as to develop

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commercially viable new products and applications while also maintaining existing product registrations required by regulatory agencies and customers around the world. Our research and development expenditures totaled $40 million in 2013, $41 million in 2012 and $36 million in 2011.

Intellectual Property and Licenses

        We attach great importance to patents and trademarks in order to protect our investment in research and development, manufacturing and marketing. Our policy is to seek wide protection for significant products and process developments on our major applications. We also seek to register trademarks extensively as a means of protecting the brand names of our products.

        We have approximately 1,300 United States and foreign granted patents and pending patent applications and approximately 2,400 United States and foreign registered and pending trademarks. Patents, trademarks, trade secrets in the nature of know-how, formulations, and manufacturing techniques assist us in maintaining the competitive position of certain of our products. Our intellectual property is of particular importance to a number of specialty chemicals we manufacture and sell. However, we do business in countries where protection may be limited and difficult to enforce. We are licensed to use certain patents and technology owned by other companies, including some foreign companies, to manufacture products complementary to our own products, for which we pay royalties in amounts not considered material, in the aggregate, to our consolidated results. Products to which we have such rights include certain crop protection chemicals.

        Neither our business as a whole nor any particular segment is materially dependent upon any one particular patent, trademark, copyright or trade secret.

Emergence from Chapter 11

        On March 18, 2009 (the "Petition date"), Chemtura and 26 of our U.S. affiliates (collectively, the "U.S. Debtors" or the "Debtors" when used in relation to matters before August 8, 2010) filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code ("Chapter 11") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the "Bankruptcy Court").

        On August 8, 2010, our Canadian subsidiary, Chemtura Canada Co/Cie ("Chemtura Canada"), filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11. The U.S. Debtors along with Chemtura Canada after it filed for Chapter 11 (collectively, the "Debtors") requested the Bankruptcy Court to enter an order jointly administering Chemtura Canada's Chapter 11 case with the previously filed Chapter 11 cases and appoint Chemtura Canada as the "foreign representative" for the purposes of the Canadian Case. Such orders were granted on August 9, 2010. On August 11, 2010, the Canadian Court entered an order recognizing the Chapter 11 cases as a "foreign proceedings" under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (the "CCAA") in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.

        On November 3, 2010, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the Debtors' plan of reorganization (the "Plan"). On November 10, 2010 (the "Effective Date"), the Debtors substantially consummated their reorganization through a series of transactions contemplated by the Plan and the Plan became effective. As of December 31, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court has entered orders granting final decree closing all of the Debtors' Chapter 11 cases except the Chapter 11 case of Chemtura Corporation.

Regulatory Matters

        Chemical companies are subject to extensive environmental laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions to the air, discharges to land, surface, subsurface strata and water and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste and other materials. Chemical companies are also subject to other federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations regarding health and safety matters.

        Environmental Health and Safety RegulationWe believe that our business, operations and facilities are being operated in substantial compliance, in all material respects, with applicable environmental, health and safety laws and regulations, many of which provide for substantial fines and criminal sanctions for violations. The ongoing operations of chemical manufacturing plants, however, entail risks in these areas and there can be no assurance that material costs or liabilities will not be incurred. In addition, future developments of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related enforcement policies, could bring into question the handling, manufacture, use, emission or disposal of substances or pollutants at facilities we own, use or control. These developments could involve potential significant expenditures in our manufacture, use or disposal of certain products or wastes. To meet changing permitting and regulatory standards, we may be required to make significant site or operational modifications, potentially involving substantial expenditures and reduction or suspension of certain operations.

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We incurred $6 million of costs for capital projects and $61 million for operating and maintenance costs related to environmental health and safety programs at our facilities during 2013. In 2014, we expect to incur approximately $6 million of costs for capital projects and $58 million for operating and maintenance costs related to environmental health and safety programs at our facilities. During 2013, we paid $15 million to remediate previously utilized waste disposal sites and current and past facilities. We expect to spend approximately $21 million during 2014 to remediate such waste disposal sites and current and former facilities.

        Pesticide Regulation—Our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment is subject to regulations under various federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations relating to the manufacture, sale and use of pesticide products.

        In August 1996, Congress enacted the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 ("FQPA"), which made significant changes to the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act ("FIFRA"), governing U.S. sale and use of pesticide products and the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FFDCA"), which limits pesticide residues on food. FQPA facilitated registrations and re-registrations of pesticides for special (so called "minor") uses under FIFRA and authorized collection of maintenance fees to support pesticide re-registrations. Coordination of regulations implementing FIFRA and FFDCA is now required. Food safety provisions of FQPA establish a single standard of safety for pesticide residue on raw and processed foods, require that information be provided through large food retail stores to consumers about the health risks of pesticide residues and how to avoid them, preempt state and local food safety laws if they are based on concentrations of pesticide residues below recently established federal residue limits (called "tolerances"), and ensure that tolerances protect the health of infants and children.

        FFDCA, as amended by FQPA, authorized the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") to set a tolerance for a pesticide in or on food at a level which poses "a reasonable certainty of no harm" to consumers. The EPA is required to review all tolerances for all pesticide products. Most of our products have successfully completed review, others are currently under review and other products will be reviewed under this standard in the future.

        The European Union Commission has established procedures whereby all existing crop protection active ingredient chemicals commercially available in the European Union (the "EU") are to be reviewed. Regulation 91/414 became effective in 1993 and the process was updated in 2007 and 2008. The original list of existing chemicals was prioritized and divided into 4 parts. We had four chemicals on the first list, three of which were successfully supported through the review, which results in inclusion onto Annex I of 91/414, while the fourth was withdrawn by us for commercial reasons and has since been re-submitted. The remainder of our products will be reviewed under Regulation EC (No) 1107/2009 which repeals Regulation 91/414; the overall process is expected to be completed by the end of 2018. The continued process may lead to full registration in member states of the EU or may lead to some restrictions or cancellation of registrations if it is determined that a product poses an unacceptable risk.

        Chemical Regulation—In December 2006, the EU signed the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals ("REACh") legislation. This legislation requires chemical manufacturers and importers in the EU to demonstrate the safety of the chemical substances contained in products. The effective date of the legislation was June 1, 2007 and it required all covered substances to be pre-registered by November 30, 2008. Since December 1, 2008, no product containing covered substances can be manufactured in or imported into the EU unless the substances therein have been pre-registered. The full registration of REACh will be phased in over the next several years. We have registered and continue to register substances as necessary in accordance with applicable registration deadlines. Chemtura completed 231 REACH registrations for 195 substances as of December 31, 2013 and is committed to further registration obligations for the May 2018 deadline. In 2013, we spent $2 million on the 2013 REACH registration deadline while spending $4 million in 2012 in preparation of this deadline. We anticipate REACh related costs of approximately $6 million in 2014, 2015 and 2016. The cost estimates could vary based on data availability and cost. The implementation of the REACh registration process may affect our ability to manufacture and sell certain products in the future.

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Item 1A:    Risk Factors

        The most significant risks that could materially and adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows include, but are not limited to, the factors described below. Except as otherwise indicated, these factors may or may not occur and we cannot predict the likelihood of any such factor occurring.

The cyclical nature of the chemicals industry causes significant fluctuations in our results of operations and cash flows.

        Our historical operating results reflect the cyclical and volatile nature of the supply and demand balance of the chemicals industry. The chemicals industry has experienced alternating periods of inadequate capacity and supply, allowing prices and profit margins to increase, followed by periods when substantial capacity is added, resulting in oversupply, overcapacity, corresponding declining utilization rates and, ultimately, declining prices and profit margins. Some of the markets in which our customers participate, such as the automotive, electronics and building and construction industries, are cyclical in nature, thus posing a risk to us that is beyond our control. These markets are highly competitive, are driven to a large extent by end-use markets and may experience overcapacity, all of which may affect demand for and pricing of our products and result in volatile operating results and cash flows over our business cycle. Future growth in product demand may not be sufficient to utilize current or future capacity. Excess industry capacity may continue to depress our volumes and margins on some products. Our operating results, accordingly, may be volatile as a result of excess industry capacity, as well as from rising energy and raw materials costs.

Increases in the price of the raw materials or energy utilized for our products may have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

        We purchase significant amounts of raw materials and energy for our businesses. The cost of these raw materials and energy, in the aggregate, represents a substantial portion of our operating expenses. The prices and availability of the raw materials we utilize vary with market conditions and may be highly volatile. Over the past few years, we have experienced significant cost increases in purchases of petrochemicals, tin, soybean oil, other raw materials and, our primary energy source (natural gas) which has had a negative impact on our operating results.

        Although we have attempted, and will continue to attempt, to match increases in the prices of raw materials or energy with corresponding increases in product prices, we may not be able to immediately raise product prices, if at all. Ultimately, our ability to pass on increases in the cost of raw materials or energy to customers is highly dependent upon market conditions. Specifically, there is a risk that raising prices charged to our customers could result in a loss of sales volume. In the past, we have not always been able to pass on increases in the prices of raw materials and energy to our customers, in whole or in part, and there will likely be periods in the future when we will not be able to pass on these price increases. Reactions by our customers and competitors to our price increases could cause us to reevaluate and possibly reverse such price increases, which would negatively affect operating results.

Any disruption in the availability of the raw materials or energy utilized for our products may have a material adverse effect on our operating results.

        Across our businesses, there are a limited number of suppliers for some of our raw materials and utilities and, in some cases, the number of sources for and availability of raw materials and utilities is specific to the particular geographic region in which a facility is located. It is also common in the chemical industries for a facility to have a sole, dedicated source for its utilities, such as steam, electricity and gas. Having a sole or limited number of suppliers may result in our having limited negotiating power, particularly during times of rising raw material costs. Even where we have multiple suppliers for a raw material or utility, these suppliers may not make up for the loss of a major supplier. Moreover, any new supply agreements we enter into may not have terms as favorable as those contained in our current supply agreements. For some of our products, the facilities or distribution channels of raw material and utility suppliers and our production facilities form an integrated system, which limits our ability to negotiate favorable terms in supply agreements.

        In addition, as part of an increased trend towards vertical integration in the chemicals industry, other chemical companies are purchasing raw material suppliers. This is further reducing the available suppliers for certain raw materials.

        If one or more of our significant raw material or utility suppliers were unable to meet its obligations under present supply arrangements, raw materials may become unavailable within the geographic area from which they are now sourced, or supplies may otherwise be constrained or disrupted, our businesses could be forced to incur increased costs for our raw materials or utilities, which would have a direct negative impact on plant operations and may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

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Decline in general economic conditions and other external factors may adversely impact our operations.

        External factors, including domestic and global economic conditions, international events and circumstances, competitor actions and government regulation, are beyond our control and can cause fluctuations in demand and volatility in the prices of raw materials and other costs that can intensify the impact of economic cycles on our operations. We produce a broad range of products that are used as additives and components in other products in a wide variety of end-use markets. As a result, our products may be negatively impacted by supply and demand instability in other industries and the effects of that instability on supply chain participants. Economic and political conditions in countries in which we operate may also adversely impact our operations. For example, some countries in Europe have been particularly adversely affected by rising government deficits and debt levels, which require certain countries to adopt deflationary fiscal and monetary policies which could negatively affect our businesses. Although our diversified product portfolio and international presence lessens our dependence on a single market and exposure to economic conditions or political instability in any one country or region, our businesses are nonetheless sensitive to changes in economic conditions. Accordingly, financial crises and economic downturns anywhere in the world could adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Competition may adversely impact our results of operations.

        We face significant competition in many of the markets in which we operate due to the trend toward global expansion and consolidation by competitors. Some of our existing competitors are larger than we are and may have more resources and better access to capital markets to facilitate continued expansion or new product development. Additionally, some of our competitors have a greater product range and distributional capability than we do for certain products and in specific regions. We also expect that we will continue to face new competitive challenges as well as additional risks inherent in international operations in developing regions. We are susceptible to price competition in certain markets in which customers are sensitive to changes in price. At the same time, we also face downward pressure on prices from industry overcapacity and lower cost structures in certain businesses. The further use and introduction of generic and alternative products by our competitors may result in increased competition and could require us to reduce our prices and take other steps to compete effectively. These measures could negatively affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Alternatively, if we were to increase prices in response to this competition, the reactions of our competitors and customers to such price increases could cause us to reevaluate and possibly reverse such price increases or risk a loss in sales volumes.

Our inability to register our products in member states of the European Union under the REACh legislation may lead to some restrictions or cancellations of registrations, which could impact our ability to manufacture and sell certain products.

        In December 2006, the European Union signed the REACh legislation. This legislation requires chemical manufacturers and importers in the European Union to demonstrate the safety of the chemical substances contained in their products via a substance registration process. The full REACh registration process is being phased in over the next several years. The registration process requires capital and resource commitments to compile and file comprehensive chemical dossiers regarding the use and attributes of each chemical substance manufactured or imported by Chemtura and requires us to perform chemical safety assessments. Successful registration under REACh is a functional prerequisite to the continued sale of our products in the European Union market. Thus, REACh presents a risk to the continued sale of our products in the European Union should we be unable or unwilling to complete the registration process or if the European Union seeks to ban or materially restrict the production or importation of the chemical substances used in our products.

Adverse weather or economic conditions could materially affect our results of operations.

        Sales volumes for the products in our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment, like all agricultural products, are subject to the sector's dependency on weather, disease and pest infestation conditions. Adverse weather conditions in a particular region could have a material adverse effect on our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment. Additionally, our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment products are typically sold pursuant to contracts with extended payment terms in Latin America and Europe. Customary extended payment periods, which are tied to particular crop growing cycles, render our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment susceptible to losses from receivables during economic downturns, reduced commodity prices or weather conditions that cause harvests to fail and may adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Demand for Chemtura AgroSolutions products is affected by governmental policies.

        Demand for our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment products is influenced by the agricultural policies of governments and regulatory authorities where we conduct business. Moreover, changes in governmental policies or product registration requirements could have an adverse impact on our ability to market and sell our products.

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        In all regions of the world there are directives, laws and/or regulations that require the testing and registration of all agrochemical products before they can be sold for application to crops. Each country appoints agencies responsible for the administration of these approval processes. Under these laws or when such laws and regulations are periodically changed the products that have been previously registered may be required to undergo a process of re-registration. The re-registration process frequently demands tests to be repeated to more modern and exacting standards or may even require completely new types of tests to be completed. These tests and processes for both new and existing agrochemical products can take significant time to complete and resources to perform, and may ultimately be unsuccessful in their objective of securing a registration of new products or re-registration of existing products. There is no assurance when an existing product requires re-registration that it will be approved for continuing use or all of its previously approved uses can be sustained. Globally, about half of active ingredients in our products are currently or will soon be subject to such re-registration processes which may result in products having their approval for sale withdrawn in some countries.

Current and future litigation, governmental investigations, prosecutions and administrative claims, including antitrust-related governmental investigations and lawsuits, could harm our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We have been involved in several significant lawsuits and claims relating to environmental and chemical exposure matters, and may in the future be involved in similar litigation. Additionally, we are routinely subject to other civil claims, litigation and arbitration and regulatory investigations arising in the ordinary course of our business as well as with respect to our divested businesses. We could become subject to additional claims. An adverse outcome of these claims could have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial conditions, results of operations and cash flows.

        We have also been involved in a number of governmental investigations, prosecutions and administrative claims in the past, including antitrust-related governmental investigations and civil lawsuits, and may in the future be subject to similar claims. Additionally, we have incurred and could again incur expenses in connection with antitrust-related matters, including expenses related to our cooperation with governmental authorities and defense-related civil lawsuits.

Environmental, health and safety regulation matters could have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows.

        We are subject to extensive federal, state, local and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations concerning, among other things, emissions in the air, discharges to land, surface, subsurface strata and water and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of hazardous waste and other materials. Our operations bear the risk of violations of those laws and sanctions for violations such as clean-up and removal costs, long-term monitoring and maintenance costs, costs of waste disposal, natural resource damages and payments for property damage and personal injury. Although it is our policy to comply with such laws and regulations, it is possible that we have not been or may not be at all times in compliance with all of these requirements.

        Additionally, these requirements, and enforcement of these requirements, may become more stringent in the future. The ultimate additional cost of compliance with any such requirements could be material. Non-compliance could subject us to material liabilities such as government fines or orders, criminal sanctions, third-party lawsuits, remediations and settlements, the suspension, modification or revocation of necessary permits and licenses, or the suspension of non-compliant operations. We may also be required to make significant site or operational modifications at substantial cost. Future regulatory or other developments could also restrict or eliminate the use of, or require us to make modifications to, our products, packaging, manufacturing processes and technology, which could have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        At any given time, we may be involved in claims, litigation, administrative proceedings, settlements and investigations of various types in a number of jurisdictions involving potential environmental liabilities, including clean-up costs associated with hazardous waste disposal sites, natural resource damages, property damage, personal injury and regulatory compliance or non-compliance. The resolution of these environmental matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and cash flows.

Current environmental, health and safety regulations, including chemical safety regulations, changes in existing regulations, and shifts in perceptions of our products among regulators and the public, could have a negative impact on our results of operations and cash flows.

        Recently, there has been increased scrutiny by regulatory authorities, legislative bodies, environmental interest groups and the media in the United States and other countries of certain brominated flame retardants. In a related development, the State of

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California announced revisions to the required tests to assess the flame retardancy of filling materials used in upholstered furniture that became effective on January 1, 2014. In view of the size of the California market and the historical influence of California regulatory initiatives on regulators and consumers elsewhere in the United States, the impact of this revised California standard could potentially reach beyond the state. The threat of additional regulation or concern about the impact of brominated flame retardants on human health or the environment may result in a decline in our net sales of certain brominated flame retardants and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

Federal regulations aimed at increasing security at certain chemical production plants and similar legislation that may be proposed in the future could require us to enhance plant security and to alter or discontinue our production of certain chemical products, thereby increasing our operating costs and causing an adverse effect on our results of operations.

        Regulations are being implemented by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") aimed at decreasing the risk, and effects, of potential terrorist attacks on chemical plants located within the United States. Pursuant to these regulations, these goals would be accomplished in part through the requirement that certain high-priority facilities develop a prevention, preparedness, and response plan after conducting a vulnerability assessment. In addition, companies may be required to evaluate the possibility of using less dangerous chemicals and technologies as part of their vulnerability assessments and prevention plans and implementing feasible safer technologies in order to minimize potential damage to their facilities from a terrorist attack. We have registered certain of our sites with DHS in accordance with these regulations, have conducted vulnerability assessments at applicable sites and are awaiting DHS review and approval of security plans. Until that is done we cannot determine with certainty the costs associated with any security measures that DHS may require. These regulations may be revised further and additional legislation may be proposed in the future on this topic. It is possible that such future legislation could contain terms that are more restrictive than what has recently been passed and which would be more costly to us. We cannot predict the final form of currently pending legislation or other related legislation that may be passed and we can provide no assurance that such legislation will not have an adverse effect on our results of operations in a future reporting period. In addition, we may incur liabilities for subsequent damages in the event that we fail to comply with these regulations.

We operate on an international scale and are exposed to risks in the countries in which we have significant operations or interests. Changes in foreign laws and regulatory requirements, export controls or international tax treaties could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

        We are dependent, in large part, on the economies of the countries in which we manufacture and market our products. Of our 2013 net sales, 44% were to customers in the United States and Canada, 28% to Europe and Africa, 19% to the Asia/Pacific region and 9% to Latin America. As of December 31, 2013, our net property, plant and equipment were located in various regions including 55% in the United States and Canada, 30% in Europe and Africa, 13% in the Asia/Pacific region and 2% in Latin America.

        The economies of the countries within these areas are in different stages of socioeconomic development. Consequently, we are exposed to risks from changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation, governmental spending, social instability and other political, economic or social developments that may materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We may also face difficulties managing and administering an internationally dispersed business. In particular, the management of our personnel across several countries can present logistical and managerial challenges. Additionally, international operations present challenges related to operating under different business cultures and languages. We may have to comply with unexpected changes in foreign laws and regulatory requirements, which could negatively impact our operations and ability to manage our global financial resources. Export controls or other regulatory restrictions could prevent us from shipping our products into and from some markets. Moreover, we may not be able to adequately protect our trademarks and other intellectual property overseas due to uncertainty of laws and enforcement in a number of countries relating to the protection of intellectual property rights. Changes in tax regulation and international tax treaties could significantly reduce the financial performance of our foreign operations or the magnitude of their contributions to our overall financial performance.

Restrictive covenants in our credit facilities may limit our ability to engage in certain transactions.

        Our credit facilities contain various covenants that limit our ability to engage in specified types of transactions. The covenants limit our ability to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness or repay certain indebtedness, create liens, pay dividends on or make other distributions on or repurchase capital stock or make other restricted payments, make investments, and enter into acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures. Such restrictions in our credit facilities could result in us having to obtain the consent of our lenders in order to take certain actions. We may be unable to obtain such consents from our lenders, or obtaining

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such consents may be difficult or costly for us. Our ability to expand our business or to address declines in our business may be limited if we are unable to obtain (or hindered from obtaining) such consents.

        A breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our credit facilities and other debt obligations. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under our credit facilities immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If we were unable to repay those amounts, the lenders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure our indebtedness. Our subsidiaries have pledged a significant portion of their assets as collateral under our credit facilities. If the lenders under credit facilities accelerate the repayment of borrowings, we may not have sufficient assets to repay amounts borrowed under the credit facilities which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and on the value of our stock.

If we fail to establish and maintain adequate internal controls over financial reporting, we may not be able to report our financial results in a timely and reliable manner, which could harm our business and impact the value of our securities.

        We depend on our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements in order to run our business. If we fail to do so, our business could be negatively affected and our independent registered public accounting firm may be unable to attest to the fair presentation of our Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to effectively prevent fraud. If we cannot provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud, our reputation and operating results could be harmed. Even effective internal controls have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls, or fraud. Therefore, even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. In addition, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting in future periods are subject to the risk that the control may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or a deterioration in that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures.

        If we fail to maintain adequate internal controls, including any failure to implement new or improved controls, or if we experience difficulties in their implementation, we could fail to meet our reporting obligations, and there could be a material adverse effect on our business and financial results. In the event that our current control practices deteriorate, we may be unable to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of our securities may be adversely affected.

Our results of operations are subject to exchange rate and other currency risks. A significant movement in exchange rates could adversely impact our results of operations.

        Significant portions of our businesses are conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Accordingly, foreign currency exchange rates affect our operating results. Effects of exchange rate fluctuations upon our future operating results cannot be predicted because of the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposure and the potential volatility of currency exchange rates. We face risks arising from the imposition of exchange controls and currency devaluations. Exchange controls may limit our ability to convert foreign currencies into U.S. dollars or to remit dividends and other payments by our foreign subsidiaries or businesses located in or conducted within a country imposing controls. In certain foreign countries, some components of our cost structure are denominated in U.S. dollars while our revenues are denominated in the local currency. In those cases, currency devaluation could adversely impact our operating margins.

We are dependent upon a trained, dedicated sales force, the loss of which could materially affect our operations.

        Many of our products are sold and supported through dedicated staff and specifically trained personnel. The loss of this sales force due to market or other conditions could affect our ability to sell and support our products effectively, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

Production facilities are subject to operating risks that may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We are dependent on the continued operation of our production facilities. Such production facilities are subject to hazards associated with the manufacturing, handling, storage and transportation of chemical materials and products, including pipeline leaks and ruptures, explosions, fires, inclement weather and natural disasters, terrorist attacks, mechanical failure, unscheduled downtime, labor difficulties, transportation interruptions, remediation complications, chemical spills, discharges or releases of toxic or hazardous gases, storage tank leaks and other environmental risks. These hazards can cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to, or destruction of, property and equipment and environmental damage, fines, civil or criminal penalties

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and liabilities. The occurrence of these events may disrupt production or incur significant costs, which could have an adverse effect on the production and profitability of a particular manufacturing facility and on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We may experience unexpected difficulties and incur unexpected costs in the construction of new facilities which may increase our costs, delay the start of production or disrupt our ability to supply our customers.

        The construction of new manufacturing facilities entails a number of risks, including the ability to begin production within the cost and timeframe estimated and to attract a sufficient number of skilled workers to meet the needs of the new facility. Additionally, our assessment of the projected benefits associated with the construction of new manufacturing facilities is subject to a number of estimates and assumptions, which in turn are subject to significant economic, competitive and other uncertainties that are beyond our control. If we experience delays or increased costs, our estimates and assumptions are incorrect, or other unforeseen events occur, our business, ability to supply customers, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely impacted.

Our businesses depend upon many proprietary technologies, including patents, licenses and trademarks. Our competitive position could be adversely affected if we fail to protect our patents or other intellectual property rights or if we become subject to claims that we are infringing upon the rights of others.

        Our intellectual property is of particular importance for a number of the specialty chemicals that we manufacture and sell. The trademarks and patents that we own may be challenged, and because of such challenges, we could eventually lose our exclusive rights to use and enforce such patented technologies and trademarks, which would adversely affect our competitive position and results of operations. We are licensed to use certain patents and technology owned by other companies, including foreign companies, to manufacture products complementary to our own products. We pay royalties for these licenses in amounts not considered material, in the aggregate, to our consolidated results.

        We also rely on unpatented proprietary know-how and continuing technological innovation and other trade secrets to develop and maintain our competitive position. Although it is our policy to enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees and third parties to restrict the use and disclosure of trade secrets and proprietary know-how, those confidentiality agreements may be breached. Additionally, adequate remedies may not be available in the event of an unauthorized use or disclosure of such trade secrets and know-how, and others could obtain knowledge of such trade secrets through independent development or other access by legal means. The failure of our patents, trademarks or confidentiality agreements to protect our processes, apparatuses, technology, trade secrets or proprietary know-how and the brands under which we market and sell our products could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        We cannot be assured that our products or methods do not infringe on the patents, trademarks or other intellectual property rights of others. Infringement and other intellectual claims or proceedings brought against us, whether successful or not, could result in substantial costs and harm our reputation. Such claims and proceedings can also distract and divert management and key personnel from other tasks important to the success of our business. In addition, intellectual property litigation or claims could force us to do one or more of the following:

        Such requirements could adversely affect our revenue, increase costs, and harm our financial condition.

Our patents may not provide full protection against competing manufacturers outside of the United States, the European Union countries and certain other developed countries. Weaker protection may adversely impact our sales and results of operations.

        In some of the countries in which we operate, such as China, the laws protecting patent holders are significantly weaker than in the United States, countries in the European Union and certain other developed countries. Weaker protection may assist competing manufacturers in becoming more competitive in markets in which they might not have otherwise been able to introduce competing products for a number of years. As a result, we tend to rely more heavily upon trade secret and know-how protection in these regions, as applicable, rather than patents. Additionally, for our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment products

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sold in China, we rely on regulatory protection of intellectual property provided by regulatory agencies, which may not provide us with complete protection against competitors.

An inability to remain technologically innovative and to offer improved products and services in a cost-effective manner could adversely impact our operating results.

        Our operating results are influenced in part by our ability to introduce new products and services that offer distinct value to our customers. For example, both our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment and our organometallic business seek to provide tailored products for our customers' often unique problems, which require an ongoing level of innovation. In many of the markets where we sell our products, the products are subject to a traditional product life cycle. Even where we devote significant human and financial resources to develop new technologically advanced products and services, we may not be successful in these efforts.

Joint venture investments that we enter into could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners' financial condition and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.

        A portion of our operations is conducted through certain ventures in which we share control with third parties. In these situations, we are not in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the facility, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments through partnerships, joint ventures, or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that joint venture partners might become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, make poor business decisions or block or delay necessary decisions. Joint venture partners may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor our joint venture partners would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and our joint venture partners may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent the members of our management team from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, action by, or disputes with, our joint venture partners might result in subjecting the facilities owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our joint venture partners. Our joint ventures' unfunded and underfunded pension plans and post-retirement health care plans could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

Our unfunded and underfunded defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement welfare benefit plans could adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

        The cost of our defined benefit pension and post-retirement welfare benefit plans is recognized through operations over extended periods of time and involves many uncertainties during those periods of time. Our funding policy for defined benefit pension plans is to accumulate plan assets through our cash contributions and prudent investment returns, such that, over the long run, will approximate the present value of projected benefit obligations. Our pension cost is materially affected by the discount rate used to measure pension obligations, changes in the life expectancy of plan beneficiaries, the level of plan assets available to fund those obligations at the measurement date and the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Significant changes in investment performance or a change in the portfolio mix of invested assets can result in corresponding increases and decreases in the valuation of plan assets or in a change of the expected rate of return on plan assets. Similarly, our post-retirement welfare benefit cost is materially affected by the discount rate used to measure these obligations, as well as by changes in the actual cost of providing these medical and other welfare benefits.

        We have underfunded obligations under our U.S. tax-qualified defined benefit pension plans totaling approximately $28 million on a projected benefit obligation basis as of December 31, 2013. Declines in the value of the plan investments, the discount rate used to measure liabilities, increases in life expectancy of beneficiaries or unfavorable changes in law or regulations that govern pension plan funding could materially change the timing and amount of required funding. Additionally, we sponsor other foreign and non-qualified U.S. pension plans under which there are substantial unfunded liabilities totaling approximately $111 million on a projected benefit obligation basis as of December 31, 2013. Foreign regulatory authorities may seek to have Chemtura and/or certain of our non-sponsoring subsidiaries take responsibility for some portion of these obligations. Mandatory funding contributions with respect to these obligations and potential unfunded benefit liability claims could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or future cash flows. In addition, our actual costs with respect to our post-retirement welfare benefit plans could exceed our current actuarial projections.

We engage in acquisitions and divestitures, which could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and business; we may not realize all of the anticipated benefits of these transactions or these benefits may take longer to realize than expected.

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From time to time we engage in strategic acquisitions and divestitures which involve risks. We may not realize the expected benefits of acquisitions, including the synergies, cost savings or sales or growth opportunities that we expect. These benefits may not be achieved within the anticipated time frame, or at all. The integration of an acquired business may result in material unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities or competitive responses. Other risks associated with past or future acquisitions include: the business culture of the acquired business may not match well with our culture; technological and product synergies, economies of scale and cost reductions may not occur as expected; unforeseen expenses, delays or conditions may be imposed upon the acquisition, including due to required regulatory approvals or consents; we may acquire or assume unexpected liabilities or be subject to unexpected penalties or other enforcement actions; faulty assumptions may be made regarding the integration process; unforeseen difficulties may arise in integrating operations, processes and systems; higher than expected investments may be required to implement necessary compliance processes and related systems, including information technology systems, accounting systems and internal controls over financial reporting; we may fail to retain, motivate and integrate key management and other employees of the acquired business; higher than expected finance costs may arise due to unforeseen changes in tax, trade, environmental, labor, safety, payroll or pension policies in any jurisdiction in which the acquired business conducts its operations; and we may experience problems in retaining customers and integrating customer bases. Many of these factors will be outside of our control and any one of them could result in increased costs, decreases in the amount of expected revenues and diversion of management's time and attention. Failure to implement our acquisition strategy, including successfully integrating acquired businesses, could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

        Furthermore, we make strategic divestitures from time to time. A successful divestiture depends on various factors, including our ability to: effectively transfer liabilities, contracts, facilities and employees to the purchaser; identify and separate the intellectual property to be divested from the intellectual property that we wish to keep; and reduce fixed costs previously associated with the divested assets or business. In addition, if customers of the divested business do not receive the same level of service from the new owners, this may adversely affect our other businesses to the extent that these customers also purchase our other products. These divestitures may on occasions, also result in continued financial involvement in the divested businesses, including through guarantees, supply and transition service agreements, deferred purchase consideration and other financial arrangements.

We are subject to risks associated with possible climate change legislation, regulation and international accords.

        Greenhouse gas emissions have increasingly become the subject of a large amount of international, national, regional, state and local attention. Cap and trade initiatives to limit greenhouse gas emissions have been introduced in the European Union. The Environmental Protection Agency (the "EPA") has promulgated rules limiting greenhouse gas emissions and regulation of greenhouse gas also could occur pursuant to future U.S. treaty obligations, statutory or regulatory changes under the Clean Air Act, new climate change legislation or pursuant to Executive Order.

        While not all are likely to become law, this is a strong indication that additional climate change related mandates will be forthcoming, and it is expected that they may adversely impact our costs by increasing energy costs and raw material prices and establishing costly emissions trading schemes and requiring modification of equipment to limit greenhouse gas emissions.

        A step toward potential federal restriction on greenhouse gas emissions was taken on December 7, 2009 when the EPA issued its Endangerment Finding in response to a decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. The EPA found that the emission of six greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (which is emitted from the combustion of fossil fuels), may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health and welfare. Based on this finding, the EPA defined the mix of these six greenhouse gases to be "air pollution" subject to regulation under the Clean Air Act. Although the EPA has stated a preference that greenhouse gas regulation be based on new federal legislation rather than the existing Clean Air Act, absent legislative action, the EPA has begun to regulate many sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

If our goodwill, intangible assets or long-lived assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

        Under U.S. GAAP, we review our intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is tested for impairment on July 31 of each year, or more frequently if required. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill, intangible assets or long-lived assets may not be recoverable, include, but are not limited to, a decline in stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record a significant charge in our financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill, intangible assets or long-lived assets is determined, negatively impacting our results of operations.

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If we issue additional shares of common stock in the future, it will result in the dilution of our existing stockholders.

        Our certificate of incorporation authorizes the issuance of 500 million shares of common stock, of which 100.5 million shares were issued and 96.5 million shares outstanding as of December 31, 2013. Our board of directors (the "Board") has the authority to issue additional shares of common stock up to the authorized capital stated in the certificate of incorporation. Our Board may choose to issue some or all of such shares of common stock to acquire one or more businesses or to provide additional financing in the future. The issuance of any such shares of common stock will result in a reduction of the book value or market price of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Additionally, we have an incentive plan that allows for the issuance of up to 11 million shares (currently 4.9 million shares remain available for future grants).

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Item 1B:    Unresolved Staff Comments

        None.

Item 2:    Properties

        The following table sets forth information regarding our principal operating properties and other significant properties as of December 31, 2013. All of the following properties are owned except where otherwise indicated and reflect our properties from continuing operations, which exclude properties associated with the sale of our Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses. In general, our operating properties are well maintained, suitably equipped and in good operating condition.

Location
  Facility   Reporting Segment
UNITED STATES        

Arkansas

 

 

 

 

El Dorado

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products

California

 

 

 

 

McFarland

  Repackaging Warehouse   Industrial Engineered Products

Connecticut

 

 

 

 

Middlebury*

  Executive Offices   Shared Service Center, Business and Corporate Office

Naugatuck

  Research Center   Industrial Performance Products

Georgia

 

 

 

 

Lawrenceville*

  Office, Research Center   Chemtura AgroSolutions

Illinois

 

 

 

 

Mapleton

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products

Pekin*

  Plant   Chemtura AgroSolutions

Indiana

 

 

 

 

West Lafayette

  Office, Research Center   Industrial Engineered Products

Michigan

 

 

 

 

Adrian(1)

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products

New Jersey

 

 

 

 

East Hanover

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Fords

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Perth Amboy

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

North Carolina

 

 

 

 

Gastonia

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Pennsylvania

 

 

 

 

Philadelphia*

  Executive Offices   Corporate Offices

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Location
  Facility   Reporting Segment

INTERNATIONAL

 

 

 

 

Australia

 

 

 

 

Adelaide

  Office   Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Sydney

  Office   Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions
Brazil        

Rio Claro

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products, Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions, Corporate

Sao Paulo*

  Office   Shared Service Center, Business and Corporate Office

Canada

 

 

 

 

Elmira

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Guelph

  Research Center   Chemtura AgroSolutions

West Hill

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Germany

 

 

 

 

Bergkamen*

  Plant, Research Center   Industrial Engineered Products

India

 

 

 

 

Gajraula

  Plant   Chemtura AgroSolutions

New Delhi*

  Office   Industrial Engineered Products, Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Italy

 

 

 

 

Latina

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Milan(2)

  Office   Industrial Performance Products

Mexico

 

 

 

 

Altamira

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products, Industrial Performance Products

Cuautitlan(3)

  Office, Warehouse   Industrial Engineered Products, Industrial Performance Products, Chemtura AgroSolutions

Reynosa

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products

The Netherlands

 

 

 

 

Amsterdam

  Plant   Chemtura AgroSolutions, Industrial Performance Products

Republic of China

 

 

 

 

Nantong

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Nanjing

  Plant, Research Center   Industrial Performance Products

Shanghai*

  Office   Shared Service Center, Business and Corporate Office

South Africa

 

 

 

 

Boksburg*

  Office   Chemtura AgroSolutions

Kylami*

  Office   Industrial Performance Products

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Location
  Facility   Reporting Segment

South Korea

 

 

 

 

Hyeongok(4)

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products

Switzerland

 

 

 

 

Frauenfeld*

  Office   Business and Corporate Office

Taiwan

 

 

 

 

Kaohsiung

  Plant   Industrial Engineered Products, Industrial Performance Products

United Kingdom

 

 

 

 

Accrington

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Droitwich(3)

  Plant   Industrial Performance Products

Evesham

  Research Center   Chemtura AgroSolutions

Langley*

  Office   Chemtura AgroSolutions, Corporate

Trafford Park

  Plant, Office   Business, Shared Service Center, Corporate

*
Leased property.

(1)
Facility will be utilized for supply agreements resulting from the sale of our Industrial Water and Consumer Products businesses. In addition, under a supply agreement, KIK has an option to purchase the location within six months after the closing.

(2)
Facility leased by Anderol Italia S.r.l, which is 51% owned by us.

(3)
Chemtura announced in 2013 a plan to close this plant.

(4)
Facility acquired with our purchase of the remaining 50% of DayStar Materials, LLC during 2013.

        Included in the sale of our investment in the Consumer Products legal entities were properties located in Conyers, Georgia; Lake Charles, Louisiana; Westlake, Louisiana; and Atlantis, South Africa. Included in the Antioxidant sale were plant facilities located at Morgantown, West Virginia; Bay Minette, Alabama; Waldkraiburg, Germany; and Catenoy, France.

Item 3:    Legal Proceedings

        Information regarding our legal proceedings can be found in Note 18—Legal Proceedings and Contingencies in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 4:    Mine Safety Disclosure

        Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5:    Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

        On November 10, 2010, pursuant to our Plan of Reorganization, our previously outstanding common stock (including treasury stock) was cancelled and we authorized and began the issuance of 100 million shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share. As of December 31, 2013, 100.5 million were issued and 96.5 million shares were outstanding. Our common stock was approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE") on November 8, 2010 and started trading on the exchange under the ticker symbol "CHMT" on November 11, 2010.

        We have no current plans to pay any cash dividends on our common stock and instead may retain earnings, if any, for future operation, expansion and debt repayment. Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of our Board and will depend on, among other things, our results of operations, cash requirements, financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our Board may deem relevant. In addition, our debt agreements contain covenants restricting the payment of dividends by us and by each of our subsidiaries that are party to such facilities, which is subject to a number of specific exceptions.

        The following table summarizes the range of market prices for our common stock as reported by the NYSE, by quarter during the past two years:

 
  2013  
 
  First   Second   Third   Fourth  

Market price per common share:

                         

High

  $ 24.51   $ 24.48   $ 24.50   $ 28.17  

Low

  $ 19.05   $ 19.23   $ 20.26   $ 22.33  

 

 
  2012  
 
  First   Second   Third   Fourth  

High

  $ 17.79   $ 17.91   $ 18.44   $ 21.69  

Low

  $ 11.36   $ 13.17   $ 12.55   $ 14.85  

        The number of holders of record of our common stock on December 31, 2013 was approximately 4,900. See Item 1A—Risk Factors for a discussion of risks related to our common stock.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities During the Fourth Quarter of 2013

        On May 9, 2013, the Board authorized an increase in our share repurchase program from $100 million to up to $141 million and extended the program to March 31, 2014. On November 12, 2013, the Board authorized a further increase in the share repurchase program by $50 million (up to $191 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 authorization). The Board also authorized an additional $100 million under the share repurchase program upon the closing of the previously announced sale of the Consumer Products business (up to $291 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 and November 12, 2013 authorizations). The Board also extended the authorizations under the share repurchase program through and including November 9, 2014. The shares are expected to be repurchased from time to time through open market purchases. The program, which does not obligate us to repurchase any particular amount of common stock, may be modified or suspended at any time at the Board's discretion. The manner, price, number and timing of such repurchases, if any, will be subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). During the quarter ended December 31, 2013, we purchased 0.2 million shares for $4 million. As of December 31, 2013, we had purchased 5.8 million shares for $95 million since inception of our share repurchase program.

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        The following table provides information about our repurchases of equity securities during the quarter ended December 31, 2013.

Period
  Total Number
of Shares
Purchased
  Average
Price Paid
per Share
  Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly
Announced Plans or
Programs
  Approximate
Dollar Value of
Shares that May
Yet Be Purchased
Under the Plans or
Programs
 
 
  (in millions)
   
  (in millions)
  (in millions)
 

October 1, 2013 - October 31, 2013

      $       $ 50  

November 1, 2013 - November 30, 2013

    0.2   $ 23.43     0.2   $ 96 (a)

December 1, 2013 - December 31, 2013

      $       $ 196 (b)
                       

Total

    0.2           0.2        
                       
                       

(a)
On November 12, 2013, the Board authorized a further increase in the share repurchase program by $50 million (up to $191 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 authorization).

(b)
The Board authorized an additional $100 million under the share repurchase program upon the closing of the previously announced sale of the Consumer Products business (up to $291 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 and November 12, 2013 authorizations).

PERFORMANCE GRAPH

        The following graph compares the cumulative total return on our common stock for the period November 11, 2010 through December 31, 2013 with the returns of the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index and the S&P 500 Specialty Chemicals Index, assuming an investment of $100 on November 11, 2010 and the reinvestment of all dividends. Since our old common stock was canceled when we emerged from Chapter 11 and our new common stock began trading on the NYSE on November 11, 2010, stock performance prior to November 11, 2010 does not provide meaningful comparison and has not been provided.

COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN AMONG CHEMTURA CORPORATION,
S&P 500 AND S&P 500 SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

GRAPHIC

 
  11/11/2010   12/31/2010   12/31/2011   12/31/2012   12/31/2013  

CHEMTURA CORPORATION

  $ 100.0   $ 103.8   $ 73.6   $ 138.1   $ 181.3  

S&P500

  $ 100.0   $ 103.9   $ 106.1   $ 122.7   $ 161.4  

S&P 500 SPECIALTY CHEMICALS

  $ 100.0   $ 105.0   $ 103.7   $ 127.9   $ 167.4  

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Item 6:    Selected Financial Data

        The following reflects our selected financial data for each of our last five fiscal years and has been reclassified to reflect the effects of the Consumer Products business as a discontinued operation. The information below should be read in conjunction with Item 7—Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Item 8—Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report. The financial information presented may not be indicative of future performance.

(In millions of dollars, except per share data)
  2013   2012   2011   2010   2009  

Summary of Operations

                               

Net sales

  $ 2,231   $ 2,196   $ 2,184   $ 1,914   $ 1,536  

Gross profit

    510     581     558     460     386  

Selling, general and administrative

    229     245     269     249     219  

Depreciation and amortization

    101     100     103     136     121  

Research and development

    40     41     36     36     29  

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    42     11     3     1     3  

Antitrust costs

                    10  

Gain on sale of business(a)

            (27 )   (2 )    

Impairment charges(b)

            4     57     2  

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims(c)

        1     3     35     73  

Equity loss (income)

        4     1     (2 )   2  
                       

Operating income (loss)

    98     179     166     (50 )   (73 )

Interest expense(d)

    (60 )   (64 )   (63 )   (191 )   (70 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (50 )   (1 )       (88 )    

Other income (expense), net

    9     20     1     (7 )   (10 )

Reorganization items, net(e)

    (1 )   (5 )   (19 )   (303 )   (97 )
                       

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    (4 )   129     85     (639 )   (250 )

Income tax expense

    (18 )   (26 )   (17 )   (15 )   (14 )
                       

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations

    (22 )   103     68     (654 )   (264 )

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25     (3 )   52     81     (25 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )           (12 )   (3 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings

    (177 )   100     120     (585 )   (292 )

Less: net loss (earnings) attributable to non-controlling interests

        1     (1 )   (1 )   (1 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119   $ (586 ) $ (293 )
                       
                       

Amounts attributable to Chemtura common stockholders:

                               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (22 ) $ 103   $ 68   $ (654 ) $ (264 )

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25     (2 )   51     80     (26 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )           (12 )   (3 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119   $ (586 ) $ (293 )
                       
                       

Basic Per Share information—attributable to Chemtura

                               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (0.23 ) $ 1.04   $ 0.68   $ (2.94 ) $ (1.08 )

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    0.26     (0.02 )   0.51     0.36     (0.11 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (1.84 )           (0.05 )   (0.01 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (1.81 ) $ 1.02   $ 1.19   $ (2.63 ) $ (1.20 )
                       
                       

Diluted Per Share information—attributable to Chemtura

                               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (0.23 ) $ 1.04   $ 0.68   $ (2.94 ) $ (1.08 )

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    0.26     (0.02 )   0.51     0.36     (0.11 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (1.84 )           (0.05 )   (0.01 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (1.81 ) $ 1.02   $ 1.19   $ (2.63 ) $ (1.20 )
                       
                       

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(In millions, except per share data)
  2013   2012   2011   2010   2009  

Other Per Share Data

                               

Book value

  $ 10.35   $ 10.90   $ 10.86   $ 10.16   $ 0.71  

Common stock trading range:    High(f)

  $ 28.17   $ 21.69   $ 19.37   $ 16.10   $ 1.55  

                                                         Low(f)

  $ 19.05   $ 11.36   $ 8.49   $ 0.28   $ 0.02  

Average shares outstanding—Basic(f)

    97.7     98.2     100.1     223.0     242.9  

Average shares outstanding—Diluted(f)

    97.7     98.8     100.3     223.0     242.9  

Financial Position

                               

Working capital(g)

  $ 1,001   $ 1,101   $ 931   $ 932   $ 881  

Current ratio(g)

    3.1     3.2     3.4     2.9     2.5  

Total assets

  $ 2,704   $ 3,030   $ 2,855   $ 2,913   $ 3,118  

Total debt, including short-term borrowings(g)

  $ 898   $ 876   $ 752   $ 751   $ 255  

Stockholders' equity

  $ 999   $ 1,068   $ 1,046   $ 971   $ 172  

Total capital employed(g)

  $ 1,897   $ 1,944   $ 1,798   $ 1,722   $ 427  

Debt to total capital %(g)

    47.3 %   45.1 %   41.8 %   43.6 %   59.7 %

(In millions of dollars, except for number of employees)

   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Other Statistics

                               

Net cash provided by (used in) operations(h)

  $ 79   $ 218   $ 182   $ (204 ) $ 49  

Capital spending from continuing operations

  $ 159   $ 136   $ 142   $ 105   $ 44  

Depreciation from continuing operations

  $ 82   $ 80   $ 81   $ 115   $ 99  

Amortization from continuing operations

  $ 19   $ 20   $ 22   $ 21   $ 22  

Approximate number of employees at end of year

    3,300     4,600     4,500     4,200     4,400  

(a)
Gain on sale of business primarily included a $27 million gain on the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd. in 2011 and a $2 million gain relating to the sale of the natural sodium sulfonates and oxidized petrolatum product lines in 2010.

(b)
The 2011 and 2010 charges primarily included the impairment of intangible assets of $3 million and goodwill of $57 million, respectively, within the Chemtura AgroSolutions segment.

(c)
Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims relate to adjustments to liabilities subject to compromise (primarily legal and environmental reserves) as a result of our Chapter 11 proofs of claim evaluation process.

(d)
Interest expense in 2010 includes $137 million of contractual interest expense recorded, relating to interest obligations on unsecured claims for the period from March 18, 2009 through the Effective Date that were paid based on the Plan (included in this amount is contractual interest expense of $63 million for 2009).

(e)
Reorganization items, net, represent professional fees; the write-off of debt discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs; the write-off of deferred financing expenses related to the termination of the U.S. accounts receivable facility; impacts from rejections or terminations of executory contracts and real property leases; impacts from the settlement of claims; and charges for reorganization initiatives.

(f)
Upon the effectiveness of our Plan, all previously outstanding shares of common stock were canceled and pursuant to the Plan approximately 100 million shares of new shares were issued. The weighted average shares for 2010 was based upon 243 million of old shares outstanding for approximately 10 months and approximately 100 million of new shares outstanding for approximately 2 months. As a result, the average shares outstanding and price of our new shares may not be comparable to prior periods.

(g)
The 2009 amounts excludes $2 billion of Liabilities Subject to Compromise.

(h)
The 2010 net cash used in operations included $195 million related to cash settlements of claims in connection with the Chapter 11 cases and $50 million of pension contributions in accordance with the Plan.

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Item 7:    Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

        The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

        This Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements. See "Forward-Looking Statements" for a discussion of certain of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

OUR BUSINESS

        We are a global, United States publicly traded specialty chemical company. We are dedicated to delivering innovative, application-focused specialty chemical solutions. Our principal executive offices are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Middlebury, Connecticut. We operate in a wide variety of end-use industries, including agriculture, automotive, building and construction, electronics, lubricants, packaging and transportation. The majority of our chemical products are sold to industrial manufacturing customers for use as additives, ingredients or intermediates that add value to their end products. Our agrochemical products are sold to dealers, distributors and major retailers. We are a leader in many of our key product lines and transact business in more than 100 countries.

        In December 2013, we completed a stock sale of our investment in legal entities dedicated to the Consumer Products business, including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S. and South Africa, to KIK Custom Products Inc. ("KIK"). In April 2013, we completed an asset sale of our antioxidant and UV Stabilizer (the "Antioxidant") business, including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S., France, and Germany, to SK Blue Holdings, Ltd. ("SK") and Addivant USA Holdings Corp. ("Addivant"). The underlying assets and liabilities of our investment in the Consumer Products legal entities and the assets and liabilities included in the sale of the Antioxidant business have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations in our prior years' presentations and earnings and direct costs associated with these businesses have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the current and comparative periods. For further discussion, see Note 2—Acquisitions and Divestitures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Additionally, in October 2013, our Board of Directors (the "Board") approved the exploration of a sale of our agrochemicals business, Chemtura AgroSolutions. The decision to explore a sale of Chemtura AgroSolutions is based on the belief that a sale may deliver substantially greater near-term value to our shareholders than retaining this segment in our portfolio. Should the sale occur, we will focus on the creation of additional value as a pure-play leader in the global development, marketing, manufacture and sale of industrial specialty chemicals based on our Industrial Engineered Products and Industrial Performance Products segments. There is no definitive timetable for the sale process and there can be no assurance that the process will result in a sale of the Chemtura AgroSolutions business. Therefore, as of December 31, 2013, we did not meet the criteria to report the assets and liabilities associated with this segment as assets held for sale and earnings and direct costs of this segment have been included as part of our continuing operations.

        The primary economic factors that influence the operations and sales of our Industrial Performance Products ("Industrial Performance") and Industrial Engineered Products ("Industrial Engineered") segments (collectively referred to as "Industrials") are industrial, electronic component and polymer production, residential and commercial construction, and transportation markets. In addition, our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment is influenced by worldwide weather, disease and pest infestation conditions. For additional factors that impact our performance, see Item 1A—Risk Factors.

        Other factors affecting our financial performance include industry capacity, customer demand, raw material and energy costs, and selling prices. Selling prices are influenced by the global demand and supply for the products we produce. We pursue selling prices that reflect the value our products deliver to our customers, while seeking to pass on higher costs for raw material and energy to preserve our profit margins.

OVERVIEW OF OUR PERFORMANCE

        During 2013, we made significant progress in aligning our portfolio businesses with our stated long-term strategic and financial performance criteria. Through these portfolio actions, Chemtura will be a smaller company in 2014, but these actions are expected to progressively improve our operating margins and have a portfolio of strongly differentiated product lines based on proprietary chemical technologies that offer superior organic revenue growth and are positioned to exploit secular industry growth trends in all regions of the globe. Among the many accomplishments in 2013 were:

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        In 2014, we will continue our progress, targeting to grow revenues, expand profitability margins and improve cash flows through our focus on growth from innovation and the faster growing regions as well as continuous improvement actions to reduce operating costs. We will quickly eliminate the stranded costs associated with the Consumer Products business. All will contribute to improving our return on invested capital. In the first half of 2014, we will determine whether we divest our Chemtura AgroSolutions business. All of these actions are designed to deliver value to our shareholders.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

(In millions, except per share data)
  2013   2012   2011  

Net Sales

                   

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 979   $ 891   $ 939  

Industrial Engineered Products

    803     896     869  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    449     409     376  
               

Net Sales

  $ 2,231   $ 2,196   $ 2,184  
               
               

Operating Income

                   

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 109   $ 102   $ 116  

Industrial Engineered Products

    55     140     130  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    88     65     30  
               

Segment Operating Income

    252     307     276  

General corporate expense including amortization

    (112 )   (116 )   (127 )

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    (42 )   (11 )   (3 )

Gain on sale of businesses

            27  

Impairment charges

            (4 )

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

        (1 )   (3 )
               

Total Operating Income

    98     179     166  

Interest expense

    (60 )   (64 )   (63 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (50 )   (1 )    

Other income, net

    9     20     1  

Reorganization items, net

    (1 )   (5 )   (19 )
               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    (4 )   129     85  

Income tax expense

    (18 )   (26 )   (17 )
               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations

    (22 )   103     68  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25     (3 )   52  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )        
               

Net (loss) earnings

    (177 )   100     120  

Less: net loss (earnings) attributable to non-controlling interests

        1     (1 )
               

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119  
               
               

(LOSS) EARNINGS PER SHARE—BASIC AND DILUTED—ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA:

                   

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations

  $ (0.23 ) $ 1.04   $ 0.68  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations

    0.26     (0.02 )   0.51  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations

    (1.84 )        
               

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (1.81 ) $ 1.02   $ 1.19  
               
               

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding

    97.7     98.2     100.1  
               
               

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

    97.7     98.8     100.3  
               
               

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

        Our management discussion and analysis of our results of operations for the period 2011 to 2013 relates to our business from continuing operations. The sale of our Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses are reported as discontinued operations in current and comparable periods and therefore are not included in continuing operations. Our management discussion and analysis of our financial condition relates to the Company as a whole.

2013 COMPARED TO 2012

Overview

        Consolidated net sales were $2.2 billion in 2013 or $35 million higher than in 2012 driven by a $61 million increase in volume, offset by a $16 million overall decrease in selling prices and the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation of $10 million. Our Industrial Performance segment reported a $76 million increase in sales volume primarily from our petroleum additives and certain synthetic products offset by slightly less volume for our urethane product sales due to weakness in the global mining and electronic markets. Chemtura AgroSolutions segment reported a $34 million increase in sales volume driven by strong sales in North and Latin Americas and strong selling prices driven by higher demand. Our Industrial Engineered segment experienced weak demand from insulated foam applications and an attendant reduction in selling prices. Demand from electronic application products remained weak in 2013. The result was a $49 million decline in sales volume and a $44 million decrease in overall selling prices.

        Gross profit for 2013 was $510 million, a decrease of $71 million compared with 2012. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased to 23% for 2013 compared with 26% for 2012. Gross profit was impacted by a $21 million increase in an environmental reserve in 2013 for the costs to remediate a legacy non-operating site in France, a $16 million overall reduction in selling prices, $12 million from unfavorable product mix, $7 million from the unfavorable effect of foreign currency translation, a $10 million increase in our excess inventory reserves due to lower electronics demand for brominated products, $5 million of costs associated with our new facilities in Nantong, China and Ankerweg, The Netherlands, and lower manufacturing and Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals ("REACh") costs which were offset by higher distribution costs.

        Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense of $229 million was $16 million lower than 2012, primarily the result of lower staff count due to our initiatives to eliminate stranded costs arising from our divestitures, lower accruals related to employee incentive plans and other cost reductions as well as other restructuring initiatives in 2012 and 2013. Quantitatively, these reductions were a $7 million benefit related to the elimination of stranded costs associated with our Antioxidant business, $11 million of lower non-cash compensation expense due to our overall lower performance in 2013, a gain of $2 million related to an adjustment to a legacy pension plan, a gain of $2 million related to the sale of a non-operating site, a $2 million decrease in an accrual related to one of our U.K. pension plans and $5 million in lower pension expense primarily related to the transfer of pension obligations to Addivant in April 2013 in connection with the sale of our Antioxidant business. These reductions were offset by $6 million in expenses incurred to explore the sale of our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment, $2 million associated with the accelerated recognition of asset retirement obligations, the absence of a $2 million gain recorded in 2012 for a settlement related to a UK pension levy and a $3 million increase in workers compensation expense.

        Depreciation and amortization expense of $101 million was slightly higher than 2012.

        Research and development ("R&D") expense of $40 million was slightly lower than 2012.

        Facility closures, severance and related costs in 2013 was $42 million compared with $11 million for 2012. The expense related to the cost saving initiatives we announced in 2013 and 2012. The restructuring plans announced in 2013 related to both the elimination of stranded costs associated with our Antioxidant business as well as initiatives to reduce operating costs within our remaining businesses.

        Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims were $1 million for 2012 as we reduced the number of claims remaining in our Disputed Claim Reserve.

        Interest expense of $60 million during 2013 was $4 million lower than 2012, primarily due to higher capitalized interest expense in 2013 and the absence of fees associated with the securitization program in 2012. The reduction in interest expense from our debt refinancing actions was offset by the net effect of higher average borrowings under the Term Loan in 2013 due to the $125 million increase in the fourth quarter of 2012 offset by the $100 million repayment in the third quarter of 2013. We will obtain the full benefit of our 2013 debt refinancing actions in 2014.

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        Loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $50 million for 2013 included $42 million for the difference between the principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered and the sum of the tender offer consideration and consent payments and $8 million for the write-off of unamortized capitalized financing costs and original issuance discount with respect to the 2018 Senior Notes purchased due to the tender offer.

        Other income, net was $9 million for 2013 compared with $20 million for 2012. During 2013 and 2012, we recognized gains of $13 million and $21 million, respectively, related to the release of cumulative translation adjustments associated with the rationalization of certain European subsidiaries that are no longer required coupled with lower interest income and a less favorable effect of foreign currency translation in 2013.

        Reorganization items, net were $1 million and $5 million for 2013 and 2012, respectively. The expense in both periods primarily comprised professional fees directly associated with the Chapter 11 reorganization.

        The income tax expense in 2013 was $18 million compared with $26 million in 2012. The tax expense reported in 2013 and 2012 related to taxable income of certain of our international subsidiaries. In 2013 and 2012, we provided a full valuation allowance against the tax expense associated with our U.S. net operating loss.

        Loss from continuing operations attributable to Chemtura for 2013 was $22 million, or $0.23 per share, as compared with earnings from continuing operations attributable to Chemtura of $103 million, or $1.04 per share, for 2012.

        Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to Chemtura for 2013, was $25 million, or $0.26 per share, as compared with a loss of $2 million, or $0.02 per share, for 2012. In 2013, we recorded an impairment charge of $7 million which included the impairment of property, plant and equipment related to the Consumer Products business. In 2012, we recorded an impairment charge of $47 million which included the impairment of property, plant and equipment of $35 million and intangible assets of $11 million related to the Antioxidant business. Discontinued operations compromise the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses.

        Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to Chemtura for 2013, was $180 million, or $1.84, per share which represents a net loss of $155 million and $25 million associated with the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses, respectively.

        The following is a discussion of the results of our segments for 2013 compared with 2012.

Industrial Performance Products

        Our Industrial Performance segment reported higher net sales and operating income in 2013 compared with 2012. We experienced some recovery in the sales of our petroleum additive products across all regions as well as the benefit of a modest increase in selling prices. These gains were partially offset by weakness in mining and electronic applications which is affecting our urethanes products globally. Operating income benefited from the higher selling prices over the increase in raw material costs but we did not see the full impact of the volume improvements due to a greater percentage of lower margin products being sold coupled with costs associated with our new facilities in Nantong, China and Ankerweg, The Netherlands and increases in SG&A and R&D (collectively, "SGA&R") expenses.

        Net sales totaled $979 million in 2013, an increase of $88 million compared with last year. The increase reflected higher sales volume of $76 million, higher selling prices of $10 million and favorable foreign currency translation of $2 million.

        Operating income was $109 million in 2013, an increase of $7 million compared with 2012. Operating income benefited from the higher selling prices and $8 million in higher sales volume net of unfavorable product mix, offset by an increase in SGA&R costs of $4 million, accelerated recognition of asset retirement obligations of $2 million and $5 million related to the start-up costs of our Nantong, China and Ankerweg, The Netherlands facilities.

Industrial Engineered Products

        Our Industrial Engineered segment reported lower net sales and operating income in 2013 compared with 2012. Demand from insulation foam applications for flame retardants sharply deteriorated in the first half of 2013 and selling prices fell significantly. While some recovery in volume was seen in demand in the second half of 2013, selling prices remained weak. As a result, there was a significant reduction in both volume and selling prices in these applications in 2013. Demand for flame retardants used in electronic applications remained weak during 2013 and there were periods of pressure on selling prices during the year. Additionally, due to capacity additions by a competitor, we saw lower volumes and reduced selling prices for our metal alkyl products used as components in polyolefin polymerization catalysts. We benefited from some increase in demand from furniture foam and oil and gas applications coupled with increased selling prices and higher demand during the second half of 2013 for our tin-based products. However, these were not significant enough to offset the impacts from

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insulation foam and electronic applications. The segment's operating income was further impacted by unfavorable manufacturing costs and variances and the increase in an excess inventory reserve due to the prolonged decline in demand for flame retardants for electronics applications.

        Net sales decreased by $93 million to $803 million for 2013 reflecting a $49 million decrease in sales volumes and $44 million in lower selling prices.

        Operating income of $55 million in 2013 decreased $85 million compared with last year. The decrease reflected the lower selling prices, $26 million from lower sales volume and unfavorable product mix, a $10 million increase in an excess inventory reserve, $5 million in higher raw material and distribution costs, $3 million from unfavorable foreign currency translation, partly offset by a $3 million net decrease in other costs.

Chemtura AgroSolutions

        Our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment reported higher net sales and operating income for 2013 compared with 2012. Net sales increased over the prior year period as a result of improved sales volume in both North and Latin America for mitacide and seed treatment products coupled with the introduction of new products and higher selling prices. Operating income reflected the benefit of the increased sales volume and selling prices coupled with increased equity income associated with a gain on the sale of two product lines in our ISEM joint venture and continued focus on the reduction of general expenses.

        Net sales increased by $40 million to $449 million for 2013 from $409 million in 2012. The increase reflected $34 million in higher sales volume and $18 million in higher selling prices partly offset by $12 million of unfavorable foreign currency translation, primarily related to Latin America.

        Operating income increased $23 million to $88 million in 2013 compared with $65 million in 2012, reflecting the higher selling prices, $6 million from favorable sales volume and product mix changes, $5 million in lower raw material costs and $4 million of increased equity income of ISEM, offset in part by $6 million from unfavorable foreign currency translation, a $2 million increase in manufacturing and distribution costs and $2 million of other costs.

Corporate

        Included in our general corporate expenses are costs of a general nature or managed on a corporate basis. These costs, net of allocations to the business segments, primarily represent corporate stewardship and administration activities together with costs associated with legacy activities and intangible asset amortization. Functional costs are allocated between the business segments and general corporate expense.

        Corporate expense was $112 million and $116 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively, which included amortization expense related to intangible assets and depreciation expense of $18 million and $19 million in 2013 and 2012 respectively. Included in corporate expense for 2013 was a charge of $21 million to increase an environmental reserve for the costs to remediate a legacy non-operating site in France. Following a detailed engineering study, we received estimates of the costs of a multi-year program to remediate the site to the standards required by the regulatory authorities. Additionally, included within 2013 corporate expense is $6 million in costs related to the exploration of the sale of our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment, a $3 million increase in workers compensation expense and the absence of a $2 million gain recorded in 2012 for a UK pension levy settlement, offset by a benefit of $11 million of lower non-cash compensation expense due to our overall lower performance in 2013 and the reduction in staff, $7 million related to the elimination of stranded costs associated with our Antioxidant business, a gain of $2 million related to an adjustment for a legacy pension plan, a gain of $2 million related to the sale of a non-operating site, a $2 million decrease in an accrual related to one of our U.K. pension plans, $7 million in reduced functional and other spending as a result of our restructuring programs and $5 million in lower pension expense primarily related to the transfer of pension obligations to Addivant in April 2013 in connection with the sale of our Antioxidant business.

        Certain functional and other expenses that are managed company-wide are allocated to our segments. The portion of such costs allocated to the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses have not transferred directly under the respective sale agreements. As such, in historic periods these costs are shown as part of continuing operations in the corporate segment and not included under earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. Costs related to the Antioxidant business were $6 million and $13 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Costs related to the Consumer Products business were $14 million and $13 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively. Additionally, our Corporate segment included $8 million and $14 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively, of amortization expense related directly to our Antioxidants and Consumer Products businesses which has been included in earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

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2012 COMPARED TO 2011

Overview

        We reported consolidated net sales of $2.2 billion in 2012, which represented a $12 million increase over our consolidated net sales in 2011. We realized $73 million from higher year-over-year selling prices as we continued to focus on investing in new products and manufacturing capacity as well as recovering increases in raw material and distribution costs, This benefit was offset by a $34 million reduction in sales volume and $27 million from the unfavorable effects of foreign exchange translation. Our Chemtura AgroSolutions and Industrial Engineered segments led the sales growth. Chemtura AgroSolutions benefited from an increase in volume resulting from dry weather and good growing seasons, particularly in the Americas, coupled with new product introductions and registrations and changes in distribution channels in Latin America. Industrial Engineered Products saw the greatest benefit from higher selling prices in 2012 that helped to recover raw material increases and supported the continued investment in manufacturing capacity to serve customers' growing demand. Our Industrial Performance segment contributed most of our volume decline as it was significantly affected by weak demand, particularly in Asia and Europe which began in the second half of 2011. Global economic conditions contributed to the unfavorable effect of foreign exchange translation which impacted all of our businesses.

        Our gross profit as a percentage of sales for 2012 remained constant at 26%. Gross profit for 2012 increased by $23 million over 2011 to $581 million. Gross profit reflected the higher year-on-year selling prices and a $2 million decrease in other costs, offset by unfavorable manufacturing variances and costs of $43 million, a decrease in volume and product mix of $5 million and the impact of unfavorable foreign currency translation of $4 million.

        SG&A expense of $245 million was $24 million lower than in 2011. The decrease represented the benefit of certain non-recurring costs we reported in 2011, including a $7 million reserve for accounts receivables, an $8 million charge related to a UK pension matter and lower overall costs due to restructuring programs in Chemtura AgroSolutions and our finance function offset by additional legal and other expenses associated with our strategic initiatives.

        Depreciation and amortization expense of $100 million was $3 million lower than the prior year, primarily due to accelerated depreciation related to restructuring activities of $2 million in 2011 within our Industrial Engineered and Chemtura AgroSolutions segments.

        R&D expense of $41 million was $5 million higher than the prior year as we invested to drive innovation to support growth.

        Facility closures, severance and related costs were $11 million in 2012 as compared with $3 million in 2011. The 2012 charges related to initiatives to improve the operating effectiveness of certain global corporate functions. The 2011 charges primarily related to severance costs of a restructuring plan to increase the effectiveness of our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment.

        Gain on sale of business of $27 million for 2011 related to the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd.

        We recorded impairment charges of $4 million in 2011 comprising the impairment of intangible assets of our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment and property, plant and equipment related to our El Dorado, Arkansas facility.

        Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims were $1 million for 2012 compared with $3 million for 2011, as we reduced the number of claims remaining in our Disputed Claim Reserve.

        Other income, net in 2012 was $20 million compared with $1 million for the same period of 2011. During the fourth quarter of 2012, we recognized gains of $21 million related to the release of cumulative translation adjustments associated with the rationalization of certain European subsidiaries that are no longer required.

        Reorganization items, net of $5 million in 2012 was $14 million lower than in 2011. The expense in both periods comprised professional fees directly associated with the Chapter 11 reorganization and the impact of negotiated claims settlement for which Bankruptcy Court approval had been requested or obtained.

        The income tax expense from continuing operations in 2012 was $26 million compared with $17 million in 2011. The tax expense reported for 2012 and 2011 related to taxable income of certain of our international subsidiaries. The tax expense reported in 2011 included a decrease in deferred foreign income taxes of approximately $17 million that had been recorded in an international jurisdiction in prior years and an increase in foreign income taxes of approximately $5 million relating to a foreign tax matter dating back to the 1990s. The $17 million tax benefit was recorded after receiving approval from the international jurisdiction to change our filing position. In 2012 and 2011, we provided a full valuation allowance against the tax expense associated with our U.S. net operating loss.

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        Net earnings from continuing operations attributable to Chemtura for 2012 was $103 million, or $1.04 per share, as compared with $68 million, or $0.68 per share, for 2011.

        The loss from discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to Chemtura for 2012 was $2 million, or $0.02 per share, as compared with earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax attributable to Chemtura of $51 million, or $0.51 per share, for 2011. In 2012, we recorded an impairment charge of $47 million which included the impairment of property, plant and equipment of $35 million and intangible assets of $11 million related to the Antioxidant business. Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations represented the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses.

        The following is a discussion of the results of our segments for 2012 compared with 2011.

Industrial Performance Products

        Our Industrial Performance segment reported lower net sales and operating income in 2012 compared with the prior year. These results continued to reflect the weak global economic conditions which first showed their effect in the second half of 2011 and deteriorated progressively through 2012, particularly in Asia. Although we were able to implement some year-over-year price increases, overall our mix of product sales deteriorated which continued to put pressure on margins as raw material costs increased. Reduced demand contributed to unfavorable manufacturing absorption variances which further impacted operating profit. Increases in SGA&R were offset by decreases in other costs.

        Net sales totaled $891 million in 2012, a decrease of $48 million compared with last year. The lower results reflected the negative impact of reduced sales volume totaling $62 million coupled with the impact of unfavorable foreign currency translation of $5 million, partially offset by higher selling prices of $19 million.

        Operating income totaled $102 million in 2012, a decrease of $14 million compared with last year. Price increases only partly offset a $22 million decrease in volume and unfavorable product mix, $6 million in increased raw materials, $4 million in unfavorable manufacturing costs and absorption variances and a $1 million increase in other costs.

        On October 29, 2012, Hurricane Sandy caused wide-spread flooding and wind damage across the mid-Atlantic region in the U.S. which resulted in prolonged power outages, disruption of public transportation and gasoline shortages from Virginia to New Hampshire. Although several of our plants lost power, there was minimal financial impact from the storm.

Industrial Engineered Products

        Our Industrial Engineered segment delivered improvements in net sales and operating income over 2011, mainly due to year-over-year increases in selling prices. We realized the full benefit in 2012 of the increases in selling prices that we implemented throughout 2011. The increases in selling prices helped to cover escalating raw material costs later in the year and other manufacturing and distribution costs as well as to support the required capacity reinvestments for sustainable and reliable supply of products to our customers. We saw further softening in demand from our traditional electronic applications and a decline in the sales of tin-based organometallic products and components for polyolefin polymerization catalysts. However, we were able to mitigate these volume declines through sales growth from insulation foam, mercury removal, agriculture, healthcare and certain other industrial applications markets. This growth reflected the benefit of the investment in new product and application development, permitting us to diversify the application markets we serve. We brought on new capacity for our Emerald Innovation™ product lines and invested in expanding our organometallics production capacity.

        Net sales increased by $27 million to $896 million for 2012 reflecting the benefit of $46 million in increased selling prices partially offset by $7 million in lower sales volume and $12 million from the impact of unfavorable foreign currency translation.

        Operating income increased $10 million to $140 million in 2012 compared with $130 million in 2011. The increase reflected the favorable selling price increases, $6 million in favorable product mix and $5 million from lower raw material costs, which were offset in part by $41 million in unfavorable manufacturing costs including start up costs for new products and absorption variances and a $6 million increase in other costs.

Chemtura AgroSolutions

        Our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment reported higher net sales and operating income for 2012 compared with 2011. This segment benefited from an increase in sales volume resulting from dry weather and strong growing seasons, particularly in the Americas coupled with new product introductions and registrations and changes in distribution channels in Latin America. Increased selling prices were offset entirely by unfavorable foreign currency translation due to the weakening of a number of

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currencies against the U.S. dollar throughout the year. Operating income reflected the benefit of higher sales volumes, reductions in bad debt expense compared to 2011 and reductions in costs as a result of the restructuring program that was implemented in the latter part of 2011.

        Net sales increased by $33 million to $409 million for 2012 from $376 million in 2011 reflecting $35 million in higher sales volume and $8 million in higher selling prices offset by $10 million of unfavorable foreign currency translation.

        Operating income increased $35 million to $65 million in 2012 compared with $30 million in 2011. Operating income reflected the increase in selling prices, an $11 million benefit from increased sales volume and favorable product mix, a decrease in SGA&R of $14 million which reflected the benefit of the restructuring actions taken in 2011 and a reduction of bad debt expense of $7 million, and $4 million in lower manufacturing, distribution and other costs, partly offset by $2 million of unfavorable foreign currency translation.

General Corporate

        Included in our general corporate expenses are costs of a general nature or managed on a corporate basis. These costs, net of allocations to the business segments, primarily represent corporate stewardship and administration activities together with costs associated with legacy activities and intangible asset amortization. Functional costs are allocated between the business segments and general corporate expense.

        Corporate expense was $116 million in 2012, which included amortization expense related to intangible assets and depreciation expense of $19 million. Corporate expense was $127 million in 2011, which included amortization expense related to intangible assets and depreciation expense of $25 million.

        Certain functional and other expenses that are managed company-wide are allocated to our segments. The portion of such costs allocated to the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses have not or will not transfer directly under the respective sale agreements. As such, in historic periods these costs are shown as part of continuing operations in the corporate segment and not included under earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. Costs related to the Antioxidant business were $13 million and $15 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively. Costs related to the Consumer Products business were $13 million and $15 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively. Additionally, our Corporate segment included $14 million and $16 million for 2012 and 2011, respectively, of amortization expense related directly to our Antioxidants and Consumer Products businesses which has been included in earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Adjusted EBITDA

        Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated or presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). While we believe that such measures are useful in evaluating our performance, investors should not consider them to be a substitute for financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, the financial measures may differ from similarly titled financial measures used by other companies and do not provide a comparable view of our performance relative to other companies in similar industries. Adjusted EBITDA for 2013, 2012 and 2011 is calculated as follows:

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(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119  

Plus: Interest expense

    60     64     63  

Plus: Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    50     1      

Plus: Other income, net

    (9 )   (20 )   (1 )

Plus: Reorganization items, net

    1     5     19  

Plus: Income tax expense

    18     26     17  

Plus: (Earnings) loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (25 )   3     (52 )

Plus: Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    180          

Plus: Net (loss) earnings attributable to non-controlling interests

        (1 )   1  
               

Operating income

    98     179     166  

Plus: Depreciation and amortization

    101     100     103  

Plus: Operational facility closures, severance and related costs

    42     11     3  

Less: Gain on sale of business

            (27 )

Plus: Impairment charges

            4  

Plus: Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

        1     3  

Plus: Non-cash stock-based compensation

    13     22     24  

Plus: Environmental reserves

    21          

Plus: UK pension benefit matter

    (2 )       8  

Plus: Other adjustments

    2         1  
               

Adjusted EBITDA

  $ 275   $ 313   $ 285  
               
               

        Adjusted EBITDA in 2013 is net of $6 million of expenses related to our exploration of a sale of our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

        We believe that our cash flow from operations, borrowing capacity under our U.S. and international credit facilities and our current cash and cash equivalents provide sufficient liquidity to maintain our current operations and capital expenditure requirements, repurchase shares, service our debt and pursue other strategic initiatives which will bring shareholder value.

        During 2013, we refinanced much of our debt capital structure to reduce interest expense, provide for local borrowings in Europe and to provide additional operating flexibility under our debt convents. We sold our Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses providing additional cash to pay down $100 million of our Term Loan in 2013 and an additional $110 million in January 2014. We anticipate using the remaining proceeds to return capital to shareholders and continue to make important investments to strengthen and enable the continued growth of the remaining businesses. We have announced and are implementing restructuring programs to eliminate stranded costs associated with our Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses as well as reduce costs in our remaining businesses. The following is a discussion on significant factors affecting our liquidity and use of capital resources.

Tender Offer & New Bond Offering

        On June 10, 2013, we launched a cash tender offer and consent solicitation with respect to any and all of our outstanding $455 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Notes due 2018 (the "2018 Senior Notes") pursuant to our Offer to Purchase and Consent Solicitation Statement (the "Offer to Purchase"). The requisite consent solicitation was required to adopt proposed amendments to the indenture governing the 2018 Senior Notes (the "2018 Indenture") that would eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and related provisions contained in the 2018 Indenture. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, holders who validly tendered their notes on or prior to June 21, 2013 (the "Consent Date") received total consideration of $1,117.50 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes accepted for purchase, which included a consent payment of $30 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes. As of July 5, 2013, holders of $348 million or approximately 76.56% of the 2018 Senior Notes, had tendered such 2018 Senior Notes and consented to the proposed amendments to the 2018 Indenture.

        On July 8, 2013, we amended the terms of the Offer to Purchase to extend the expiration date to July 19, 2013 to meet the terms of the Financing Condition (as defined in the Offer to Purchase). Holders who validly tendered their 2018 Senior Notes after the Consent Date but on or prior to July 19, 2013, received the tender offer consideration of $1,087.50 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes accepted for purchase but were not entitled to the consent payment. As of July 19, 2013,

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additional holders of $6 million or approximately 1.33% of the 2018 Senior Notes, had tendered such 2018 Senior Notes and consented to the proposed amendments to the 2018 Indenture.

        On July 18, 2013, we undertook a registered public offering of $450 million of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2021 ("2021 Senior Notes"), for the purposes of funding the purchase under the terms of the Offer to Purchase all of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered, expenses related to the offering and a prepayment of our senior secured term loan facility due 2016 (the "Term Loan"). On July 23, 2013, the 2021 Senior Notes offering closed and the majority of the proceeds were used to complete the purchase of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered in response to the Offer to Purchase. With the purchase of the tendered 2018 Senior Notes complete, the amendments to the 2018 Indenture that eliminated substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and related provisions became effective.

        In the third quarter of 2013, we recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $50 million. The loss included $42 million for the difference between the principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered and the sum of the tender offer consideration and consent payments. The loss also included $8 million for the write-off of unamortized capitalized financing costs and original issuance discount with respect to the 2018 Senior Notes purchased under the tender.

        On July 23, 2013, we used the balance of the proceeds from the offering of the 2021 Senior Notes, after completing the purchase of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered and paying transaction costs, of approximately $45 million and approximately $5 million of cash on hand to prepay $50 million of principal of our Term Loan. On July 31, 2013, we prepaid an additional $50 million of Term Loan principal with cash on hand.

        Our 2021 Senior Notes contain covenants that limit our ability to enter into certain transactions, such as incurring secured debt and subsidiary debt and entering into sale and lease-back transactions.

Financing Facilities

        In August 2010, we completed a $455 million private placement offering under Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Rule 144A for the 2018 Senior Notes at an issue price of 99.269% in reliance on an exemption pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. In July 2013, we purchased $354 million of the $455 million outstanding balance with proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes offering.

        In August 2010, we also entered into the Term Loan with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders party thereto for an aggregate principal amount of $295 million with an original issue discount of 1%. The Term Loan permitted us to increase the size of the facility with an accordion feature by up to $125 million. On October 31, 2012, we exercised the accordion feature of our Term Loan and borrowed the additional $125 million for the purpose of funding potential investment opportunities and for general corporate purposes. During 2013, we repaid $102 million of the Term Loan with proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes offering and cash on hand. In January 2014, we repaid an additional $110 million of the Term Loan with proceeds from the sale of the Consumer Products business. In light of this transaction, we classified the $110 million as short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2013.

        In October 2013, we entered into an amendment of our Term Loan. The amendment to the Term Loan (the "Amendment"), among other things, (i) reduces the interest rate and LIBOR floor on the term loans outstanding under the Term Loan agreement (the "term loans"), (ii) provides for a 1% prepayment premium if the term loans are refinanced with certain specified refinancing debt within 6 months, (iii) introduces scheduled quarterly amortization of the term loans in the amount of 1% annually, and (iv) permits additional flexibility under certain of our operating covenants (including but not limited to additional flexibility for debt, investments, restricted payments and dispositions) in the Term Loan agreement. The Amendment became effective on October 30, 2013. The amendment reduced annual interest expense going forward by approximately $6 million on the then outstanding balance.

        In November 2010, we entered into a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility available through 2015 (the "ABL Facility") for an amount up to $275 million, subject to availability under a borrowing base (with a $125 million letter of credit sub-facility).

        In December 2013, we amended and restated the ABL Facility. The new senior secured revolving credit facility available through 2018 (the "2018 ABL Facility") provides for $175 million available to our domestic subsidiaries and €60 million available to Chemtura Sales Europe B.V., a Netherlands subsidiary, subject in each case to availability under the borrowing base (with a $125 million letter of credit sub-facility). At December 31, 2013, we had no borrowings under the 2018 ABL Facility. However, we had $14 million of outstanding letters of credit (primarily related to insurance obligations, environmental obligations and banking credit facilities) which utilized available capacity under the facility. At December 31, 2013, we had approximately $237 million of undrawn availability under the 2018 ABL Facility.

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        These financing facilities contain covenants that limit, among other things, our ability to enter into certain transactions, such as creating liens, incurring additional indebtedness or repaying certain indebtedness, making investments, paying dividends, and entering into acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures. The Term Loan requires that we meet certain quarterly financial maintenance covenants including a maximum Secured Leverage Ratio (as defined in the agreement, measured net of unrestricted cash) of 2.5:1.0 and a minimum Consolidated Interest Coverage Ratio (as defined in the agreement) of 3.0:1.0. Additionally, the Term Loan contains a covenant related to the repayment of excess cash flow (as defined in the agreement). The 2018 ABL Facility contains a springing financial covenant requiring a minimum trailing four quarter fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 at all times during any period from the date when (A) the amount available for borrowings under the 2018 ABL Facility falls below the greater of (i) $25 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments until such date such available amount has been equal to or greater than the greater of (i) $25 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments for 30 consecutive days or (B) the amount available for borrowings under the domestic portion of the 2018 ABL Facility falls below the greater of (i) $18 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments for the domestic portion of the 2018 ABL Facility until such date such available amount has been equal to or greater than the greater of (i) $18 million and (ii) 10% of such aggregate domestic commitments for 30 consecutive days. As of December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with the covenant requirements of these financing facilities.

        In March 2013, we entered into a promissory note in the principal sum of $7 million with a term of six years bearing interest at a rate of 5.29% per annum to finance the cost of certain information technology software licenses. The principal of note is to be repaid in equal monthly installments over its term.

        In December 2012, we entered into a CNY 250 million (approximately $40 million) 5 year secured credit facility available through December 2017 (the "China Bank Facility") with Agricultural Bank of China, Nantong Branch ("ABC Bank"). The China Bank Facility will be used for funding construction of our manufacturing facility in Nantong, China. The China Bank Facility is secured by land, property and machinery of our subsidiary Chemtura Advanced Materials (Nantong) Co., Ltd. At December 31, 2013, we had borrowings of $17 million under the China Bank Facility. Repayments of principal will be made in semi-annual installments from December 2014 through December 2017.

        For further discussion of the financing facilities, see Note 7—Debt in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Share Repurchase Program

        On May 9, 2013, the Board authorized an increase in our share repurchase program from $100 million to up to $141 million and extended the program to March 31, 2014. On November 12, 2013, the Board authorized a further increase in the share repurchase program by $50 million (up to $191 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 authorization). The Board also authorized an additional $100 million under the share repurchase program upon the closing of the previously announced sale of the Consumer Products business (up to $291 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 and November 12, 2013 authorizations). The Board also extended the authorizations under the share repurchase program through and including November 9, 2014. The shares are expected to be repurchased from time to time through open market purchases. The program, which does not obligate us to repurchase any particular amount of common stock, may be modified or suspended at any time at the Board's discretion. The manner, price, number and timing of such repurchases, if any, will be subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). During the year ended December 31, 2013, we purchased 2.4 million shares for $54 million. As of December 31, 2013, we had purchased 5.8 million shares for $95 million since inception of our share repurchase program.

Consumer Products Divestiture

        In October 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement to sell our investment in the dedicated legal entities that constituted our Consumer Products business, including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S. and South Africa, to KIK Customer Products Inc. ("KIK") for $315 million in cash at closing. On December 31, 2013, we entered into an amendment to the stock purchase agreement, among other matters, to reduce the purchase price by $15 million reflecting the resolution of certain pre-closing matters, and completed the sale of the Consumer Products business for an adjusted purchase price of $300 million and the assumption by KIK of pension and other liabilities totaling approximately $8 million. The purchase price is subject to customary post-closing adjustments, primarily for working capital and assumed pension liabilities. The agreement specified a value of working capital based upon a twelve-month average against which working capital would be measured. To the extent working capital at closing was lower than this value, KIK would be compensated for the difference. If working capital was higher, we would be compensated. The impact of some of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing and a final reconciliation will occur in the first half of 2014.

        The underlying assets and liabilities of our investment in the dedicated legal entities sold have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2012. Additionally, earnings and direct costs associated with the

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Consumer Products business for the periods prior to the date of the sale have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the current and comparative periods. All applicable disclosures included in the accompanying footnotes have been updated to reflect the Consumer Products business as a discontinued operation.

        We recognized a pre-tax loss of $24 million ($25 million after-tax loss), which included a $39 million non-cash gain related to the release of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") associated with the release of cumulative translation adjustments of the entities sold and the pension obligations transferred.

        In connection with the sale we entered into a transition service agreement and supply contact with KIK to supply products from our Adrian, MI facility. Under the terms of the supply contract, KIK has the option, exercisable for a period of six-months following the closing date to purchase the net assets of the Adrian facility at a price that is below the carrying value of the net assets. Accordingly, we concluded the net assets of the Adrian facility met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale and we recorded an impairment charge in December 2013 of $7 million to write-down the property, plant and equipment to its fair value less costs to sell.

        For further discussion of the Consumer Products sale, see Note 2—Acquisitions and Divestitures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Antioxidant Divestiture

        In April 2013, we completed the sale of our Antioxidant business to SK and Addivant for consideration of $97 million, $9 million in preferred stock issued by Addivant, a seller note in the amount of $1 million issued by an affiliate of Addivant and the assumption by SK and Addivant of pension, environmental and other liabilities totaling approximately $91 million. At closing, the cash consideration was subject to the retention of certain assets, the finalization of pension assets and liabilities and the change in certain working capital components through the closing date. The impact of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing. During the third quarter of 2013, the net pension liability transferred to Addivant was finalized and the seller note was extinguished by these adjustments. Additionally, we paid $2 million in cash considerations as part of the adjustment. The final working capital adjustment remains to be agreed between the parties.

        Included as part of the consideration, we received 9.2 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Addivant with a face value of $9 million. These shares accrue dividends at escalating rates beginning at 7% in the first year and up to 11% in the third year and beyond which are payable upon declaration.

        We recognized a pre-tax loss of $164 million ($155 million after-tax), which included $121 million of non-cash charges related to the release of AOCL associated with the pension obligations transferred, the release of cumulative translation adjustments and the release of our non-controlling interest in a Korean joint venture. In connection with the sale, we entered into several ancillary agreements, including supply agreements, a distribution agreement, and a transition service agreement.

        As a result of entering into this transaction, we determined that discontinued operations treatment applied. Assets and liabilities included in the Antioxidant Sale have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2012. Additionally, earnings and direct costs associated with the Antioxidant business for the periods prior to the date of the sale have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the current and comparative periods. All applicable disclosures included in the accompanying footnotes have been updated to reflect the Antioxidant business as a discontinued operation.

        For further discussion of the Antioxidant sale, see Note 2—Acquisitions and Divestitures in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Solaris Acquisition

        On September 26, 2012, we announced that we entered into a Business Transfer Agreement ("BTA") with Solaris ChemTech Industries Limited ("Solaris ChemTech"), an Indian Company, and Avantha Holdings Limited, an Indian Company and the parent company of Solaris ChemTech (collectively, "Solaris"). As provided in the BTA, we have agreed to purchase from Solaris certain assets used in the manufacture and distribution of bromine and bromine chemicals for cash consideration of $142 million and the assumption of certain liabilities. The purchase price is subject to a post-closing net working capital adjustment. The transaction is subject to, among other things, receiving governmental approval for the transfer of rights to the brine resources from which bromine is extracted and is expected to close upon receipt of those approvals, the date of which is not yet known. The parties continue to explore whether there may be an alternative transaction structure to permit a closing of the transaction. However as of this date the parties have not yet developed an approach that they can implement.

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Restructuring Initiatives

        In February 2013, our Board approved a restructuring plan providing for, among other things, actions to reduce stranded costs related to divestitures. This plan is expected to preserve pre-divestiture operating margins following our portfolio changes. On October 9, 2013, the Board approved additional restructuring actions to consolidate our business' organizational structure in an effort to streamline the organization and gain efficiencies and additional cost savings. In December 2013, we substantially completed employee communications and the consultation process regarding the closure of our Droitwich, UK facility and consolidation of those operations into our Perth Amboy, NJ facility, in order to improve our competitiveness in the current economic environment. We recorded a pre-tax charge of $44 million in the year ended December 31, 2013, which included $27 million for severance and related costs, $15 million for professional fees, $1 million for accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment, and $1 million for accelerated asset retirement obligations. We expect to incur approximately $7 million to $10 million in 2014 primarily for accelerated depreciation and decommissioning costs.

        In April 2012, our Board approved a restructuring plan providing for, among other things, the closure of our Antioxidant business manufacturing facility in Pedrengo, Italy. The Board also approved actions to improve the operating effectiveness of certain global corporate functions. This plan is intended to achieve significant gains in efficiency and costs. The total cost of the restructuring plan is estimated to be approximately $40 million of which approximately $6 million will consist of non-cash charges. During 2012, we recorded pre-tax charges of $33 million which included $4 million for accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment included in depreciation and amortization, $2 million for accelerated asset retirement obligations included in cost of goods sold ("COGS"), $12 million for severance and professional fees related to corporate initiatives, $5 million for severance and other obligations related to the Pedrengo closure and $10 million reflecting the write-off of a receivable for which collection is no longer probable as a result of the restructuring actions. We recorded an additional pre-tax charge of $1 million in 2013, primarily for accelerated depreciation and relocation costs related to the Pedrengo closure. All charges related to the Pedrengo closure have been included in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, as this plant formed part of our Antioxidants business. The Pedrengo plant ceased operations on March 31, 2013 and asset retirement work has been completed. We have retained this property under the terms of the sale of the Antioxidants business and anticipate selling it after all remediation work is completed.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

        Net cash provided by operating activities was $79 million in 2013, $218 million in 2012 and $182 million in 2011. Changes in key accounts are summarized below:

Favorable (unfavorable)
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Accounts receivable

  $ (20 ) $ (8 ) $ 13  

Inventories

    (13 )   (1 )   (24 )

Accounts payable

    20     30     (11 )

Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities

    (59 )   (79 )   (82 )

Liabilities subject to compromise

            (8 )

        During 2013, accounts receivable increased by $20 million over 2012 primarily driven by Industrial Performance segment. Our Industrial Performance segment showed some increase in accounts receivable driven primarily by the sales increases this segment experienced in the past several months. Inventory increased by $13 million over 2012 primarily driven by our Industrial Performance segment which reported an increase in inventory to support increased demand while our Industrial Engineered segment increased due to the acquisition of the remaining 50% of our Daystar joint venture. Accounts payable increased by $20 million during 2013 primarily relating to our Industrial Performance segment as a result of the inventory increase resulting from higher demand. Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities decreased $59 million primarily due to the funding of benefit obligations. Pension and post-retirement contributions amounted to $57 million during 2013 which included $32 million for domestic plans and $25 million for international plans. Cash flows from operating activities in 2013 were adjusted by the impact of certain non-cash and other charges, which primarily included loss on sale of discontinued operations of $180 million, depreciation and amortization expense of $123 million, loss on early extinguishment of debt of $50 million, stock-based compensation expense of $14 million and impairment charges for long-lived assets of $7 million offset by a gain of $13 million recorded for the release of cumulative translation adjustment associated with the liquidation of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries.

        During 2012, accounts receivable increased by $8 million driven by higher sales in the fourth quarter of 2012 compared to the fourth quarter of 2011 particularly for our Chemtura AgroSolutions and Industrial Engineered segments. Overall we experienced improvement in our days sales outstanding. Inventory increased by $1 million during 2012. Accounts payable

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increased by $30 million during 2012, as we continued to focus on rebuilding trade credit following our Chapter 11 proceedings. Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities decreased due to the funding of benefit obligations. Contributions to our pension plans amounted to $91 million in 2012, including $54 million for domestic plans and $37 million for the international plans. Cash flows from operating activities in 2012 were adjusted by the impact of certain non-cash and other charges, which primarily included depreciation and amortization expense of $139 million, impairment charges for long-lived assets of $47 million and stock-based compensation expense of $24 million offset by a gain of $21 million recorded for the release of cumulative translation adjustment associated with the liquidation of certain wholly-owned subsidiaries.

        During 2011, accounts receivable decreased by $13 million driven by lower sales in the fourth quarter of 2011 compared to the fourth quarter of 2010 primarily for the Chemtura AgroSolutions segment. There was an overall improvement in the days sales outstanding. Inventory increased $24 million during 2011 reflecting increased cost of raw materials, lower sales volumes and the overall decrease in the reserves reflecting the efforts to reduce slow moving and obsolete goods. Accounts payable decreased by $11 million during 2011 primarily due to the payment of approximately $23 million of Chapter 11 related legal and professional fees accrued in 2010. There was a slight increase in the days payable outstanding. Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities decreased due to the funding of benefit obligations. Contributions to our pension plans amounted to $96 million in 2011, including $34 million for domestic plans and $62 million for international plans. Liabilities subject to compromise related to operating activities decreased by $8 million in 2011, primarily due to the payment in cash of certain pre-petition liabilities in accordance with the Plan. Cash flows from operating activities in 2011 were adjusted by the impact of certain non-cash and other charges, which primarily included depreciation and amortization expense of $140 million, a gain on the sale of a business of $27 million, stock-based compensation expense of $26 million, provision for doubtful accounts of $7 million and impairment charges of $4 million.

Cash Flows from Investing and Financing Activities

        Net cash provided by investing activities was $184 million for 2013. Investing included capital expenditures of $170 million for U.S. and international facilities, environmental and other compliance requirements along with $3 million for the acquisition of the remaining interest in our Daystar joint venture. Investing activities also included proceeds, net of transaction costs and cash transferred of $78 million and $249 million from the sale of our Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses, respectively, $20 million return of capital from our ISEM joint venture and $10 million from the collection on a receivable from the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd in 2011.

        Net cash used in investing activities was $140 million for 2012. Investing activities were primarily related to $149 million in capital expenditures for U.S. and international facilities, environmental and other compliance requirements, partially offset by $9 million in proceeds from a payment on a note related to the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd.

        Net cash used in investing activities was $181 million for 2011. Investing activities were primarily related to $154 million in capital expenditures for U.S. and international facilities, environmental and other compliance requirements, as well as payments related to the formation of joint ventures of $35 million, which included $29 million for ISEM S.r.l. and $6 million for DayStar Materials, LLC, partially offset by $8 million received from the divestment of the oleochemical business in 2008.

        Net cash used in financing activities was $80 million for 2013. Financing activities primarily included the repurchase of $354 million of the 2018 Senior Notes, payment of the related tender premium and consent fees of $42 million and repayment of $102 million in principal of the Term Loan using the proceeds from the issuance of the $450 million of 2021 Senior Notes and cash on hand. Cash on hand was also used to repurchase $54 million of our common stock under our share repurchase program and $12 million of debt issuance costs related to the 2021 Senior Notes financing and amendments to the Term Loan and ABL Facility. Other financing sources in the period were borrowings for capital improvements related to our new facility in Nantong, China of $17 million, a promissory note for information technology software licenses of $7 million and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $8 million.

        Net cash provided by financing activities was $105 million for 2012, which included additional borrowings under our Term Loan of $125 million and the proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $5 million partly offset by shares acquired under our share repurchase program of $20 million, payments on short term borrowings of $3 million and cash costs related to the additional borrowing under the Term Loan of $2 million.

        Net cash used in financing activities was $18 million for 2011, which included shares acquired under our share repurchase program of $22 million offset by proceeds from short term borrowings of $3 million and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $1 million.

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Settlements of Liabilities Subject to Compromise and Disputed Claims

        On March 18, 2009 (the "Petition Date") Chemtura and 26 of our U.S. affiliates (collectively the "U.S. Debtors" or the "Debtors" when used in relation to matters before August 8, 2010) filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code ("Chapter 11") in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the "Bankruptcy Court"). On August 8, 2010, our Canadian subsidiary, Chemtura Canada Co/Cie ("Chemtura Canada"), filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11. The U.S. Debtors along with Chemtura Canada after it filed for Chapter 11 (collectively the "Debtors") requested the Bankruptcy Court to enter an order jointly administering Chemtura Canada's Chapter 11 case with the previously filed Chapter 11 cases and appoint Chemtura Canada as the "foreign representative" for the purposes of the Canadian Case. Such orders were granted on August 9, 2010.

        On November 3, 2010, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the Debtors' plan of reorganization (the "Plan"). On November 10, 2010 (the "Effective Date"), the Debtors substantially consummated their reorganization through a series of transactions contemplated by the Plan and the Plan became effective. As of December 31, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court has entered orders granting final decrees closing all of the Debtors' Chapter 11 cases except the Chapter 11 case of Chemtura Corporation.

        At December 31, 2012, there were no remaining undisbursed amounts in the Disputed Claims Reserve.

        In 2012, we distributed approximately $5 million of restricted cash associated with our Chapter 11 cases. These settlements were comprised of a $3 million supplemental distribution to holders of the former Chemtura common stock ("Holders of Interests") and $2 million for general unsecured claims. Additionally, we issued approximately $26 million of common stock which included supplemental distributions totaling $23 million to Holders of Interests and $3 million for general unsecured claims.

        In 2011, we settled approximately $41 million of disputed claims asserted in our Chapter 11 cases in $33 million of restricted cash and $8 million of cash. These settlements were comprised of $27 million for environmental liabilities, $10 million for general unsecured claims, $2 million for disputed cure claims and $2 million for general unsecured claims subject to segregated reserves. Additionally we issued approximately $33 million of New Common Stock for the settlement of certain other disputed claims in accordance with the Plan.

Contractual Obligations and Other Cash Requirements

        We have obligations to make future cash payments under contracts and commitments, including long-term debt agreements, lease obligations, environmental liabilities, post-retirement health care liabilities, facility closures, severance and related costs, and other long-term liabilities.

        The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations and other cash commitments as of December 31, 2013.

 
  Payments Due by Period  
(In millions)
Contractual Obligations*
  Total   2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   2019 and
Thereafter
 

Total debt (including capital leases)

  $ 898   $ 118   $ 11   $ 213   $ 2   $ 103   $ 451 (a)

Operating leases

    47     10     8     6     5     4     14 (b)

Facility closures, severance and related cost liabilities

    15     15                     (c)

Capital expenditures

    24     24                     (d)

Interest payments

    276     44     43     40     35     35     79 (e)

Unconditional purchase obligations

    5     3     1     1             (f)
                               

Subtotal—Contractual Obligations

    1,265     214     63     260     42     142     544  

Environmental liabilities

    93     21     24     15     6     5     22 (g)

Post-retirement health care liabilities

    97     9     9     8     8     8     55 (h)

Unrecognized tax benefits

    75     19     3     3     2     2     46 (i)

Other long-term liabilities (excluding pension liabilities)

    25     3     3     1     1     2     15  
                               

Total cash requirements

  $ 1,555   $ 266   $ 102   $ 287   $ 59   $ 159   $ 682  
                               
                               

*
Additional information is provided in various footnotes (including Debt, Leases, Legal Proceedings and Contingencies, Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans, Restructuring and Asset Impairment Activities, and Income Taxes) in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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(a)
Our debt agreements include various notes and bank loans for which payments will be payable through 2021. The future minimum lease payments under capital leases at December 31, 2013 were not significant. Obligations by period reflect stated contractual due dates.

(b)
Represents operating lease obligations primarily related to buildings, land and equipment. Such obligations are net of future sublease income and will be expensed over the life of the applicable lease contracts.

(c)
Represents estimated payments from accruals related to our restructuring programs.

(d)
Represents capital commitments for various open projects. Each year we spend in the range of $50 million—$65 million in capital spending to sustain existing operations including maintaining our plants, ensuring that they operate safely and generating efficiency improvements that support our other critical business and functional infrastructure.

(e)
Represents interest payments and fees related to our 2021Senior Notes, 2018 Senior Notes, Term Loan, 2018 ABL Facility and other debt obligations outstanding at December 31, 2013. Assumed interest rates are based upon rates in effect at December 31, 2013.

(f)
Primarily represents unconditional purchase commitments to purchase raw materials and tolling arrangements with outside vendors.

(g)
We have ongoing environmental liabilities for future remediation and operating and maintenance costs directly related to remediation. We estimate that the ongoing environmental liability could range up to $107 million. We have recorded a liability for ongoing environmental remediation of $93 million at December 31, 2013.

(h)
We have post-retirement health care plans that provide health and life insurance benefits to certain retired and active employees and their beneficiaries. These plans are generally not pre-funded and expenses are paid by us as incurred, with the exception of certain inactive government related plans that are paid from plan assets.

(i)
We have recorded a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $75 million at December 31, 2013 which do not reflect competent authority offsets of $31 million, which are reflected as assets in our balance of unrecognized tax benefits.

        During 2013, we made payments of $23 million and $2 million for operating leases and unconditional purchase obligations, respectively.

        We fund our defined benefit pension plans based on the minimum amounts required by law plus additional voluntary contribution amounts we deem appropriate. Estimated future funding requirements are highly dependent on factors that are not readily determinable. These include changes in legislation, returns earned on pension investments, labor negotiations and other factors related to assumptions regarding future liabilities. In 2013, we made contributions of $47 million to our domestic and international pension plans and $10 million to our post-retirement benefit plans (including payments made by us directly to plan participants). See "Critical Accounting Estimates" below for details regarding current pension assumptions. To the extent that current assumptions are not realized, actual funding requirements may be significantly different from those described below. The following table summarizes the estimated future funding requirements for defined benefit pension plans under current assumptions:

 
  Funding Requirements by Period(a)  
(In millions)
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018  

Qualified domestic pension plans

  $   $   $   $   $  

International and non-qualified pension plans

    26     12     13     13     13  
                       

Total pension plans

  $ 26   $ 12   $ 13   $ 13   $ 13  
                       
                       

(a)
Represents minimum amounts required by law or contractual obligations. We may elect to make additional discretionary contributions as deemed appropriate consistent with our past practice.

        In 2011, Chemtura Manufacturing UK Limited ("CMUK") entered into definitive agreements with the Trustees for the Great Lakes UK Limited Pension Plan (the "UK Pension Plan") which provide, among other things, for CMUK to make cash contributions of £60 million (approximately $95 million) in just over a three year period, with the initial contribution of £30 million ($49 million) made in the second quarter of 2011, the second contribution of £15 million ($24 million) made in the second quarter of 2012 and the third contribution of £8 million ($11 million) made in the second quarter of 2013. The final contribution of £8 million ($11 million) is expected to be made in the second quarter of 2014. The agreements also provided for the granting of both a security interest and a guarantee to support certain of the liabilities under the UK Pension Plan.

        There is also an evaluation being undertaken as to whether additional benefit obligations exist in connection with the equalization of certain benefits under the UK Pension Plan that occurred in the early 1990s. Based on the results of the evaluation in 2011, $8 million of expense was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2011, which may be subject to adjustment as further information is gathered as part of the evaluation. Additional information was gathered and evaluated during 2013 and resulted in a reduction of the estimated liability from that originally estimated. Accordingly we recorded $2 million of income to SG&A in the second quarter of 2013. When we reach final agreement with the trustees of the UK Pension Plan as to what additional benefit obligations exist, our UK subsidiary is required to make additional cash contributions to the UK Pension Plan.

        We have substantial U.S. net operating losses ("NOLs") as described in Note 9—Income Taxes to our Consolidated Financial Statements. While our utilization of these NOLs is subject to annual federal NOL limitations under Internal Revenue Code

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("IRC") Section 382, we expect they will substantially reduce the amount of U.S. cash tax payments we are required to make in the foreseeable future.

Other Sources and Uses of Cash

        We expect to finance our continuing operations and capital spending requirements for 2014 with cash flows provided by operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, the 2018 ABL Facility and China Bank Facility. We anticipate that a substantial portion of the proceeds from the sale of Consumer Products and potential sale of the Chemtura AgroSolutions business would be used to return capital to shareholders and continue to make important investments to strengthen and enable the continuing growth of the remaining businesses, as well as pay down debt to maintain pro-forma leverage. Our long-term stated total leverage target remains approximately 2X Adjusted EBITDA.

        Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2013 were $549 million, of which $317 million was held by Chemtura and our U.S. subsidiaries and $232 million was held by our direct or indirect foreign subsidiaries and consolidated joint ventures. The cash and cash equivalents of our foreign subsidiaries are used to fund seasonal working capital requirements, make cash contributions to various pension plans, fund capital expenditures, and make cash contributions to our foreign joint ventures, as warranted. In light of these cash requirements, we consider undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested in their operations.

        As of December 31, 2013, such undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries totaled $756 million. Repatriation of cash held by our foreign subsidiaries could be subject to adverse tax consequences given the potentially higher U.S. effective tax rates and withholding tax requirements in the source country. Estimating the range of tax liabilities that could arise from the repatriation of undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries is not practicable at this time.

Strategic Initiatives

        We continually review each of our businesses, individually and as part of our portfolio, to determine whether to continue in, consolidate, reorganize, exit or expand our businesses, operations or product lines. We have established strategic and financial criteria against which we assess whether to invest in the expansion of a business, operation or product line, as well as to determine which portfolio businesses may, at an appropriate time, be monetized. As part of these assessments, we also review our manufacturing and facility footprints to determine if we should consolidate or close facilities to optimize customer supply and reduce our unit product costs. Our review process also involves expanding businesses, investing in innovation and regional growth, expanding existing product lines and bringing new products to market or changing the way we do business.

        In 2013, we divested our Antioxidants and Consumer Products businesses. These were the two businesses in our portfolio that, in our judgment, were unlikely to meet the financial and strategic performance criteria we had set for our Company. These divestitures are expected to improve percentage margins, sales growth rates and increase focus on our chosen markets and regions. On October 10, 2013, we announced that our Board approved our exploration of a sale of our agrochemicals business, Chemtura AgroSolutions. The decision to explore a sale of Chemtura AgroSolutions is based on the belief that a sale may deliver substantially greater near-term value to our shareholders than retaining this segment in our portfolio. Should the sale occur, we will focus on creating additional value as a "pure-play" leader in the global development, marketing, manufacture and sale of industrial specialty chemicals based on our Industrial Engineered Products and Industrial Performance Products segments. There is no definitive timetable for the sale process and there can be no assurance that the process will result in a sale of the Chemtura AgroSolutions business.

        We are conducting an ongoing review of our manufacturing and facility footprint to determine if we should consolidate or close facilities to optimize customer supply and reduce our unit product costs. In December 2013, we substantially completed employee communications and the consultation process regarding the closure of our Droitwich, UK facility and consolidation of those operations into our Perth Amboy, NJ facility. It is anticipated that additional plant closures may be announced in the future as part of this footprint review process.

Guarantees

        In addition to the letters of credit of $14 million outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, we have guarantees that have been provided to various financial institutions. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had $12 million in guarantees. The letters of credit and guarantees were primarily related to liabilities for insurance obligations, environmental obligations, banking and credit facilities, vendor deposits and European value added tax ("VAT") obligations.

        We also had $2 million and $3 million of third party guarantees at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, for which we have reserved less than $1 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, which represented the fair value of these guarantees.

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        In addition, we have a financing agreement with a bank in Brazil for certain customers under which we receive funds from the bank at invoice date, and in turn, the customer agrees to pay the bank on the due date. We provide a full recourse guarantee to the bank in the event of customer non-payment.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

        Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP, which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts and disclosures reported in our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Accounting estimates and assumptions described in this section are those we consider to be the most critical to an understanding of our financial statements because they inherently involve significant judgments and uncertainties. For all of these estimates, we note that future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment. Actual results could differ from such estimates. The following discussion summarizes our critical accounting estimates. Significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements are discussed in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Carrying Value of Goodwill and Long-Lived Assets

        We have elected to perform our annual goodwill impairment procedures for all of our reporting units in accordance with ASC Subtopic 350-20, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Goodwill ("ASC 350-20") as of July 31, or sooner, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units utilizing income and market approaches through the application of discounted cash flow and market comparable methods (Level 3 inputs as described in Note 15—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements). The assessment is required to be performed in two steps: step one to test for a potential impairment of goodwill and, if potential impairments are identified, step two to measure the impairment loss through a full fair value allocation of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit utilizing the acquisition method of accounting.

        We continually monitor and evaluate business and competitive conditions that affect our operations and reflect the impact of these factors in our financial projections. If permanent or sustained changes in business or competitive conditions occur, they can lead to revised projections that could potentially give rise to impairment charges.

        We recorded asset impairment charges of $7 million and $47 million in 2013 and 2012, respectively to earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax and $4 million in 2011 to impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. See Note—3 Restructuring and Asset Impairment Activities in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental Matters

        We are involved in environmental matters of various types in a number of jurisdictions. A number of such matters involve claims for material amounts of damages and relate to or allege environmental liabilities, including cleanup costs associated with hazardous waste disposal sites and natural resource damages.

        Each quarter, we evaluate and review estimates for future remediation, operation and management costs directly related to remediation, to determine appropriate environmental reserve amounts. For each site where the cost of remediation is probable and reasonably estimable, we determine the specific measures that are believed to be required to remediate the site, the estimated total cost to carry out the remediation plan, the portion of the total remediation costs to be borne by us and the anticipated time frame over which payments toward the remediation plan will occur. At sites where we expect to incur ongoing operation and maintenance expenditures, we accrue on an undiscounted basis for a period of generally 10 years, those costs which are probable and reasonably estimable.

        As of December 31, 2013, our reserve for ongoing environmental remediation activities totaled $93 million. We estimate that ongoing environmental liabilities could range up to $107 million at December 31, 2013. Our ongoing reserves include estimates for determinable clean-up costs. At a number of these sites, the extent of contamination has not yet been fully investigated or the final scope of remediation is not yet determinable.

        In addition, it is possible that our estimates for environmental remediation liabilities may change in the future should additional sites be identified, further remediation measures be required or undertaken, current laws and regulations be modified or additional environmental laws and regulations be enacted.

        We intend to assert all meritorious legal defenses and will pursue other equitable factors that are available with respect to these matters. The resolution of environmental matters asserted against us could require us to pay remedial costs or damages, which are not currently determinable, that could exceed our present estimates, and as a result could have, either individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

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Pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits Expense

        Our calculation of pension and other post-retirement benefits expense is dependent on a number of assumptions. These assumptions include discount rates, health care cost trend rates, expected long-term rates of return on plan assets, mortality rates, expected salary and wage increases, and other relevant factors. Components of pension and other post-retirement benefits expense include interest and service costs on the pension and other post-retirement benefit plans, expected return on plan assets and amortization of certain unrecognized costs and obligations. Actual results that differ from the assumptions utilized are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect recognized expense and the recorded obligation in future periods. While we believe that the assumptions used are appropriate, differences in actual experience or significant changes in assumptions would affect our pension and other post-retirement benefits costs and obligations. See Note 13—Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

        Pension liabilities are measured on a discounted basis and the assumed discount rate is a significant assumption. At each measurement date, the discount rate is based on interest rates for high-quality, long-term corporate debt securities with maturities comparable to our liabilities. At December 31, 2013, we utilized a discount rate of 4.60% for our domestic qualified pension plan compared to 3.80% at December 31, 2012. For the international and non-qualified plans, a weighted average discount rate of 4.18% was used at December 31, 2013, compared to 4.03% used at December 31, 2012. As a sensitivity measure, a 25 basis point reduction in the discount rate for all plans would result in less than a million dollar decrease in pre-tax earnings for 2014.

        Domestic discount rates adopted at December 31, 2013 utilized an interest rate yield curve to determine the discount rate pursuant to guidance codified under ASC Topic 715, Defined Benefit Plans ("ASC 715"). The yield curve is comprised of AA bonds with maturities between zero and thirty years. We discounted the annual cash flows of our domestic pension plans using this yield curve and developed a single-point discount rate matching the respective plan's payout structure.

        A similar approach was used to determine the appropriate discount rates for the international plans. The actual method used varies from country to country depending on the amount of available information on bond yields to be able to estimate a single-point discount rate to match the respective plan's benefit disbursements.

        Our weighted average estimated rate of compensation increase was 2.96% for applicable domestic and international pension plans combined at December 31, 2013. As a sensitivity measure, an increase of 25 basis points in the estimated rate of compensation increase would decrease pre-tax earnings for 2014 by an immaterial amount.

        The expected return on pension plan assets is based on our investment strategy, historical experience, and expectations for long-term rates of return. We determine the expected rate of return on plan assets for the domestic and international pension plans by applying the expected returns on various asset classes to our target asset allocation.

        We utilized a weighted average expected long-term rate of return of 7.50% on all domestic plan assets and a weighted average rate of 6.53% for the international plan assets for 2013.

        Asset-class return expectations are set using a combination of historical and forward-looking analyses. Historical returns are evaluated based on an arithmetic average of annual returns derived from recognized passive indices, such as the S&P 500, for the major asset classes. We looked at the arithmetic averages of annual investment returns from passive indices, assuming a portfolio of investments that follow the current target asset allocation for the domestic plans over several business cycles, to obtain an indication of the long-term historical market performance. The historical return estimates that result for each asset class are reviewed and combined with a qualitative assessment of long-term relationships between asset classes before a return estimate is finalized. The qualitative analysis is targeted towards removing the effect of unsustainable short-term valuations or trends, or capturing structural changes that are not yet reflected in the historical data. The resulting capital market assumptions are meant to reflect return levels and behavior that are likely to prevail over longer time periods. The geometric return over the past 18 years, the maximum available period of time for the applicable indices, was 8.26%, and over the past 10 years it was 8.84%. Both of these values exceeded the 7.50% domestic expected return on assets for 2013.

        The actual annualized return on plan assets for the domestic plans for the 12 months ended December 31, 2013 was approximately 8.7% (net of investment expenses), which was above the expected return on asset assumption for the year. The international plans realized a weighted average return of approximately 8.4% in local currency terms and approximately 9.0% in U.S. dollar terms. Changes in exchange rates resulted in currency gains of approximately $3 million on plan assets, which were partially offset by currency losses of approximately $9 million on benefit obligations for the international pension arrangements.

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        Our target asset allocation for the domestic pension plans is based on investing 32% of plan assets in equity instruments, 58% of plan assets in fixed income investments and 10% in all other types of investments. At December 31, 2013, 24% of the portfolio was invested in equities, 60% in fixed income investments and 16% in real estate and other investments.

        We have unrecognized actuarial losses relating to our pension plans which have been included in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, but not in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. The extent to which these unrecognized actuarial losses will impact future pre-tax earnings depends on whether the unrecognized actuarial losses are deferred through the asset-smoothing mechanism (the market related value as defined by ASC Topic 715-30, Defined Benefit Plans—Pensions ("ASC 715-30")), or through amortization in pre-tax earnings to the extent that they exceed a 10% amortization corridor, as defined by ASC 715-30, which provides for amortization over the average remaining participant career or life. The amortization of unrecognized net losses existing as of December 31, 2013 will result in a $14 million decrease to pre-tax earnings for 2014 ($10 million for the qualified domestic plans and $4 million for the international and non-qualified plans). Since future gains and losses beyond 2013 are a result of various factors described herein, it is not possible to predict with certainty to what extent the combination of current and future losses may exceed the 10 percent amortization corridor and thereby be subject to further amortization. At the end of 2013, unrecognized net losses amounted to $219 million for the qualified domestic plans and $120 million for the international and non-qualified plans. Of these amounts, $27 million of unrecognized gains for the domestic plans and $12 million of unrecognized losses for the international plans are deferred through the asset smoothing mechanism as required by ASC 715.

        The pre-tax pension expense for all pension plans was $5 million in 2013, which included $1 million related to loss from discontinued operations. Pension (income) expense is calculated based upon certain assumptions including discount rate, expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, mortality rates and expected salary and wage increases. Actual results that differ from the current assumptions utilized are accumulated and amortized over future periods and will affect pension expense in future periods.

        In addition to the pre-tax pension expense noted above, we recorded a $40 million settlement loss related to the divestiture of our Antioxidants business in April 2013 and a $2 million settlement gain related to the divestiture of our Consumer Products business in December 2013, which were included in loss on sale of discontinued operations. In the second quarter of 2013 we also recorded a gain related to an adjustment for a legacy pension plan of $2 million to SG&A and $4 million to loss from discontinued operations on our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

        The following table estimates the future pension expense, based upon current assumptions:

 
  Pension Expense (Income) By Year  
(In millions)
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018  

Qualified domestic pension plans

  $ (3 ) $ (6 ) $ (8 ) $ (10 ) $ (11 )

International and non-qualified pension plans

    1     (1 )   (2 )   (4 )   (6 )
                       

Total pension plans

  $ (2 ) $ (7 ) $ (10 ) $ (14 ) $ (17 )
                       
                       

        The following tables show the impact of a 100 basis point change in the actual return on assets on the pension (income) expense.

 
  Change in Pension Expense (Income) By Year  
Increase (decrease)
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018  

    100 Basis Point Increase in Investment Returns  

Qualified domestic pension plans

  $   $   $   $ (1 ) $ (1 )

International and non-qualified pension plans

            (1 )   (1 )   (2 )
                       

Total pension plans

  $   $   $ (1 ) $ (2 ) $ (3 )
                       
                       

   
100 Basis Point
Decrease in Investment Returns
 

Qualified domestic pension plans

  $   $   $   $ 1   $ 1  

International and non-qualified pension plans

            1     1     2  
                       

Total pension plans

  $   $   $ 1   $ 2   $ 3  
                       
                       

        We provide post-retirement health and life insurance benefits for current retired and active employees and their beneficiaries and covered dependents for certain domestic and international employee groups.

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        The discount rates we adopted for the valuation of the post-retirement health care plans were determined using the same methodology as for the pension plans. At December 31, 2013, we utilized a weighted average discount rate of 4.35% for post-retirement health care plans, compared to 3.56% at December 31, 2012. As a sensitivity measure, a 25 basis point reduction in the discount rate would result in an immaterial change in pre-tax earnings for 2014.

        Assumed health care cost trend rates are based on past and current health care cost trends, considering such factors as health care inflation, changes in health care utilization or delivery patterns, technological advances, and the overall health of plan participants. We use health care trend cost rates starting with a weighted average initial level of 6.00% for the domestic arrangements and grading down to an ultimate level of 5%. For the international arrangements, the weighted average initial rate is 7.50%, grading down to 5%.

        The pre-tax post-retirement healthcare expense was $1 million in 2013. The following table summarizes projected post-retirement benefit expense based upon the various assumptions discussed above.

 
  Pre-Tax Expense by Year  
(In millions)
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018  

Domestic and international post-retirement benefit plans

  $ 1   $ 1   $ 1   $ 1   $ 1  
                       
                       

Income Taxes

        Income taxes payable reflect our current tax provision and management's best estimate of the current tax liability relating to the outcome of uncertain tax positions. If the actual outcome of uncertain tax positions differs from our best estimates, an adjustment to income taxes payable could be required, which may result in additional income tax expense or benefit.

        We record deferred tax assets and liabilities based on differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which the deferred tax liability or asset is expected to be settled or realized. We also record deferred tax assets for the expected future tax benefits of net operating losses and income tax credit carryforwards.

        Valuation allowances are established when we determine that it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will not generate sufficient taxable income to realize our deferred tax assets. We consider the scheduled reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Thus, changes in future results of operations could result in adjustments to our valuation allowances.

        We anticipate that we will repatriate the undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we increased by $18 million, the amount of the net deferred tax liability we provide for the U.S. tax consequences of these repatriations. In 2013, this increase has been offset by an equal increase to our foreign tax credits, and, as such, had no effect on tax expense recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We consider undistributed earnings of all other foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested in their operations. At December 31, 2013, such undistributed earnings deemed to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations amounted to $756 million. Repatriation of undistributed earnings, currently deemed indefinitely reinvested, would require us to accrue and pay taxes in the future. Estimating the tax liability that would arise if these earnings were repatriated is not practicable at this time.

        We file income tax returns in the U.S (including federal and state) and foreign jurisdictions. The income tax returns for our entities taxable in the U.S. and significant foreign jurisdictions are open for examination and adjustment. We assess our income tax positions and record a liability for all years open to examination based upon our evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. The economic benefit associated with a tax position will only be recognized if it is more likely than not that a tax position ultimately will be sustained. We adjust these liabilities, if necessary, upon the completion of tax audits or changes in tax law.

        We have a liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $44 million and $41 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. This increase is primarily related to settlements of tax audits in various foreign jurisdictions.

ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS

        For information on accounting developments, see Note 1—Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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OUTLOOK

        In 2014, we target to grow revenues, expand profitability margins and improve cash flows through our focus on growth from innovation and the faster growing regions as well as continuous improvement actions to reduce operating costs. We will quickly eliminate the stranded costs associated with the Consumer Products business. All of these actions are designed to deliver value to our shareholders and contribute to improving our return on invested capital. In the first half of 2014, we expect to determine whether we shall divest our Chemtura AgroSolutions business.

        We are targeting 8%-10% growth in net sales from continuing operations in 2014. Profitability is expected to grow more quickly, benefiting from margin improvement actions, cost reductions and the elimination of stranded costs associated with our Consumer Products business (excluding the impact of any project expenses incurred in the process of exploring the sale of Chemtura AgroSolutions or facility closure or severance expenses).

        Despite our divestitures in 2013, cash provided by operations is expected to increase as a result of profitability improvement and lower interest expense due to the refinancing actions in 2013 and the $110 million repayment in January 2014 of the Term Loan with proceeds from the divestiture of our Consumer Products business. Capital spending in 2014 will reduce to an amount between $115 million and $125 million compared to the $159 million invested in continuing operations in 2013. We expect to use the remaining net cash proceeds from the divestiture of our Consumer Products business to finance the stock repurchase activities approved by our Board of Directors.

Forward-Looking Statements

        In addition to historical information, this Report contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended and Section 21(e) of the Exchange Act of 1934 as amended. We use words such as "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "estimate," "expect," "continue," "should," "could," "may," "plan," "project," "predict," "will" and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements include, among others, those concerning our expected financial performance and strategic and operational plans, as well as all assumptions, expectations, predictions, intentions or beliefs about future events. You are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that a number of risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements.

        Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to:

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        These statements are based on our estimates and assumptions and on currently available information. The forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations, and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed. Forward-looking information is intended to reflect opinions as of the date this Form 10-K was filed. We undertake no duty to update any forward-looking statements to conform the statements to actual results or changes in our operations.

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Item 7A:    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

        Our activities expose our earnings, cash flows and financial condition to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy prices. We have short-term exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulting from transactions entered into by us and our foreign subsidiaries in currencies other than their local currency (primarily trade payables and receivables). We are also exposed to currency risk on intercompany transactions (including intercompany loans).

        The primary currencies to which we have foreign currency exchange rate exposure are the European Union Euro, Canadian Dollar, British Pound Sterling, Taiwanese Dollar, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, Brazilian Real and the U.S. Dollar (in certain of our foreign locations). In response to greater fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in recent periods, we have increased the degree of exposure risk management activities to minimize the potential impact on earnings.

        We manage our foreign currency exposures by balancing certain assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies and through the use from time to time of foreign currency forward contracts and other foreign currency options. The principal objective of such contracts is to minimize the risks and/or costs associated with global operating activities. The counterparties to these contractual agreements are major financial institutions with which we generally have other financial relationships. We are exposed to credit loss in the event of non-performance by these counterparties. However, we do not anticipate non-performance by the counterparties. We do not utilize financial instruments for trading or other speculative purposes.

        The primary method we use to reduce foreign currency exposure is to identify natural hedges, in which the operating activities denominated in respective currencies across various subsidiaries balance in respect to timing and the underlying exposures. In the event a natural hedge is not available, we may employ a forward contract or other option to reduce exposure, generally expiring within one year. While these contracts are subject to fluctuations in value, such fluctuations are generally offset by the value of the underlying exposures being hedged. Gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts are recognized currently in income but do not have a significant impact on results of operations.

        Our financial instruments, subject to foreign currency exchange risk, consist of one forward currency forward contract with a total notional amount of $13 million, due in April 2014. This contract limits our risk to changes in the Euro through that period and represents a net asset position of less than $1 million at December 31, 2013. We conducted sensitivity analysis on the fair value of our foreign currency hedge portfolio assuming an instantaneous 10% change in the Euro from its value as of December 31, 2013, with all other variables held constant. A 10% increase in the Euro against the U.S. Dollar would result in an increase of $1 million in the fair value of this contract. The sensitivity in fair value of this contract represents changes in fair values estimated based on market conditions as of December 31, 2013, without reflecting the underlying monetary exposures the portfolio is hedging. The effect of exchange movements on those anticipated transactions would be expected to mitigate the impacts implied by our sensitivity analysis.

        The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. The table presents principal cash flows and related weighted-average interest rates by stated maturity date for our debt. Weighted-average variable interest rates are based on the applicable floating rate index as of December 31, 2013.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

(In millions)
  2014   2015   2016   2017   2018   2019 and
Thereafter
  Total   Fair Value
at 12/31/13
 

Total debt:

                                                 

Fixed rate debt

  $ 1   $ 1   $ 1   $ 1   $ 102   $ 451   $ 557   $ 571  

Average interest rate

    6.13 %   6.13 %   6.13 %   6.13 %   6.14 %   5.75 %            

Variable rate debt

  $ 117   $ 10   $ 212   $ 1   $ 1   $   $ 341   $ 342  

Average interest rate(a)

    3.68 %   3.66 %   3.56 %   4.92 %   4.92 %                  

(a)
Average interest rate is based on rates in effect at December 31, 2013.

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Item 8:    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data


CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(In millions, except per share data)

 
  2013   2012   2011  

NET SALES

  $ 2,231   $ 2,196   $ 2,184  

COSTS AND EXPENSES

                   

Cost of goods sold

    1,721     1,615     1,626  

Selling, general and administrative

    229     245     269  

Depreciation and amortization

    101     100     103  

Research and development

    40     41     36  

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    42     11     3  

Gain on sale of business

            (27 )

Impairment charges

            4  

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

        1     3  

Equity loss

        4     1  
               

OPERATING INCOME

    98     179     166  

Interest expense

    (60 )   (64 )   (63 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (50 )   (1 )    

Other income, net

    9     20     1  

Reorganization items, net

    (1 )   (5 )   (19 )
               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    (4 )   129     85  

Income tax expense

    (18 )   (26 )   (17 )
               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations

    (22 )   103     68  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25     (3 )   52  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )        
               

Net (loss) earnings

    (177 )   100     120  

Less: net loss (earnings) attributable to non-controlling interests

        1     (1 )
               

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119  
               
               

BASIC AND DILUTED PER SHARE INFORMATION—ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA:

                   

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (0.23 ) $ 1.04   $ 0.68  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    0.26     (0.02 )   0.51  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (1.84 )        
               

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (1.81 ) $ 1.02   $ 1.19  
               
               

Basic weighted—average shares outstanding

    97.7     98.2     100.1  
               
               

Diluted weighted—average shares outstanding

    97.7     98.8     100.3  
               
               

AMOUNTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA STOCKHOLDERS:

                   

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (22 ) $ 103   $ 68  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25     (2 )   51  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )        
               

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ 101   $ 119  
               
               

   

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(In millions)

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Net (loss) earnings

  $ (177 ) $ 100   $ 120  

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

                   

Foreign currency translation adjustments

    (60 )   (6 )   (35 )

Unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs

    208     (76 )   (35 )
               

Comprehensive (loss) income

    (29 )   18     50  

Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to the non-controlling interest

        1     (1 )
               

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Chemtura

  $ (29 ) $ 19   $ 49  
               
               

   

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

As of December 31, 2013 and 2012

(In millions, except par value data)

 
  2013   2012  

ASSETS

             

CURRENT ASSETS

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 549   $ 363  

Accounts receivable

    361     345  

Inventories

    415     398  

Other current assets

    158     123  

Assets held for sale

    4      

Current assets of discontinued operations

        383  
           

Total current assets

    1,487     1,612  

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

             

Property, plant and equipment

    724     655  

Goodwill

    179     177  

Intangible assets, net

    142     146  

Other assets

    172     169  

Non-current assets of discontinued operations

        271  
           

Total Assets

  $ 2,704   $ 3,030  
           
           

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

             

CURRENT LIABILITIES

             

Short-term borrowings

  $ 117   $ 5  

Accounts payable

    172     152  

Accrued expenses

    189     178  

Income taxes payable

    6     8  

Liabilities held for sale

    2      

Current liabilities of discontinued operations

        168  
           

Total current liabilities

    486     511  

NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES

             

Long-term debt

    781     871  

Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities

    246     386  

Other liabilities

    192     109  

Non-current liabilities of discontinued operations

        85  
           

Total liabilities

    1,705     1,962  
           

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

             

Common stock—$.01 par value, authorized—500.0 shares, issued—100.5 shares in 2013 and 100.4 shares in 2012

    1     1  

Additional paid-in capital

    4,375     4,366  

Accumulated deficit

    (3,025 )   (2,848 )

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

    (280 )   (428 )

Treasury stock at cost—4.0 shares in 2013 and 2.4 shares in 2012

    (73 )   (30 )
           

Total Chemtura stockholders' equity

    998     1,061  

Non-controlling interests—continuing operations

    1      

Non-controlling interests—discontinued operations

        7  
           

Total Non-controlling interests

    1     7  
           

Total stockholders' equity

    999     1,068  
           

Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity

  $ 2,704   $ 3,030  
           
           

   

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(In millions)

Increase (decrease) in cash
  2013   2012   2011  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                   

Net (loss) earnings

  $ (177 ) $ 100   $ 120  

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:

   
 
   
 
   
 
 

Loss on sale of discontinued operations

    180          

Gain on sale of business

            (27 )

Impairment charges

    7     47     4  

Release of translation adjustment from liquidation of entities

    (13 )   (21 )    

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    50     1      

Depreciation and amortization

    123     139     140  

Stock-based compensation expense

    14     24     26  

Reorganization items, net

        1     2  

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

        1     3  

Provision for doubtful accounts

    1     1     7  

Equity income

    (2 )   (3 )   (3 )

Deferred taxes

    1     3     (6 )

Changes in assets and liabilities, net:

                   

Accounts receivable

    (20 )   (8 )   13  

Inventories

    (13 )   (1 )   (24 )

Other current assets

    (14 )   (4 )   38  

Other assets

    (18 )       3  

Accounts payable

    20     30     (11 )

Accrued expenses

    (18 )   (3 )   (39 )

Income taxes payable

    5     (14 )   5  

Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities

    (59 )   (79 )   (82 )

Liabilities subject to compromise

            (8 )

Other liabilities

    15     1     25  

Other

    (3 )   3     (4 )
               

Net cash provided by operating activities

    79     218     182  
               

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                   

Proceeds from divestments, net

    357     9     8  

Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

    (3 )       (35 )

Capital expenditures

    (170 )   (149 )   (154 )
               

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

    184     (140 )   (181 )
               

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                   

Proceeds from 2021 Senior Notes

    450          

Payments on 2018 Senior Notes, includes premium on tendering of notes

    (396 )        

(Payments on) proceeds from Term Loan

    (102 )   125      

Proceeds from other long term borrowings

    31          

Payments on other long term borrowings

    (4 )        

(Payments on) proceeds from other short term borrowings, net

    (1 )   (3 )   3  

Payments for debt issuance and refinancing costs

    (12 )   (2 )    

Common shares acquired

    (54 )   (20 )   (22 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    8     5     1  
               

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

    (80 )   105     (18 )
               

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

                   

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

    1     2     (4 )
               

Change in cash and cash equivalents

    184     185     (21 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

    365     180     201  
               

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $ 549   $ 365   $ 180  
               
               

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year—Continuing operations

  $ 549   $ 363   $ 179  
               
               

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year—Discontinued operations

  $   $ 2   $ 1  
               
               

   

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

Years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011

(In millions)

 
  Common
Shares
Issued
  Treasury
Shares
  Common
Stock
  Additional
Paid-in
Capital
  Accumulated
Deficit
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss
  Treasury
Stock
  Non
Controlling
Interests
  Total  

Balance, January 1, 2011

    95.6       $ 1   $ 4,305   $ (3,068 ) $ (276 ) $   $ 9   $ 971  

Net earnings

                            119                 1     120  

Equity adjustment for translation of foreign currencies

                                  (35 )               (35 )

Unrecognized pension and post-retirement plan costs, net of deferred tax expense of $1

                                  (35 )               (35 )

Issuance of reorganized Chemtura common stock

    2.4                 19                             19  

Dividends attributable to the non-controlling interest

                                              (1 )   (1 )

Stock-based compensation

                      29                             29  

Common shares acquired

          2.0                             (22 )         (22 )

Other issuances

    0.3                                                
                                       

Balance, December 31, 2011

    98.3     2.0     1     4,353     (2,949 )   (346 )   (22 )   9     1,046  

Net earnings

                            101                 (1 )   100  

Equity adjustment for translation of foreign currencies

                                  (6 )               (6 )

Unrecognized pension and post-retirement plan costs, net of deferred tax expense of $14 million

                                  (76 )               (76 )

Issuance of reorganized Chemtura common stock

    2.1                 1                             1  

Dividends attributable to the non-controlling interest

                                              (1 )   (1 )

Stock-based compensation

                      24                             24  

Stock options exercised

          (0.3 )         1                 4           5  

Common shares acquired

          1.4                             (20 )         (20 )

Other issuances

        (0.7 )         (13 )               8           (5 )
                                       

Balance, December 31, 2012

    100.4     2.4     1     4,366     (2,848 )   (428 )   (30 )   7     1,068  

Net loss

                            (177 )                   (177 )

Equity adjustment for translation of foreign currencies

                                  (60 )               (60 )

Unrecognized pension and post-retirement plan costs, net of deferred tax benefit of $16 million

                                  208                 208  

Divestiture

                                              (6 )   (6 )

Stock-based compensation

                      14                             14  

Stock options exercised

          (0.5 )         1                 7           8  

Common shares acquired

          2.4                             (54 )         (54 )

Other issuances

    0.1     (0.3 )         (6 )               4           (2 )
                                       

Balance, December 31, 2013

    100.5     4.0   $ 1   $ 4,375   $ (3,025 ) $ (280 ) $ (73 ) $ 1   $ 999  
                                       
                                       

   

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Operations

        Chemtura Corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries is dedicated to delivering innovative, application-focused specialty chemical. Our corporate headquarters is located at 1818 Market Street, Suite 3700, Philadelphia, PA 19103. Our principal executive offices are located at 1818 Market Street, Suite 3700, Philadelphia, PA 19103 and at 199 Benson Road, Middlebury, CT 06749. We operate in a wide variety of end-use industries, including agriculture, automotive, construction, electronics, lubricants, packaging, plastics for durable and non-durable goods, and transportation.

        When we use the terms "Corporation," "Company," "Chemtura," "Registrant," "We," "Us" and "Our," unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, we are referring to Chemtura Corporation and our consolidated subsidiaries.

        We are the successor to Crompton & Knowles Corporation ("Crompton & Knowles"), which was incorporated in Massachusetts in 1900 and engaged in the manufacture and sale of specialty chemicals beginning in 1954. Crompton & Knowles traces its roots to the Crompton Loom Works incorporated in the 1840s. We expanded the specialty chemical business through acquisitions in the United States and Europe, including the 1996 acquisition of Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. ("Uniroyal"), the 1999 merger with Witco Corporation ("Witco") and the 2005 acquisition of Great Lakes Chemical Corporation ("Great Lakes"). Since the Great Lakes acquisition, we have progressively focused our portfolio, divesting businesses that did not fit with the strategic criteria we have established for our portfolio. Recent divestitures include our antioxidants and UV stabilizers ("Antioxidant") and Consumer Products businesses during 2013.

Basis of Presentation

        The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Chemtura and our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries that we control. Other affiliates in which we have a 20% to 50% ownership interest or a non-controlling majority interest are accounted for in accordance with the equity method. Other investments in which we have less than 20% ownership are recorded at cost. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

        Our Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

        Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year's presentation. These changes did not have a material impact on previously reported results of operations, cash flows or financial position.

        We operated as a debtor-in-possession ("DIP") under the protection of the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the "Bankruptcy Court") from March 18, 2009 (the "Petition Date") through November 10, 2010 (the "Effective Date"). From the Petition Date through the Effective Date, our Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Section 852-10-45, Reorganizations—Other Presentation Matters ("ASC 852-10-45") which requires that financial statements, for periods during the pendency of our voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code (the "Chapter 11") filings, distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, certain income, expenses, realized gains and losses and expenses for losses that were realized or incurred in the Chapter 11 cases were recorded in Reorganization items, net in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. In connection with our emergence from Chapter 11 on November 10, 2010, we recorded certain "plan effect" adjustments to our Consolidated Financial Statements as of the Effective Date in order to reflect certain expenses of our plan of reorganization (the "Plan"). As of December 31, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court has entered orders granting final decrees closing all of the Debtors' Chapter 11 cases except the Chapter 11 case of Chemtura Corporation. See Note 17—Emergence from Chapter 11 for a further discussion.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Accounting Policies

        Substantially all of our revenues are derived from the sale of products. Revenue is recognized when risk of loss and title to the product is transferred to the customer. Revenue is recorded net of taxes collected from customers that are remitted to governmental authorities with the collected taxes recorded as current liabilities until remitted to the respective governmental authorities. Our products are sold subject to various shipping terms. Our terms of delivery are included on our sales invoices and order confirmation documents.

        We accrue for the estimated cost of customer rebates as a reduction of sales. Customer rebates are primarily based on customers achieving defined sales targets over a specified period of time. We estimate the cost of these rebates based on the likelihood of the rebate being achieved and recognize the cost as a deduction from sales when such sales are recognized. Rebate programs are monitored on a regular basis and adjusted as required. Our accruals for customer rebates were $10 million and $14 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Customer rebates are included as a reduction to accounts receivable on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        Cost of goods sold ("COGS") includes all costs incurred in manufacturing goods, including raw materials, direct manufacturing costs and manufacturing overhead. COGS also includes warehousing, distribution, engineering, purchasing, customer service, environmental, health and safety functions, and shipping and handling costs for outbound product shipments. Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses include costs and expenses related to the following functions and activities: selling, advertising, legal, provision for doubtful accounts, corporate facilities and corporate administration. SG&A also includes accounting, information technology, finance and human resources, excluding direct support in manufacturing operations, which is included as COGS. Research and development ("R&D") expenses include basic and applied research and development activities of a technical and non-routine nature. R&D costs are expensed as incurred. COGS, SG&A and R&D expenses exclude depreciation and amortization expenses which are presented on a separate line in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

        Other income (expense), net includes:

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Foreign exchange loss

  $ (7 ) $ (6 ) $ (2 )

Interest income

    3     5     3  

Release of cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments from liquidation of entities

    13     21      
               

  $ 9   $ 20   $ 1  
               
               

        Included in accounts receivable are allowances for doubtful accounts in the amount of $11 million in 2013 and 2012. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects a reserve representing our estimate of the amounts that may not be collectible. In addition to reviewing delinquent accounts receivable, we consider many factors in estimating our reserves, including historical data, experience, customer types, credit worthiness, and economic trends. From time to time, we may adjust our assumptions for anticipated changes in any of these or other factors expected to affect collection.

        Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out ("FIFO") method.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is principally computed on the straight-line method using the following ranges of asset lives: land improvements—3 to 20 years; buildings and improvements—2 to 40 years; machinery and equipment—2 to 25 years; information systems and equipment—2 to 10 years; and furniture, fixtures and other—1 to 10 years. See Note 5—Property, Plant and Equipment for further information.

        Renewals and improvements that significantly extend the useful lives of the assets are capitalized. Capitalized leased assets and leasehold improvements are depreciated over the shorter of their useful lives or the remaining lease term. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

        Patents, trademarks and other intangibles assets are being amortized principally on a straight-line basis using the following ranges for their estimated useful lives: patents—5 to 20 years; trademarks—6 to 40 years; customer relationships—15 to 30 years; production rights—10 years; and other intangibles—5 to 50 years. See Note 6—Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further information.

        We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of long-lived assets, excluding goodwill, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Under such circumstances, we assess whether the projected undiscounted cash flows of our long-lived assets are sufficient to recover the existing unamortized cost of our long-lived assets. If the undiscounted projected cash flows are not sufficient, we calculate the impairment amount by discounting the projected cash flows using our weighted-average cost of capital. The amount of the impairment is written off against earnings in the period in which the impairment is determined.

        We evaluate the recoverability of the carrying value of goodwill on an annual basis as of July 31, or when events occur or circumstances change. See Note 6—Goodwill and Intangible Assets for further details.

        We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted rates. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

        We recognize the financial statement effects of an uncertain income tax position when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits, that the position will be sustained upon examination. We accrue for other tax contingencies when it is probable that a liability to a taxing authority has been incurred and the amount of the contingency can be reasonably estimated.

        Provision is made for taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries and related companies to the extent that such earnings are not deemed to be indefinitely reinvested.

        Each quarter, we evaluate and review our estimates for future remediation, operation and management costs directly related to environmental remediation, to determine appropriate environmental reserve amounts. For each site where the cost of remediation is probable and reasonably estimable, we determine the specific measures that are believed to be required to remediate the site, the estimated total cost to carry out the remediation plan, the portion of the total remediation costs to be borne by us and the anticipated time frame over which payments to implement the remediation plan will occur. At sites where we expect to incur ongoing operations and maintenance expenditures, we accrue on an undiscounted basis, for a period of generally 10 years, those costs which are probable and reasonably estimable.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        In accordance with guidance now codified under ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, we record in our Consolidated Financial Statements amounts representing our probable and reasonably estimable liability for claims, litigation and guarantees. As information about current or future litigation or other contingencies becomes available, management assesses whether such information warrants the recording of additional expenses relating to those contingencies. See Note 18—Legal Proceedings and Contingencies for further information.

        We recognize compensation expense for stock-based awards issued over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche, as if multiple awards were granted. Stock-based compensation expense is measured at the date of grant, based on the fair value of the award. Stock-based compensation expense recognized was $14 million, $24 million, and $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        Balance sheet accounts denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the current rate of exchange as of the balance sheet date, while revenues and expenses are translated at average rates of exchange during the periods presented. The cumulative foreign currency adjustments resulting from such translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Upon complete or substantial liquidation of any of our subsidiaries, the value of the cumulative translation adjustment of such subsidiaries prior to their liquidation is reported in net earnings.

        Cash and cash equivalents include bank term deposits with original maturities of three months or less.

        In 2012, we settled approximately $5 million in cash relating to our Chapter 11 cases. The $5 million paid in 2012, was paid from restricted cash. Additionally, in 2012 we issued approximately $26 million of common stock for the settlement of liabilities in accordance with the Plan.

        Cash payments included interest payments of $57 million in 2013, $58 million in 2012 and $57 million in 2011. Cash payments also included income tax payments, net of refunds of $21 million in 2013, $45 million in 2012 and $16 million in 2011.

Accounting Developments

        In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("ASU 2013-02"). The guidance in ASU 2013-02 requires an organization to present the effects on the line items of net income of significant amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income, but only if the item reclassified is required under GAAP to be reclassified to net income in its entirety in the same reporting period. The guidance in ASU 2013-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2012. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our results of operations of financial position because it only provides for enhanced disclosure requirements. Accordingly, we have included the enhanced footnote disclosure (see Note 11—Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss).

        In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-05, Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity ("ASU" 2013-05"). The amendments in ASU 2013-05 address the accounting for the cumulative translation adjustment when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets that is a nonprofit activity or a business within a foreign entity. The amendments are effective prospectively for fiscal years (and interim reporting periods within those years) beginning after December 15, 2013 (early adoption is permitted). We do not anticipate the adoption of this amendment will have a material impact on our financial statements.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

1) NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

        In July 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-11, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists, providing guidance on the presentation of unrecognized tax benefits in the financial statements as either a reduction to a deferred tax asset or either a liability to better reflect the manner in which an entity would settle at the reporting date any additional income taxes that would result from the disallowance of a tax position when net operating loss carryforwards, similar tax losses or tax credit carryforwards exist. The amendments in this ASU do not require new recurring disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively to all unrecognized tax benefits that exist at the effective date. We do not expect the adoption of the amendments in this ASU will have a significant impact on our financial statements.

Risks and Uncertainties

        Our revenues are largely dependent on the continued operation of our manufacturing facilities. There are many risks involved in operating chemical manufacturing plants, including the breakdown, failure or substandard performance of equipment, operating errors, natural disasters, the need to comply with directives of, and maintain all necessary permits from, government agencies as well as potential terrorist attacks. Our operations can be adversely affected by raw material shortages, labor force shortages or work stoppages and events impeding or increasing the cost of transporting our raw materials and finished products. The occurrence of material operational problems, including but not limited to the events described above, may have a material adverse effect on the productivity and profitability of a particular manufacturing facility. With respect to certain facilities, such events could have a material effect on Chemtura as a whole.

        Our operations are also subject to various hazards incident to the production of industrial chemicals. These include the use, handling, processing, storage and transportation of certain hazardous materials. Under certain circumstances, these hazards could cause personal injury and loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and equipment, environmental damage and suspension of operations. Claims arising from any future catastrophic occurrence at any one of our facilities may result in us being named as a defendant in lawsuits asserting potential claims.

        We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers' financial condition including an assessment of the impact, if any, of prevailing economic conditions. We generally do not require collateral from our customers. We are exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by counterparties on derivative instruments when utilized. The counterparties to these transactions are major financial institutions, which may be adversely affected by global economic impacts. However, we consider the risk of default to be minimal.

        International operations are subject to various risks which may or may not be present in U.S. operations. These risks include political instability, the possibility of expropriation, restrictions on dividends and remittances, instabilities of currencies, requirements for governmental approvals for new ventures and local participation in operations such as local equity ownership and workers' councils. Currency fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which we conduct business have caused and will continue to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses, which may be material. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our international operations.

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

Acquisitions

        On September 26, 2012, we announced that we entered into a Business Transfer Agreement ("BTA") with Solaris ChemTech Industries Limited ("Solaris ChemTech"), an Indian Company, and Avantha Holdings Limited, an Indian Company and the parent company of Solaris ChemTech (collectively, "Solaris"). As provided in the BTA, we have agreed to purchase from Solaris certain assets used in the manufacture and distribution of bromine and bromine chemicals for cash consideration of $142 million and the assumption of certain liabilities. The purchase price is subject to a post-closing net working capital adjustment. The transaction is subject to, among other things, receiving governmental approval for the transfer of rights to the brine resources from which bromine is extracted and is expected to close upon receipt of those approvals, the date of which is not yet known. The parties continue to explore whether there may be an alternative transaction structure to permit a closing of the transaction. However, as of this date, the parties have not yet developed an approach that they can implement.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES (Continued)

        On February 1, 2011, we announced the formation of DayStar Materials, LLC ("Daystar"), a joint venture with UP Chemical Co. Ltd. ("UP Chemical") that will manufacture and sell high purity metal organic precursors for the rapidly growing LED market in our Industrial Engineered Products segment. DayStar was a 50/50 joint venture and was being accounted for as an equity method investment. We made cash contributions of $6 million in 2011 in accordance with the joint venture agreement.

        On May 15, 2013, we purchased the remaining 50% interest in DayStar from our partner UP Chemical and DayStar became a consolidated entity. The purchase price was $3 million in cash which approximated the fair value of the remaining share of the assets and liabilities, primarily inventory and fixed assets, as of the purchase date. In addition, we reimbursed UP Chemical for a $3 million loan they had made to DayStar.

        On January 26, 2011, we announced the formation of ISEM S.r.l. ("ISEM"), a strategic research and development alliance with Isagro S.p.A., which would provide us access to two commercialized products and accelerate the development and commercialization of new active ingredients and molecules related to our Chemtura AgroSolutions segment. ISEM is a 50/50 joint venture between us and Isagro S.p.A. and is being accounted for as an equity method investment. Our investment in the joint venture was €20 million ($29 million) which was made in January 2011.

        During 2013, ISEM sold, in two separate transactions, its two product lines for a sum of €38 million ($51 million). We received a return of capital of €15 million ($20 million) and €2 million ($3 million) as a full repayment of a shareholder loan during 2013. The joint venture currently holds accounts receivable, inventory and other administrative and tax accruals. We anticipate the dissolution of this joint venture in 2014, at which time the remaining proceeds will be distributed to the partners.

Discontinued Operations

        In October 2013, we entered into a stock purchase agreement to sell our investment in the dedicated legal entities that constituted our Consumer Products business, including dedicated manufacturing plants in the U.S. and South Africa, to KIK Customer Products Inc. ("KIK") for $315 million in cash at closing. On December 31, 2013, we entered into an amendment to the stock purchase agreement, among other matters, to reduce the purchase price by $15 million reflecting the resolution of certain pre-closing matters, and completed the sale of the Consumer Products business for an adjusted purchase price of $300 million and the assumption by KIK of pension and other liabilities totaling approximately $8 million. The purchase price is subject to customary post-closing adjustments, primarily for working capital and assumed pension liabilities. The agreement specified a value of working capital based upon a twelve-month average against which working capital would be measured. To the extent working capital at closing was lower than this value, KIK would be compensated for the difference. If working capital was higher, we would be compensated. The impact of some of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing and a final reconciliation will occur in the first half of 2014.

        We recognized a pre-tax loss of $24 million ($25 million after-tax loss), which included a $39 million non-cash gain related to the release of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") associated with the release of cumulative translation adjustments of the entities sold and the pension obligations transferred.

        In connection with the sale we entered into a transition service agreement and supply contact with KIK to supply products from our Adrian, MI facility. Under the terms of the supply contract, KIK has the option, exercisable for a period of six-months following the closing date, to purchase the net assets of the Adrian facility at a price that is below the carrying value of the net assets. Accordingly, we concluded the net assets of the Adrian facility met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale and we recorded an impairment charge in December 2013 of $7 million to write-down the property, plant and equipment to its fair value less costs to sell.

        While the transaction represented the sale of stock in the dedicated legal entities that constituted the Consumer Products business, the below chart presents the underlying assets and liabilities of those legal entities as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations. Earnings and direct costs associated with our Consumer Products business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for the current and comparative periods. All applicable disclosures included in the accompanying footnotes have been updated to reflect the Consumer Products business as a discontinued operation.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES (Continued)

(In millions)
  December 31, 2013   2012  

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 13   $  

Accounts receivable

    55     60  

Inventories

    64     70  

Current domestic tax assets reversed upon sale

    7     7  

Other current assets, includes foreign deferred tax assets

    8     12  

Property, plant and equipment

    63     64  

Intangible assets, net

    195     202  

Other assets

    5     5  
           

Assets

    410     420  

Accounts payable

    16     23  

Accrued expenses

    14     16  

Income taxes payable

        4  

Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities

    6     7  

Domestic tax liabilities reversed upon sale

    44     43  

Other liabilities, includes foreign deferred tax liabilities

    32     35  
           

Liabilities

    112     128  
           

Net Assets

  $ 298   $ 292  
           
           

        The following table reconciles the adjusted cash proceeds to the pre-tax loss on the sale:

(In millions)
  December 31, 2013  

Cash consideration

  $ 300  

Pre-closing working capital and other adjustments

    (36 )
       

Cash proceeds

    264  

Less direct items:

       

Net assets sold or settled, excluding domestic tax liabilities reversed upon sale and included in tax effect

    335  

Transaction costs and other(1)

    10  

Post-closing adjustments, obligations and other, net

    (18 )

Less non-cash items:

       

Release of AOCL—Pension

    5  

Release of AOCL—cumulative translation adjustment

    (44 )
       

Pre-tax loss on sale of discontinued operations

  $ (24 )
       
       

(1)
Transaction costs include legal fees and other direct costs incurred to sell the business since October 1, 2013.

        In November 2012, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with SK Blue Holdings, Ltd. ("SK"), an affiliate of SK Capital Partners III, L.P., to sell substantially all the assets of our Antioxidant operations (the "Antioxidant Sale"). The assets to be sold included, among others, trade receivables, inventory, our equity interest in two joint ventures, certain dedicated plants in the U.S., France and Germany, and certain dedicated assets in shared facilities. SK also agreed to assume certain liabilities related to the Antioxidant business. We were to retain assets that are shared with our other business components that exist in certain locations globally and utilize those assets under supply agreements with SK.

        In January 2013, we entered into an amended and restated asset purchase and contribution agreement with SK and Addivant USA Holdings Corp. ("Addivant") whereby SK and Addivant agreed, in addition to purchasing substantially all the assets of our Antioxidant business, to assume certain additional pension and environmental liabilities. The agreement provided for the actuarial valuation of net pension liabilities to be assumed to be updated shortly before the closing of the transaction. To the extent the updated values are a reduction of the net pension liability, the difference was to be applied to increase, by an equal amount, the value of the seller note to be issued at closing. To the extent the updated values were an increase in the net pension liability, the increase would be applied in equal amount first to reduce the value of the seller note and then if the seller note was extinguished, as a reduction to the cash consideration.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES (Continued)

        In April 2013, we completed the sale of our Antioxidant business to SK and Addivant for consideration of $97 million, $9 million in preferred stock issued by Addivant, a seller note in the amount of $1 million issued by an affiliate of Addivant and the assumption by SK and Addivant of pension, environmental and other liabilities totaling approximately $91 million.

        At closing, the cash consideration was subject to the retention of certain assets, the finalization of pension assets and liabilities and the change in certain working capital components through the closing date. The impact of these adjustments was estimated in the cash paid at closing. During the third quarter of 2013, the net pension liability transferred to Addivant was finalized and the seller note was extinguished by these adjustments. Additionally, we paid $2 million in cash consideration as part of the adjustment. The final working capital adjustment remains to be agreed between the parties.

        Included as part of the consideration, we received 9.2 million shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Addivant with a face value of $9 million. These shares accrue dividends at escalating rates beginning at 7% in the first year and up to 11% in the third year and beyond which are payable upon declaration.

        We recognized a pre-tax loss of $164 million ($155 million after-tax), which included $121 million of non-cash charges related to the release of AOCL associated with the pension obligations transferred, the release of cumulative translation adjustments and the release of our non-controlling interest in a Korean joint venture. In connection with the sale, we entered into several ancillary agreements, including site sharing and supply agreements, a distribution agreement, and a transition service agreement.

        As a result of entering into this transaction beginning in 2012, we determined that discontinued operations treatment applied. Assets and liabilities included in the Antioxidant Sale have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2012. Additionally, earnings and direct costs associated with the Antioxidant business for the periods prior to the date of the sale have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for the current and comparative periods. All applicable disclosures included in the accompanying footnotes have been updated to reflect the Antioxidant business as a discontinued operation.

        The following is a summary of the assets and liabilities sold or settled related to the Antioxidant business as of April 30, 2013 and the assets and liabilities of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2012.

(In millions)
  April 30, 2013   2012  

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 2   $ 2  

Accounts and trade receivable

    70     61  

Inventories

    76     78  

Other current assets

    2     4  

Property, plant and equipment

    48     44  

Intangible assets, net

    14     14  

Other assets

    32     31  
           

Assets

    244     234  

Accounts payable

    39     29  

Accrued expenses

    2     4  

Income taxes payable

        1  

Pension and post-retirement health care liabilities

    81     80  

Other liabilities

    11     11  
           

Liabilities

    133     125  
           

Net Assets

  $ 111   $ 109  
           
           

        Assets sold or settled consisted primarily of plant facilities located at Morgantown, West Virginia, Bay Minette, Alabama, Waldkraiburg, Germany and Catenoy, France; our shares in the Asia Stabilizers joint venture, located in Korea, a previously controlled consolidated entity; our shares in Gulf Stabilizers Industries, located in Saudi Arabia, a previously 49% owned equity method investment; certain dedicated operating equipment located at Latina, Italy and Elmira, Canada; intangible assets and working capital associated with the Antioxidants business.

        We retained ownership of certain manufacturing assets that will be used to meet our obligations under the supply agreements in Canada, Italy, the United States, Taiwan, Mexico, and Brazil. The minimum terms of the supply agreements range from two to five years. Based on the terms of the supply agreements and the forecasted costs to meet our obligations under those

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES (Continued)

agreements, we have fair valued the supply agreements using Level 3 fair value techniques and included a $13 million charge to the loss on sale of discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

        The following table reconciles the adjusted cash proceeds to the pre-tax loss on the sale:

(In millions)
  December 31, 2013  

Cash consideration

  $ 97  

Retained working capital and other adjustments

    (10 )

Post-closing adjustments

    (2 )
       

Cash proceeds

    85  

Preferred stock

    9  

Less direct items:

       

Net assets sold or settled

    111  

Transaction costs and other(1)

    5  

Post-closing obligations and other, net

    8  

Fair value of supply agreements

    13  

Less non-cash items:

       

Release of AOCL—pension

    122  

Release of AOCL—cumulative translation adjustment

    6  

Release of non-controlling interest

    (7 )
       

Pre-tax loss on sale of discontinued operations

  $ (164 )
       
       

(1)
Transaction costs include legal fees and other direct costs incurred to sell the business since April 1, 2013.

        Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 and the loss from the sale of discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2013 consists of the following:

 
  Year Ended  
(in millions)
  2013   2013   2013   2012   2012   2012   2011   2011   2011  
 
  Consumer
  Antioxidant
  Total
  Consumer
  Antioxidant
  Total
  Consumer
  Antioxidant
  Total
 

Net Sales

  $ 408   $ 123   $ 531   $ 433   $ 387   $ 820   $ 422   $ 419   $ 841  
                                       
                                       

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations:

                                                       

Pre-tax earnings (loss)

  $ 24   $ 4   $ 28   $ 33   $ (45 ) $ (12 ) $ 29   $ 31   $ 60  

Income tax (expense) benefit

    (3 )       (3 )   (2 )   11     9     (3 )   (5 )   (8 )
                                       

Earnings (loss), net of taxes

    21     4     25     31     (34 )   (3 )   26     26     52  

Net loss (earnings) attributable to non-controlling interests

                    1     1         (1 )   (1 )
                                       

Earnings (loss), net of taxes—attributable to Chemtura

  $ 21   $ 4   $ 25   $ 31   $ (33 ) $ (2 ) $ 26   $ 25   $ 51  
                                       
                                       

Loss on sale of discontinued operations:

                                                       

Pre-tax loss

  $ (24 ) $ (164 ) $ (188 )                                    

Income tax (expense) benefit(a)

    (1 )   9     8                                      
                                                   

Net loss

  $ (25 ) $ (155 ) $ (180 )                                    
                                                   
                                                   

(a)
Income tax expense on the sale of our Consumer Products business is primarily a cash tax charge for estimated U.S. Federal alternative minimum tax and state taxes. Deferred taxes in our non-U.S. entities are included in the calculation of the pre-tax loss on sale. However, the reversal of deferred tax assets and liabilities of our U.S. entities are included in tax expense, reflecting the election made to treat the sale of stock of the U.S. legal entities in the transaction as a sale of assets. The reversal of these U.S. net deferred tax liabilities increased the value of our consolidated U.S. net deferred tax assets against which we provide a valuation allowance. The result was that there was no net deferred tax expense. The income tax benefit on the sale of our Antioxidant business is primarily related to the domestic tax impacts of the release of AOCL related to pensions that was not offset by a valuation allowance and reduced by tax expense in various foreign jurisdictions.

        A portion of certain functional and other expenses that are managed company-wide that are allocated to the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses have not or will not transfer directly under the respective sale agreements. As such, in historic periods these costs are shown as part of continuing operations in the corporate segment and not included under earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. These costs are as follows:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

2) ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES (Continued)

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Antioxidant

  $ 6   $ 13   $ 15  

Consumer Products

    14     13     15  

Amortization expense(a)

    (8 )   (14 )   (16 )
               

Net increase in Corporate Segment

  $ 12   $ 12   $ 14  
               
               

(a)
Our Corporate segment included amortization expense which related directly to the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses which is now included in earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax.

Other Dispositions

        On November 28, 2011, we sold our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd. for net consideration of $38 million. The consideration will be paid in equal annual installments over a three-year period. The first and second payments, net of tax, were paid in April 2012 and April 2013. A pre-tax gain of $27 million was recorded on the sale in the fourth quarter of 2011.

3) RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT ACTIVITIES

Restructuring

        In February 2013, our Board approved a restructuring plan providing for, among other things, actions to reduce stranded costs related to divestitures. This plan is expected to preserve pre-divestiture operating margins following our portfolio changes. On October 9, 2013, the Board approved additional restructuring actions to consolidate our business' organizational structure in an effort to streamline the organization and gain efficiencies and additional cost savings. In December 2013, we substantially completed employee communications and the consultation process regarding the closure of our Droitwich, UK facility and consolidation of those operations into our Perth Amboy, NJ facility, in order to improve our competitiveness in the current economic environment. We recorded a pre-tax charge of $44 million in the year ended December 31, 2013, which included $27 million for severance and related costs, $15 million for professional fees, $1 million for accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment, and $1 million for accelerated asset retirement obligations. We expect to incur approximately $7 million to $10 million in 2014 primarily for accelerated depreciation and decommissioning costs.

        In April 2012, our Board approved a restructuring plan providing for, among other things, the closure of our Antioxidant business manufacturing facility in Pedrengo, Italy. The Board also approved actions to improve the operating effectiveness of certain global corporate functions. This plan was intended to achieve significant gains in efficiency and costs. The total cost of the restructuring plan was estimated to be approximately $40 million of which approximately $6 million consisted of non-cash charges. During 2012, we recorded pre-tax charges of $33 million which included $4 million for accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment included in depreciation and amortization, $2 million for accelerated asset retirement obligations included in cost of goods sold ("COGS"), $12 million for severance and professional fees related to corporate initiatives, $5 million for severance and other obligations related to the Pedrengo closure and $10 million reflecting the write-off of a receivable for which collection is no longer probable as a result of the restructuring actions. We recorded an additional pre-tax charge of $1 million in 2013, primarily for accelerated depreciation and relocation costs related to the Pedrengo closure. All charges related to the Pedrengo closure have been included in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, as this plant formed part of our Antioxidants business. The Pedrengo plant ceased operations on March 31, 2013 and asset retirement work has been completed. We have retained this property under the terms of the sale of the Antioxidants business and anticipate selling it after all remediation work is completed.

        In November 2011, our Board approved a restructuring plan intended to make Chemtura AgroSolutions more cost efficient by centralizing certain functions regionally and consolidating laboratory activities in North America. As a result of this plan, we recorded a pre-tax charge of $3 million for severance to facility closures, severance and related costs for the year ended December 31, 2011.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

3) RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT ACTIVITIES (Continued)

        A summary of the changes in the liabilities established for restructuring programs is as follows:

(In millions)
  Severance and
Related Costs
  Other Facility
Closure Costs
  Total  

Balance at January 1, 2011

  $ 1   $   $ 1  

Facility closure, severance and related costs

    3         3  

Cash payments

    (3 )       (3 )
               

Balance at December 31, 2011

    1         1  

Facility closure, severance and related costs:

                   

Continuing operations

    6     5     11  

Discontinued operations

    6         6  

Cash payments

    (5 )   (5 )   (10 )
               

Balance at December 31, 2012

    8         8  

Facility closure, severance and related costs:

                   

Continuing operations

    27     15     42  

Discontinued operations

        1     1  

Cash payments

    (19 )   (14 )   (33 )

Reclassifications

    (2 )       (2 )
               

Balance at December 31, 2013

  $ 14     2   $ 16  
               
               

        At December 31, 2013, $15 million of these reserves were included in accrued expenses and $1 million was included in accounts payable in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2012, the balance of these reserves were included in accrued expenses in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Chapter 11 Reorganization Initiatives

        In January 2010, our Board approved an initiative involving the consolidation and idling of certain assets within the Great Lakes Solutions business operations in El Dorado, Arkansas, which was approved by the Bankruptcy Court on February 23, 2010. In addition, in the first quarter of 2011, our joint venture partner informed us that they would exercise their right to purchase our interest in our Tetrabrom joint venture in the Middle East that supplied a brominated flame retardant to us. The sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd. was completed in November 2011.

        As a result of our reorganization initiatives, we recorded a pre-tax charge of $3 million in 2011 primarily for asset impairments and accelerated depreciation.

Asset Impairments

        In accordance with ASC Topic 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350") and ASC Topic 360, Property, Plant and Equipment ("ASC 360"), we recorded pre-tax charges totaling $7 million in 2013 and $47 million in 2012 to earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax and $4 million in 2011 to impairment charges in our Consolidated Statements of Operations.

        During the first two quarters of 2013, we completed an assessment of the possible sale of the Consumer Products business. As of March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013, we considered it more-likely-than-not that the initiative would become effective during 2013. In performing the impairment analysis, we probability weighted the possible outcomes of the initiative as of March 31, 2013 and June 30, 2013. Based on this analysis, the expected undiscounted cash flows were sufficient to recover the carrying values of assets of the Consumer Products business. As a result, we concluded that no impairment existed at March 31, 2013 or June 30, 2013.

        In September 2013, when we met the criteria to record assets held for sale, we again performed an impairment analysis of the Consumer Products Business. We probability weighted the fair value less cost to sell under different fair value models, as a proxy for an agreed upon purchase price, and found the fair value less cost to sell was sufficient to recover the carrying value of the net assets to be sold as of September 30, 2013. As a result, we concluded that no impairment existed at September 30, 2013.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

3) RESTRUCTURING AND ASSET IMPAIRMENT ACTIVITIES (Continued)

        On December 31, 2013, we completed a stock sale of our investment in dedicated legal entities of our Consumer Products business. In connection with the sale we entered into a supply contact with KIK to supply products from our Adrian, MI facility. Under the terms of the supply contract, KIK has the option, exercisable for a period of six-months following the closing date, to purchase the net assets of the Adrian facility at a price that is below the carrying value of the net assets. Accordingly, we concluded that the net assets of the Adrian facility met the criteria to be classified as assets held for sale and based on the expected selling price we recorded an impairment charge in December 2013 of $7 million to write-down the property, plant and equipment to its estimated fair value which is included in earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.

        During the third quarter of 2012, we completed an assessment of an initiative to monetize portfolio assets relating to our Antioxidant business. As of September 30, 2012, we considered it more-likely-than-not that the initiative would become effective before the end of 2012. In performing the impairment analysis, we probability weighted the possible outcomes of the initiative as of September 30, 2012. Based on this analysis, the expected undiscounted cash flows were insufficient to recover the carrying values of assets of the component of the segment to which the initiative relates. We estimated the fair value using various income and market approaches to calculate the impairment charge. We recorded an asset impairment charge included in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax on our Consolidated Statement of Operations of $35 million, of which $26 million related to property, plant and equipment, net and $9 million related to intangible assets, net included in non-current assets of discontinued operations on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        In November 2012, we entered into an asset purchase agreement to sell our Antioxidant business and determined that discontinued operations treatment applied. Accordingly, we compared the carrying value of the net assets to be sold to their estimated fair value based on the proceeds expected to be received per the asset purchase agreement less the estimated costs to sell. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2012 we recorded an additional asset impairment charge of $11 million included in loss from discontinued operations, net of tax on our Consolidated Statement of Operations to write-down the long-lived assets of the Antioxidant business to their estimated fair value, of which $9 million relates to property, plant and equipment and $2 million related to intangible assets that are classified as non-current assets of discontinued operations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

        For the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded an impairment charge of $3 million related to intangible assets of the Chemtura AgroSolutions reporting unit with no future use. Additionally, there was a $1 million impairment charge related to property, plant and equipment of the El Dorado, Arkansas facility reorganization initiative.

4) INVENTORIES

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Finished goods

  $ 288   $ 280  

Work in process

    34     27  

Raw materials and supplies

    93     91  
           

  $ 415   $ 398  
           
           

        Included in the above net inventory balances are inventory obsolescence reserves of approximately $21 million and $14 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

5) PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Land and improvements

  $ 74   $ 67  

Buildings and improvements

    216     190  

Machinery and equipment

    1,239     1,152  

Information systems and equipment

    173     183  

Furniture, fixtures and other

    29     28  

Construction in progress

    94     108  
           

    1,825     1,728  

Less: accumulated depreciation

    1,101     1,073  
           

  $ 724   $ 655  
           
           

        Depreciation expense from continuing operations amounted to $82 million, $80 million and $81 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Depreciation expense from continuing operations includes accelerated depreciation of certain fixed assets associated with our restructuring programs of $1 million for 2013 and $2 million for 2011.

6) GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Goodwill

        Goodwill by reportable segment is as follows:

 
  Industrial Performance Products  
(In millions)
  Gross Goodwill   Accumulated Impairments   Net Goodwill  

Balance at December 31, 2011

  $ 264   $ (90 ) $ 174  

Foreign currency translation

    3         3  
               

Balance at December 31, 2012

    267     (90 )   177  

Foreign currency translation

    2         2  
               

Balance at December 31, 2013

  $ 269   $ (90 ) $ 179  
               
               

        We have elected to perform our annual goodwill impairment procedures for all of our reporting units in accordance with ASC Subtopic 350-20, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Goodwill ("ASC 350-20") as of July 31, or sooner, if events occur or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below the carrying value. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units utilizing income and market approaches through the application of discounted cash flow and market comparable methods (Level 3 inputs as described in Note 15—Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements). The assessment is required to be performed in two steps: step one to test for a potential impairment of goodwill and, if a potential impairment is identified, step two to measure the impairment loss through a full fair valuing of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit utilizing the acquisition method of accounting. We concluded that no goodwill impairment existed in any of our reporting units based on the annual reviews as of July 31, 2013 and 2012.

        We continually monitor and evaluate business and competitive conditions that affect our operations and reflects the impact of these factors in our financial projections. If permanent or sustained changes in business or, competitive conditions occur, they can lead to revised projections that could potentially give rise to impairment charges.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

6) GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS (Continued)

Intangible Assets

        Our intangible assets (excluding goodwill) are comprised of the following:

 
  2013   2012  
(In millions)
  Gross
Value
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net
Intangibles
  Gross
Value
  Accumulated
Amortization
  Net
Intangibles
 

Patents

  $ 91   $ (52 ) $ 39   $ 85   $ (48 ) $ 37  

Trademarks

    68     (34 )   34     68     (31 )   37  

Customer relationships

    42     (18 )   24     41     (15 )   26  

Production rights

    46     (37 )   9     46     (32 )   14  

Other

    81     (45 )   36     74     (42 )   32  
                           

Total

  $ 328   $ (186 ) $ 142   $ 314   $ (168 ) $ 146  
                           
                           

        The increase in gross intangible assets since December 31, 2012 is due to additions of $13 million and foreign currency translation of $3 million offset by the write-off of $2 million related to fully amortized intangibles (offset within accumulated amortization).

        Amortization expense from continuing operations related to intangible assets amounted to $19 million in 2013, $20 million in 2012 and $22 million in 2011. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets for the next five fiscal years is as follows: $18 million (2014), $16 million (2015), $11 million (2016) $11 million (2017) and $11 million (2018).

7) DEBT

        Our debt is comprised of the following:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

5.75% Senior Notes due 2021, with an effective interest rate of 5.83% in 2013

  $ 450   $  

7.875% Senior Notes due 2018, net of unamortized discount of $1 million in 2013 and $3 million in 2012 with an effective interest rate of 8.90% in 2013 and 8.19% in 2012

    100     452  

Term Loan due 2016, net of unamortized discount of $2 million in 2013 and 2012 with an effective interest rate of 5.39% in 2013 and 5.70% in 2012

    316     418  

Other borrowings

    32     6  
           

Total Debt

    898     876  

Less: Short-term borrowings

    (2 )   (3 )

Less; Current portion of other long-term debt

    (5 )    

Less: Current portion of Term Loan

    (110 )   (2 )
           

Total Long-Term Debt

  $ 781   $ 871  
           
           

Tender Offer & New Bond Offering

        On June 10, 2013, we launched a cash tender offer and consent solicitation with respect to any and all of our outstanding $455 million aggregate principal amount of 7.875% Senior Notes due 2018 (the "2018 Senior Notes") pursuant to our Offer to Purchase and Consent Solicitation Statement (the "Offer to Purchase"). The requisite consent solicitation was required to adopt proposed amendments to the indenture governing the 2018 Senior Notes (the "2018 Indenture") that would eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and related provisions contained in the 2018 Indenture. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, holders who validly tendered their notes on or prior to June 21, 2013 (the "Consent Date") received total consideration of $1,117.50 per $1,000 principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes accepted for purchase, which included a consent payment of $30 per $1,000 principal amount of the notes. As of July 5, 2013, holders of $348 million or approximately 76.56% of the 2018 Senior Notes, had tendered such 2018 Senior Notes and consented to the proposed amendments to the 2018 Indenture.

        On July 8, 2013, we amended the terms of the Offer to Purchase to extend the expiration date to July 19, 2013 to meet the terms of the Financing Condition (as defined in the Offer to Purchase). Holders who validly tendered their 2018 Senior Notes after the Consent Date but on or prior to July 19, 2013, received the tender offer consideration of $1,087.50 per $1,000 principal

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

7) DEBT (Continued)

amount of the 2018 Senior Notes accepted for purchase but were not entitled to the consent payment. As of July 19, 2013, additional holders of $6 million or approximately 1.33% of the 2018 Senior Notes, had tendered such 2018 Senior Notes and Solicitation and consented to the proposed amendments to the 2018 Indenture.

        On July 18, 2013, we undertook a registered public offering of $450 million of 5.75% Senior Notes due 2021 (the "2021 Senior Notes"), for the purposes of funding the purchase under the terms of the Offer to Purchase all of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered, expenses related to the offering and a prepayment of our senior secured term loan facility due 2016 (the "Term Loan"). On July 23, 2013, the 2021 Senior Notes offering closed and the majority of the proceeds were used to complete the purchase of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered in response to the Offer to Purchase. With the purchase of the tendered 2018 Senior Notes complete, the amendments to the 2018 Indenture that eliminated substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and related provisions became effective.

        In our third quarter of 2013, we recorded a loss on the early extinguishment of debt of $50 million. The loss included $42 million for the difference between the principal amount of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered and the sum of the tender offer consideration and consent payments. The loss also included $8 million for the write-off of unamortized capitalized financing costs and original issuance discount with respect to the 2018 Senior Notes purchased under the tender.

        On July 23, 2013, we used the balance of the proceeds from the offering of the 2021 Senior Notes, after completing the purchase of the 2018 Senior Notes tendered and paying transaction costs, of approximately $45 million and approximately $5 million of cash on hand to prepay $50 million of principal of our Term Loan. On July 31, 2013, we prepaid an additional $50 million of Term Loan principal with cash on hand.

Financing Facilities

        In August 2010, we completed a $455 million private placement offering under Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Rule 144A for the 2018 Senior Notes at an issue price of 99.269% in reliance on an exemption pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933. The 2018 Senior Notes were exchanged in June 2011 for identical registered 2018 Senior Notes. In July 2013, we purchased $354 million of the $455 million outstanding balance with proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes offering.

        At any time prior to September 1, 2014, we may redeem some or all of the remaining 2018 Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a make-whole premium (as defined in the indenture) and accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date. We may also redeem some or all of the remaining 2018 Senior Notes at any time on or after September 1, 2014, with the redemption prices being, prior to September 1, 2015, 103.938% of the principal amount, on or after September 1, 2015 and prior to September 1, 2016, 101.969% of the principal amount and thereafter 100% plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date.

        When issued in 2010, our 2018 Senior Notes contain covenants that limited our ability to enter into certain transactions, such as incurring additional indebtedness, creating liens, paying dividends, and entering into dispositions and joint ventures. With the purchase of the tendered 2018 Senior Notes under the Offer to Purchase complete, the amendments to the 2018 Indenture that eliminated substantially all of the restrictive covenants, certain events of default and related provisions became effective.

        Our 2018 Senior Notes are now subject to only limited events of default including failure to pay principal or interest.

        At any time prior to July 15, 2016, we are permitted to redeem some or all of the 2021 Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus a make-whole premium (as defined in the indenture governing the 2021 Senior Notes (the "2021 Indenture")) and accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date. At any time after July 15, 2016, we are permitted to redeem some or all of the 2021 Senior Notes at any time, with the redemption prices being, prior to July 15, 2017, 104.313% of the principal amount; on or after July 15, 2017 and prior to July 15, 2018, 102.875% of the principal amount; on or after July 15, 2018 and prior to July 15, 2019, 101.438% of the principal amount; and thereafter 100% of the principal amount, in each case plus any accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, prior to July 15, 2016, we may redeem up to 35% of the 2021 Senior Notes from the proceeds of certain equity offerings at a redemption price of 105.75% plus accrued but unpaid interest to the redemption date. If we experience certain kinds of changes in control, as defined in the 2021 Indenture, we may be required to offer to repurchase all of the 2021 Senior Notes at a redemption price

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7) DEBT (Continued)

(subject to limitations as described in the 2021 Indenture) equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest.

        Our 2021 Senior Notes contain covenants that limit our ability to enter into certain transactions, such as incurring secured debt and subsidiary debt and entering into sale and lease-back transactions.

        Our 2021 Senior Notes are subject to certain events of default, including, among others, breach of other agreements in the 2021 Indenture; any guarantee of a significant subsidiary ceasing to be in full force and effect; a default by us or our restricted subsidiaries under any bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness of a certain amount, resulting in its acceleration; and certain events of bankruptcy or insolvency.

        In August 2010, we entered into the Term Loan with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and other lenders party thereto for an aggregate principal amount of $295 million with an original issue discount of 1%. The Term Loan permitted us to increase the size of the facility with an accordion feature by up to $125 million. On October 31, 2012, we exercised the accordion feature of our Term Loan and borrowed the additional $125 million for the purpose of funding potential investment opportunities and for general corporate purposes. Accordingly, we recognized a $1 million charge for the year ended December 31, 2012 for loss on early extinguishment of debt resulting from the write-off of deferred financing costs and miscellaneous fees. An additional $1 million in arranger fees were written-off to interest expense for the year end December 31, 2012. During 2013, we repaid $102 million of the Term Loan with proceeds from the 2021 Senior Notes offering and cash on hand. In January 2014, we repaid an additional $110 million of the Term Loan with proceeds from the sale of the Consumer Products business. In light of this transaction, we classified the $110 million as short-term borrowings in our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2013.

        Borrowings under the Term Loan (due in 2016), prior to an amendment in October 2013, bore interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our election, (i) 3.0% plus the Base Rate (defined as the higher of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%; (b) Bank of America's published prime rate; and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1%) or (ii) 4.0% plus the Eurodollar Rate (defined as the higher of (a) 1.5% and (b) the current LIBOR adjusted for reserve requirements).

        In October 2013, we entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Term Loan which, among other things, (i) reduces the interest rate and LIBOR floor on the term loans outstanding under the Term Loan agreement (the "term loans"), (ii) provides for a 1% prepayment premium if the term loans are refinanced with certain specified refinancing debt within 6 months, (iii) introduces scheduled quarterly amortization of the term loans in the amount of 1% annually, and (iv) permits additional flexibility under certain of our operating covenants (including but not limited to additional flexibility for debt, investments, restricted payments and dispositions) in the Term Loan agreement. The amendment became effective on October 30, 2013.

        Borrowings under the amended Term Loan bear interest at a rate per annum equal to, at our election, (i) 1.75% plus the Base Rate (defined as the higher of (a) the Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%; (b) Bank of America's published prime rate; and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1%) or (ii) 2.75% plus the Eurodollar Rate (defined as the higher of (a) 0.75% and (b) the current LIBOR adjusted for reserve requirements).

        The Term Loan is secured by a first priority lien on substantially all of our U.S. tangible and intangible assets (excluding accounts receivable, inventory, deposit accounts and certain other related assets), including, without limitation, real property, equipment and intellectual property, together with a pledge of the equity interests of our first tier subsidiaries and the guarantors of the Term Loan, and a second priority lien on substantially all of our U.S. accounts receivable and inventory.

        We may, at our option, prepay the outstanding aggregate principal amount on the Term Loan advances in whole or ratably in part along with accrued and unpaid interest on the date of the prepayment, subject to a 1% prepayment premium if the Term Loan advances are refinanced with certain specified refinancing debt within 6 months.

        Our obligations as borrower under the Term Loan are guaranteed by certain of our U.S. subsidiaries.

        The Term Loan contains covenants that limit, among other things, our ability to enter into certain transactions, such as creating liens, incurring additional indebtedness or repaying certain indebtedness, making investments, paying dividends, and entering into acquisitions, dispositions and joint ventures.

        Additionally, the Term Loan requires that we meet certain financial maintenance covenants including a maximum Secured Leverage Ratio (net of unrestricted cash, as defined in the agreement) of 2.5:1.0 and a minimum Consolidated Interest

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7) DEBT (Continued)

Coverage Ratio (as defined in the agreement) of 3.0:1.0. Additionally, the Term Loan contains a covenant related to the repayment of excess cash flow (as defined in the agreement). As of December 31, 2013, we were in compliance with the covenant requirements of the Term Loan.

        The Term Loan is subject to certain events of default, applicable to Chemtura, the guarantors and their respective subsidiaries, including, nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts, violation of covenants, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties (including the existence of a material adverse event as defined in the agreement), cross-default to material indebtedness, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, material judgments, certain ERISA events, a change in control, and actual or asserted invalidity of liens or guarantees or any collateral document, in certain cases subject to the threshold amounts and grace periods set forth in the Term Loan agreement.

        In November 2010, we entered into a five-year senior secured revolving credit facility available through 2015 (the "ABL Facility") with Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and the other lenders party thereto for an amount up to $275 million, subject to availability under a borrowing base, and included a $125 million letter of credit sub-facility.

        The revolving loans under the ABL Facility, prior to a December 2013 amendment, bore interest at a rate per annum which, at our option, was either: (a) a base rate (the highest of (i) Bank of America, N.A.'s "prime rate," (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5% and (iii) the one-month LIBOR plus 1.00%) plus a margin of between 2.25% and 1.75% based on the average excess availability under the ABL Facility for the preceding quarter; or (b) the current reserve adjusted LIBOR plus a margin of between 3.25% and 2.75% based on the average excess availability under the ABL Facility for the preceding quarter.

        In December 2013, we amended and restated the ABL Facility. The new five-year senior secured revolving credit facility available through 2018 provides for $175 million available to our domestic subsidiaries (the "US ABL Facility") and €60 million available to Chemtura Sales Europe B.V., a Netherlands subsidiary (the "Foreign ABL Facility", and together with the US ABL Facility, the "2018 ABL Facility"), subject in each case to availability under a borrowing base. The 2018 ABL Facility provides a $125 million letter of credit sub-facility.

        The revolving loans under the 2018 ABL Facility will bear interest at a rate per annum which, at our option, can be either: (a) a base rate (which varies depending on the currency in which the loans are borrowed) plus a margin of between 0.50% and 1.00% for loans denominated in U.S. dollars or between 1.50% and 2.00% for loans denominated in other currencies, in each case based on the average excess availability under the 2018 ABL Facility for the preceding quarter; or (b) the current reserve adjusted Eurocurrency Rate plus a margin of between 1.50% and 2.00% based on the average excess availability under the 2018 ABL Facility for the preceding quarter.

        Our obligations (and the obligations of the other borrowing subsidiaries) under the US ABL Facility will continue to be guaranteed on a secured basis by all of the existing domestic subsidiaries that were borrowers or guarantors prior to the amendment of the 2015 ABL Facility, and by certain of our future direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the "US Loan Parties"). The obligations under the Foreign ABL Facility are guaranteed on a secured basis by Chemtura Europe GmbH, a Swiss subsidiary, and are guaranteed and secured on a junior priority basis by the US Loan Parties.

        The obligations and guarantees under the US ABL Facility will continue to be secured by (i) a first-priority security interest in the US Loan Parties' existing and future inventory and accounts receivable, together with general intangibles relating to inventory and accounts receivable, contract rights under agreements relating to inventory and accounts receivable, documents relating to inventory, supporting obligations and letter-of-credit rights relating to inventory and accounts receivable, instruments evidencing payment for inventory and accounts receivable; money, cash, cash equivalents, securities and other property held by the Administrative Agent or any lender under the US ABL Facility; deposit accounts, credits and balances with any financial institution with which any US Loan Party maintains deposits and which contain proceeds of, or collections on, inventory and accounts receivable; books, records and other property related to or referring to any of the foregoing and proceeds of any of the foregoing (the "US ABL Priority Collateral"); and (ii) a second-priority security interest in substantially all of the US Loan Parties' other assets (the "Term Loan Priority Collateral"), including (x) 100% of the capital stock of US Loan Parties' direct domestic subsidiaries held by the US Loan Parties and 100% of the non-voting capital stock of the US Loan Parties' direct foreign subsidiaries held by the US Loan Parties, and (y) 65% of the voting capital stock of the US Loan Parties' direct foreign subsidiaries (to the extent held by the US Loan Parties), in each case subject to certain exceptions set forth in the 2018 ABL Facility Agreement and the related loan documentation. The obligations and guarantees under the Foreign ABL Facility are secured by (i) a first priority security interest on certain of Chemtura Sales Europe B.V., a Netherlands accounts receivable and receivables collection accounts and certain of Chemtura Europe GmbH's inventory; (ii) a second-priority security interest in the US ABL Priority Collateral; and (iii) a third-priority security interest in the Term Loan

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

7) DEBT (Continued)

Priority Collateral; in each case subject to certain exceptions set forth in the 2018 ABL Facility and the related loan documentation.

        Mandatory prepayments of the loans under the US ABL Facility (and cash collateralization of outstanding letters of credit) shall be required (i) to the extent the usage of the US ABL Facility exceeds the lesser of (x) the borrowing base for the US ABL Facility and (y) the then effective commitments under the US ABL Facility, and mandatory prepayments of the loans under the Foreign ABL Facility shall be required (i) to the extent the usage of the Foreign ABL Facility exceeds the lesser of (x) the borrowing base for the Foreign ABL Facility and (y) the then effective commitments under the Foreign ABL Facility. Mandatory prepayments of the loans under the 2018 ABL Facility (and cash collateralization of outstanding letters of credit) shall also be required, subject to exceptions, thresholds and reinvestment rights, with the proceeds of certain sales or casualty events of assets on which the 2018 ABL Facility have a first priority security interest (but, solely during a cash dominion period).

        The 2018 ABL Facility Agreement contains certain affirmative and negative covenants (applicable to us, the other borrowing subsidiaries, the guarantors and their respective subsidiaries other than unrestricted subsidiaries), including, without limitation, covenants requiring financial reporting and notices of certain events, and covenants imposing limitations on incurrence of indebtedness and guaranties; liens; loans and investments; asset dispositions; dividends, redemptions, and repurchases of stock and prepayments, redemptions and repurchases of certain indebtedness; mergers, consolidations, acquisitions, joint ventures or creation of subsidiaries; material changes in business; transactions with affiliates; restrictions on distributions from restricted subsidiaries and granting of negative pledges; changes in accounting and reporting; sale leasebacks; and speculative transactions, and a springing financial covenant requiring a minimum trailing four quarter fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.0 to 1.0 at all times during (A) any period from the date when the amount available for borrowings under the 2018 ABL Facility falls below the greater of (i) $25 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments to the date such available amount has been equal to or greater than the greater of (i) $25 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments for 30 consecutive days, or (B) any period from the date when the amount available for borrowings under the US ABL Facility falls below the greater of (i) $18 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments under the US ABL Facility to the date such available amount has been equal to or greater than the greater of (i) $18 million and (ii) 10% of the aggregate commitments under the US ABL Facility for 30 consecutive days.

        The 2018 ABL Facility Agreement contains certain events of default (applicable to us, the other borrowers, the guarantors and their respective restricted subsidiaries), including nonpayment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts, violation of covenants, material inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross-default to material indebtedness, certain events of bankruptcy and insolvency, material judgments, certain ERISA events, a change in control, and actual or asserted invalidity of liens or guarantees or any collateral document, in certain cases subject to the threshold amounts and grace periods set forth in the 2018 ABL Facility Agreement.

        At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had no borrowings under the ABL Facility and the 2018 ABL Facility, but we had $14 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012 of outstanding letters of credit (primarily related to insurance obligations, environmental obligations and banking credit facilities) which utilizes available capacity under the facility. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had approximately $237 million and $199 million, respectively, of undrawn availability under the ABL Facility and the 2018 ABL Facility.

        In December 2012, we entered into a CNY 250 million (approximately $40 million) 5 year secured credit facility available through December 2017 (the "China Bank Facility") with Agricultural Bank of China, Nantong Branch ("ABC Bank"). The China Bank Facility is being used for funding construction of our manufacturing facility in Nantong, China. The China Bank Facility is secured by land, property and machinery of our subsidiary Chemtura Advanced Materials (Nantong) Co., Ltd. The loans under the China Bank Facility bear interest at a rate determined from time to time by ABC Bank base on the prevailing People Bank of China Lending Rate. At December 31, 2013, we had borrowings of $17 million under the China Bank Facility. Repayments of principal will be made in semi-annual installments from December 2014 through December 2017.

        In March 2013, we entered into a promissory note in the principal sum of $7 million with a term of six years bearing interest at a rate of 5.29% per annum to finance the cost of certain information technology software licenses. The principal of note is to be repaid in equal monthly installments over its term.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

7) DEBT (Continued)

Maturities

        At December 31, 2013, the scheduled maturities of debt are as follows: 2014—$118 million; 2015—$11 million; 2016—$213 million; 2017—$2 million; 2018—$103 million and thereafter $451 million.

8) LEASES

        At December 31, 2013, minimum rental commitments, primarily for buildings, land and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases, net of sublease income, amounted to $10 million (2014), $8 million (2015), $6 million (2016), $5 million (2017), $4 million (2018), $14 million (2019 and thereafter) and $47 million in the aggregate. Sublease income is not significant in future periods. Rental expenses under operating leases, net of sublease income were $23 million (2013), $24 million (2012) and $21 million (2011). Sublease income was less than $1 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011.

        Future minimum lease payments under capital leases at December 31, 2013 were not significant.

        Real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance expenses are generally our obligations and, accordingly, were not included as part of rental payments. It is expected that in the normal course of business, leases that expire will be renewed or replaced by similar leases.

9) INCOME TAXES

        The components of (loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and the income tax expense (benefit) are as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Pre-tax (Loss) Earnings from Continuing Operations:

                   

Domestic

  $ (105 ) $ 26   $ (5 )

Foreign

    101     103     90  
               

  $ (4 ) $ 129   $ 85  
               
               

Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

                   

Domestic

                   

Current

  $   $   $ 1  

Deferred

    (1 )       3  
               

    (1 )       4  

Foreign

                   

Current

    17     23     22  

Deferred

    2     3     (9 )
               

    19     26     13  

Total

                   

Current

    17     23     23  

Deferred

    1     3     (6 )
               

  $ 18   $ 26   $ 17  
               
               

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

9) INCOME TAXES (Continued)

        The expense (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations differs from the Federal statutory rate for the following reasons:

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Income tax (benefit) expense at the U.S. statutory rate

  $ (1 ) $ 45   $ 30  

Foreign rate differential

    (17 )   (4 )   (21 )

Valuation allowances

    21     (25 )   (11 )

U.S. tax on foreign earnings

    26     28     28  

Nondeductible reorganizational expenses

        1     3  

Nondeductible expenses, other

    7     2     1  

Nondeductible stock compensation

    1     1     1  

Depletion

    (3 )   (3 )   (2 )

Income tax credits

    (6 )   (18 )   (14 )

Taxes attributable to prior periods

    (11 )   (1 )   2  

Other, net

    1          
               

Income tax expense

  $ 18   $ 26   $ 17  
               
               

        Deferred taxes are recorded based on differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities using currently enacted tax rates and regulations. The components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Deferred tax assets:

             

Pension and other post-retirement liabilities

  $ 61   $ 151  

Net operating loss carryforwards

    387     389  

Other accruals

    15     23  

Tax credit carryforwards

    128     99  

Accruals for environmental remediation

    29     25  

Intangibles

    5     11  

Inventories and other

    20     21  

Financial instruments

    1     2  
           

Total deferred tax assets

    646     721  

Valuation allowance

    (529 )   (628 )
           

Net deferred tax assets after valuation allowance

    117     93  
           

Deferred tax liabilities:

             

Unremitted foreign earnings of subsidiaries

    (36 )   (18 )

Property, plant and equipment

    (72 )   (64 )

Other

    (11 )   (11 )
           

Total deferred tax liabilities

    (119 )   (93 )
           

Net deferred tax liability after valuation allowance

  $ (2 ) $  
           
           

        Net current and non-current deferred taxes from each tax jurisdiction are included in the following accounts:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Net current deferred taxes

             

Other current assets

  $ 10   $ 5  

Other current liabilities

    (3 )   (15 )

Net non-current deferred taxes

             

Other assets

    25     27  

Other liabilities

    (34 )   (17 )

        We had valuation allowances related to U.S. operations of $506 million, $605 million and $652 million at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. We had valuation allowances related to foreign operations of $23 million, $23 million and $43 million at December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. A valuation allowance has been provided for deferred tax assets

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

9) INCOME TAXES (Continued)

where it is more likely than not these assets will expire before we are able to realize their benefit. Of the $99 million reduction in the total valuation allowance during 2013, $57 million was recorded to the income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and $42 million was recorded to other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. During 2013, due to the sale of our Antioxidants business, the value of the pension deferred asset and the associated valuation allowance both decreased by $33 million. Of the $67 million reduction in the total valuation allowance during 2012, $57 million was recorded to the income tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations and $10 million was recorded to other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. This valuation allowance will be maintained until it is more likely than not that remaining deferred assets will be realized. When this occurs, our income tax expense will be reduced by a decrease in our valuation allowance, which could have a significant impact on our future earnings.

        The components of our gross net operating loss ("NOL") are as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Federal NOL

  $ 974   $ 972  

State NOL

  $ 1,034   $ 1,165  

Foreign NOL

  $ 141   $ 109  

        State and foreign NOL and credits expire 2014-2032, federal credits expire 2014-2032 and federal NOL expire 2024-2032. As a result of our emergence from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy in 2010, we will be subject to annual federal NOL limitations under Internal Revenue Code ("IRC") Section 382 in the future. Our federal NOL annual limitation will be in the range of $59 million to $77 million starting in 2013 and beyond. For 2014, the cumulative federal NOL available for use is approximately $372 million, subject to adjustment upon audit, if any. At December 31, 2013, we had federal and state tax credit carryforwards of $125 million and $3 million, respectively. At December 31, 2012, we had federal and state tax credit carryforwards of $96 million and $3 million, respectively.

        We anticipate that we will repatriate the undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries. For the year ended December 31, 2013, we increased by $18 million, the amount of the net deferred tax liability we provide for the U.S. tax consequences of these repatriations. In 2013, this increase has been offset by an equal increase to our foreign tax credits, and as such, had no effect on the tax expense recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We consider undistributed earnings of all other foreign subsidiaries to be indefinitely invested in their operations. At December 31, 2013, such undistributed earnings deemed to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations amounted to $756 million.

        We also have not recognized a deferred tax liability for the difference between the book basis and tax basis of investments in the common stock of foreign subsidiaries. Such differences relate primarily to the unremitted earnings of both Witco's and Great Lakes' foreign subsidiaries prior to their mergers with us. The basis difference in subsidiaries of Witco, acquired on September 1, 1999, is approximately $218 million and the basis difference in subsidiaries of Great Lakes, acquired on July 1, 2005, is approximately $49 million. Estimating the tax liability that would arise if these earnings were repatriated is not practicable at this time.

        During the year ended December 31, 2013, we recorded an increase to our liability for unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $3 million. This increase was primarily related to the effects of currency exchange fluctuations. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we recorded a decrease to our liability for unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $5 million. This decrease was primarily related to settlements of tax audits in various foreign jurisdictions. In accordance with ASC 740, we recognize interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.

        The beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits reconciles as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Balance at January 1

  $ 41   $ 46   $ 41  

Gross (decreases) increases for tax positions taken during current year

    (1 )       1  

Gross increases for tax positions taken during a prior period

    1     3     13  

Gross decreases for tax positions taken during a prior period

        (1 )   (5 )

Decreases from the expiration of the statute of limitations

            (1 )

Settlements / payments

        (10 )   (1 )

Foreign currency impact

    3     3     (2 )
               

Balance at December 31

  $ 44   $ 41   $ 46  
               
               

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

9) INCOME TAXES (Continued)

        We recognized interest expense of $1 million, related to unrecognized tax benefits within tax expense in our Consolidated Statements of Operations in 2013, 2012 and 2011. We also recognized, in our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2013 and 2012, a total amount of $14 million and $13 million of interest, respectively, related to unrecognized tax benefits. We file income tax returns in the U.S., various U.S. states and certain foreign jurisdictions. We have completed our federal examination through December 31, 2009. The tax years 2010-2011 are currently under examination.

        Foreign and United States jurisdictions have statutes of limitations generally ranging from 3 to 5 years. We have a number of state, local and foreign examinations currently in process. Major foreign exams in process include Canada, France and Italy.

        We believe it is reasonably possible that our unrecognized tax benefits may decrease by approximately $8 million within the next year. This reduction may occur due to the statute of limitations expirations or conclusion of examinations by tax authorities. We further expect that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits will continue to change as a result of ongoing operations, the outcomes of audits, and the expiration of the statute of limitations. This change is not expected to have a significant impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

10) CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE

Capital Stock

        Pursuant to the Plan, all shares, including shares held in treasury, of our common stock outstanding prior to the Effective Date were canceled. On November 8, 2010, the NYSE approved for listing 111 million shares of common shares in the capital of the reorganized company authorized pursuant to the Plan, as, comprising: (i) approximately 95.5 million shares of common stock to be issued under the Plan; (ii) approximately 4.5 million shares of common stock reserved for future issuances under the Plan as disputed claims are settled; and (iii) 11 million shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our equity compensation plans.

        As of December 31, 2012, all reserved shares of the new common stock were issued to either settle disputed claims or to holders of previously issued Chemtura stock ("Holders of Interests").

        We are authorized to issue 500 million shares of $0.01 par value common stock. There were 100.5 million shares issued, of which 4.0 million were held in treasury at December 31, 2013 and there were 100.4 million shares issued, of which 2.4 million were held in treasury at December 31, 2012. We are authorized to issue 0.3 million shares of $0.01 par value preferred stock, none of which are outstanding.

        On May 9, 2013, the Board authorized an increase in our share repurchase program from $100 million to up to $141 million and extended the program to March 31, 2014. On November 12, 2013, the Board authorized a further increase in the share repurchase program by $50 million (up to $191 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 authorization). The Board also authorized an additional $100 million under the share repurchase program upon the closing of the previously announced sale of the Consumer Products business (up to $291 million in the aggregate when combined with the May 9, 2013 and November 12, 2013 authorizations). The Board also extended the authorizations under the share repurchase program through and including November 9, 2014. The shares are expected to be repurchased from time to time through open market purchases. The program, which does not obligate us to repurchase any particular amount of common stock, may be modified or suspended at any time at the Board's discretion. The manner, price, number and timing of such repurchases, if any, will be subject to a variety of factors, including market conditions and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). During the year ended December 31, 2013, we purchased 2.4 million shares for $54 million. As of December 31, 2013, we had purchased 5.8 million shares for $95 million since inception of our share repurchase program.

Earnings (Loss) per Common Share

        A portion of the 100 million (which excludes shares reserved for equity compensation plans) newly authorized common shares were immediately distributed, and the remainder was reserved for distribution to holders of certain disputed claims that, although unresolved as of the Effective Date, later become allowed. To the extent that any of the reserved shares remained undistributed upon resolution of the disputed claims, such shares would not be returned to us but rather were distributed pro rata to claimants with allowed claims or to holders of our previously outstanding common stock to increase their recovery under the Plan. Therefore, pursuant to the Plan, all 100 million shares ultimately were distributed. Accordingly, all conditions

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

10) CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE (Continued)

of distribution had been met for these reserved shares as of the Effective Date, and such shares are considered issued and are included in our calculation of weighted average shares outstanding.

        The computation of basic earnings (loss) per common share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The computation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share is based on the weighted average number of common and common share equivalents outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2013, the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share equals the basic earnings (loss) per common share calculation since common stock equivalents were antidilutive due to losses from continuing operations. Common stock equivalents amounted to 1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

        The following is a reconciliation of the shares used in the computation of earnings (loss) per share:

 
  Year ended  
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Weighted average shares outstanding—Basic

    97.7     98.2     100.1  

Dilutive effect of common share equivalents

        0.6     0.2  
               

Weighted average shares outstanding—Diluted

    97.7     98.8     100.3  
               
               

11) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

        The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"), net of tax at December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, are as follows:

(in millions)
  Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments
  Unrecognized
Pension and
Other Post-
Retirement
Benefit Costs
  Total  

As of December 31, 2012

  $ 47   $ (475 ) $ (428 )

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications

    (9 )   81     72  

Amounts reclassified from AOCL

    (51 )   127     76  
               

Net current period other comprehensive (loss) income

    (60 )   208     148  
               

As of December 31, 2013

  $ (13 ) $ (267 ) $ (280 )
               
               

        The following table summarizes the reclassifications from AOCL to the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the period ending December 31, 2013:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

11) ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS (Continued)

(in millions)
  Amount Reclassified
from AOCL
  Affected line item in the consolidated
statement of operations

Foreign currency translation items:

         

Liquidation of consolidated entities

  $ 13   Other income, net

Sale of discontinued operations(b)

    38   Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
         

Net of tax

    51    
         

Defined benefit pension plan items:

         

Amortization of prior-service costs(a)

    5   See Note (a)

Amortization of actuarial losses(a)

    (21 ) See Note (a)

Sale of discontinued operations(b)

    (127 ) Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
         

Total before tax

    (143 )  

Tax on continuing operations

    1   Income Tax Expense

Tax on discontinued operations

    15   Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax
         

Total tax

    16    
         

Net of tax

    (127 )  
         

Total reclassifications

  $ (76 )  
         
         

(a)
These items are included in the computation of net periodic benefit pension cost (see Note 13—Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans for additional information).

(b)
Sale of the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses (see Note 2—Acquisitions and Divestitures)

12) STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS

        We utilize various employee stock-based compensation plans. Awards under these plans are granted to eligible officers, management employees and non-employee directors. Awards may be made in the form of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and/or restricted stock units ("RSUs"). Under the plans, we issue additional shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options or the vesting of RSUs. Stock issuances can be from treasury shares or newly issued shares.

Description of the Plans

        In 2010, we adopted the Chemtura Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "2010 LTIP") which was approved by the Bankruptcy Court and became effective upon our emergence from Chapter 11. The 2010 LTIP provides for grants of nonqualified stock options ("NQO's"), incentive stock options ("ISO's"), stock appreciation rights, dividend equivalent rights, stock units, bonus stock, performance awards, share awards, restricted stock, time-based RSU's and performance-based RSUs. The 2010 LTIP provides for the issuance of a maximum of 11 million shares. Stock options may be granted under the 2010 LTIP at prices equal to the fair market value of the underlying common shares on the date of the grant. All outstanding stock options will expire not more than ten years from the date of the grant.

        During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had 4.9 million and 5.3 million shares available for grant, respectively.

        Total stock-based compensation expense, including amounts for RSUs and stock options, was $14 million, $24 million and $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

        In 2013, stock-based compensation expense of $12 million, $1 million and $1 million was reported in SG&A, COGS and earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively. In 2012, stock-based compensation expense of $19 million, $3 million and $2 million was reported in SG&A, COGS and loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively. In 2011, stock-based compensation expense of $21 million, $3 million, and $2 million was reported in SG&A, COGS and earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

12) STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (Continued)

        In 2013, approximately 23% of the stock-based compensation expense was allocated to our operating segments. In 2012 and 2011, approximately 24% of the stock-based compensation expense was allocated to our operating segments. All other stock-based compensation expense has been allocated to Corporate.

Stock Options

        In March 2013, the compensation committee of our Board (the "Compensation Committee") approved the grant of 0.4 million NQOs under the 2013 long-term incentive awards (the "2013 Awards"). These options vest ratably over a three-year period.

        In March 2012, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.8 million NQOs under the 2012 long-term incentive awards (the "2012 Awards"). These options vest ratably over a three-year period.

        In March 2011, under the 2010 emergence incentive plan (the "2010 EIP"), we granted 0.8 million NQOs. One third vested immediately, one third vested on March 31, 2012 and one third vested on March 31, 2013.

        In March 2011, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 1.4 million NQOs under the 2011 long-term awards (the "2011 Awards"). These options will vest ratably over a three-year period.

        We use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the fair value of NQOs. We have elected to recognize compensation cost for NQOs equally over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche, as if multiple awards were granted. Using this method, the weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the years ended December 31, 2013, December 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 was $9.92, $8.15 and $8.39, respectively. The Black-Scholes option-pricing model requires the use of various assumptions.

        The following table presents the weighted average assumptions used:

 
  Year Ended
December 31,
 
 
  2013   2012   2011  

Dividend yield

    0.0 %   0.0 %   0.0 %

Expected volatility

    51.0 %   56.7 %   53.8 %

Risk-free interest rate

    1.0 %   1.2 %   2.5 %

Expected life (in years)

    6     6     6  

        The weighted average expected life of six years for the 2013, 2012 and 2011 grants reflects the simplified method, which defines the expected life as the average of the contractual term of the options and the weighted average vesting period for all option tranches. We continue to use the simplified method because there is insufficient data to develop a justifiable expected term. Expected volatility for the 2013, 2012 and 2011 awards of NQOs is based primarily on a combination of the historical volatility prior to our entering into Chapter 11 and historical volatility since emergence from Chapter 11.

        A summary of our stock option activities for 2013, 2012 and 2011 is summarized as follows:

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12) STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (Continued)

 
  Price Per Share    
  Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
   
 
 
   
  Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
 
 
  Shares
(in millions)
 
 
  Average  

Outstanding at 1/1/11

  $ 15.50     0.8              

Granted

    16.03     2.2              

Lapsed

    15.91     (0.2 )            
                       

Outstanding at 12/31/11

    15.90     2.8     9.1   $  

Granted

    15.39     0.8              

Exercised

    15.77     (0.3 )         1  

Lapsed

    15.76     (0.2 )            
                       

Outstanding at 12/31/12

    15.79     3.1     8.3     17  

Granted

    20.50     0.4              

Exercised

    15.83     (0.5 )         4  

Lapsed

    16.78     (0.2 )            
                       

Outstanding at 12/31/13

  $ 16.46     2.8     7.4     32  
                       
                       

Exercisable at 12/31/11

  $ 15.68     0.7              

Exercisable at 12/31/12

  $ 15.81     1.3              

Exercisable at 12/31/13

  $ 15.83     1.7     6.9   $ 20  

        Total remaining unrecognized compensation cost associated with unvested stock options at December 31, 2013 was $3 million, which will be recognized over the weighted average period of approximately 2 years.

Restricted Stock Awards

        In March 2013, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.2 million time-based RSUs under the 2013 Awards. These RSUs vest ratably over a three-year period.

        In March 2013, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.2 million performance shares under the 2013 Awards. The share grant is subject to a performance multiplier of up to 2 times the targeted award. The performance measurement period is the three calendar year period ending December 31, 2015, the performance share metric used will be our relative total shareholder return against the companies comprising the Russell 3000 Index, and the performance shares will be settled on March 1, 2016. We used the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value of the performance shares. Using this method, the average per share fair value of these awards was $27.27.

        In March 2012, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.6 million time-based RSUs under the 2012 Awards. These RSUs vest ratably over a three-year period.

        In March 2012, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.3 million performance shares under the 2012 Awards. The share grant is subject to a performance multiplier of up to 2 times the targeted award. The performance measurement period is the three calendar year period ending December 31, 2014, the performance share metric used will be our relative total shareholder return against the companies comprising the Russell 3000 Index, and the performance shares will be settled on March 1, 2015. We used the Monte-Carlo simulation model to determine the fair value of the performance shares. Using this method, the average per share fair value of these awards was $25.38.

        In March 2011, under the 2010 EIP, we granted 0.4 million time-based RSUs with a fair market value of the quoted closing price of our stock on that date. One third vested immediately, one third vested on March 31, 2012 and one third vests on March 31, 2013.

        In March 2011, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.4 million time-based RSUs under the 2011 Awards. These RSUs vest ratably over a three-year period.

        In March 2011, we established the initial allocations under the 2010 EAP, which was previously approved by the Bankruptcy Court and provided designated participants with the opportunity to share in a pool of up to 1 million fully vested shares of common stock. The portion of the 2010 EAP pool to be distributed was determined by Chemtura's consolidated EBITDA during the 2011 fiscal year. In March 2012, the compensation committee approved the allocation of specified percentage

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

12) STOCK INCENTIVE PLANS (Continued)

interests in the 2010 EAP pool among designated participants, including our named executive officers. Under the formula approved by the Bankruptcy Court, our 2011 consolidated EBITDA resulted in a payout of 57% of the total 2010 EAP pool of 1 million, or 0.6 million, which were distributed to the participants in March 2012.

        In February 2011, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 0.1 million time-based RSU's to non-employee directors with a fair market value of the quoted closing price of our stock on that date. These RSU's vested ratably over a two-year period.

        RSUs award activity for 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:

 
  Shares
(in millions)
  Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
  Aggregate
Fair Value
(in millions)
 

Unvested RSU awards, January 1, 2011

    0.3   $ 15.50        

Canceled

    (0.1 )   15.97        

Granted

    1.0     16.00        

Vested

    (0.3 )   15.74   $ 5  
                 

Unvested RSU awards, December 31, 2011

    0.9     15.91     10  

Cancelled

    (0.1 )   18.04        

Granted

    1.5     17.72        

Vested

    (1.0 )   15.93     17  
                 

Unvested RSU awards, December 31, 2012

    1.3     17.85     27  

Cancelled

    (0.2 )   20.21        

Granted

    0.4     23.18        

Vested

    (0.5 )   16.07     8  
                 

Unvested RSU awards, December 31, 2013

    1.0   $ 20.53   $ 30  
                 
                 

        Total remaining unrecognized compensation expense associated with unvested RSUs at December 31, 2013 was $10 million, which will be recognized over the weighted average period of approximately 2 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        In May 2012, our shareholders approved the Chemtura Corporation 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). This plan permits eligible employees to annually elect to have up to 10% of their compensation withheld and applied to the purchase of shares of Chemtura's common stock. Purchases are made at the end of quarterly offering periods and are based on the lower of the fair market value of the shares on the first and last trading days during the offering period. A total of 1 million shares are authorized to be issued under the ESPP, including up to 0.1 million shares per offering period and 0.3 million shares per plan year. As of December 31, 2013, approximately 0.9 million shares are available for future issuance under this plan.

Tax Benefits of Stock-Based Compensation Plans

        ASC 718 Stock Compensation requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of grant-date fair value be presented in the cash flows from financing section of our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We did not obtain any cash tax benefit associated with shares exercised during the year ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 as we utilized net operating losses. Cash proceeds received from option exercises during 2013 and 2012 was $8 million and $5 million, respectively.

13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS

        We have several defined benefit and defined contribution pension plans covering substantially all of our domestic employees and certain international employees. Benefits under the defined benefit plans are primarily based on the employees' years of service and compensation during employment. Effective January 1, 2006, we eliminated future earnings benefits to participants of our domestic defined benefit plans for non-bargained employees. All active non-bargained employees would subsequently earn benefits under defined contribution plans for all service incurred on or after January 1, 2006. Our funding policy for the defined benefit plans is based on contributions at the minimum annual amounts required by law plus such amounts as we may deem appropriate. Contributions for the defined contribution plans are determined as a percentage of the covered employee's salary. Plan assets consist of publicly traded securities and mutual funds and investments in commingled funds administered by independent investment advisors.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

        International employees are covered by various pension benefit arrangements, some of which are considered to be defined benefit plans for financial reporting purposes. Assets of these plans are comprised primarily of equity investments and fixed-income investments. Benefits under these plans are primarily based upon levels of compensation. Funding policies are based on legal requirements, tax considerations and local practices.

        We also provide health and life insurance benefits for substantially all of our active domestic employees and certain retired and international employees. These plans are generally not prefunded and are paid by us as incurred.

        In November 2009, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order (the "2009 OPEB Order") approving, in part, our motion (the "2009 OPEB Motion") requesting authorization to modify certain post-retirement welfare benefits (the "OPEB Benefits") under our post-retirement welfare benefit plans (the "OPEB Plans"), including the OPEB Benefits of certain Uniroyal salaried retirees (the "Uniroyal Salaried Retirees"). On April 5, 2010, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order denying the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees' motion to reconsider the 2009 OPEB Order based, among other things, on the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees' failure to file a timely objection to the 2009 OPEB Motion. On April 8, 2010, the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees appealed the Bankruptcy Court's April 5, 2010 order and on April 14, 2010, sought a stay pending their appeal (the "Stay") of the 2009 OPEB Order as to our right to modify the OPEB Benefits. On April 21, 2010, the Bankruptcy Court ordered us not to modify the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees' OPEB Benefits, pending a hearing and decision as to the Stay. After consulting with the official committees of unsecured creditors and equity security holders, we requested that the Bankruptcy Court have a hearing to decide, as a matter of law, whether we have the right to modify the OPEB Benefits of the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees as requested in the 2009 OPEB Motion. In November 2011, we reached an agreement in principle with a steering committee of the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees resolving all disputes concerning the 2009 OPEB Motion. On February 21, 2012, we filed a motion with the Bankruptcy Court seeking approval of a settlement stipulation with the steering committee of the Uniroyal Salaried Retirees based upon the prior agreement in principle and authorizing us to implement changes to the OPEB Benefits of all Uniroyal Salaried Retirees based upon the settlement stipulation and as a partial grant of the relief requested in the 2009 OPEB Motion. The Bankruptcy Court approved the motion at a hearing held on March 29, 2012. The changes were communicated to the participants in May 2012. The impact of the change was an $8 million increase to the projected benefit obligation, which we recorded in the second quarter of 2012 as an increase to the pension and post-retirement healthcare liabilities, with an offset reflected within AOCL on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2012.

        In May 2011, one of our UK subsidiaries entered into definitive agreements with the trustees of the Great Lakes U.K. Limited Pension Plan ("the UK Pension Plan") over the terms of a "recovery plan" which provided for a series of additional cash contributions to be made to reduce the underfunding over time. The agreements provided, among other things, for our UK subsidiary to make cash contributions of £60 million (approximately $95 million) in just over a three year period, with the initial contribution of £30 million ($49 million) made in the second quarter of 2011, the second contribution of £15 million ($24 million) made in the second quarter of 2012 and the third contribution of £8 million ($11 million) made in the second quarter of 2013. The final contribution of £8 million ($11 million) is expected to be made in the second quarter of 2014. The agreements also provided for the granting of both a security interest and a guarantee to support certain of the liabilities under the UK Pension Plan.

        There was also an evaluation being undertaken as to whether additional benefit obligations exist in connection with the equalization of certain benefits under the UK Pension Plan that occurred in the early 1990s. Based on the results of the evaluation in 2011, $8 million of expense was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2011, which was subject to adjustment as further information is gathered as part of the evaluation. Additional information has been gathered and evaluated during the second quarter of 2013 and resulted in a reduction of the estimated liability from that originally estimated. Accordingly we recorded $2 million of income to SG&A in the second quarter of 2013. When we reach agreement with the trustees of the UK Pension Plan as to what additional benefit obligations exist, our UK subsidiary is required to make additional cash contributions to the UK Pension Plan.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

Benefit Obligations

 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans    
   
 
 
  Qualified
Domestic Plans
  International and
Non-Qualified
Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care
Plans
 
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2013   2012   2013   2012  

Change in projected benefit obligation:

                                     

Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year

  $ 1,040   $ 971   $ 499   $ 420   $ 124   $ 116  

Service cost

        1     3     3         1  

Interest cost

    30     43     19     21     4     5  

Plan participants' contributions

            1              

Actuarial (gains) losses

    (69 )   86     11     58     (20 )   5  

Benefits paid

    (51 )   (61 )   (19 )   (19 )   (10 )   (12 )

Plan amendments

                        8  

Business divestitures(a)

    (327 )                    

Settlements

            (6 )   (1 )        

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

            11     17     (2 )   1  
                           

Projected benefit obligation at end of year

  $ 623   $ 1,040   $ 519   $ 499   $ 96   $ 124  
                           

Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year

  $ 622   $ 1,039   $ 506   $ 490              
                               
                               

Weighted-average year-end assumptions used to determine benefit obligations:

                                     

Discount rate

    4.60 %   3.80 %   4.18 %   4.03 %   4.35 %   3.56 %

Rate of compensation increase

    3.00 %   3.00 %   2.85 %   2.77 %   N/A     N/A  

Health care cost trend rate

                            6.27 %   6.47 %

(a)
Business divestitures includes the transfer of $315 million of projected benefit obligations with the sale of our Antioxidants business in April 2013 and $12 million with the sale of our Consumer Products business in December 2013.

        A 6.27% weighted-average rate of increase in the health care cost trend rate was assumed for the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation as of December 31, 2013. The rate was assumed to decrease gradually to a weighted average rate of 5.0% over approximately the next 6 to 8 years. Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the post-retirement benefit obligation reported for the health care plans. A one percentage point increase in assumed health care cost trend rates would increase the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation by $4 million for health care benefits as of December 31, 2013. A one percentage point decrease in assumed health care cost trend rates would decrease the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation by $4 million for health care benefits as of December 31, 2013.

Plan Assets

 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans    
   
 
 
  Qualified
Domestic Plans
  International and
Non-Qualified
Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care
Plans
 
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2013   2012   2013   2012  

Change in plan assets:

                                     

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

  $ 814   $ 737   $ 370   $ 306   $   $  

Actual return on plan assets

    51     98     30     29          

Employer contributions

    20     40     27     39     10     12  

Plan participants' contributions

            1              

Benefits paid

    (51 )   (61 )   (19 )   (19 )   (10 )   (12 )

Business divestitures(a)

    (239 )                    

Settlements

            (6 )            

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

            5     15          
                           

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

  $ 595   $ 814   $ 408   $ 370   $   $  
                           
                           

(a)
Business divestitures includes the transfer of $233 million of plan assets with the sale of our Antioxidants business in April 2013 and $6 million of plan assets with the sale of our Consumer Products business in December 2013.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

        Our pension plan assets are managed by outside investment managers. For our U.S. qualified pension plans, the Employee Investment Committee ("EIC") appointed SEI Investments Management Corporation ("SEI") as an investment manager effective February 1, 2012. The assets of the plans were transitioned from previous investment managers to SEI at the end of March 2012. SEI has assisted the EIC in developing a suitable asset allocation, selecting appropriate investment managers, monitoring and evaluating the performance of such managers. For our Canadian non-qualified pension plans, the EIC appointed Northern Trust as the investment manager effective January 2013 and transitioned the plan assets from the previous investment managers in February 2013. For our UK pension plans, the EIC appointed Mercer Limited as the investment manager effective in July and August 2013 and transitioned the plan assets from previous investment managers in August and November 2013. Assets are monitored regularly to ensure they are within the range of parameters as set forth by the EIC. Our investment strategy with respect to pension assets is to achieve the expected rate of return within an acceptable or appropriate level of risk. Our investment strategy is designed to promote diversification, to moderate volatility and to attempt to balance the expected return with risk levels. The target allocations for qualified domestic plans are 32% equity securities, 58% fixed income securities and 10% to all other types of investments. The weighted average target allocations for international pension plans are 39% equity securities, 27% fixed income securities and 34% to all other types of investments.

        The fair values of our defined benefit pension plan assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012, by asset category are as follows:

 
  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2013  
 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans  
 
  Qualified Domestic Plans   International and Non-Qualified Plans  
(In millions)
  Total   Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  Total   Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Equity securities:

                                                 

Pooled equity(a)

  $ 141   $ 141   $   $   $ 146   $ 12   $ 134   $  

Fixed income securities:

                                                 

U.S. government bonds(b)

    71         71                      

International government bonds(b)

                    2         2      

U.S. corporate bonds(c)

                                 

Pooled fixed income funds(d)

    287     287             247         243     4  

Alternative collective funds(e)

    91             91                  

Other instruments(f)

    1     1             11             11  

Cash & cash equivalents

    4     4             2     2          
                                   

  $ 595   $ 433   $ 71   $ 91   $ 408   $ 14   $ 379   $ 15  
                                   
                                   

 

 
  Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2012  
 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans  
 
  Qualified Domestic Plans   International and Non-Qualified Plans  
(in millions)
  Total   Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
  Total   Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical
Assets
(Level 1)
  Significant
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
  Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
 

Equity securities:

                                                 

Pooled equity(a)

  $ 288   $ 288   $   $   $ 168   $ 25   $ 143   $  

Fixed income securities:

                                                 

U.S. government bonds(b)

    74         74                      

International government bonds(b)

                    62         62      

U.S. corporate bonds(c)

                    1         1      

Pooled fixed income funds(e)

    331     331             131         131      

Alternative collective funds(e)

    120             120                  

Other instruments(f)

    1     1             7             7  

Cash & cash equivalents

                    1     1          
                                   

  $ 814   $ 620   $ 74   $ 120   $ 370   $ 26   $ 337   $ 7  
                                   
                                   

(a)
Pooled equity funds include mutual and collective funds that invest primarily in marketable equity securities of various sized companies in a diverse set of industries in various regions of the world. Shares of publicly traded mutual funds are valued at the closing price reported on the U.S. and international exchanges where the underlying securities are actively traded. Units of collective funds are valued at the per unit value determined by the fund manager, which is based on market price of the underlying securities.

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13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

(b)
U.S. and international government bonds include U.S. treasury, municipal and agency obligations and international government debt. Such instruments are valued at quoted market prices for those instruments or on institutional bid valuations. The decrease in the value of the international bonds is primarily due to changing the investment manager of our UK plans and shifting assets into pooled fixed income funds in 2013.

(c)
U.S. and international corporate bonds are from a diverse set of industries and regions. Such instruments are valued using similar securities in active markets and observable data or broker or dealer quotations.

(d)
Pooled fixed income funds are fixed income funds that invest primarily in corporate and government bonds. Such instruments are valued using similar securities in active markets and observable data or broker or dealer quotations. The increase in the value of the pooled fixed income funds of our international plans includes the transfer of assets in from international bonds as noted in (b).

(e)
Alternative collective funds include funds that invest mainly in asset backed securities, real estate funds, hedge funds and other alternative investments. The underlying funds are valued based on the net asset values of the investments as determined by the respective individual fund administrators on a daily, weekly or monthly basis depending on the fund. Such valuations are reviewed by the portfolio managers who determine the value of collective funds based on these inputs. Certain of these funds have lock up periods and all of them have notification periods. Due to the process used to value these funds and the restricted trading, we have categorized these funds as level 3.

(f)
Other instruments include primarily annuities and real estate funds instruments for which there are significant unobservable inputs and therefore have been classified as level 3.

 
  Alternative
Collective Funds
  Other
Instruments
  Total Level 3
Investments
 

Balance at December 31, 2012

  $ 120   $ 7   $ 127  

Transfers to/(from) Level 3(a)

    (39 )   8     (31 )

Realized gains

    1         1  

Unrealized gains

    9     1     10  

Disbursements

        (1 )   (1 )
               

Balance at December 31, 2013

  $ 91   $ 15   $ 106  
               
               

(a)
Transfers from the alternative collective funds in 2013 are due to the U.S. plan transferring assets from these funds into other SEI level 1 and level 2 funds.

Funded Status

        The funded status at the end of the year, and the related amounts recognized on the statement of financial condition, are as follows:

 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans    
   
 
 
  Qualified
Domestic Plans
  International and
Non-Qualified
Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care
Plans
 
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2013   2012   2013   2012  

Funded status, end of year:

                                     

Fair value of plan assets

  $ 595   $ 814   $ 408   $ 370   $   $  

Benefit obligations

    623     1,040     519     499     96     124  
                           

Net amount recognized

  $ (28 ) $ (226 ) $ (111 ) $ (129 ) $ (96 ) $ (124 )
                           
                           

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at the end of year consist of:

                                     

Noncurrent assets

  $   $   $ 30   $ 13   $   $  

Current liability

            (9 )   (8 )   (9 )   (11 )

Noncurrent liability

    (28 )   (139 )   (132 )   (134 )   (87 )   (113 )

Liabilities of discontinued operations(a)

        (87 )                
                           

Net amount recognized

  $ (28 ) $ (226 ) $ (111 ) $ (129 ) $ (96 ) $ (124 )
                           
                           

Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss consist of:

                                     

Net actuarial loss/(gain)

  $ 219   $ 427   $ 120   $ 121   $ 31   $ 54  

Prior service cost/(credit)

        1         1     (40 )   (45 )
                           

  $ 219   $ 428   $ 120   $ 122   $ (9 ) $ 9  
                           
                           

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13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)


(a)
Liabilities of discontinued operations at December 31, 2012 included estimated net pension liabilities of $80 million related to our Antioxidants business and $7 million related to our Consumer Products business. The actuarial valuation of those net pension liabilities were completed upon closing of the transactions and resulted in the transfer of $82 million upon closing the sale of our Antioxidants business in April 2013 and $6 million upon closing the sale of Consumer Products in December 2013. See Note 2—Acquisitions and Divestitures for additional information related to these transactions.

        The estimated amounts that will be amortized from AOCL into net periodic benefit cost (credit) in 2014 are as follows:

(In millions)
  Qualified
Domestic
Plans
  International
and
Non-Qualified
Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care
Plans
 

Actuarial loss

  $ 10   $ 5   $ 2  

Prior service credit

            (5 )
               

Total amortization cost (credit)

  $ 10   $ 5   $ (3 )
               
               

        As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the current liabilities positions are included in accrued expenses in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current liabilities positions are shown as pension and post-retirement health care liabilities.

        Our funding assumptions for our domestic pension plans assume no significant change with regards to demographics, legislation, plan provisions, or actuarial assumptions or methods to determine the estimated funding requirements. We contributed approximately $57 million and $91 million to our pension and post retirement plans in 2013 and 2012, respectively. The 2013 contribution includes $11 million for one of our UK pension plans as required by the "recovery plan" agreed to with the trustees of that plan and a $10 million discretionary contribution to one of our domestic qualified plans. The 2012 contribution included $24 million for one of our UK pension plans as required by the "recovery plan" agreed to with the trustees of that plan. There were no discretionary contributions to our domestic qualified plan in 2012 or to our international plans during 2013 and 2012.

        The projected benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension and post-retirement plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at end of year:

             

Projected benefit obligation

  $ 876   $ 1,378  

Fair value of plan assets

    612     887  

        The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for pension and post-retirement plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at end of year:

             

Projected benefit obligation

  $ 778   $ 1,225  

Accumulated benefit obligation

    777     1,223  

Fair value of plan assets

    611     859  

Expected Cash Flows

        Information about the expected cash flows for the domestic qualified defined benefit plans, international and non-qualified defined benefit plans and post-retirement health care plans are as follows:

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

 
  Defined Benefit
Pension Plans
   
 
(in millions)
  Qualified
Domestic
Plans
  International
and
Non-Qualified
Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care
Plans
 

Expected Employer Contributions:(a)

                   

2014

  $   $ 17   $ 9  

Expected Benefit Payments(b):

                   

2014

    46     23     9  

2015

    46     23     9  

2016

    45     24     8  

2017

    45     25     8  

2018

    45     26     8  

2019 - 2023

    214     134     32  

(a)
The expected employer contributions reflect the minimum required by law or contractual obligation. We may elect to make additional discretionary contributions as deemed appropriate consistent with past practice.

(b)
The expected benefit payments are based on the same assumptions used to measure our benefit obligation at the end of the year and include benefits attributable to estimated future employee service.

Net Periodic Cost

 
  Defined Benefit Pension Plans    
   
   
 
 
  Qualified
Domestic Plans(a)
  International and
Non-Qualified Plans
  Post-Retirement
Health Care Plans
 
(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011   2013   2012   2011   2013   2012   2011  

Components of net periodic benefit cost (credit):

                                                       

Service cost

  $   $ 1   $ 1   $ 3   $ 3   $ 3   $   $ 1   $ 1  

Interest cost

    30     43     46     20     21     22     4     5     5  

Expected return on plan assets

    (45 )   (54 )   (56 )   (23 )   (22 )   (18 )            

Amortization of prior service cost

                            (5 )   (6 )   (6 )

Recognized actuarial losses

    14     14     12     5     2     2     2     3     2  

Curtailment loss recognized

                1                      

Settlement loss recognized(b)

    32                                  
                                       

Net periodic benefit cost

  $ 31   $ 4   $ 3   $ 6   $ 4   $ 9   $ 1   $ 3   $ 2  
                                       
                                       

(a)
The net periodic benefit cost, excluding the settlement loss recognized, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 include pension expense related to the earnings (loss) from discontinued operations of $1 million, $2 million and $2 million, respectively.

(b)
The settlement loss recognized in 2013 includes a loss of $40 million related to the divestiture of our Antioxidants business in April 2013 (included in loss on sale of discontinued operations), partly offset by a $2 million gain related to the divestiture of our Consumer Products business (included in loss on sale of discontinued operations) and a $6 million gain related to an adjustment for a legacy pension plan ($2 million included in SG&A and $4 million in loss from discontinued operations).

 
  2013   2012   2011   2013   2012   2011   2013   2012   2011  

Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net cost:

                                                       

Discount rate

    3.80 %   4.60 %   5.10 %   3.89 %   4.64 %   5.14 %   3.71 %   4.15 %   5.14 %

Expected return on plan assets

    7.50 %   7.50 %   7.75 %   6.53 %   6.71 %   6.80 %                  

Rate of compensation increase

    3.00 %   4.00 %   4.00 %   2.77 %   3.22 %   3.34 %                  

        The expected return on pension plan assets is based on our investment strategy, historical experience, and our expectations for long term rates of return. We determine the long-term rate of return assumptions for the domestic and international pension plans based on its investment allocation between various asset classes. The expected rate of return on plan assets is derived by

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13) PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT PLANS (Continued)

applying the expected returns on various asset classes to our target asset allocation. The expected returns are based on the expected performance of the various asset classes and are further supported by historical investment returns. We utilized a weighted average expected long-term rate of 7.50% on all domestic assets and a weighted average rate of 6.53% for the international plan assets for the year ended December 31, 2013.

        Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the service and interest cost components reported for the health care plans. A one percentage point increase in assumed health care cost trend rates increases the service and interest cost components of net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost by less than $1 million for 2013. A one percentage point decrease in assumed health care cost trend rates decreases the service and interest cost components of net periodic post-retirement health care benefit cost by less than $1 million for 2013.

        Our cost of the defined contribution plans was $11 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011.

14) DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

        Our activities expose our earnings, cash flows and financial condition to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and energy prices. We maintain a risk management strategy that may utilize derivative instruments to mitigate risk against foreign currency movements and to manage energy price volatility. We do not enter into derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

        We have exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates resulting from transactions entered into by us and our foreign subsidiaries in currencies other than their functional currency (primarily trade payables and receivables). We are also exposed to currency risk on intercompany transactions (including intercompany loans). We manage these currency risks on a consolidated basis, which allows us to net our exposure.

        In September 2013, we entered into a €25 million notional put option and €25 million notional value forward contract to reduce the risk of currency exposure related to the Euro in one of our consolidated subsidiaries. These contracts matured in October 2013. Additionally, during the first half of 2013, we entered into a zero cost collar contract and two additional forward contracts to reduce the risk of currency exposure related to the Euro in one of our consolidated subsidiaries. These contracts matured at various times during the second quarter of 2013. We utilized fair value accounting methods for these contracts and recorded net realized gains of $2 million reflecting the changes in fair market value of these contracts in other income, net in 2013.

        In April 2012, we purchased two forward contracts with a notional amount totaling $25 million to reduce the risk of currency exposure related to the remaining two annual installments of proceeds from the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd. in 2011. We utilize fair value accounting methods for these contracts. During the quarter ended June 30, 2013, one of these contracts settled and we recorded a realized gain of less than $1 million in other income, net. We have recorded an unrealized gain of less than $1 million reflecting the changes in the fair market value on the remaining contract in other income, net in 2013. The resulting net liability of the changes in fair market value of the remaining contract of less than $1 million has been accounted for in other current assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

        In June 2012, we purchased and settled a forward contract with a notional amount totaling $8 million to reduce the risk of currency exposure related to the payment of an intercompany payable denominated in Mexican Pesos. We used fair value accounting methods for these contracts and have recorded a gain of less than $1 million reflecting the changes in the fair market value of these contracts in other income, net in 2012.

        The net effect of the realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in other income (expense), net on foreign exchange transactions including these forward contracts resulted in a pre-tax loss of $7 million, $6 million and $2 million in 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

15) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial Instruments

        The carrying amounts for cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, other current assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities, approximate their fair value because of the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value of debt is based primarily on quoted market values.

        The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of material financial instruments used by us in the normal course of our business:

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15) FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS (Continued)

 
  2013   2012  
(In millions)
  Carrying
Amount
  Fair
Value
  Carrying
Amount
  Fair
Value
 

Total debt

  $ 898   $ 916   $ 876   $ 920  

Fair Value Measurements

        We apply provisions of ASC 820 with respect to our financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value within the financial statements on a recurring basis. ASC 820 specifies a hierarchy of valuation techniques based on whether the inputs to those valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy specified by ASC 820 is as follows:

        Level 1 fair value measurements in 2013 and 2012 included securities purchased in connection with the deferral of compensation, our match and investment earnings related to the supplemental savings plan. These securities are considered our general assets until distributed to the participant and are included in other assets in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. A corresponding liability is included in other liabilities at December 31, 2013 and 2012 in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Quoted market prices were used to determine fair values of these Level 1 investments which are held in a trust with a third-party brokerage firm. The fair value of the asset and corresponding liability was $3 million and $2 million at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

        Level 2 fair value measurements are used to value our financial instruments subject to foreign exchange risk (see Note 14—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities). For the year ended December 31, 2013, there were no transfers into or out of Level 1 and Level 2.

        Level 3 fair value measurements are utilized in our impairment reviews of Goodwill (see Note 6—Goodwill and Intangible Assets).

        During the second quarter of 2013, we obtained an investment in non-public preferred equity securities with a face value of $9 million. We have estimated the fair value to be $4 million, utilizing Level 3 measurements, where the fair value estimate is determined internally based on business and market sector fundamentals. We have reported the fair value of this investment in Other Non-Current Assets and reported the difference between the face value and fair value in loss on sale of discontinued operations.

        Level 1, 2 and 3 fair value measurements are utilized for defined benefit plan assets in determining the funded status of our pension and post-retirement benefit plan liabilities on an annual basis (at December 31) (see Note 13—Pension and Other Post-Retirement Plans).

16) ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

        We apply the provisions of ASC Topic 410, Asset Retirements and Environmental Obligations ("ASC 410"), which requires us to make estimates regarding future events in order to record a liability for asset retirement obligations in the period in which a legal obligation is created. Such liabilities are recorded at fair value, with an offsetting increase to the carrying value of the related long-lived assets. The fair value is estimated by discounting projected cash flows over the estimated life of the assets using our credit adjusted risk-free rate applicable at the time the obligation is initially recorded. In future periods, the liability is accreted to its present value and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. We also adjust the liability for changes resulting from revisions to the timing of future cash flows or the amount of the original estimate. Upon retirement of the long-lived asset, we either settle the obligation for its recorded amount or incur a gain or loss.

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16) ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS (Continued)

        Our asset retirement obligations include estimates for all asset retirement obligations identified for our worldwide facilities. Our asset retirement obligations are primarily the result of legal obligations for the removal of leasehold improvements and restoration of premises to their original condition upon termination of leases at approximately 20 facilities; legal obligations to close approximately 90 brine supply, brine disposal, waste disposal, and hazardous waste injection wells and the related pipelines at the end of their useful lives; and decommissioning and decontamination obligations that are legally required to be fulfilled upon closure of approximately 25 of our manufacturing facilities.

        The following is a summary of the change in the carrying amount of the asset retirement obligations during 2013 and 2012, the net book value of assets related to the asset retirement obligations at December 31, 2013 and 2012 and the related depreciation expense recorded in 2013 and 2012:

(In millions)
  2013   2012  

Asset retirement obligation balance at beginning of year

  $ 20   $ 21  

Loss on sale of discontinued operations(a)

    (2 )    

Accretion expense/(benefit)—cost of goods sold(b)

    3     (1 )

Accretion expense—loss from discontinued operations(c)

        2  

Payments

    (5 )   (2 )
           

Asset retirement obligation balance at end of year

  $ 16   $ 20  
           
           

Net book value of asset retirement obligation assets at end of year

  $   $  
           
           

Depreciation expense

  $   $  
           
           

(a)
Represents the transfer of liabilities of legal entities sold with the sale of our Consumer Products business.

(b)
The accretion expense from continuing operations in 2013 reflects the increase due to additional cleanup required at our Upton Road, Canada facility and the acceleration of obligations related to our facility in Droitwich, UK due to a planned shutdown in 2014. The net accretion benefit from continuing operations in 2012 includes the reversal of certain retirement obligations due to a reduction in the underlying cost estimate.

(c)
The accretion expense from discontinued operations for 2012 primarily reflects the acceleration of obligations related to the Antioxidant business facility in Pedrengo, Italy due to the shutdown in 2013.

        At December 31, 2013, $3 million of the asset retirement obligation balance was included in accrued expenses, $12 million was included in other liabilities and $1 million was included in liabilities held for sale in our Consolidated Balance Sheet. At December 31, 2012, $6 million of the asset retirement obligation balance was included in accrued expenses, $11 million was included in other liabilities and $3 million was included in current liabilities of discontinued operations in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

17) EMERGENCE FROM CHAPTER 11

        On March 18, 2009, Chemtura and 26 of our U.S. affiliates (collectively the "U.S. Debtors", or the "Debtors" when used in relation to matters before August 8, 2010) filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of Title 11 of the United States Code ("Chapter 11") in the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York (the "Bankruptcy Court").

        On August 8, 2010, our Canadian subsidiary, Chemtura Canada Co/Cie ("Chemtura Canada"), filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 11. On August 11, 2010, Chemtura Canada commenced ancillary recognition proceedings under Part IV of the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (the "CCAA") in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice (the "Canadian Court" and such proceedings, the "Canadian Case"). The U.S. Debtors along with Chemtura Canada after it filed for Chapter 11 (collectively the "Debtors") requested the Bankruptcy Court to enter an order jointly administering Chemtura Canada's Chapter 11 case with the previously filed Chapter 11 cases and appoint Chemtura Canada as the "foreign representative" for the purposes of the Canadian Case. Such orders were granted on August 9, 2010. On August 11, 2010, the Canadian Court entered an order recognizing the Chapter 11 cases as "foreign proceedings" under the CCAA.

        On November 3, 2010, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming the Debtors' plan of reorganization (the "Plan"). On November 10, 2010, (the "Effective Date"), the Debtors substantially consummated their reorganization through a series of transactions contemplated by the Plan and the Plan became effective. At the Effective Date, we determined that we did not meet the requirements under ASC Section 852-10-45 to adopt fresh start accounting because the reorganized value of our assets exceeded the carrying value of our liabilities. Fresh start accounting would have required us to record assets and liabilities at fair value at the Effective Date.

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17) EMERGENCE FROM CHAPTER 11 (Continued)

        The Plan provided for payment in full including interest in certain circumstances on all allowed claims and the establishment of several reserves for disputed claims as of the Effective Date. On May 4, 2012, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order disallowing and expunging the last disputed claims in the Chapter 11 cases. All disputed claims that were ultimately allowed by the Bankruptcy Court have been satisfied by payment from the disputed claims reserve established under the Plan. Under the Plan, on the Effective Date, holders of common stock issued before the Debtors filed for Chapter 11 ("Holders of Interests") received a distribution of new common stock in accordance with the Plan together with the potential right to receive supplemental distributions in certain circumstances. Since the Effective Date, four supplemental distributions were made to Holders of Interests, with the fourth and final supplemental distribution, which included all amounts remaining in the disputed claims reserves, having been made in July 2012.

        On January 31, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court granted Chemtura's motion to enforce the discharge injunction under the Plan against certain tort claimants. On February 7, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court entered a written order consistent with its ruling. On February 20, 2013, the claimants appealed the Bankruptcy Court's February 7, 2013 order. On February 10, 2014, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's order enforcing the discharge injunction under the Plan.

        As of December 31, 2013, the Bankruptcy Court has entered orders granting final decrees closing all of the Debtors' Chapter 11 cases except the Chapter 11 case of Chemtura Corporation.

        The reorganization items, net recorded in our Consolidated Statements of Operations relating to our Chapter 11 cases compromise the following:

(In millions)
  2013   2012   2011  

Professional fees and other

  $ 1   $ 4     16  

Severance and closure costs(a)

            1  

Claim settlements, net(b)

        1     2  
               

Total reorganization items, net

  $ 1   $ 5     19  
               
               

(a)
Represents charges for cost savings initiatives for which Bankruptcy Court approval was obtained.

(b)
Represents the difference between the settlement amount of certain pre-petition obligations (which for obligations settled in new common stock is based on the fair value of our stock at the issuance date) and the corresponding carrying value of the recorded liabilities.

18) LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES

        We are involved in claims, litigation, administrative proceedings and investigations of various types in a number of jurisdictions. A number of such matters involve, or may involve, claims for a material amount of damages and relate to or allege, among other things, environmental liabilities, including clean-up costs associated with hazardous waste disposal sites, natural resource damages, property damage and personal injury.

Discharge of Litigation and Claims Under Chapter 11 Plan

        As a result of the Chapter 11 cases and pursuant to the Plan approved by the Bankruptcy Court, substantially all pre-petition litigation and claims against us and our subsidiaries that were Debtors in the Chapter 11 cases have been discharged and permanently enjoined from further prosecution.

        Claims and legal actions asserted against non-Debtors or relating to events occurring after the Effective Date, certain regulatory and administrative proceedings and certain contractual and other claims assumed with the authorization of the Bankruptcy Court, were not discharged in the Chapter 11 cases and are further described below.

Litigation and Claims Not Discharged Under Chapter 11 Plan

        Chemtura Manufacturing UK Limited ("CMUK") is the principal employer of the Great Lakes UK Limited Pension Plan (the "UK Pension Plan"), an occupational pension scheme that was established in the UK to provide pensions and other benefits for

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its employees. Under the UK Pension Plan, certain employees and former employees are entitled to pension benefits, most of which are defined benefits in nature, based on pensionable salary. The UK Pension Plan has approximately 580 pensioners and 690 members entitled to deferred benefits under the defined benefit section. The estimated funding deficit of the UK Pension Plan as of December 31, 2008, as measured in accordance with Section 75 of the Pension Act of 1995 (UK), was approximately £95 million.

        In 2011, Chemtura Manufacturing UK Limited ("CMUK") entered into definitive agreements with the Trustees for the Great Lakes UK Limited Pension Plan (the "UK Pension Plan") which provide, among other things, for CMUK to make cash contributions of £60 million (approximately $95 million) in just over a three year period, with the initial contribution of £30 million ($49 million) made in the second quarter of 2011, the second contribution of £15 million ($24 million) made in the second quarter of 2012 and the third contribution of £8 million ($11 million) made in the second quarter of 2013. The final contribution of £8 million ($11 million) is expected to be made in the second quarter of 2014. The agreements also provided for the granting of both a security interest and a guarantee to support certain of the liabilities under the UK Pension Plan.

        There is also an evaluation being undertaken as to whether additional benefit obligations exist in connection with the equalization of certain benefits under the UK Pension Plan that occurred in the early 1990s. Based on the results of the evaluation in 2011, $8 million of expense was recorded in the fourth quarter of 2011, which may be subject to adjustment as further information is gathered as part of the evaluation. Additional information has been gathered and evaluated during the second quarter of 2013 and resulted in a reduction of the estimated liability from that originally estimated. Accordingly we recorded $2 million of income to SG&A in the second quarter of 2013. When we reach agreement with the trustees of the UK Pension Plan as to what additional benefit obligations exist, our UK subsidiary is required to make additional cash contributions to the UK Pension Plan.

        As part of the Chapter 11 cases, under the Plan, the Debtors retained responsibility for environmental cleanup liabilities relating to currently owned or operated sites (i.e. sites that were part of the Debtors' estates) and, with certain exceptions, discharged or settled liabilities relating to formerly owned or operated sites (i.e., sites that were no longer part of the Debtors' estates) and third-party sites (i.e., sites that were never part of the Debtors' estates).

        We are involved in environmental matters of various types in a number of jurisdictions. A number of such matters involve claims for material amounts of damages and relate to or allege environmental liabilities, including clean-up costs associated with hazardous waste disposal sites and natural resource damages.

        The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended ("CERCLA"), and comparable state statutes impose strict liability upon various classes of persons with respect to the costs associated with the investigation and remediation of waste disposal sites. Such persons are typically referred to as "Potentially Responsible Parties" or PRPs. Chemtura and several of our subsidiaries have been identified by federal, state or local governmental agencies or by other PRPs, as a PRP at various locations in the United States. Because in certain circumstances these laws have been construed to authorize the imposition of joint and several liability, the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") and comparable state agencies could seek to recover all costs involving a waste disposal site from any one of the PRPs for such site, including Chemtura, despite the involvement of other PRPs. In many cases, we are one of a large number of PRPs with respect to a site. In a few instances, we are the sole or one of only a handful of PRPs performing investigation and remediation. Where other financially responsible PRPs are involved, we expect that any ultimate liability resulting from such matters will be apportioned between us and such other parties. In addition, we are involved with environmental remediation and compliance activities at some of our current and former sites in the United States and abroad.

        Each quarter, we evaluate and review estimates for future remediation and other costs to determine appropriate environmental reserve amounts. For each site where the cost of remediation is probable and reasonably estimable, we determine the specific measures that are believed to be required to remediate the site, the estimated total cost to carry out the remediation plan, the portion of the total remediation costs to be borne by us and the anticipated time frame over which payments toward the remediation plan will occur. At sites where we expect to incur ongoing operation and maintenance expenditures, we accrue on an undiscounted basis for a period of generally 10 years those costs which we believe are probable and reasonably estimable.

        On September 17, 2012, our subsidiary Great Lakes Chemical Corporation received an enforcement notice from the United States Department of Justice acting on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") which has alleged violations of a National Pollution Discharge Elimination System Permit issued under the Clean Water Act in conjunction with its facility in El Dorado, Arkansas. The EPA sought injunctive relief and civil penalties. We negotiated a consent decree with the EPA,

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18) LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

including a penalty of less than $1 million, to resolve the alleged violations, which was paid on September 6, 2013 in full satisfaction of the decree.

        The total amount accrued for environmental liabilities as of December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, was $93 million and $84 million, respectively. At December 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, $18 million and $15 million, respectively, of these environmental liabilities were reflected as accrued expenses and $75 million and $69 million, respectively, were reflected as other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We estimate that ongoing environmental liabilities could range up to $107 million at December 31, 2013. Our accruals for environmental liabilities include estimates for determinable clean-up costs. We recorded a pre-tax charge of $29 million in 2013, $7 million in 2012, and $6 million in 2011, to increase our environmental liabilities and made payments of $15 million in 2013, $12 million in 2012 and $37 million in 2011 (which included $27 million related to pre-petition liabilities) for clean-up costs, which reduced our environmental liabilities. At certain sites, we have contractual agreements with certain other parties to share remediation costs. As of December 31, 2013, no receivables are outstanding related to these agreements. At a number of these sites, the extent of contamination has not yet been fully investigated or the final scope of remediation is not yet determinable. We intend to assert all meritorious legal defenses and will pursue other equitable factors that are available with respect to these matters. However, the final cost of clean-up at these sites could exceed our present estimates, and could have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Our estimates for environmental remediation liabilities may change in the future should additional sites be identified, further remediation measures be required or undertaken, current laws and regulations be modified or additional environmental laws and regulations be enacted, and as negotiations with respect to certain sites.

        We are routinely subject to other civil claims, litigation and arbitration, and regulatory investigations, arising in the ordinary course of our business, as well as in respect of our divested businesses. Some of these claims and litigations relate to product liability claims, including claims related to our current and historic products and asbestos-related claims concerning premises and historic products of our corporate affiliates and predecessors. As discussed in Note 17, Emergence from Chapter 11, we were involved in an appeal of an order that we obtained from the Bankruptcy Court granting our motion to enforce the discharge injunction under the Plan against certain tort claimants. On February 10, 2014, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York affirmed the Bankruptcy Court's order enforcing the discharge injunction under the Plan against certain tort claimants.

        However, we cannot be certain that an adverse outcome of one or more of these claims, to the extent not discharged in the Chapter 11 cases, would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Guarantees

        In addition to the letters of credit of $14 million outstanding at December 31, 2013 and 2012, we have guarantees that have been provided to various financial institutions. At December 31, 2013 and 2012, we had $12 million in guarantees. The letters of credit and guarantees were primarily related to liabilities for insurance obligations, environmental obligations, banking and credit facilities, vendor deposits and European value added tax ("VAT") obligations.

        We have applied the disclosure provisions of ASC Topic 460, Guarantees ("ASC 460"), to our agreements that contain guarantee or indemnification clauses. We are a party to an agreement pursuant to which we may be obligated to indemnify a third party with respect to certain loan obligations of a joint venture company in which we had an equity interest. These obligations arose to provide initial financing for a joint venture start-up, fund an acquisition and/or provide project capital. Such obligations mature through May 2016. In the event that any of the joint venture companies were to default on these loan obligations, we would indemnify the other party up to its proportionate share of the obligation based upon its ownership interest in the joint venture. At December 31, 2013, the maximum potential future principal and interest payments due under these guarantees were $2 million. At December 31, 2012, the maximum potential future principal and interest payments due under these guarantees were $3 million. In accordance with ASC 460, we have accrued less than $1 million in reserves, which represents the fair value of these guarantees at December 31, 2013 and 2012. The reserve has been included in long-term liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2013 and 2012 with an offset to other assets.

        In addition, we have financing agreements with banks in Brazil for certain customers under which we receive funds from the banks at invoice date, and in turn, the customer agrees to pay the banks on the due date. We provide a full recourse guarantee to the banks in the event of customer non-payment.

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        At December 31, 2013, unconditional purchase obligations primarily for commitments to purchase raw materials and tolling arrangements with outside vendors, amounted to $3 million (2014), $1 million (2015), $1 million (2016) and $5 million in the aggregate.

        In the ordinary course of business, we enter into contractual arrangements under which we may agree to indemnify a third party to such arrangement from any losses incurred relating to the services they perform on our behalf or for losses arising from certain events as defined within the particular contract, which may include, for example, litigation, claims or environmental matters relating to our past performance. For any losses that we believe are probable and estimable, we have accrued for such amounts in our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

19) BUSINESS SEGMENTS

        We evaluate a segment's performance based on several factors, of which the primary factor is operating income (loss). In computing operating income (loss) by segment, the following items have not been deducted: (1) general corporate expense; (2) amortization; (3) facility closures, severance and related costs; (4) gain (loss) on sale of business; (5) changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims; and (6) impairment charges. Pursuant to ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting ("ASC 280"), these items have been excluded from our presentation of segment operating income (loss) because they are not reported to the chief operating decision maker for purposes of allocating resources among reporting segments or assessing segment performance.

Industrial Performance Products

        Industrial Performance Products are engineered solutions for our customers' specialty chemical needs. Industrial Performance Products include petroleum additives that provide detergency, friction modification and corrosion protection in automotive lubricants, greases, refrigeration and turbine lubricants as well as synthetic lubricant base-stocks and greases; castable urethane prepolymers engineered to provide superior abrasion resistance and durability in many industrial and recreational applications; and polyurethane dispersions and urethane prepolymers used in various types of coatings such as clear floor finishes, high-gloss paints and textiles treatments. These products are sold directly to manufacturers and through distribution channels.

Industrial Engineered Products

        Industrial Engineered Products are chemical additives designed to improve the performance of polymers in their end-use applications. Industrial Engineered Products include brominated performance products, flame retardants, fumigants and organometallics. The products are sold across the entire value chain ranging from direct sales to monomer producers, polymer manufacturers, compounders and fabricators, manufacturers of electronic components, fine chemical manufacturers, utilities, pharmaceutical manufacturers and oilfield service companies to industry distributors.

Chemtura AgroSolutions

        Chemtura AgroSolutions develops, supplies, registers and sells agricultural chemicals formulated for specific crops in various geographic regions for the purpose of enhancing quality and improving yields. The business focuses on specific target markets in six major product lines: seed treatments, fungicides, miticides, insecticides, growth regulators and herbicides. These products are sold mainly to distributors and retailers in the agricultural sector.

Corporate and Other Charges

        Corporate includes costs and expenses that are of a general corporate nature or managed on a corporate basis. These costs (net of allocations to the business segments) primarily represent corporate stewardship and administration activities together with costs associated with legacy activities and intangible asset amortization. Functional costs are allocated between the business segments and general corporate expense. Certain functional and other expenses that are managed company-wide that were allocated to the Antioxidant and Consumer Products businesses do not transfer directly under the sale agreements. As such, in historic periods these costs are shown as part of continuing operations in the corporate segment and not included under earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax. These costs approximate $20 million, $26 million and $30 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Additionally, our Corporate segment excludes $8 million, $14 million and $16 million for 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, of amortization expense related directly to our Antioxidant business and Consumer Product segment which has been included in earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. Facility closures, severance and related costs are primarily for severance costs related to our cost savings initiatives. The gain on sale of business relates to the sale of our 50% interest in Tetrabrom Technologies Ltd. in 2011. Impairment charges primarily relate to the impairment of intangibles assets and property, plant and equipment that were no

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19) BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Continued)

longer supportable in 2011. Change in estimates related to expected allowable claims relates to adjustments to resolve disputed claims.

        Corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, intangible assets (including goodwill) and other assets (including deferred tax assets) maintained for general corporate purposes.

Discontinued Operations

        In November 2012, we announced the sale of our Antioxidant business, which closed on April 30, 2013. As a result of entering into this transaction, the assets and liabilities included in the Antioxidant Sale have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for comparative periods and earnings and direct costs associated with the Antioxidant business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax for current and comparative periods. The Antioxidant business was formerly included in the Industrial Performance Product segment.

        On October 10, 2013, we announced the sale of our investment in legal entities dedicated to the Consumer Products business, which closed on December 31, 2013. As a result of entering into this transaction, the underlying assets and liabilities of our investments in the legal entities sold have been presented as assets and liabilities of discontinued operations for comparative periods and earnings and direct costs associated with Consumer Products business have been presented as earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax in our Consolidated Statements of Operations for current and comparative periods.

        A summary of business data for our reportable segments for the years 2013, 2012 and 2011 is as follows:

Information by Business Segment

(In millions)

Net Sales
  2013   2012   2011  

Petroleum additives

  $ 689   $ 600   $ 634  

Urethanes

    290     291     305  
               

Industrial Performance Products

    979     891     939  

Bromine based & related products

    639     730     688  

Organometallics

    164     166     181  
               

Industrial Engineered Products

    803     896     869  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    449     409     376  
               

Net Sales

  $ 2,231   $ 2,196   $ 2,184  
               
               

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Operating Income
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 109   $ 102   $ 116  

Industrial Engineered Products

    55     140     130  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    88     65     30  
               

Segment Operating Income

    252     307     276  
               

General corporate expense

    (97 )   (100 )   (105 )

Amortization

    (15 )   (16 )   (22 )

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    (42 )   (11 )   (3 )

Gain on sale of business

            27  

Impairment charges

            (4 )

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

        (1 )   (3 )
               

Total Operating Income

    98     179     166  

Interest expense

    (60 )   (64 )   (63 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (50 )   (1 )    

Other income, net

    9     20     1  

Reorganization items, net

    (1 )   (5 )   (19 )
               

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

  $ (4 ) $ 129   $ 85  
               
               

 

Depreciation and Amortization
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 28   $ 25   $ 26  

Industrial Engineered Products

    43     43     42  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    12     13     10  
               

    83     81     78  

Corporate

    18     19     25  
               

Total continuing operations

    101     100     103  

Discontinued operations

    22     39     37  
               

  $ 123   $ 139   $ 140  
               
               

 

Equity Income (Loss)
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $   $ 1   $ (1 )

Industrial Engineered Products

    (1 )   (2 )   2  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    1     (3 )   (2 )
               

Total continuing operations

        (4 )   (1 )

Discontinued operations

    2     7     4  
               

  $ 2   $ 3   $ 3  
               
               

 

Segment Assets
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 591   $ 514   $ 491  

Industrial Engineered Products

    743     693     624  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    285     319     326  
               

    1,619     1,526     1,441  

Discontinued operations

        654     718  

Corporate

    1,085     850     696  
               

  $ 2,704   $ 3,030   $ 2,855  
               
               

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19) BUSINESS SEGMENTS (Continued)

Capital Expenditures
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 73   $ 52   $ 35  

Industrial Engineered Products

    73     69     98  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    7     5     6  
               

    153     126     139  

Corporate

    6     10     3  
               

Total continuing operations

    159     136     142  

Discontinued operations

    11     13     12  
               

  $ 170   $ 149   $ 154  
               
               

 

Equity Method Investments
  2013   2012   2011  

Industrial Performance Products

  $ 7   $ 10   $ 8  

Industrial Engineered Products

        4     6  

Chemtura AgroSolutions

    6     24     28  
               

  $ 13   $ 38   $ 42  
               
               

Information by Geographic Area

(In millions)

Net sales (based on location of customer)
  2013   2012   2011  

United States

  $ 944   $ 878   $ 840  

Canada

    42     39     40  

Latin America

    194     159     139  

Europe/Africa

    624     676     682  

Asia/Pacific

    427     444     483  
               

  $ 2,231   $ 2,196   $ 2,184  
               
               

 

Property, Plant and Equipment
  2013   2012   2011  

United States

  $ 335   $ 341   $ 343  

Canada

    62     69     68  

Latin America

    14     15     15  

Europe/Africa

    217     188     158  

Asia/Pacific

    96     42     18  
               

  $ 724   $ 655   $ 602  
               
               

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20) GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL DATA

        Our obligations under the 2018 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis, jointly and severally, by each current and future domestic restricted subsidiary, other than excluded subsidiaries that guarantee any indebtedness of Chemtura or our restricted subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries that do not guarantee the 2018 Senior Notes and 2021 Senior Notes are referred to as the "Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries." The Guarantor Condensed Consolidating Financial Data presented below presents the statements of operations, statements of comprehensive income, balance sheets and statements of cash flow data for: (i) Chemtura Corporation (the "Parent Company"), the Guarantor Subsidiaries and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis (which is derived from Chemtura historical reported financial information); (ii) the Parent Company, alone (accounting for our Guarantor Subsidiaries and the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries on an equity basis under which the investments are recorded by each entity owning a portion of another entity at cost, adjusted for the applicable share of the subsidiary's cumulative results of operations, capital contributions and distributions, and other equity changes); (iii) the Guarantor Subsidiaries alone; and (iv) the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries alone.


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2013
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net sales

  $ 2,231   $ (1,813 ) $ 1,443   $ 449   $ 2,152  

Cost of goods sold

    1,721     (1,813 )   1,235     389     1,910  

Selling, general and administrative

    229         109     15     105  

Depreciation and amortization

    101         29     35     37  

Research and development

    40         15     8     17  

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    42         21     1     20  
                       

Operating income

    98         34     1     63  

Interest expense

    (60 )       (69 )       9  

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (50 )       (50 )        

Other income (expense), net

    9         (20 )       29  

Reorganization items, net

    (1 )       (1 )        

Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries

        (85 )   85          
                       

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    (4 )   (85 )   (21 )   1     101  

Income tax expense

    (18 )               (18 )
                       

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations

    (22 )   (85 )   (21 )   1     83  

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax

    25         (3 )   23     5  

(Loss) gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

    (180 )       (153 )   14     (41 )
                       

Net (loss) earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ (177 ) $ (85 ) $ (177 ) $ 38   $ 47  
                       
                       

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive (Loss) Income
As of December 31, 2013
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net (loss) earnings

  $ (177 ) $ (85 ) $ (177 ) $ 38   $ 47  

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments

    (60 )       (18 )   2     (44 )

Unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs

    208         202         6  
                       

Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Chemtura

  $ (29 ) $ (85 ) $ 7   $ 40   $ 9  
                       
                       


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2013
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

ASSETS

                               

Current assets

  $ 1,487   $   $ 559   $ 122   $ 806  

Intercompany receivables

        (7,671 )   2,681     2,349     2,641  

Investment in subsidiaries

        (7,277 )   1,530     1,135     4,612  

Property, plant and equipment

    724         121     214     389  

Goodwill

    179         93     3     83  

Other assets

    314         149     44     121  
                       

Total assets

  $ 2,704   $ (14,948 ) $ 5,133   $ 3,867   $ 8,652  
                       
                       

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

                               

Current liabilities

  $ 486   $   $ 244   $ 41   $ 201  

Intercompany payables

        (7,671 )   2,944     2,583     2,144  

Long-term debt

    781         764         17  

Other long-term liabilities

    438         182     52     204  
                       

Total liabilities

    1,705     (7,671 )   4,134     2,676     2,566  

Stockholders' equity

    999     (7,277 )   999     1,191     6,086  
                       

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

  $ 2,704   $ (14,948 ) $ 5,133   $ 3,867   $ 8,652  
                       
                       

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2013
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Increase (decrease) to cash

                               

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                               

Net (loss) earnings

  $ (177 ) $ (85 ) $ (177 ) $ 38   $ 47  

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) earnings to net cash provided by (used in) operations:

                               

(Loss) gain on sale of discontinued operations

    180         153     (14 )   41  

Impairment charges

    7             7      

Reclass of translation adjustment from liquidated entities

    (13 )               (13 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    50         50          

Depreciation and amortization

    123         33     45     45  

Stock-based compensation expense

    14         14          

Equity income

    (2 )               (2 )

Changes in assets and liabilities, net

    (103 )   85     (84 )   (27 )   (77 )
                       

Net cash provided by (used in) operations

    79         (11 )   49     41  
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                               

Proceeds from divestments, net

    357         255     (2 )   104  

Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

    (3 )               (3 )

Capital expenditures

    (170 )       (20 )   (47 )   (103 )
                       

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

    184         235     (49 )   (2 )
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                               

Proceeds from 2021 Senior Notes

    450         450          

Payments on 2018 Senior Notes, includes premium on tendering of notes

    (396 )       (396 )        

Payments on Term Loan

    (102 )       (102 )        

Proceeds from other long-term borrowings

    31         7         24  

Payments on other long-term borrowings

    (4 )       (1 )         (3 )

Payments on short term borrowings, net

    (1 )               (1 )

Payments for debt issuance costs

    (12 )       (12 )        

Common shares acquired

    (54 )       (54 )        

Proceeds from the exercise of stock options

    8         8          
                       

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

    (80 )       (100 )       20  
                       

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

                               

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

    1                 1  
                       

Change in cash and cash equivalents

    184         124         60  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

    365       $ 193   $   $ 172  
                       

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $ 549   $   $ 317   $   $ 232  
                       
                       

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2012
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net sales

  $ 2,196   $ (1,623 ) $ 1,477   $ 454   $ 1,888  

Cost of goods sold

    1,615     (1,623 )   1,192     383     1,663  

Selling, general and administrative

    245         120     17     108  

Depreciation and amortization

    100         27     44     29  

Research and development

    41         16     7     18  

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    11         8         3  

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

    1         1          

Equity loss

    4                 4  
                       

Operating income

    179         113     3     63  

Interest expense

    (64 )       (69 )   2     3  

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    (1 )       (1 )        

Other income (expense), net

    20         (17 )       37  

Reorganization items, net

    (5 )       (5 )        

Equity in net earnings of subsidiaries

        (81 )   81          
                       

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    129     (81 )   102     5     103  

Income tax expense

    (26 )               (26 )
                       

Earnings from continuing operations

    103     (81 )   102     5     77  

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (3 )       (1 )   28     (30 )
                       

Net earnings

    100     (81 )   101     33     47  

Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests

    1                 1  
                       

Net earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ 101   $ (81 ) $ 101   $ 33   $ 48  
                       
                       

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

20) GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL DATA (Continued)

Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
As of December 31, 2012
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net earnings

  $ 100   $ (81 ) $ 101   $ 33   $ 47  

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments

    (6 )       (11 )   1     4  

Unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs

    (76 )       (44 )       (32 )
                       

Comprehensive income

    18     (81 )   46     34     19  

Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests

    1                 1  
                       

Comprehensive income attributable to Chemtura

  $ 19   $ (81 ) $ 46   $ 34   $ 20  
                       
                       


Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet
As of December 31, 2012
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

ASSETS

                               

Current assets

  $ 1,612   $   $ 505   $ 213   $ 894  

Intercompany receivables

        (9,412 )   3,531     3,065     2,816  

Investment in subsidiaries

        (8,831 )   1,738     1,633     5,460  

Property, plant and equipment

    655         127     215     313  

Goodwill

    177         92     3     82  

Other assets

    586         131     233     222  
                       

Total assets

  $ 3,030   $ (18,243 ) $ 6,124   $ 5,362   $ 9,787  
                       
                       

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

                               

Current liabilities

  $ 511   $   $ 210   $ 69   $ 232  

Intercompany payables

        (9,412 )   3,676     3,305     2,431  

Long-term debt

    871         870         1  

Other long-term liabilities

    580         300     56     224  
                       

Total liabilities

    1,962     (9,412 )   5,056     3,430     2,888  

Stockholders' equity

    1,068     (8,831 )   1,068     1,932     6,899  
                       

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity

  $ 3,030   $ (18,243 ) $ 6,124   $ 5,362   $ 9,787  
                       
                       

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

20) GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL DATA (Continued)


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2012
(In millions)

Increase (decrease) to cash
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                               

Net earnings

  $ 100   $ (81 ) $ 101   $ 33   $ 47  

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operations:

                               

Impairment charges

    47         12         35  

Reclass of translation adjustment from liquidated entities

    (21 )               (21 )

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

    1         1          

Depreciation and amortization

    139         36     51     52  

Stock-based compensation expense

    24         24          

Reorganization items, net

    1         1          

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

    1         1          

Equity income

    (3 )               (3 )

Changes in assets and liabilities, net

    (71 )   81     (106 )   (37 )   (9 )
                       

Net cash provided by operations

    218         70     47     101  
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                               

Net proceeds from divestments

    9                 9  

Capital expenditures

    (149 )       (21 )   (47 )   (81 )
                       

Net cash used in investing activities

    (140 )       (21 )   (47 )   (72 )
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                               

Proceeds from Term Loan

    125         125          

Payments on short term borrowings, net

    (3 )               (3 )

Payments for debt issuance and refinancing costs

    (2 )       (1 )       (1 )

Common shares acquired

    (20 )       (20 )        

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    5         5          
                       

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    105         109         (4 )
                       

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

                               

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

    2                 2  
                       

Change in cash and cash equivalents

    185         158         27  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

    180         35         145  
                       

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $ 365   $   $ 193   $   $ 172  
                       
                       

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

20) GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL DATA (Continued)


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Operations
Year ended December 31, 2011
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net sales

  $ 2,184   $ (1,593 ) $ 1,462   $ 435   $ 1,880  

Cost of goods sold

    1,626     (1,593 )   1,195     367     1,657  

Selling, general and administrative

    269         127     14     128  

Depreciation and amortization

    103         27     43     33  

Research and development

    36         16     5     15  

Facility closures, severance and related costs

    3         1         2  

Gain on sale of business

    (27 )               (27 )

Impairment charges

    4         1     1     2  

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

    3         3          

Equity loss

    1         1          
                       

Operating income

    166         91     5     70  

Interest expense

    (63 )       (72 )   1     8  

Other income (expense), net

    1         (10 )   4     7  

Reorganization items, net

    (19 )       (19 )        

Equity in net earnings (loss) of subsidiaries

        (114 )   116     (2 )    
                       

Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes

    85     (114 )   106     8     85  

Income tax expense

    (17 )       (4 )       (13 )
                       

Earnings from continuing operations

    68     (114 )   102     8     72  

Earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    52         17     17     18  
                       

Net earnings

    120     (114 )   119     25     90  

Less: net earnings attributable to non-controlling interests

    (1 )               (1 )
                       

Net earnings attributable to Chemtura

  $ 119   $ (114 ) $ 119   $ 25   $ 89  
                       
                       


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income
As of December 31, 2011
(In millions)

 
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

Net earnings

  $ 120   $ (114 ) $ 119   $ 25   $ 90  

Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:

                               

Foreign currency translation adjustments

    (35 )       11     (2 )   (44 )

Unrecognized pension and other post-retirement benefit costs

    (35 )       (39 )   1     3  
                       

Comprehensive income

    50     (114 )   91     24     49  

Comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interests

    (1 )               (1 )
                       

Comprehensive income attributable to Chemtura

  $ 49   $ (114 ) $ 91   $ 24   $ 48  
                       
                       

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

20) GUARANTOR CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING FINANCIAL DATA (Continued)


Condensed Consolidating Statement of Cash Flows
Year ended December 31, 2011
(In millions)

Increase (decrease) to cash
  Consolidated   Eliminations   Parent
Company
  Guarantor
Subsidiaries
  Non-Guarantor
Subsidiaries
 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES

                               

Net earnings

  $ 120   $ (114 ) $ 119   $ 25   $ 90  

Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operations:

                               

Gain on sale of business

    (27 )               (27 )

Impairment charges

    4         1     1     2  

Depreciation and amortization

    140         36     50     54  

Stock-based compensation expense

    26         26          

Reorganization items, net

    2         2          

Changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims

    3         3          

Equity (income) loss

    (3 )       1         (4 )

Changes in assets and liabilities, net

    (83 )   114     (157 )   7     (47 )
                       

Net cash provided by operations

    182         31     83     68  
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES

                               

Net proceeds from divestments

    8         8          

Payments for acquisitions, net of cash acquired

    (35 )               (35 )

Capital expenditures

    (154 )       (24 )   (83 )   (47 )
                       

Net cash used in investing activities

    (181 )       (16 )   (83 )   (82 )
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES

                               

Proceeds from other short term borrowings, net

    3                 3  

Common shares acquired

    (22 )       (22 )        

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

    1         1          
                       

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

    (18 )       (21 )       3  
                       

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

                               

Effect of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents

    (4 )               (4 )
                       

Change in cash and cash equivalents

    (21 )       (6 )       (15 )

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

    201         41         160  
                       

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

  $ 180   $   $ 35   $   $ 145  
                       
                       

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CHEMTURA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)

21) SUMMARIZED UNAUDITED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA

 
  2013  
(In millions, except per share data)
  First   Second   Third   Fourth  

Net sales

  $ 528   $ 590   $ 569   $ 544  

Gross profit

  $ 110   $ 146   $ 121   $ 133  

AMOUNTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA COMMON SHAREHOLDERS:

                         

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (18) (a) $ 27 (b) $ (44) (c) $ 13 (d)

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (5 )   26     7     (3 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

        (146 )   (3 )   (31 )
                   

Net loss

  $ (23 ) $ (93 ) $ (40 ) $ (21 )
                   
                   

BASIC PER SHARE—ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA (i):

                         

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (0.18 ) $ 0.27   $ (0.45 ) $ 0.13  

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (0.05 )   0.26     0.07     (0.03 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

        (1.48 )   (0.03 )   (0.32 )
                   

Net loss

  $ (0.23 ) $ (0.95 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.22 )
                   
                   

DILUTED PER SHARE—ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA(i):

                         

(Loss) earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ (0.18 ) $ 0.27   $ (0.45 ) $ 0.13  

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (0.05 )   0.26     0.07     (0.03 )

Loss on sale of discontinued operations, net of tax

        (1.46 )   (0.03 )   (0.32 )
                   

Net loss

  $ (0.23 ) $ (0.93 ) $ (0.41 ) $ (0.22 )
                   
                   

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding

    98.2     98.6     97.5     96.6  
                   
                   

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

    98.2     99.7     97.5     98.1  
                   
                   

 

 
  2012  
 
  First   Second   Third   Fourth  

Net sales

  $ 534   $ 583   $ 546   $ 533  

Gross profit

  $ 148   $ 158   $ 148   $ 127  

AMOUNTS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA COMMON SHAREHOLDERS (i):

                         

Earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ 28 (e) $ 34 (f) $ 22 (g) $ 19 (h)

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (6 )   16     (13 )   1  
                   

Net earnings

  $ 22   $ 50   $ 9   $ 20  
                   
                   

BASIC AND DILUTED PER SHARE—ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHEMTURA (i):

                         

Earnings from continuing operations, net of tax

  $ 0.28   $ 0.34   $ 0.22   $ 0.19  

(Loss) earnings from discontinued operations, net of tax

    (0.06 )   0.16     (0.13 )   0.01  
                   

Net earnings

  $ 0.22   $ 0.50   $ 0.09   $ 0.20  
                   
                   

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding

    98.3     98.9     97.9     97.9  
                   
                   

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding

    99.1     99.1     98.2     99.0  
                   
                   

(a)
The earnings from continuing operations for the first quarter of 2013 included pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $14 million.

(b)
The earnings from continuing operations for the second quarter of 2013 included pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $11 million.

(c)
The earnings from continuing operations for the third quarter of 2013 included pre-tax charges for loss on early extinguishment of debt of $50 million and facility closures, severance and related costs of $3 million.

(d)
The earnings from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2013 included pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $14 million.

(e)
The earnings from continuing operations for the first quarter of 2012 included pre-tax charges for changes in estimates related to expected allowable claims of $2 million and reorganization items of $2 million.

(f)
The earnings from continuing operations for the second quarter of 2012 included pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $6 million.

(g)
The earnings from continuing operations for the third quarter of 2012 included pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $2 million.

(h)
The earnings from continuing operations for the fourth quarter of 2012 included a pre-tax charges for facility closures, severance and related costs of $3 million.

(i)
The sum of the earnings per common share for the four quarters may not equal the total earnings per common share for the full year due to quarterly changes in the average number of shares outstanding.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Chemtura Corporation:

        We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Chemtura Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive (loss) income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013. In connection with our audits of the consolidated financial statements, we also have audited the financial statement Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts. We also have audited Chemtura Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting (Item 9A(b)). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule and an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.

        We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

        A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

        Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

        In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Chemtura Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Also in our opinion, Chemtura Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (1992) issued by COSO.

/s/ KPMG LLP

Stamford, Connecticut
February 24, 2014

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Item 9:    Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

        None.

Item 9A:    Controls and Procedures

(a)
Disclosure Controls and Procedures

        As of December 31, 2013, our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based on that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2013 were effective.

(b)
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

        Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Under the supervision of management and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013 based on the framework in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (1992), issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2013.

        KPMG LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an attestation report, which is included elsewhere within this Form 10-K, on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

(c)
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

        There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred in the quarter ended December 31, 2013 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B:    Other Information

        Not Applicable.

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PART III

Item 10:    Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

        The executive officers of Chemtura are as follows:

        Craig A. Rogerson, 57, has served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Chemtura since December 2008. Previously, Mr. Rogerson served as President, Chief Executive Officer and director of Hercules Incorporated from December 2003 until its acquisition by Ashland, Incorporated on November 13, 2008.

        Chet H. Cross, 55, has served as Executive Vice President, Supply Chain and Operations since November 2013 and as Executive Vice President and Group President Industrial Engineered and Performance Products since September 2010. From January 2010 to September 2010, Mr. Cross served as Group President Engineered Products. From December 2008 to January 2010, Mr. Cross was Vice President of Operations of Ashland Inc's Ashland Hercules Water Technologies division. Previously, Mr. Cross served for over 20 years with Hercules Incorporated in a variety of positions of increasing responsibility, most recently as General Manager of Hercules' Americas pulp and paper business and President of Hercules Canada.

        Stephen C. Forsyth, 58, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer since April 2007. Previously, Mr. Forsyth served for 26 years with Hexcel Corporation in a variety of executive capacities, the last 11 years as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.

        Billie S. Flaherty, 56, has served as Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since November 2013 and as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary since January 2009. Previously, Ms. Flaherty served as Associate General Counsel for Chemtura, having joined Chemtura in October 2005. Prior to joining Chemtura, she served as Vice President, Environmental, Health and Safety for Pitney Bowes Inc.

        Alan M. Swiech, 55, has served as Executive Vice President, Human Resources and Support Services since November 2013 and as Senior Vice President, Human Resources and Support Services since January 2009. Previously Mr. Swiech served as Vice President, Human Resources for Chemtura, having joined Chemtura in April 2006. Prior to joining Chemtura Mr. Swiech served as Vice President—Administration for Akebono Corporation NA, and President of AMAK LLC. Before that he served as Vice President, Human Resources for Cambridge Industries Inc. and various positions of increasing responsibility with United Technologies Corporation.

        Laurence M. Orton, 41, has served as Vice President and Corporate Controller since November 2012. Mr. Orton was also Vice President, Finance & Investor Relations from 2010 to November 2012, Vice President, Financial Planning and Analysis from 2008 to 2010 and Business Chief Financial Officer of the Performance Specialties Segment from 2006 to 2008. Previously, Mr. Orton served for 7 years with Avecia Group Plc and predecessor company Astra Zeneca.

        Dalip Puri, 41, has served as Vice President, Investor Relations and Treasurer since November 2012 and as Vice President and Treasurer since November 2010. Prior to joining Chemtura, Mr. Puri served as Corporate Treasurer of Hewitt Associates. Before that he served for 7 years with Delphi Corporation in various positions of increasing responsibility, most recently as Global Treasury Director.

        There is no family relationship between any of such officers, and there is no arrangement or understanding between any of them and any other person pursuant to which any such officer was selected as an officer.

        Information relating to our directors and nominees will be included under the caption "Election of Directors" in the 2013 Proxy Statement for our Annual Shareholders Meeting to be held on May 8, 2014 and is incorporated by reference herein. The information required by Items 405, 407(d)(4) and 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance" and "Audit Committee" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

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Item 11:    Executive Compensation

        The information required by Item 402 of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Executive Compensation" and "Director Compensation" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein. The information required by Item 407(e)(4) and 407(e)(5) of Regulation S-K will be included under the captions "Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation" and "Compensation Committee Report" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and that information is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 12:    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

        The information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Equity Compensation Plan Information" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

        The information required by Item 403 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Stock Ownership Information" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 13:    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

        The information required by Item 404 of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Related Person Transactions" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

        The information required by Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K will be included under the caption "Director Independence" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 14:    Principal Accountant Fees and Services

        The information required by this Item will be included under the caption "Independent Audit Fees for 2013" in the 2013 Proxy Statement, and is incorporated by reference herein.

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PART IV

Item 15:    Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

(a)
The following documents are filed as part of this report:

1.
Financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, as required by Item 8 of this form.

(i)
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011;

(ii)
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011;

(iii)
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012;

(iv)
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011;

(v)
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, and 2011;

(vi)
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements; and

(vii)
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.

2.
Financial Statement Schedule II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, required by Regulation S-X is included herein.

3.
The following exhibits are either filed herewith or incorporated herein by reference to the respective reports and registration statements identified in the parenthetical clause following the description of the exhibit:

Exhibit No.   Description
  2.1   Joint Chapter 11 Plan of Chemtura Corporation, et al, dated August 4, 2010, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's November 4, 2010 Form 8-K).
  2.2   Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of October 9, 2013, among KIK Custom Products Inc., KCP Corporate Holdings Inc., Chemtura Corporation, Chemtura Holdings GmbH, Great Lakes Chemical Corporation and Great Lakes Chemical (Netherlands) B.V. (Pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K, the schedules to the Stock Purchase Agreement have been omitted and Chemtura agrees to furnish supplementally a copy of any such omitted schedule to the SEC upon request) (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Registrant's October 10, 2013 Form 8-K).
  3(i ) Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Chemtura's Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed with the SEC on November 9, 2010).
  3(ii ) Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's May 13, 2013 Form 8-K)
  3(iii ) Amended and Restated Bylaws of Chemtura Corporation Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant's May 13, 2013 Form 8-K).
  4.1   Indenture, dated as of August 27, 2010, among Chemtura Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's August 27, 2010 Form 8-K ("August 27, 2010 8-K")).
  4.2   First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 9, 2010, among Chemtura Corporation, the guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 Form 8-K ("November 12, 2010 8-K")).
  4.3   Amendment No. 1 to the Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of March 22, 2011, among Chemtura Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries named therein, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other agents party thereto and the Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's March 28, 2011 Form 8-K).
  4.4   Supplemental Indenture No. 2, dated as of June 21, 2013, among Chemtura Corporation, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's June 24, 2013 Form 8-K).

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Exhibit No.   Description
  4.5   Indenture, dated June 10, 2013, among Chemtura Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's June 10, 2013 Registration Statement on Form S-3).
  4.6   First Supplemental Indenture, dated July 23, 2013, among Chemtura Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, related to the Indenture, dated June 10, 2013, among Chemtura Corporation, the subsidiary guarantors and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's July 23, 2013 Form 8-K).
  4.7   Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement, dated as of November 10, 2010 and as amended and restated as of December 4, 2013, among Chemtura Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries named therein, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as U.S. administrative agent and collateral agent and as foreign administrative agent, the other agents party thereto and the Initial Lenders and other Lenders party thereto (the "Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement") (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's December 6, 2013 Form 8-K).
  10.1   2009 Chemtura Corporation Management Incentive Program (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2009).+
  10.2   Senior Secured Term Facility Credit Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2010, among Chemtura Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, the other agents party thereto and the Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's May 16, 2011 Form 8-K/A).
  10.3   Amendment No. 1 to the Senior Secured Term Facility Credit Agreement, dated as of September 27, 2010, among Chemtura Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent, the other agents party thereto and the Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's September 30, 2010 Form 8-K).
  10.4   Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, among Chemtura Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries named therein, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, the other agents party thereto and the Initial Lenders and other Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's May 16, 2011 8-K/A).
  10.5   Guaranty, dated as of November 9, 2010, pursuant to the Senior Secured Term Facility Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).
  10.6   Security Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, pursuant to the Senior Secured Term Facility Credit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).
  10.7   Employment Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, between Craig Rogerson and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).+
  10.8   Employment Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, between Stephen Forsyth and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).+
  10.9   Employment Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, between Billie Flaherty and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).+
  10.10   Employment Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, between Chet Cross and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to the Registrant's 2010 Form 10-K).+
  10.11   Employment Agreement, dated as of November 9, 2010, between Alan Swiech and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registrant's 2010 Form 10-K).+
  10.12   Form of Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).+
  10.13   Form of Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant's November 12, 2010 8-K).+

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Exhibit No.   Description
  10.14   Chemtura Corporation 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Chemtura's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2010).+
  10.15   Chemtura Corporation EIP Settlement Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to Chemtura's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2010).+
  10.16   Chemtura Corporation Emergence Award Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to Chemtura's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 9, 2010).+
  10.17   Chemtura Corporation 2010 Short Term Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to the Registrant's 2010 Form 10-K).+
  10.18   Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2011, between Craig Rogerson and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's March 3, 2011 8-K).+
  10.19   Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2011, between Stephen Forsyth and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's March 3, 2011 8-K).+
  10.20   Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement, dated as of March 9, 2011, between Billie Flaherty and Chemtura Corporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's March 3, 2011 8-K).+
  10.21   Master Agreement, dated as of October 26, 2011, Relating to Multi-Country Receivables Purchase Facilities (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's October 27, 2011 Form 8-K).
  10.22   Amendment No. 2 to the Senior Secured Revolving Facility Credit Agreement, dated as of December 22, 2011, among Chemtura Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries named therein, as borrowers, Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, and the other Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant's December 22, 2011 Form 8-K).
  10.23   Amendment and Supplement to the Senior Secured Term Facility Credit Agreement, dated October 31, 2012, among Chemtura Corporation, Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and the banks, financial institutions and other institutional lenders parties thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's November 5, 2012 Form 10-Q).
  10.24   Chemtura Corporation 2012 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to Chemtura's Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 21, 2012).+
  10.25   Amended and Restated Asset Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of January 25, 2013 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's January 28, 2013 Form 8-K).**
  10.26   Chemtura Corporation Clawback Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant's December 13, 2012 Form 8-K).
  10.27   2012 Management Incentive Plan.*+
  10.28   2013 Management Incentive Plan.*+
  10.29   U.S. Guaranty, dated as of December 4, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registrant's December 6, 2013 Form 8-K).
  10.30   Foreign Guaranty, dated as of December 4, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant's December 6, 2013 Form 8-K).
  10.31   U.S. Security Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement(incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to the Registrant's December 6, 2013 Form 8-K).

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Exhibit No.   Description
  10.32   Foreign Security Agreement, dated as of December 4, 2013, pursuant to the Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facilities Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.5 to the Registrant's December 6, 2013 Form 8-K).
  21   Subsidiaries of the Registrant*
  23   Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.*
  24   Form of Power of Attorney from directors and executive officers of the Registrant authorizing signature of this report (Original on file at principal executive offices of Registrant).*
  31.1   Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by the Registrant's Chief Executive Officer (Section 302).*
  31.2   Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by the Registrant's Chief Financial Officer (Section 302).*
  32.1   Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by the Registrant's Chief Executive Officer (Section 906).*
  32.2   Certification of Periodic Financial Reports by the Registrant's Chief Financial Officer (Section 906).*
  101.INS   XBRL Instance Document*
  101.SCH   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
  101.CAL   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
  101.LAB   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
  101.PRE   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
  101.DEF   XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*

*
Copies of these Exhibits are filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

**
Disclosure Schedules were omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. Chemtura Corporation agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

+
This Exhibit is a compensatory plan, contract or arrangement in which one or more directors or executive officers of the Registrant participate.

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SIGNATURES

        Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

    CHEMTURA CORPORATION
(Registrant)

Date: February 24, 2014

 

By:

 

/s/ STEPHEN C. FORSYTH

Stephen C. Forsyth
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

        Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

Name
 
Title

 

 

 

 

 

Craig A. Rogerson*

 

Chairman of the Board, President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

Stephen C. Forsyth

 

By:

 

/s/ STEPHEN C. FORSYTH

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

Laurence M. Orton

 

By:

 

/s/ LAURENCE M. ORTON

Vice President and Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

Jeffrey D. Benjamin*

 

Director

Timothy J. Bernlohr*

 

Lead Director

Anna C. Catalano*

 

Director

James W. Crownover*

 

Director

Robert A. Dover*

 

Director

Jonathan F. Foster*

 

Director

John K. Wulff*

 

Director

Date: February 24, 2014   *By:   /s/ STEPHEN C. FORSYTH

Stephen C. Forsyth
as attorney-in-fact

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Schedule II

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(In millions of dollars)

 
  Balance at
beginning
of year
  Additions
charged to
costs and
expenses
  Deductions   Other   Balance at
end of year
 

2013:

                               

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 11     2     (1) (a)   (1) (c)   11  

Reserve for customer rebates

    14     36     (40) (b)       10  

2012:

                               

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 15     2     (6) (a)       11  

Reserve for customer rebates

    14     8     (8) (b)       14  

2011:

                               

Allowance for doubtful accounts

  $ 20     5     (10) (a)         15  

Reserve for customer rebates

    14     28     (28) (b)       14  

(a)
Primarily represents accounts written off as uncollectible (net of recoveries).

(b)
Primarily represents payment to the customers.

(c)
Primarily represents the translation effect of balances denominated in foreign currencies.

122