Edgar Filing: DONEGAL GROUP INC

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Smaller reporting company

Form 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission file number 0-15341

Donegal Group Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

23-2424711

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

1195 River Road, P.O. Box 302, Marietta, PA 17547

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(717) 426-1931

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 20,380,203 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,576,775 shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding on July 31, 2013.

DONEGAL GROUP INC.

INDEX TO FORM 10-Q REPORT


		Page
PART I	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	20
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	29
Item 4T.	Controls and Procedures	29

PART II	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	30
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	30
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	30
Item 3.	Defaults upon Senior Securities	30
Item 4.	Removed and Reserved	30
Item 5.	Other Information	30
Item 6.	Exhibits	31
Signatures		32

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements.

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Balance Sheets


	June 30, 2013			December 31, 2012
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Investments
Fixed maturities
Held to maturity, at amortized cost	$	34,371,191		$	42,100,196
Available for sale, at fair value		679,037,599			694,509,821
Equity securities, available for sale, at fair value		8,906,234			8,757,258
Investments in affiliates		35,667,437			37,235,530
Short-term investments, at cost, which approximates fair value		14,912,822			23,826,227

Total investments		772,895,283			806,429,032
Cash		24,994,444			19,801,290
Accrued investment income		6,114,628			6,332,085
Premiums receivable		131,993,120			117,196,478
Reinsurance receivable		240,527,578			215,893,322
Deferred policy acquisition costs		43,308,617			40,121,697
Deferred tax asset, net		18,831,632			6,267,536
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		118,844,274			111,156,162
Property and equipment, net		5,890,840			5,953,833
Accounts receivable—securities		411,593			—
Federal income taxes recoverable		2,340,935			—
Due from affiliate		616,049			—
Goodwill		5,625,354			5,625,354
Other intangible assets		958,010			958,010
Other		1,144,299			1,154,388

Total assets	$	1,374,496,656		$	1,336,889,187

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	489,650,217		$	458,827,395
Unearned premiums		392,141,632			363,088,103
Accrued expenses		16,899,849			17,140,832
Reinsurance balances payable		20,351,158			13,941,337
Borrowings under lines of credit		61,500,000			52,000,000
Cash dividends declared to stockholders		—			3,066,532
Subordinated debentures		5,000,000			20,465,000
Federal income taxes payable		—			583,977
Due to affiliate		—			4,579,437
Drafts payable		1,800,185			863,589
Other		2,352,232			2,298,891

Total liabilities		989,695,273			936,855,093

Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, authorized 2,000,000 shares; none issued		—			—
Class A common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 40,000,000 and 30,000,000 shares, issued 21,272,520 and 20,941,821 shares and outstanding 20,355,898 and 20,025,199 shares		212,726			209,419
Class B common stock, $.01 par value, authorized 10,000,000 shares, issued 5,649,240 shares and outstanding 5,576,775 shares		56,492			56,492
Additional paid-in capital		181,371,680			176,416,585
Accumulated other comprehensive income		345,602			26,394,577
Retained earnings		215,528,076			209,670,214
Treasury stock		(12,713,193	)		(12,713,193	)

Total stockholders’ equity		384,801,383			400,034,094

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,374,496,656		$	1,336,889,187

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2013		2012
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	126,963,328	$	117,569,122
Investment income, net of investment expenses		4,670,558		4,919,288
Net realized investment gains (includes $1,253,982 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)		1,253,982		1,528,333
Lease income		210,557		244,606
Installment payment fees		1,733,642		1,927,585
Equity in earnings of Donegal Financial Services Corporation		675,568		1,110,256

Total revenues		135,507,635		127,299,190

Expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses		89,519,350		86,385,353
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		19,910,000		18,235,000
Other underwriting expenses		21,129,407		19,239,744
Policyholder dividends		340,582		109,160
Interest		333,699		630,455
Other expenses		1,412,439		584,396

Total expenses		132,645,477		125,184,108

Income before income tax expense		2,862,158		2,115,082
Income tax expense (includes $426,354 income tax expense from reclassification items)		233,171		92,015

Net income	$	2,628,987	$	2,023,067

Earnings per common share:
Class A common stock—basic	$	0.10	$	0.08

Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.10	$	0.08

Class B common stock—basic and diluted	$	0.09	$	0.07

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012
Net income	$	2,628,987		$	2,023,067
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) income during the period, net of income tax (benefit) expense of ($11,419,131) and $2,198,375		(21,171,130	)		4,126,365
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of income tax of $426,354 and $519,633		(827,628	)		(1,008,700	)

Other comprehensive (loss) income		(21,998,758	)		3,117,665

Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(19,369,771	)	$	5,140,732

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013		2012
Revenues:
Net premiums earned	$	251,665,369	$	232,260,913
Investment income, net of investment expenses		9,486,001		10,009,010
Net realized investment gains (includes $2,594,546 accumulated other comprehensive income reclassifications)		2,594,546		3,838,313
Lease income		425,954		491,971
Installment payment fees		3,443,883		3,762,370
Equity in earnings of Donegal Financial Services Corporation		1,764,474		2,284,775

Total revenues		269,380,227		252,647,352

Expenses:
Net losses and loss expenses		175,052,366		162,994,572
Amortization of deferred policy acquisition costs		39,470,000		36,116,000
Other underwriting expenses		39,880,918		38,486,563
Policyholder dividends		815,855		398,484
Interest		820,848		1,200,999
Other expenses		2,394,793		1,487,918

Total expenses		258,434,780		240,684,536

Income before income tax expense		10,945,447		11,962,816
Income tax expense (includes $882,146 income tax expense from reclassification items)		1,841,024		1,929,602

Net income	$	9,104,423	$	10,033,214

Earnings per common share:
Class A common stock—basic	$	0.35	$	0.40

Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.35	$	0.39

Class B common stock—basic and diluted	$	0.32	$	0.36

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012
Net income	$	9,104,423		$	10,033,214
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities:
Unrealized holding (loss) income during the period, net of income tax (benefit) expense of ($13,144,225) and $2,401,239		(24,336,575	)		4,569,105
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income, net of income tax of $882,146 and $1,305,026		(1,712,400	)		(2,533,287	)

Other comprehensive (loss) income		(26,048,975	)		2,035,818

Comprehensive (loss) income	$	(16,944,552	)	$	12,069,032

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity

(Unaudited)

Six Months Ended June 30, 2013


	Class A Shares		Class B Shares		Class A Amount		Class B Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance, December 31, 2012		20,941,821		5,649,240	$	209,419	$	56,492	$	176,416,585	$	26,394,577		$	209,670,214		$	(12,713,193	)	$	400,034,094
Issuance of common stock (stock compensation plans)		330,699				3,307				4,748,102											4,751,409
Net income															9,104,423						9,104,423
Cash dividends declared															(3,226,449	)					(3,226,449	)
Grant of stock options										20,112					(20,112	)					—
Tax benefit on exercise of stock options										186,881											186,881
Other comprehensive loss												(26,048,975	)								(26,048,975	)

Balance, June 30, 2013		21,272,520		5,649,240	$	212,726	$	56,492	$	181,371,680	$	345,602		$	215,528,076		$	(12,713,193	)	$	384,801,383

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Donegal Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net income	$	9,104,423		$	10,033,214

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,731,939			2,206,268
Net realized investment gains		(2,594,546	)		(3,838,313	)
Equity in earnings of Donegal Financial Services Corporation		(1,764,474	)		(2,284,775	)
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Losses and loss expenses		30,822,822			6,372,073
Unearned premiums		29,053,529			27,916,480
Premiums receivable		(14,796,642	)		(13,443,007	)
Deferred acquisition costs		(3,186,920	)		(3,210,132	)
Deferred income taxes		1,462,275			1,729,232
Reinsurance receivable		(24,634,256	)		225,485
Prepaid reinsurance premiums		(7,688,112	)		(7,720,404	)
Accrued investment income		217,457			306,829
Due to affiliate		(5,195,486	)		(6,694,854	)
Reinsurance balances payable		6,409,821			(2,997,015	)
Current income taxes		(2,924,912	)		(1,431,923	)
Accrued expenses		(240,983	)		(3,748,740	)
Other, net		1,000,041			(192,153	)

Net adjustments		7,671,553			(6,804,949	)

Net cash provided by operating activities		16,775,976			3,228,265

Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of fixed maturities, available for sale		(105,331,013	)		(108,961,804	)
Purchases of equity securities, available for sale		(7,960,000	)		(2,778,594	)
Maturity of fixed maturities:
Held to maturity		7,594,156			8,871,191
Available for sale		33,013,851			59,262,963
Sales of fixed maturities, available for sale		51,460,696			43,190,385
Sales of equity securities, available for sale		7,964,080			7,160,201
Net purchases of property and equipment		(334,227	)		(21,266	)
Net decrease in investment in affiliates		465,000			—
Net sales (purchases) of short-term investments		8,913,405			(627,093	)

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(4,214,052	)		6,095,983

Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Cash dividends paid		(6,292,981	)		(6,066,635	)
Issuance of common stock		4,889,211			1,810,604
Purchase of treasury stock		—			(681,961	)
Payments on subordinated debentures		(15,465,000	)		—
Payments on line of credit		(9,000,000	)		—
Borrowings under lines of credit		18,500,000			405,499

Net cash used in financing activities		(7,368,770	)		(4,532,493	)

Net increase in cash		5,193,154			4,791,755
Cash at beginning of period		19,801,290			13,245,378

Cash at end of period	$	24,994,444		$	18,037,133

Cash paid during period—Interest	$	831,215		$	1,081,482
Net cash paid during period—Taxes	$	3,100,000		$	1,626,965

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

DONEGAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(Unaudited)

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

1—Organization

Donegal Mutual Insurance Company (“Donegal Mutual”) organized us as an insurance holding company on August 26, 1986. Our insurance subsidiaries, Atlantic States Insurance Company (“Atlantic States”), Southern Insurance Company of Virginia (“Southern”), Le Mars Insurance Company (“Le Mars”), the Peninsula Insurance Group (“Peninsula”), which consists of Peninsula Indemnity Company and The Peninsula Insurance Company, Sheboygan Falls Insurance Company (“Sheboygan”) and Michigan Insurance Company (“MICO”), write personal and commercial lines of property and casualty coverages exclusively through a network of independent insurance agents in certain Mid-Atlantic, Midwestern, New England and Southern states. We also own 48.2% of the outstanding stock of Donegal Financial Services Corporation (“DFSC”), a grandfathered unitary savings and loan holding company that owns Union Community Bank (“UCB”). UCB completed its conversion from a federal savings bank to a state savings bank in the second quarter of 2013. UCB has 13 banking offices, all of which are located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Donegal Mutual owns the remaining 51.8% of the outstanding stock of DFSC.

We have four segments: our investment function, our personal lines of insurance, our commercial lines of insurance and our investment in DFSC. The personal lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of homeowners and private passenger automobile policies. The commercial lines products of our insurance subsidiaries consist primarily of commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation policies.

At June 30, 2013, Donegal Mutual held approximately 38% of our outstanding Class A common stock and approximately 76% of our outstanding Class B common stock. This ownership provides Donegal Mutual with approximately 66% of the total voting power of the two outstanding classes of our common stock. Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual have interrelated operations that arise from a pooling agreement and other intercompany agreements and transactions. While each company maintains its separate corporate existence, our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual conduct business together as the Donegal Insurance Group. As such, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share the same business philosophy, the same management, the same employees and the same facilities and offer the same types of insurance products.

Atlantic States, our largest subsidiary, participates in a pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual. Under the pooling agreement, Atlantic States has an 80% share of the results of the pooled business, and Donegal Mutual has a 20% share of the results of the pooled business.

The same executive management and underwriting personnel administer products, classes of business underwritten, pricing practices and underwriting standards of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries. In addition, as the Donegal Insurance Group, Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries share a combined business plan to achieve market penetration and our underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual market are generally complementary, thereby allowing the Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand the Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries offer generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier versus standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to either company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, because the underwriting pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly, Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States share the underwriting results in proportion to their respective participation in the pool. Pooled business represents the predominant percentage of the net underwriting activity of both Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States.

On February 23, 2009, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we may purchase up to 300,000 shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. We purchased 45,764 shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the six-month period ended June 30, 2012. We have purchased a total of 271,692 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through June 30, 2013.

On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we have the authority to purchase up to 500,000 additional shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the SEC and in privately negotiated transactions.

At our annual meeting of stockholders on April 18, 2013, our stockholders approved an amendment to our certificate of incorporation that increased the number of shares of our Class A common stock we have the authority to issue from 30.0 million shares to 40.0 million shares.

2—Basis of Presentation

Our financial information for the interim periods included in this Form 10-Q Report is unaudited; however, such information reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that, in the opinion of our management, are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for those interim periods. Our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2013 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations we expect for the year ending December 31, 2013.

You should read these interim financial statements in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes to our financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

3—Earnings Per Share

We have two classes of common stock, which we refer to as our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock. Our certificate of incorporation provides that whenever our board of directors declares a dividend on our Class B common stock, our board of directors must also declare a dividend on our Class A common stock that is payable to the holders of our Class A common stock at the same time and as of the same record date at a rate that is at least 10% greater than the rate at which our board of directors declared a dividend on our Class B common stock. Accordingly, we use the two-class method to compute our earnings per common share. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share separately for each class of common stock based on dividends we have declared and an allocation of our remaining undistributed earnings using a participation percentage that reflects the dividend rights of each class. The table below presents for the periods indicated a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators we used to compute basic and diluted net income per share for each class of our common stock:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2013				2012
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic and diluted net income per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	2,102	$	527	$	1,621	$	402

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		21,202,571		5,576,775		20,041,887		5,576,775

Basic net income per share	$	0.10	$	0.09	$	0.08	$	0.07

Diluted net income per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	2,102	$	527	$	1,621	$	402

Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation		21,202,571		5,576,775		20,041,887		5,576,775
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities
Add: Director and employee stock options		401,309		—		297,501		—

Number of shares used in per share computations		21,603,880		5,576,775		20,339,388		5,576,775

Diluted net income per share	$	0.10	$	0.09	$	0.08	$	0.07


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013				2012
	Class A		Class B		Class A		Class B
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Basic and diluted net income per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	7,304	$	1,801	$	8,013	$	2,020

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding		20,637,801		5,576,775		20,019,086		5,576,775

Basic net income per share	$	0.35	$	0.32	$	0.40	$	0.36

Diluted net income per share:
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$	7,304	$	1,801	$	8,013	$	2,020

Denominator:
Number of shares used in basic computation		20,637,801		5,576,775		20,019,086		5,576,775
Weighted-average shares effect of dilutive securities
Add: Director and employee stock options		346,296		—		331,169		—

Number of shares used in per share computations		20,984,097		5,576,775		20,350,255		5,576,775

Diluted net income per share	$	0.35	$	0.32	$	0.39	$	0.36

We did not include outstanding options to purchase the following number of shares of Class A common stock in our computation of diluted earnings per share because the exercise price of the options was greater than the average market price of our Class A common stock during the applicable period:

Three Month Ended June 30,

Six Month Ended June 30,

2013

2012

2013

2012

Number of Class A shares excluded

1,199,000

1,229,500

1,199,000

1,226,500

4—Reinsurance

Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual have participated in a pooling agreement since 1986 under which each company places all of its direct written business into the pool, and Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual then share the underwriting results of the pool in accordance with the terms of the pooling agreement. Atlantic States has an 80% share of the results of the pool, and Donegal Mutual has a 20% share of the results of the pool.

Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual purchase certain third-party reinsurance on a combined basis. Le Mars, MICO, Peninsula and Sheboygan also purchase separate third-party reinsurance that provides coverage that is commensurate with their relative size and exposures. Our insurance subsidiaries use several different reinsurers, all of which, consistent with requirements of our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual, have an A.M. Best rating of A- (Excellent) or better or, with respect to foreign reinsurers, have a financial condition that, in the opinion of our management, is equivalent to a company with at least an A- rating from A.M. Best. The following information describes the external reinsurance our insurance subsidiaries have in place at June 30, 2013:

•

excess of loss reinsurance, under which losses are automatically reinsured, through a series of reinsurance agreements, over a set retention (generally $1.0 million), and

•

catastrophe reinsurance, under which Donegal Mutual, Atlantic States and Southern recover, through a series of reinsurance agreements, 100% of an accumulation of many losses resulting from a single event, including natural disasters, over a set retention (generally $5.0 million) and after exceeding an annual aggregate deductible (generally $5.0 million) up to aggregate losses of $145.0 million per occurrence.

Our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual also purchase facultative reinsurance to cover exposures from losses that exceed the limits their third-party reinsurance agreements provide.

MICO maintains a quota-share reinsurance agreement with third-party reinsurers to reduce its net exposures. Effective January 1, 2013, the quota-share reinsurance percentage was 30%.

In addition to the pooling agreement and third-party reinsurance, our insurance subsidiaries have various reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual.

Other than the changes we discuss above, we have made no significant changes to our third-party reinsurance or the reinsurance agreements between our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

5—Investments

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities and equity securities at June 30, 2013 were as follows:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Held to Maturity
Obligations of states and political subdivisions	$	34,256	$	909	$	—	$	35,165
Residential mortgage-backed securities		115		7		—		122

Totals	$	34,371	$	916	$	—	$	35,287


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	88,497	$	177	$	3,139	$	85,535
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		399,950		15,733		9,622		406,061
Corporate securities		66,530		1,583		1,203		66,910
Residential mortgage-backed securities		121,757		1,116		2,341		120,532
Fixed maturities		676,734		18,609		16,305		679,038
Equity securities		8,938		136		168		8,906

Totals	$	685,672	$	18,745	$	16,473	$	687,944

At June 30, 2013, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $336.6 million and an amortized cost of $328.9 million. Our holdings at June 30, 2013 also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $104.6 million and an amortized cost of $105.3 million. With respect to both categories of these bonds, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of the category at June 30, 2013. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 57% and 21%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at June 30, 2013. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at June 30, 2013 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.

The amortized cost and estimated fair values of our fixed maturities and equity securities at December 31, 2012 were as follows:


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Held to Maturity
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	1,000	$	12	$	—	$	1,012
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		40,909		1,609		—		42,518
Residential mortgage-backed securities		191		15		—		206

Totals	$	42,100	$	1,636	$	—	$	43,736


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	70,254	$	1,101	$	44	$	71,311
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		385,372		32,221		606		416,987
Corporate securities		73,942		3,523		109		77,356
Residential mortgage-backed securities		125,606		3,316		66		128,856

Fixed maturities		655,174		40,161		825		694,510
Equity securities		8,663		201		107		8,757

Totals	$	663,837	$	40,362	$	932	$	703,267

At December 31, 2012, our holdings of obligations of states and political subdivisions included general obligation bonds with an aggregate fair value of $358.5 million and an amortized cost of $332.4 million. Our holdings at December 31, 2012 also included special revenue bonds with an aggregate fair value of $101.0 million and an amortized cost of $93.9 million. With respect to both categories, we held no securities of any issuer that comprised more than 10% of the category at December 31, 2012. Education bonds and water and sewer utility bonds represented 54% and 19%, respectively, of our total investments in special revenue bonds based on their carrying values at December 31, 2012. Many of the issuers of the special revenue bonds we held at December 31, 2012 have the authority to impose ad valorem taxes. In that respect, many of the special revenue bonds we held are similar to general obligation bonds.

We show below the amortized cost and estimated fair value of our fixed maturities at June 30, 2013 by contractual maturity. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


	Amortized Cost		Estimated Fair Value
	(in thousands)
Held to maturity
Due in one year or less	$	500	$	500
Due after one year through five years		28,800		29,566
Due after five years through ten years		4,956		5,099
Due after ten years		—		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		115		122

Total held to maturity	$	34,371	$	35,287

Available for sale
Due in one year or less	$	11,055	$	11,215
Due after one year through five years		55,883		56,907
Due after five years through ten years		216,350		219,694
Due after ten years		271,689		270,690
Residential mortgage-backed securities		121,757		120,532

Total available for sale	$	676,734	$	679,038

Gross realized gains and losses from investments before applicable income taxes were as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Gross realized gains:
Fixed maturities	$	1,389	$	2,199	$	2,340	$	3,695
Equity securities		267		98		741		927

		1,656		2,297		3,081		4,622

Gross realized losses:
Fixed maturities		10		2		24		7
Equity securities		392		767		462		777

		402		769		486		784

Net realized gains	$	1,254	$	1,528	$	2,595	$	3,838

We held fixed maturities and equity securities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at June 30, 2013 as follows:


	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	75,256	$	3,139	$	—	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		101,956		9,622		—		—
Corporate securities		20,838		1,203		—		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		73,008		2,341		—		—
Equity securities		2,920		168		—		—

Totals	$	273,978	$	16,473	$	—	$	—

We held fixed maturities and equity securities with unrealized losses representing declines that we considered temporary at December 31, 2012 as follows:


	Less Than 12 Months				More Than 12 Months
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	12,308	$	44	$	—	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		22,134		606		—		—
Corporate securities		12,272		79		2,959		30
Residential mortgage-backed securities		22,492		66		—		—
Equity securities		2,226		107		—		—

Totals	$	71,432	$	902	$	2,959	$	30

Of our total fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at June 30, 2013, we classified 190 securities with a fair value of $271.1 million and an unrealized loss of $16.3 million as available-for-sale and carried them at fair value on our balance sheet.

Of our total fixed maturity securities with an unrealized loss at December 31, 2012, we classified 46 securities with a fair value of $72.2 million and an unrealized loss of $825,168 as available-for-sale and carried them at fair value on our balance sheet.

We have no direct exposure to sub-prime residential mortgage-backed securities and hold no collateralized debt obligations. Substantially all of the unrealized losses in our fixed maturity investment portfolio have resulted from general market conditions and the related impact on our fixed maturity investment valuations. We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and the recognition of other-than-temporary declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, when we consider the decline in value of an individual investment to be other than temporary, we write the investment down to its fair value, and we reflect the amount of the write-down as a realized loss in our results of operations. We individually monitor all investments for other-than-temporary declines in value. Generally, if an individual equity security has depreciated in value by more than 20% of its original cost, and has been in an unrealized loss position for more than six months, we assume the decline in value is other than temporary. We held seven equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2013. Based upon our analysis of general market conditions and underlying factors impacting these equity securities, we consider these declines in value to be temporary. With respect to a debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize an impairment loss in our results of operations. If it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred. To determine whether a credit loss has occurred, we compare the amortized cost of the debt security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to receive. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider a credit loss to have occurred. If we consider a credit loss to

have occurred, we consider the impairment to be other than temporary. We then recognize the amount of the impairment loss related to the credit loss in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the impairment loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including whether the fair value of the investment is significantly below its cost, whether the financial condition of the issuer of the security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, company and geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of the security and rating agency downgrades. We determined that no investments with fair values below cost had declined on an other-than-temporary basis during the first six months of 2013 and 2012, respectively.

We amortize premiums and discounts on debt securities over the life of the security as an adjustment to yield using the effective interest method. We compute realized investment gains and losses using the specific identification method.

We amortize premiums and discounts on mortgage-backed debt securities using anticipated prepayments.

We account for investments in our affiliates using the equity method of accounting. Under this method, we record our investment at cost, with adjustments for our share of our affiliates’ earnings and losses as well as changes in the equity of our affiliates due to unrealized gains and losses. Our investments in affiliates include our 48.2% ownership interest in DFSC. We include our share of DFSC’s net income in our results of operations. We have compiled the following summary financial information for DFSC at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, from the financial statements of DFSC. The financial information of DFSC at June 30, 2013 and for the three and six months then ended is unaudited.

Balance sheets:


	June 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(in thousands)
Total assets	$	514,654	$	509,670

Total liabilities	$	440,762	$	433,490
Stockholders’ equity		73,892		76,180

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	514,654	$	509,670

Income statements:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013		2012		2013		2012
	(in thousands)
Net income	$	1,401	$	2,303	$	3,659	$	4,739

6—Segment Information

We evaluate the performance of our personal lines and commercial lines segments based upon the underwriting results of our insurance subsidiaries using statutory accounting principles (“SAP”) that various state insurance departments prescribe or permit. Our management uses SAP to measure the performance of our insurance subsidiaries instead of United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). Financial data by segment is as follows:


	Three Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned
Commercial lines	$	49,612		$	42,946
Personal lines		77,351			74,626

Net premiums earned		126,963			117,572
GAAP adjustments		—			(3	)

GAAP premiums earned		126,963			117,569
Net investment income		4,671			4,919
Realized investment gains		1,254			1,528
Equity in earnings of DFSC		676			1,110
Other		1,944			2,173

Total revenues	$	135,508		$	127,299

Income before income taxes:
Underwriting loss:
Commercial lines	$	(3,079	)	$	(157	)
Personal lines		(3,448	)		(9,815	)

SAP underwriting loss		(6,527	)		(9,972	)
GAAP adjustments		2,591			3,572

GAAP underwriting loss		(3,936	)		(6,400	)
Net investment income		4,671			4,919
Realized investment gains		1,254			1,528
Equity in earnings of DFSC		676			1,110
Other		197			958

Income before income taxes	$	2,862		$	2,115


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012
	(in thousands)
Revenues:
Premiums earned
Commercial lines	$	97,243		$	83,783
Personal lines		154,422			148,484

Net premiums earned		251,665			232,267
GAAP adjustments		—			(6	)

GAAP premiums earned		251,665			232,261
Net investment income		9,486			10,009
Realized investment gains		2,595			3,838
Equity in earnings of DFSC		1,764			2,285
Other		3,870			4,254

Total revenues	$	269,380		$	252,647

Income before income taxes:
Underwriting income (loss):
Commercial lines	$	(4,670	)	$	2,320
Personal lines		(3,224	)		(12,574	)

SAP underwriting loss		(7,894	)		(10,254	)
GAAP adjustments		4,340			4,519

GAAP underwriting loss		(3,554	)		(5,735	)
Net investment income		9,486			10,009
Realized investment gains		2,595			3,838
Equity in earnings of DFSC		1,764			2,285
Other		654			1,566

Income before income taxes	$	10,945		$	11,963

7—Borrowings

Lines of Credit

In June 2013, we renewed our existing credit agreement with Manufacturers and Traders Trust Company (“M&T”) relating to a $60.0 million unsecured, revolving line of credit. The line of credit now expires in July 2016. We have the right to request a one-year extension of the credit agreement as of each anniversary date of the agreement. At June 30, 2013, we had $46.5 million in outstanding borrowings and had the ability to borrow an additional $13.5 million at interest rates equal to M&T’s current prime rate or the then current LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. The interest rate on our outstanding borrowings is adjustable quarterly. At June 30, 2013, the interest rate on our outstanding borrowings was 2.44%. We pay a fee of 0.2% per annum on the loan commitment amount regardless of usage. The credit agreement requires our compliance with certain covenants. These covenants include minimum levels of our net worth, leverage ratio, statutory surplus and the A.M. Best ratings of our insurance subsidiaries. We complied with all requirements of the credit agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

MICO is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of Indianapolis. Through its membership, MICO has the ability to issue debt to the FHLB of Indianapolis in exchange for cash advances. MICO had no outstanding borrowings with the FHLB of Indianapolis at June 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012. The table below presents the amount of FHLB of Indianapolis stock MICO purchased, collateral pledged and assets related to MICO’s membership at June 30, 2013.


FHLB stock purchased and owned as part of the agreement	$	252,100
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $2,936,074)		3,700,000
Borrowing capacity currently available		2,544,684

Atlantic States is a member of the FHLB of Pittsburgh. Through its membership, Atlantic States has the ability to issue debt to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for cash advances. In the first quarter of 2013, Atlantic States issued secured debt in the principal amount of $15.0 million to the FHLB of Pittsburgh in exchange for cash advances in the amount of $15.0 million. The interest rate on the advance was .22% at June 30, 2013. Atlantic States then loaned $15.0 million to us. We used the proceeds of our loan from Atlantic States to fund our prepayment of our subordinated debentures, as we discuss below. Atlantic States had no outstanding borrowings with the FHLB of Pittsburgh at December 31, 2012. The table below presents the amount of FHLB of Pittsburgh stock Atlantic States purchased, collateral pledged and assets related to Atlantic States’ membership in the FHLB of Pittsburgh at June 30, 2013.


FHLB stock purchased and owned as part of the agreement	$	960,300
Collateral pledged, at par (carrying value $15,878,619)		19,000,000
Borrowing capacity currently available		878,619

Subordinated Debentures

On October 29, 2003, we received $10.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of subordinated debentures. The debentures had a maturity date of October 29, 2033 and were callable at our option, at par. The debentures carried an interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.85%. On January 28, 2013, we prepaid these subordinated debentures in full and liquidated our investment in the statutory trust.

On May 24, 2004, we received $5.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of subordinated debentures. The debentures had a maturity date of May 24, 2034 and were callable at our option, at par. The debentures carried an interest rate equal to the three-month LIBOR rate plus 3.85%. On February 25, 2013, we prepaid these subordinated debentures in full and liquidated our investment in the statutory trust.

In January 2002, West Bend Mutual Insurance Company (“West Bend”), the prior owner of MICO, purchased a $5.0 million surplus note from MICO at face value to increase MICO’s statutory surplus. On December 1, 2010, Donegal Mutual purchased the surplus note from West Bend at face value. The surplus note carries an interest rate of 5.00%, and any repayment of principal or payment of interest on the surplus note requires prior regulatory approval of the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services.

8—Share–Based Compensation

We measure all share-based payments to employees, including grants of stock options, and use a fair-value-based method for the recording of such expense in our consolidated statements of income. In determining the expense we record for stock options granted to directors and employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates other than Donegal Mutual, we estimate the fair value of each option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The significant assumptions we utilize in applying the Black-Scholes option pricing model are the risk-free interest rate, the expected term, the dividend yield and the expected volatility.

We charged compensation expense related to our stock compensation plans against income before income taxes of $155,523 and $119,868 for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $54,433 and $41,954, respectively. We charged compensation expense for our stock compensation plans against income before income taxes of $327,828 and $239,726 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, with a corresponding income tax benefit of $114,740 and $83,904, respectively. At June 30, 2013, we had $824,223 of unrecognized compensation expense related to nonvested share-based compensation granted under our stock compensation plans. We expect to recognize this cost over a weighted average period of 1.2 years.

We account for share-based compensation to employees and directors of Donegal Mutual as share-based compensation to employees of a controlling entity. As such, we measure the fair value of the award at the grant date and recognize the fair value as a dividend to Donegal Mutual. This accounting applies to options we grant to employees and directors of Donegal Mutual, the employer of a majority of the employees that provide services to us. We recorded no implied dividends for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012. We recorded implied dividends of $20,112 and $18,012 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 of $1.9 million and $627,759, respectively. We received cash from option exercises under all stock compensation plans for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012 of $3.6 million and $818,720, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions from option exercises of share-based compensation of $87,952 and $31,935 for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We realized actual tax benefits for the tax deductions from option exercises of share-based compensation of $186,881 and $39,042 for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

9—Fair Value Measurements

We account for financial assets using a framework that establishes a hierarchy that ranks the quality and reliability of the inputs, or assumptions, we use in the determination of fair value, and we classify financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

Level 1 – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities;

Level 2 – directly or indirectly observable inputs other than Level 1 quoted prices; and

Level 3 – unobservable inputs not corroborated by market data.

For investments that have quoted market prices in active markets, we use the quoted market price as fair value and include these investments in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify publicly traded equity securities as Level 1. When quoted market prices in active markets are not available, we base fair values on quoted market prices of comparable instruments or price estimates we obtain from independent pricing services and include these investments in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. We classify our fixed maturity investments as Level 2. Our fixed maturity investments consist of U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies, obligations of states and political subdivisions, corporate securities and residential mortgage-backed securities.

We present our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount that could be realized if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values or obtain market quotations for substantially all of our fixed maturity and equity investments. We generally obtain one price per security. These pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of fair value the pricing services provide to determine if the estimates we obtain are representative of fair values based upon their general knowledge of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel monitor the market and are familiar with current trading ranges for similar securities and pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, coupon rates, security type and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain periodically to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we received one estimate per security from one of the pricing services, and we priced substantially all of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments using those prices. In our review of the estimates the pricing services provided at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we did not identify any discrepancies, and we did not make any adjustments to the estimates the pricing services provided.

We present our cash and short-term investments at estimated fair value. We classify these items as Level 1.

The carrying values in the balance sheet for premium receivables and reinsurance receivables and payables for premiums and paid losses and loss expenses approximate their fair values. The carrying amounts reported in the balance sheet for our subordinated debentures and borrowings under lines of credit approximate their fair values. We classify these items as Level 3.

We evaluate our assets and liabilities on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level at which to classify them for each reporting period.

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at June 30, 2013:


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	85,535	$	—	$	85,535	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		406,061		—		406,061		—
Corporate securities		66,910		—		66,910		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		120,532		—		120,532		—
Equity securities		8,906		5,355		3,551		—

Totals	$	687,944	$	5,355	$	682,589	$	—

We did not transfer any investments between Levels 1 and 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

The following table presents our fair value measurements for our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at December 31, 2012:


			Fair Value Measurements Using
	Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies	$	71,311	$	—	$	71,311	$	—
Obligations of states and political subdivisions		416,987		—		416,987		—
Corporate securities		77,356		—		77,356		—
Residential mortgage-backed securities		128,856		—		128,856		—
Equity securities		8,757		5,366		3,391		—

Totals	$	703,267	$	5,366	$	697,901	$	—

10—Income Taxes

At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, we had no material unrecognized tax benefits or accrued interest and penalties. Tax years 2009 through 2012 remained open for examination at June 30, 2013. We provide a valuation allowance when we believe it is more likely than not that we will not realize some portion of our tax asset. We established a valuation allowance of $440,778 related to a portion of the net operating loss carryforward of Le Mars at January 1, 2004. We have determined that we are not required to establish a valuation allowance for the other net deferred tax assets of $38.1 million and $37.6 million at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, because it is more likely than not that we will realize these deferred tax assets through reversals of existing temporary differences, future taxable income and the implementation of tax planning strategies. At June 30, 2013, we had a remaining net operating loss carryforward of $2.2 million related to the tax loss we incurred in 2011, which is available to offset our future taxable income and will expire in 2031 if not previously utilized. We also have a net operating loss carryforward of $4.7 million related to Le Mars, which will begin to expire in 2020 if not previously utilized. This carryforward is subject to an annual limitation in the amount that we can use in any one year of approximately $376,000.We also have an alternative minimum tax credit carryforward of $8.0 million with an indefinite life.

11—Impact of New Accounting Standards

In February 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that requires an entity to provide information about amounts it reclassifies out of accumulated other comprehensive income. If GAAP requires an entity to reclassify amounts out of accumulated other comprehensive income to net income in their entirety in the same reporting period, the guidance requires an entity to present significant amounts it reclassifies out of accumulated other comprehensive income by the respective line items of net income, either on the face of the statement where the entity presents net income or in the notes to the entity’s financial statements,. For other amounts that GAAP does not require an entity to reclassify to net income in their entirety, the guidance requires an entity to cross-reference such amounts to other disclosures GAAP requires that provide additional detail about those amounts. The guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods after December 15, 2012. We adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2013. Our adoption of this new guidance did not impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

We recommend that you read the following information in conjunction with the historical financial information and the footnotes to that financial information we include in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We also recommend you read Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We combine our financial statements with those of our insurance subsidiaries and present our financial statements on a consolidated basis in accordance with GAAP.

Our insurance subsidiaries make estimates and assumptions that can have a significant effect on the amounts and disclosures we report in our financial statements. The most significant estimates relate to the reserves of our insurance subsidiaries for property and casualty insurance unpaid losses and loss expenses, the valuation of our investments and our determination of other-than-temporary impairment in our investments and the policy acquisition costs of our insurance subsidiaries. While we believe our estimates and the estimates of our insurance subsidiaries are appropriate, the ultimate amounts may differ from the estimates provided. We regularly review our methods for making these estimates and we reflect any adjustment in our estimates we consider necessary in our results of operations for the period in which our insurance subsidiaries record changes in estimates.

Liability for Unpaid Losses and Loss Expenses

Liabilities for losses and loss expenses are estimates at a given point in time of the amounts an insurer expects to pay with respect to policyholder claims based on facts and circumstances the insurer then knows. At the time of establishing its estimates, an insurer recognizes that its ultimate liability for losses and loss expenses will exceed or be less than such estimates. Our insurance subsidiaries base their estimates of liabilities for losses and loss expenses on assumptions as to future loss trends, expected claims severity, judicial theories of liability and other factors. However, during the loss adjustment period, our insurance subsidiaries may learn additional facts regarding individual claims, and, consequently, it often becomes necessary for our insurance subsidiaries to refine and adjust their estimates of liability. We reflect any adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ liabilities for losses and loss expenses in our operating results in the period in which our insurance subsidiaries record the changes in estimates.

Our insurance subsidiaries maintain liabilities for the payment of losses and loss expenses with respect to both reported and unreported claims. Our insurance subsidiaries establish these liabilities for the purpose of covering the ultimate costs of settling all losses, including investigation and litigation costs. Our insurance subsidiaries base the amount of their liability for reported losses primarily upon a case-by-case evaluation of the type of risk involved, knowledge of the circumstances surrounding each claim and the insurance policy provisions relating to the type of loss their policyholder incurred. Our insurance subsidiaries determine the amount of their liability for unreported claims and loss expenses on the basis of historical information by line of insurance. Our insurance subsidiaries account for inflation in the reserving function through analysis of costs and trends and reviews of historical reserving results. Our insurance subsidiaries closely monitor their liabilities and recompute them periodically using new information on reported claims and a variety of statistical techniques. Our insurance subsidiaries do not discount their liabilities for losses.

Reserve estimates can change over time because of unexpected changes in assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment and, to a lesser extent, assumptions as to our insurance subsidiaries’ internal operations. For example, our insurance subsidiaries have experienced a decrease in claims frequency on workers’ compensation claims during the past several years while claims severity has gradually increased. These trend changes give rise to greater uncertainty as to the pattern of future loss settlements on workers’ compensation claims. Related uncertainties regarding future trends include the cost of medical technologies and procedures and changes in the utilization of medical procedures. Assumptions related to our insurance subsidiaries’ external environment include the absence of significant changes in tort law and the legal environment that increase liability exposure, consistency in judicial interpretations of insurance coverage and policy provisions and the rate of loss cost inflation. Internal assumptions include consistency in the recording of premium and loss statistics, consistency in the recording of claims, payment and case reserving methodology, accurate measurement of the impact of rate changes and changes in policy provisions, consistency in the quality and characteristics of business written within a given line of business and consistency in the levels of reinsurance coverage maintained and the collectability of reinsured losses, among other items. To the extent our insurance subsidiaries determine that underlying factors impacting their assumptions have changed, our insurance subsidiaries attempt to make appropriate adjustments for such changes in their reserves. Accordingly, our insurance

subsidiaries’ ultimate liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses will likely differ from the amount recorded at June 30, 2013. For every 1% change in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimate for loss and loss expense reserves, net of reinsurance recoverable, the effect on our pre-tax results of operations would be approximately $2.6 million.

The establishment of appropriate liabilities is an inherently uncertain process. There can be no assurance that the ultimate liability of our insurance subsidiaries will not exceed our insurance subsidiaries’ unpaid loss and loss expense reserves and have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. Furthermore, we cannot predict the timing, frequency or extent of adjustments to our insurance subsidiaries’ estimated future liabilities, because the historical conditions and events that serve as a basis for our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of ultimate claim costs may change. As is the case for substantially all property and casualty insurance companies, our insurance subsidiaries have found it necessary in the past to increase their estimated future liabilities for unpaid losses and loss expenses in certain periods, and in other periods their estimates have exceeded their actual liabilities. Changes in our insurance subsidiaries’ estimates of their liabilities for unpaid losses and loss expenses generally reflect actual payments and the evaluation of information our insurance subsidiaries have received since the most recent prior reporting date.

Excluding the impact of weather events, our insurance subsidiaries have noted stable amounts in the number of claims incurred and a slight downward trend in the number of claims outstanding at period ends relative to their premium base in recent years across most of their lines of business. However, the amount of the average claim outstanding has increased gradually over the past several years as the United States property and casualty insurance industry has experienced increased litigation trends and economic conditions that have extended the estimated length of disabilities and contributed to increased medical loss costs. We have also experienced a general slowing of settlement rates in litigated claims. Our insurance subsidiaries might have to make further adjustments to their estimates in the future. However, on the basis of our insurance subsidiaries’ internal procedures, which analyze, among other things, their prior assumptions, their experience with similar cases and historical trends such as reserving patterns, loss payments, pending levels of unpaid claims and product mix, as well as court decisions, economic conditions and public attitudes, we believe that our insurance subsidiaries’ current provision for their liability for losses and loss expenses is adequate.

Atlantic States’ participation in the pool with Donegal Mutual exposes it to adverse loss development on the business of Donegal Mutual included in the pool. However, pooled business represents the predominant percentage of the net underwriting activity of both companies, and Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States proportionately share any adverse risk development of the pooled business. The business in the pool is homogeneous and each company has a pro-rata share of the entire pool. Since substantially all of the business of Atlantic States and Donegal Mutual is pooled and each company shares the results according to its participation level under the terms of the pooling agreement, the intent of the underwriting pool is to produce a more uniform and stable underwriting result from year to year for each company than they would experience individually and to spread the risk of loss between the companies.

Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries operate together as the Donegal Insurance Group and share a combined business plan designed to achieve market penetration and underwriting profitability objectives. The products our insurance subsidiaries and Donegal Mutual offer are generally complementary, thereby allowing Donegal Insurance Group to offer a broader range of products to a given market and to expand Donegal Insurance Group’s ability to service an entire personal lines or commercial lines account. Distinctions within the products of Donegal Mutual and our insurance subsidiaries generally relate to specific risk profiles targeted within similar classes of business, such as preferred tier products compared to standard tier products, but we do not allocate all of the standard risk gradients to one company. Therefore, the underwriting profitability of the business the individual companies write directly will vary. However, because the pool homogenizes the risk characteristics of all business Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States write directly and each company shares the results according to each company’s participation percentage, each company realizes its percentage share of the underwriting results of the pool. Our insurance subsidiaries’ unpaid liability for losses and loss expenses by major line of business at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:


	June 30, 2013		December 31, 2012
	(in thousands)
Commercial lines:
Automobile	$	34,420	$	32,012
Workers’ compensation		75,455		67,715
Commercial multi-peril		42,233		39,645
Other		3,840		4,142

Total commercial lines		155,948		143,514

Personal lines:
Automobile		93,976		93,966
Homeowners		11,824		11,643
Other		1,999		1,813

Total personal lines		107,799		107,422

Total commercial and personal lines		263,747		250,936
Plus reinsurance recoverable		225,903		207,891

Total liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses	$	489,650	$	458,827

We have evaluated the effect on our insurance subsidiaries’ unpaid loss and loss expense reserves and our stockholders’ equity in the event of reasonably likely changes in the variables we consider in establishing the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. We established the range of reasonably likely changes based on a review of changes in accident year development by line of business and applied those changes to our insurance subsidiaries’ loss reserves as a whole. The selected range does not necessarily indicate what could be the potential best or worst case or the most likely scenario. The following table sets forth the estimated effect on our insurance subsidiaries’ unpaid loss and loss expense reserves and our stockholders’ equity in the event of reasonably likely changes in the variables we considered in establishing the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries:


Percentage Change in Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance	Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at June 30, 2013		Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at June 30, 2013(1)			Adjusted Loss and Loss Expense Reserves Net of Reinsurance at December 31, 2012		Percentage Change in Stockholders’ Equity at December 31, 2012(1)
	(dollars in thousands)
(10.0)%	$	237,372		4.5	%	$	225,842		4.1	%
(7.5)		243,966		3.3			232,116		3.1
(5.0)		250,560		2.2			238,389		2.0
(2.5)		257,153		1.1			244,663		1.0
Base		263,747		—			250,936		—
2.5		270,341		(1.1	)		257,209		(1.0	)
5.0		276,934		(2.2	)		263,483		(2.0	)
7.5		283,528		(3.3	)		269,756		(3.1	)
10.0		290,122		(4.5	)		276,030		(4.1	)

(1)	Net of income tax effect.

Statutory Combined Ratios

We evaluate our insurance operations by monitoring certain key measures of growth and profitability. In addition to using GAAP-based performance measurements, we also utilize certain non-GAAP financial measures that we believe are valuable in managing our business and for comparison to our peers. These non-GAAP measures are underwriting (loss) income, combined ratio and net premiums written. An insurance company’s statutory combined ratio is a standard measure of underwriting profitability. This ratio is the sum of the ratio of calendar-year incurred losses and loss expenses to premiums earned; the ratio of expenses incurred for commissions, premium taxes and underwriting expenses to net premiums written and the ratio of dividends to policyholders to premiums earned. The combined ratio does not reflect investment income, federal income taxes or other non-operating income or expense. A combined ratio of less than 100 percent generally indicates underwriting profitability. The statutory combined ratio differs from the GAAP combined ratio. In calculating the GAAP combined ratio, we do not deduct installment payment fees from incurred expenses, and we base the expense ratio on premiums earned instead of premiums written. The following table sets forth our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory combined ratios by major line of business for the three and six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2013			2012			2013			2012
Commercial lines:
Automobile		99.8	%		108.6	%		101.2	%		100.9	%
Workers’ compensation		108.1			89.8			104.9			91.8
Commercial multi-peril		103.1			95.4			100.8			91.9
Other		4.8			41.2			NM	¹		35.6
Total commercial lines		101.4			95.1			99.9			92.0
Personal lines:
Automobile		100.2			105.8			102.2			106.3
Homeowners		101.6			116.3			95.3			105.9
Other		88.3			89.6			85.6			83.5
Total personal lines		100.2			108.4			99.2			105.0
Total commercial and personal lines		100.6			103.5			99.3			100.2

¹	Not meaningful

Investments

We make estimates concerning the valuation of our investments and the recognition of other-than-temporary declines in the value of our investments. For equity securities, we write down an individual investment to its fair value and we reflect the amount of the write-down as a realized loss in our results of operations when we consider the decline in value of the individual investment to be other than temporary. We individually monitor all investments for other-than-temporary declines in value. Generally, we assume there has been an other-than-temporary decline in value if an individual equity security has depreciated in value by more than 20% of its original cost and has been in such an unrealized loss position for more than six months. We held seven equity securities that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2013. Based upon our analysis of general market conditions and underlying factors impacting these equity securities, we considered these declines in value to be temporary. With respect to a debt security that is in an unrealized loss position, we first assess if we intend to sell the debt security. If we determine we intend to sell the debt security, we recognize the impairment loss in our results of operations. If we do not intend to sell the debt security, we determine whether it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we recognize an impairment loss in our results of operations. If we determine it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the debt security prior to recovery, we then evaluate whether a credit loss has occurred. We determine whether a credit loss has occurred by comparing the amortized cost of the debt security to the present value of the cash flows we expect to collect on the debt security. If we expect a cash flow shortfall, we consider that a credit loss has occurred. If we determine that a credit loss has occurred, we consider the impairment to be other than temporary. We then recognize the amount of the impairment loss related to the credit loss in our results of operations, and we recognize the remaining portion of the impairment loss in our other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes. In addition, we may write down securities in an unrealized loss position based on a number of other factors, including when the fair value of an investment is significantly below its cost, when the financial condition of the issuer of a security has deteriorated, the occurrence of industry, company or geographic events that have negatively impacted the value of a security or rating agency downgrades. We held 190 debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position at June 30, 2013. Based upon our analysis of general market conditions and underlying factors impacting these debt securities, we considered these declines in value to be temporary. We did not recognize any impairment losses in the first six months of 2013 or 2012.

We present our investments in available-for-sale fixed maturity and equity securities at estimated fair value. The estimated fair value of a security may differ from the amount we could realize if we sold the security in a forced transaction. In addition, the valuation of fixed maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid, increasing the potential that the estimated fair value does not reflect the price at which an actual transaction would occur. We utilize nationally recognized independent pricing services to estimate fair values or obtain market quotations for substantially all of our fixed maturity and equity investments. We generally obtain one price per security. The pricing services utilize market quotations for fixed maturity and equity securities that have quoted prices in active markets. For fixed maturity securities that generally do not trade on a daily basis, the pricing services prepare estimates of fair value measurements based predominantly on observable market inputs. The pricing services do not use broker quotes in determining the fair values of our investments. Our investment personnel review the estimates of fair value the pricing services provide to determine if the estimates we obtain are representative of fair values based upon their general knowledge of the market, their research findings related to unusual fluctuations in value and their comparison of such values to execution prices for similar securities. Our investment personnel monitor the market and are familiar with current trading ranges for similar securities and pricing of specific investments. Our investment personnel review all pricing estimates that we receive from the pricing services against their expectations with respect to pricing based on fair market curves, security ratings, coupon rates, security type and recent trading activity. Our investment personnel review documentation with respect to the pricing services’ pricing methodology that they obtain periodically to determine if the primary pricing sources, market inputs and pricing frequency for various security types are reasonable. At June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we received one estimate per security from one of the pricing services and we priced substantially all of our Level 1 and Level 2 investments using those prices. In our review of the estimates the pricing services provided at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we did not identify any discrepancies and we did not make any adjustments to the estimates the pricing services provided.

Policy Acquisition Costs

Our insurance subsidiaries defer their policy acquisition costs, consisting primarily of commissions, premium taxes and certain other underwriting costs that relate directly to the successful acquisition of insurance policies. We amortize these costs over the period in which our insurance subsidiaries earn the related premiums. The method we follow in computing deferred policy acquisition costs limits the amount of such deferred costs to their estimated realizable value. This method gives effect to the premiums to be earned, related investment income, losses and loss expenses and certain other costs we expect to incur as our insurance subsidiaries earn the premiums.

Results of Operations—Three Months Ended June 30, 2013 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2012

Net Premiums Written. Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums written for the three months ended June 30, 2013 were $140.6 million, an increase of $9.5 million, or 7.2%, from the $131.1 million of net premiums written for the second quarter of 2012. We primarily attribute the increase to a reduction in MICO’s external quota-share reinsurance, the impact of premium rate increases and an increase in the writing of commercial lines of business. Effective January 1, 2013, MICO reduced its external quota-share reinsurance percentage from 40% to 30%. Personal lines net premiums written increased $2.2 million, or 2.7%, for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012. The increase included $1.1 million related to the MICO reinsurance change, with the remainder of the increase attributable to premium rate increases our insurance subsidiaries implemented throughout 2013 and 2012. Commercial lines net premiums written increased $7.2 million, or 14.5%, for the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012. The increase included $1.5 million related to the MICO reinsurance change, with the remainder of the increase attributable to premium rate increases and increased writings of new accounts in the commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation lines of business.

Net Premiums Earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums earned for the second quarter of 2013 were $127.0 million, an increase of $9.4 million, or 8.0%, compared to $117.6 million for the second quarter of 2012, reflecting increases in net premiums written during 2013 and 2012. Our insurance subsidiaries earn premiums and recognize them as revenue over the terms of their policies, which are one year or less in duration. Therefore, increases or decreases in net premiums earned generally reflect increases or decreases in net premiums written in the preceding 12-month period compared to the comparable period one year earlier.

Investment Income. Our net investment income was $4.7 million for the second quarter of 2013, compared to $4.9 million for the second quarter of 2012. We attribute this decrease primarily to lower average investment yields on our invested assets and a decrease in our total average invested assets from $788.2 million for the second quarter of 2012 to $784.7 million for the second quarter of 2013.

Net Realized Investment Gains. Net realized investment gains for the second quarter of 2013 were $1.3 million, compared to $1.5 million for the second quarter of 2012. The net realized investment gains for the second quarters of 2013 and 2012 resulted primarily from strategic sales of fixed maturities within our investment portfolio. We did not recognize any impairment losses in our investment portfolio during the second quarter of 2013 or 2012.

Equity in Earnings of DFSC. Our equity in the earnings of DFSC was $675,568 for the second quarter of 2013, compared to $1.1 million for the second quarter of 2012. The decrease in DFSC’s earnings resulted from a lesser benefit from acquisition accounting adjustments and a decrease in net realized investment gains during the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012.

Losses and Loss Expenses. Our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio, which is the ratio of incurred losses and loss expenses to premiums earned, for the second quarter of 2013 was 70.5%, a decrease from our insurance subsidiaries’ 73.5% loss ratio for the second quarter of 2012. Our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines loss ratio increased to 73.1% for the second quarter of 2013 compared to 67.6% for the second quarter of 2012, primarily due to an increase in workers’ compensation and commercial multi-peril loss ratios. The personal lines loss ratio decreased to 69.4% for the second quarter of 2013, compared to 77.9% for the second quarter of 2012, primarily due to a decrease in the personal automobile and homeowners loss ratios. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced unfavorable loss reserve development of approximately $4.7 million during the second quarter of 2013 in their reserves for prior accident years, compared to unfavorable loss reserve development of approximately $2.3 million during the second quarter of 2012. The change in loss reserve development patterns occurred primarily within our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial multi-peril, personal automobile and workers’ compensation reserves.

Underwriting Expenses. The expense ratio for an insurance company is the ratio of policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses to premiums earned. The expense ratio of our insurance subsidiaries was 32.3% for the second quarter of 2013, compared to 31.9% for the second quarter of 2012. We attribute this increase to increased underwriting-based incentive compensation costs for the second quarter of 2013.

Combined Ratio. The combined ratio represents the sum of the loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio, which is the ratio of workers’ compensation policy dividends incurred to premiums earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ combined ratio was 103.1% and 105.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Interest Expense. Our interest expense for the second quarter of 2013 was $333,699, compared to $630,455 for the second quarter of 2012. The decrease was related to a lower average interest rate on borrowings during the second quarter of 2013 compared to the second quarter of 2012 due to the utilization of FHLB borrowings to prepay $15.5 million of subordinated debentures.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense was $233,171 for the second quarter of 2013, representing an effective tax rate of 8.1%, compared to $92,015 for the second quarter of 2012, representing an effective tax rate of 4.4%. The effective tax rate in both periods represented an estimate based on projected annual taxable income.

Net Income and Earnings Per Share. Our net income for the second quarter of 2013 was $2.6 million, or $.10 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.09 per share of Class B common stock, compared to net income of $2.0 million, or $.08 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.07 per share of Class B common stock, for the second quarter of 2012. We had 20.4 million and 20.0 million Class A shares outstanding at June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We had 5.6 million Class B shares outstanding for both periods.

Results of Operations—Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2012

Net Premiums Written. Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums written for the six months ended June 30, 2013 were $273.0 million, an increase of $20.6 million, or 8.2%, from the $252.5 million of net premiums written for the comparable period of 2012. We primarily attribute the increase to a reduction in MICO’s external quota-share reinsurance, the impact of premium rate increases and an increase in the writing of commercial lines of business. Effective January 1, 2013, MICO reduced its external quota-share percentage from 40% to 30%. Personal lines net premiums written increased $4.2 million, or 2.7%, for the first half of 2013 compared to the first half of 2012. The increase included $2.3 million related to the MICO reinsurance change, with the remainder of the increase attributable to premium rate increases our insurance subsidiaries implemented throughout 2013 and 2012. Commercial lines net premiums written increased $16.4 million, or 16.5%, for the first half of 2013 compared to the first half of 2012. The increase included $3.1 million related to the MICO reinsurance change, with the remainder of the increase attributable to premium rate increases and increased writings of new accounts in the commercial automobile, commercial multi-peril and workers’ compensation lines of business.

Net Premiums Earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ net premiums earned for the first half of 2013 were $251.7 million, an increase of $19.4 million, or 8.4%, compared to $232.3 million for the first half of 2012, reflecting increases in net premiums written during 2013 and 2012. Our insurance subsidiaries earn premiums and recognize them as revenue over the terms of their policies, which are one year or less in duration. Therefore, increases or decreases in net premiums earned generally reflect increases or decreases in net premiums written in the preceding 12-month period compared to the comparable period one year earlier.

Investment Income. Our net investment income was $9.5 million for the first half of 2013, compared to $10.0 million for the first half of 2012. We attribute this decrease primarily to lower average investment yields on our invested assets.

Net Realized Investment Gains. Net realized investment gains for the first half of 2013 were $2.6 million, compared to $3.8 million for the first half of 2012. The net realized investment gains for the first half of 2013 and 2012 resulted primarily from strategic sales of fixed maturities within our investment portfolio. We did not recognize any impairment losses in our investment portfolio during the first half of 2013 or 2012.

Equity in Earnings of DFSC. Our equity in the earnings of DFSC was $1.8 million for the first six months of 2013, compared to $2.3 million for the first six months of 2012. The decrease in DFSC’s earnings resulted from a lesser benefit from acquisition accounting adjustments and a decrease in net realized investment gains during the first six months of 2013 compared to the first six months of 2012.

Losses and Loss Expenses. Our insurance subsidiaries’ loss ratio, which is the ratio of incurred losses and loss expenses to premiums earned, for the first half of 2013 was 69.6%, a decrease from our insurance subsidiaries’ 70.2% loss ratio for the first half of 2012. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced increased frequency of large fire losses during the first half of 2013 compared to the first half of 2012. Large fire losses of $13.8 million in the first half of 2013 increased significantly compared to the $10.2 million sustained during the first half of 2012. Our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial lines loss ratio increased to 71.9% for the first half of 2013 compared to 63.8% for the first half of 2012, primarily due to an increase in workers’ compensation, commercial automobile and commercial multi-peril loss ratios. The personal lines loss ratio decreased to 68.7% for the first half of 2013, compared to 74.0% for the first half of 2012, primarily due to a decrease in the personal automobile and homeowners loss ratios. Our insurance subsidiaries experienced unfavorable loss reserve development of approximately $6.5 million during the first half of 2013 in their reserves for prior accident years, compared to unfavorable loss reserve development of approximately $2.7 million during the first half of 2012. The change in loss reserve development patterns occurred primarily within our insurance subsidiaries’ commercial multi-peril, personal automobile and workers’ compensation reserves.

Underwriting Expenses. The expense ratio for an insurance company is the ratio of policy acquisition costs and other underwriting expenses to premiums earned. The expense ratio of our insurance subsidiaries was 31.5% for the first half of 2013, compared to 32.1% for the first half of 2012. We attribute this decrease to decreased underwriting-based incentive compensation costs for the first half of 2013.

Combined Ratio. The combined ratio represents the sum of the loss ratio, the expense ratio and the dividend ratio, which is the ratio of workers’ compensation policy dividends incurred to premiums earned. Our insurance subsidiaries’ combined ratio was 101.4% and 102.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Interest Expense. Our interest expense for the first half of 2013 was $820,848, compared to $1.2 million for the first half of 2012. The decrease was related to a lower average interest rate on borrowings during the first half of 2013 compared to the first half of 2012 due to the utilization of FHLB borrowings to prepay $15.5 million of subordinated debentures.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense was $1.8 million for the first half of 2013, representing an effective tax rate of 16.8%, compared to $1.9 million for the first half of 2012, representing an effective tax rate of 16.1%. The effective tax rate in both periods represented an estimate based on projected annual taxable income.

Net Income and Earnings Per Share. Our net income for the first half of 2013 was $9.1 million, or $.35 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.32 per share of Class B common stock, compared to net income of $10.0 million, or $.39 per share of Class A common stock on a diluted basis and $.36 per share of Class B common stock, for the first half of 2012. We had 20.4 million and 20.0 million Class A shares outstanding at June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We had 5.6 million Class B shares outstanding for both periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of an entity’s ability to secure enough cash to meet its contractual obligations and operating needs as such obligations and needs arise. Our major sources of funds from operations are the net cash flows we generate from our insurance subsidiaries’ underwriting results, investment income and investment maturities.

We have historically generated sufficient net positive cash flow from our operations to fund our commitments and add to our investment portfolio, thereby increasing future investment returns. The impact of the pooling agreement between Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States has historically been cash-flow positive because of the consistent underwriting profitability of the pool. Donegal Mutual and Atlantic States settle their respective obligations to each other under the pool monthly, thereby resulting in cash flows substantially similar to the cash flows that would result from each company writing direct business. We have not experienced any unusual variations in the timing of claim payments associated with the loss reserves of our insurance subsidiaries. We maintain significant liquidity in our investment portfolio in the form of readily marketable fixed maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. We structure our fixed-maturity investment portfolio following a “laddering” approach, so that projected cash flows from investment income and principal maturities are evenly distributed from a timing perspective, thereby providing an additional measure of liquidity to meet our obligations should an unexpected variation occur in the future. The net cash flows provided by our operating activities in the first six months of 2013 and 2012 were $16.8 million and $3.2 million, respectively, with the change in cash flows due primarily to our insurance subsidiaries’ premium growth during the first six months of 2013 compared to the prior-year period.

At June 30, 2013, we had $46.5 million in outstanding borrowings under our line of credit with M&T and had the ability to borrow an additional $13.5 million at interest rates equal to M&T’s current prime rate or the then current LIBOR rate plus 2.25%. At June 30, 2013, Atlantic States had $15.0 million in outstanding advances with the FHLB of Pittsburgh. The interest rate on these advances was .22% at June 30, 2013.

The following table shows our expected payments for significant contractual obligations at June 30, 2013:


	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		4-5 years		After 5 years
	(in thousands)
Net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries	$	263,747	$	117,974	$	121,631	$	10,822	$	13,320
Subordinated debentures		5,000		—		—		—		5,000
Borrowings under lines of credit		61,500		15,000		46,500		—		—

Total contractual obligations	$	330,247	$	132,974	$	168,131	$	10,822	$	18,320

We estimate the date of payment for the net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses of our insurance subsidiaries based on historical experience and expectations of future payment patterns. We show the liability net of reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses to reflect expected future cash flows related to such liability. Amounts Atlantic States assumes pursuant to the pooling agreement with Donegal Mutual represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ gross liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses, and amounts Atlantic States cedes pursuant to the pooling agreement represent a substantial portion of our insurance subsidiaries’ reinsurance recoverable on unpaid losses and loss expenses. We include cash settlement of Atlantic States’ assumed liability from the pool in monthly settlements of pooled activity, as we net amounts ceded to and assumed from the pool. Although Donegal Mutual and we do not anticipate any changes in the pool participation levels in the foreseeable future, any such change would be prospective in nature and therefore would not impact the timing of expected payments by Atlantic States for its percentage share of pooled losses occurring in periods prior to the effective date of such change.

We estimate the timing of the amounts for the borrowings under our lines of credit based on their contractual maturities we discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings. The borrowings under our lines of credit carry interest rates that vary as we discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings. Based upon the interest rates in effect at June 30, 2013, our annual interest cost associated with the borrowings under our lines of credit is approximately $1.2 million. For every 1% change in the interest rate associated with the borrowings under our lines of credit, the effect on our annual interest cost would be approximately $615,000.

We estimate the timing of the amounts for the subordinated debentures based on their contractual maturity we discuss in Note 7 – Borrowings. The subordinated debentures carry an interest rate of 5%, and any repayment of principal or payment of interest on the subordinated debentures requires prior regulatory approval of the Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services. Our annual interest cost associated with the subordinated debentures is approximately $250,000.

On February 23, 2009, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we may purchase up to 300,000 shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the SEC and in privately negotiated transactions. We did not purchase any shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the six-month period ended June 30, 2013. We purchased 45,764 shares of our Class A common stock under this program during the six-month period ended June 30, 2012. We have purchased a total of 271,692 shares of our Class A common stock under this program from its inception through June 30, 2013.

On July 18, 2013, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which we may purchase up to 500,000 shares of our Class A common stock at prices prevailing from time to time in the open market subject to the provisions of applicable rules of the SEC and in privately negotiated transactions.

On July 18, 2013, our board of directors declared quarterly cash dividends of 12.75 cents per share of our Class A common stock and 11.50 cents per share of our Class B common stock, payable on August 15, 2013 to our stockholders of record as of the close of business on August 1, 2013. We are not subject to any restrictions on our payment of dividends to our stockholders, although there are state law restrictions on the payment of dividends by our insurance subsidiaries to us. Dividends from our insurance subsidiaries are our principal source of cash for payment of dividends to our stockholders. Our insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulations that restrict the payment of dividends from statutory surplus and may require prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities. Our insurance subsidiaries are also subject to risk based capital (“RBC”) requirements that may further impact their ability to pay dividends to us. Our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory capital and surplus at December 31, 2012 exceeded the amount of statutory capital and surplus necessary to satisfy regulatory requirements, including the RBC requirements, by a significant margin. Our insurance subsidiaries paid $10.0 million in dividends to us during the first six months of 2013. Amounts remaining available for distribution to us as dividends from our insurance subsidiaries without prior approval of their domiciliary insurance regulatory authorities in 2013 are $12.0 million from Atlantic States, $0 from Southern, $2.7 million from Le Mars, $2.3 million from Peninsula, $0 from Sheboygan and $2.2 million from MICO, or a total of approximately $19.2 million.

At June 30, 2013, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

Equity Price Risk

Our portfolio of marketable equity securities, which we carry on our consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value, has exposure to the risk of loss resulting from an adverse change in prices. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment staff.

Credit Risk

Our portfolio of fixed-maturity securities and, to a lesser extent, our portfolio of short-term investments is subject to credit risk, which we define as the potential loss in market value resulting from adverse changes in the borrower’s ability to repay its debt. We manage this risk by performing an analysis of prospective investments and through regular reviews of our portfolio by our investment staff. We also limit the percentage and amount of our total investment portfolio that we invest in the securities of any one issuer.

Our insurance subsidiaries provide property and casualty insurance coverages through independent insurance agencies. We bill the majority of this business directly to the insured, although we bill a portion of our commercial business through licensed insurance agents to whom our insurance subsidiaries extend credit in the normal course of business.

Because the pooling agreement does not relieve Atlantic States of primary liability as the originating insurer, Atlantic States is subject to a concentration of credit risk arising from business ceded to Donegal Mutual. Our insurance subsidiaries maintain reinsurance agreements with Donegal Mutual and with a number of other major unaffiliated authorized reinsurers.

Impact of Inflation

We establish property and casualty insurance premium rates before we know the amount of unpaid losses and loss expenses or the extent to which inflation may impact such expenses. Consequently, our insurance subsidiaries attempt, in establishing rates, to anticipate the potential impact of inflation.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Our market risk generally represents the risk of gain or loss that may result from the potential change in the fair value of the securities we hold in our investment portfolio as a result of fluctuations in prices and interest rates and, to a lesser extent, our debt obligations. We manage our interest rate risk by maintaining an appropriate relationship between the average duration of our investment portfolio and the approximate duration of our liabilities, i.e., policy claims of our insurance subsidiaries and our debt obligations.

Our investment mix shifted slightly due to a shift from lower-yielding short-term investments to fixed maturity investments during the first six months of 2013. We have maintained approximately the same duration of our investment portfolio to our liabilities from December 31, 2012 to June 30, 2013.

There have been no material changes to our quantitative or qualitative market risk exposure from December 31, 2012 through June 30, 2013.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to SEC Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, at the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we, including our consolidated subsidiaries, are required to disclose in our periodic filings with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to affect materially, our internal control over financial reporting.

Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

We base all statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not historic facts on our current expectations. Such statements are forward-looking in nature (as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995) and necessarily involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements we make may be identified by our use of words such as “will,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and similar expressions. Actual results could vary materially. The factors that could cause our actual results to vary materially from forward-looking statements we have previously made, include, but are not limited to, our ability to maintain profitable operations, the adequacy of the loss and loss expense reserves of our insurance subsidiaries, business and economic conditions in the areas in which we operate, interest rates, competition from various insurance and other financial businesses, terrorism, the availability and cost of reinsurance, adverse and catastrophic weather events, legal and judicial developments, changes in regulatory requirements, our ability to integrate and manage successfully the companies we may acquire from time to time and the other risks that we describe from time to time in our filings with the SEC. We disclaim any obligation to update such statements or to announce publicly the results of any revisions that we may make to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

Item 4T.

Controls and Procedures.

Not applicable.

Part II. Other Information

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings.

None.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition, and, therefore, the value of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, are subject to a number of risks. For a description of certain risks, we refer to “Risk Factors” in our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2013. There have been no material changes in the risk factors disclosed in that Form 10-K Report during the six months ended June 30, 2013.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3.

Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4.

Removed and Reserved.

Item 5.

Other Information.

None.

Item 6.

Exhibits.


Exhibit No.		Description

Exhibit 31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1		Statement of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code

Exhibit 32.2		Statement of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 of Title 18 of the United States Code

Exhibit 101.INS		XBRL Instance Document

Exhibit 101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

Exhibit 101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document

Exhibit 101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.