As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 22, 2017
1933 Act File No. 333-
1940 Act File No. 811-21449
U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
☒ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
☐ | Pre-Effective Amendment No. |
☐ | Post-Effective Amendment No. |
and/or
☒ | REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 |
☒ | Amendment No. 36 |
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code)
(800) 257-8787
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
Gifford R. Zimmerman
Vice President and Secretary
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Name and Address (Number, Street, City, State, Zip Code) of Agent for Service
Copy to:
Thomas S. Harman
Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP
1111 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20004
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If the securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. ☒
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
☒ When declared effective pursuant to section 8(c)
☐ Immediately upon filing pursuant to no-action relief granted to Registrant on November 9, 2010.
CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Title of Securities Being Registered |
Amount Being |
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit(1) |
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1) |
Amount of Registration Fee(2) |
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Common Shares, $0.01 par value |
1,000 shares | $ | 13.55 | $ | 13,550 | $ | 1.57 | |||||||||
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(1) | Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(c) under the Securities Act of 1933 based on the average of the high and low sales prices of the shares of beneficial interest on August 17, 2017, as reported on the NYSE. |
(2) | Transmitted prior to filing. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such dates as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 22, 2017
The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PROSPECTUS
Million Common Shares
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. The Funds primary investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from regular federal income tax. The Funds secondary investment objective is to seek attractive total return consistent with its primary objective. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives.
Investing in the Funds common shares (Common Shares) involves certain risks that are described in the Risk Factors section of this Prospectus (the Prospectus), including the specific risks relating to the Funds use of leverage.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
You should read this Prospectus, which contains important information about the Fund, before deciding whether to invest and retain it for future reference. A Statement of Additional Information (the SAI), dated , 2017, containing additional information about the Fund, has been filed with the SEC and is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus. You may request a free copy of the SAI, the table of contents of which is on the last page of this Prospectus, annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and other information about the Fund, and make shareholder inquiries by calling (800) 257-8787, by writing to the Fund or from the Funds website (http://www.nuveen.com). The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus. You also may obtain a copy of the SAI (and other information regarding the Fund) from the SECs web site (http://www.sec.gov).
The Funds Common Shares do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board or any other governmental agency.
Portfolio Contents. The Fund invests at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined under Investment Objectives and Policies in the Prospectus Summary), plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal income tax. Up to 20% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals, which creates an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but also creates special risks for Common Shareholders. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 50% of its Managed Assets in investment grade securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by all nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management), the Funds sub-adviser. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in municipal
securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. No more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- by any NRSROs that rate the security or that are unrated by all NRSROs but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities. Currently, the Fund employs leverage through its investments in inverse floating rate securities and its outstanding Variable Rate MuniFund Term Preferred Shares (referred to herein as VMTP Shares).
Adviser and Sub-Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for determining the Funds overall investment strategies and their implementation. Nuveen Asset Management, LLC is the Funds investment sub-adviser and oversees the day-to-day investment operations of the Fund.
The minimum price on any day at which Common Shares may be sold will not be less than the current net asset value per share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities, LLC (Nuveen Securities). The Fund and Nuveen Securities will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price. The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions. For information on how Common Shares may be sold, see the Plan of Distribution section of this Prospectus.
Common Shares are listed on the NYSE. The trading or ticker symbol of the Fund is NMZ. The Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017 was $13.66.
The date of this Prospectus is , 2017
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You should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference into this Prospectus. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. The Fund is not making an offer of these securities in any state where the offer is not permitted. You should not assume that the information contained in this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front of this Prospectus. The Fund will update this Prospectus to reflect any material changes to the disclosures herein.
This is only a summary. You should review the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this Prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information (the SAI).
The Fund |
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company. See The Fund. The Funds common shares, $.01 par value (Common Shares), are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) under the symbol NMZ. See Description of Common Shares. As of June 30, 2017, the Fund had 61,141,452 Common Shares outstanding, 870 shares of Variable Rate MuniFund Term Preferred Shares (referred to herein as VMTP Shares), and net assets applicable to Common Shares of $811,387,542. |
Investment Objectives and Policies |
The Funds primary investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from regular federal income tax. The Funds secondary investment objective is to seek attractive total return consistent with its primary objective. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives. |
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives primarily by investing at least 80% of its Managed Assets (defined below), plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in municipal securities and other related investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal income tax. Up to 20% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. For a discussion of how the federal alternative minimum tax may affect shareholders, see Tax Matters. |
The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax (as used in this document, the term municipal securities refers to all such investments collectively). Municipal securities are often issued by state and local governmental entities to finance or refinance public projects, such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities also may be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long-term basis to provide long-term financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments, and mortgage payments. Municipal securities also may be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. The Fund may purchase municipal securities in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms that include fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon, capital appreciation |
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bonds, tender option bonds, and inverse floating rate securities. Such municipal securities also may be acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships, or other investment companies. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal Securities for additional information on the types of municipal securities in which the Fund may invest. |
Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund, minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than Fund liabilities incurred for the express purpose of creating leverage). Total assets for this purpose shall include assets attributable to the Funds use of effective leverage (whether or not those assets are reflected in the Funds financial statements for purposes of generally accepted accounting principles), such as, but not limited to, the portion of assets in special purpose trusts of which the Fund owns the inverse floater certificates that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate certificates. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in municipal securities that Nuveen Asset Management (defined below under Sub-Adviser) believes are underrated and undervalued. The Funds investment objectives and certain investment policies identified as such are considered fundamental and may not be changed without shareholder approval.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 50% of its Managed Assets in investment grade securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by all nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs) or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. No more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- by any NRSROs that rate the security or that are unrated by all NRSROs but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities.
As of October 31, 2016, approximately 53% of the Funds total investment exposure were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade (using the lowest of Standard & Poors Corporation Ratings Group, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies (S&P), Moodys Investors Services, Inc. (Moodys) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch) ratings). The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events. |
As of June 30, 2017, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.44 years. The Fund will generally invest in municipal securities with an average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years, including the effects of |
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leverage, but it may be shortened or lengthened depending on market conditions and on an assessment by the Funds portfolio manager of which segments of the municipal securities market offer the most favorable relative investment values and opportunities for tax-exempt income and total return. |
The Fund also may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesDerivatives. |
See The Funds Investments and Risk Factors. |
Investment Adviser |
Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (NFALLC), the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall investment strategy and implementation. NFALLC offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. NFALLC has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. NFALLC is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. NFALLC is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC (Nuveen), the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of June 30, 2017, Nuveen managed approximately $929 billion in assets, of which approximately $134 billion was managed by NFALLC. |
Sub-Adviser |
Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management) serves as the Funds sub-adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, a registered investment adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NFALLC. Nuveen Asset Management oversees the day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. |
Nuveen Securities, LLC (Nuveen Securities), a registered broker-dealer affiliate of NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management, is involved in the offering of the Funds Common Shares. See Plan of Distribution-Distribution Through At-The-Market Transactions. |
Use of Leverage |
The Fund uses leverage to seek to enhance total returns. Currently, the Fund employs leverage through its outstanding VMTP Shares, which have seniority over the Common Shares. The Fund also currently invests in residual interest certificates of tender option bond trusts, also called inverse floating rate securities, that have the economic effect of leverage because the Funds investment exposure to the underlying bonds held by the trust have been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate certificates. See Inverse Floating Rate Securities and Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities. The combined economic effect of the total leverage used by the Fund is referred to herein as effective leverage. |
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As of June 30, 2017, the liquidation value of the VMTP Shares outstanding and the annual dividend rate on the VMTP Shares were $87 million and 1.81%, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Funds effective leverage was approximately 35% of its Managed Assets. |
The Fund, along with certain other funds managed by NFALLC (the Participating Funds), also established a 364-day, approximately $3 billion standby credit facility with a group of lenders, under which the Participating Funds may borrow for various purposes other than leveraging for investment purposes. A large portion of this facilitys capacity is currently dedicated for use by a small number of Participating Funds, which does not include the Fund. The remaining capacity under the facility (and the corresponding portion of the facilitys annual costs) is separately dedicated to most of the other open-end funds in the Nuveen fund family, along with a number of Nuveen closed-end funds, including the Fund. The credit facility expires in July 2018 unless extended or renewed.
Leverage involves special risks. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk. There is no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategy will be successful. The Fund will seek to invest the proceeds of any future offerings in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies. See Use of Leverage. |
The Fund pays a management fee to NFALLC (which in turn pays a portion of its fee to the Funds sub-adviser, Nuveen Asset Management) based on a percentage of Managed Assets. Managed Assets include the proceeds realized and managed from the Funds use of leverage as set forth in the Funds investment management agreement. Because Managed Assets include the Funds net assets as well as assets that are attributable to the Funds use of leverage, it is anticipated that the Funds Managed Assets will be greater than its net assets. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management are responsible for using leverage to pursue the Funds investment objectives, and base their decision regarding whether and how much leverage to use for the Fund on their assessment of whether use of such leverage will advance the Funds investment objectives. However, the fact that a decision to increase the Funds leverage will have the effect, all other things being equal, of increasing Managed Assets and therefore NFALLCs and Nuveen Asset Managements fees means that NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may have a conflict of interest in determining whether to increase the Funds use of leverage. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management will seek to manage that potential conflict by only increasing the Funds use of leverage when they determine that such increase is in the Funds best interests and consistent with the Funds investment objective, and by periodically reviewing the Funds performance and use of leverage with the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board). |
Offering Methods |
The Fund may offer shares using one or more of the following methods: (i) at-the-market transactions through one or more broker-dealers that have entered into a selected dealer agreement with Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters; (ii) through an underwriting syndicate; and (iii) through privately negotiated transactions between the Fund and specific investors. See Plan of Distribution. |
Distribution Through At-The-Market Transactions. The Fund, from time to time, may issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities |
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to certain broker-dealers that have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a selected dealer agreement with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS will be acting as Nuveen Securities sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of Common Shares. Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS. Common Shares will be sold at market prices, which shall be determined with reference to trades on the NYSE, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current net asset value per share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund and Nuveen Securities will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price. |
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers participating in the offering at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross sales proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or other broker-dealer. Settlements of Common Share sales will occur on the third business day following the date of sale. |
In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis. |
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement (defined below under Plan of DistributionDistribution Through At-The-Market Transactions) will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through At-The-Market-Transactions. |
The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions. |
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017 was $13.66. |
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen Investments, Inc. (Nuveen Investments), and its funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates. |
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Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates. The Fund, from time to time, may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis (e.g., overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period). The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities and the underwriting syndicate. |
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 5% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest net asset value per Common Share or (ii) 91% of the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through Underwriting Syndicates. |
Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions. The Fund, through Nuveen Securities, from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resale of Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transactions. |
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the investor seeking to purchase the Common Shares. |
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the net asset value per Common Share or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis. See Plan of DistributionDistribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions. |
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606. |
Special Risk Considerations |
Investment in the Fund involves special risk considerations, which are summarized below. The Fund is designed as a long-term investment and not as a trading vehicle. The Fund is not intended to be a complete investment program. See Risk Factors for a more complete discussion of the special risk considerations of an investment in the Fund. |
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Investment and Market Risk. An investment in the Funds Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the municipal securities owned by the Fund, which generally trade in the over-the-counter markets. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. See Risk FactorsInvestment and Market Risk. |
Recent Market Circumstances. The financial crisis in the U.S. and global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, has resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. Liquidity in some markets has decreased and credit has become scarcer worldwide. Recent regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) and the introduction of new international capital and liquidity requirements set forth by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (known as Basel III), may cause lending activity within the financial services sector to be constrained for several years as Basel III rules phase in and rules and regulations are promulgated and interpreted under the Dodd-Frank Act. |
Since 2010, the risks of investing in certain foreign government debt have increased dramatically as a result of the ongoing European debt crisis, which began in Greece and has spread to varying degrees throughout various other European countries. These debt crises and the ongoing efforts of governments around the world to address these debt crises have also resulted in increased volatility and uncertainty in the global securities markets and it is impossible to predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the Fund, though it is possible that these or similar events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Fund. |
In the United States, on August 5, 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. federal government debt to AA+ from AAA. Any additional downgrade by S&P, or any other rating agency, could increase volatility in both stock and bond markets, result in higher interest rates and higher Treasury yields and increase the costs of all kinds of debt. |
Global economies and financial markets are also becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. For example, in a referendum held on June 23, 2016, citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union (EU), creating economic and political uncertainty in its wake. The countrys departure from the EU (known as Brexit) sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound, short-term declines in the stock markets and heightened risk of continued economic volatility worldwide. |
As a consequence of the United Kingdoms vote to withdraw from the EU, the government of the United Kingdom has, pursuant to the Treaty of Lisbon (the Treaty), given notice of its withdrawal and the period for entering into negotiations with the EU Council to agree to terms for the United Kingdoms withdrawal from the EU has commenced. The Treaty provides for a two-year negotiation period, which may be shortened or |
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extended by agreement of the parties. However, there is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences and precise timeframe for the exit, how the negotiations for the withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, and whether the United Kingdoms exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on not only the United Kingdom and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be significant, potentially resulting in increased volatility and illiquidity and lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business activities and revenues. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of such exits, would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties. |
The impact of these developments in the near- and long-term is unknown and could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world. |
Legislation and Regulatory Risk. At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund, securities held by the Fund or the issuers of such securities. Fund shareholders may incur increased costs resulting from such legislation or additional regulation. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives. |
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) has proposed rules governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, which could affect the nature and extent of derivatives used by the Fund. The proposed rules have not yet been adopted and therefore the full extent of such rules is uncertain at this time. It is possible that such rules, if adopted, could limit the implementation of the Funds use of derivatives, which could have an adverse impact on the Fund. |
Economic and Political Events Risk. The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects (such as those relating to the education, health care, housing, transportation, or utilities industries), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds or moral obligation bonds). Such developments may adversely affect a specific industry or local political and economic conditions, and thus may lead to declines in the bonds creditworthiness and value. |
Market Discount from Net Asset Value. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and have during other periods traded at prices lower than net asset value. The Fund cannot predict whether Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds net asset value could decrease as a result of investment activities. Investors bear a risk of loss to the extent that the price at which they sell their shares is lower in relation to the Funds net asset value than at the time of purchase, assuming a stable net asset value. Proceeds from the sale of Common Shares in this offering will be reduced |
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by shareholder transaction costs (if applicable, which vary depending on the offering method used). |
The net asset value per Common Share will also be reduced by costs associated with any future issuances of Common or preferred shares. Depending on the premium of Common Shares at the time of any offering of Common Shares hereunder, the Funds net asset value may be reduced by an amount up to the offering costs borne by the Fund (estimated to be an additional 0.10% of the offering price assuming a Common Share offering price of $13.66 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017)). Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes. See Risk FactorsMarket Discount from Net Asset Value.
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that one or more municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in price, or the issuer thereof will fail to pay interest or principal when due, because the issuer experiences a decline in its financial status. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. If a municipal security satisfies certain rating requirements at the time of investment and is subsequently downgraded below that rating, the Fund will not be required to dispose of the security. If a downgrade occurs, Nuveen Asset Management will consider what action, including the sale of the security, is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. This means that the Fund may invest in municipal securities that are involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or are experiencing other financial difficulties at the time of acquisition (such securities are commonly referred to as distressed securities). |
See Risk FactorsCredit Risk. |
Below Investment Grade Risk. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due, and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. Also, to the extent that the rating assigned to a municipal security in the Funds portfolio is downgraded by any NRSRO, the market price and liquidity of such security may be adversely affected. The market values for municipal securities of below investment grade quality tend to be volatile, and these securities are less liquid than investment grade municipal securities. For these reasons, an investment in the Fund compared with a portfolio consisting solely of investment grade securities, may experience the following:
| increased price sensitivity resulting from changing interest rates and/or a deteriorating economic environment; |
| greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality; |
| adverse issuer specific events that are more likely to render the issuer unable to make interest and/or principal payments; and |
| the possibility that a negative perception of the below investment grade market develops, resulting in the price and liquidity of below investment grade securities becoming depressed, and this negative perception could last for a significant period of time. |
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See Risk FactorsBelow Investment Grade Risk. |
Interest Rate Risk. Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. As interest rates decline, issuers of municipal securities may prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower yielding securities and potentially reducing the Funds income. As interest rates increase, slower than expected principal payments may extend the average life of securities, potentially locking in a below-market interest rate and reducing the Funds value. Currently, market interest rates are at or near historically low levels. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. Because the Fund will invest primarily in long-term municipal securities, the Common Share net asset value and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested primarily in shorter-term municipal securities. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features, in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. |
Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its yield, and the price of a five-year duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield. |
Yield curve risk is associated with either a flattening or steepening of the yield curve, which is a result of changing yields among comparable bonds with different maturities. When market interest rates, or yields, increase, the price of a bond will decrease and vice versa. When the yield curve shifts, the price of the bond, which was initially priced based on the initial yield curve, will change in price. If the yield curve flattens, then the yield spread between long- and short-term interest rates narrows, and the price of the bond will change accordingly. If the bond is short-term and the yield decreases, the price of this bond will increase. If the yield curve steepens, this means that the spread between long- and short-term interest rates increases. Therefore, long-term bond prices, like the ones held by the Fund, will decrease relative to short-term bonds. Changes in the yield curve are based on bond risk premiums and expectations of future interest rates. |
Because the values of lower-rated and comparable unrated debt securities are affected both by credit risk and interest rate risk, the price movements of such lower grade securities in response to changes in interest rates typically have not been highly correlated to the fluctuations of the prices of investment grade quality securities in response to changes in market interest |
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rates. The Funds use of leverage, as described herein, will tend to increase Common Share interest rate risk. See Risk FactorsInterest Rate Risk. |
Municipal Securities Market Risk. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital, and during the recent market turmoil these firms capital was severely constrained. As a result, some firms were unwilling to commit their capital to purchase and to serve as a dealer for municipal bonds. |
Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. Currently, market interest rates are at or near historically low levels which may be unsustainable. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. Because the Fund will invest primarily in longer-term municipal securities, the Common Share net asset value and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested primarily in shorter-term municipal securities. See Risk FactorsMunicipal Securities Market Risk and Risk FactorsSpecial Risks Related to Certain Municipal Obligations. |
Reinvestment Risk. Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the Common Shares market price or your overall returns. See Risk FactorsReinvestment Risk. |
Tax Risk. To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to regulated investment companies, among other things, the Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from certain prescribed sources and satisfy a diversification test on a quarterly basis. If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company for a taxable year, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. |
To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, which are treated as items of interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of obligations exempt from regular income tax as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year. If the proportion of taxable investments held by the Fund exceeds 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any |
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quarter of any Fund taxable year, the Fund would not for that taxable year satisfy the general eligibility test that would otherwise permit it to pay exempt-interest dividends. |
The Fund may enter into various types of derivatives transactions, including financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. The use of such derivatives may generate taxable income. The Funds use of derivatives may also affect the amount, timing, and character of distributions to shareholders and, therefore, may increase the amount of taxes payable by shareholders. |
The value of the Funds investments and its net asset value may be adversely affected by changes in tax rates and policies. Because interest income from municipal securities is normally not subject to regular federal income taxation, the attractiveness of municipal securities in relation to other investment alternatives is affected by changes in federal income tax rates or changes in the tax-exempt status of interest income from municipal securities. Any proposed or actual changes in such rates or exempt status, therefore, can significantly affect the demand for and supply, liquidity and marketability of municipal securities. This could in turn affect the Funds net asset value and ability to acquire and dispose of municipal securities at desirable yield and price levels. Additionally, the Fund is not a suitable investment for individual retirement accounts, for other tax-exempt or tax-deferred accounts or for investors who are not sensitive to the federal income tax consequences of their investments. |
Generally, the Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities do not generate taxable income. |
Leverage Risk. The use of financial leverage created through borrowing, the Funds outstanding preferred shares, or the use of tender option bonds creates an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but also creates special risks for Common Shareholders. There is no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategy will be successful. The risk of loss attributable to the Funds use of leverage is borne by Common Shareholders. The Funds use of financial leverage can result in a greater decrease in net asset values in declining markets. The Funds use of financial leverage similarly can magnify the impact of changing market conditions on Common Share market prices. See Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. |
Because the long-term municipal securities in which the Fund invests generally pay fixed rates of interest while the Funds costs of leverage generally fluctuate with short- to intermediate-term yields, the incremental earnings from leverage will vary over time. However, the Fund may use derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, to fix the effective rate paid on all or a portion of the Funds leverage, in an effort to lower leverage costs over an extended period. Accordingly, the Fund cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield or return to Common Shareholders. The income benefit from leverage will be reduced to the extent that the difference narrows between the net earnings on the Funds portfolio securities and its cost of leverage. The income benefit from leverage will increase to the extent that the difference widens between the net earnings on the Funds portfolio securities and its cost of leverage. If short- or intermediate-term rates rise, the |
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Funds cost of leverage could exceed the fixed rate of return on longer-term bonds held by the Fund that were acquired during periods of lower interest rates, reducing income and returns to Common Shareholders. This could occur even if short- or intermediate-term and long-term municipal rates rise. Because of the costs of leverage, the Fund may incur losses even if the Fund has positive returns, if they are not sufficient to cover the costs of leverage. The Funds cost of leverage includes interest on borrowing, dividends paid on VMTP shares, or the interest expense attributable to tender option bonds (See Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk), as well as any one-time costs (e.g., issuance costs) and ongoing fees and expenses associated with such leverage. |
The Fund is required to maintain certain regulatory and rating agency asset coverage requirements in connection with its use of leverage, in order to be able to maintain the ability to declare and pay Common Share distributions and to maintain the VMTP Shares rating. An NRSRO could downgrade its ratings on the Funds outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares. A ratings downgrade of the Funds preferred shares may result in higher dividend rates and may also force the redemption of such preferred shares at what might be an inopportune time in the market. These factors may result in reduced net earnings or returns to Common Shareholders. |
In order to maintain required asset coverage levels, the Fund may be required to alter the composition of its investment portfolio or take other actions, such as redeeming preferred shares or reducing leverage levels with the proceeds from portfolio transactions, at what might be an inopportune time in the market. Such actions could reduce the net earnings or returns to Common Shareholders over time. |
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, which may themselves be leveraged and therefore present similar risks to those described above and magnify the Funds leverage risk. |
See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk and Use of Leverage. |
Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities. Typically, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust (sometimes called a tender option bond trust) formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. See The Funds InvestmentsInverse Floating Rate Securities. In general, income on inverse floating rate securities will decrease when interest rates increase and increase when interest rates decrease. Investments in inverse floating rate securities may subject the Fund to the risks of reduced or eliminated interest payments and losses of principal. In addition, inverse floating rate securities may increase or decrease in value at a greater rate than the underlying interest rate, which effectively leverages the Funds investment. As a result, the market value of such securities generally will be more volatile than that of fixed rate securities. |
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities, issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the special purpose trust exceeds the level |
13
that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the special purpose trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third-party sponsor of the trust, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. In such instances, the Fund may be at risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. |
The Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund may be highly leveraged. The structure and degree to which the Funds inverse floating rate securities are highly leveraged will vary based upon a number of factors, including the size of the trust itself and the terms of the underlying municipal security. An inverse floating rate security generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the short-term floating rate interests issued by the related special purpose trust is in excess of three times the principal amount of the inverse floating rate securities owned by the trust (the ratio of the principal amount of such short-term floating rate interests to the principal amount of the inverse floating rate securities is referred to as the gearing). In the event of a significant decline in the value of an underlying security, the Fund may suffer losses in excess of the amount of its investment (up to an amount equal to the value of the municipal securities underlying the inverse floating rate securities) as a result of liquidating special purpose trusts or other collateral required to maintain the Funds anticipated effective leverage ratio. |
The Funds investment in inverse floating rate securities will create effective leverage, which will create an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but will also create the possibility that Common Share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the inverse floating rate securities purchased by the Fund. Inverse floating rate securities have varying degrees of liquidity based upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is more volatile than the underlying securities due to leverage. The leverage attributable to such inverse floating rate securities may be called away on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. In certain circumstances, the likelihood of an increase in the volatility of net asset value and market price of the Common Share may be greater for a fund (like the Fund) that relies primarily on inverse floating rate securities to achieve a desired effective leverage ratio. The Fund may be required to sell its inverse floating rate securities at less than favorable prices, or liquidate other Fund portfolio holdings in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following: |
| If the Fund has a need for cash and the securities in a special purpose trust are not actively trading due to adverse market conditions; |
| If special purpose trust sponsors (as a collective group or individually) experience financial hardship and consequently seek to terminate their respective outstanding special purpose trusts; and |
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| If the value of an underlying security declines significantly (to a level below the notional value of the floating rate securities issued by the trust) and if additional collateral has not been posted by the Fund. |
See Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. |
Inflation Risk. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the Common Shares and distributions can decline. See Risk FactorsInflation Risk. |
Derivatives Risk, Including the Risk of Swaps. The Funds use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the investments underlying the derivatives. Whether the Funds use of derivatives is successful will depend on, among other things, if Nuveen Asset Management correctly forecasts market values, interest rates and other applicable factors. If Nuveen Asset Management incorrectly forecasts these and other factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be unfavorably affected. In addition, the derivatives market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the derivatives market could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments. |
The Fund may enter into various types of derivatives transactions, including financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. As of October 31, 2016, the Fund was not invested in derivatives. Like most derivative instruments, the use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. In addition, the use of swaps requires an understanding by Nuveen Asset Management not only of the referenced asset, rate or index, but also of the swap itself and the markets on which they trade. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies would generate taxable income. The derivatives market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the derivatives market could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments. See Risk FactorsDerivatives Risk, Including the Risk of Swaps, Risk FactorsCounterparty Risk, Risk FactorsHedging Risk and the SAI. |
Counterparty Risk. Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Funds counterparties with respect to derivatives, insured municipal securities or other transactions supported by another partys credit may affect the value of those instruments. Certain entities that have served as counterparties in the markets for these transactions have recently incurred significant financial hardships and losses, including bankruptcy and losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced these entities capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using such derivatives or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its |
15
counterparties could experience similar financial hardships. See Risk FactorsCounterparty Risk. |
Hedging Risk. The Funds use of derivatives or other transactions to reduce risks involves costs and will be subject to NFALLCs and Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Funds portfolio holdings or other factors. No assurance can be given that NFALLCs and Nuveen Asset Managements judgment in this respect will be correct. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Fund will enter into hedging or other transactions at times or under circumstances in which it may be advisable to do so. See Risk FactorsHedging Risk. |
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management each provide a wide array of portfolio management and other asset management services to a mix of clients and may engage in ordinary course activities in which their respective interests or those of their clients may compete or conflict with those of the Fund. For example, NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may provide investment management services to other funds and accounts that follow investment objectives similar to those of the Fund. In certain circumstances, and subject to its fiduciary obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Nuveen Asset Management may have to allocate a limited investment opportunity among its clients, which include closed-end funds, open-end funds and other commingled funds. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management have each adopted policies and procedures designed to address such situations and other potential conflicts of interests. For additional information about potential conflicts of interest, and the way in which NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management address such conflicts, please see the SAI. |
Anti-Takeover Provisions. The Funds Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) and the Funds By-Laws (the By-Laws) include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status. These provisions could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-LawsAnti-Takeover Provisions and Risk FactorsAnti-Takeover Provisions. |
In addition, an investment in the Funds Common Shares raises other risks, which are more fully disclosed in the Risk Factors section of this Prospectus. |
Distributions |
The Fund pays monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per Common Share dividend rate) based on the projected performance of the Fund. The Funds ability to maintain a level Common Share dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including dividends payable on VMTP Shares. As portfolio and market conditions change, the rate of dividends on the Common Shares and the Funds dividend policy could change. For each taxable year, the Fund will distribute all or substantially all of its net investment income (after it pays accrued dividends on VMTP Shares). In addition, the Fund intends to distribute, at least annually, all or substantially all of its net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital |
16
loss) and taxable ordinary income, if any, to Common Shareholders so long as the net capital gain and taxable ordinary income are not necessary to pay accrued dividends on, or redeem or liquidate, any preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, then outstanding or pay any interest and required principal payments on borrowings. While not currently anticipated, if the Fund makes total distributions during a given calendar year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment income and net capital gain for that calendar year, the excess would generally be treated by Common Shareholders as a return of capital for tax purposes. A return of capital reduces a shareholders tax basis, which could result in higher taxes when the shareholder sells his or her shares. This may cause the shareholder to pay taxes even if he or she sells shares for less than the original price. You may elect to reinvest automatically some or all of your distributions in additional Common Shares under the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
The Fund might not distribute all or a portion of any net capital gain for a taxable year. If the Fund does not distribute all of its net capital gain for a taxable year, it will pay federal income tax on the retained gain. Provided the Fund satisfies certain requirements, each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year will include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of tax paid by the Fund on such retained gain, and will be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax. The Fund may treat the retained capital gain amount as a substitute for equivalent cash distributions. See Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time, subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders. |
Custodian and Transfer Agent |
State Street Bank and Trust Company serves as custodian and transfer agent of the Funds assets. See Custodian and Transfer Agent. |
Special Tax Considerations |
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. If you are, or as a result of investment in the Fund would become, subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for you. In addition, distributions of taxable ordinary income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. See Tax Matters. |
Voting Rights |
The holders of the Funds VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, would have the right to elect at least two trustees at all times and to elect a majority of the trustees in the event two full years dividends on the preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, are unpaid. In each case, the remaining trustees would be elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares voting together as a single class. The holders of shares of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, will vote as a separate class or classes on certain other matters as required under the Declaration, the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and Massachusetts law. See Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights and Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust. |
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The purpose of the table below and the Examples below are to help you understand all fees and expenses that you, as a Common Shareholder, would bear directly or indirectly. The table shows the expenses of the Fund as a percentage of the average net assets applicable to Common Shares, and not as a percentage of total assets or Managed Assets.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of offering price) |
||||
Maximum Sales Charge |
4.00 | %* | ||
Offering Costs(1) |
0.10 | % | ||
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(2) |
$ | 2.50 |
* | A maximum sales charge of 4.00% applies only to offerings pursuant to a syndicated underwriting. The maximum sales charge for offerings made at-the-market is 1.00%. There is no sales charge for offerings pursuant to a private transaction. |
As a Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares(3) |
||||
Annual Expenses |
||||
Management Fees(4) |
0.97 | % | ||
Fees on VMTP Shares and Interest and Related Expenses from |
0.24 | % | ||
Other Expenses(6) |
0.07 | % | ||
Total Annual Expenses |
1.28 | % | ||
(1) | Assuming a Common Share offering price of $13.66 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017). |
(2) | You will be charged a $2.50 service charge and pay brokerage charges if you direct State Street Bank and Trust Company, as agent for the Common Shareholders (the Plan Agent), to sell your Common Shares held in a dividend reinvestment account. |
(3) | Stated as percentages of average net assets attributable to Common Shares for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016. |
(4) | The Management Fees shown in the fee table are higher than the contractual management fee rates because the Management Fees in the table are calculated as a percentage of the Funds average net assets applicable to Common Shares, rather than the Funds Managed Assets. Managed Assets includes assets attributable to leverage. The management fee consists of a fund-level fee and complex-level fee. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Fund-level fee was 0.5218% of Managed Assets or 0.7425% of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares and the complex-level fee was 0.1626% of Managed Assets or 0.2314% of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares. See Management of the FundInvestment Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements for a complete discussion of how the Management Fee is calculated. |
(5) | Currently, the Fund employs leverage through its investment in VMTP Shares and through certain of its investments in inverse floating rate securities. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Funds effective leverage was approximately 32% of the Funds Managed Assets. Fees on VMTP Shares assume annual dividends paid and amortization of offering costs. Interest and Related Expenses from Inverse Floaters include interest expense attributable to inverse floating rate securities created by selling a fixed-rate bond to a broker dealer for deposit into the special purpose trust and receiving in turn the residual interest in the trust (self-deposited inverse floating rate securities). To the extent each Fund creates self-deposited |
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inverse floating rate securities, the Fund recognizes interest expense because accounting rules require the Fund to treat interest paid by such trusts as having been paid (indirectly) by the Fund. Because the Fund also recognizes a corresponding amount of additional interest earned (also indirectly), the Funds net asset value per share, net investment income and total return are not affected by this accounting treatment. The actual fees on VMTP Shares and interest and related expenses from inverse floaters incurred in the future may be higher or lower. The Funds use of leverage will increase the amount of management fees paid to the NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management. |
(6) | Other Expenses is based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. Expenses attributable to the Funds investments, if any, in other investment companies are currently estimated not to exceed 0.01%. See Portfolio CompositionOther Investment Companies in the SAI. |
Examples
The following examples illustrate the expenses (including the applicable transaction fees, referred to as the Maximum Sales Charge in the fee table above), if any, and estimated offering costs of $1.00 that a shareholder would pay on a $1,000 investment that is held for the time periods provided in the table. Each example assumes that all dividends and other distributions are reinvested in the Fund and that the Funds Annual Expenses, as provided above, remain the same. The examples also assume a 5% annual return.(1)
Example # 1 (At-the-Market Transaction)
The following example assumes a transaction fee of 1.00%, as a percentage of the offering price.
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years | |||
$24 | $51 | $80 | $164 |
Example # 2 (Underwriting Syndicate Transaction)
The following example assumes a transaction fee of 4.00%, as a percentage of the offering price.
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years | |||
$54 | $80 | $108 | $189 |
Example # 3 (Privately Negotiated Transaction)
The following example assumes there is no transaction fee.
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years | |||
$14 | $42 | $71 | $155 |
The examples should not be considered a representation of future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those shown above.
(1) | The examples assume that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at Common Share net asset value. Actual expenses may be greater or less than those assumed. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the example. |
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The following Financial Highlights table is intended to help a prospective investor understand the Funds financial performance for the periods shown. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Common share of the Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in Common shares of the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends). The Funds annual financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, including the financial highlights for the fiscal years then ended, have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. KPMG has not reviewed or examined any records, transactions or events after the date of such reports. The information with respect to the fiscal years ended prior to October 31, 2014 has been audited by other auditors. The information with respect to the six months ended April 30, 2017 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2017 Semi-Annual Report. A copy of the Annual Report and the Semi-Annual Report may be obtained from www.sec.gov or by visiting www.nuveen.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus. Past results are not indicative of future performance.
The following per share data and ratios have been derived from information provided in the financial statements.
Selected data for a Common share outstanding throughout each period:
Period Ended April 30, 2017(g) |
Period Ended October 31 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PER SHARE OPERATING PERFORMANCE | 2016 |
2015 |
2014 |
2013 |
2012 |
2011 |
2010 |
2009 |
2008 |
2007 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning Common Share Net Asset Value (NAV) |
$ | 13.68 | $ | 13.66 | $ | 13.71 | $ | 12.36 | $ | 13.45 | $ | 11.59 | $ | 12.13 | $ | 11.18 | $ | 9.63 | $ | 15.36 | $ | 16.00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment Operations: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
.41 | .86 | .91 | .93 | .94 | .91 | .96 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.29 | 1.23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Realized/Unrealized Gain (Loss) |
(.59 | ) | .04 | (.04 | ) | 1.33 | (1.20 | ) | 1.78 | (.57 | ) | .89 | 1.48 | (5.70 | ) | (.65 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions from Net Investment Income to Auction Rate Preferred (ARPS) Shareholders(a) |
| | | | | | (.01 | ) | (.01 | ) | (.04 | ) | (.23 | ) | (.24 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions from Accumulated Net Realized Gains to ARPS Shareholders(a) |
| | | | | | | | | (.02 | ) | | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
(.18 | ) | .90 | .87 | 2.26 | (.26 | ) | 2.69 | .38 | 1.92 | 2.50 | (4.66 | ) | .34 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Less Distributions to Common Shareholders: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
From Net Investment Income |
(.41 | ) | (.91 | ) | (.92 | ) | (.91 | ) | (.88 | ) | (.90 | ) | (.96 | ) | (1.01 | ) | (1.04 | ) | (.98 | ) | (.98 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
From Accumulated Net Realized |
| | | | | | | | | (.09 | ) | | * | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total |
(.41 | ) | (.91 | ) | (.92 | ) | (.91 | ) | (.88 | ) | (.90 | ) | (.96 | ) | (1.01 | ) | (1.04 | ) | (1.07 | ) | (.98 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Share: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Premium Per Share Sold through Shelf Offering |
| * | .03 | | | * | .05 | .07 | .04 | .04 | .09 | .01 | .01 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shelf Offering Costs and ARPS Share Underwriting Discounts |
| | | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | * | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending NAV |
$ | 13.09 | $ | 13.68 | $ | 13.66 | $ | 13.71 | $ | 12.36 | $ | 13.45 | $ | 11.59 | $ | 12.13 | $ | 11.18 | $ | 9.63 | $ | 15.36 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Share Price |
$ | 13.22 | $ | 13.32 | $ | 13.76 | $ | 13.21 | $ | 11.99 | $ | 14.22 | $ | 11.75 | $ | 12.95 | $ | 11.92 | $ | 11.02 | $ | 15.82 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Share Total Returns: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on NAV(b) |
(1.22 | )% | 6.91 | % | 6.54 | % | 18.90 | % | (1.71 | )% | 24.55 | % | 4.24 | % | 18.18 | % | 30.90 | % | (32.63 | )% | 2.14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Based on Share Price(b) |
2.46 | % | 3.34 | % | 11.49 | % | 18.31 | % | (9.71 | )% | 29.84 | % | (1.22 | )% | 17.90 | % | 20.00 | % | (24.77 | )% | (2.68 | )% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Share Supplemental Data/Ratios Applicable to Common Shares |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ending Net Assets (000) |
$ | 773,670 | $ | 788,577 | $ | 684,109 | $ | 686,299 | $ | 618,394 | $ | 402,573 | $ | 323,090 | $ | 324,450 | $ | 288,963 | $ | 230,123 | $ | 361,484 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets Before Reimbursement(c): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses(e) |
1.48 | %** | 1.28 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.28 | % | 1.28 | % | 1.42 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.22 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.56 | % | 1.50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
6.38 | %** | 6.27 | % | 6.64 | % | 7.14 | % | 7.34 | % | 7.31 | % | 8.55 | % | 8.66 | % | 10.88 | % | 8.95 | % | 7.31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Ratios to Average Net Assets After Reimbursement(c)(d): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses(e) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.41 | % | 1.40 | % | 1.00 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.05 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Investment Income (Loss) |
N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 7.32 | % | 8.66 | % | 8.88 | % | 11.24 | % | 9.43 | % | 7.76 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Turnover Rate(f) |
5 | % | 11 | % | 9 | % | 13 | % | 16 | % | 12 | % | 32 | % | 7 | % | 28 | % | 23 | % | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
ARPS Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 95,000 | $ | 95,000 | $ | 155,000 | $ | 155,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per $25,000 Share |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 110,382 | $ | 101,043 | $ | 62,117 | $ | 83,304 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Variable Rate MuniFund Term Preferred (VMTP) Shares at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | 87,000 | $ | 87,000 | $ | 87,000 | $ | 87,000 | $ | 87,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per $100,000 Share |
$ | 989,276 | $ | 1,006,411 | $ | 886,333 | $ | 888,850 | $ | 810,798 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Borrowings at the End of Period: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Aggregate Amount Outstanding (000) |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 50,000 | $ | 50,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Coverage Per $1,000 |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,051 | $ | 7,462 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | |
20
(a) | The amounts shown for ARPS are based on Common Share equivalents. |
(b) | Total Return Based on Common Share NAV is the combination of changes in common share NAV, reinvested dividend income at NAV and reinvested capital gains distributions at NAV, if any. The last dividend declared in the period, which is typically paid on the first business day of the following month, is assumed to be reinvested at the ending NAV. The actual reinvest price for the last dividend declared in the period may often be based on the Funds market price (and not its NAV), and therefore may be different from the price used in the calculation. Total returns are not annualized. |
Total Return Based on Common Share Price is the combination of changes in the market price per share and the effect of reinvested dividend income and reinvested capital gains distributions, if any, at the average price paid per share at the time of reinvestment. The last dividend declared in the period, which is typically paid on the first business day of the following month, is assumed to be reinvested at the ending market price. The actual reinvestment for the last dividend declared in the period may take place over several days, and in some instances may not be based on the market price, so the actual reinvestment price may be different from the price used in the calculation. Total returns are not annualized. |
(c) | Ratios do not reflect the effect of dividend payments to ARPS shareholders, during periods when ARPS were outstanding; Net Investment Income (Loss) ratios reflect income earned and expenses incurred on assets attributable to ARPS, and other subsequent forms of preferred shares issued by the Fund, where applicable. |
(d) | After expense reimbursement from NFALLC, where applicable. As of November 30, 2011, NFALLC is no longer reimbursing the Fund for any fees or expenses. |
(e) | The expense ratios reflect, among other things, all interest expense and other costs related to Preferred Shares and/or the interest expense deemed to have been paid by the Fund on the floating rate certificates issued by the special purpose trusts for the self-deposited inverse floaters held by the Fund and/or the effect of the interest expense and fees paid on borrowings (which the Fund terminated during the fiscal year ended October 31, 2013), where applicable, as follows: |
Period Ended 4/30: |
||||
2017(g) |
0.43 | %** |
Period Ended 10/31: |
||||
2016 |
0.24 | % | ||
2015 |
0.17 | |||
2014 |
0.19 | |||
2013 |
0.20 | |||
2012 |
0.21 | |||
2011 |
0.15 | |||
2010 |
0.01 | |||
2009 |
0.03 | |||
2008 |
0.20 | |||
2007 |
0.22 |
(f) | Portfolio Turnover Rate is calculated based on the lesser of long-term purchases or sales divided by the average long-term market value during the period. |
(g) | For the six months ended April 30, 2017 (Unaudited). |
* | Rounds to less than $0.01 per share. |
** | Annualized. |
N/A | Fund no longer has a contractual reimbursement agreement with NFALLC. |
21
TRADING AND NET ASSET VALUE INFORMATION
The following table shows for the periods indicated: (i) the high and low sales prices for the Common Shares reported as of the end of the day on the NYSE or NYSE MKT, as applicable, (ii) the high and low net asset values of the Common Shares, and (iii) the high and low of the premium/(discount) to net asset value (expressed as a percentage) of the Common Shares.
Market Price |
Net Asset Value |
Premium/(Discount) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Fiscal Quarter Ended |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
High |
Low |
||||||||||||||||||
July 2017 |
$ | 13.61 | $ | 13.22 | $ | 13.39 | $ | 13.07 | 2.02 | % | 0.30 | % | ||||||||||||
April 2017 |
$ | 13.28 | $ | 12.73 | $ | 13.14 | $ | 12.81 | 1.54 | % | (0.62 | )% | ||||||||||||
January 2017 |
$ | 13.53 | $ | 12.70 | $ | 13.70 | $ | 12.65 | 1.63 | % | (2.05 | )% | ||||||||||||
October 2016 |
$ | 15.17 | $ | 13.24 | $ | 14.11 | $ | 13.66 | 7.68 | % | (3.29 | )% | ||||||||||||
July 2016 |
$ | 15.33 | $ | 14.04 | $ | 14.19 | $ | 13.90 | 8.03 | % | 0.72 | % | ||||||||||||
April 2016 |
$ | 14.18 | $ | 13.76 | $ | 13.93 | $ | 13.66 | 2.31 | % | 0.29 | % | ||||||||||||
January 2016 |
$ | 13.96 | $ | 13.35 | $ | 13.81 | $ | 13.51 | 1.23 | % | (1.39 | )% | ||||||||||||
October 2015 |
$ | 13.76 | $ | 13.25 | $ | 13.67 | $ | 13.48 | 0.73 | % | (2.57 | )% | ||||||||||||
July 2015 |
$ | 13.81 | $ | 12.92 | $ | 13.77 | $ | 13.48 | 0.51 | % | (4.79 | )% | ||||||||||||
April 2015 |
$ | 14.17 | $ | 13.30 | $ | 14.06 | $ | 13.73 | 0.78 | % | (3.55 | )% | ||||||||||||
January 2015 |
$ | 14.08 | $ | 13.10 | $ | 14.06 | $ | 13.62 | 0.14 | % | (4.48 | )% |
The net asset value per Common Share, the market price and percent of premium/(discount) to net asset value per Common Share on August 2, 2017 were $13.36, $13.66 and 2.25%, respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Fund had 61,141,452 Common Shares outstanding, 870 VMTP Shares and net assets applicable to Common Shares of $811,387,542. See Repurchase of Fund Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund.
The Fund is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on October 8, 2003. The Funds Common Shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol NMZ.
The following provides information about the Funds outstanding shares as of June 30, 2017:
Title of Class |
Amount Authorized |
Amount Held by the Fund or for its Account |
Amount Outstanding |
|||||||||
Common |
unlimited | 0 | 61,141,452 | |||||||||
Preferred |
unlimited | | | |||||||||
VMTP Shares |
870 | 0 | 870 |
5% Shareholders
The following table sets forth the percentage ownership of each person who, as of August 1, 2017, owned of record, or is known by the Fund to own of record or beneficially, 5% or more of any class of the Funds equity securities:*
Name of Equity Security |
Name and Address of Owner |
% of Beneficial Ownership* |
||||
Variable Rate Munifund Term Preferred Shares |
Bank of America Corporation |
100 | % |
* | The information contained in this table is based on a Schedule 13D filing made July 2, 2015. |
22
The Funds principal office is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, and its telephone number is (800) 257-8787.
The net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares hereunder will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as stated below. Pending investment, the timing of the investment may vary depending on the size of the net proceeds but in no case is expected to exceed 30 days, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term or long-term securities issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities or in high quality, short-term money market instruments. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk and Use of Leverage.
Investment Objectives
The Funds primary investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from regular federal income tax. The Funds secondary investment objective is to seek attractive total return consistent with its primary objective. Any capital appreciation realized by the Fund will generally result in the distribution of taxable capital gains to Common Shareholders. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in municipal securities that Nuveen Asset Management believes are underrated and undervalued. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives. See The Funds InvestmentsInvestment Policies.
Investment Philosophy
Nuveen Asset Management believes that the unique tax treatment of municipal securities and the structural characteristics in the municipal securities market create attractive opportunities to enhance the after-tax total return and diversification of the investment portfolios of taxable investors. Nuveen Asset Management believes that these unique characteristics also present unique risks that may be managed to realize the benefits of the asset class.
After-Tax Income Potential. The primary source of total return from municipal securities comes from the tax-exempt income derived therefrom. Nuveen Asset Management believes that, at acceptable levels of credit risk and maturity principal risk, the municipal securities market offers the potential for higher after-tax income when compared with other fixed income markets.
Managing Multi-Faceted Risks. Risk in the municipal securities market is derived from multiple sources, including credit risk at the issuer and sector levels, structural risks such as call risk, yield curve risk, and legislative and tax-related risks. Nuveen Asset Management believes that managing these risks at both the individual security and Fund portfolio levels is an important element of realizing the after-tax income and total return potential of the asset class.
Opportunities to Identify Underrated and Undervalued Municipal Securities. Within the state and national municipal securities markets, there are issuers with a wide array of financing purposes, security terms, offering structures and credit quality. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the size, depth and other characteristics of the state and national municipal securities markets offer a broad opportunity set of individual issuers in securities that may be underrated and undervalued relative to the general market.
Market Inefficiencies. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the scale and intricacy of the municipal securities market often results in pricing anomalies and other inefficiencies that can be identified and capitalized on through trading strategies.
23
Investment Process
Nuveen Asset Management believes that a bottom-up, value-oriented investment strategy that seeks to identify underrated and undervalued securities and sectors is positioned to capture the opportunities inherent in the municipal securities market and potentially outperform the general municipal securities market over time. The primary elements of Nuveen Asset Managements investment process are:
Credit Analysis and Surveillance. Nuveen Asset Management focuses on bottom-up, fundamental analysis of municipal securities issuers. Analysts screen each sector for issuers that meet the fundamental tests of creditworthiness and favor those securities with demonstrable growth potential, solid coverage of debt service and a priority lien on hard assets, dedicated revenue streams or tax resources. As part of Nuveen Asset Managements overall risk management process, analysts actively monitor the credit quality of portfolio holdings.
Sector Analysis. Organized by sector, analysts continually assess the key issues and trends affecting each sector in order to maintain a sector outlook. Evaluating such factors as historical default rates and average credit spreads within each sector, analysts provide top-down analysis that supports decisions to overweight or underweight a given sector in a portfolio.
Diversification. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to invest in a large number of sectors, states and specific issuers in order to help insulate a portfolio from events that affect any individual industry, geographic location or credit.
Portfolio managers normally seek to limit exposure to individual credits over the long-term. Portfolio managers also seek to diversify other portfolio level risks, including exposure to calls, and to manage a portfolios interest rate sensitivity within tolerance bands relative to the relevant benchmark.
Trading Strategies. Through its trading strategies, Nuveen Asset Management seeks to enhance portfolio value by trading to take advantage of inefficiencies found in the municipal market. This may entail selling issues Nuveen Asset Management deems to be overvalued and purchasing issues Nuveen Asset Management considers to be undervalued.
Sell Discipline. Nuveen Asset Management generally sells securities when it (i) determines a security has become overvalued or over-rated, (ii) identifies credit deterioration, or (iii) modifies a portfolio strategy, such as sector allocation. Nuveen Asset Management may also sell securities when such securities exceed the portfolios diversification targets.
Investment Policies
It is a fundamental policy of the Fund that its investment in municipal securities paying interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax will, under normal circumstances, comprise at least 80% of the Funds Managed Assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes. Up to 20% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. For a discussion of how the federal alternative minimum tax may affect shareholders, see Tax Matters.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 50% of its Managed Assets in investment grade securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by all NRSROs or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. No more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- by any NRSROs that rate the security or that are unrated by all NRSROs but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly
24
speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities.
As of October 31, 2016, approximately 53% of the Funds total investment exposure were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade. The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events.
Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The foregoing credit quality policies apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, Nuveen Asset Management may consider such factors as Nuveen Asset Managements assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. A general description of Moodys, S&Ps and Fitchs ratings of municipal securities is set forth in Appendix A to the SAI. The Fund may also invest in securities of other open-or closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesOther Investment Companies and Portfolio Composition.
The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are additionally secured by insurance, bank credit agreements, or escrow accounts. The credit quality of companies which provide such credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Although the insurance feature reduces certain financial risks, the premiums for insurance and the higher market price paid for insured obligations may reduce the Funds income. The Fund may use any insurer, regardless of its rating. A municipal security will be deemed to have the rating of its insurer. The insurance feature does not guarantee the market value of the insured obligations or the net asset value of the Common Shares.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in municipal securities in any one industry or in any one state of origin. In addition, subject to the concentration limits of the Funds investment policies and guidelines, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors of the municipal securities market. (See Risk Factors - Sector and Industry Risk).
The credit quality policies noted above apply only at the time a security is purchased, and the Fund is not required to dispose of a security in the event that a rating agency downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issue, even if such downgrade causes the portfolio to fall below the 80% threshold. If at any time the Fund falls below the 80% threshold, the Funds future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Funds portfolio back into compliance with this policy. In determining whether to retain or sell such a security, Nuveen Asset Management may consider such factors as Nuveen Asset Managements assessment of the credit quality of the issuer of such security, the price at which such security could be sold and the rating, if any, assigned to such security by other rating agencies. A general description of the ratings of S&P, Moodys and Fitch of municipal securities is set forth in Appendix A to the SAI.
Upon Nuveen Asset Managements recommendation, during temporary defensive periods and in order to keep the Funds cash fully invested, including the period during which the net proceeds of any offering of Common Shares or preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, are being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment objectives and invest up to 100% of its net assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Fund intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt short-term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. Investment in taxable short-term investments would result in a portion of your dividends being subject to regular federal income tax, and if the proportion of taxable investments exceeded 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any quarter of any Fund taxable year, the Fund would not for that taxable year satisfy the general eligibility test that would otherwise permit it to pay exempt-interest dividends. For more information, see the SAI.
25
The Fund cannot change its investment objectives without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and VMTP Shares voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding VMTP Shares voting as a separate class. When used with respect to particular shares of the Fund, a majority of the outstanding shares Under the 1940 Act means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less. See Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights for additional information with respect to the voting rights of holders of preferred shares.
If you are, or as a result of investment in the Fund would become, subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for you because the Fund expects that a significant portion of its investments will pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax. Special rules apply to corporate holders. In addition, distributions of net capital gain will be taxable as long-term capital gains. See Tax Matters.
The Fund also may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts, or other derivative instruments. Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of hedging strategies may generate taxable income. As of October 31, 2016, the Fund was not invested in derivatives. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesDerivatives.
Portfolio Composition and Other Information
The Funds portfolio will be composed principally of the following investments. More detailed information about the Funds portfolio investments are contained under Portfolio Composition.
Municipal Securities
General. The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax. Municipal securities are often issued by state and local governmental entities to finance or refinance public projects such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long term basis to provide permanent financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments and mortgage payments. Municipal securities may also be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. The Fund may purchase municipal securities in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms including fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon, capital appreciation bonds, tender option bonds, and residual interest bonds or inverse floating rate securities; or acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. Inverse floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that vary inversely with changes in prevailing short-term tax-exempt interest rates and represent a leveraged investment in an underlying municipal security, which could have the economic effect of financial leverage.
Municipal securities are either general obligation or revenue bonds and typically are issued to finance public projects (such as roads or public buildings), to pay general operating expenses, or to refinance outstanding debt.
26
Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned industrial development and pollution control projects. General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit, or taxing authority, of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source; revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. The Fund may also purchase municipal securities that represent lease obligations, municipal notes, pre-refunded municipal securities, private activity bonds, tender option bonds and other related securities and derivative instruments that create exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities and that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax.
The municipal securities in which the Fund will invest are generally issued by states, cities and local authorities and certain possessions and territories of the United States (such as Puerto Rico and Guam), and pay interest that, in the opinion of bond counsel to the issuer (or on the basis of other authority believed by Nuveen Asset Management to be reliable), is exempt from regular federal income tax, although the interest may be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.
The yields on municipal securities depend on a variety of factors, including prevailing interest rates and the condition of the general money market and the municipal bond market, the size of a particular offering, the maturity of the obligation and the rating of the issue. The market value of municipal securities will vary with changes in interest rate levels and as a result of changing evaluations of the ability of their issuers to meet interest and principal payments.
A municipal securitys market value generally will depend upon its form, maturity, call features, and interest rate, as well as the credit quality of the issuer, all such factors examined in the context of the municipal securities market and interest rate levels and trends.
As of June 30, 2017, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.44 years. The Fund will generally invest in municipal securities with a weighted average maturity of 15-30 years, including the effects of leverage, but it may be shortened or lengthened, depending on market conditions and on an assessment by the Funds portfolio manager of which segments of the municipal securities market offer the most favorable relative investment values and opportunities for tax-exempt income and total return. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its yield, and the price of a five-year duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield. As of June 30, 2017, the average leverage-adjusted effective duration of the Funds portfolio was 10.93 years, which includes the effects of leverage and takes into account the effect of option call provisions of the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio.
Municipal Leases and Certificates of Participation. The Fund also may purchase municipal securities that represent lease obligations and certificates of participation in such leases. These carry special risks because the issuer of the securities may not be obligated to appropriate money annually to make payments under the lease. A municipal lease is an obligation in the form of a lease or installment purchase which is issued by a state or local government to acquire equipment and facilities. Income from such obligations is generally exempt from state and local taxes in the state of issuance. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory
27
requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event the issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the leased premises or utilizing the leased equipment or facilities. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and result in a delay in recovering, or the failure to recover fully, the Funds original investment. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. In order to reduce this risk, the Fund will only purchase municipal securities representing lease obligations where Nuveen Asset Management believes the issuer has a strong incentive to continue making appropriations until maturity.
A certificate of participation represents an undivided interest in an unmanaged pool of municipal leases, an installment purchase agreement or other instruments. The certificates are typically issued by a municipal agency, a trust or other entity that has received an assignment of the payments to be made by the state or political subdivision under such leases or installment purchase agreements. Such certificates provide the Fund with the right to a pro rata undivided interest in the underlying municipal securities. In addition, such participations generally provide the Fund with the right to demand payment, on not more than seven days notice, of all or any part of the Funds participation interest in the underlying municipal securities, plus accrued interest.
Municipal Notes. Municipal securities in the form of notes generally are used to provide for short-term capital needs, in anticipation of an issuers receipt of other revenues or financing, and typically have maturities of up to three years. Such instruments may include tax anticipation notes, revenue anticipation notes, bond anticipation notes, tax and revenue anticipation notes and construction loan notes. Tax anticipation notes are issued to finance the working capital needs of governments. Generally, they are issued in anticipation of various tax revenues, such as income, sales, property, use and business taxes, and are payable from these specific future taxes. Revenue anticipation notes are issued in expectation of receipt of other kinds of revenue, such as federal revenues available under federal revenue sharing programs. Bond anticipation notes are issued to provide interim financing until long- term bond financing can be arranged. In most cases, the long-term bonds then provide the funds needed for repayment of the bond anticipation notes. Tax and revenue anticipation notes combine the funding sources of both tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes. Construction loan notes are sold to provide construction financing. Mortgage notes insured by the Federal Housing Authority secure these notes; however, the proceeds from the insurance may be less than the economic equivalent of the payment of principal and interest on the mortgage note if there has been a default. The anticipated revenues from taxes, grants or bond financing generally secure the obligations of an issuer of municipal notes. An investment in such instruments, however, presents a risk that the anticipated revenues will not be received or that such revenues will be insufficient to satisfy the issuers payment obligations under the notes or that refinancing will be otherwise unavailable.
Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of and interest on pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities. However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer.
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Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. The Funds distributions of its interest income from private activity bonds may subject certain investors to the federal alternative minimum tax. See Tax Matters.
Inverse Floating Rate Securities
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities. Inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters) are securities whose interest rates bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security or the value of an index. Generally, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed by a third-party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. The special purpose trust typically sells two classes of beneficial interests or securities: floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as short-term floaters or tender option bonds) and inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters or residual interest securities). Both classes of beneficial interests are represented by certificates. The short-term floating rate securities have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the special purpose trust. Typically, a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, grants the floating rate security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees. The holder of the short-term floater effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term, tax-exempt rate. However, the institution granting the tender option will not be obligated to accept tendered short-term floaters in the event of certain defaults or a significant downgrade in the credit rating assigned to the bond issuer. For its inverse floating rate investment, the Fund receives the residual cash flow from the special purpose trust. Because the holder of the short-term floater is generally assured liquidity at the face value of the security, the Fund as the holder of the inverse floater assumes the interest rate cash flow risk and the market value risk associated with the municipal security deposited into the special purpose trust. The volatility of the interest cash flow and the residual market value will vary with the degree to which the trust is leveraged. This is expressed in the ratio of the total face value of the short-term floaters in relation to the value of the residual inverse floaters that are issued by the special purpose trust. The Fund expects to make limited investments in inverse floaters, with leverage ratios that may vary at inception between one and three times. In addition, all voting rights and decisions to be made with respect to any other rights relating to the municipal bonds held in the special purpose trust are passed through to the Fund, as the holder of the residual inverse floating rate securities.
Because increases in the interest rate on the short-term floaters reduce the residual interest paid on inverse floaters, and because fluctuations in the value of the municipal bond deposited in the special purpose trust affect the value of the inverse floater only, and not the value of the short-term floater issued by the trust, and because fluctuations in the value of the municipal bond deposited in the special purpose trust affect the value of the inverse floater only, and not the value of the short-term floater issued by the trust, inverse floaters value is generally more volatile than that of fixed rate bonds. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is generally more volatile than the underlying securities due to the leveraging effect of this ownership structure. These securities generally will underperform the market of fixed rate bonds in a rising interest rate environment (i.e., when bond values are falling), but tend to outperform the market of fixed rate bonds when interest rates decline or remain relatively stable. Although volatile, inverse floaters typically offer the potential for yields exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. Inverse floaters have varying degrees of liquidity based upon, among other things, the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities, issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and
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forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third-party sponsor of such inverse floater, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. Such agreements may expose the Fund to a risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. Absent a shortfall and forbearance agreement, the Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If the Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the special purpose trust could be liquidated and the Fund could incur a loss.
The Fund may invest in both inverse floating rate securities and floating rate securities (as discussed below) issued by the same special purpose trust.
The Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets with its custodian in accordance with the 1940 Act to cover its obligations with respect to its investments in special purpose trusts.
Investments in inverse floating rate securities create effective leverage. The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders. See Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk.
Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may also invest in floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts. Floating rate securities may take the form of short-term floating rate securities or the option period may be substantially longer. Generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal securities with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option, which may vary from weekly, to monthly, to extended periods of one year or multiple years. Since the option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying bond deposited in the trust, the Fund as the holder of the floating rate security relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the option as well as the credit strength of that institution. As further assurance of liquidity, the terms of the trust provide for a liquidation of the municipal security deposited in the trust and the application of the proceeds to pay off the floating rate security. The trusts that are organized to issue both short-term floating rate securities and inverse floaters generally include liquidation triggers to protect the investor in the floating rate security.
Special Taxing Districts. Special taxing districts are organized to plan and finance infrastructure developments to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bond financing methods such as tax increment finance, tax assessment, special services district and Mello-Roos bonds, are generally payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities. They often are exposed to real estate development-related risks and can have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if development failed to progress as anticipated or if larger taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the districts.
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Transactions. The Fund may buy and sell municipal securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, making payment or taking delivery at a later date, normally within 15 to 45 days of the trade date. This type of transaction may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the bonds prior to settlement and, because bonds are subject to market fluctuations, the value of the bonds at time of delivery may be less (or more) than cost. A separate account of the Fund will be established with its custodian consisting of cash, cash equivalents, or liquid securities having a market value at all times at least equal to the amount of the commitment.
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Zero Coupon Bonds
A zero coupon bond is a bond that typically does not pay interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the issuance of the obligation. When held to its maturity, the holder receives the par value of the zero coupon bond, which generates a return equal to the difference between the purchase price and its maturity value. A zero coupon bond is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. This original issue discount (OID) approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound prior to its maturity and reflects the payment deferral and credit risk associated with the instrument. Because zero coupon securities and other OID instruments do not pay cash interest at regular intervals, the instruments ongoing accruals require ongoing judgments concerning the collectability of deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. As a result, these securities may be subject to greater value fluctuations and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash on a current basis. Because zero coupon bonds, and OID instruments generally, allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments, they may involve greater payment deferral and credit risk than coupon loans and bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund generally will be required to distribute dividends to shareholders representing the income of these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive all of the income on a current basis or in cash. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments, including when it may not be advisable to do so, and use the cash proceeds to make income distributions to its shareholders. For accounting purposes, these cash distributions to shareholders will not be treated as a return of capital.
Further, NFALLC collects management fees on the value of a zero coupon bond or OID instrument attributable to the ongoing non-cash accrual of interest over the life of the bond or other instrument. As a result, NFALLC receives non-refundable cash payments based on such non-cash accruals while investors incur the risk that such non-cash accruals ultimately may not be realized.
Structured Notes
The Fund may utilize structured notes and similar instruments for investment purposes and also for hedging purposes. Structured notes are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an embedded index), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but not ordinarily below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending upon a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index or indices or other assets. Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. These types of investments may generate taxable income.
Derivatives
The Fund may invest in certain derivative instruments in pursuit of its investment objectives. Such instruments include financial futures contracts, swap contracts (including interest rate and credit default swaps), options on financial futures, options on swap contracts or other derivative instruments. The Fund may also use credit default swaps and interest rate swaps. Credit default swaps may require initial premium (discount) payments as well as periodic payments (receipts) related to the interest leg of the swap or to the default of a reference obligation. If the Fund is a seller of a contract, the Fund would be required to pay the par (or other agreed upon) value of a referenced debt obligation to the counterparty in the event of a default or other credit event by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or foreign corporate issuer, with respect to such debt obligations. In return, the Fund would receive from the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract
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provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Fund would keep the stream of payments and would have no payment obligations. As the seller, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If the Fund is a buyer of a contract, the Fund would have the right to deliver a referenced debt obligation and receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of such debt obligation from the counterparty in the event of a default or other credit event (such as a credit downgrade) by the reference issuer, such as a U.S. or foreign corporation, with respect to its debt obligations. In return, the Fund would pay the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the counterparty would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligations to the Fund. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with a counterparty of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed-rate payments for floating rate payments. The Fund will usually enter into interest rate swaps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. See Hedging Strategies and Other Uses of Derivatives and Segregation of Assets in the SAI.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may also limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in futures, options on futures and swaps. See Tax Matters.
NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income. The Fund will value derivative instruments at market/fair value for purposes of calculating compliance with the Funds 80% investment policy in investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal income tax.
There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that, if used, that the strategies will be successful.
Swap Transactions. The Fund may enter into total return, interest rate and credit default swap agreements and interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also enter into options on the foregoing types of swap agreements (swap options).
The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any purpose consistent with its investment objectives and strategies, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, as a duration management technique, to reduce risk arising from the ownership of a particular instrument, or to gain exposure to certain sectors or markets in the most economical way possible.
Swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined asset, reference rate or index. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, e.g., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. The notional amount of the swap agreement generally is only used as a basis upon which to calculate the obligations that the parties to the swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The Funds current obligations under a net swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by assets determined to be liquid by Nuveen Asset Management. See Segregation of Assets below.
Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors. Interest rate swaps are bilateral contracts in which each party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on different referenced interest rates (e.g., a fixed rate and a floating rate) applied to a specified notional amount. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive
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payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index rises above a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing a floor or vice versa to protect the Fund against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
The use of interest rate transactions, such as interest rate swaps and caps, is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the Funds use of interest rate swaps or caps could enhance or harm the overall performance of the Funds common shares. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net asset value of the common shares. In addition, if short-term interest rates are lower than the Funds fixed rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will reduce common share net earnings. If, on the other hand, short-term interest rates are higher than the fixed rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will enhance common share net earnings. Buying interest rate caps could enhance the performance of the common shares by providing a maximum leverage expense. Buying interest rate caps could also decrease the net earnings of the common shares in the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the additional amount such Fund would have been required to pay had it not entered into the cap agreement.
Total Return Swaps. In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. A total return swap may be applied to any underlying asset but is most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined baskets of loans and mortgages. The Fund might enter into a total return swap involving an underlying index or basket of securities to create exposure to a potentially widely diversified range of securities in a single trade. An index total return swap can be used by the portfolio managers to assume risk, without the complications of buying the component securities from what may not always be the most liquid of markets. In connection with the Funds position in a swap contract, the Fund will segregate liquid assets or will otherwise cover its position in accordance with applicable SEC requirements. See Segregation of Assets below.
Credit Default Swaps. A credit default swap is a bilateral contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a defined-issuer credit event. The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements either as a buyer or a seller. The Fund may buy protection to attempt to mitigate the risk of default or credit quality deterioration in an individual security or a segment of the fixed income securities market to which it has exposure, or to take a short position in individual bonds or market segments which it does not own. The Fund may sell protection in an attempt to gain exposure to the credit quality characteristics of particular bonds or market segments without investing directly in those bonds or market segments. As the buyer of protection in a credit default swap, the Fund would pay a premium (by means of an upfront payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement) in return for the right to deliver a referenced bond or group of bonds to the protection seller and receive the full notional or par value (or other agreed upon value) upon a default (or similar event) by the issuer(s) of the underlying referenced obligation(s). If no default occurs, the protection seller would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligation to the Fund. Thus, the cost to the Fund would be the premium paid with respect to the agreement. If a credit event occurs, however, the Fund may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. The Fund bears the risk that the protection seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations.
If the Fund is a seller of protection in a credit default swap and no credit event occurs, the Fund would generally receive an up-front payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap. If a credit event occurs, however, generally the Fund would have to pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As the protection seller, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition
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to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Thus, the Fund bears the same risk as it would by buying the reference obligations directly, plus the additional risks related to obtaining investment exposure through a derivative instrument discussed below under Risks Associated with Swap Transactions.
Swap Options. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation), in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund generally would incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than when it purchases a swap option. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund would become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Risks Associated with Swap Transactions. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity which involves strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. If NFALLC and/or Nuveen Asset Management is incorrect in its forecasts of default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors or events, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. As the protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The Fund generally may only close out a swap, cap, floor, collar or other two-party contract with its particular counterparty, and generally may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. In addition, the price at which the Fund may close out such a two party contract may not correlate with the price change in the underlying reference asset. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will succeed in enforcing its rights. It also is possible that developments in the derivatives market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap or other agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Futures and Options on Futures Generally. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security, index or interest rate (each a financial instrument) for a set price on a future date. Certain futures contracts, such as futures contracts relating to individual securities, call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument. However, these contracts generally are closed out before delivery by entering into an offsetting purchase or sale of a matching futures contract (same exchange, underlying financial instrument, and delivery month). Other futures contracts, such as futures contracts on interest rates and indices, do not call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument, but rather are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the financial instrument at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the contract was originally written. These contracts also may be settled by entering into an offsetting futures contract.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), an amount of cash or securities equal to a varying specified percentage of the contract amount. This amount is known as initial margin. The margin deposit is intended to ensure completion of the contract. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the futures exchanges and may be revised. In addition, FCMs may establish margin deposit requirements that are higher than the exchange minimums. Cash held in the margin account generally is not income producing. However, couponbearing securities, such as Treasury securities, held in margin accounts generally will earn income.
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Subsequent payments to and from the FCM, called variation margin, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying financial instrument fluctuates, making the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking the contract to market. Changes in variation margin are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate its position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a gain or loss. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be entitled to the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCMs other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund. Futures transactions also involve brokerage costs and the Fund may have to segregate additional liquid assets in accordance with applicable SEC requirements. See Segregation of Assets below.
A futures option gives the purchaser of such option the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the purchaser acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. Upon the exercise of a put option, the opposite is true.
Segregation of Assets
As a closed-end investment company registered with the SEC, the Fund is subject to the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and various interpretive positions of the SEC and its staff. In accordance with these laws, rules and positions, the Fund must set aside (often referred to as asset segregation) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC or staff-approved measures, to cover open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivatives instruments. In the case of forward currency contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, for example, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to such contracts full notional value while the positions are open. With respect to forward currency contracts that are contractually required to cash settle, however, the Fund is permitted to set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Funds daily net liability) under the contracts, if any, rather than such contracts full notional value. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation.
To the extent that the Fund uses its assets to cover its obligations as required by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and applicable positions of the SEC and its staff, such assets may not be used for other operational purposes. NFALLC and/or Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the Funds use of derivatives and will take action as necessary for the purpose of complying with the asset segregation policy stated above. Such actions may include the sale of the Funds portfolio investments.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts. With respect to such investments, the Fund will segregate or earmark assets in an amount equal to at least 100% of the face amount of the floating rate securities issued by such trusts.
Other Investment Companies
The Fund may invest in securities of other open- or closed-end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. In addition, the Fund may invest a portion of its Managed Assets in pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. The Fund generally expects that it may invest in other investment companies and/or other pooled investment vehicles either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of the offering of its Common Shares or borrowings, or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive, high-yielding municipal securities available in the market. The
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Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by the NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management or their respective affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC. The Fund has not applied for and currently does not intend to apply for such relief. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses, and would remain subject to payment of the Funds advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Common shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies.
Nuveen Asset Management will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal security investments. In addition, because the securities of other investment companies may be leveraged, the Fund may indirectly be subject to those risks and magnify the Funds leverage risk. As described in the section entitled Risk Factors, the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to Common Shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares. These types of investments may generate taxable income. See Risk FactorsOther Investment Companies Risk.
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of achieving the Funds investment objectives. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is generally not expected to exceed 25% under normal circumstances. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 11%. However, there are no limits on the Funds rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, investment considerations warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate would result in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. Although these commissions and expenses are not reflected in the Funds Total Annual Expenses disclosed in this Prospectus, they will be reflected in the Funds total return. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. See Tax Matters.
As of October 31, 2016, the credit quality (as a percentage of total investment exposure) of the Funds portfolio is set forth in the table below.
Credit Rating(1) |
Percent |
|||
AAA/U.S. Guaranteed |
10.7 | % | ||
AA |
19.8 | % | ||
A |
13.9 | % | ||
BBB |
8.7 | % | ||
BB or Lower |
19.7 | % | ||
N/R (not rated) |
26.4 | % | ||
N/A (not applicable) |
0.8 | % |
(1) | Using the lower of S&Ps, Moodys or Fitchs rating, if available. |
The Fund uses leverage to seek to enhance total returns. Currently, the Fund employs financial leverage through its outstanding VMTP Shares, which have seniority over the Common Shares. The Fund currently also invests in residual interest certificates of tender option bond trusts, also called inverse floating rate securities, that have the economic effect of leverage because the Funds investment exposure to the underlying bonds held by
36
the trust have been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate certificates. See Inverse Floating Rate Securities and Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities. The combined economic effect of the total leverage used by the Fund is referred to herein as effective leverage.
As of June 30, 2017, the liquidation value of the VMTP Shares outstanding and the annual dividend rate on the VMTP Shares were $87 million and 1.81% respectively. As of June 30, 2017, the Funds effective leverage was approximately 35% of its Managed Assets.
The Fund, along with certain other funds managed by NFALLC (the Participating Funds), also established a 364-day, approximately $3 billion standby credit facility with a group of lenders, under which the Participating Funds may borrow for various purposes other than leveraging for investment purposes. A large portion of this facilitys capacity is currently dedicated for use by a small number of Participating Funds, which does not include the Fund. The remaining capacity under the facility (and the corresponding portion of the facilitys annual costs) is separately dedicated to most of the other open-end funds in the Nuveen fund family, along with a number of Nuveen closed-end funds, including the Fund. The credit facility expires in July 2018 unless extended or renewed.
The timing and terms of any leverage transactions is determined by the Funds Board. The Fund will seek to invest the proceeds from financial leverage in a manner consistent with the Funds objectives and policies. Leverage involves special risks. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk. There is no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategy will be successful.
Following an offering of additional Common Shares from time to time, the Funds leverage ratio will decrease as a result of the increase in net assets attributable to Common Shares. A lower leverage ratio may result in either lower (or higher) returns to Common Shareholders over a period of time to the extent that net returns on the Funds investment portfolio exceed (or fall below) its cost of leverage over that period. Any change in returns may impact the level of the Funds distributions.
The Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities pay dividends at rates based on short-term periods, which are reset periodically. So long as the Funds portfolio is invested in securities that provide a higher rate of return than the Funds cost of leverage (after taking expenses into consideration), the leverage will cause you to receive a higher current rate of return than if the Fund were not leveraged.
Changes in the value of the Funds bond portfolio, including costs attributable to preferred shares will be borne entirely by the Common Shareholders. If there is a net decrease (or increase) in the value of the Funds investment portfolio, the leverage will decrease (or increase) the net asset value per Common Share to a greater extent than if the Fund were not leveraged.
The Fund pays NFALLC (which in turn pays a portion of its fees to Nuveen Asset Management) a management fee based on a percentage of Managed Assets. Managed Assets for this purpose includes the proceeds realized from the Funds use of financial leverage. See Management of the FundInvestment Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements. Because Managed Assets include the Funds net assets as well as assets that are attributable to the Funds use of leverage, it is anticipated that the Funds Managed Assets will be greater than its net assets. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management base their decision on whether and how much to leverage the Fund solely on their assessment of whether use of such leverage will advance the Funds investment objectives. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management are responsible for using leverage to achieve the Funds investment objectives. However, the fact that a decision to increase the Funds leverage will have the effect of increasing Managed Assets and therefore NFALLCs management fee, as well as the portion payable to Nuveen Asset Management, means that NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may have an incentive to increase the Funds use of leverage. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management will seek to manage that incentive by only increasing the Funds use of leverage when they determine that such increase is in the Funds best interests and consistent with the Funds investment objectives, and by periodically reviewing the Funds performance and use of leverage with the Funds Board.
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For tax purposes, the Fund is currently required to allocate net capital gain and other taxable income, if any, between the Common Shares and preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, in proportion to total dividends paid to each class for the year in which the net capital gain or other taxable income is realized. If net capital gain or other taxable income is allocated to preferred shares (instead of solely tax-exempt income), the Fund will likely have to pay higher total dividends to preferred shareholders or make special payments to preferred shareholders to compensate them for the increased tax liability. This would reduce the total amount of dividends paid to the Common Shareholders.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred shares unless immediately after such issuance, the value of the Funds asset coverage is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (i.e., such liquidation value may not exceed 50% of the Funds asset coverage). In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless, at the time of such declaration, the value of the Funds asset coverage less liabilities other than borrowings is at least 200% of such liquidation value. The Fund intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, from time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain coverage of any preferred shares of at least 200%. When the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Funds trustees will be elected by the holders of preferred shares, voting separately as a class. The remaining trustees of the Fund are elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares voting together as a single class. In the event the Fund fails to pay dividends on preferred shares on for two years, preferred shareholders would be entitled to elect a majority of the trustees of the Fund.
The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions imposed by either guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for preferred shares. These guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or guidelines will impede NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management from managing the Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies. In addition to other considerations, to the extent that the Fund believes that the covenants and guidelines required by the rating agencies or lenders would impede its ability to meet its investment objective, or if the Fund is unable to obtain the rating on preferred shares, the Fund will not issue preferred shares, including additional VMTP Shares.
Assuming the utilization of leverage through the combination of preferred shares and tender option bond floaters in the aggregate amount of approximately 35% of the Funds Managed Assets, at an aggregate cost of leverage of 2.10%, the income generated by the Funds portfolio (net of non-leverage expenses) must exceed 0.735% in order to cover such costs of leverage. Of course, these numbers are merely estimates, used for illustration. Actual costs of leverage may vary frequently and may be significantly higher or lower than the rate estimated above.
The Fund may borrow money for repurchase of its shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which otherwise might require untimely dispositions of Fund securities.
The following table is furnished in response to requirements of the SEC. It is designed to illustrate the effect of leverage on Common Share total return, assuming investment portfolio total returns (comprised of income and changes in the value of bonds held in the Funds portfolio net of expenses) at the assumed portfolio total return rates provided in the table. These assumed investment portfolio returns are hypothetical figures and are not necessarily indicative of the investment portfolio returns expected to be experienced by the Fund. The table further reflects the use of leverage through the combination of preferred shares and tender option bond floaters representing 35% of the Funds Managed Assets as well as an estimated aggregate cost of 2.10% on the Funds leverage. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk and Use of Leverage.
Assumed Portfolio Total Return |
-10% | -5% | 0% | 5% | 10% | |||||||||||||||
Common Shares Total Return |
-16.52% | -8.82% | -1.13% | 6.56% | 14.25% |
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Common Share total return is composed of two elementsthe Common Share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely determined by the net investment income of the Fund after paying dividends on VMTP Shares and other expenses associated with outstanding VMTP Shares) and gains or losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required by SEC rules, the table assumes that the Fund is more likely to suffer capital losses than capital appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume that the tax-exempt interest it receives on its municipal securities investments is entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.
Risk is inherent in all investing. Investing in any investment company security involves risk, including the risk that you may receive little or no return on your investment or even that you may lose part or all of your investment. Therefore, before investing you should consider carefully the following risks that you assume when you invest in Common Shares.
Investment and Market Risk
An investment in the Funds Common Shares is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount that you invest. Your investment in Common Shares represents an indirect investment in the municipal securities owned by the Fund, which generally trade in the over-the-counter markets. Your Common Shares at any point in time may be worth less than your original investment, even after taking into account the reinvestment of Fund dividends and distributions. In addition, if the current national economic downturn deteriorates into a prolonged recession, the ability of municipalities to collect revenue and service their obligations could be materially and adversely affected.
Recent Market Circumstances
The financial crisis in the U.S. and global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, has resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign. Liquidity in some markets has decreased and credit has become scarcer worldwide. Recent regulatory changes, including the Dodd-Frank Act and the introduction of new international capital and liquidity requirements under Basel III, may cause lending activity within the financial services sector to be constrained for several years as Basel III rules phase in and rules and regulations are promulgated and interpreted under the Dodd-Frank Act. These market conditions may continue or deteriorate further and may add significantly to the risk of short-term volatility in the Fund. In response to the crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. Withdrawal of this support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. Because the situation is widespread and largely unprecedented, it may be unusually difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations. Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities.
Since 2010, the risks of investing in certain foreign government debt have increased dramatically as a result of the ongoing European debt crisis, which began in Greece and has spread to varying degrees throughout various other European countries. These debt crises and the ongoing efforts of governments around the world to address these debt crises have also resulted in increased volatility and uncertainty in the global securities markets and it is impossible to predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the Fund, though it is possible that these or similar events could have a significant adverse impact on the value and risk profile of the Fund.
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In the United States, on August 5, 2011, S&P lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the U.S. federal government debt to AA+ from AAA. Any additional downgrade by S&P, or any other rating agency, could increase volatility in both stock and bond markets, result in higher interest rates and higher Treasury yields and increase the costs of all kinds of debt.
Global economies and financial markets are also becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. For example, during the summer of 2015, stock markets in China suffered a significant downturn, which continues to persist, and is expected to continue to slow economic growth in China. The slowdown in the Chinese economy could negatively affect the countrys major trading partners and could, in turn, widely affect the global financial markets. State involvement in the Chinese economy and stock markets is such that it may be difficult to predict or gauge the extent or duration of the slowdown.
In addition, in a referendum held on June 23, 2016, citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU, creating economic and political uncertainty in its wake. The countrys departure from the EU (known as Brexit) sparked depreciation in the value of the British pound, short-term declines in the stock markets and heightened risk of continued economic volatility worldwide.
As a consequence of the United Kingdoms vote to withdraw from the EU, the government of the United Kingdom has, pursuant to the Treaty, given notice of its withdrawal and the period for entering into negotiations with the EU Council to agree to terms for the United Kingdoms withdrawal from the EU has commenced. The Treaty provides for a two-year negotiation period, which may be shortened or extended by agreement of the parties. However, there is still considerable uncertainty relating to the potential consequences and precise timeframe for the exit, how the negotiations for the withdrawal and new trade agreements will be conducted, and whether the United Kingdoms exit will increase the likelihood of other countries also departing the EU. During this period of uncertainty, the negative impact on not only the United Kingdom and European economies, but the broader global economy, could be significant, potentially resulting in increased volatility and illiquidity and lower economic growth for companies that rely significantly on Europe for their business activities and revenues. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of such exits, would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties.
The impact of these developments in the near- and long-term is unknown and could have additional adverse effects on economies, financial markets and asset valuations around the world.
Market Disruption and Geopolitical Risk
The aftermath of the war in Iraq, instability in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Russia, Ukraine and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States and around the world, growing social and political discord in the United States, the European debt crisis, the response of the international communitythrough economic sanctions and otherwiseto Russias recent annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine and posture vis-a-vis Ukraine, further downgrade of U.S. Government securities and other similar events, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. The Fund does not know and cannot predict how long the securities markets may be affected by these events and the effects of these and similar events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets. The Fund may be adversely affected by abrogation of international agreements and national laws which have created the market instruments in which the Fund may invest, failure of the designated national and international authorities to enforce compliance with the same laws and agreements, failure of local, national and international organization to carry out their duties prescribed to them under the relevant agreements, revisions of these laws and agreements which dilute their effectiveness or conflicting interpretation of provisions of the same laws and agreements. The Fund may be adversely affected by uncertainties such as terrorism, international political developments, and changes in government policies, taxation, restrictions on foreign investment and currency repatriation, currency fluctuations and other developments in the laws and regulations of the countries in which it is invested.
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Legislation and Regulatory Risk
At any time after the date of this Prospectus, legislation or additional regulations may be enacted that could negatively affect the assets of the Fund, securities held by the Fund or the issuers of such securities. Changing approaches to regulation may have a negative impact on the entities and/or securities in which the Fund invests. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. Fund shareholders may incur increased costs resulting from such legislation or additional regulation. There can be no assurance that future legislation, regulation or deregulation will not have a material adverse effect on the Fund or will not impair the ability of the Fund to achieve its investment objectives.
For example, the Dodd-Frank Act is designed to impose stringent regulation on the over-the-counter derivatives market in an attempt to increase transparency and accountability and provides for, among other things, new clearing, execution, margin, reporting, recordkeeping, business conduct, disclosure, position limit, minimum net capital and registration requirements. Although the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) has released final rules under the Dodd- Frank Act, many of the provisions are subject to further final rulemaking, and thus the Dodd-Frank Acts ultimate impact remains unclear.
The SEC has proposed rules governing the use of derivatives by registered investment companies, which could affect the nature and extent of derivatives use by the Fund. The proposed rules have not yet been adopted and therefore the full impact of such rules is uncertain at this time. It is possible that such rules, if adopted, could limit the implementation of the Funds use of derivatives, which could have an adverse effect on the Fund.
Additionally, the Fund is operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion, granted to operators of registered investment companies like the Fund, from registration as a commodity pool operator under Rule 4.5 promulgated by the CFTC pursuant to its authority under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator. As a result, the Fund is limited in its ability to use commodity futures (which include futures on broad-based securities indexes and interest rate futures) or options on commodity futures, engage in swaps transactions or make certain other investments (whether directly or indirectly through investments in other investment vehicles) for purposes other than bona fide hedging. With respect to transactions other than for bona fide hedging purposes, either: (1) the aggregate initial margin and premiums required to establish the Funds positions in such investments may not exceed 5% of the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such investments); or (2) the aggregate net notional value of such instruments, determined at the time the most recent position was established, may not exceed 100% of the liquidation value of the Funds portfolio (after accounting for unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such positions). In addition to meeting one of the foregoing trading limitations, the Fund may not market itself as a commodity pool or otherwise as a vehicle for trading in the futures, options or swaps markets. If the Fund does not continue to claim the exclusion, it would likely become subject to registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator. The Fund may incur additional expenses as a result of the CFTCs registration and regulatory requirements.
Market Discount from Net Asset Value
Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and have during other periods traded at prices lower than net asset value. The Fund cannot predict whether Common Shares will trade at, above or below net asset value. This characteristic is a risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds net asset value could decrease as a result of investment activities. Investors bear a risk of loss to the extent that the price at which they sell their shares is lower in relation to the Funds net asset value than at the time of purchase, assuming a stable net asset value. Proceeds from the sale of Common Shares in this offering will be reduced by transaction costs (if applicable, which vary depending on the offering method used). Depending on the premium of Common Shares at the time of any offering of Common Shares hereunder, the Funds net asset value may be reduced by an amount up to the offering costs borne by the Fund (estimated to be an additional 0.10% of the offering price assuming a Common
41
Share offering price of $13.66 (the Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017)). The net asset value per Common Share will be reduced by costs associated with any future offerings of Common or preferred shares. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and you should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
Economic and Political Events Risk
The Fund may be more sensitive to adverse economic, business or political developments if it invests a substantial portion of its assets in the bonds of similar projects (such as those relating to the education, health care, housing, transportation, or utilities industries), industrial development bonds, or in particular types of municipal securities (such as general obligation bonds, private activity bonds or moral obligation bonds). Such developments may adversely affect a specific industry or local political and economic conditions, and thus may lead to declines in the bonds creditworthiness and value.
Impact of Offering Methods Risk
The issuance of Common Shares through the various methods described in this Prospectus may have an adverse effect on prices in the secondary market for the Funds Common Shares by increasing the number of Common Shares available for sale. In addition, the Common Shares may be issued at a discount to the market price for such shares, which may put downward pressure on the market price for Common Shares of the Fund.
Potential Conflicts of Interest Risk
NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management each provide a wide array of portfolio management and other asset management services to a mix of clients and may engage in ordinary course activities in which their respective interests or those of their clients may compete or conflict with those of the Fund. For example, NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may provide investment management services to other funds and accounts that follow investment objectives similar to those of the Fund. In certain circumstances, and subject to its fiduciary obligations under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Nuveen Asset Management may have to allocate a limited investment opportunity among its clients, which include closed-end funds, open-end funds and other commingled funds. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management have each adopted policies and procedures designed to address such situations and other potential conflicts of interests.
Cybersecurity Risk
Technology, such as the internet, has become more prevalent in the course of business, and as such, the Fund and its service providers are susceptible to operational and information security risk resulting from cyber incidents. Cyber incidents refer to both intentional attacks and unintentional events including: processing errors, human errors, technical errors including computer glitches and system malfunctions, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, market-wide technical-related disruptions, unauthorized access to digital systems (through hacking or malicious software coding), computer viruses, and cyber-attacks which shut down, disable, slow or otherwise disrupt operations, business processes or website access or functionality (including denial of service attacks). Cyber incidents could adversely impact the Fund and cause the Fund to incur financial loss and expense, as well as face exposure to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and additional compliance costs associated with corrective measures. Cyber incidents may cause the Fund or its service providers to lose proprietary information, suffer data corruption, lose operational capacity or fail to comply with applicable privacy and other laws. Among other potentially harmful effects, cyber incidents also may result in theft, unauthorized monitoring and failures in the physical infrastructure or operating systems that support the Fund and its service providers. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cyber incidents in the future. While the Funds service providers have established business continuity plans in the event of, and risk management systems to prevent, such cyber incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and systems including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cybersecurity plans and systems put in place by its service providers or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund.
42
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that one or more municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in price, or the issuer thereof will fail to pay interest or principal when due, because the issuer of the security experiences a decline in its financial status. In general, lower-rated municipal securities carry a greater degree of risk that the issuer will lose its ability to make interest and principal payments, which could have a negative impact on the Funds net asset value or dividends. Credit risk is increased when a portfolio security is downgraded or the perceived creditworthiness of the issuer deteriorates. If a municipal security satisfies the rating requirements described above at the time of investment and is subsequently downgraded below that rating, the Fund will not be required to dispose of the security. If a downgrade occurs, Nuveen Asset Management will consider what action, including the sale of the security, is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. This means that the Fund may invest in municipal securities that are involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or are experiencing other financial difficulties at the time of acquisition (such securities are commonly referred to as distressed securities).
Below Investment Grade Risk
Municipal securities of below investment grade quality, commonly referred to as junk bonds, are regarded as having predominately speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due, and are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to adverse economic and business developments. Also, to the extent that the rating assigned to a municipal security in the Funds portfolio is downgraded by any NRSRO, the market price and liquidity of such security may be adversely affected. The market values for municipal securities of below investment grade quality tend to be volatile, and these securities are less liquid than investment grade municipal securities. For these reasons, an investment in the Fund, compared with a portfolio consisting solely of investment grade securities, may experience the following:
| increased price sensitivity resulting from changing interest rates and/or a deteriorating economic environment; |
| greater risk of loss due to default or declining credit quality; |
| adverse issuer specific events that are more likely to render the issuer unable to make interest and/or principal payments; and |
| the possibility that a negative perception of the below investment grade market develops, resulting in the price and liquidity of below investment grade securities becoming depressed, and this negative perception could last for a significant period of time. |
Adverse changes in economic conditions are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of a below investment grade issuer to make principal payments and interest payments compared to an investment grade issuer. The principal amount of below investment grade securities outstanding has proliferated in the past decade as an increasing number of issuers have used below investment grade securities for financing. The current downturn may severely affect the ability of highly leveraged issuers to service their debt obligations or to repay their obligations upon maturity. As the national economy experiences the current economic downturn, resulting in decreased tax and other revenue streams of municipal issuers, or in the event interest rates rise sharply, increasing the interest cost on variable rate instruments and negatively impacting economic activity, the number of defaults by below investment grade municipal issuers is likely to increase. Similarly, downturns in profitability in specific industries could adversely affect private activity bonds. The market values of lower quality debt securities tend to reflect individual developments of the issuer to a greater extent than do higher quality securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Factors having an adverse impact on the market value of lower quality securities may have an adverse impact on the Funds net asset value and the market value of its Common Shares. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses to the extent it is required to seek recovery upon a default in payment of principal or interest on its portfolio holdings. In certain circumstances, the Fund may be required to foreclose on an issuers assets and take
43
possession of its property or operations. In such circumstances, the Fund would incur additional costs in disposing of such assets and potential liabilities from operating any business acquired.
The secondary market for below investment grade securities may not be as liquid as the secondary market for more highly rated securities, a factor that may have an adverse effect on the Funds ability to dispose of a particular security. There are fewer dealers in the market for below investment grade municipal securities than the market for investment grade municipal securities. The prices quoted by different dealers for below investment grade municipal securities may vary significantly, and the spread between the bid and ask price is generally much larger for below investment grade municipal securities than for higher quality instruments. Under adverse market or economic conditions, the secondary market for below investment grade securities could contract further, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer, and these instruments may become illiquid. As a result, the Fund could find it more difficult to sell these securities or may be able to sell the securities only at prices lower than if such securities were widely traded. Prices realized upon the sale of such lower rated or unrated securities, under these circumstances, may be less than the prices used in calculating the Funds net asset value.
Issuers of below investment grade securities are highly leveraged and may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing. Therefore, the risk associated with acquiring the securities of such issuers generally is greater than is the case with higher rated securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers of below investment grade securities may experience financial stress. During such periods, such issuers may not have sufficient revenues to meet their interest payment obligations. The issuers ability to service its debt obligations also may be adversely affected by specific developments, the issuers inability to meet specific projected forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing. The risk of loss from default by the issuer is significantly greater for the holders of below investment grade securities because such securities are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. Prices and yields of below investment grade securities will fluctuate over time and, during periods of economic uncertainty, volatility of below investment grade securities may adversely affect the Funds net asset value. In addition, investments in below investment grade zero coupon bonds rather than income-bearing below investment grade securities, may be more speculative and may be subject to greater fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates.
The Fund may invest in distressed securities, which are securities issued by companies that are involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or are experiencing other financial difficulties at the time of acquisition by the Fund. The issuers of such securities may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. These characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate, economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Distressed securities frequently do not produce income while they are outstanding and may require the Fund to bear certain extraordinary expenses in order to protect and recover its investment. To the extent the Fund may invest in distressed securities, it may do so without regard to such securitys ratings. Accordingly, the Fund may invest in the securities of an issuer which, at the time of investment, is in default on its obligations to pay principal or interest thereon when due or that is involved in a bankruptcy proceeding.
Investments in lower rated or unrated securities may present special tax issues for the Fund to the extent that the issuers of these securities default on their obligations pertaining thereto, and the federal income tax consequences to the Fund as a holder of such distressed securities may not be clear.
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Interest Rate Risk
Generally, when market interest rates rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa. Interest rate risk is the risk that the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio will decline in value because of increases in market interest rates. As interest rates decline, issuers of municipal securities may prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing the Fund to reinvest in lower-yielding securities and potentially reducing the Funds income. As interest rates increase, slower than expected principal payments may extend the average life of securities, potentially locking in a below-market interest rate and reducing the Funds value. In typical market interest rate environments, the prices of longer-term municipal securities generally fluctuate more than prices of shorter-term municipal securities as interest rates change. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features, in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration.
Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. For example, the price of a bond with an effective duration of two years will rise (fall) two percent for every one percent decrease (increase) in its yield, and the price of a five-year duration bond will rise (fall) five percent for a one percent decrease (increase) in its yield.
Yield curve risk is associated with either a flattening or steepening of the yield curve, which is a result of changing yields among comparable bonds with different maturities. When market interest rates, or yields, increase, the price of a bond will decrease and vice versa. When the yield curve shifts, the price of the bond, which was initially priced based on the initial yield curve, will change in price. If the yield curve flattens, then the yield spread between long- and short-term interest rates narrows, and the price of the bond will change accordingly. If the bond is short-term and the yield decreases, the price of this bond will increase. If the yield curve steepens, this means that the spread between long- and short-term interest rates increases. Therefore, long-term bond prices, like the ones held by the Fund, will decrease relative to short-term bonds. Changes in the yield curve are based on bond risk premiums and expectations of future interest rates.
Because the Fund will invest primarily in longer-term municipal securities, the Common Share net asset value and market price per share will fluctuate more in response to changes in market interest rates than if the Fund invested primarily in shorter-term municipal securities. Because the values of lower-rated and comparable unrated debt securities are affected both by credit risk and interest rate risk, the price movements of such lower grade securities typically have not been highly correlated to the fluctuations of the prices of investment grade quality securities in response to changes in market interest rates. The Funds use of leverage, as described herein, will tend to increase Common Share interest rate risk.
Municipal Securities Market Risk
Investing in the municipal securities market involves certain risks. The municipal market is one in which dealer firms make markets in bonds on a principal basis using their proprietary capital, and during the recent market turmoil these firms capital was severely constrained. As a result, some firms were unwilling to commit their capital to purchase and to serve as a dealer for municipal bonds. The amount of public information available about the municipal securities in the Funds portfolio is generally less than that for corporate equities or bonds, and the investment performance of the Fund may therefore be more dependent on the analytical abilities of Nuveen Asset Management than if the Fund were a stock fund or taxable bond fund. The secondary market for municipal securities, particularly the below investment grade bonds in which the Fund may invest, also tends to be less well-developed or liquid than many other securities markets, which may adversely affect the Funds ability to sell its municipal securities at attractive prices or at prices approximating those at which the Fund currently values them.
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The ability of municipal issuers to make timely payments of interest and principal may be diminished during general economic downturns and as governmental cost burdens are reallocated among federal, state and local governments. In addition, laws enacted in the future by Congress or state legislatures or referenda could extend the time for payment of principal and/or interest, or impose other constraints on enforcement of such obligations, or on the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. Issuers of municipal securities might seek protection under the bankruptcy laws. In the event of bankruptcy of such an issuer, the Fund could experience delays in collecting principal and interest and the Fund may not, in all circumstances, be able to collect all principal and interest to which it is entitled. To enforce its rights in the event of a default in the payment of interest or repayment of principal, or both, the Fund may take possession of and manage the assets securing the issuers obligations on such securities, which may increase the Funds operating expenses. Any income derived from the Funds ownership or operation of such assets may not be tax-exempt.
Reinvestment Risk
Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called bonds at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the Common Shares market price or their overall returns.
Leverage Risk
Leverage risk is the risk associated with the use of the Funds outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, use of tender option bonds to leverage the Common Shares or borrowings, if any. There can be no assurance that the Funds leveraging strategy will be successful. Because the long-term municipal securities in which the Fund invests generally pay fixed rates of interest while the Funds costs of leverage generally fluctuate with short- to intermediate-term yields, the incremental earnings from leverage will vary over time. However, the Fund may use derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, to fix the effective rate paid on all or a portion of the Funds leverage in an effort to lower leverage costs over an extended period. Accordingly, the Fund cannot assure you that the use of leverage will result in a higher yield or return to Common Shareholders. The income benefit from leverage will be reduced to the extent that the difference narrows between the net earnings on the Funds portfolio securities and its cost of leverage. The income benefit from leverage will increase to the extent that the difference widens between the net earnings on the Funds portfolio securities and its cost of leverage. If short- or intermediate-term rates rise, the Funds cost of leverage could exceed the fixed rate of return on longer-term bonds held by the Fund that were acquired during periods of lower interest rates, reducing returns to Common Shareholders. This could occur even if short- or intermediate-term and long-term municipal rates rise. Because of the costs of leverage, the Fund may incur losses even if the Fund has positive returns, if they are not sufficient to cover the costs of leverage. The Funds cost of leverage includes the dividends paid on VMTP Shares, the expenses relating to the issuance and ongoing maintenance of any borrowings, and/or the interest attributable to tender option bonds as well as any one-time costs (e.g., issuance costs) and ongoing fees and expenses associated with such leverage.
The risk of loss attributable to the Funds use of leverage is borne by Common Shareholders. The Funds use of financial leverage can result in a greater decrease in net asset values in declining markets. The Funds use of financial leverage similarly can magnify the impact of changing market conditions on Common Share market prices. See Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk. Furthermore, the amount of fees paid to NFALLC (which in turn pays a portion of its fees to Nuveen Asset Management) for investment advisory services will be higher if the Fund uses leverage because the fees will be calculated based on the Funds Managed Assetsthis may create an incentive for NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management to leverage the Fund. The Fund is required to maintain certain regulatory and rating agency asset coverage requirements in connection with its use of leverage, in order to be able to maintain the ability to declare and pay Common Share distributions. An NRSRO could downgrade its ratings on the Funds outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares. A ratings downgrade of the Funds preferred shares may result in higher dividend rates and may also force the redemption of such preferred shares at what might be an inopportune time in the market. These factors may result in reduced net earnings or returns to Common Shareholders.
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In order to maintain required asset coverage levels, the Fund may be required to alter the composition of its investment portfolio or take other actions, such as redeeming preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, or prepaying borrowings with the proceeds from portfolio transactions, at what might be an inopportune time in the market. Such actions could reduce the net earnings or returns to Common Shareholders over time. NRSRO ratings of the Funds outstanding preferred shares neither eliminate nor mitigate the risks of investing in Common Shares.
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies, which may themselves be leveraged and therefore present similar risks to those described above.
Inverse Floating Rate Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities. Typically, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust (sometimes called a tender option bond trust) formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. See The Funds InvestmentsMunicipal SecuritiesInverse Floating Rate Securities. In general, income on inverse floating rate securities will decrease when interest rates increase and increase when interest rates decrease. Investments in inverse floating rate securities may subject the Fund to the risks of reduced or eliminated interest payments and losses of principal.
The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third party sponsor of the trust, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. In such instances, the Fund may be at risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities.
Inverse floating rate securities may increase or decrease in value at a greater rate than the underlying interest rate, which effectively leverages the Funds investment. As a result, the market value of such securities generally will be more volatile than that of fixed rate securities.
The Funds investments in inverse floating rate securities issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund may be highly leveraged. The structure and degree to which the Funds inverse floating rate securities are highly leveraged will vary based upon a number of factors, including the size of the trust itself and the terms of the underlying municipal security. An inverse floating rate security generally is considered highly leveraged if the principal amount of the short-term floating rate interests issued by the related special purpose trust has a three to one gearing to the principal amount of the inverse floating rate securities owned by the trust. In the event of a significant decline in the value of an underlying security, the Fund may suffer losses in excess of the amount of its investment (up to an amount equal to the value of the municipal securities underlying the inverse floating rate securities) as a result of liquidating special purpose trusts or other collateral required to maintain the Funds anticipated effective leverage ratio.
The Funds investment in inverse floating rate securities will create effective leverage. Any effective leverage achieved through the Funds investment in inverse floating rate securities will create an opportunity for increased Common Share net income and returns, but will also create the possibility that Common Share long-term returns will be diminished if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the inverse floating rate securities purchased by the Fund. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk.
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The amount of fees paid to Nuveen Asset Management for investment advisory services will be higher if the Fund uses leverage because the fees will be calculated based on the Funds managed assetsthis may create an incentive for Nuveen Asset Management to leverage the Fund. Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund, minus the sum of its accrued liabilities (other than liabilities incurred for the express purpose of creating effective leverage). Total assets for this purpose shall include assets attributable to the Funds use of effective leverage (whether or not those assets are reflected in the Funds financial statements for purposes of generally accepted accounting principles), such as, but not limited to, the portion of assets in special purpose trusts of which the Fund owns the inverse floater certificates that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate certificates.
There is no assurance that the Funds strategy of investing in inverse floating rate securities will be successful.
Inverse floating rate securities have varying degrees of liquidity based, among other things, upon the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is more volatile than the underlying securities due to leverage. The leverage attributable to such inverse floating rate securities may be called away on relatively short notice and therefore may be less permanent than more traditional forms of leverage. In certain circumstances, the likelihood of an increase in the volatility of net asset value and market price of the Common Shares may be greater for a fund (like the Fund) that relies primarily on inverse floating rate securities to achieve a desired effective leverage ratio. The Fund may be required to sell its inverse floating rate securities at less than favorable prices, or liquidate other Fund portfolio holdings in certain circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following:
| If the Fund has a need for cash and the securities in a special purpose trust are not actively trading due to adverse market conditions; |
| If special purpose trust sponsors (as a collective group or individually) experience financial hardship and consequently seek to terminate their respective outstanding trusts; and |
| If the value of an underlying security declines significantly (to a level below the notional value of the floating rate securities issued by the trust) and if additional collateral has not been posted by the Fund. |
Insurance Risk
The Fund may purchase municipal securities that are secured by insurance, bank credit agreements or escrow accounts. The credit quality of the companies that provide such credit enhancements will affect the value of those securities. Certain significant providers of insurance for municipal securities have recently incurred significant losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower credit quality investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such losses have reduced the insurers capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such insurance if they are called upon to do so in the future. While an insured municipal security will typically be deemed to have the rating of its insurer, if the insurer of a municipal security suffers a downgrade in its credit rating or the market discounts the value of the insurance provided by the insurer, the rating of the underlying municipal security will be more relevant and the value of the municipal security would more closely, if not entirely, reflect such rating. In such a case, the value of insurance associated with a municipal security would decline and may not add any value. The insurance feature of a municipal security does not guarantee the full payment of principal and interest through the life of an insured obligation, the market value of the insured obligation or the net asset value of the Common Shares represented by such insured obligation.
Tax Risk
To qualify for the favorable U.S. federal income tax treatment generally accorded to regulated investment companies, among other things, the Fund must derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from
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certain prescribed sources and satisfy a diversification test on a quarterly basis. If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions were not available to the Fund, and it were to fail to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company for a taxable year, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and such distributions would be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits.
To qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, which are treated as items of interest excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, at least 50% of the value of the total assets of the Fund must consist of obligations exempt from regular income tax as of the close of each quarter of the Funds taxable year. If the proportion of taxable investments held by the Fund exceeded 50% of the Funds total assets as of the close of any quarter of any Fund taxable year, the Fund would not for that taxable year satisfy the general eligibility test that would otherwise permit it to pay exempt-interest dividends.
The value of the Funds investments and its net asset value may be adversely affected by changes in tax rates and policies. Because interest income from municipal securities is normally not subject to regular federal income taxation, the attractiveness of municipal securities in relation to other investment alternatives is affected by changes in federal income tax rates or changes in the tax-exempt status of interest income from municipal securities. Any proposed or actual changes in such rates or exempt status, therefore, can significantly affect the demand for and supply, liquidity and marketability of municipal securities. This could in turn affect the Funds net asset value and ability to acquire and dispose of municipal securities at desirable yield and price levels. Additionally, the Fund is not a suitable investment for individual retirement accounts, for other tax-exempt or tax-deferred accounts or for investors who are not sensitive to the federal income tax consequences of their investments.
Taxability Risk
The Fund will invest in municipal securities in reliance at the time of purchase on an opinion of bond counsel to the issuer that the interest paid on those securities will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes, and Nuveen Asset Management will not independently verify that opinion. Subsequent to the Funds acquisition of such a municipal security, however, the security may be determined to pay, or to have paid, taxable income. As a result, the treatment of dividends previously paid or to be paid by the Fund as exempt-interest dividends could be adversely affected, subjecting the Funds shareholders to increased federal income tax liabilities.
Distributions of taxable ordinary income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains. See Tax Matters.
Borrowing Risks
In addition to borrowing for leverage (See Use of Leverage), the Fund may borrow for temporary or emergency purposes, including to meet redemption requests, pay dividends, repurchase its shares, or clear portfolio transactions. Borrowing may exaggerate changes in the net asset value of the Funds shares and may affect the Funds net income. When the Fund borrows money, it must pay interest and other fees, which will reduce the Funds returns if such costs exceed the returns on the portfolio securities purchased or retained with such borrowings. Any such borrowings are intended to be temporary. However, under certain market conditions,
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including periods of low demand or decreased liquidity in the municipal bond market such borrowings might be outstanding for longer periods of time. The Fund will not purchase additional portfolio securities while outstanding such temporary or emergency borrowings exceed 5% of the value of its total assets.
Other Investment Companies Risk
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies. Such securities may be leveraged. As a result, the Fund may be indirectly exposed to leverage through an investment in such securities and therefore magnify the Funds leverage risk. Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and involves certain risks. An investment in securities of other investment companies that are leveraged may expose the Fund to higher volatility in the market value of such securities and the possibility that the Funds long-term returns on such securities (and, indirectly, the long-term returns of the Common Shares) will be diminished.
Inflation Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real value of the dividends paid to VMTP Shareholders can decline, and the real value of Common Shares and the distributions can decline. In addition, during any period of rising inflation, interest rates on borrowings would likely increase, which would tend to further reduce returns to Common Shareholders.
Sector and Industry Risk
Subject to the concentration limits of the Funds investment policies and guidelines, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its net assets in certain sectors of the municipal securities market, such as hospitals and other health care facilities, charter schools and other private educational facilities, special taxing districts and start-up utility districts, and private activity bonds including industrial development bonds on behalf of transportation companies such as airline companies, whose credit quality and performance may be more susceptible to economic, business, political, regulatory and other developments than other sectors of municipal issuers. If the Fund invests a significant portion of its net assets in the sectors noted above, the Funds performance may be subject to additional risk and variability. To the extent that the Fund focuses its net assets in the hospital and healthcare facilities sector, for example, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with such sector, including adverse government regulation and reduction in reimbursement rates, as well as government approval of products and services and intense competition. Securities issued with respect to special taxing districts will be subject to various risks, including real-estate development related risks and taxpayer concentration risk. Further, the fees, special taxes or tax allocations and other revenues established to secure the obligations of securities issued with respect to special taxing districts are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. Charter schools and other private educational facilities are subject to various risks, including the reversal of legislation authorizing or funding charter schools, the failure to renew or secure a charter, the failure of a funding entity to appropriate necessary funds and competition from alternatives such as voucher programs. Issuers of municipal utility securities can be significantly affected by government regulation, financing difficulties, supply and demand of services or fuel and natural resource conservation. The transportation sector, including airports, airlines, ports and other transportation facilities, can be significantly affected by changes in the economy, fuel prices, labor relations, insurance costs and government regulation.
Tobacco settlement bonds are municipal securities that are backed solely by expected revenues to be derived from lawsuits involving tobacco related deaths and illnesses which were settled between certain states and American tobacco companies. Tobacco settlement bonds are secured by an issuing states proportionate share in the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA). The MSA is an agreement, reached out of court in November 1998 between 46 states and nearly all of the U.S. tobacco manufacturers. Under the terms of the MSA, the actual amount of future settlement payments by tobacco manufacturers is dependent on many factors, including, but not
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limited to, annual domestic cigarette shipments, reduced cigarette consumption, increased taxes on cigarettes, inflation, financial capability of tobacco companies, continuing litigation and the possibility of tobacco manufacturer bankruptcy. Payments made by tobacco manufacturers could be negatively impacted if the decrease in tobacco consumption is significantly greater than the forecasted decline.
Special Risks Related to Certain Municipal Obligations
The Fund may invest in municipal leases and certificates of participation in such leases. Municipal leases and certificates of participation involve special risks not normally associated with general obligations or revenue bonds. Leases and installment purchase or conditional sale contracts (which normally provide for title to the leased asset to pass eventually to the governmental issuer) have evolved as a means for governmental issuers to acquire property and equipment without meeting the constitutional and statutory requirements for the issuance of debt. The debt issuance limitations are deemed to be inapplicable because of the inclusion in many leases or contracts of non-appropriation clauses that relieve the governmental issuer of any obligation to make future payments under the lease or contract unless money is appropriated for such purpose by the appropriate legislative body on a yearly or other periodic basis. In addition, such leases or contracts may be subject to the temporary abatement of payments in the event the governmental issuer is prevented from maintaining occupancy of the leased premises or utilizing the leased equipment. Although the obligations may be secured by the leased equipment or facilities, the disposition of the property in the event of non-appropriation or foreclosure might prove difficult, time consuming and costly, and may result in a delay in recovering or the failure to fully recover the Funds original investment. In the event of non-appropriation, the issuer would be in default and taking ownership of the assets may be a remedy available to the Fund, although the Fund does not anticipate that such a remedy would normally be pursued. To the extent that the Fund invests in unrated municipal leases or participates in such leases, the credit quality rating and risk of cancellation of such unrated leases will be monitored on an ongoing basis. Certificates of participation, which represent interests in unmanaged pools of municipal leases or installment contracts, involve the same risks as the underlying municipal leases. In addition, the Fund may be dependent upon the municipal authority issuing the certificates of participation to exercise remedies with respect to the underlying securities. Certificates of participation also entail a risk of default or bankruptcy, both of the issuer of the municipal lease and also the municipal agency issuing the certificate of participation.
Derivatives Risk, Including the Risk of Swaps
The Funds use of derivatives involves risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in the investments underlying the derivatives. Whether the Funds use of derivatives is successful will depend on, among other things, if NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management correctly forecasts market values, interest rates and other applicable factors. If NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management incorrectly forecasts these and other factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be unfavorably affected. In addition, the derivatives market is largely unregulated. It is possible that developments in the derivatives market could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments.
The Fund may enter into debt-related derivatives instruments including credit default swap contracts and interest rate swaps. Like most derivative instruments, the use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. In addition, the use of swaps requires an understanding by Nuveen Asset Management not only of the referenced asset, rate or index, but also of the swap itself. Because they are two-party contracts and because they may have terms of greater than seven days, swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements. The derivatives market is subject to a changing regulatory environment. It is possible that regulatory or other developments in the derivatives market
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could adversely affect the Funds ability to successfully use derivative instruments. See also, Counterparty Risk, Hedging Risk and the SAI.
Counterparty Risk
Changes in the credit quality of the companies that serve as the Funds counterparties with respect to derivatives, insured municipal securities or other transactions supported by another partys credit will affect the value of those instruments. Certain entities that have served as counterparties in the markets for these transactions have recently incurred significant financial hardships including bankruptcy and losses as a result of exposure to sub-prime mortgages and other lower quality credit investments that have experienced recent defaults or otherwise suffered extreme credit deterioration. As a result, such hardships have reduced these entities capital and called into question their continued ability to perform their obligations under such transactions. By using such derivatives or other transactions, the Fund assumes the risk that its counterparties could experience similar financial hardships.
Hedging Risk
The Funds use of derivatives or other transactions to reduce risk involves costs and will be subject to NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Managements ability to predict correctly changes in the relationships of such hedge instruments to the Funds portfolio holdings or other factors. No assurance can be given that NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Managements judgment in this respect will be correct. In addition, no assurance can be given that the Fund will enter into hedging or other transactions at times or under circumstances in which it may be advisable to do so.
Deflation Risk
Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time, which may have an adverse effect on the market valuation of companies, their assets and revenues. In addition, deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio.
Illiquid Securities Risk
The Fund may invest in municipal securities and other instruments that, at the time of investment, are illiquid. Illiquid securities are securities that are not readily marketable and may include some restricted securities, which are securities that may not be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act, if they are unregistered, may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Illiquid securities involve the risk that the securities will not be able to be sold at the time desired by the Fund or at prices approximating the value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.
Impact of Offering Methods Risk
The issuance of Common Shares through the various methods described in this Prospectus may have an adverse effect on prices in the secondary market for the Funds Common Shares by increasing the number of Common Shares available for sale. In addition, the Common Shares may be issued at a discount to the market price for such Common Shares, which may put downward pressure on the market price for Common Shares of the Fund.
Certain Affiliations
Certain broker-dealers may be considered to be affiliated persons of the Fund, NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management, Nuveen and/or Nuveen Investments. Absent an exemption from the SEC or other regulatory relief,
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the Fund is generally precluded from effecting certain principal transactions with affiliated brokers, and its ability to purchase securities being underwritten by an affiliated broker or a syndicate including an affiliated broker, or to utilize affiliated brokers for agency transactions, is subject to restrictions. The Fund has not applied for and does not intend to apply for such relief. This could limit the Funds ability to engage in securities transactions, purchase certain adjustable rate senior loans, if applicable, and take advantage of market opportunities.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
The Funds Declaration includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to open-end status. These provisions could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
Trustees and Officers
The Board is responsible for the management of the Fund, including supervision of the duties performed by NFALLC. The names and business addresses of the trustees and officers of the Fund and their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years are set forth under Management of the Fund in the SAI.
Investment Adviser, Sub-Adviser and Portfolio Manager
Investment Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall strategy and implementation. NFALLC offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. NFALLC has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. NFALLC is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. NFALLC is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC (Nuveen), the investment management arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of June 30, 2017, Nuveen managed approximately $929 billion in assets, of which approximately $134 billion was managed by NFALLC.
Sub-Adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as the Funds sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management (the Sub-Advisory Agreement). Nuveen Asset Management, a registered investment adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NFALLC. Nuveen Asset Management oversees day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management will be compensated for the services it provides to the Fund with a portion of the management fee NFALLC receives from the Fund. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
Nuveen Asset Management is responsible for the execution of specific investment strategies and day-to-day investment operations of the Fund. Nuveen Asset Management manages the Nuveen funds using a team of analysts and portfolio managers that focuses on a specific group of funds. The day-to-day operation of the Fund and the execution of its specific investment strategies is the primary responsibility of John V. Miller, the designated portfolio manager of the Fund since.
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Portfolio Manager. John V. Miller, CFA (the Portfolio Manager) joined Nuveens investment management team as a credit analyst in 1996, with three prior years of experience in the municipal market with a private account management firm. He has a BA in Economics and Political Science from Duke University, and an MA in Economics from Northwestern University and an MBA with honors in Finance from the University of Chicago. He has been responsible for analysis of high yield credits in the utility, solid waste and energy related sectors. He is a Managing Director and Co-Head of Fixed Income of Nuveen Asset Management. He manages investments for nine Nuveen-sponsored investment companies.
Additional information about the Portfolio Managers compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Manager and the Portfolio Managers ownership of securities in the Fund is provided in the SAI. The SAI is available free of charge by calling (800) 257-8787 or by visiting the Funds website at www.nuveen.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, the Funds website is not part of this Prospectus or the SAI.
Investment Management and Sub-Advisory Agreements
Investment Management Agreement. Pursuant to an investment management agreement between NFALLC and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay an annual management fee for the services and facilities provided by NFALLC, payable on a monthly basis, based on the sum of a fund-level fee and a complex-level fee, as described below.
Fund-Level Fee.
Through July 31, 2016, the annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, was calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets(1) |
Fund-Level Fee Rate |
|||
For the first $125 million |
0.5500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.5375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.5250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.5125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.5000 | % | ||
For managed assets over $2 billion |
0.4750 | % |
Effective August 1, 2016, the annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets(1) |
Fund-Level Fee Rate |
|||
For the first $125 million |
0.5500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.5375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.5250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.5125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.5000 | % | ||
For the next $3 billion |
0.4750 | % | ||
For managed assets over $5 billion |
0.4625 | % |
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Complex-Level Fee. The annual complex-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Complex-Level Managed Asset Breakpoint Level(1) |
Effective Rate at Breakpoint Level |
|||
$55 billion |
0.2000 | % | ||
$56 billion |
0.1996 | % | ||
$57 billion |
0.1989 | % | ||
$60 billion |
0.1961 | % | ||
$63 billion |
0.1931 | % | ||
$66 billion |
0.1900 | % | ||
$71 billion |
0.1851 | % | ||
$76 billion |
0.1806 | % | ||
$80 billion |
0.1773 | % | ||
$91 billion |
0.1691 | % | ||
$125 billion |
0.1599 | % | ||
$200 billion |
0.1505 | % | ||
$250 billion |
0.1469 | % | ||
$300 billion |
0.1445 | % |
(1) | For the fund-level and complex-level fees, managed assets include closed-end fund assets managed by NFALLC that are attributable to certain types of leverage. For these purposes, leverage includes the funds use of preferred stock and borrowings and certain investments in the residual interest certificates (also called inverse floating rate securities) in tender option bond (TOB) trusts, including the portion of assets held by a TOB trust that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate securities, subject to an agreement by NFALLC as to certain funds to limit the amount of such assets for determining managed assets in certain circumstances. The complex-level fee is calculated based upon the aggregate daily managed assets of all Nuveen funds that constitute eligible assets. Eligible assets do not include assets attributable to investments in other Nuveen funds or assets in excess of a determined amount (originally $2 billion) added to the Nuveen Fund complex in connection with NFALLCs assumption of the management of the former First American Funds effective January 1, 2011. As of April 30, 2017, the complex-level fee rate for the Fund was 0.1610%. |
In addition to the fee of NFALLC, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its trustees (other than those affiliated with NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management), custodian, transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses associated with any borrowings, expenses of issuing any preferred shares, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies, and taxes, if any.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Boards most recent approval of the Investment Management Agreement for the Fund may be found in the Funds annual report to shareholders dated October 31 of each year.
Sub-Advisory Agreement. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management receives from NFALLC a management fee equal to 46.6667% of NFALLCs net management fee from the Fund. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
A discussion regarding the Boards most recent approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement for the Fund may be found in the Funds annual report to shareholders dated October 31 of each year.
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The Funds net asset value per share is determined as of the close of regular session trading (normally 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time) on each day the NYSE is open for business. Net asset value is calculated by taking the market value of the Funds total assets, including interest or dividends accrued but not yet collected, less all liabilities, and dividing by the total number of shares outstanding. The result, rounded to the nearest cent, is the net asset value per share. All valuations are subject to review by the Funds Board or its delegate.
In determining net asset value, securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued at market value and expenses are accrued and applied daily. The prices of municipal bonds are provided by a pricing service approved by the Funds Board. When market price quotes are not readily available (which is usually the case for municipal securities), the pricing service, or, in the absence of a pricing service for a particular security, the Board of the Fund, or its designee, may establish fair market value using a wide variety of market data including yields or prices of municipal bonds of comparable quality, type of issue, coupon, maturity and rating, market quotes or indications of value from securities dealers, evaluations of anticipated cash flows or collateral, general market conditions and other information and analysis, including the obligors credit characteristics considered relevant by the pricing service or the Boards designee. Exchange-listed securities are generally valued at the last sales price on the securities exchange on which such securities are primarily traded. Securities traded on a securities exchange for which there are no transactions on a given day or securities not listed on a securities exchange are valued at the mean of the closing bid and asked prices. Securities traded on Nasdaq are valued at the Nasdaq Official Closing Price. Temporary investments in securities that have variable rate and demand features qualifying them as short-term investments are valued at amortized cost, which approximates market value. See Net Asset Value in the SAI for more information.
The Fund pays regular monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per Common Share dividend rate) that reflects the past and projected performance of the Fund. Distributions can only be made from net investment income after paying any accrued dividends to VMTP Shareholders or interest and required principal payments on borrowings.
The Funds ability to maintain a level dividend rate will depend on a number of factors, including the rate at which dividends are payable on the VMTP Shares. The net income of the Fund includes all interest income accrued on portfolio assets less all expenses of the Fund. Expenses of the Fund are accrued each day. For each year, all or substantially all of the net investment income of the Fund will be distributed. At least annually, the Fund also intends to distribute substantially all of its net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) and ordinary taxable income, if any, after paying any accrued dividends or making any liquidation payments to VMTP Shareholders and interest and required principal payments on borrowings. Although it does not now intend to do so, the Board may change the Funds dividend policy and the amount or timing of the distributions, based on a number of factors, including the amount of the Funds undistributed net investment income and historical and projected investment income and the amount of the expenses and dividend rates on outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, and expenses and interest on borrowings.
The Fund might not distribute all or a portion of any net capital gain for a taxable year. If the Fund does not distribute all of its net capital gain for a taxable year, it will pay federal income tax on the retained gain. Provided the Fund satisfies certain requirements, each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year will include in income, for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund on such retained gain, and will be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax. The Fund may treat the retained capital gains as a substitute for equivalent cash distributions. While not currently anticipated, if the Fund makes total distributions during a given calendar year in an amount that exceeds the Funds net investment
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income and net capital gain for that calendar year, the excess would generally be treated by Common Shareholders as a return of capital for tax purposes. A return of capital reduces a shareholders tax basis, which could result in higher taxes when the shareholder sells his or her shares. This may cause the shareholder to pay taxes even if he or she sells shares for less than the original price.
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time, subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders.
If your Common Shares are registered directly with the Fund or if you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that participates in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), you may elect to have all dividends, including any capital gain dividends, on your Common Shares automatically reinvested by the Plan Agent (defined below) in additional Common Shares under the Plan. You may elect to participate in the Plan by contacting Nuveen Investor Services at (800) 257-8787. If you do not participate, you will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to you or your brokerage firm by State Street Bank and Trust Company as dividend paying agent (the Plan Agent).
If you decide to participate in the Plan, the number of Common Shares you will receive will be determined as follows:
(1) If Common Shares are trading at or above net asset value at the time of valuation, the Fund will issue new shares at the then current market price;
(2) If Common Shares are trading below net asset value at the time of valuation, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will purchase Common Shares in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for the participants accounts. It is possible that the market price for the Common Shares may increase before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases. Therefore, the average purchase price per share paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the market price at the time of valuation, resulting in the purchase of fewer shares than if the dividend or distribution had been paid in Common Shares issued by the Fund. The Plan Agent will use all dividends and distributions received in cash to purchase Common Shares in the open market within 30 days of the valuation date. Interest will not be paid on any uninvested cash payments; or
(3) If the Plan Agent begins purchasing Fund shares on the open market while shares are trading below net asset value, but the Funds shares subsequently trade at or above their net asset value before the Plan Agent is able to complete its purchases, the Plan Agent may cease open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the distribution in newly-issued Fund shares at a price equal to the greater of the shares net asset value or 95% of the shares market value.
You may withdraw from the Plan at any time by giving written notice to the Plan Agent. If you withdraw or the Plan is terminated, you will receive whole shares in your account under the Plan and you will receive a cash payment for any fraction of a share in your account. If you wish, the Plan Agent will sell your shares and send you the proceeds, minus brokerage commissions and a $2.50 service fee.
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and gives written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information you may need for tax records. Upon a repurchase of your shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) may be required to report to the IRS and furnish to you cost basis and holding period information for Fund shares that you purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares).
For shares of the Fund held in the Plan, you are permitted to elect from among several permitted cost basis methods. In the absence of an election, the Plan will use first-in first-out (FIFO) methodology for tracking and
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reporting your cost basis on covered shares as its default cost basis method. The cost basis method you use may not be changed with respect to a repurchase of shares after the settlement date of the repurchase. You should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best permitted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting rules apply to you. Shareholders should also carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
Common Shares in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all Common Shares you have received under the Plan.
There is no brokerage charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Shares. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases.
Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due upon receiving dividends and distributions.
If you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that does not participate in the Plan, you will not be able to participate in the Plan and any dividend reinvestment may be effected on different terms than those described above. Consult your financial advisor for more information.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if in the judgment of the Board the change is warranted. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Additional information about the Plan may be obtained by writing to State Street Bank and Trust Company, Attn: ComputerShare Nuveen Investments, P.O. Box 43071, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3071 or by calling (800) 257-8787.
The Fund may sell the Common Shares offered under this Prospectus through
| at-the-market transactions; |
| underwriting syndicates; and |
| privately negotiated transactions. |
The Fund will bear the expenses of the offering, including but not limited to, the expenses of preparation of the Prospectus and SAI for the offering and the expense of counsel and auditors in connection with the offering.
Distribution Through At-The-Market Transactions
The Fund has entered into a distribution agreement with Nuveen Securities (the Distribution Agreement), which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. The summary of the Distribution Agreement contained herein is qualified by reference to the Distribution Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a selected dealer agreement (the Selected Dealer Agreement) with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS will be acting as the exclusive sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of Common Shares. The Selected Dealer Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part. The summary of the Selected Dealer Agreement contained herein is qualified by reference to the Selected Dealer Agreement.
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Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS. Common Shares will be sold at market prices, which shall be determined with reference to trades on the NYSE, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current net asset value per Common Share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price.
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or broker-dealer. Settlements of sales of Common Shares will occur on the third business day following the date on which any such sales are made.
In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis.
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time.
The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to this Prospectus primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to this Prospectus describing such transactions.
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017 was $13.66.
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen Investments and its funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates.
Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates
The Fund from time to time may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis (e.g., overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period). The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters, and the underwriting syndicate.
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 5% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest net asset value per Common Share or (ii) 91% of the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date.
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Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions
The Fund, through Nuveen Securities, from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters as defined in the 1933 Act for any resale of Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transactions.
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the person seeking to purchase the Common Shares.
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the net asset value per Common Share of the Funds Common Shares or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis.
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Common Shares
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares being offered have a par value of $0.01 per share and, subject to the rights of holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, and borrowings, if incurred, have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation. The Common Shares being offered will, when issued, be fully paid and, subject to matters discussed in Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust, non-assessable, and will have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting. Each whole share (Common or preferred) has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, and each fractional share shall be entitled to a proportional fractional vote, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, and will vote together as a single class. Whenever the Fund incurs borrowings and/or preferred shares are outstanding, Common Shareholders will not be entitled to receive any cash distributions from the Fund unless all interest on such borrowings has been paid and all accrued dividends on preferred shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to any borrowings would be at least 300% after giving effect to the distributions and asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to preferred shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions. See Preferred Shares below.
The Common Shares have been approved for listing on the NYSE. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing. The Fund will not issue share certificates.
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the NYSE through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than net asset value. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and have during other periods traded at prices lower than net asset value.
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Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as distribution levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, net asset value, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than net asset value in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes. See Repurchase of Fund Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund.
Borrowings
The Declaration authorizes the Fund, without approval of the Common Shareholders, to borrow money. In this connection, the Fund may issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness (including bank borrowings or commercial paper) and may secure any such borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the Funds assets. The Fund expects to borrow money at rates generally available to institutional investors. In connections with such borrowings, the Fund may be required to maintain minimum average balances with the lender or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Any such requirements will increase the cost of any such borrowings over the stated interest rate. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund, immediately after any such borrowings, must have an asset coverage of at least 300%. With respect to any such borrowings, asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of such borrowings represented by senior securities issued by the Fund. Certain types of borrowings may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverages or portfolio coverages or otherwise. In addition, as with the issuance of VMTP Shares, certain types of borrowings may result in the Fund being subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for commercial paper or notes issued by the Fund. Such restrictions may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act.
The rights of lenders to the Fund to receive interest on and repayment of principal of any such borrowings will be senior to those of the Common Shareholders, and the terms of any such borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to Common Shareholders in certain circumstances. Further, the 1940 Act does (in certain circumstances) grant to the lenders to the Fund certain voting rights in the event of default in the payment of interest on or repayment of principal. In the event that such provisions would impair the Funds eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Internal Revenue Code), the Fund will attempt to repay or restructure the borrowings to preserve that eligibility. Any borrowings will likely be ranked senior or equal to all other existing and future borrowings of the Fund. The Fund may also borrow money for repurchase of its shares or as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency situations. See Investment Restrictions in the SAI.
Preferred Shares
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, in one or more classes or series, with rights as determined by the Board, by action of the Board without the approval of the Common Shareholders.
The Funds Board authorized the offering of MuniPreferred Shares in the past. As of June 21, 2011, all of the Funds MuniPreferred shares have been redeemed.
The Funds Board authorized the offering of VMTP Shares. As of October 31, 2016, there were 870 VMTP Shares outstanding. The VMTP Shares pay dividends at rates based on short-term periods (ranging from seven days to five years) (which are reset periodically pursuant to an auction). The preference on distribution, liquidation preference, voting rights and redemption provisions of the VMTP Shares are as stated below.
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Limited Issuance of Preferred Shares. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund could issue preferred shares with an aggregate liquidation value of up to one-half of the value of the Funds total net assets, including any liabilities associated with borrowings, measured immediately after issuance of the preferred shares. Liquidation value means the original purchase price of the shares being liquidated plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless the liquidation value of the preferred shares is less than one-half of the value of the Funds total net assets (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or distribution) immediately after the distribution.
Distribution Preference. Preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would have complete priority over the Common Shares as to distribution of assets.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared) before any distribution of assets is made to Common Shareholders.
Voting Rights. Preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, are required to be voting shares and to have equal voting rights with Common Shares. Except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus or the SAI and except as otherwise required by applicable law, preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would vote together with Common Shareholders as a single class.
Holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees (following the establishment of the Fund by an initial trustee, the Declaration provides for a total of no less than two and no more than 12 trustees). The remaining trustees will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of preferred shares, if issued in the future, voting together as a single class. In the unlikely event that two full years of accrued dividends are unpaid on the preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, the holders of all outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect a majority of the Funds trustees until all dividends in arrears have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In order for the Fund to take certain actions or enter into certain transactions, a separate class vote of holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would be required, in addition to the single class vote of the holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, and Common Shares. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and the SAI under Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights.
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares. The terms of any preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, provide that they may be redeemed by the issuer at certain times, in whole or in part, at the original purchase price per share plus accumulated dividends. Any redemption or purchase of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, by the Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to Common Shares, while any issuance of shares by the Fund would increase such leverage.
The Fund applied for and obtained ratings for its VMTP Shares from NRSROs. As long as VMTP Shares are outstanding, the composition of the Funds portfolio would reflect guidelines established by such NRSROs. Based on previous guidelines established by such NRSROs for the securities of other issuers, the Fund anticipates that the guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. However, at this time, no assurance can be given as to the nature or extent of the guidelines that may be imposed in connection with obtaining a rating of any VMTP Shares.
Currently, VMTP Shares are rated by one NRSRO. The Fund is obligated only to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause at least one NRSRO to publish a credit rating with respect to its VMTP Shares for so long as VMTP Shares are outstanding. The Fund may choose a different NRSRO or NRSROs to rate VMTP Shares and the ratings of VMTP Shares may vary. The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions or guidelines
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by an NRSRO to achieve a desired rating. Such restrictions and guidelines vary by NRSRO and by desired ratings. These guidelines generally include asset coverage requirements; portfolio characteristics such as portfolio diversification and credit rating criteria; and qualitative views on the fund and fund management. While these restrictions and guidelines may impose different requirements than those under the 1940 Act, it is not anticipated that these restrictions or guidelines will impede the management of the Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies.
NRSRO ratings of the Funds outstanding preferred shares neither eliminate nor mitigate the risks of investing in Common Shares. See Investment Objectives in the SAI.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for debts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the trustees. The Declaration further provides for indemnification out of the assets and property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The Fund believes that the likelihood of such circumstances is remote.
The Declaration includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. Specifically, the Declaration requires a vote by holders of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and VMTP Shares, voting together as a single class, except as described below, to authorize (1) a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, (2) a merger or consolidation of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or a reorganization of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, (3) a sale, lease or transfer of all or substantially all of the Funds assets (other than in the regular course of the Funds investment activities), (4) in certain circumstances, a termination of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, or (5) a removal of trustees by shareholders (except at the end of a trustees term), and then only for cause1, unless, with respect to (1) through (4), such transaction has already been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, in which case the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Common Shares and VMTP Shares, outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, is required; provided, however, that where only a particular class or series is affected (or, in the case of removing a trustee, when the trustee has been elected by only one class), only the required vote by the applicable class or series will be required. Approval of shareholders is not required, however, for any transaction, whether deemed a merger, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise whereby the Fund issues shares in connection with the acquisition of assets (including those subject to liabilities) from any other investment company or similar entity. In the case of the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company, or in the case of any of the foregoing transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of VMTP Shares, the action in question will also require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds VMTP Shares, outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, or, if such action has been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds VMTP Shares, outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class. None of the foregoing provisions may be amended except by the vote of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and VMTP Shares, voting together as a single class. The votes required to approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company or to approve transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of VMTP Shares,
1 | Vacancies caused by the death, resignation, retirement, removal or disqualification of a trustee may be filled in any manner that is consistent with the Declaration and applicable law. |
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are higher than those required by the 1940 Act. The Board believes that the provisions of the Declaration relating to such higher votes are in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. Note, the Funds staggered Board could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. See the SAI under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust.
The provisions of the Declaration described above could have the effect of depriving the Common Shareholders of opportunities to sell their Common Shares at a premium over the then current market price of the Common Shares by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a third party. They provide, however, the advantage of potentially requiring persons seeking control of the Fund to negotiate with its management regarding the price to be paid and facilitating the continuity of the Funds investment objectives and policies. The Board of the Fund has considered the foregoing anti-takeover provisions and concluded that they are in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders.
Reference should be made to the Declaration on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
REPURCHASE OF FUND SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), net asset value, call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade at prices lower than net asset value, the Funds Board has currently determined that, at least annually, it will consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from net asset value in respect of Common Shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares at net asset value, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. The Fund cannot assure you that its Board will decide to take any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers will actually reduce market discount.
If the Fund converted to an open-end investment company, it would be required to redeem all preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, then outstanding (requiring in turn that it liquidate a portion of its investment portfolio), and the Common Shares would no longer be listed on the NYSE. In contrast to a closed-end investment company, shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their net asset value, less any redemption charge that is in effect at the time of redemption. As a result, conversion to open-end status may require changes in the management of the Funds portfolio in order to meet the liquidity requirements applicable to open-end funds. Because portfolio securities may have to be liquidated to meet redemptions, conversion could affect the Funds ability to meet its investment objective or to use certain investment policies and techniques described above. If converted to an open-end fund, the Fund expects to pay all redemptions in cash, but intends to reserve the right to pay redemption requests in a combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in converting such securities to cash. If the Fund were converted to an open-end fund, it is likely that new Common Shares would be sold at net asset value plus a sales load. See the SAI under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust for a discussion of the voting requirements applicable to the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company.
Before deciding whether to take any action if the Common Shares trade below net asset value, the Funds Board would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders, and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Funds shares should trade at a discount, the Board
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may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken. See the SAI under Repurchase of Fund Shares; Conversion to Open-End Fund for a further discussion of possible action to reduce or eliminate such discount to net asset value.
The following information is meant as a general summary for U.S. shareholders. Please see the SAI for additional information. Investors should rely on their own tax adviser for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences to them of investing in the Fund.
The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year to be treated as a regulated investment company (RIC) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund must satisfy certain requirements regarding the sources of its income, the diversification of its assets and the distribution of its income. As a RIC, the Fund is not expected to be subject to federal income tax. The Fund primarily invests in municipal securities issued by states, cities and local authorities and certain possessions and territories of the United States (such as Puerto Rico or Guam) or municipal securities whose income is otherwise exempt from regular federal income taxes. Substantially all of the Funds dividends paid to you are expected to qualify as exempt-interest dividends. A shareholder treats an exempt-interest dividend as interest on state and local bonds exempt from regular federal income tax. Federal income tax law imposes an alternative minimum tax with respect to corporations, individuals, trust and estates. Interest on certain municipal securities, such as certain private activity bonds, is included as an item of tax preference in determining the amount of a taxpayers alternative minimum taxable income. To the extent that the Fund receives income from such municipal securities, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund, although exempt from regular federal income tax, will be taxable to shareholders whose tax liabilities are determined under the federal alternative minimum tax. The Fund will annually provide a report indicating the percentage of the Funds income attributable to municipal securities and the percentage includable in federal alternative minimum taxable income. Corporations are subject to special rules in calculating their federal alternative minimum taxable income with respect to interest from such municipal securities.
In addition to exempt-interest dividends, the Fund may also distribute to its shareholders amounts that are treated as long-term capital gain or ordinary income (which may include short-term capital gains). These distributions are generally subject to regular federal income tax, whether or not reinvested in additional shares. Capital gain distributions are generally taxable at rates applicable to long-term capital gains regardless of how long a shareholder has held its shares. Long-term capital gains are currently taxable to non-corporate shareholders at rates of up to 20%. The Fund does not expect that any part of its distributions to shareholders from its investments will qualify for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders or as qualified dividend income, which is taxable to non-corporate shareholders at preferential U.S. federal income tax rates.
A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for U.S. federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a surviving spouse for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends, and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholders net investment income, but exempt-interest dividends are not taken into account.
As a RIC, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax in any taxable year provided that it meets certain requirements. As described in Distributions above, the Fund may retain for investment some (or all) of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain or taxable net investment income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the
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retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who, if subject to federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their share of such undistributed amount; (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount and will be entitled to credit that amount of tax against their federal income tax liabilities, if any; and (iii) will be entitled to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder.
Dividends declared by the Fund in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record in such a month, and paid during the following January will be treated as having been received by shareholders in the year the distributions were declared.
Each shareholder will receive an annual statement summarizing the U.S. federal income tax status of all distributions.
The repurchase, sale or exchange of Common Shares normally will result in capital gain or loss to holders of Common Shares who hold their shares as capital assets. Generally a shareholders gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year even though the increase in value in such Common Shares may be at least partly attributable to tax-exempt interest income. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income. For non-corporate taxpayers, however, long-term capital gains are currently taxed at rates of up to 20%. Short-term capital gains and other ordinary income are taxed to non-corporate taxpayers at ordinary income rates. If a shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of Common Shares before holding them for six months, any loss on the sale or disposition will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the Common Shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amount credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gain) or (2) disallowed to the extent of exempt interest dividends received by a Common Shareholder. Any loss realized by a shareholder on the disposition of shares held 6 months or less is disallowed to the extent of the amount of exempt-interest dividends received by the shareholder with respect to Common Shares. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent those shares of the Fund are replaced by substantially identical shares of the Fund (including shares acquired by reason of participation in the Plan) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of the original shares, or to the extent the shareholder enters into a contract or option to repurchase shares within such period. In that event, the basis of the replacement shares of the Fund will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Any interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry the Funds shares to which exempt-interest dividends are allocated is not deductible. Under certain applicable rules, the purchase or ownership of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly used for the purchase or ownership of the shares. In addition, if you receive social security or certain railroad retirement benefits, you may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of such benefits as a result of receiving investment income, including exempt-interest dividends and other distributions paid by the Fund.
The Fund may be required to withhold (as backup withholding) U.S. federal income tax from distributions (including exempt-interest dividends) and repurchase proceeds payable to a shareholder if the shareholder fails to provide the Fund with his or her correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if the shareholder has been notified by the IRS that he or she is subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding rate is 28%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability.
The Fund may invest in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. If you are, or as a result of investment in the Fund would become, subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for you. In addition, distributions of
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taxable ordinary income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains.
State and Local Tax Matters. The exemption from U.S. federal income tax for exempt-interest dividends generally does not result in exemption for such dividends under the income or other tax laws of any state or local taxing authority. In some states, however, the portion of any exempt-interest dividends derived from interest received by the Fund on its holdings of that states securities and those of its political subdivisions and instrumentalities is exempt from the states income tax. The Fund will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income earned by the Fund during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations indicating, on a state-by-state basis, the source of such income. Shareholders of the Fund are advised to consult their own tax advisors about state and local tax matters.
The custodian of the assets of the Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (the Custodian). The Custodian performs custodial, fund accounting and portfolio accounting services. The Funds transfer, shareholder services and dividend paying agent is also State Street Bank and Trust Company (the Transfer Agent). The Transfer Agent is located at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP (KPMG), an independent registered public accounting firm, provides auditing services to the Fund. The principal business address of KPMG is 200 East Randolph, Chicago, Illinois, 60601.
Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Washington, DC.
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) and the 1940 Act and is required to file reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. These documents can be inspected and copied for a fee at the SECs public reference room, 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549, and Northeast Regional Office, Woolworth Building, 233 Broadway, New York, New York 10013-2409. Reports, proxy statements, and other information about the Fund can be inspected at the offices of the NYSE.
This Prospectus does not contain all of the information in the Funds Registration Statement, including amendments, exhibits, and schedules. Statements in this Prospectus about the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of the contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by this reference.
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Additional information about the Fund and Common Shares can be found in the Funds Registration Statement (including amendments, exhibits, and schedules) on Form N-2 filed with the SEC. The SEC maintains a web site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains the Funds Registration Statement, other documents incorporated by reference, and other information the Fund has filed electronically with the SEC, including proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act.
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
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Million Common Shares
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund
PROSPECTUS
, 2017
LPR-NMZ-0817D
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED AUGUST 22, 2017
The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND
333 West Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
, 2017
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund (the Fund) is a diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act). The Fund was organized as a Massachusetts business trust on October 8, 2003 as Nuveen Municipal High Yield Opportunity Fund, but changed its name to Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund effective October 15, 2003.
This Statement of Additional Information (the SAI) relating to common shares of the Fund (Common Shares) does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Funds prospectus relating thereto dated , 2017 (the Prospectus). This SAI does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Common Shares. Investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing such shares. In addition, the Funds financial statements and the independent registered public accounting firms report therein included in the Funds annual report dated October 31, 2016, are incorporated herein by reference. The information with respect to the six months ended April 30, 2017 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2017 Semi-Annual Report which is incorporated herein by reference. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 257-8787. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commissions (the SEC) web site (http://www.sec.gov). Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
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The net proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares hereunder will be invested in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies as stated below. Pending investment, the timing of the investment may vary depending on the size of the net proceeds but in no case is expected to exceed 30 days, it is anticipated that the proceeds will be invested in short-term or long-term securities issued by the U.S. Government and its agencies or instrumentalities or in high quality, short-term money market instruments. See Risk FactorsLeverage Risk and Use of Leverage in the Prospectus.
The Funds primary investment objective is to provide high current income exempt from regular federal income tax. The Funds secondary investment objective is to seek attractive total return consistent with its primary objective. Any capital appreciation realized by the Fund will generally result in the distribution of taxable capital gains to shareholders. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing in municipal securities that Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management), the Funds sub-adviser, believes are underrated and undervalued. The Fund cannot assure you that it will achieve its investment objectives. The Funds investment objectives are fundamental policies of the Fund.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Except as described below, the Fund, as a fundamental policy, may not, without the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Common Shares and VMTP Shares, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of a majority of the outstanding VMTP Shares voting as a separate class:
(1) Under normal circumstances, invest less than 80% of the Funds net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal income tax;
(2) Issue senior securities, as defined in the 1940 Act, other than preferred shares, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and except as otherwise described in the Prospectus;
(3) Borrow money, except as permitted by the 1940 Act and exemptive orders granted under the 1940 Act;
(4) Act as underwriter of another issuers securities, except to the extent that the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act) in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio securities;
(5) Invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers in any one industry; provided, however, that such limitation shall not apply to municipal securities other than those municipal securities backed only by the assets and revenues of non-governmental users;
(6) Purchase or sell real estate, but this shall not prevent the Fund from investing in municipal securities secured by real estate or interests therein or foreclosing upon and selling such real estate;
(7) Purchase or sell physical commodities unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments (but this shall not prevent the Fund from purchasing or selling options, futures contracts or derivative instruments or from investing in securities or other instruments backed by physical commodities);
(8) Make loans, except as permitted by the 1940 Act and exemptive orders granted under the 1940 Act;
(9) With respect to 75% of the value of the Funds total assets, purchase any securities (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the United States government or by its agencies or instrumentalities), if as a result more than 5% of the Funds total assets would then be invested in securities of a single issuer or if as a result the Fund would hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any single issuer; and
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(10) Invest in securities other than municipal securities and short-term securities, as described in the Prospectus, except the Fund may invest up to 5% of its net assets in tax-exempt or taxable fixed-income or equity securities for the purpose of acquiring control of an issuer whose municipal securities (a) the Fund already owns and (b) have deteriorated or are expected shortly to deteriorate significantly in credit quality, provided Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (NFALLC), the Funds investment adviser, determines such investment should enable the Fund to maximize better its existing investment in such issuer. For purposes of the foregoing and Description of SharesPreferred SharesVoting Rights below, majority of the outstanding, when used with respect to particular shares of the Fund, means (i) 67% or more of the shares present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the shares are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the shares, whichever is less.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (2) above, the Fund may not issue senior securities not permitted by the 1940 Act simply by describing such securities in the Prospectus.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (3) above, under the 1940 Act, the Fund generally is not permitted to issue commercial paper or notes or borrow unless immediately after the borrowing or commercial paper or note issuance the value of the Funds total assets less liabilities other than the principal amount represented by commercial paper, notes or borrowings, is at least 300% of such principal amount. The Fund does not currently have or have pending any exemptive relief with the SEC that would allow it to borrow outside of the limits of the 1940 Act.
For the purpose of applying the 25% industry limitation set forth in subparagraph (5) above, such limitation will apply to tax-exempt municipal securities if the payment of principal and interest for such securities is derived principally from a specific project associated with an issuer that is not a governmental entity or a political subdivision of a government, and in that situation the Fund will consider such municipal securities to be in an industry associated with the project.
For the purpose of applying the limitation set forth in subparagraph (9) above, an issuer shall be deemed the sole issuer of a security when its assets and revenues are separate from other governmental entities and its securities are backed only by its assets and revenues. Similarly, in the case of a non-governmental issuer, such as an industrial corporation or a privately owned or operated hospital, if the security is backed only by the assets and revenues of the non-governmental issuer, then such non-governmental issuer would be deemed to be the sole issuer. Where a security is also backed by the enforceable obligation of a superior or unrelated governmental or other entity (other than a bond insurer), it shall also be included in the computation of securities owned that are issued by such governmental or other entity. Where a security is guaranteed by a governmental entity or some other facility, such as a bank guarantee or letter of credit, such a guarantee or letter of credit would be considered a separate security and would be treated as an issue of such government, other entity or bank. When a municipal security is insured by bond insurance, it shall not be considered a security that is issued or guaranteed by the insurer; instead, the issuer of such municipal security will be determined in accordance with the principles set forth above. The foregoing restrictions do not limit the percentage of the Funds assets that may be invested in municipal securities insured by any given insurer.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest only up to 10% of its total assets in the aggregate in shares of other investment companies and only up to 5% of its total assets in any one investment company, provided the investment does not represent more than 3% of the voting stock of the acquired investment company at the time such shares are purchased. As a stockholder in any investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses, and will remain subject to payment of the Funds management, advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Holders of Common Shares would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein and magnify the Funds leverage risk. As described in the Prospectus in the section entitled Risk Factors, the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares.
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In addition to the foregoing fundamental investment policies, the Fund is also subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions and policies, which may be changed by the Funds Board of Trustees (the Board). The Fund may not:
(1) Sell securities short, unless the Fund owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold at no added cost, and provided that transactions in options, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, or other derivative instruments are not deemed to constitute selling securities short.
(2) Purchase securities of open-end or closed-end investment companies except in compliance with the 1940 Act or any exemptive relief obtained thereunder.
(3) Enter into futures contracts or related options or forward contracts, if more than 30% of the Funds net assets would be represented by futures contracts or more than 5% of the Funds net assets would be committed to initial margin deposits and premiums on futures contracts and related options.
(4) Purchase securities when borrowings exceed 5% of its total assets if and so long as preferred shares are outstanding.
(5) Purchase securities of companies for the purpose of exercising control, except as otherwise permitted in the Prospectus and this SAI.
Except for the limitations on borrowings set forth in subparagraph (3), the restrictions and other limitations set forth above will apply only at the time of purchase of securities and will not be considered violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs or exists immediately after and as a result of an acquisition of securities.
The Fund applied for and obtained ratings for its Variable Rate MuniFund Term Preferred Shares (called VMTP Shares herein) from nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (NRSROs). In order to maintain the required ratings, the Fund is required to comply with investment quality, diversification and other guidelines established by such NRSROs. The guidelines are more restrictive than the restrictions set forth above, including with respect to the Funds hedging strategies. The NRSROs receive fees in connection with their ratings issuances. A description of the guidelines may be found in the Funds Statement of Preferences.
[At least six months prior to the scheduled redemption of all outstanding VMTP Shares in 2016, the Fund will maintain segregated assets rated at least investment grade (and including Deposit Securities in an amount equal to 20% of segregated assets, with 5 months remaining to the redemption date, increasing monthly up to 100% with 1 month remaining) with a market value equal to at least 110% of the liquidation preference of all outstanding VMTP Shares until the redemption of all such outstanding VMTP Shares.]
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND TECHNIQUES
The following information supplements the discussion of the Funds investment objectives, policies, and techniques that are described in the Prospectus.
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY AND PROCESS
INVESTMENT PHILOSOPHY. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the unique tax treatment of municipal securities and the structural characteristics in the municipal securities market create attractive opportunities to enhance the after-tax total return and diversification of the investment portfolios of taxable investors. Nuveen Asset Management believes that these unique characteristics also present unique risks that may be managed to realize the benefits of the asset class.
After-Tax Income Potential: The primary source of total return from municipal securities comes from the tax-exempt income derived therefrom. Nuveen Asset Management believes that, at acceptable levels of credit risk and maturity principal risk, the municipal securities market offers the potential for higher after-tax income when compared with other fixed income markets.
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Managing Multi-Faceted Risks: Risk in the municipal securities market is derived from multiple sources, including credit risk at the issuer and sector levels, structural risks such as call risk, yield curve risk, and legislative and tax-related risks. Nuveen Asset Management believes that managing these risks at both the individual security and Fund portfolio levels is an important element of realizing the after-tax income and total return potential of the asset class.
Opportunities to Identify Underrated and Undervalued Municipal Securities. Within the state and national municipal securities markets, there are issuers with a wide array of financing purposes, security terms, offering structures and credit quality. Nuveen Asset Management believes that the size, depth and other characteristics of the state and national municipal securities markets offer a broad opportunity set of individual issuers in securities that may be underrated and undervalued relative to the general market.
Market Inefficiencies: Nuveen Asset Management believes that the scale and intricacy of the municipal securities market often results in pricing anomalies and other inefficiencies that can be identified and capitalized on through trading strategies.
INVESTMENT PROCESS. Nuveen Asset Management believes that a bottom-up, value-oriented investment strategy that seeks to identify underrated and undervalued securities and sectors is positioned to capture the opportunities inherent in the municipal securities market and potentially outperform the general municipal securities market over time. The primary elements of Nuveen Asset Managements investment process are:
Credit Analysis and Surveillance: Nuveen Asset Management focuses on bottom-up, fundamental analysis of municipal securities issuers. Analysts screen each sector for issuers that meet the fundamental tests of creditworthiness and favor those securities with demonstrable growth potential, solid coverage of debt service and a priority lien on hard assets, dedicated revenue streams or tax resources. As part of Nuveen Asset Managements overall risk management process, analysts actively monitor the credit quality of portfolio holdings.
Sector Analysis: Organized by sector, analysts continually assess the key issues and trends affecting each sector in order to maintain a sector outlook. Evaluating such factors as historical default rates and average credit spreads within each sector, analysts provide top-down analysis that supports decisions to overweight or underweight a given sector in a portfolio.
Diversification: Nuveen Asset Management seeks to invest in a large number of sectors, states and specific issuers in order to help insulate a portfolio from events that affect any individual industry, geographic location or credit. Portfolio managers normally seek to limit exposure to individual credits over the long-term. Portfolio managers also seek to diversify other portfolio level risks, including exposure to calls, and to manage a portfolios interest rate sensitivity within tolerance bands relative to the relevant benchmark.
Trading Strategies: Through its trading strategies, Nuveen Asset Management seeks to enhance portfolio value by trading to take advantage of inefficiencies found in the municipal market. This may entail selling issues Nuveen Asset Management deems to be overvalued and purchasing issues Nuveen Asset Management considers to be undervalued.
Sell Discipline: Nuveen Asset Management generally sells securities when it (i) determines a security has become overvalued or over-rated, (ii) identifies credit deterioration, or (iii) modifies a portfolio strategy, such as sector allocation. Nuveen Asset Management may also sell securities when such securities exceed the portfolios diversification targets.
INVESTMENT POLICIES
It is a fundamental policy of the Fund that its investment in municipal securities paying interest that is exempt from regular federal income tax will, under normal circumstances, comprise at least 80% of the Funds Managed Assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes.
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The Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining compliance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act.
Up to 20% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. For a discussion of how the federal alternative minimum tax may affect shareholders, see Tax Matters.
Under normal circumstances, the Fund will invest at least 50% of its Managed Assets in investment grade securities that, at the time of investment, are rated within the four highest grades (Baa or BBB or better) by all NRSROs or are unrated but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in municipal securities that at the time of investment are rated below investment grade or are unrated by all NRSROs but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. No more than 10% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities rated below B3/B- by any NRSROs that rate the security or that are unrated by all NRSROs, but judged to be of comparable quality by Nuveen Asset Management. Municipal securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal, and are commonly referred to as junk bonds. The Fund may invest up to 15% of its Managed Assets in inverse floating rate securities.
As of October 31, 2016, approximately 53% of the Funds total investment exposure were invested in municipal securities rated investment grade (using the lower of Standard & Poors Corporation Ratings Group, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies (S&P), Moodys Investor Services, Inc. (Moodys) or Fitch Ratings, Inc. (Fitch) rating). The relative percentages of the value of the investments attributable to investment grade municipal securities and to below investment grade municipal securities could change over time as a result of rebalancing the Funds assets by Nuveen Asset Management, market value fluctuations, issuance of additional shares and other events.
Municipal securities are either general obligation or revenue bonds and typically are issued to finance public projects (such as roads or public buildings), to pay general operating expenses, or to refinance outstanding debt.
Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of or for private activities, such as housing, medical and educational facility construction, or for privately owned industrial development and pollution control projects. General obligation bonds are backed by the full faith and credit, or taxing authority, of the issuer and may be repaid from any revenue source; revenue bonds may be repaid only from the revenues of a specific facility or source. The Fund may also purchase municipal securities that represent lease obligations, municipal notes, pre-refunded municipal securities, private activity bonds, tender option bonds and other related securities and derivative instruments that create exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities and that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax.
Municipal securities of below investment grade quality (Ba/BB or below) are commonly referred to as junk bonds. Issuers of securities rated Ba/BB or B are regarded as having current capacity to make principal and interest payments but are subject to business, financial or economic conditions which could adversely affect such payment capacity. Municipal securities rated Baa or BBB are considered investment grade securities; municipal securities rated Baa are considered medium grade obligations which lack outstanding investment characteristics and have speculative characteristics, while municipal securities rated BBB are regarded as having adequate capacity to pay principal and interest. Municipal securities rated Aaa or AAA in which the Fund may invest may have been so rated on the basis of the existence of insurance guaranteeing the timely payment, when due, of all principal and interest. Municipal securities rated below investment grade quality are obligations of issuers that are considered predominately speculative with respect to the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal according to the terms of the obligation and, therefore, carry greater investment risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy and increased market price volatility. Municipal securities rated below investment grade tend to be less marketable than higher-quality securities because the market for them is
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less broad. The market for unrated municipal securities is even narrower. During periods of thin trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly and the Fund may have greater difficulty selling its portfolio securities. The Fund will be more dependent on Nuveen Asset Managements research and analysis when investing in these securities.
The Fund may invest in distressed securities, which are securities issued by companies that are involved in bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings or are experiencing other financial difficulties at the time of acquisition by the Fund. The issuers of such securities may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. These characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic climate, economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Distressed securities frequently do not produce income while they are outstanding and may require the Fund to bear certain extraordinary expenses in order to protect and recover its investment.
Investments in lower rated or unrated securities may present special tax issues for the Fund to the extent that the issuers of these securities default on their obligations pertaining thereto, and the federal income tax consequences to the Fund as a holder of such distressed securities may not be clear.
A general description of Moodys, S&Ps and Fitchs ratings of municipal securities is set forth in Appendix A hereto. The ratings of Moodys, S&P and Fitch represent their opinions as to the quality of the municipal securities they rate. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, municipal securities with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield.
A municipal securitys market value generally will depend upon its form, maturity, call features, and interest rate, as well as the credit quality of the issuer, all such factors examined in the context of the municipal securities market and interest rate levels and trends.
The Fund will primarily invest in municipal securities with long-term maturities in order to maintain a average effective maturity of 15 to 30 years, but the average effective maturity of obligations held by the Fund may be shorter, depending on market conditions. As of June 30, 2017, the effective maturity of the Funds portfolio was 22.44 years. As a result, the Funds portfolio at any given time may include both long-term and intermediate-term municipal securities. Moreover, during temporary defensive periods (e.g., times when, in Nuveen Asset Managements opinion, temporary imbalances of supply and demand or other temporary dislocations in the tax-exempt securities market adversely affect the price at which long-term or intermediate-term municipal securities are available), and in order to keep the Funds cash fully invested, including the period during which the net proceeds of an offering are being invested, the Fund may invest any percentage of its net assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. The Fund intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt short-term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. Tax-exempt short-term investments include various obligations issued by state and local governmental issuers, such as tax-exempt notes (bond anticipation notes, tax anticipation notes and revenue anticipation notes or other such municipal bonds maturing in three years or less from the date of issuance) and municipal commercial paper. The Fund will invest only in taxable short-term investments which are U.S. government securities or securities rated within the highest grade by Moodys, S&P or Fitch, and which mature within one year from the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest. See Appendix A for a general description of Moodys, S&Ps and Fitchs ratings of securities in such categories. Taxable short-term investments of the Fund may include certificates of deposit issued by U.S. banks with assets of at least $1 billion, or commercial paper or corporate notes, bonds or debentures with a remaining maturity of one year or less, or repurchase agreements. See Investment Policies and
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Techniques. To the extent the Fund invests in taxable investments, the Fund will not at such times be in a position to achieve its investment objective of tax-exempt income.
The foregoing policies as to ratings of portfolio investments will apply only at the time of the purchase of a security, and the Fund will not be required to dispose of securities in the event Moodys, S&P or Fitch downgrades its assessment of the credit characteristics of a particular issuer.
Obligations of issuers of municipal securities are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978. In addition, the obligations of such issuers may become subject to the laws enacted in the future by Congress, state legislatures or referenda extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon municipalities to levy taxes. There is also the possibility that, as a result of legislation or other conditions, the power or ability of any issuer to pay, when due, the principal of and interest on its municipal securities may be materially affected.
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in municipal securities in any one industry or in any one state of origin. In addition, subject to the concentration limits of the Funds investment policies and guidelines, the Fund may invest a significant portion of its total assets in certain sectors of the municipal securities market, such as revenue obligations of hospitals and other health care facilities, special taxing districts, securities issued to finance charter schools and other private educational facilities, municipal utility securities, industrial development bonds and other private activity bonds. Subject to the availability of suitable investment opportunities, NFALLC will attempt to minimize the sensitivity of the Funds portfolio to credit and other risks associated with a particular sector or industry. However, if the Fund invests a significant portion of its Managed Assets in the segments noted above, the Fund will be more susceptible to economic, business, political, regulatory and other developments generally affecting issuers in such segments of the municipal securities market. To the extent that the Fund focuses its Managed Assets in the hospital and healthcare facilities sector, the Fund will be subject to risks associated with such sector, including adverse government regulation and reduction in reimbursement rates, as well as government approval of products and services and intense competition. Securities issued to finance charter schools and other private educational facilities will be subject to various risks, including the reversal of legislation authorizing or funding charter schools, the failure to renew or secure a charter, the failure of a funding entity to appropriate necessary funds and competition from alternatives such as voucher programs. Issuers of municipal utility securities can be significantly affected by government regulation, financing difficulties, supply and demand of services or fuel and natural resource conservation.
Up to 20% of the Funds Managed Assets may be invested in municipal securities subject to the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. Special federal alternative minimum tax rules apply to corporate investors. For a discussion of how the federal alternative minimum tax may affect shareholders, see Tax Matters.
Upon NFALLCs recommendation, during temporary defensive periods and in order to keep the Funds cash fully invested, including the period during which the net proceeds of an offering of Common Shares or preferred shares are being invested, the Fund may deviate from its investment objectives and invest up to 100% of its Managed Assets in short-term investments including high quality, short-term securities that may be either tax-exempt or taxable. To the extent the Fund invests in taxable short-term investments, the Fund will not at such times be in a position to achieve that portion of its investment objective of seeking current income exempt from regular federal income tax. For further information, see Short-Term Investments below.
General. The Fund may invest in various municipal securities, including municipal bonds and notes, other securities issued to finance and refinance public projects, and other related securities and derivative instruments creating exposure to municipal bonds, notes and securities that provide for the payment of interest income that is exempt from regular federal income tax. Municipal securities are often issued by state and local governmental entities to finance or refinance public projects such as roads, schools, and water supply systems. Municipal securities may also be issued on behalf of private entities or for private activities, such as housing, medical and
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educational facility construction, or for privately owned transportation, electric utility and pollution control projects. Municipal securities may be issued on a long term basis to provide permanent financing. The repayment of such debt may be secured generally by a pledge of the full faith and credit taxing power of the issuer, a limited or special tax, or any other revenue source, including project revenues, which may include tolls, fees and other user charges, lease payments and mortgage payments. Municipal securities may also be issued to finance projects on a short-term interim basis, anticipating repayment with the proceeds of the later issuance of long-term debt. The Fund may purchase municipal securities in the form of bonds, notes, leases or certificates of participation; structured as callable or non-callable; with payment forms including fixed coupon, variable rate, zero coupon, capital appreciation bonds, tender option bonds, and residual interest bonds or inverse floating rate securities; or acquired through investments in pooled vehicles, partnerships or other investment companies. Inverse floating rate securities are securities that pay interest at rates that vary inversely with changes in prevailing short-term tax-exempt interest rates and represent a leveraged investment in an underlying municipal security, which could have the economic effect of financial leverage.
Municipal Leases and Certificates of Participation. Also included within the general category of municipal securities described in the Prospectus are municipal leases, certificates of participation in such lease obligations or installment purchase contract obligations (hereinafter collectively called Municipal Lease Obligations) of municipal authorities or entities. Although a Municipal Lease Obligation does not constitute a general obligation of the municipality for which the municipalitys taxing power is pledged, a Municipal Lease Obligation is ordinarily backed by the municipalitys covenant to budget for, appropriate and make the payments due under the Municipal Lease Obligation. However, certain Municipal Lease Obligations contain non-appropriation clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. In the case of a non-appropriation lease, the Funds ability to recover under the lease in the event of non-appropriation or default will be limited solely to the repossession of the leased property, without recourse to the general credit of the lessee, and disposition or releasing of the property might prove difficult. In order to reduce this risk, the Fund will only purchase Municipal Lease Obligations where Nuveen Asset Management believes the issuer has a strong incentive to continue making appropriations until maturity.
Pre-Refunded Municipal Securities. The principal of and interest on pre-refunded municipal securities are no longer paid from the original revenue source for the securities. Instead, the source of such payments is typically an escrow fund consisting of U.S. government securities. The assets in the escrow fund are derived from the proceeds of refunding bonds issued by the same issuer as the pre-refunded municipal securities. Issuers of municipal securities use this advance refunding technique to obtain more favorable terms with respect to securities that are not yet subject to call or redemption by the issuer. For example, advance refunding enables an issuer to refinance debt at lower market interest rates, restructure debt to improve cash flow or eliminate restrictive covenants in the indenture or other governing instrument for the pre-refunded municipal securities. However, except for a change in the revenue source from which principal and interest payments are made, the pre-refunded municipal securities remain outstanding on their original terms until they mature or are redeemed by the issuer.
Private Activity Bonds. Private activity bonds, formerly referred to as industrial development bonds, are issued by or on behalf of public authorities to obtain funds to provide privately operated housing facilities, airport, mass transit or port facilities, sewage disposal, solid waste disposal or hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas or electricity. Other types of private activity bonds, the proceeds of which are used for the construction, equipment, repair or improvement of privately operated industrial or commercial facilities, may constitute municipal securities, although the current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of such issues. The Funds distributions of its interest income from private activity bonds may subject certain investors to the federal alternative minimum tax.
Special Taxing Districts. Special taxing districts are organized to plan and finance infrastructure development to induce residential, commercial and industrial growth and redevelopment. The bond financing methods such as tax increment finance, tax assessment, special services district and Mello-Roos bonds, are
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generally payable solely from taxes or other revenues attributable to the specific projects financed by the bonds without recourse to the credit or taxing power of related or overlapping municipalities. They often are exposed to real estate development-related risks and can have more taxpayer concentration risk than general tax-supported bonds, such as general obligation bonds. Further, the fees, special taxes, or tax allocations and other revenues that are established to secure such financings are generally limited as to the rate or amount that may be levied or assessed and are not subject to increase pursuant to rate covenants or municipal or corporate guarantees. The bonds could default if development failed to progress as anticipated or if larger taxpayers failed to pay the assessments, fees and taxes as provided in the financing plans of the districts.
HEDGING STRATEGIES AND OTHER USES OF DERIVATIVES
The Fund may periodically engage in hedging transactions, and otherwise use various types of derivative instruments, described below, to reduce risk, to effectively gain particular market exposures, to seek to enhance returns, and to reduce transaction costs, among other reasons. The Fund will value derivative instruments at market/fair value for purposes of calculating compliance with the Funds 80% investment policy in investments the income from which is exempt from regular federal income tax.
Hedging is a term used for various methods of seeking to preserve portfolio capital value by offsetting price changes in one investment through making another investment whose price should tend to move in the opposite direction.
A derivative is a financial contract whose value is based on (or derived from) a traditional security (such as a stock or a bond), an asset (such as a commodity like gold), or a market index (such as the Lehman Municipal Bond Index). Some forms of derivatives may trade on exchanges, while non-standardized derivatives, which tend to be more specialized and complex, trade in over-the-counter or a one-on-one basis. It may be desirable and possible in various market environments to partially hedge the portfolio against fluctuations in market value due to market interest rate or credit quality fluctuations, or instead to gain a desired investment exposure, by entering into various types of derivative transactions, including financial futures and index futures as well as related put and call options on such instruments, structured notes, or interest rate swaps on taxable or tax-exempt securities or indexes (which may be forward-starting), credit default swaps, and options on interest rate swaps, among others.
These transactions present certain risks. In particular, the imperfect correlation between price movements in the futures contract and price movements in the securities being hedged creates the possibility that losses on the hedge by a Fund may be greater than gains in the value of the securities in the Funds portfolio. In addition, futures and options markets may not be liquid in all circumstances. As a result, in volatile markets, the Fund may not be able to close out the transaction without incurring losses substantially greater than the initial deposit. Finally, the potential deposit requirements in futures contracts create an ongoing greater potential financial risk than do options transactions, where the exposure is limited to the cost of the initial premium. Losses due to hedging transactions will reduce yield. Net gains, if any, from hedging and other portfolio transactions will be distributed as taxable distributions to shareholders. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies will generate taxable income.
The Fund will invest in these instruments only in markets believed by Nuveen Asset Management to be active and sufficiently liquid. Successful implementation of most hedging strategies will generate taxable income.
Swap Transactions. The Fund may enter into total return, interest rate and credit default swap agreements and interest rate caps, floors and collars. The Fund may also enter into options on the foregoing types of swap agreements (swap options).
The Fund may enter into swap transactions for any purpose consistent with its investment objective, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain or preserve a particular return or spread at a lower cost than obtaining a
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return or spread through purchases and/or sales of instruments in other markets, as a duration management technique, to reduce risk arising from the ownership of a particular instrument, or to gain exposure to certain sectors or markets in the most economical way possible.
Swap agreements are two party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for a specified period of time. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular predetermined asset, reference rate or index. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are generally calculated with respect to a notional amount, e.g., the return on or increase in value of a particular dollar amount invested at a particular interest rate or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. The notional amount of the swap agreement generally is only used as a basis upon which to calculate the obligations that the parties to the swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The Funds current obligations under a net swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to the Fund) and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be covered by assets determined to be liquid by Nuveen Asset Management. See Segregation of Assets below.
Some, but not all, swaps may be cleared, in which case a central clearing counterparty stands between each buyer and seller and effectively guarantees performance of each contract, to the extent of its available resources for such purpose. Uncleared swaps have no such protection; each party bears the risk that its direct counterparty will default.
Interest Rate Swaps, Caps, Collars and Floors. Interest rate swaps are bilateral contracts in which each party agrees to make periodic payments to the other party based on different referenced interest rates (e.g., a fixed rate and a floating rate) applied to a specified notional amount. The purchase of an interest rate floor entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate floor. The purchase of an interest rate cap entitles the purchaser, to the extent that a specified index rises above a predetermined interest rate, to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the party selling such interest rate cap. Interest rate collars involve selling a cap and purchasing a floor or vice versa to protect the Fund against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels.
Depending on the state of interest rates in general, the Funds use of interest rate swaps could enhance or harm the overall performance of Common Shares. To the extent interest rates decline, the value of the interest rate swap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net asset value of Common Shares. In addition, if the counterparty to an interest rate swap defaults, the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the swap to offset the interest payments on borrowings or the dividend payments on any outstanding preferred shares. Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the swap, which in turn would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates at that point in time, such a default could negatively impact the performance of Common Shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund would not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement would not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance of Common Shares. The Fund could be required to prepay the principal amount of any borrowings. Such redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap transaction. Early termination of a swap could result in a termination payment by or to the Fund.
Total Return Swaps. In a total return swap, one party agrees to pay the other the total return of a defined underlying asset during a specified period, in return for periodic payments based on a fixed or variable interest rate or the total return from other underlying assets. A total return swap may be applied to any underlying asset but is most commonly used with equity indices, single stocks, bonds and defined baskets of loans and mortgages. The Fund might enter into a total return swap involving an underlying index or basket of securities to create exposure to a potentially widely-diversified range of securities in a single trade. An index total return swap can be used by Nuveen Asset Management to assume risk, without the complications of buying the component securities from what may not always be the most liquid of markets.
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Credit Default Swaps. A credit default swap is a bilateral contract that enables an investor to buy or sell protection against a defined-issuer credit event. The Fund may enter into credit default swap agreements either as a buyer or a seller. The Fund may buy protection to attempt to mitigate the risk of default or credit quality deterioration in an individual security or a segment of the fixed income securities market to which it has exposure, or to take a short position in individual bonds or market segments which it does not own. The Fund may sell protection in an attempt to gain exposure to the credit quality characteristics of particular bonds or market segments without investing directly in those bonds or market segments.
As the buyer of protection in a credit default swap, the Fund would pay a premium (by means of an upfront payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement) in return for the right to deliver a referenced bond or group of bonds to the protection seller and receive the full notional or par value (or other agreed upon value) upon a default (or similar event) by the issuer(s) of the underlying referenced obligation(s). If no default occurs, the protection seller would keep the stream of payments and would have no further obligation to the Fund. Thus, the cost to the Fund would be the premium paid with respect to the agreement. If a credit event occurs, however, the Fund may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. The Fund bears the risk that the protection seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations.
If the Fund is a seller of protection in a credit default swap and no credit event occurs, the Fund would generally receive an up-front payment or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap. If a credit event occurs, however, generally the Fund would have to pay the buyer the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity that may have little or no value. As the protection seller, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. Thus, the Fund bears the same risk as it would by buying the reference obligations directly, plus the additional risks related to obtaining investment exposure through a derivative instrument discussed below under Risks Associated with Swap Transactions.
Swap Options. A swap option is a contract that gives a counterparty the right (but not the obligation), in return for payment of a premium, to enter into a new swap agreement or to shorten, extend, cancel, or otherwise modify an existing swap agreement at some designated future time on specified terms. A cash-settled option on a swap gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to receive an amount of cash equal to the value of the underlying swap as of the exercise date. The Fund may write (sell) and purchase put and call swap options. Depending on the terms of the particular option agreement, the Fund generally would incur a greater degree of risk when it writes a swap option than when it purchases a swap option. When the Fund purchases a swap option, it risks losing only the amount of the premium it has paid should it decide to let the option expire unexercised. However, when the Fund writes a swap option, upon exercise of the option the Fund would become obligated according to the terms of the underlying agreement.
Risks Associated with Swap Transactions. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity which involves strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. If Nuveen Asset Management is incorrect in its forecasts of default risks, market spreads or other applicable factors or events, the investment performance of the Fund would diminish compared with what it would have been if these techniques were not used. As the protection seller in a credit default swap, the Fund effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to being subject to investment exposure on its total net assets, the Fund is subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. The Fund generally may only close out a swap, cap, floor, collar or other two-party contract with its particular counterparty, and generally may only transfer a position with the consent of that counterparty. In addition, the price at which the Fund may close out such a two party contract may not correlate with the price change in the underlying reference asset. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Fund will succeed in enforcing its rights. It also is possible that developments in the derivatives market, including changes in government regulation, could
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adversely affect the Funds ability to terminate existing swap or other agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such agreements.
Futures and Options on Futures. A futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security, index or interest rate (each a financial instrument) for a set price on a future date. Certain futures contracts, such as futures contracts relating to individual securities, call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument. However, these contracts generally are closed out before delivery by entering into an offsetting purchase or sale of a matching futures contract (same exchange, underlying financial instrument, and delivery month). Other futures contracts, such as futures contracts on interest rates and indices, do not call for making or taking delivery of the underlying financial instrument, but rather are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of the financial instrument at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the contract was originally written. These contracts also may be settled by entering into an offsetting futures contract.
Unlike when the Fund purchases or sells a security, no price is paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the futures broker, known as a futures commission merchant (FCM), an amount of cash or securities equal to a varying specified percentage of the contract amount. This amount is known as initial margin. The margin deposit is intended to ensure completion of the contract. Minimum initial margin requirements are established by the futures exchanges and may be revised. In addition, FCMs may establish margin deposit requirements that are higher than the exchange minimums. Cash held in the margin account generally is not income producing. However, couponbearing securities, such as Treasury securities, held in margin accounts generally will earn income. Subsequent payments to and from the FCM, called variation margin, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying financial instrument fluctuates, making the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking the contract to market. Changes in variation margin are recorded by the Fund as unrealized gains or losses. At any time prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position that will operate to terminate its position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Fund, and the Fund realizes a gain or loss. In the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of an FCM that holds margin on behalf of the Fund, the Fund may be entitled to the return of margin owed to it only in proportion to the amount received by the FCMs other customers, potentially resulting in losses to the Fund. Futures transactions also involve brokerage costs and the Fund may have to segregate additional liquid assets in accordance with applicable SEC requirements. See Segregation of Assets below.
A futures option gives the purchaser of such option the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a long position (call) or short position (put) in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of a call option, the purchaser acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. Upon the exercise of a put option, the opposite is true.
The requirements for qualification as a regulated investment company may also limit the extent to which the Fund may invest in futures, options on futures and swaps. See Tax Matters.
NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management may use derivative instruments to seek to enhance return, to hedge some of the risk of the Funds investments in municipal securities or as a substitute for a position in the underlying asset. These types of strategies may generate taxable income.
There is no assurance that these derivative strategies will be available at any time or that NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management will determine to use them for the Fund or, if used, that the strategies will be successful. For further information regarding these investment strategies and risks presented thereby, See Appendix B to this SAI.
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ILLIQUID SECURITIES
The Fund may invest in illiquid securities (i.e., securities that are not readily marketable), including, but not limited to, restricted securities (securities the disposition of which is restricted under the federal securities laws), securities that may be resold only pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933 (1933 Act) that are deemed to be illiquid, and certain repurchase agreements.
Restricted securities may be sold only in privately negotiated transactions or in a public offering with respect to which a registration statement is in effect under the 1933 Act. Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses and a considerable period may elapse between the time of the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than that which prevailed when it decided to sell. To the extent that the Board or its delegatee determines that the price of any illiquid security provided by the pricing service is inappropriate, such security will be priced at a fair value as determined in good faith by the Board or its delegatee.
INVERSE FLOATING RATE SECURITIES AND FLOATING RATE SECURITIES
Inverse Floating Rate Securities. Inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters) are securities whose interest rates bear an inverse relationship to the interest rate on another security or the value of an index. Generally, inverse floating rate securities represent beneficial interests in a special purpose trust formed by a third party sponsor for the purpose of holding municipal bonds. The special purpose trust typically sells two classes of beneficial interests or securities: floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as short-term floaters or tender option bonds) and inverse floating rate securities (sometimes referred to as inverse floaters or residual interest securities). Both classes of beneficial interests are represented by certificates. The short-term floating rate securities have first priority on the cash flow from the municipal bonds held by the special purpose trust. Typically, a third party, such as a bank, broker-dealer or other financial institution, grants the floating rate security holders the option, at periodic intervals, to tender their securities to the institution and receive the face value thereof. As consideration for providing the option, the financial institution receives periodic fees. The holder of the short-term floater effectively holds a demand obligation that bears interest at the prevailing short-term, tax-exempt rate. However, the institution granting the tender option will not be obligated to accept tendered short-term floaters in the event of certain defaults or a significant downgrade in the credit rating assigned to the bond issuer. For its inverse floating rate investment, the Fund receives the residual cash flow from the special purpose trust. Because the holder of the short-term floater is generally assured liquidity at the face value of the security, the Fund as the holder of the inverse floater assumes the interest rate cash flow risk and the market value risk associated with the municipal security deposited into the special purpose trust. The volatility of the interest cash flow and the residual market value will vary with the degree to which the trust is leveraged. This is expressed in the ratio of the total face value of the short-term floaters in relation to the value of the residual inverse floaters that are issued by the special purpose trust. The Fund expects to make limited investments in inverse floaters, with leverage ratios that may vary at inception between one and three times. In addition, all voting rights and decisions to be made with respect to any other rights relating to the municipal bonds held in the special purpose trust are passed through to the Fund, as the holder of the residual inverse floating rate securities. Because increases in the interest rate on the short-term floaters reduce the residual interest paid on inverse floaters, and because fluctuations in the value of the municipal bond deposited in the special purpose trust affect the value of the inverse floater only, and not the value of the short-term floater issued by the trust, inverse floaters value is generally more volatile than that of fixed rate bonds. The market price of inverse floating rate securities is generally more volatile than the underlying securities due to the leveraging effect of this ownership structure. These securities generally will underperform the market of fixed rate bonds in a rising interest rate environment (i.e., when bond values are falling), but tend to outperform the market of fixed rate bonds when interest rates decline or remain relatively stable. Although volatile, inverse floaters typically offer the potential exceeding the yields available on fixed rate bonds with comparable credit quality, coupon, call provisions and maturity. Inverse floaters have varying degrees of liquidity based upon, among other things, the liquidity of the underlying securities deposited in a special purpose trust.
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The Fund may invest in inverse floating rate securities, issued by special purpose trusts that have recourse to the Fund. In Nuveen Asset Managements discretion, the Fund may enter into a separate shortfall and forbearance agreement with the third party sponsor of a special purpose trust. The Fund may enter into such recourse agreements (i) when the liquidity provider to the special purpose trust requires such an agreement because the level of leverage in the trust exceeds the level that the liquidity provider is willing to support absent such an agreement; and/or (ii) to seek to prevent the liquidity provider from collapsing the trust in the event that the municipal obligation held in the trust has declined in value. Such an agreement would require the Fund to reimburse the third party sponsor of such inverse floater, upon termination of the trust issuing the inverse floater, the difference between the liquidation value of the bonds held in the trust and the principal amount due to the holders of floating rate interests. Such agreements may expose the Fund to a risk of loss that exceeds its investment in the inverse floating rate securities. The Fund will segregate or earmark liquid assets with its custodian in accordance with the 1940 Act to cover its obligations with respect to its investments in special purpose trusts. Absent a shortfall and forbearance agreement, the Fund would not be required to make such a reimbursement. If the Fund chooses not to enter into such an agreement, the special purpose trust could be liquidated and the Fund could incur a loss. See also Segregation of Assets in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in both inverse floating rate securities and floating rate securities (as discussed below) issued by the same special purpose trust.
Investments in inverse floating rate securities have the economic effect of leverage. The use of leverage creates special risks for Common Shareholders. See the Prospectus under Risk FactorsInverse Floating Rate Securities Risk.
Floating Rate Securities. The Fund may also invest in floating rate securities, as described above, issued by special purpose trusts. Floating rate securities may take the form of short-term floating rate securities or the option period may be substantially longer. Generally, the interest rate earned will be based upon the market rates for municipal securities with maturities or remarketing provisions that are comparable in duration to the periodic interval of the tender option, which may vary from weekly, to monthly, to extended periods of one year or multiple years. Since the option feature has a shorter term than the final maturity or first call date of the underlying bond deposited in the trust, the Fund as the holder of the floating rate security relies upon the terms of the agreement with the financial institution furnishing the option as well as the credit strength of that institution. As further assurance of liquidity, the terms of the trust provide for a liquidation of the municipal security deposited in the trust and the application of the proceeds to pay off the floating rate security. The trusts that are organized to issue both short-term floating rate securities and inverse floaters generally include liquidation triggers to protect the investor in the floating rate security.
OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
The Fund may invest in securities of other open or closed-end investment companies (including exchange-traded funds (ETFs)) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. In addition, the Fund may invest a portion of its Managed Assets in pooled investment vehicles (other than investment companies) that invest primarily in municipal securities of the types in which the Fund may invest directly. The Fund generally expects that it may invest in other investment companies and/or other pooled investment vehicles either during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested cash, such as the period shortly after the Fund receives the proceeds of an offering of its Common Shares or borrowing or during periods when there is a shortage of attractive, high-yielding municipal securities available in the market. The Fund may invest in investment companies that are advised by NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management or their respective affiliates to the extent permitted by applicable law and/or pursuant to exemptive relief from the SEC. As a stockholder in an investment company, the Fund will bear its ratable share of that investment companys expenses and would remain subject to payment of the Funds management, advisory and administrative fees with respect to assets so invested. Common Shareholders would therefore be subject to duplicative expenses to the extent the Fund invests in other investment companies. The Fund will consider the investments of underlying
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investment companies when determining compliance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act. Moreover, the Fund will consider the investments of underlying investment companies when determining compliance with its own concentration policy, to the extent the Fund has sufficent information about such investments.
NFALLC will take expenses into account when evaluating the investment merits of an investment in an investment company relative to available municipal security investments. In addition, the securities of other investment companies may also be leveraged and will therefore be subject to the same leverage risks described herein. As described in the Funds Prospectus, the net asset value and market value of leveraged shares will be more volatile and the yield to Common Shareholders will tend to fluctuate more than the yield generated by unleveraged shares.
PORTFOLIO TRADING AND TURNOVER RATE
The Fund may engage in portfolio trading when considered appropriate, but short-term trading will not be used as the primary means of achieving the Funds investment objectives. Although the Fund cannot accurately predict its annual portfolio turnover rate, it is generally not expected to exceed 25% under normal circumstances. For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 11%. However, there are no limits on the Funds rate of portfolio turnover, and investments may be sold without regard to length of time held when, in NFALLCs opinion, investment considerations warrant such action. A higher portfolio turnover rate would result in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. Although these commissions and expenses are not reflected in the Funds Total Annual Expenses as disclosed in the Prospectus, they will be reflected in the Funds total return. In addition, high portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. See Tax Matters.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
As temporary investments, the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of securities (U.S. government securities or municipal securities) agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the parties. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Funds holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. Income generated from transactions in repurchase agreements will be taxable. See Tax Matters for information relating to the allocation of taxable income between common shares and VMTP Shares. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of Nuveen Asset Management, present minimal credit risk. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines, and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral by the Fund may be delayed or limited. Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, Nuveen Asset Management will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
SEGREGATION OF ASSETS
As a closed-end investment company registered with the SEC, the Fund is subject to the federal securities laws, including the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and various interpretive provisions of the SEC and its staff. In
15
accordance with these laws, rules and positions, the Fund must set aside (often referred to as asset segregation) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC or staff-approved measures, to cover open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivatives instruments. In the case of forward currency contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, for example, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to such contracts full notional value while the positions are open. With respect to forward currency contracts that are contractually required to cash settle, however, the Fund is permitted to set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Funds daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Funds daily net liability) under the contracts, if any, rather than such contracts full notional value. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future to comply with any changes in the positions from time to time articulated by the SEC or its staff regarding asset segregation.
To the extent the Fund uses its assets to cover its obligations as required by the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder, and applicable provisions of the SEC and its staff, such assets may not be used to cover other obligations. As a result of their segregation, such assets may not be used for other operational purposes. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management will monitor the Funds use of derivatives and will take action as necessary for the purpose of complying with the asset segregation policy stated above. Such actions may include the sale of the Funds portfolio investments.
SHORT-TERM INVESTMENTS
Short-Term Taxable Fixed Income Securities
For temporary defensive purposes or to keep cash on hand fully invested, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its net assets in cash equivalents and short- term taxable fixed-income securities, although the Fund intends to invest in taxable short-term investments only in the event that suitable tax-exempt short- term investments are not available at reasonable prices and yields. Short-term taxable fixed income investments are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
(1) U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government agency securities include securities issued by (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, and the Government National Mortgage Association, whose securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks*, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, and the Tennessee Valley Authority, whose securities are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association*, whose securities are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, whose securities are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies, and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate.
(2) Certificates of Deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return, and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Under current Federal Deposit Insurance Company regulations, the maximum insurance payable as to any one certificate of deposit is $250,000; therefore, certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured.
* | These securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States Government. |
16
(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. Nuveen Asset Management monitors the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. Nuveen Asset Management does so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.
(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. Nuveen Asset Management will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow, and other liquidity measures) and will continuously monitor the corporations ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Funds liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Short-Term Tax-Exempt Municipal Securities
Short-term tax-exempt municipal securities are securities that are exempt from regular federal income tax and mature within three years or less from the date of issuance. Short-term tax-exempt municipal income securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
Bond Anticipation Notes (BANs) are usually general obligations of state and local governmental issuers which are sold to obtain interim financing for projects that will eventually be funded through the sale of long-term debt obligations or bonds. The ability of an issuer to meet its obligations on its BANs is primarily dependent on the issuers access to the long-term municipal bond market and the likelihood that the proceeds of such bond sales will be used to pay the principal and interest on the BANs.
Tax Anticipation Notes (TANs) are issued by state and local governments to finance the current operations of such governments. Repayment is generally to be derived from specific future tax revenues. TANs are usually general obligations of the issuer. A weakness in an issuers capacity to raise taxes due to, among other things, a decline in its tax base or a rise in delinquencies, could adversely affect the issuers ability to meet its obligations on outstanding TANs.
Revenue Anticipation Notes (RANs) are issued by governments or governmental bodies with the expectation that future revenues from a designated source will be used to repay the notes. In general, they also constitute general obligations of the issuer. A decline in the receipt of projected revenues, such as anticipated revenues from another level of government, could adversely affect an issuers ability to meet its obligations on
17
outstanding RANs. In addition, the possibility that the revenues would, when received, be used to meet other obligations could affect the ability of the issuer to pay the principal and interest on RANs.
Construction Loan Notes are issued to provide construction financing for specific projects. Frequently, these notes are redeemed with funds obtained from the Federal Housing Administration.
Bank Notes are notes issued by local government bodies and agencies, such as those described above to commercial banks as evidence of borrowings. The purposes for which the notes are issued are varied but they are frequently issued to meet short-term working capital or capital-project needs. These notes may have risks similar to the risks associated with TANs and RANs.
Tax-Exempt Commercial Paper (Municipal Paper) represents very short-term unsecured, negotiable promissory notes issued by states, municipalities and their agencies. Payment of principal and interest on issues of municipal paper may be made from various sources, to the extent the funds are available therefrom. Maturities of municipal paper generally will be shorter than the maturities of TANs, BANs or RANs. There is a limited secondary market for issues of Municipal Paper.
Certain municipal securities may carry variable or floating rates of interest whereby the rate of interest is not fixed but varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as a bank prime rate or a tax-exempt money market index.
While the various types of notes described above as a group represent the major portion of the short-term tax-exempt note market, other types of notes are available in the marketplace and the Fund may invest in such other types of notes to the extent permitted under its investment objectives, policies and limitations. Such notes may be issued for different purposes and may be secured differently from those mentioned above.
AUCTION RATE SECURITIES
Municipal securities also include auction rate municipal securities and auction rate preferred securities issued by closed-end investment companies that invest primarily in municipal securities (collectively, auction rate securities). In recent market environments, auctions have failed, which adversely affects the liquidity and price of auction rate securities, and are unlikely to resume. Provided that the auction mechanism is successful, auction rate securities usually permit the holder to sell the securities in an auction at par value at specified intervals. The dividend is reset by Dutch auction in which bids are made by broker-dealers and other institutions for a certain amount of securities at a specified minimum yield. The dividend rate set by the auction is the lowest interest or dividend rate that covers all securities offered for sale. While this process is designed to permit auction rate securities to be traded at par value, there is a risk that an auction will fail due to insufficient demand for the securities. Moreover, between auctions, there may be no secondary market for these securities, and sales conducted on a secondary market may not be on terms favorable to the seller. Auction rate securities may be called by the issuer. Thus, with respect to liquidity and price stability, auction rate securities may differ substantially from cash equivalents, notwithstanding the frequency of auctions and the credit quality of the security. The Funds investments in auction rate securities of closed-end funds are subject to the limitations prescribed by the 1940 Act. The Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any management and other fees paid by such closed-end funds in addition to the advisory fees payable directly by the Fund.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS
The Fund may buy and sell municipal securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, making payment or taking delivery at a later date, normally within 15-45 days of the trade date. On such transactions the payment obligation and the interest rate are fixed at the time the buyer enters into the commitment. Beginning on the date the Fund enters into a commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, the Fund is required under rules of the SEC to maintain in a separate account liquid assets, consisting of cash, cash
18
equivalents or liquid securities having a market value, at all times, of at least equal to the amount of the commitment. Income generated by any such assets which provide taxable income for federal income tax purposes is includable in the taxable income of the Fund and, to the extent distributed, will be taxable distributions to shareholders. The Fund may enter into contracts to purchase municipal securities on a forward basis (i.e., where settlement will occur more than 60 days from the date of the transaction) only to the extent that the Fund specifically collateralizes such obligations with a security that is expected to be called or mature within sixty days before or after the settlement date of the forward transaction. The commitment to purchase securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward basis may involve an element of risk because no interest accrues on the bonds prior to settlement and at the time of delivery the market value may be less than their cost.
ZERO COUPON BONDS
A zero coupon bond is a bond that typically does not pay interest either for the entire life of the obligation or for an initial period after the issuance of the obligation. When held to its maturity, the holder receives the par value of the zero coupon bond, which generates a return equal to the difference between the purchase price and its maturity value. A zero coupon bond is normally issued and traded at a deep discount from face value. This original issue discount (OID) approximates the total amount of interest the security will accrue and compound prior to its maturity and reflects the payment deferral and credit risk associated with the instrument. Because zero coupon securities and other OID instruments do not pay cash interest at regular intervals, the instruments ongoing accruals require ongoing judgments concerning the collectability of deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral. As a result, these securities may be subject to greater value fluctuations and less liquidity in the event of adverse market conditions than comparably rated securities that pay cash on a current basis. Because zero coupon bonds, and OID instruments generally, allow an issuer to avoid or delay the need to generate cash to meet current interest payments, they may involve greater payment deferral and credit risk than coupon loans and bonds that pay interest currently or in cash. The Fund generally will be required to distribute dividends to shareholders representing the income of these instruments as it accrues, even though the Fund will not receive all of the income on a current basis or in cash. Thus, the Fund may have to sell other investments, including when it may not be advisable to do so, and use the cash proceeds to make income distributions to its shareholders. For accounting purposes, these cash distributions to shareholders will not be treated as a return of capital.
Further, NFALLC collects management fees on the value of a zero coupon bond or OID instrument attributable to the ongoing non-cash accrual of interest over the life of the bond or other instrument. As a result, NFALLC receives non-refundable cash payments based on such non-cash accruals while investors incur the risk that such non-cash accruals ultimately may not be realized.
STRUCTURED NOTES
The Fund may utilize structured notes and similar instruments for investment purposes and also for hedging purposes. Structured notes are privately negotiated debt obligations where the principal and/ or interest is determined by reference to the performance of a benchmark asset, market or interest rate (an embedded index), such as selected securities, an index of securities or specified interest rates, or the differential performance of two assets or markets. The terms of such structured instruments normally provide that their principal and/or interest payments are to be adjusted upwards or downwards (but not ordinarily below zero) to reflect changes in the embedded index while the structured instruments are outstanding. As a result, the interest and/or principal payments that may be made on a structured product may vary widely, depending upon a variety of factors, including the volatility of the embedded index and the effect of changes in the embedded index on principal and/or interest payments. The rate of return on structured notes may be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance or differential performance of the referenced index or indices or other assets. Application of a multiplier involves leverage that will serve to magnify the potential for gain and the risk of loss. These types of investments may generate taxable income.
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TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
The management of the Fund, including general supervision of the duties performed for the Fund under the Investment Management Agreement (as defined under Investment Adviser, Sub-Adviser and Portfolio ManagerInvestment Management Agreement and Related Fees), is the responsibility of the Board. The number of trustees of the Fund is twelve, one of whom is an interested person (as the term interested person is defined in the 1940 Act) and eleven of whom are not interested persons (referred to herein as independent trustees). None of the independent trustees has ever been a director, trustee or employee of, or consultant to, Nuveen Investments, NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management, or their affiliates. The Board is divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, the Class I trustees serving until the 2019 annual meeting, the Class II trustees serving until the 2020 annual meeting and the Class III trustees serving until the 2018 annual meeting, in each case until their respective successors are elected and qualified, as described below. Currently, William C. Hunter, Judith M. Stockdale, Carole E. Stone and Margaret L. Wolff are slated in Class I, David J. Kundert, John K. Nelson, Terence J. Toth and Robert L. Young are slated in Class II, and Margo L. Cook, Jack B. Evans, Albin F. Moschner, and William J. Schneider are slated in Class III. If the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of the Funds trustees will be elected by the holders of such preferred shares, voting separately as a class. The remaining trustees of the Fund are elected by holders of Common Shares and preferred shares, voting separately as a class. In the event that the Fund fails to pay dividends on outstanding preferred shares for two years, holders of preferred shares are entitled to elect a majority of trustees of the Fund. The officers of the Fund serve annual terms through August of each year and are elected on an annual basis. The names, business addresses and years of birth of the trustees and officers of the Fund, their principal occupations and other affiliations during the past five years, the number of portfolios each oversees and other directorships they hold are set forth below. Except as noted in the table below, the trustees of the Fund are directors or trustees, as the case may be, of 176 Nuveen-sponsored registered investment companies (the Nuveen Funds), which include 92 open-end mutual funds (the Nuveen Mutual Funds), 74 closed-end funds and ten exchange-traded funds.
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
Independent Trustees: | ||||||||||
William J. Schneider 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1944) |
Chairman of the Board and Trustee |
TermClass III Length of service Since 1996 |
Chairman of Miller- Valentine Partners, a real estate investment company; Board Member, WDPR Public Radio; formerly, Senior Partner and Chief Operating Officer (retired 2004) of Miller-Valentine Group; formerly, Director Dayton Development Coalition; formerly, Board Member, Business Advisory Council, Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank and University or Dayton Business School Advisory Council. |
176 | None |
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Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
Jack B. Evans 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1948) |
Trustee | TermClass III Length of Service Since 1999 |
President, The Hall- Perrine Foundation, a private philanthropic corporation (since 1996); Director, Public Member, American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (since 2015); Life Trustee of Coe College and the Iowa College Foundation; formerly, Director, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago; formerly, President and Chief Operating Officer, SCI Financial Group, Inc., a regional financial services firm; formerly, Member and President Pro Tem of the Board of Regents for the State of Iowa University System; formerly, Director, The Gazette Company. |
176 | Director and Chairman, United Fire Group, a publicly held company; formerly, Director, Alliant Energy. | |||||
William C. Hunter 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1948) |
Trustee | TermClass I Length of Service Since 2003 |
Dean Emeritus, formerly, Dean (2006-2012), Tippie College of Business, University of Iowa; past Director (2005-2015) and past President (2010-2014) of Beta Gamma Sigma, Inc., The International Business Honor Society; formerly, Director (1997-2007), Credit Research Center at Georgetown University; formerly, Dean and Distinguished Professor of Finance (2003-2006), School of Business at the University of Connecticut; previously, Senior Vice President and Director of Research (1995-2003) at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. | 176 | Director (since 2009) of Wellmark, Inc.; Director (since 2004) of Xerox Corporation. |
21
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
David J. Kundert 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1942) |
Trustee | TermClass II Length of Service Since 2005 |
Formerly, Director, Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company (2006-2013); retired (since 2004) as Chairman, JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management, President and CEO, Banc One Investment Advisors Corporation, and President, One Group Mutual Funds; prior thereto, Executive Vice President, Banc One Corporation and Chairman and CEO, Banc One Investment Management Group; Regent Emeritus, member of Investment Committee, Luther College; member of the Wisconsin Bar Association; member of Board of Directors and Chair of Investment Committee, Greater Milwaukee Foundation; member of the Board of Directors (Milwaukee), College Possible; Member of the Board of Trustees, Milwaukee Repertory Theater. | 176 | None | |||||
Albin F. Moschner 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1952) |
Trustee | TermClass III Length of |
Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Northcroft Partners, LLC, a management consulting firm (since 2012); previously, held positions at Leap Wireless International, Inc., including Consultant (2011-2012), Chief Operating Officer (2008-2011) and Chief Marketing Officer (2004-2008); formerly, President, Verizon Card Services division of Verizon Communications, Inc. (2000-2003); formerly, President, One Point Services at One Point Communications (1999-2000); formerly, Vice Chairman of the Board, Diba, Incorporated (1996-1997); formerly, various executive positions with Zenith Electronics Corporation (1991-1996). | 176 | Director, USA Technologies, Inc., a provider of solutions and services to facilitate electronic payment transactions (since 2012); formerly, Director, Wintrust Financial Corporation (1996-2016). |
22
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
John K. Nelson 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1962) |
Trustee | TermClass II Length of Service Since 2013 |
Member of Board of Directors of Core12 LLC (since 2008), a private firm which develops branding, marketing and communications strategies for clients; Director of The Curran Center for Catholic American Studies (since 2009) and The Presidents Council, Fordham University (since 2010); formerly, senior external advisor to the financial services practice of Deloitte Consulting LLP (2012- 2014); former Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Marian University (2010-2014 as trustee, 2011-2014 as Chairman); formerly, Chief Executive Officer of ABN AMRO N.V. North America, and Global Head of its Financial Markets Division (2007-2008); prior senior positions held at ABN AMRO include Corporate Executive Vice President and Head of Global Marketsthe Americas (2006-2007), CEO of Wholesale BankingNorth America and Global Head of Foreign Exchange and Futures Markets (2001-2006), and Regional Commercial Treasurer and Senior Vice President TradingNorth America (1996- 2001); formerly, Trustee at St. Edmund Preparatory School in New York City. | 176 | None | |||||
Judith M. Stockdale 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1947) |
Trustee | TermClass I Length of Service Since 1997 |
Board Member of the U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities (since 2013); Board Member of the Land Trust Alliance; formerly, Executive Director (1994-2012), Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation; prior thereto, Executive Director, Great Lakes Protection Fund (1990-1994). | 176 | None |
23
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
Carole E. Stone 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1947) |
Trustee | TermClass I Length of Service Since 2007 |
Director, Chicago Board Options Exchange (since 2006); Director, C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated (since 2009); formerly, Commissioner, New York State Commission on Public Authority Reform (2005-2010). | 176 | Director, CBOE Holdings, Inc. (since 2010). | |||||
Terence J. Toth 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1959) |
Trustee | TermClass II Length of Service Since 2008 |
Co-Founding Partner, Promus Capital (since 2008); Director of Fulcrum IT Service LLC (since 2010) and Quality Control Corporation (since 2012); formerly, Director, LogicMark LLC (2012-2016); formerly, Director, Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. (2008-2013); formerly, CEO and President, Northern Trust Global Investments (2004-2007); Executive Vice President, Quantitative Management & Securities Lending (2000-2004); prior thereto, various positions with Northern Trust Company (since 1994); Member of Catalyst Schools of Chicago Board (since 2008) and Mather Foundation Board (since 2012) and is Chair of its Investment Committee; formerly, Member, Chicago Fellowship Board (2005-2016); formerly, Member, Northern Trust Mutual Funds Board (2005-2007), Northern Trust Global Investments Board (2004-2007), Northern Trust Japan Board (2004-2007), Northern Trust Securities Inc. Board (2003-2007) and Northern Trust Hong Kong Board (1997-2004). | 176 | None |
24
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
Margaret L. Wolff 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1955) |
Trustee | TermClass I Length of Service Since 2016 |
Formerly, Of Counsel (2005-2014), Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (Mergers & Acquisitions Group); Member of the Board of Trustees of New York-Presbyterian Hospital (since 2005); Member (since 2004) and Chair (since 2015) of the Board of Trustees of The John A. Hartford Foundation (a philanthropy dedicated to improving the care of older adults); formerly, Member (2005-2015) and Vice Chair (2011- 2015) of the Board of Trustees of Mt. Holyoke College. | 176 | Member of the Board of Directors (since 2013) of Travelers Insurance Company of Canada and The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company (each, a part of Travelers Canada, the Canadian operation of The Travelers Companies, Inc.) | |||||
Robert L. Young(1) 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 1963 |
Trustee | TermClass II Length of Service Since July 1, 2017 |
Formerly, Chief Operating Officer and Director, J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (2010-2016); formerly, President and Principal Executive Officer (2013-2016), and Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer (2005-2010), of J.P. Morgan Funds; formerly, Director and various officer positions for J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (formerly, JPMorgan Funds Management, Inc. and formerly, One Group Administrative Services) and JPMorgan Distribution Services, Inc. (formerly, One Group Dealer Services, Inc.) (1999-2017). |
174 | None |
(1) | Effective July 1, 2017, Mr. Young was appointed as a director or trustee, as the case may be of each of the Nuveen Funds except Nuveen Diversified Dividend and Income Fund and Nuveen Real Estate Income Fund. |
25
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen By Trustee |
Other | |||||
Interested Trustees: | ||||||||||
Margo L. Cook(1) 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1964) |
Trustee | TermClass III Length of |
President (since 2017), formerly, Co-President (2016-2017), formerly, Senior Executive Vice President of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President (since February 2017) of Nuveen, LLC; Co-President (since October 2016), formerly, Senior Executive Vice President (2015-2016), formerly, Executive Vice President (2011-2015) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; President, Global Products and Solutions (since July 2017), and Co-Chief Executive Officer (since 2015), formerly, Co-President, and formerly, Executive Vice President (2013-2015), of Nuveen Securities, LLC; formerly, Managing Director of Nuveen Commodities Asset Management, LLC (2011-2016); Chartered Financial Analyst. | 176 | None |
(1) | Ms. Cook is an interested person of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act, by reason of her positions with Nuveen Investments and certain of its subsidiaries. |
OFFICERS OF THE FUND:
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupations Including Other |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Officer | ||||
Cedric H. Antosiewicz* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1962) |
Chief Administrative Officer |
TermUntil August 2018 |
Senior Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2004-2017) of Nuveen Securities LLC; Senior Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2014-2017) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC. |
75 | ||||
Lorna C. Ferguson* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1945) |
Vice President | TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 1998 |
Senior Managing Director (since February 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2004-2017) of Nuveen. | 177 |
26
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupations Including Other |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Officer | ||||
Stephen D. Foy* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1954) |
Vice President and Controller |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service |
Managing Director (since 2014), formerly, Senior Vice President (2013-2014) and Vice President (2005-2013) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Chief Financial Officer (since 2010) of Nuveen Commodities Asset Management, LLC; Managing Director (since 2016) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Certified Public Accountant. | 177 | ||||
Nathaniel T. Jones* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1979) |
Vice President and Treasurer |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of |
Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2016-2017), formerly, Vice President (2011-2016) of Nuveen; Chartered Financial Analyst. | 177 | ||||
Walter M. Kelly* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1970) |
Chief Compliance Officer and |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2003 |
Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2008-2017) of Nuveen. | 177 | ||||
David J. Lamb* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1963) |
Vice President | TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2015 |
Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President of Nuveen (2006-2017), Vice President prior to 2006. | 75 | ||||
Tina M. Lazar* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1961) |
Vice President | TermUntil August 2018 |
Managing Director (since January 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (2014-2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC. | 177 |
27
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupations Including Other |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Officer | ||||
Kevin J. McCarthy* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1966) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil August 2018 |
Senior Managing Director (since February 2017) and Secretary and General Counsel (since 2016) of Nuveen Investments, Inc., formerly, Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (2008-2016); Senior Managing Director (since January 2017) and Assistant Secretary (since 2008) of Nuveen Securities, LLC, formerly Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director (2008-2016); Senior Managing Director (since February 2017), Secretary (since 2016) and Co-General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, formerly, Executive Vice President (2016-2017), Managing Director (2008-2016) and Assistant Secretary (2007-2016); Senior Managing Director (since February 2017), Secretary (since 2016) and Associate General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, formerly Executive Vice President (2016-2017) and Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (2011-2016); Senior Managing Director (since February 2017) and Secretary (since 2016) of Nuveen Investments Advisers, LLC, formerly Executive Vice President (2016-2017); Vice President (since 2007) and Secretary (since 2016), formerly, Assistant Secretary, of NWQ Investment Management Company, LLC, Symphony Asset Management LLC, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC and Winslow Capital Management, LLC (since 2010); Vice President (since 2010) and Secretary (since 2016) of Nuveen Commodities Asset Management, LLC, formerly Assistant Secretary (2010-2016). |
177 |
28
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupations Including Other |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Officer |
||||||
Michael A. Perry 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1967) |
Vice President | TermUntil August 2018 Length of ServiceSince 2017 |
Executive Vice President since February 2017, previously Managing Director from October 2016), of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Executive Vice President (since 2017), formerly, Managing Director (2015-2017), of Nuveen Securities, LLC; formerly, Managing Director (2010-2015) of UBS Securities, LLC. | 74 | ||||||
Kathleen L. Prudhomme* 901 Marquette Avenue Minneapolis, MN 55402 (1953) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2011 |
Managing Director and Assistant Secretary of Nuveen Securities, LLC (since 2011); Managing Director, Assistant Secretary and Co-General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director, Assistant Secretary and Associate General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC; formerly, Deputy General Counsel, FAF Advisors, Inc. (20042010). | 177 | ||||||
Christopher M. Rohrbacher* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 (1971) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2008 |
Managing Director (since February 2017), formerly, Senior Vice President (October 2016-February 2017) and Assistant Secretary (since October 2016) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since January 2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Vice President and Assistant Secretary (since 2010) of Nuveen Commodities Asset Management, LLC. | 177 | ||||||
William A. Siffermann 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1975) |
Vice President | TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2017 |
Managing Director (since February 2017), formerly Senior Vice President (2016-2017) and Vice President (2011-2016) of Nuveen. | 176 | ||||||
Joel T. Slager* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606 (1978) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 2013 |
Fund Tax Director for Nuveen Funds (since May, 2013); previously, Vice President of Morgan Stanley Investment Management, Inc., Assistant Treasurer of the Morgan Stanley Funds (2010-2013). | 177 |
29
Name, Business Address |
Position(s) Held with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served with Funds in the Fund Complex |
Principal Occupations Including Other |
Number of Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Officer | ||||
Gifford R. Zimmerman* 333 West Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 (1956) |
Vice President and Assistant Secretary |
TermUntil August 2018 Length of Service Since 1988 |
Managing Director (since 2002) and Assistant Secretary of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director (since 2002), Assistant Secretary (since 1997) and Co-General Counsel (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since 2004) and Assistant Secretary (since 1994) of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Managing Director, Assistant Secretary and Associate General Counsel of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (since 2011); Vice President (since February 2017) Managing Director (2003-2017) and Assistant Secretary (since 2003) of Symphony Asset Management LLC; Managing Director and Assistant Secretary (since 2002) of Nuveen Investments Advisers, LLC; Vice President and Assistant Secretary of NWQ Investment Management Company, LLC, Santa Barbara Asset Management, LLC (since 2006) and of Winslow Capital Management, LLC (since 2010); Chartered Financial Analyst. | 177 |
* | Each officer also serves as an officer of the Diversified Real Asset Income Fund, a closed-end management investment company advised by NFALLC but not overseen by the Board. |
Board Leadership Structure and Risk Oversight
The Board of Directors or the Board of Trustees (as the case may be, each is referred to hereafter as the Board and the trustees or directors of the Nuveen Funds, as applicable, are referred to herein as Trustees) oversees the operations and management of the Nuveen Fund (the Nuveen Funds), including the duties performed for the Nuveen Funds by NFALLC and each Nuveen Funds sub-adviser, as applicable. The Board has adopted a unitary board structure. A unitary board consists of one group of trustees who serve on the board of every fund in the complex. In adopting a unitary board structure, the Trustees seek to provide effective governance through establishing a board, the overall composition of which, will, as a body, possess the appropriate skills, independence and experience to oversee the Nuveen Funds business. With this overall framework in mind, when the Board, through its Nominating and Governance Committee discussed below, seeks nominees for the Board, the Trustees consider, not only the candidates particular background, skills and experience, among other things, but also whether such background, skills and experience enhance the Boards diversity and at the same time complement the Board given its current composition and the mix of skills and experiences of the incumbent Trustees.
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The Board believes the unitary board structure enhances good and effective governance, particularly given the nature of the structure of the investment company complex. Funds in the same complex generally are served by the same service providers and personnel and are governed by the same regulatory scheme which raises common issues that must be addressed by the trustees across the fund complex (such as compliance, valuation, liquidity, brokerage, trade allocation or risk management). The Board believes it is more efficient to have a single board review and oversee common policies and procedures which increases the Boards knowledge and expertise with respect to the many aspects of fund operations that are complex-wide in nature. The unitary structure also enhances the Boards influence and oversight over NFALLC and other service providers.
In an effort to enhance the independence of the Board, the Board also has a Chairman that is an independent trustee. The Board recognizes that a chairman can perform an important role in setting the agenda for the Board, establishing the boardroom culture, establishing a point person on behalf of the Board for fund management, and reinforcing the Boards focus on the long-term interests of shareholders. The Board recognizes that a chairman may be able to better perform these functions without any conflicts of interests arising from a position with fund management. Accordingly, the Trustees have elected William J. Schneider as the Independent Chairman of the Board. Specific responsibilities of the Chairman include: (i) presiding at all meetings of the Board and of the shareholders; (ii) seeing that all orders and resolutions of the Trustees are carried into effect; and (iii) maintaining records of and, whenever necessary, certifying all proceedings of the Trustees and the shareholders.
Although the Board has direct responsibility over various matters (such as advisory contracts, underwriting contracts and Fund performance), the Board also exercises certain of its oversight responsibilities through several committees that it has established and which report back to the full Board. The Board believes that a committee structure is an effective means to permit Trustees to focus on particular operations or issues affecting the Nuveen Funds, including risk oversight. More specifically, with respect to risk oversight, the Board has delegated matters relating to valuation and compliance to certain committees (as summarized below) as well as certain aspects of investment risk. In addition, the Board believes that the periodic rotation of Trustees among the different committees allows the Trustees to gain additional and different perspectives of the Funds operations. The Board has established six standing committees: the Executive Committee, the Dividend Committee, the Closed-End Funds Committee, the Audit Committee, the Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee and the Nominating and Governance Committee. The Board also may also from time to time create ad hoc committees to focus on particular issues as the need arises. The membership and functions of the standing committees are summarized below.
The Executive Committee, which meets between regular meetings of the Board, is authorized to exercise all of the powers of the Board. The members of the Executive Committee are William J. Schneider, Chair, Margo L. Cook and Terence J. Toth. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Executive Committee did not meet.
The Dividend Committee is authorized to declare distributions on the Funds shares including, but not limited to, regular and special dividends, capital gains and ordinary income distributions. The members of the Dividend Committee are William C. Hunter, Chair, Judith M. Stockdale and Terence J. Toth. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Dividend Committee met four (4) times.
The Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee (the Compliance Committee) is responsible for the oversight of compliance issues, risk management and other regulatory matters affecting the Nuveen Funds that are not otherwise the jurisdiction of the other committees. The Board has adopted and periodically reviews policies and procedures designed to address the Nuveen Funds compliance and risk matters. As part of its duties, the Compliance Committee reviews the policies and procedures relating to compliance matters and recommends modifications thereto as necessary or appropriate to the full Board; develops new policies and procedures as new regulatory matters affecting the Nuveen Funds arise from time to time; evaluates or considers any comments or reports from examinations from regulatory authorities and responses thereto; and performs any special reviews, investigations or other oversight responsibilities relating to risk management, compliance and/or regulatory matters as requested by the Board.
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In addition, the Compliance Committee is responsible for risk oversight, including, but not limited to, the oversight of risks related to investments and operations. Such risks include, among other things, exposures to particular issuers, market sectors, or types of securities; risks related to product structure elements, such as leverage; and techniques that may be used to address those risks, such as hedging and swaps. In assessing issues brought to the committees attention or in reviewing a particular policy, procedure, investment technique or strategy, the Compliance Committee evaluates the risks to the Nuveen Funds in adopting a particular approach or resolution compared to the anticipated benefits to the Nuveen Funds and their shareholders. In fulfilling its obligations, the Compliance Committee meets on a quarterly basis, and at least once a year in person. The Compliance Committee receives written and oral reports from the Nuveen Funds Chief Compliance Officer (CCO) and meets privately with the CCO at each of its quarterly meetings. The CCO also provides an annual report to the full Board regarding the operations of the Nuveen Funds and other service providers compliance programs as well as any recommendations for modifications thereto. The Compliance Committee also receives reports from the investment services group of Nuveen Investments regarding various investment risks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the full Board also participates in discussions with management regarding certain matters relating to investment risk, such as the use of leverage and hedging. The investment services group therefore also reports to the full Board at its quarterly meetings regarding, among other things, fund performance and the various drivers of such performance. Accordingly, the Board directly and/or in conjunction with the Compliance Committee oversees matters relating to investment risks. Matters not addressed at the committee level are addressed directly by the full Board. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. The members of the Compliance Committee are William C. Hunter, Albin F. Moschner, John K. Nelson, Chair, Judith M. Stockdale, Margaret L. Wolff and Robert L. Young. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Compliance Committee met five (5) times.
The Audit Committee assists the Board in the oversight and monitoring of the accounting and reporting policies, processes and practices of the Nuveen Funds, and the audits of the financial statements of the Nuveen Funds; the quality and integrity of the financial statements of the Nuveen Funds; the Nuveen Funds compliance with legal and regulatory requirements relating to the Nuveen Funds financial statements; the independent auditors qualifications, performance and independence; and the pricing procedures of the Nuveen Funds and the internal valuation group of Nuveen. It is the responsibility of the Audit Committee to select, evaluate and replace any independent auditors (subject only to Board and, if applicable, shareholder ratification) and to determine their compensation. The Audit Committee is also responsible for, among other things, overseeing the valuation of securities comprising the Nuveen Funds portfolios. Subject to the Boards general supervision of such actions, the Audit Committee addresses any valuation issues, oversees the Nuveen Funds pricing procedures and actions taken by Nuveens internal valuation group which provides regular reports to the committee, reviews any issues relating to the valuation of the Nuveen Funds securities brought to its attention and considers the risks to the Nuveen Funds in assessing the possible resolutions to these matters. The Audit Committee also may consider any financial risk exposures for the Nuveen Funds in conjunction with performing its functions.
To fulfill its oversight duties, the Audit Committee receives annual and semi-annual reports and has regular meetings with the external auditors for the Nuveen Funds and NFALLCs internal audit group at Nuveen Investments. The Audit Committee also may review in a general manner the processes the Board or other Board committees have in place with respect to risk assessment and risk management as well as compliance with legal and regulatory matters relating to the Nuveen Funds financial statements. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. Members of the Audit Committee shall be independent (as set forth in the charter) and free of any relationship that, in the opinion of the trustees, would interfere with their exercise of independent judgment as an Audit Committee member. The members of the Audit Committee are Jack B. Evans, Chair, David J. Kundert, John K. Nelson, Carole E. Stone and Terence J. Toth, each of whom is an Independent Trustee of the Nuveen Funds. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Audit Committee met four (4) times.
The Nominating and Governance Committee is responsible for seeking, identifying and recommending to the Board qualified candidates for election or appointment to the Board. In addition, the Nominating and
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Governance Committee oversees matters of corporate governance, including the evaluation of Board performance and processes, the assignment and rotation of committee members, and the establishment of corporate governance guidelines and procedures, to the extent necessary or desirable, and matters related thereto. Although the unitary and committee structure has been developed over the years and the Nominating and Governance Committee believes the structure has provided efficient and effective governance, the committee recognizes that as demands on the Board evolve over time (such as through an increase in the number of funds overseen or an increase in the complexity of the issues raised), the committee must continue to evaluate the Board and committee structures and their processes and modify the foregoing as may be necessary or appropriate to continue to provide effective governance. Accordingly, the Nominating and Governance Committee has a separate meeting each year to, among other things, review the Board and committee structures, their performance and functions, and recommend any modifications thereto or alternative structures or processes that would enhance the Boards governance over the Nuveen Funds business.
In addition, the Nominating and Governance Committee, among other things, makes recommendations concerning the continuing education of trustees; monitors performance of legal counsel and other service providers; establishes and monitors a process by which security holders are able to communicate in writing with members of the Board; and periodically reviews and makes recommendations about any appropriate changes to Trustee compensation. In the event of a vacancy on the Board, the Nominating and Governance Committee receives suggestions from various sources, including suggestions from fund security holders, as to suitable candidates. Suggestions should be sent in writing to Lorna Ferguson, Manager of Fund Board Relations, Nuveen LLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, IL 60606. The Nominating and Governance Committee sets appropriate standards and requirements for nominations for new Trustees and reserves the right to interview any and all candidates and to make the final selection of any new Trustees. In considering a candidates qualifications, each candidate must meet certain basic requirements, including relevant skills and experience, time availability (including the time requirements for due diligence site visits to internal and external sub-advisers and service providers) and, if qualifying as an Independent Trustee candidate, independence from NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management, underwriters or other service providers, including any affiliates of these entities. These skill and experience requirements may vary depending on the current composition of the Board, since the goal is to ensure an appropriate range of skills, diversity and experience, in the aggregate. Accordingly, the particular factors considered and weight given to these factors will depend on the composition of the Board and the skills and backgrounds of the incumbent Trustees at the time of consideration of the nominees. All candidates, however, must meet high expectations of personal integrity, independence, governance experience and professional competence. All candidates must be willing to be critical within the Board and with management and yet maintain a collegial and collaborative manner toward other Board members. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. This committee is composed of the Independent Trustees of the Nuveen Funds. The members of the Nominating and Governance Committee are William J. Schneider, Chair, Jack B. Evans, William C. Hunter, David J. Kundert, Albin F. Moschner, John K. Nelson, Judith M. Stockdale, Carole E. Stone, Terence J. Toth, Margaret L. Wolff and Robert L. Young. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Nominating and Governance Committee met six (6) times.
The Closed-End Funds Committee is responsible for assisting the Board in the oversight and monitoring of the Nuveen Funds that are registered as closed-end management investment companies (Closed-End Funds). The committee may review and evaluate matters related to the formation and the initial presentation to the Board of any new Closed-End Fund and may review and evaluate any matters relating to any existing Closed-End Fund. The committee operates under a written charter adopted and approved by the Board. The members of the Closed-End Funds Committee are Carole E. Stone, Chair, Jack B. Evans, Albin F. Moschner, John K. Nelson, William J. Schneider and Terence J. Toth. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Closed-End Funds Committee met four (4) times.
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Board Diversification and Trustee Qualifications
Listed below for each current Board member are the experiences, qualifications, attributes and skills that led to the conclusion, as of the date of this SAI, that each current Trustee should serve as a Trustee of the Nuveen Funds.
Margo L. Cook. Ms. Cook, an interested Trustee of the Nuveen Funds, is President (since 2017), formerly, Co-President of Nuveen Investments (2016-2017), prior to which she had been Senior Executive Vice President of Nuveen Investments (2015-2016). Ms. Cook is a member of the Senior Leadership Team and Executive Vice President (since February 2017) of Nuveen, LLC, as well as co-chair of Nuveen Investments Management and Operating Committees. She is Co-President (since October 2016), formerly, Senior Executive Vice President (2015-2016) of NFALLC and President, Global Products and Solutions, and Co-Chief Executive Officer of Nuveen Securities. Since joining in 2008, she has held various leadership roles at Nuveen Investments, including as Head of Investment Services, responsible for investment-related efforts across the firm. Ms. Cook also serves on the Board of Nuveen Global Fund Investors. Before joining Nuveen Investments, she was the Global Head of Bear Stearns Asset Managements institutional business. Prior to that, she spent over 20 years within BNY Mellons asset management business; including as Chief Investment Officer for Institutional Asset Management and Head of Institutional Fixed Income. Ms. Cook earned her bachelors degree in finance from the University of Rhode Island, her Executive MBA from Columbia University, and is a Chartered Financial Analyst. She serves as Vice Chair of The University of Rhode Island Foundation Board of Trustees and Chair of the All Stars Project of Chicago Board.
Jack B. Evans. Mr. Evans has served as President of the Hall-Perrine Foundation, a private philanthropic corporation, since 1996. Mr. Evans was formerly President and Chief Operating Officer of the SCI Financial Group, Inc., a regional financial services firm headquartered in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He was a member of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago as well as a Director of Alliant Energy and President Pro Tem of the Board of Regents for the State of Iowa University System. Mr. Evans is Chairman of the Board of United Fire Group, sits on the Board as a Public Member of the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery and is a Life Trustee of Coe College. He has a Bachelor of Arts from Coe College and a M.B.A. from the University of Iowa.
William C. Hunter. Mr. Hunter became Dean Emeritus of the Henry B. Tippie College of Business at the University of Iowa on June 30, 2012. He was appointed Dean of the College on July 1, 2006. He had been Dean and Distinguished Professor of Finance at the University of Connecticut School of Business since June 2003. From 1995 to 2003, he was the Senior Vice President and Director of Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. While there he served as the Banks Chief Economist and was an Associate Economist on the Federal Reserve Systems Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). In addition to serving as a Vice President in charge of financial markets and basic research at the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, he held faculty positions at Emory University, Atlanta University, the University of Georgia and Northwestern University. A past Director of the Credit Research Center at Georgetown University, SS&C Technologies, Inc. (2005) and past President of the Financial Management Association International, he has consulted with numerous foreign central banks and official agencies in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Central America and South America. From 1990 to 1995, he was a U.S. Treasury Advisor to Central and Eastern Europe. He has been a Director of the Xerox Corporation since 2004 and Wellmark, Inc. since 2009. He is a past Director and a past President of Beta Gamma Sigma, Inc., the International Business Honor Society.
David J. Kundert. Mr. Kundert retired in 2004 as Chairman of JPMorgan Fleming Asset Management, President and CEO of Banc One Investment Advisors Corporation, and President of One Group Mutual Funds. Prior to the merger between Banc One Corporation and JPMorgan Chase and Co., he was Executive Vice President, Banc One Corporation and, since 1995, the Chairman and CEO, Banc One Investment Management Group. From 1988 to 1992, he was President and CEO of Bank One Wisconsin Trust Company. Mr. Kundert recently retired as a Director of the Northwestern Mutual Wealth Management Company (2006-2013). He started his career as an attorney for Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company. Mr. Kundert has served on the Board of Governors of the Investment Company Institute and he is currently a member of the Wisconsin Bar
34
Association. He is on the Board of the Greater Milwaukee Foundation and chairs its Investment Committee. He is a Regent Emeritus and Member of the Investment Committee of Luther College. He also is a member of the Board of Directors (Milwaukee) of College Possible and on the Board of Trustees of the Milwaukee Repertory Theater (since 2016). He received his Bachelor of Arts from Luther College, and his Juris Doctor from Valparaiso University.
Albin F. Moschner. Mr. Moschner is a consultant in the wireless industry and, in July 2012, founded Northcroft Partners, LLC, a management consulting firm that provides operational, management and governance solutions. Prior to founding Northcroft Partners, LLC, Mr. Moschner held various positions at Leap Wireless International, Inc., a provider of wireless services, where he was as a consultant from February 2011 to July 2012, Chief Operating Officer from July 2008 to February 2011, and Chief Marketing Officer from August 2004 to June 2008. Before he joined Leap Wireless International, Inc., Mr. Moschner was President of the Verizon Card Services division of Verizon Communications, Inc. from 2000 to 2003, and President of One Point Services at One Point Communications from 1999 to 2000. Mr. Moschner also served at Zenith Electronics Corporation as Director, President and Chief Executive Officer from 1995 to 1996, and as Director, President and Chief Operating Officer from 1994 to 1995. Since 2012, Mr. Moschner has been a member of the Board of Directors of USA Technologies, Inc. and, from 1996 until 2016, he was a member of the Board of Directors of Wintrust Financial Corporation. In addition, he currently serves on the Advisory Boards of the Kellogg School of Management (since 1995) and the Archdiocese of Chicago Financial Council (since May 2012). Mr. Moschner received a Bachelor of Engineering degree in Electrical Engineering from The City College of New York in 1974 and a Master of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from Syracuse University in 1979.
John K. Nelson. Mr. Nelson is currently on the Board of Directors of Core12 LLC (since 2008), a private firm which develops branding, marketing, and communications strategies for clients. Mr. Nelson has served in several senior executive positions with ABN AMRO Holdings N.V. and its affiliated entities and predecessors, including LaSalle Bank Corporation from 1996 to 2008. From 2007 to 2008, Mr. Nelson was Chief Executive Officer of ABN AMRO N.V. North America, and Global Head of its Financial Markets Division. He was a member of the Foreign Exchange Committee of the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States, and during his tenure with ABN AMRO, served as the banks representative on various committees of the Bank of Canada, European Central Bank, and the Bank of England. At Fordham University, he currently serves as a director of The Curran Center for Catholic American Studies, and The Presidents Council. He is also a member of The Economic Club of Chicago. He was formerly a senior external advisor to the financial services practice of Deloitte Consulting LLP, formerly a member of the Hyde Park Angels, and was formerly a Trustee at St. Edmund Preparatory School in New York City. He formerly served as the Chairman of The Board of Trustees of Marian University. Mr. Nelson graduated and received his MBA from Fordham University.
William J. Schneider. Mr. Schneider, the Nuveen Funds Independent Chairman, is currently Chairman, formerly Senior Partner and Chief Operating Officer (retired, December 2004) of Miller-Valentine Partners, a real estate investment company. He is an owner in several other Miller-Valentine Group entities. He is currently a member of the board of WDPR Public radio station. He is formerly a Director and Past Chair of the Dayton Development Coalition. He was formerly a member of the Community Advisory Board of the National City Bank in Dayton as well as a former member of the Business Advisory Council of the Cleveland Federal Reserve Bank. Mr. Schneider was also a member of the Business Advisory Council for the University of Dayton College of Business. He also served as Chair of the Miami Valley Hospital and as Chair of the Finance Committee of its parent holding company. Mr. Schneider was an independent Trustee of the Flagship Funds, a group of municipal open-end funds. Mr. Schneider has a Bachelor of Science in Community Planning from the University of Cincinnati and a Masters of Public Administration from the University of Dayton.
Judith M. Stockdale. Ms. Stockdale retired in 2012 as Executive Director of the Gaylord and Dorothy Donnelley Foundation, a private foundation working in land conservation and artistic vitality in the Chicago region and the Low country of South Carolina. She is currently a board member of the U.S. Endowment for Forestry and Communities (since November 2013) and rejoined the board of the Land Trust Alliance in June
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2013. Her previous positions include Executive Director of the Great Lakes Protection Fund, Executive Director of Openlands, and Senior Staff Associate at the Chicago Community Trust. She has served on the Advisory Councils of the National Zoological Park, the Governors Science Advisory Council (Illinois) and the Nancy Ryerson Ranney Leadership Grants Program. She has served on the boards of Brushwood Center and the Donors Forum. Ms. Stockdale, a native of the United Kingdom, has a Bachelor of Science degree in geography from the University of Durham (UK) and a Master of Forest Science degree from Yale University.
Carole E. Stone. Ms. Stone is currently on the Board of Directors of the Chicago Board Options Exchange, CBOE Holdings, Inc. and C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated. Ms. Stone retired from the New York State Division of the Budget in 2004, having served as its Director for nearly five years and as Deputy Director from 1995 through 1999. She has also served as the Chair of the New York Racing Association Oversight Board, as a Commissioner on the New York State Commission on Public Authority Reform and as a member of the Boards of Directors of several New York State public authorities. Ms. Stone has a Bachelor of Arts from Skidmore College in Business Administration.
Terence J. Toth. Mr. Toth is a Co-Founding Partner of Promus Capital (since 2008). From 2012 to 2016, he was a Director of LogicMark LLC. From 2008 to 2013, he was a Director of Legal & General Investment Management America, Inc. From 2004 to 2007, he was Chief Executive Officer and President of Northern Trust Global Investments, and Executive Vice President of Quantitative Management & Securities Lending from 2000 to 2004. He also formerly served on the Board of the Northern Trust Mutual Funds. He joined Northern Trust in 1994 after serving as Managing Director and Head of Global Securities Lending at Bankers Trust (1986 to 1994) and Head of Government Trading and Cash Collateral Investment at Northern Trust from 1982 to 1986. He currently serves on the Board of Fulcrum IT Service LLC (since 2010), Quality Control Corporation (since 2012) and Catalyst Schools of Chicago. He is on the Mather Foundation Board (since 2012) and is the Chair of its Investment Committee. Mr. Toth graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Illinois, and received his M.B.A. from New York University. In 2005, he graduated from the CEO Perspectives Program at Northwestern University.
Margaret L. Wolff. Ms. Wolff retired from Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP in 2014 after more than 30 years of providing client service in the Mergers & Acquisitions Group. During her legal career, Ms. Wolff devoted significant time to advising boards and senior management on U.S. and international corporate, securities, regulatory and strategic matters, including governance, shareholder, fiduciary, operational and management issues. Since 2013, she has been a Board member of Travelers Insurance Company of Canada and The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company (each of which is a part of Travelers Canada, the Canadian operation of The Travelers Companies, Inc.). Ms. Wolff has been a trustee of New York-Presbyterian Hospital since 2005 and, since 2004, she has served as a trustee of The John A. Hartford Foundation (a philanthropy dedicated to improving the care of older adults) where she currently is the Chair. From 2005 to 2015, she was a trustee of Mt. Holyoke College and served as Vice Chair of the Board from 2011 to 2015. Ms. Wolff received her Bachelor of Arts from Mt. Holyoke College and her Juris Doctor from Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Robert L. Young. Mr. Young has more than 30 years of experience in the investment management industry. From 1997 to 2017, he held various positions with J.P. Morgan Investment Management Inc. (J.P. Morgan Investment) and its affiliates (collectively, J.P. Morgan). Most recently, he served as Chief Operating Officer and Director of J.P. Morgan Investment (from 2010 to 2016) and as President and Principal Executive Officer of the J.P. Morgan Funds (from 2013 to 2016). As Chief Operating Officer of J.P. Morgan Investment, Mr. Young led service, administration and business platform support activities for J.P. Morgans domestic retail mutual fund and institutional commingled and separate account businesses, and co-led these activities for J.P. Morgans global retail and institutional investment management businesses. As President of the J.P. Morgan Funds, Mr. Young interacted with various service providers to these funds, facilitated the relationship between such funds and their boards, and was directly involved in establishing board agendas, addressing regulatory matters, and establishing policies and procedures. Before joining J.P. Morgan, Mr. Young, a former Certified Public
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Accountant (CPA), was a Senior Manager (Audit) with Deloitte & Touche LLP (formerly, Touche Ross LLP), where he was employed from 1985 to 1996. During his tenure there, he actively participated in creating, and ultimately led, the firms midwestern mutual fund practice. Mr. Young holds a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Accounting from the University of Dayton and, from 2008 to 2011, he served on the Investment Committee of its Board.
Independent Chairman
The Trustees have elected William J. Schneider as the independent Chairman of the Board. Specific responsibilities of the Chairman include (a) presiding at all meetings of the Board and of the shareholders; (b) seeing that all orders and resolutions of the trustees are carried into effect; and (c) maintaining records of and, whenever necessary, certifying all proceedings of the trustees and the shareholders.
Class I Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2019; Class II Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2020; and Class III Trustees will serve until the annual meeting of shareholders in 2018. As each Trustees term expires, shareholders will be asked to elect trustees and such trustees shall be elected for a term expiring at the time of the third succeeding annual meeting subsequent to their election or thereafter in each case when their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. These provisions could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the Board. See Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust and By-Laws in the Prospectus.
SHARE OWNERSHIP
The following table sets forth the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by each trustee as of August 1, 2017:
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies |
||||
Margo L. Cook |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Jack B. Evans |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
William C. Hunter |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
David J. Kundert |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Albin F. Moschner |
None | None | ||||
John K. Nelson |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
William J. Schneider |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Judith M. Stockdale |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Carole E. Stone . |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Terence J. Toth |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Margaret L. Wolff |
None | Over $100,000 | ||||
Robert L. Young* |
None | None |
* | Mr. Young was appointed to the Board effective July 1, 2017. |
As of August 1, 2017, the officers and Trustees as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of any class of the Funds outstanding securities. As of August 1, 2017, none of the disinterested Trustees or their immediate family members owned, beneficially, or of record, any securities in (i) an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund or (ii) a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
37
5% Shareholders
The following table sets forth the percentage ownership of each person who, as of August 1, 2017, owned of record, or is known by the Fund to own of record or beneficially, 5% or more of any class of the Funds equity securities:*
Name of Equity Security |
Name and Address of Owner |
% of Beneficial Ownership* |
||||
Variable Rate Munifund Term Preferred Shares |
Bank of America Corporation Banc of America Preferred Funding Corporation 100 N. Tryon
Street |
100 | % |
* | The information contained in this table is based on a Schedule 13D filing made July 2, 2015. |
COMPENSATION
The following table shows, for each independent trustee, (1) the aggregate compensation paid to each Trustee by the Fund for its fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, (2) the amount of total compensation paid to each Trustee by the Fund that has been deferred and (3) the total compensation paid to each Trustee by the Nuveen Funds during the calendar year ended December 31, 2016. The Fund does not have a retirement or pension plan. The officers and Trustees affiliated with Nuveen Investments serve without any compensation from the Fund. Certain of the Nuveen Funds have a deferred compensation plan (the Compensation Plan) that permits any trustee who is not an interested person of certain funds to elect to defer receipt of all or a portion of his or her compensation as a trustee. The deferred compensation of a participating trustee is credited to the book reserve account of a fund when the compensation would otherwise have been paid to the trustee. The value of the trustees deferral account at any time is equal to the value that the account would have had if contributions to the account had been invested and reinvested in shares of one or more of the eligible Nuveen Funds. At the time for commencing distributions from a trustees deferral account, the trustee may elect to receive distributions in a lump sum or over a period of five years. The Fund will not be liable for any other funds obligations to make distributions under the Compensation Plan.
Aggregate Compensation from Fund(1) |
Amount of Total Compensation From the Fund That Has Been Deferred(2) |
Total Compensation from Fund and Fund Complex(3) |
||||||||||
Jack B. Evans |
$ | 2,429 | $ | 247 | $ | 354,312 | ||||||
William C. Hunter |
2,277 | | 332,500 | |||||||||
David J. Kundert |
2,309 | 2,309 | 354,764 | |||||||||
Albin F. Moschner(4) |
485 | | 70,000 | |||||||||
John K. Nelson |
2,453 | | 350,375 | |||||||||
William J. Schneider |
2,723 | 2,723 | 393,412 | |||||||||
Judith M. Stockdale |
2,213 | 308 | 327,644 | |||||||||
Carole E. Stone |
2,422 | 1,222 | 346,482 | |||||||||
Terence J. Toth |
2,392 | 248 | 349,767 | |||||||||
Margaret L. Wolff(5) |
1,403 | 464 | 205,819 | |||||||||
Robert L. Young(6) |
0 | 0 | 0 |
(1) | The compensation paid, including deferred amounts, to the independent trustees for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 for services to the Fund. |
(2) | Pursuant to a deferred compensation agreement with certain of the Nuveen Funds, deferred amounts are treated as though an equivalent dollar amount has been invested in shares of one or more eligible Nuveen Funds. Total deferred fees for the Fund (including the return from the assumed investment in the eligible Nuveen Funds) payable are stated above. |
38
(3) | Based on the compensation paid (including any amounts deferred) for the calendar year ended December 31, 2016 for services to the Nuveen open-end and closed-end funds. Because the funds in the Fund Complex have different fiscal year ends, the amounts shown in this column are presented on a calendar year basis. |
(4) | Mr. Moschner was appointed to the Board of the Nuveen Funds effective July 1, 2016. |
(5) | Ms. Wolff was appointed to the Board effective February 15, 2016. |
(6) | Mr. Young was appointed to the Board effective July 1, 2017. |
Effective January 1, 2017, Independent trustees receive a $170,500 annual retainer, increased from $177,000 as of January 1, 2017, plus (a) a fee of $5,750 per day, which is increased from $5,500 per day as of January 1, 2016, for attendance in person or by telephone at regularly scheduled meetings of the Board; (b) a fee of $3,000 per meeting for attendance in person or by telephone at special, non-regularly scheduled Board Meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (c) a fee of $2,500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Audit Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (d) a fee of $2,500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; (e) a fee of $1,000 per meeting for attendance in person or by telephone at Dividend Committee meetings; (f) a fee of $500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at all other committee meetings ($1,000 for shareholder meetings) where in-person attendance is required and $250 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such committee meetings (excluding shareholder meetings) where in-person attendance is not required and $100 per meeting when the Executive Committee acts as pricing committee for IPOs, plus, in each case, expenses incurred in attending such meetings, provided that no fees are received for meetings held on days on which regularly scheduled Board meetings are held and (g) a fee of $2,500 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at Closed-End Funds Committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $2,000 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required; provided that no fees are received for meetings held on days on which regularly scheduled Board meetings are held. In addition to the payments described above, the Chairman of the Board receives $80,000, the chairpersons of the Audit Committee, the Dividend Committee, the Compliance, Risk Management and Regulatory Oversight Committee and the Closed-End Funds Committee receive $12,500 each and the chairperson of the Nominating and Governance Committee receives $5,000 as additional retainers. Independent trustees also receive a fee of $3,000 per day for site visits to entities that provide services to the Nuveen Funds on days on which no board meeting is held. When ad hoc committees are organized, the Nominating and Governance Committee will at the time of formation determine compensation to be paid to the members of such committee; however, in general, such fees will be $1,000 per meeting for attendance in-person or by telephone at ad hoc committee meetings where in-person attendance is required and $500 per meeting for attendance by telephone or in-person at such meetings where in-person attendance is not required. The annual retainer, fees and expenses are allocated among the Nuveen Funds on the basis of relative net assets, although management may, in its discretion, establish a minimum amount to be allocated to each fund. In certain instances fees and expenses will be allocated only to those Nuveen Funds that are discussed at a given meeting.
The Fund has no employees. The officers of the Fund and the trustees of the Fund who are not independent trustees serve without any compensation from the Fund.
INVESTMENT ADVISER, SUB-ADVISER AND PORTFOLIO MANAGER
Investment Adviser. Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC, the Funds investment adviser, is responsible for overseeing the Funds overall investment strategy and implementation. NFALLC offers advisory and investment management services to a broad range of investment company clients. NFALLC has overall responsibility for management of the Fund, oversees the management of the Funds portfolio, manages the Funds business affairs and provides certain clerical, bookkeeping and other administrative services. NFALLC is located at 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. NFALLC is a subsidiary of Nuveen, LLC, the investment management
39
arm of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America (TIAA). TIAA is a life insurance company founded in 1918 by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and is the companion organization of College Retirement Equities Fund. As of June 30, 2017, Nuveen managed approximately $929 billion in assets, of which approximately $134 billion was managed by NFALLC.
Investment Management Agreement and Related Fees. Pursuant to an investment management agreement between NFALLC and the Fund (the Investment Management Agreement), the Fund has agreed to pay an annual management fee for the overall advisory and administrative services and general office facilities provided by NFALLC. The Funds management fee is separated into two componentsa complex-level component, based on the aggregate amount of all fund assets managed by NFALLC, and a specific fund-level component, based only on the amount of assets within the Fund. This pricing structure enables Nuveen fund shareholders to benefit from growth in the assets within each individual fund as well as from growth in the amount of complex-wide assets managed by NFALLC.
Fund-Level Fee.
Through July 31, 2016, the annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, was calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets(1) |
Fund-Level Fee Rate | |||
For the first $125 million |
0.5500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.5375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.5250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.5125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.5000 | % | ||
For managed assets over $2 billion |
0.4750 | % |
Effective August 1, 2016, the annual fund-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Average Daily Managed Assets(1) |
Fund-Level Fee Rate | |||
For the first $125 million |
0.5500 | % | ||
For the next $125 million |
0.5375 | % | ||
For the next $250 million |
0.5250 | % | ||
For the next $500 million |
0.5125 | % | ||
For the next $1 billion |
0.5000 | % | ||
For the next $3 billion |
0.4750 | % | ||
For managed assets over $5 billion |
0.4625 | % |
Complex-Level Fee. The annual complex-level fee for the Fund, payable monthly, is calculated according to the following schedule:
Complex-Level Managed |
Effective Rate
at Breakpoint Level |
|||
$55 billion |
0.2000 | % | ||
$56 billion |
0.1996 | % | ||
$57 billion |
0.1989 | % | ||
$60 billion |
0.1961 | % | ||
$63 billion |
0.1931 | % | ||
$66 billion |
0.1900 | % | ||
$71 billion |
0.1851 | % | ||
$76 billion |
0.1806 | % | ||
$80 billion |
0.1773 | % | ||
$91 billion |
0.1691 | % |
40
Complex-Level Managed |
Effective Rate
at Breakpoint Level |
|||
$125 billion |
0.1599 | % | ||
$200 billion |
0.1505 | % | ||
$250 billion |
0.1469 | % | ||
$300 billion |
0.1445 | % |
(1) | For the fund-level and complex-level fees, managed assets include closed-end fund assets managed by NFALLC that are attributable to certain types of leverage. For these purposes, leverage includes the funds use of preferred stock and borrowings and certain investments in the residual interest certificates (also called inverse floating rate securities) in tender option bond (TOB) trusts, including the portion of assets held by a TOB trust that has been effectively financed by the trusts issuance of floating rate securities, subject to an agreement by NFALLC as to certain funds to limit the amount of such assets for determining managed assets in certain circumstances. The complex-level fee is calculated based upon the aggregate daily managed assets of all Nuveen funds that constitute eligible assets. Eligible assets do not include assets attributable to investments in other Nuveen funds or assets in excess of a determined amount (originally $2 billion) added to the Nuveen Fund complex in connection with NFALLCs assumption of the management of the former First American Funds effective January 1, 2011. As of April 30, 2017, the complex-level fee rate for the Fund was 0.1610%. |
The following table sets forth the management fee paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal years:
Management Fee Net of Expense |
Expense | |||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2014 |
$6,405,871 | $ | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2015 |
$6,719,296 | $ | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 |
$7,334,240 | $ |
In addition to the fee of NFALLC, the Fund pays all other costs and expenses of its operations, including compensation of its Trustees (other than those affiliated with NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management), custodian, transfer agency and dividend disbursing expenses, legal fees, expenses of independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses of issuing preferred shares, if any, expenses of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports, notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies and taxes, if any. All fees and expenses are accrued daily and deducted before payment of dividends to investors.
A discussion regarding the Boards most recent approval of the Investment Management Agreement may be found in the Funds annual report to shareholders dated October 31 of each year.
Sub-Adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, LLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, serves as the Funds sub-adviser pursuant to a sub-advisory agreement between NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management (the Sub-Advisory Agreement). Nuveen Asset Management, a registered investment adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of NFALLC. Nuveen Asset Management oversees day-to-day operations and provides portfolio management services to the Fund. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management will be compensated for the services it provides to the Fund with a portion of the management fee NFALLC receives from the Fund. NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management retain the right to reallocate investment advisory responsibilities and fees between themselves in the future.
Sub-Advisory Agreement and Related Fees. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, Nuveen Asset Management receives from NFALLC a management fee equal to 46.6667% of NFALLCs net management fee from the Fund.
41
The following table sets forth the management fee paid by NFALLC to Nuveen Asset Management for the last three fiscal years:
Sub-Advisory Fee Paid by NFALLC to Nuveen Asset Management |
||||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2014 |
$ | 2,989,409 | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2015 |
$ | 3,135,674 | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 |
$ | 3,422,647 |
A discussion regarding the Boards most recent approval of the Sub-Advisory Agreement may be found in the Funds annual report to shareholders dated October 31 of each year.
Portfolio Manager. Unless otherwise indicated, the information below is provided as of the date of this SAI.
Portfolio Management. John V. Miller, CFA, (the Portfolio Manager) joined Nuveens investment management team as a credit analyst in 1996, with three prior years of experience in the municipal market with a private account management firm. He has a BA in Economics and Political Science from Duke University, and an MA in Economics from Northwestern University and an MBA with honors in Finance from the University of Chicago. He has been responsible for analysis of high yield credits in the utility, solid waste and energy related sectors. He is a Managing Director and Co-Head of Fixed Income of Nuveen Asset Management. He manages investments for ten Nuveen-sponsored investment companies.
Other Accounts Managed. The Portfolio Manager also has responsibility for the day-to-day management of accounts other than the Fund. Information regarding these other accounts is set forth below.
NUMBER OF OTHER ACCOUNTS MANAGED AND ASSETS BY ACCOUNT TYPE AS OF OCTOBER 31, 2016 |
||||||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager |
Type of Account |
Total Number of Accounts |
Total Assets |
Number of Accounts with Performance Based Fees |
Assets of Accounts with Performance Based Fees |
|||||||||||||
John V. Miller |
Registered Investment Companies |
10 | $25.03 billion | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||||||||||
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
9 | $217 million | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||||
Other Accounts |
15 | $12 million | 0 | 0 |
The Portfolio Manager is responsible for managing the Fund and other accounts, including separate accounts and unregistered funds.
As shown in the above table, the Portfolio Manager may manage accounts in addition to the Fund. The potential for conflicts of interest exists when the Portfolio Manager manages other accounts with similar investment objectives and strategies to the Fund (Similar Accounts). Potential conflicts may include, for example, conflicts between investment strategies and conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities.
Responsibility for managing NFALLCs clients portfolios is organized according to investment strategies. Generally, client portfolios with similar strategies are managed using the same objectives, approach and philosophy. Therefore, portfolio holdings, relative position sizes and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios which minimizes the potential for conflicts of interest.
NFALLC may receive more compensation with respect to certain Similar Accounts than that received with respect to the Fund or may receive compensation based in part on the performance of certain Similar Accounts. This may create a potential conflict of interest for the Portfolio Manager by providing an incentive to favor these Similar Accounts when, for example, placing securities transactions. Potential conflicts of interest may arise with both the aggregation and allocation of securities transactions and allocation of limited investment opportunities.
42
Allocations of aggregated trades, particularly trade orders that were only partially completed due to limited availability, and allocation of investment opportunities generally, could raise a potential conflict of interest.
Nuveen Asset Management has policies and procedures designed to manage these conflicts described above such as allocation of investment opportunities to achieve fair and equitable allocation of investment opportunities among its clients over time. For example, orders for the same equity security are aggregated on a continual basis throughout each trading day consistent with Nuveen Asset Managements duty of best execution for its clients. If aggregated trades are fully executed, accounts participating in the trade will be allocated their pro rata share on an average price basis. Partially completed orders will be allocated among the participating accounts on a pro-rata average price basis as well.
Compensation. The Portfolio Managers compensation consists primarily of base pay, an annual cash bonus and long-term incentive payments.
Base pay. Base pay is determined based upon an analysis of the Portfolio Managers general performance, experience, and market levels of base pay for such position.
Annual cash bonus. The Portfolio Manager is eligible for an annual cash bonus based on investment performance, qualitative evaluation and financial performance of Nuveen Asset Management.
A portion of the Portfolio Managers annual cash bonus is based on the Funds pre-tax investment performance, generally measured over the past one- and three or five-year periods unless the Portfolio Managers tenure is shorter. Investment performance for the Fund generally is determined by evaluating the Funds performance relative to its benchmark(s) and/or Lipper industry peer group.
A portion of the cash bonus is based on a qualitative evaluation made by the Portfolio Managers supervisor taking into consideration a number of factors, including the Portfolio Managers team collaboration, expense management, support of personnel responsible for asset growth, and his or her compliance with Nuveen Asset Managements policies and procedures.
The final factor influencing the Portfolio Managers cash bonus is the financial performance of Nuveen Asset Management based on its operating earnings.
Long-term incentive compensation. Certain key employees of Nuveen Asset Management, including certain portfolio managers, have received profits interests in Nuveen Asset Management which entitle their holders to participate in the firms growth over time.
Material Conflicts of Interest. Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one account. More specifically, portfolio managers who manage multiple accounts are presented a number of potential conflicts, including, among others, those discussed below.
The management of multiple accounts may result in a portfolio manager devoting unequal time and attention to the management of each account. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most accounts managed by a portfolio manager in a particular investment strategy are managed using the same investment models.
If a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity which may be suitable for more than one account, an account may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of filled purchase or sale orders across all eligible accounts. To deal with these situations, Nuveen Asset Management has adopted procedures for allocating limited opportunities across multiple accounts.
43
With respect to many of its clients accounts, Nuveen Asset Management determines which broker to use to execute transaction orders, consistent with its duty to seek best execution of the transaction. However, with respect to certain other accounts, Nuveen Asset Management may be limited by the client with respect to the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades through a particular broker. In these cases, Nuveen Asset Management may place separate, non-simultaneous, transactions for the Fund and other accounts which may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the Fund or the other accounts.
Some clients are subject to different regulations. As a consequence of this difference in regulatory requirements, some clients may not be permitted to engage in all the investment techniques or transactions or to engage in these transactions to the same extent as the other accounts managed by the portfolio manager. Finally, the appearance of a conflict of interest may arise where Nuveen Asset Management has an incentive, such as a performance-based management fee, which relates to the management of some accounts, with respect to which a portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities.
Nuveen Asset Management has adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts common among investment managers. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.
Fund Shares Owned by the Portfolio Manager. As of October 31, 2016, the Portfolio Manager beneficially owned (as determined pursuant to Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act) shares of the Fund having values within the indicated dollar range.
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities Beneficially Owned in the Fund | |
John V. Miller |
$500,001 - $1,000,000 |
The Fund, NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management, Nuveen Securities and other related entities have adopted a combined Code of Ethics (Code of Ethics) that essentially prohibits certain of their personnel, including the Funds Portfolio Manager, from engaging in personal investments that compete or interfere with, or attempt to take advantage of a clients, including the Funds, anticipated or actual portfolio transactions, and are designed to assure that the interests of clients, including Fund shareholders, are placed before the interests of personnel in connection with personal investment transactions. Personnel subject to the Code of Ethics may purchase shares of the Fund subject to the restrictions set forth in the Code of Ethics. While personnel subject to the Code of Ethics may generally invest in securities in which the Fund may also invest, portfolio managers of municipal bond funds, such as the Fund may, not do so. A text-only version of the Code of Ethics of the Fund, NFALLC, Nuveen Asset Management, and Nuveen Securities can be viewed online or downloaded from the EDGAR Database on the SECs internet web site at www.sec.gov. You may also review and copy the Code of Ethics by visiting the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202-551-8090. In addition, copies of the Code of Ethics may be obtained, after mailing the appropriate duplicating fee, by writing to the SECs Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by e-mail request at publicinfo@sec.gov.
The Fund invests its assets generally in municipal securities. On rare occasions the Fund may acquire, directly or through a special purpose vehicle, equity securities of a municipal bond issuer whose securities the Fund already owns when such securities have deteriorated or are expected shortly to deteriorate significantly in credit quality. The purpose of acquiring equity securities generally will be to acquire control of the municipal
44
bond issuer and to seek to prevent the credit deterioration or facilitate the liquidation or other workout of the distressed issuers credit problem. In the course of exercising control of a distressed municipal issuer, Nuveen Asset Management may pursue the Funds interests in a variety of ways, which may entail negotiating and executing consents, agreements and other arrangements, and otherwise influencing the management of the issuer. Nuveen Asset Management does not consider such activities proxy voting for purposes of Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, but nevertheless provides reports to the Funds Board on its control activities on a quarterly basis.
In the rare event that a municipal issuer held by the Fund were to issue a proxy, or that the Fund were to receive a proxy issued by a cash management security, Nuveen Asset Management would either engage an independent third party to determine how the proxy should be voted or vote the proxy with the consent, or based on the instructions, of the Funds Board or its representative. In the case of a conflict of interest, the proxy would be submitted to the Funds Board to determine how the proxy should be voted. A member of Nuveen Asset Managements legal department would oversee the administration of the voting, and ensure that records were maintained in accordance with Rule 206(4)-6, reports were filed with the SEC on Form N-PX, and the results provided to the Funds Board and made available to shareholders as required by applicable rules. If applicable, information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available without charge, upon request, by calling (800) 257-8787 or from the Funds website at http://www.nuveen.com, and on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the supervision of the Board, Nuveen Asset Management is responsible for decisions to purchase and sell securities for the Fund, the negotiation of the prices to be paid and the allocation of transactions among various dealer firms. Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment by the Fund of brokerage commissions. There generally is no stated commission in the case of securities traded in the over-the-counter (OTC) market but the price paid by the Fund usually includes an undisclosed dealer commission or mark-up. Transactions in the OTC market can also be placed with broker-dealers who act as agents and charge brokerage commissions for effecting OTC transactions. The Fund may place its OTC transactions either directly with principal market makers, or with broker-dealers if that is consistent with Nuveen Asset Managements obligation to obtain best qualitative execution. In certain instances, the Fund may make purchases of underwritten issues at prices that include underwriting fees.
Portfolio securities may be purchased directly from an underwriter or in the OTC market from the principal dealers in such securities, unless it appears that a better price or execution may be obtained through other means. Portfolio securities will not be purchased from Nuveen Investments or its affiliates or affiliates of NFALLC except in compliance with the 1940 Act.
It is Nuveen Asset Managements policy to seek the best execution under the circumstances of each trade. Nuveen Asset Management will evaluate price as the primary consideration, with the financial condition, reputation and responsiveness of the dealer considered secondary in determining best execution. Given the best execution obtainable, it will be Nuveen Asset Managements practice to select dealers that, in addition, furnish research information (primarily credit analyses of issuers and general economic reports) and statistical and other services to Nuveen Asset Management. It is not possible to place a dollar value on information and statistical and other services received from dealers. Since it is only supplementary to Nuveen Asset Managements own research efforts, the receipt of research information is not expected to reduce significantly Nuveen Asset Managements expenses. While Nuveen Asset Management will be primarily responsible for the placement of the business of the Fund, Nuveen Asset Managements policies and practices in this regard must be consistent with the foregoing and will, at all times, be subject to review by the Funds Board.
Nuveen Asset Management may manage other investment accounts and investment companies for other clients that may invest in the same types of securities as the Fund and that may have investment objectives
45
similar to those of the Fund. Nuveen Asset Management seeks to allocate portfolio transactions equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or sell assets or securities by the Fund and another advisory account. If an aggregated order cannot be filled completely, allocations will generally be made on a pro rata basis. An order may not be allocated on a pro rata basis where, for example (i) consideration is given to portfolio managers who have been instrumental in developing or negotiating a particular investment; (ii) consideration is given to an account with specialized investment policies that coincide with the particulars of a specific investment; (iii) pro rata allocation would result in odd-lot or de minimis amounts being allocated to a portfolio or other client; or (iv) where Nuveen Asset Management reasonably determines that departure from a pro rata allocation is advisable. There may also be instances where the Fund will not participate at all in a transaction that is allocated among other accounts. While these allocation procedures could have a detrimental effect on the price or amount of the securities available to the Fund from time to time, it is the opinion of the Board that the benefits available from Nuveen Asset Managements management outweigh any disadvantage that may arise from Nuveen Asset Managements larger management activities and its need to allocate securities.
Substantially all of the Funds trades are effected on a principal basis. The following table sets forth the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for the last three fiscal years:
Fiscal Year Ended |
Brokerage Commissions Paid | |||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2014 |
$ | | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2015 |
$ | | ||
Fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 |
$ | |
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016, the Fund did not pay commissions to brokers in return for research services or hold any securities of its regular broker-dealers.
The Funds net asset value per share is determined as of the close of regular session trading (normally 4:00 p.m., eastern time) on each day the New York Stock Exchange (the NYSE) is open for business. Net asset value is calculated by taking the market value of the Funds total assets, including interest or dividends accrued but not yet collected, less all liabilities, and dividing by the total number of shares outstanding. The result, rounded to the nearest cent, is the net asset value per share. All valuations are subject to review by the Funds Board or its delegate, Nuveen Asset Management.
In determining net asset value, securities and other assets for which market quotations are available are valued daily at market value and expenses are accrued and applied daily. The prices of fixed income securities are provided by a pricing service and are based on the mean between the bid and asked price. When price quotes are not readily available, which is typically the case for municipal bonds, the pricing service establishes a securitys fair value based on various factors, including prices of comparable fixed income securities utilizing a matrix pricing system. Due to the subjective and variable nature of fair value pricing, it is possible that the fair value determined for a particular security may be different from the value realized upon the sale of the security.
Certain securities may not be able to be priced by pre-established pricing methods. Such securities may be valued by the Board or its delegate at fair value. These securities generally include but are not limited to, restricted securities (securities that may not be publicly sold without registration under the 1933 Act) for which a pricing service is unable to provide a market price; securities whose trading has been formally suspended; debt securities that have gone into default and for which there is no current market quotation; a security whose market price is not available from a pre-established pricing source; a security with respect to which an event has occurred that is likely to materially affect the value of the security after the market has closed but before the calculation of net asset value; a security with respect to which an event has occurred that is likely to make it difficult or impossible to obtain a reliable market quotation; and a security whose price, as provided by the pricing service, does not reflect the securitys fair value. As a general principle, the current fair value of a
46
security would be the amount that the owner might reasonably expect to receive for it upon its current sale. A variety of factors may be considered in determining the fair value of such securities.
The Fund pays regular monthly distributions to Common Shareholders at a level rate (stated in terms of a fixed cents per Common Share dividend rate) that reflects the past and projected performance of the Fund. Distributions can only be made from net investment income after paying any interest and required principal payments on borrowings to VMTP Shareholders.
To permit the Fund to maintain a more stable monthly distribution, the Fund may from time to time distribute less than the entire amount of net investment income earned in a particular period. Such undistributed net investment income would be available to supplement future distributions, including distributions that might otherwise have been reduced by a decrease in the Funds monthly net income due to fluctuations in investment income or expenses, an increase in interest payments on borrowings or due to an increase in the dividend rate on the Funds outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares. As a result, the distributions paid by the Fund for any particular period may be more or less than the amount of net investment income actually earned by the Fund during such period. However, the Fund intends to maintain distributions of net investment income for any period in amounts sufficient to continue to qualify for treatment under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Internal Revenue Code) as a regulated investment company (as explained more fully below in Tax Matters). Undistributed net investment income will be added to the Funds net asset value and, correspondingly, distributions from undistributed net investment income will be deducted from the Funds net asset value.
As explained more fully below in Tax Matters, at least annually, the Fund intends to distribute to Common Shareholders any net capital gain (which is the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) after paying any interest and required principal payments on borrowings and making any redemption or liquidation payments to VMTP Shareholders or, alternatively, to retain all or a portion of the years net capital gain and pay federal income tax on the retained gain. Provided the Fund satisfies certain requirements, each Common Shareholder of record as of the end of the Funds taxable year will include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, his or her share of the retained gain, will be deemed to have paid his or her proportionate share of tax paid by the Fund on such retained gain, and will be entitled to an income tax credit or refund for that share of the tax.
For tax purposes, the Fund is currently required to allocate net capital gain and other taxable income, if any, between Common Shares and VMTP Shares in proportion to total dividends paid to each class for the year in which such net capital gain or other taxable income is realized. For information relating to the impact of the issuance of VMTP Shares on the distributions made by the Fund to Common Shareholders, see the Funds Prospectus under Use of Leverage.
If preferred shares are outstanding, the Fund may not declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless at the time of such declaration (1) all accumulated dividends on the preferred shares have been paid, (2) all interest and required principal on borrowings has been paid, (3) the net asset value of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of any outstanding preferred shares and (4) the net asset value of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or other distribution) is at least 300% of the value of the Funds borrowings. These limitations on the Funds ability to make distributions on its Common Shares could under certain circumstances impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for treatment as a regulated investment company.
The Fund reserves the right to change its distribution policy and the basis for establishing the rate of its monthly distributions at any time, subject to a finding by the Funds Board that such change is in the best interests of the Fund and its Common Shareholders. See Distributions in the Prospectus.
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If your Common Shares are registered directly with the Fund or if you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that participates in the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), you may elect to have all dividends, including any capital gain dividends, on your Common Shares automatically reinvested by the Plan Agent (defined below) in additional Common Shares under the Plan. You may elect to participate in the Plan by contacting Nuveen Investor Services at (800) 257-8787. If you do not participate, you will receive all distributions in cash paid by check mailed directly to you or your brokerage firm by State Street Bank and Trust Company as dividend paying agent (the Plan Agent).
If you decide to participate in the Plan, the number of Common Shares you will receive will be determined as follows:
(1) | If Common Shares are trading at or above net asset value at the time of valuation, the Fund will issue new shares at the then current market price; |
(2) | If Common Shares are trading below net asset value at the time of valuation, the Plan Agent will receive the dividend or distribution in cash and will purchase Common Shares in the open market, on the NYSE or elsewhere, for the participants accounts. It is possible that the market price for the Common Shares may increase before the Plan Agent has completed its purchases. Therefore, the average purchase price per share paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the market price at the time of valuation, resulting in the purchase of fewer shares than if the dividend or distribution had been paid in Common Shares issued by the Fund. The Plan Agent will use all dividends and distributions received in cash to purchase Common Shares in the open market within 30 days of the valuation date. Interest will not be paid on any uninvested cash payments; or |
(3) | If the Plan Agent begins purchasing Fund shares on the open market while shares are trading below net asset value, but the Funds shares subsequently trade at or above their net asset value before the Plan Agent is able to complete its purchases, the Plan Agent may cease open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of the distribution in newly-issued Fund shares at a price equal to the greater of the shares net asset value or 95% of the shares market value. |
You may withdraw from the Plan at any time by giving written notice to the Plan Agent. If you withdraw or the Plan is terminated, you will receive whole shares in your account under the Plan and you will receive a cash payment for any fraction of a share in your account. If you wish, the Plan Agent will sell your shares and send you the proceeds, minus brokerage commissions and a $2.50 service fee.
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the Plan and gives written confirmation of all transactions in the accounts, including information you may need for tax records. Upon a repurchase of your shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) may be required to report to the IRS and furnish to you cost basis and holding period information for Fund shares that you purchased on or after January 1, 2012 (covered shares).
For shares of the Fund held in the Plan, you are permitted to elect from among several permitted cost basis methods. In the absence of an election, the Plan will use first-in first-out (FIFO) methodology for tracking and reporting your cost basis on covered shares as its default cost basis method. The cost basis method you use may not be changed with respect to a repurchase by the Fund of shares after the settlement date of the repurchase. You should consult with your tax advisors to determine the best permitted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how the cost basis reporting rules apply to you. Shareholders should also carefully review any cost basis information provided to them and make any additional basis, holding period or other adjustments that are required when reporting these amounts on their federal income tax returns.
Common Shares in your account will be held by the Plan Agent in non-certificated form. Any proxy you receive will include all Common Shares you have received under the Plan.
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There is no brokerage charge for reinvestment of your dividends or distributions in Common Shares. However, all participants will pay a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred by the Plan Agent when it makes open market purchases.
Automatically reinvesting dividends and distributions does not mean that you do not have to pay income taxes due upon receiving dividends and distributions.
If you hold your Common Shares with a brokerage firm that does not participate in the Plan, you will not be able to participate in the Plan and any dividend reinvestment may be effected on different terms than those described above. Consult your financial advisor for more information.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan if in the judgment of the Board the change is warranted. There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan; however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to include a service charge payable by the participants. Additional information about the Plan may be obtained from State Street Bank and Trust Company, Attn: ComputerShare Nuveen Investments, P.O. Box 43071, Providence, Rhode Island 02940-3071, (800) 257-8787.
The Fund may sell the Common Shares offered under the Prospectus and this SAI through
| at-the-market transactions; |
| underwriting syndicates; and |
| privately negotiated transactions. |
The Fund will bear the expenses of the offering, including but not limited to, the expenses of preparation of the Prospectus and this SAI for the offering, and the expense of counsel and auditors in connection with the offering.
Distribution Through At-The-Market Transactions
The Fund has entered into a distribution agreement with Nuveen Securities (the Distribution Agreement), which has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this SAI is a part. The summary of the Distribution Agreement contained herein is qualified by reference to the Distribution Agreement. Subject to the terms and conditions of the Distribution Agreement, the Fund may from time to time issue and sell its Common Shares through Nuveen Securities to certain broker-dealers which have entered into selected dealer agreements with Nuveen Securities. Currently, Nuveen Securities has entered into a selected dealer agreement (the Selected Dealer Agreement) with UBS Securities LLC (UBS) pursuant to which UBS will act as the sub-placement agent with respect to at-the-market offerings of the Common Shares. The Selected Dealer Agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this SAI forms a part. The summary of the Selected Dealer Agreement contained herein is qualified by reference to the Selected Dealer Agreement.
Common Shares will only be sold on such days as shall be agreed to by the Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS. Common Shares will be sold at market prices, which shall be determined with reference to trades on the NYSE, subject to a minimum price to be established each day by Nuveen Securities. The minimum price on any day will not be less than the current net asset value per Common Share plus the per share amount of the commission to be paid to Nuveen Securities. The Fund, Nuveen Securities and UBS will suspend the sale of Common Shares if the per share price of the shares is less than the minimum price.
The Fund will compensate Nuveen Securities with respect to sales of the Common Shares at a commission rate of up to 1.0% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. Nuveen Securities will compensate
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sub-placement agents or other broker-dealers at a rate of up to 0.8% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares sold by that sub-placement agent or broker-dealer. Settlements of sales of Common Shares will occur on the third business day following the date on which any such sales are made.
In connection with the sale of the Common Shares on behalf of the Fund, Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, and the compensation of Nuveen Securities may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts. Unless otherwise indicated in a further Prospectus supplement, Nuveen Securities will act as underwriter on a reasonable efforts basis.
The offering of Common Shares pursuant to the Distribution Agreement will terminate upon the earlier of (i) the sale of all Common Shares subject thereto or (ii) termination of the Distribution Agreement. The Fund and Nuveen Securities each have the right to terminate the Distribution Agreement in its discretion at any time.
The Fund currently intends to distribute the shares offered pursuant to the Prospectus and this SAI primarily through at-the-market transactions, although from time to time it may also distribute shares through an underwriting syndicate or a privately negotiated transaction. To the extent shares are distributed other than through at-the-market transactions, the Fund will file a supplement to the Prospectus and this SAI describing such transactions.
The Funds closing price on the NYSE on August 2, 2017 was $13.66.
UBS, its affiliates and their respective employees hold or may hold in the future, directly or indirectly, investment interests in Nuveen Investments and its funds. The interests held by employees of UBS or its affiliates are not attributable to, and no investment discretion is held by, UBS or its affiliates.
Distribution Through Underwriting Syndicates
The Fund from time to time may issue additional Common Shares through a syndicated secondary offering. In order to limit the impact on the market price of the Funds Common Shares, underwriters will market and price the offering on an expedited basis, e.g., in an overnight or similarly abbreviated offering period. The Fund will launch a syndicated offering on a day, and upon terms, mutually agreed upon between the Fund, Nuveen Securities, one of the Funds underwriters, and the underwriting syndicate.
The Fund will offer its shares at a price equal to a specified discount of up to 2% from the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date. The applicable discount will be negotiated by the Fund and Nuveen Securities in consultation with the underwriting syndicate on a transaction-by-transaction basis. The Fund will compensate the underwriting syndicate out of the proceeds of the offering based upon a sales load of up to 4% of the gross proceeds of the sale of Common Shares. The minimum net proceeds per share to the Fund will not be less than the greater of (i) the Funds latest net asset value per Common Share or (ii) 94% of the closing market price of the Funds Common Shares on the day prior to the offering date.
Distribution Through Privately Negotiated Transactions
The Fund, through Nuveen Securities, from time to time may sell directly to, and solicit offers from, institutional and other sophisticated investors, who may be deemed to be underwriters, as defined in the 1933 Act, for any resale of the Common Shares. No sales commission or other compensation will be paid to Nuveen Securities or any other FINRA member in connection with such transaction.
The terms of such privately negotiated transactions will be subject to the discretion of the management of the Fund. In determining whether to sell Common Shares through a privately negotiated transaction, the Fund will consider relevant factors including, but not limited to, the attractiveness of obtaining additional funds
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through the sale of Common Shares, the purchase price to apply to any such sale of Common Shares and the person seeking to purchase the Common Shares.
Common Shares issued by the Fund through privately negotiated transactions will be issued at a price equal to the greater of (i) the net asset value per Common Share of the Funds Common Shares or (ii) at a discount ranging from 0% to 5% of the average daily closing market price of the Funds Common Shares at the close of business on the two business days preceding the date upon which Common Shares are sold pursuant to the privately negotiated transaction. The applicable discount will be determined by the Fund on a transaction-by-transaction basis.
The principal business address of Nuveen Securities is 333 West Wacker Drive, Suite 3300, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
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COMMON SHARES
The Declaration of Trust (the Declaration) authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of Common Shares. The Common Shares being offered have a par value of $0.01 per share and, subject to the rights of holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, and borrowings, if incurred have equal rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation. The Common Shares being offered will, when issued, be fully paid and, subject to matters discussed in Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust, non-assessable, and will have no pre-emptive or conversion rights or rights to cumulative voting. Each whole share (Common or preferred) has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required, and each fractional share shall be entitled to a proportional fractional vote, consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder, and will vote together as a single class. Whenever the Fund incurs borrowings and/or preferred shares are outstanding, Common Shareholders will not be entitled to receive any cash distributions from the Fund unless all interest on such borrowings has been paid and all accrued dividends on preferred shares have been paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to any borrowings would be at least 300% after giving effect to the distributions and asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with respect to preferred shares would be at least 200% after giving effect to the distributions. See Preferred Shares below.
The Common Shares are listed on the NYSE and trade under the ticker symbol NMZ. The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such listing. The Fund will not issue share certificates.
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not provide daily redemptions. Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional Common Shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may conveniently do so by trading on the NYSE through a broker or otherwise. Shares of closed-end investment companies may frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower than net asset value. Shares of closed-end investment companies like the Fund have during some periods traded at prices higher than net asset value and have during other periods traded at prices lower than net asset value.
Because the market value of the Common Shares may be influenced by such factors as distribution levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), call protection, dividend stability, portfolio credit quality, net asset value, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that Common Shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than net asset value in the future. The Common Shares are designed primarily for long-term investors, and investors in the Common Shares should not view the Fund as a vehicle for trading purposes.
BORROWINGS
The Declaration authorizes the Fund, without approval of the Common Shareholders, to borrow money. In this connection, the Fund may issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness (including bank borrowings or commercial paper) and may secure any such borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the Funds assets. The Fund expects to borrow money at rates generally available to institutional investors. In connection with such borrowings, the Fund may be required to maintain minimum average balances with the lender or to pay a commitment or other fee to maintain a line of credit. Any such requirements will increase the cost of any such borrowings over the stated interest rate. Under the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund, immediately after any such Borrowings, must have an asset coverage of at least 300%. With respect to any such borrowings, asset coverage means the ratio that the value of the total assets of the Fund, less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act), bears to the aggregate amount of such borrowings represented by senior securities issued by the Fund. Certain types of borrowings may result in the Fund being subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverages or portfolio coverages or otherwise. In addition, as with the issuance of VMTP Shares, certain types of borrowings
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may result in the Fund being subject to certain restrictions imposed by guidelines of one or more rating agencies that may issue ratings for commercial paper or notes issued by the Fund. Such restrictions may be more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act.
The rights of lenders to the Fund to receive interest on and repayment of principal of any such borrowings will be senior to those of the Common Shareholders, and the terms of any such borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain activities of the Fund, including the payment of dividends to Common Shareholders in certain circumstances. Further, the 1940 Act does (in certain circumstances) grant to the lenders to the Fund certain voting rights in the event of default in the payment of interest on or repayment of principal. In the event that such provisions would impair the Funds eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code, the Fund will attempt to repay or restructure the borrowings to preserve that eligibility. Any borrowings will likely be ranked senior or equal to all other existing and future borrowings of the Fund. The Fund may also borrow money for repurchase of its shares as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency situations.
PREFERRED SHARES
The Declaration authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of preferred shares in one or more classes or series, with rights as determined by the Board, by action of the Board without the approval of the Common Shareholders. The Funds Board authorized the offering of VMTP Shares. As of October 31, 2016, there were 870 VMTP Shares outstanding. The VMTP Shares pay dividends at rates based on short-term periods (ranging from seven days to five years) (which are reset periodically pursuant to an auction). The preference on distribution, liquidation preference, voting rights and redemption provisions of the VMTP Shares are as stated below. The decision to issue additional preferred shares is subject to market conditions and to the Boards belief that leveraging the Funds capital structure through the issuance of preferred shares is likely to achieve the benefits to the Common Shareholders described in the Prospectus.
Limited Issuance of Preferred Shares. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund could issue preferred shares with an aggregate liquidation value of up to one-half (50%) of the value of the Funds total net assets, including any liabilities associated with borrowings, measured immediately after issuance of the preferred shares. Liquidation value means the original purchase price of the shares being liquidated plus any accrued and unpaid dividends. In addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other distribution on its Common Shares unless the liquidation value of the preferred shares is less than one-half of the value of the Funds total net assets (determined after deducting the amount of such dividend or distribution) immediately after the distribution. The Fund intends to purchase or redeem preferred shares, if necessary, to keep that percentage below 50%.
Distribution Preference. Preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would have complete priority over the Common Shares as to distribution of assets.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, holders of preferred shares, if issued in the future, will be entitled to receive a preferential liquidating distribution (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus accumulated and unpaid dividends thereon, whether or not earned or declared) before any distribution of assets is made to Common Shareholders.
Voting Rights. Holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, voting as a separate class, will be entitled to elect two of the Funds trustees (following the establishment of the Fund by an initial trustee, the Declaration provides for a total of no less than two and no more than 12 trustees). The remaining trustees will be elected by Common Shareholders and holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, voting together as a single class. In the unlikely event that two full years of accrued dividends are unpaid on the preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, the holders of all outstanding preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, voting as a
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separate class, will be entitled to elect a majority of the Funds trustees until all dividends in arrears have been paid or declared and set apart for payment. In order for the Fund to take certain actions or enter into certain transactions, a separate class vote of holders of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, will be required, in addition to the single class vote of the holders of preferred shares including VMTP Shares, and Common Shares.
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares. The terms of any preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, would provide that they may be redeemed by the issuer at certain times, in whole or in part, at the original purchase price per share plus accumulated dividends. Any redemption or purchase of preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, by the Fund would reduce the leverage applicable to Common Shares, while any issuance of shares by the Fund will increase such leverage.
The Fund applied for and obtained ratings for its VMTP Shares from NRSROs. As long as VMTP Shares are outstanding, the composition of the Funds portfolio would reflect guidelines established by such NRSROs. Based on previous guidelines established by such NRSROs for the securities of other issuers, the Fund anticipates that the guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that are more stringent than those imposed on the Fund by the 1940 Act. However, at this time, no assurance can be given as to the nature or extent of the guidelines that may be imposed in connection with obtaining a rating of any VMTP Shares.
Currently, VMTP Shares are rated by one NRSRO. The Fund is obligated only to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause at least one NRSRO to publish a credit rating with respect to its VMTP Shares for so long as VMTP Shares are outstanding. The Fund may choose a different NRSRO or NRSROs to rate VMTP Shares and the ratings of VMTP Shares may vary. The Fund may be subject to certain restrictions or guidelines by an NRSRO to achieve a desired rating. Such restrictions and guidelines vary by NRSRO and by desired ratings. These guidelines generally include asset coverage requirements; portfolio characteristics such as portfolio diversification and credit rating criteria; and qualitative views on the fund and fund management. While these restrictions and guidelines may impose different requirements than those under the 1940 Act, it is not anticipated that these restrictions or guidelines will impede the management of the Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds investment objectives and policies.
NRSRO ratings of the Funds outstanding preferred shares neither eliminate nor mitigate the risks of investing in Common Shares. See Investment Objectives in this SAI.
CERTAIN PROVISIONS IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
Under Massachusetts law, shareholders could, under certain circumstances, be held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. However, the Declaration contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for debts or obligations of the Fund and requires that notice of such limited liability be given in each agreement, obligation or instrument entered into or executed by the Fund or the trustees. The Declaration further provides for indemnification out of the assets and property of the Fund for all loss and expense of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Fund. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which the Fund would be unable to meet its obligations. The Fund believes that the likelihood of such circumstances is remote.
The Declaration includes provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to convert the Fund to open-end status. Specifically, the Declaration requires a vote by holders of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and VMTP Shares, voting together as a single class, except as described below, to authorize (1) a conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company, (2) a merger or consolidation of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or a reorganization of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund, (3) a sale, lease or transfer of all or substantially all of the Funds assets (other than in the regular course of the Funds
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investment activities), (4) in certain circumstances, a termination of the Fund, or a series or class of the Fund or (5) removal of trustees by shareholders, and then only for cause, unless, with respect to (1) through (4), such transaction has already been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, in which case the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds Common Shares and VMTP Shares outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, is required, provided, however, that where only a particular class or series is affected (or, in the case of removing a trustee, when the trustee has been elected by only one class), the required vote only by the applicable class or series will be required. Approval of shareholders is not required, however, for any transaction, whether deemed a merger, consolidation, reorganization or otherwise whereby the Fund issues shares in connection with the acquisition of assets (including those subject to liabilities) from any other investment company or similar entity. In the case of the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company, or in the case of any of the foregoing transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of VMTP Shares, the action in question will also require the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds VMTP Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, or, if such action has been authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or the By-Laws, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the Funds VMTP Shares outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class. None of the foregoing provisions may be amended except by the vote of at least two-thirds of the Common Shares and VMTP Shares voting together as a single class. The votes required to approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company or to approve transactions constituting a plan of reorganization which adversely affects the holders of VMTP Shares are higher than those required by the 1940 Act. The Board believes that the provisions of the Declaration relating to such higher votes are in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders.
Reference should be made to the Declaration on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
The Declaration provides that the obligations of the Fund are not binding upon the trustees of the Fund individually, but only upon the assets and property of the Fund, and that the trustees shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. Nothing in the Declaration, however, protects a trustee against any liability to which he would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office.
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REPURCHASE OF FUND SHARES; CONVERSION TO OPEN-END FUND
The Fund is a closed-end investment company and as such its shareholders will not have the right to cause the Fund to redeem their shares. Instead, the Funds Common Shares will trade in the open market at a price that will be a function of several factors, including dividend levels (which are in turn affected by expenses), net asset value, call protection, price, dividend stability, relative demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general market and economic conditions and other factors. Because shares of a closed-end investment company may frequently trade at prices lower than net asset value, the Funds Board has currently determined that, at least annually, it will consider action that might be taken to reduce or eliminate any material discount from net asset value in respect of Common Shares, which may include the repurchase of such shares in the open market or in private transactions, the making of a tender offer for such shares at net asset value, or the conversion of the Fund to an open-end investment company. There can be no assurance, however, that the Board will decide to take any of these actions, or that share repurchases or tender offers, if undertaken, will reduce market discount.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time if the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, including VMTP Shares, the Fund may not purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any of its Common Shares unless (1) all accrued preferred shares dividends have been paid and (2) at the time of such purchase, redemption or acquisition, the net asset value of the Funds portfolio (determined after deducting the acquisition price of the Common Shares) is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the outstanding preferred shares (expected to equal the original purchase price per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends thereon). The staff of the SEC currently requires that any tender offer made by a closed-end investment company for its shares must be at a price equal to the net asset value of such shares at the close of business on the last day of the tender offer. Any service fees incurred in connection with any tender offer made by the Fund will be borne by the Fund and will not reduce the stated consideration to be paid to tendering shareholders.
Subject to its investment limitations, the Fund may borrow to finance the repurchase of shares or to make a tender offer. Interest on any borrowings to finance share repurchase transactions or the accumulation of cash by the Fund in anticipation of share repurchases or tenders will reduce the Funds net income. Any share repurchase, tender offer or borrowing that might be approved by the Board would have to comply with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
Although the decision to take action in response to a discount from net asset value will be made by the Board of the Fund at the time it considers such issue, it is the Boards present policy, which may be changed by the Board, not to authorize repurchases of Common Shares or a tender offer for such shares if (1) such transactions, if consummated, would (a) result in the delisting of the Common Shares from the NYSE, or (b) impair the Funds eligibility for treatment as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code or impair the Funds status as a registered closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act; (2) the Fund would not be able to liquidate portfolio securities in an orderly manner and consistent with the Funds investment objectives and policies in order to repurchase shares; or (3) there is, in the Boards judgment, any (a) material legal action or proceeding instituted or threatened challenging such transactions or otherwise materially adversely affecting the Fund, (b) general suspension of or limitation on prices for trading securities on the NYSE, (c) declaration of a banking moratorium by federal or state authorities or any suspension of payment by United States or state banks in which the Fund invests, (d) material limitation affecting the Fund or the issuers of its portfolio securities by federal or state authorities on the extension of credit by lending institutions or on the exchange of foreign currency, (e) commencement of war, armed hostilities or other international or national calamity directly or indirectly involving the United States, or (f) other event or condition which would have a material adverse effect (including any adverse tax effect) on the Fund or its shareholders if shares were repurchased. The Board may in the future modify these conditions in light of experience.
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Conversion to an open-end company would require the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds Common Shares and preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, outstanding at the time, voting together as a single class, and of the holders of at least two-thirds of the Funds preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, outstanding at the time, voting as a separate class, provided however, that such separate class vote shall be a majority vote if the action in question has previously been approved, adopted or authorized by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the total number of trustees fixed in accordance with the Declaration or By-Laws. See the Prospectus under Certain Provisions in the Declaration of Trust for a discussion of voting requirements applicable to conversion of the Fund to an open-end company. If the Fund converted to an open-end company, it would be required to redeem all preferred shares then outstanding, including VMTP Shares, and the Funds Common Shares would no longer be listed on the NYSE. Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares on any business day (except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares. Open-end companies are thus subject to periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management. The Board may at any time propose conversion of the Fund to an open-end company depending upon their judgment as to the advisability of such action in light of circumstances then prevailing.
The repurchase by the Fund of its shares at prices below net asset value would result in an increase in the net asset value of those shares that remain outstanding. However, there can be no assurance that share repurchases or tenders at or below net asset value would result in the Funds shares trading at a price equal to their net asset value. Nevertheless, the fact that the Funds shares may be the subject of repurchase or tender offers at net asset value from time to time, or that the Fund may be converted to an open-end company, may reduce any spread between market price and net asset value that might otherwise exist.
In addition, a purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares would decrease the Funds total assets which would likely have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio. Any purchase by the Fund of its Common Shares at a time when preferred shares are outstanding will increase the leverage applicable to the outstanding Common Shares then remaining.
Before deciding whether to take any action if the Funds Common Shares trade below net asset value, the Board of the Fund would consider all relevant factors, including the extent and duration of the discount, the liquidity of the Funds portfolio, the impact of any action that might be taken on the Fund or its shareholders and market considerations. Based on these considerations, even if the Funds shares should trade at a discount, the Board may determine that, in the interest of the Fund and its shareholders, no action should be taken.
The following is intended to be a general summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of investing, holding and disposing of Common Shares of the Fund. It is not intended to be a complete discussion of all such federal income tax consequences, nor does it purport to deal with all categories of investors (including investors in Common Shares with large positions in the Fund). Investors are advised to consult their own tax advisors before investing in the Fund.
The Fund has elected and intends to qualify each year to be treated, as a regulated investment company (a RIC), under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. The Fund also intends to satisfy conditions under which dividends on Common Shares attributable to interest on municipal securities are exempt from federal income tax in the hands of owners of such stock, subject to the possible application of the federal alternative minimum tax.
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To qualify under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code for treatment as a regulated investment company, the Fund must, among other things: (a) distribute to its shareholders each year at least 90% of the sum of (i) its investment company taxable income (as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid) and (ii) its net tax-exempt income (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest income over certain disallowed deductions), (b) derive at least 90% of its gross income (including income on municipal securities exempt from regular federal income tax) for each taxable year from dividends, interest (including interest income on municipal securities exempt from regular federal income tax), payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies, and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code), and (c) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of the Funds taxable year (i) at least 50% of the market value of the Funds assets is represented by cash, cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities, with these other securities limited, with respect to any one issuer, to an amount not greater in value than 5% of the Funds total assets, and to not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the market value of the Funds assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs), the securities of two or more issuers (other than securities of other RICs) controlled by the Fund and engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships. To meet these requirements, the Fund may need to restrict its use of certain of the investment techniques described under Investment Policies and Techniques and Other Investment Policies and Techniques above.
If the Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period of time. In order to be eligible for the relief provisions with respect to a failure to meet the diversification requirements, the Fund may be required to dispose of certain assets. If these relief provisions are not available to the Fund and it fails to qualify for treatment as a RIC for a taxable year, the Fund will be subject to tax at regular corporate tax rates (and, to the extent applicable, at corporate alternative minimum tax rates). In such an event, all distributions (including capital gains distributions and distributions derived from interest on municipal securities) will be taxable as ordinary dividends to the extent of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, subject to certain limitations the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders and to the lower tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income distributed to individuals. Distributions in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits would be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent of the holders adjusted tax basis in the shares (reducing that basis accordingly), and any remaining distributions would generally be treated as a capital gain. To requalify for treatment as a RIC in a subsequent taxable year, the Fund would be required to satisfy the RIC qualification requirements for that year and to distribute any earnings and profits from any year in which the Fund failed to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC. In addition, if the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than two taxable years, it would generally be required to pay a Fund-level tax on certain net built-in gains recognized with respect to certain of its assets upon a disposition of such assets within ten years of qualifying as a RIC in a subsequent year.
A RIC that fails to distribute, by the close of each calendar year, an amount at least equal to the sum of 98% of its ordinary taxable income for such year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income for the one-year period ending October 31 in such year, plus any shortfalls from the prior years required distribution, is liable for a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax on the excess of the required distribution for the applicable year over the distributed amount for such year. To avoid the imposition of this excise tax, the Fund generally intends, but makes no assurances, to make the required distributions of its ordinary taxable income, if any, and its capital gain net income.
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Certain minimum net asset value coverage limitations on distributions made with respect to Common Shares may under certain circumstances impair the ability of the Fund to maintain its qualification for treatment as a RIC or to pay distributions sufficient to avoid the imposition of the 4% federal excise tax.
As described in Distributions above, the Fund may retain for investment or otherwise use some (or all) of its net capital gain. If the Fund retains any net capital gain or taxable net investment income, it will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates on the amount retained. If the Fund retains any net capital gain, it may designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gains in a notice to its shareholders who, if subject to federal income tax on long-term capital gains, (i) will be required to include in income for federal income tax purposes, as long-term capital gain, their shares of such undistributed amount; (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate shares of the tax paid by the Fund on such undistributed amount and will be entitled to credit that amount of tax against their federal income tax liabilities, if any; and (iii) will be entitled to claim refunds to the extent the credit exceeds such liabilities. For federal income tax purposes, the tax basis of shares owned by a shareholder of the Fund will be increased by an amount equal to the difference between the amount of undistributed capital gains included in the shareholders gross income and the tax deemed paid by the shareholder.
The Fund intends to qualify to pay exempt-interest dividends, as defined in the Internal Revenue Code, to its Common Shares by satisfying the requirement that, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets consists of municipal securities. Exempt-interest dividends are dividends or any part thereof (other than a capital gain dividend) paid by the Fund which are attributable to interest on municipal securities and which are so reported by the Fund. Exempt-interest dividends will be exempt from federal income tax, subject to the possible application of the federal alternative minimum tax. Insurance proceeds received by the Fund under any insurance policies in respect of scheduled interest payments on defaulted municipal bonds, as described herein, will generally be correspondingly excludable from federal gross income. In the case of non-appropriation by a political subdivision, however, there can be no assurance that payments made by the issuer representing interest on municipal lease obligations will be excludable from gross income for federal income tax purposes. See Investment Policies and Techniques above. Any gains of the Fund that are attributable to market discount on municipal securities are treated as ordinary income to the extent of accrued market discount on those securities.
A 3.8% Medicare contribution tax generally applies to all or a portion of the net investment income of a shareholder who is an individual and not a nonresident alien for U.S. federal income tax purposes and who has adjusted gross income (subject to certain adjustments) that exceeds a threshold amount ($250,000 if married filing jointly or if considered a surviving spouse for federal income tax purposes, $125,000 if married filing separately, and $200,000 in other cases). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts. For these purposes, interest, dividends, and certain capital gains are generally taken into account in computing a shareholders net investment income, but exempt-interest dividends are not taken into account.
A portion of the Funds expenditures that would otherwise be deductible may not be allowed as deductions by reason of the Funds investment in municipal securities (such disallowed portion, in general, being the same percentage of the Funds aggregate expenses as the percentage of the Funds aggregate gross income that constitutes exempt interest income from municipal securities). A similar disallowance rule also applies to interest expense paid or incurred by the Fund, if any. Any such disallowed deductions will offset the Funds gross exempt-interest income for purposes of calculating the dividends that the Fund can report as exempt-interest dividends. Interest on indebtedness incurred or continued to purchase or carry the Funds shares is not deductible to the extent the interest relates to exempt-interest dividends. Under rules used by the IRS for determining when borrowed funds are considered used for the purpose of purchasing or carrying particular assets, the purchase or ownership of shares may be considered to have been made with borrowed funds even though such funds are not directly used for the purchase or ownership of such shares.
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Distributions to shareholders of net investment income received by the Fund from taxable investments, if any, including temporary taxable investments, and of net short-term capital gains realized by the Fund, if any, will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income. Distributions by the Fund of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss), if any, are taxable as long-term capital gain, regardless of the length of time the shareholder has owned the shares with respect to which such distributions are made. The amount of taxable income allocable to the Funds shares will depend upon the amount of such income realized by the Fund. Distributions, if any, in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a shareholders shares and, after that basis has been reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to the shareholder (assuming the shares are held as capital assets). As long as the Fund qualifies as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code, it is not expected that any part of its distributions to shareholders from its investments will qualify for the dividends-received deduction available to corporate shareholders or as qualified dividend income taxable to noncorporate shareholders at reduced rates.
The IRS requires the Fund to report distributions paid with respect to its Common Shares and its preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, as consisting of a portion of each type of income distributed by the Fund. The portion of each type of income deemed received by the holders of each class of shares will be equal to the portion of total Fund dividends received by such class. Thus, the Fund will report dividends paid as exempt-interest dividends in a manner that allocates such dividends between the holders of the Common Shares and the preferred shares, including VMTP Shares, in proportion to the total dividends paid to each such class during or with respect to the taxable year, or otherwise as required by applicable law. Capital gain dividends and ordinary income dividends will also be allocated between the two classes under these rules.
The interest on private activity bonds in most instances is not federally tax-exempt to a person who is a substantial user of a facility financed by such bonds or a related person of such substantial user. As a result, the Fund may not be an appropriate investment for a shareholder who is considered either a substantial user or a related person within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code. In general, a substantial user of a facility includes a nonexempt person who regularly uses a part of such facility in his trade or business. Related persons are in general defined to include persons among whom there exists a relationship, either by family or business, which would result in a disallowance of losses in transactions among them under various provisions of the Internal Revenue Code (or if they are members of the same controlled group of corporations under the Internal Revenue Code), including a partnership and each of its partners (and certain members of their families), an S corporation and each of its shareholders (and certain members of their families) and various combinations of these and other relationships. The foregoing is not a complete description of all of the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code covering the definitions of substantial user and related person.
Although dividends generally will be treated as distributed when paid, dividends declared in October, November or December, payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in one of those months and paid during the following January, will be treated as having been distributed by the Fund (and received by the shareholders) on December 31 of the year declared. The U.S federal income tax status of all distributions will be reported to shareholders annually.
Federal income tax law imposes an alternative minimum tax with respect to corporations, individuals, trusts, and estates. Interest on certain municipal securities, such as bonds issued to make loans for housing purposes or to private entities (but not to certain tax-exempt organizations such as universities and non-profit hospitals), is included as an item of tax preference in determining the amount of a taxpayers alternative minimum taxable income. To the extent that the Fund receives income from such municipal securities, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund, although otherwise exempt from federal income tax, will be taxable to shareholders whose tax liabilities are determined under the federal alternative minimum tax. The Fund will annually provide a report indicating the percentage of the Funds income attributable to municipal securities and the portion thereof the interest on which is a tax preference item. In addition, for certain corporations, federal alternative minimum taxable income is increased by 75% of the difference between an alternative measure of income (adjusted
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current earnings) and the amount otherwise determined to be the alternative minimum taxable income. Interest on all municipal securities, and therefore all distributions by the Fund that would otherwise be tax-exempt, is included in calculating a corporations adjusted current earnings. Certain small corporations are not subject to the federal alternative minimum tax. Bonds issued in 2009 or 2010 generally will not be treated as private activity bonds, and interest earned on such bonds (and Fund distributions consisting of such interest) generally will not be treated as a tax preference item and generally will not result in or increase a corporate shareholders liability for the federal alternative minimum tax.
The Fund may invest in municipal securities that pay interest that is taxable under the federal alternative minimum tax applicable to individuals. If you are, or as a result of investment in the Fund would become, subject to the federal alternative minimum tax, the Fund may not be a suitable investment for you. In addition, distributions of taxable ordinary income (including any net short-term capital gain) will be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income (and not eligible for favorable taxation as qualified dividend income), and capital gain dividends will be taxable as long-term capital gains.
Tax-exempt income, including exempt-interest dividends paid by the Fund, is taken into account in calculating the amount of social security and railroad retirement benefits that may be subject to federal income tax.
The Funds investment in zero coupon bonds will cause it to realize income prior to the receipt of cash payments with respect to these bonds. Such income will be accrued daily by the Fund. In order to avoid a tax payable by the Fund, the Fund may be required to liquidate securities that it might otherwise continue to hold in order to generate cash so that the Fund may make required distributions to its shareholders.
Certain of the Funds investment practices are subject to special provisions of the Internal Revenue Code that, among other things, may defer the use of certain deductions or losses of the Fund, affect the holding period of securities held by the Fund, and alter the character of the gains or losses realized by the Fund. These provisions may also require the Fund to recognize income or gain without receiving cash with which to make distributions in the amounts necessary to satisfy the requirements for maintaining RIC status and for avoiding income and excise taxes. The Fund will monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections in order to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund for treatment as a RIC.
Capital losses in excess of capital gains (net capital losses) are not permitted to be deducted against a RICs net investment income. Instead, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, potentially subject to certain limitations, the Fund may carry net capital losses from any taxable year forward to offset capital gains in future years. The Fund is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss from any taxable year that began on or before December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, for up to eight years following the year of the loss. The Fund is permitted to carry forward indefinitely a net capital loss from any taxable year that began after December 22, 2010 to offset its capital gains, if any, in years following the year of the loss. To the extent subsequent capital gains are offset by such losses, they will not result in U.S. federal income tax liability to the Fund and may not be distributed as capital gains to shareholders. Carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began after December 22, 2010 must be fully utilized before the Fund may utilize carryforwards of losses from taxable years that began on or before December 22, 2010. Generally, the Fund may not carry forward any losses other than net capital losses. Under certain circumstances, the Fund may elect to treat certain losses as though they were incurred on the first day of the taxable year immediately following the taxable year in which they were actually incurred.
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As of October 31, 2016, the Funds tax year end, the Fund had unused capital loss carryforwards available for federal tax purposes to be applied against future capital gains, if any. If not applied, the carryforwards will expire as shown in the table below. The losses not subject to expiration will be utilized first by the Fund.
Expiration: |
||||
October 31, 2017 |
$ | 34,954,022 | ||
October 31, 2018 |
1,362,739 | |||
Not subject to expiration |
451,995 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
$ | 36,768,756 | ||
|
|
The repurchase, sale or exchange of Common Shares normally will result in capital gain or loss to holders of Common Shares who hold their shares as capital assets. Generally a shareholders gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year even though the increase in value in such Common Shares may be at least partly attributable to tax-exempt interest income. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income. For non-corporate taxpayers, however, long-term capital gains are currently taxed at rates of up to 20%. Short-term capital gains and other ordinary income are taxed to non-corporate taxpayers at ordinary income rates. If a shareholder sells or otherwise disposes of Common Shares before holding them for six months, any loss on the sale or disposition will be: (1) treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any amounts treated as distributions to the Common Shareholder of long-term capital gain (including any amount credited to the shareholder as undistributed capital gain), or (2) disallowed to the extent of exempt interest dividends received by a shareholder. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of (or upon entering into a contract or option to repurchase) shares of the Fund will be disallowed to the extent those shares of the Fund are replaced (including, without limitation, under the Plan) by substantially identical shares of the Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date of disposition of the original shares, or to the extent the shareholder enters into a contract or option to repurchase shares within such period. In that event, the basis of the replacement shares of the Fund will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
The Fund is required in certain circumstances to withhold (as backup withholding) a portion of dividends (including exempt-interest dividends) and certain other payments paid to certain holders of the Funds shares who do not furnish to the Fund their correct taxpayer identification numbers (in the case of individuals, their social security numbers) and certain certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. The backup withholding rate is 28%. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to a shareholder may be refunded or credited against such shareholders federal income tax liability, provided the required information and forms are timely furnished to the IRS.
The Internal Revenue Code provides that every shareholder required to file a tax return must include for information purposes on such return the amount of tax-exempt interest received during the taxable year, including any exempt-interest dividends received from the Fund.
The description of certain federal tax provisions above relates only to U.S. federal income tax consequences for shareholders who are U.S. persons, i.e., generally, U.S. citizens or residents or U.S. corporations, partnerships, trusts or estates, and who are subject to U.S. federal income tax and hold their shares as capital assets. Except as otherwise provided, this description does not address the special tax rules that may be applicable to particular types of investors, such as financial institutions, insurance companies, securities dealers, other RICs, or tax-exempt or tax-deferred plans, accounts or entities. Investors that are not U.S. persons may be subject to different U.S. federal income tax treatment, including a non-resident alien U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% or any lower applicable treaty rate on amounts treated as ordinary dividends from the Fund (other than certain dividends reported by the Fund as (i) interest-related dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Funds qualified net interest income, or (ii) short-term capital gain dividends, to the extent such dividends are derived from the Funds qualified short-term gain) or, in certain circumstances, unless an
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effective IRS Form W-8BEN or other authorized withholding certificate is on file, to backup withholding on certain other payments from the Fund. Qualified net interest income is the Funds net income derived from U.S.-source interest and original issue discount, subject to certain exceptions and limitations. Qualified short-term gain generally means the excess of the net short-term capital gain of the Fund for the taxable year over its net long-term capital loss, if any. Backup withholding will not be applied to payments that have been subject to the 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) withholding tax on shareholders who are neither citizens nor residents of the United States.
Unless certain non-U.S. entities that hold Fund shares comply with IRS requirements that will generally require them to report information regarding U.S. persons investing in, or holding accounts with, such entities, a 30% withholding tax may apply to Fund distributions payable to such entities after June 30, 2014 (or, in certain cases, on or after later dates) and to repurchase proceeds and certain capital gain dividends payable to such entities after December 31, 2018. A non-U.S. shareholder may be exempt from the withholding described in this paragraph under an applicable intergovernmental agreement between the U.S. and a foreign government, provided that the shareholder and the applicable foreign government comply with the terms of such agreement.
The foregoing is a general summary of certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and regulations thereunder presently in effect as they directly govern the federal income taxation of the Fund and its shareholders. These provisions are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. Moreover, the foregoing does not address many of the factors that may be determinative of whether an investor will be liable for the alternative minimum tax. Shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisors for more detailed information concerning the federal, foreign, state and local tax consequences of purchasing, holding, and disposing of Fund shares.
State and Local Tax Matters. The exemption from U.S. federal income tax for exempt-interest dividends generally does not result in exemption for such dividends under the income or other tax laws of any state or local taxing authority. In some states, however, the portion of any exempt-interest dividends derived from interest received by the Fund on its holdings of that states securities and those of its political subdivisions and instrumentalities is exempt from the states income tax. The Fund will report annually to its shareholders the percentage of interest income earned by the Fund during the preceding year on tax-exempt obligations indicating, on a state-by-state basis, the source of such income. Shareholders of the Fund are advised to consult their own tax advisors about state and local tax matters.
The Financial Statements and the independent registered public accounting firms report thereon, appearing in the Funds annual shareholder report for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference in this SAI. The Funds annual financial statements, including the financial highlights, as of and for the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm. KPMG has not reviewed or examined any records, transactions or events after the date of such report. The information with respect to the fiscal years ended prior to October 31, 2014 has been audited by other auditors. The information with respect to the six months ended April 30, 2017 is unaudited and is included in the Funds 2017 Semi-Annual Report which is incorporated herein by reference. The Funds annual report and semi-annual report may be obtained without charge by calling (800) 257-8787.
The custodian of the assets of the Fund is State Street Bank and Trust Company, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 (the Custodian). The Custodian performs custodial, fund accounting and portfolio accounting services. The Funds transfer, shareholder services and dividend paying agent is also State Street and Trust Company (the Transfer Agent). The Transfer Agent is located at 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021.
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, provides auditing services to the Fund. The principal business address of KPMG LLP is 200 East Randolph, Chicago, Illinois, 60601.
Certain legal matters in connection with the Common Shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, Washington, DC.
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A Registration Statement on Form N-2, including amendments thereto, relating to the shares of the Fund offered hereby, has been filed by the Fund with the SEC, Washington, D.C. The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all of the information set forth in the Registration Statement, including any exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and the shares offered hereby, reference is made to the Funds Registration Statement. Statements contained in the Prospectus and this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. Copies of the Registration Statement may be inspected without charge at the SECs principal office in Washington, D.C., and copies of all or any part thereof may be obtained from the SEC upon the payment of certain fees prescribed by the SEC.
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Ratings of Investments
Standard & Poors CorporationA brief description of the applicable Standard & Poors Corporation, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies (Standard & Poors or S&P), rating symbols and their meanings (as published by S&P) follows:
A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion evaluates the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default. The issue credit rating is not a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation, inasmuch as it does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor.
Issue credit ratings are based on current information furnished by the obligors or obtained by Standard & Poors from other sources it considers reliable. Standard & Poors does not perform an audit in connection with any credit rating and may, on occasion, rely on unaudited financial information. Credit ratings may be changed, suspended, or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information, or based on other circumstances.
Issue credit ratings can be either long term or short term. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 daysincluding commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.
LONG-TERM ISSUE CREDIT RATINGS
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on the following considerations:
Likelihood of paymentcapacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
Nature of and provisions of the obligation;
Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA
An obligation rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
A-1
AA
An obligation rated AA differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A
An obligation rated A is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB
An obligation rated BBB exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C
Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB
An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B
An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC
An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC
An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C
A C rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the C rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instruments terms.
A-2
D
An obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-)
The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR
This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poors does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1
A short-term obligation rated A-1 is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poors. The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2
A short-term obligation rated A-2 is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3
A short-term obligation rated A-3 exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B
A short-term obligation rated B is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of B-1, B-2, and B-3 may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the B category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B-1
A short-term obligation rated B-1 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2
A short-term obligation rated B-2 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
A-3
B-3
A short-term obligation rated B-3 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
C
A short-term obligation rated C is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D
A short-term obligation rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poors believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Dual Ratings
Standard & Poors assigns dual ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, AAA/A-1+). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, SP-1+/A-1+).
Moodys Investors Service, Inc.A brief description of the applicable Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys) rating symbols and their meanings (as published by Moodys) follows:
Municipal Bonds
Aaa
Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as gilt edged. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa
Bonds mat are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present mat make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A
Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa
Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain
A-4
protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba
Bonds that are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B
Bonds that are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa
Bonds that are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca
Bonds that are rated Ca represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C
Bonds that are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds, and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor Prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
#(hatchmark): Represents issues that are secured by escrowed funds held in cash, held in trust, invested and reinvested in direct, non-callable, non-prepayable United States government obligations or non-callable, non-prepayable obligations unconditionally guaranteed by the U.S. Government, Resolution Funding Corporation debt obligations.
Con. (...): Bonds for which the security depends upon the completion of some act or the fulfillment of some condition are rated conditionally. These are bonds secured by (a) earnings of projects under construction, (b) earnings of projects unseasoned in operation experience, (c) rentals that begin when facilities are completed, or (d) payments to which some other limiting condition attaches. The parenthetical rating denotes probable credit stature upon completion of construction or elimination of the basis of the condition.
(P): When applied to forward delivery bonds, indicates the rating is provisional pending delivery of the bonds. The rating may be revised prior to delivery if changes occur in the legal documents or the underlying credit quality of the bonds.
Note: Moodys applies numerical modifiers 1,2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates mat the issue ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Short-Term Loans
MIG 1/VMIG 1
This designation denotes best quality. There is present strong protection by established cash flows, superior liquidity support or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
A-5
MIG 2/VMIG 2
This designation denotes high quality. Margins of protection are ample although not so large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3/VMIG 3
This designation denotes favorable quality. All security elements are accounted for but there is lacking the undeniable strength of the preceding grades. Liquidity and cash flow protection may be narrow and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well established.
MIG 4/VMIG 4
This designation denotes adequate quality. Protection commonly regarded as required of an investment security is present and although not distinctly or predominantly speculative, there is specific risk.
SG
This designation denotes speculative quality. Debt instruments in this category lack margins of protection.
Commercial Paper
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will normally be evidenced by the following characteristics:
| Leading market positions in well-established industries. |
| High rates of return on funds employed. |
| Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection. |
| Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation. |
| Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity. |
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation than is the case for Prime-2 securities. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market composition may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and the requirement for relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Issuers rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch RatingsA brief description of the applicable Fitch Ratings (Fitch) ratings symbols and meanings (as published by Fitch) follows:
Long-Term Credit Ratings
Investment Grade
AAA
Highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
A-6
AA
Very high credit quality. AA ratings denote a very low expectation of credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A
High credit quality. A ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB
Good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that there is currently a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and in economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity. This is the lowest investment-grade category.
Speculative Grade
BB
Speculative. BB ratings indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing, particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this category are not investment grade.
B
Highly speculative. B ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
CCC, CC, C
High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business or economic developments. A CC rating indicates that default of some kind appears probable. C ratings signal imminent default.
DDD, DD, and D Default
The ratings of obligations in this category are based on their Prospects for achieving partial or full recovery in a reorganization or liquidation of the obligor. While expected recovery values are highly speculative and cannot be estimated with any precision, the following serve as general guidelines. DDD obligations have the highest potential for recovery, around 90%-100% of outstanding amounts and accrued interest DD indicates potential recoveries in the range of 50%-90%, and D the lowest recovery potential, i.e., below 50%. Entities rated in this category have defaulted on some or all of their obligations. Entities rated DDD have the highest Prospect for resumption of performance or continued operation with or without a formal reorganization process. Entities rated DD and D are generally undergoing a formal reorganization or liquidation process; those rated DD are likely to satisfy a higher portion of their outstanding obligations, while entities rated D have a poor Prospect for repaying all obligations.
Short-Term Credit Ratings
The following ratings scale applies to foreign currency and local currency ratings. A Short-term rating has a time horizon of less than 13 months for most obligations, or up to three years for US public finance, in line with
A-7
industry standards, to reflect unique risk characteristics of bond, tax, and revenue anticipation notes that are commonly issued with terms up to three years. Short-term ratings thus place greater emphasis on the liquidity necessary to meet financial commitments in a timely manner.
Fl
Highest credit quality. Indicates the strongest capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2
Good credit quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.
F3
Fair credit quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.
B
Speculative Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus vulnerability to near-term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C
High default risk. Default is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial commitments is solely reliant upon a sustained, favorable business and economic environment.
D
Default. Denotes actual or imminent payment default.
Notes to Long-term and Short-term ratings:
+ or - may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA Long-term rating category, to categories below CCC, or to Short-term ratings other than FT.
NR indicates that Fitch Ratings does not rate the issuer or issue in question.
Withdrawn: A rating is withdrawn when Fitch Ratings deems the amount of information available to be inadequate for rating purposes, or when an obligation matures, is called, or refinanced.
Rating Watch: Ratings are placed on Rating Watch to notify investors that there is a reasonable probability of a rating change and the likely direction of such change. These are designated as Positive, indicating a potential upgrade, Negative, for a potential downgrade, or Evolving, if ratings may be raised, lowered or maintained. Rating Watch is typically resolved over a relatively short period.
A Rating Outlook indicates the direction a rating is likely to move over a one to two year period. Outlooks may be positive, stable, or negative. A positive or negative Rating Outlook does not imply a rating change is inevitable. Similarly, ratings for which outlooks are stable could be downgraded before an outlook moves to positive or negative if circumstances warrant such an action. Occasionally, Fitch Ratings may be unable to identify the fundamental trend. In these cases, the Rating Outlook may be described as evolving.
A-8
DERIVATIVE STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Set forth below is additional information regarding the various techniques involving the use of derivatives.
FINANCIAL FUTURES
A financial future is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell a security for a set price on a future date. They have been designed by boards of trade which have been designated contracts markets by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
The purchase of financial futures is for the purpose of hedging the Funds existing or anticipated holdings of long-term debt securities. For example, if the Fund desires to increase its exposure to long-term bonds and has identified long-term bonds it wishes to purchase at a future time, but expects market interest rates to decline (thereby causing the value of those bonds to increase), it might purchase financial futures. If interest rates did decrease, the value of those to-be-purchased long-term bonds would increase, but the value of the Funds financial futures would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate, thereby helping maintain the Funds purchasing power. When the Fund purchases a financial future, it deposits in cash or securities an initial margin, typically equal to an amount between 1% and 5% of the contract amount. Thereafter, the Funds account is either credited or debited on a daily basis in correlation with the fluctuation in price of the underlying future or other requirements imposed by the exchange in order to maintain an orderly market. The Fund must make additional payments to cover debits to its account and has the right to withdraw credits in excess of the liquidity, the Fund may close out its position at any time prior to expiration of the financial future by taking an opposite position. At closing a final determination of debits and credits is made, additional cash is paid by or to the Fund to settle the final determination and the Fund realizes a loss or gain depending on whether on a net basis it made or received such payments.
The sale of financial futures is for the purpose of hedging the Funds existing or anticipated holdings of long-term debt securities. For example, if the Fund owns long-term bonds and market interest rates were expected to increase (causing those bonds values to decline), it might sell financial futures. If interest rates did increase, the value of long-term bonds in the Funds portfolio would decline, but the value of the Funds financial futures would be expected to increase at approximately the same rate thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have.
Among the risks associated with the use of financial futures by the Fund as a hedging or anticipatory device, perhaps the most significant is the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the financial futures and movements in the price of the debt securities which are the subject of the hedge.
Thus, if the price of the financial future moves less or more than the price of the securities which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective. To compensate for this imperfect correlation, the Fund may enter into financial futures in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of the securities being hedged if the historical volatility of the prices of such securities has been greater than the historical volatility of the financial futures. Conversely, the Fund may enter into fewer financial futures if the historical volatility of the price of the securities being hedged is less than the historical volatility of the financial futures.
The market prices of financial futures may also be affected by factors other than interest rates. One of these factors is the possibility that rapid changes in the volume of closing transactions, whether due to volatile markets or movements by speculators, would temporarily distort the normal relationship between the markets in the financial future and the chosen debt securities. In these circumstances as well as in periods of rapid and large price movements. The Fund might find it difficult or impossible to close out a particular transaction.
B-1
OPTIONS ON FINANCIAL FUTURES
The Fund may also purchase put or call options on financial futures which are traded on a U.S. Exchange or board of trade and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. The purchase of put options on financial futures is analogous to the purchase of put options by the Fund on its portfolio securities to hedge against the risk of rising interest rates. As with options on debt securities, the holder of an option may terminate his position by selling an option of the Fund. There is no guarantee that such closing transactions can be effected.
INDEX CONTRACTS
INDEX FUTURES
A tax-exempt bond index which assigns relative values to the tax-exempt bonds included in the index is traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. The index fluctuates with changes in the market values of all tax-exempt bonds included rather than a single bond. An index future is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash-rather than any security-equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the index value at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index future was originally written. Thus, an index future is similar to traditional financial futures except that settlement is made in cash.
INDEX OPTIONS
The Fund may also purchase put or call options on U.S. Government or tax- exempt bond index futures and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options to terminate an existing position. Options on index futures are similar to options on debt instruments except that an option on an index future gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in an index contract rather than an underlying security at a specified exercise price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise of the option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance of the writers futures margin account which represents the amount by which the market price of the index futures contract, at exercise, is less than the exercise price of the option on the index future.
Bond index futures and options transactions would be subject to risks similar to transactions in financial futures and options thereon as described above.
SWAP AGREEMENTS
Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors, typically for periods ranging from a few weeks to several years. In a standard swap transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments. The gross returns to be exchanged or swapped between the parties are calculated with respect to a notional amount (the amount or value of the underlying asset used in computing the particular interest rate, return, or other amount to be exchanged) of a particular security, or in a basket of securities representing a particular index. Swap agreements may include, by way of example, (i) interest rate swaps, in which one party exchanges a commitment to pay a floating, shorter-term interest rate (typically by reference to the rate of a specific security or index) for the other partys commitment to pay a fixed, longer-term interest rate (either as specifically agreed, or by reference to a specified security or index); (ii) interest rate caps, in which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates exceed a specified rate or cap; (iii) interest rate floors, in which, in return for a premium, one party agrees to make payments to the other to the extent that interest rates fall below a specified level or floor; (iv) interest rate collars, in which a party sells a cap and purchases a floor, or vice versa, in an attempt to protect itself against interest rate movements exceeding given minimum or maximum levels or collar amounts; (v) total return swaps, in which one party commits to pay the total return of an underlying security or asset in return for receiving from the other party a
B-2
specified return or the return of another instrument (typically a floating short-term interest rate), and (vi) credit default swap, in which the buyer pays a periodic fee in return for a contingent payment by the seller upon a credit event (such as a default) happening with respect to a specified instrument, typically in an amount equivalent to the loss incurred on a specific investment in that security due to the credit event.
A Fund may enter into such swap agreements for any purpose consistent with the Funds investment objective, such as for the purpose of attempting to obtain, enhance, or preserve a particular desired return or spread at a lower cost to the Fund than if the Fund had invested directly in an instrument that yielded that desired return or spread. The Fund also may enter into swaps in order to protect against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date.
Whether the Funds use of swap agreements will be successful in furthering its investment objective will depend, in part, on the ability to predict correctly whether certain types of investments are likely to produce greater returns than other investments and the changes in the future values, indices, or rates covered by the swap agreement. Swap agreements may be considered to be illiquid. Moreover, the Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. The Fund will enter swap agreements only with counterparties that NFALLC reasonably believes are capable of performing under the swap agreements. If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, the Fund will have to rely on its contractual remedies (which may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws) pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. Certain restrictions imposed on the Fund by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, may limit the Funds ability to use swap agreements. The swap market is largely unregulated.
B-3
Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[ ], 2017
PART COTHER INFORMATION
Item 25: | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
1. | Contained in Part A: | |
Financial Highlights of the Nuveen Municipal High Income Opportunity Fund (the Fund or the Registrant) for the fiscal period ended April 30, 2017 and the fiscal years ended October 31, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, and 2007. | ||
Contained in Part B: | ||
Registrants Financial Statements are incorporated in Part B by reference to Registrants April 30, 2017 Semi-Annual Report (unaudited) on Form N-CSR as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC) via EDGAR Accession No. 0000891804-17-000462 on July 6, 2017 and Registrants October 31, 2016 Annual Report (audited) on Form N-CSR as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000891804-17-000034 on January 9, 2017. | ||
2. | Exhibits: | |
(a)(1) | Registrants Declaration of Trust dated October 8, 2003 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-109801) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-03-063602 on October 17, 2003. | |
(a)(2) | S&P Guidelines and Moodys Guidelines (Municipal Auction Rate Cumulative Preferred Shares (Preferred Shares)) are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (a)(2) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-111630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(b) | Registrants By-Laws (Amended and Restated as of February 20, 2006) are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (b) of Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-140017) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-07-088942 on April 24, 2007. | |
(c) | None. | |
(d) | Form of Share Certificate (Preferred Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (d) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-111630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(e) | Terms and Conditions of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (e) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-161462) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-13-017537 on January 18, 2013. | |
(f) | None. | |
(g)(1) | Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC dated October 1, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-187032) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-15-058270 on February 23, 2015. | |
(g)(2) | Renewal of Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC dated July 24, 2017 is filed herewith. | |
(g)(3) | Sub-Advisory Agreement between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC dated October 1, 2014 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (g)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-187032) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-15-058270 on February 23, 2015. |
C-1
(g)(4) | Notice of Continuance of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreements between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC dated July 24, 2017 is filed herewith. | |
(h)(1) | Distribution Agreement (Common Shares) between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC dated May 29, 2012 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-161462) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-12-258522 on June 4, 2012. | |
(h)(2) | Selected Dealer Agreement (Common Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-161462) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-12-258522 on June 4, 2012. | |
(h)(3) | Form of Underwriting Agreement (Preferred Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(1) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-11630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(h)(4) | Form of Dealer Agreement (Preferred Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-11630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(h)(5) | Distribution Agreement Relating to At-the-Market offerings between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC dated March 4, 2013 is incorporated by reference herein to Exhibit (h)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-187032) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-13-101032 on March 11, 2013. | |
(h)(6) | Dealer Agreement Relating to At-the-Market offerings between Nuveen Securities, LLC and UBS Securities, LLC dated March 4, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-187032) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-13-101032 on March 11, 2013. | |
(h)(7) | Distribution Agreement Relating to At-the-Market Offerings between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC dated July 18, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(7) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-707574 on September 12, 2016. | |
(h)(8) | Dealer Agreement Relating to At-the-Market Offerings between Nuveen Securities, LLC and UBS Securities, LLC dated July 18, 2016 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (h)(8) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-707574 on September 12, 2016. | |
(h)(9) | Distribution Agreement Relating to At-the-Market offerings between the Registrant and Nuveen Securities, LLC to be filed by amendment. | |
(h)(10) | Dealer Agreement Relating to At-the-Market offering between Nuveen Securities, LLC and UBS Securities LLC to be filed by amendment. | |
(i) | Nuveen Open-End and Closed-End Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Directors and Trustees (Restated effective April 27, 2017) is filed herewith. |
C-2
(j)(1) | Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated July 15, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(1) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-611328 on June 2, 2016. | |
(j)(2) | Appendix A, dated April 14, 2016, to the Amended and Restated Master Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company dated July 15, 2015 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (j)(2) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-611328 on June 2, 2016. | |
(k)(1) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated June 15, 2017 between the Registrant and Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. is filed herewith. | |
(k)(2) | Form of Nuveen Auction Agency Agreement dated November 1, 1993 (Preferred Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (k)(3) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-111630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(k)(3) | Form of DTC Letter of Representations (Preferred Shares) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (k)(5) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-111630) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0000950134-04-000400 on January 15, 2004. | |
(l)(1) | Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP to be filed by amendment. | |
(l)(2) | Opinion and Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP to be filed by amendment. | |
(m) | None. | |
(n) | Consent of KPMG LLP is filed herewith. | |
(o) | None. | |
(p) | Subscription Agreement of Nuveen Advisory Corp. (now, Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC) dated November 3, 2003 is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (p) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 3 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-109801) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-03-083423 on November 18, 2003. | |
(q) | None. | |
(r) | Code of Ethics and Reporting Requirements of Nuveen Investments, Inc. (including affiliated entities) and the Nuveen Funds, as amended July 1, 2017 is filed herewith. | |
(s)(1) | Powers of Attorney dated April 13, 2016 are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (s) to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-611328 on June 2, 2016. | |
(s)(2) | Powers of Attorney dated June 24, 2016 are incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit (s)(2) to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to the Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-2 (File No. 333-211793) as filed with the SEC via EDGAR Accession No. 0001193125-16-707574 on September 12, 2016. | |
(s)(3) | Power of Attorney for Robert L. Young dated July 3, 2017 is filed herewith. |
Item 26: | Marketing Arrangements. |
See relevant Sections of the Distribution Agreement and Dealer Agreement to be filed as Exhibits (h)(9) and (h)(10), respectively, to this Registration Statement.
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Item 27: | Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution. |
Printing and Engraving Fees |
$ | 25,000 | ||
Legal Fees |
$ | 65,000 | ||
Accounting Fees |
$ | 10,000 | ||
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Fees |
$ | 32,169 | ||
Stock Exchange Listing Fees |
$ | 54,950 | ||
Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fees |
$ | 24,856 | ||
Miscellaneous Fees |
$ | 8,025 | ||
|
|
|||
$ | 220,000 | |||
|
|
Item 28: | Persons Controlled by or under Common Control with Registrant. |
Not applicable.
Item 29: | Number of Holders of Securities. |
As of July 31, 2017:
Title of Class |
Number of Record Holders | |||
Common Shares, $0.01 par value |
18,026 | |||
Preferred Shares, $0.01 par value |
1 | |||
|
|
|||
Total |
18,027 | |||
|
|
Item 30: | Indemnification. |
Article XII, Section 4 of the Registrants Declaration of Trust provides as follows:
Article XII, Section 4: Indemnification Subject to the exceptions and limitations contained in this Section 4, every person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, including persons who serve at the request of the Trust as directors, trustees, officers, employees or agents of another organization in which the Trust has an interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise (hereinafter referred to as a Covered Person), shall be indemnified by the Trust to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been such a Trustee, director, officer, employee or agent and against amounts paid or incurred by him in settlement thereof.
No indemnification shall be provided hereunder to a Covered Person:
(a) | against any liability to the Trust or its Shareholders by reason of a final adjudication by the court or other body before which die proceeding was brought that he engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office; |
(b) | with respect to any matter as to which he shall have been finally adjudicated not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the best interests of the Trust; or |
(c) | in the event of a settlement or other disposition not involving a final adjudication (as provided in paragraph (a) or (b)) and resulting in a payment by a Covered Person, unless there has been either a determination that such Covered Person did not engage in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office by the court or other body approving the settlement or |
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other disposition or a reasonable determination, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that he did not engage in such conduct: |
(i) by a vote of a majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter); or
(ii) by written opinion of independent legal counsel.
The rights of indemnification herein provided may be insured against by policies maintained by the Trust, shall be severable, shall not affect any other rights to which any Covered Person may now or hereafter be entitled, shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be such a Covered Person and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. Nothing contained herein shall affect any rights to indemnification to which Trust personnel other than Covered Persons may be entitled by contract or otherwise under law.
Expenses of preparation and presentation of a defense to any claim, action, suit or proceeding subject to a claim for indemnification under this Section 4 shall be advanced by the Trust prior to final disposition thereof upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the recipient to repay such amount if it is ultimately determined that he is not entitled to indemnification under this Section 4, provided that either:
(a) such undertaking is secured by a surety bond or some other appropriate security or the Trust shall be insured against losses arising out of any such advances; or
(b) a majority of the Disinterested Trustees acting on the matter (provided that a majority of the Disinterested Trustees then in office act on the matter) or independent legal counsel in a written opinion shall determine, based upon a review of the readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe that the recipient ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
As used in this Section 4, a Disinterested Trustee is one (x) who is not an Interested Person of the Trust (including anyone, as such Disinterested Trustee, who has been exempted from being an Interested Person by any rule, regulation or order of the Commission), and (y) against whom none of such actions, suits or other proceedings or another action, suit or other proceeding on the same or similar grounds is then or has been pending.
As used in this Section 4, the words claim, action, suit or proceeding shall apply to all claims, actions, suits, proceedings (civil, criminal, administrative or other, including appeals), actual or threatened; and the words liability and expenses shall include without limitation, attorneys fees, costs, judgments, amounts paid in settlement, fines, penalties and other liabilities.
The trustees and officers of the Registrant are covered by the Mutual Fund Professional Liability policy in their aggregate amount of $70,000,000 against liability and expenses of claims of wrongful acts arising out of their position with the Registrant, except for matters that involve willful acts, bad faith, gross negligence and willful disregard of duty (i.e., where the insured did not act in good faith for a purpose he or she reasonably believed to be in the best interest of the Registrant or where he or she had reasonable cause to believe this conduct was unlawful). The policy has a $1,000,000 deductible for operational failures and $1,000,000 deductible for all other claims.
Section 4 of the Dealer Agreement filed as Exhibit h.10 to this Registration Statement provides for each of the parties thereto, including the Registrant and the Underwriters, to indemnify the others, their trustees, directors, certain of their officers, trustees, directors and persons who control them against certain liabilities in connection with the offering described herein, including liabilities under the federal securities laws.
Insofar as indemnification for liability arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the 1933 Act) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
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indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 31: | Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser. |
A description of any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which the directors and officers of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC (NFALLC), the Funds investment adviser, who serve as officers or Trustees of the Fund have engaged during the last two years for his or her account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee appears under Management in the Statement of Additional Information. Such information for the remaining senior officers appears below:
Name and Position with NFALLC |
Other Business, Profession, Vocation or | |
Michelle Beck, Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer | Executive Vice President (since 2017), formerly, Managing Director of Nuveen Alternate Investments, LLC; Chief Risk Officer (since June 2017), formerly, Senior Managing Director, Chief Risk Officer (since November 2016) of Teachers Advisors, LLC; Managing Director, Head of Risk Management, Nuveen Investments, Inc. (2010-2017). | |
Joseph T. Castro, Senior Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer | Senior Managing Director (since February 2017), Head of Compliance (since 2013) of Nuveen, LLC. | |
Anthony E. Ciccarone, Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President (since 2016), formerly, Managing Director (2015-2016) of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President (since 2016), formerly, Managing Director (2015-2016) of Nuveen Securities, LLC. | |
Austin P. Wachter, Managing Director and Controller | Managing Director, Treasurer and Controller (since April 2017) (formerly, Assistant Treasurer and Assistant Controller) of Nuveen Asset Management, LLC; Managing Director (since 2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director, Controller and Treasurer (since April 2017) of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Controller (since 2014) of Nuveen, LLC; Controller (since 2016) formerly, Vice President and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Advisors, LLC; Vice President and Funds Treasurer, Nuveen, LLC Controller (since 2016), formerly, Senior Director and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. | |
Diane M. Whelan, Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President (since 2014) of Nuveen Investments, Inc.; Executive Vice President of Nuveen Securities, LLC. (2014-2016). |
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Nuveen Asset Management, LLC (Nuveen Asset Management) serves as investment sub-adviser to the Registrant and also serves as investment sub-adviser to other open-end and closed-end funds and investment adviser to separately managed accounts. A description of any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which the trustees and officers of Nuveen Asset Management who serve as officers or trustees of the Registrant have engaged during the last two years for his or her account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee appears under Management in the Statement of Additional Information. The following is a list of the remaining senior officers of Nuveen Asset Management. The principal business address of each person is 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606.
Name and Position with Nuveen Asset Management |
Other Business, Profession, Vocation or | |
Charles R. Manzoni, Jr., Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel | Managing Director (since 2011) of Nuveen. | |
Diane S. Meggs, Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer | Managing Director and Compliance Manager (since 2011) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director and Chief Compliance Officer (since 2013) of Nuveen Investments Advisers Inc. | |
Austin P. Wachter, Managing Director, Treasurer and Controller |
Managing Director and Controller (since March 2017) formerly, Assistant Controller and Vice President (2016-2017) of Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC; Managing Director (since 2017) of Nuveen Securities, LLC; Managing Director, Controller and Treasurer (since April 2017) of Nuveen Investments, Inc. ; Controller (since 2014) of Nuveen, LLC; Controller (since 2016) formerly, Vice President and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Advisors, LLC; Vice President (since 2016) of TIAA-CREF Funds and TIAA-CREF Life Funds; Vice President and Funds Treasurer, Nuveen, LLC Controller (since 2016), formerly, Senior Director and Funds Treasurer (2014-2016) of Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America. |
Item 32: | Location of Accounts and Records. |
NFALLC, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, maintains the Funds Declaration of Trust, By-Laws, minutes of trustees and shareholders meetings and contracts of the Registrant and all advisory material of the investment adviser. Nuveen Asset Management, 333 West Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606, in its capacity as sub-adviser, may also hold certain accounts and records of the Fund.
State Street Bank and Trust Company, 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, maintains all general and subsidiary ledgers, journals, trial balances, records of all portfolio purchases and sales, and all other required records not maintained by NFALLC and Nuveen Asset Management.
Item 33: | Management Services. |
Not applicable.
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Item 34: | Undertakings. |
1. | Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its shares until it amends its prospectus if: (1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than ten percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the registration statement; or (2) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus. |
2. | Not applicable. |
3. | Not applicable. |
4. | Registrant undertakes: |
(a) to file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
(1) to include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933;
(2) to reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and
(3) to include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
(b) that, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of those securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof; and
(c) to remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering;
(d) that, for the purpose of determining liability under the 1933 Act to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C: each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or (e) under the 1933 Act as part of this registration statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A under the 1933 Act, shall be deemed to be part of and included in this registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in this registration statement or prospectus that is part of this registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into this registration or prospectus that is part of this registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in this registration statement or prospectus that was part of this registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
(e) that for the purpose of determining liability of the Registrant under the 1933 Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities:
The undersigned Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to the purchaser:
(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the 1933 Act;
(2) the portion of any advertisement pursuant to Rule 482 under the 1933 Act relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrant; and
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(3) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
5. | The Registrant undertakes that: |
a. | For purposes of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the 1933 Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
b. | For the purpose of determining any liability under the 1933 Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
6. | The Registrant undertakes to send by first class mail or other means designed to ensure equally prompt delivery, within two business days of receipt of a written or oral request, any Statement of Additional Information. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form N-2 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in this City of Chicago, and State of Illinois, on the 22nd day of August, 2017.
NUVEEN MUNICIPAL HIGH INCOME OPPORTUNITY FUND |
/s/ Gifford R. Zimmerman |
Gifford R. Zimmerman, Vice President and Secretary |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||||||
/s/ Stephen D. Foy Stephen D. Foy |
Vice President and Controller (principal financial and accounting officer) | August 22, 2017 | ||||||
/s/ Cedric H. Antosiewicz Cedric H. Antosiewicz |
Chief Administrative Officer (principal executive officer) | |||||||
William J. Schneider* | Chairman of the Board and Trustee | |||||||
Margo L. Cook* | Trustee | ý ï ï ï ï ï ï ï þ ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ï ý |
By*: |
/S/ Gifford R. Zimmerman
GIFFORD R. ZIMMERMAN, Attorney-in-Fact August 22, 2017 | ||||
Jack B. Evans* | Trustee | |||||||
William C. Hunter* | Trustee | |||||||
David J. Kundert* | Trustee | |||||||
Albin F. Moschner* | Trustee | |||||||
John K. Nelson* | Trustee | |||||||
Judith M. Stockdale* | Trustee | |||||||
Carole E. Stone* | Trustee | |||||||
Terence J. Toth* | Trustee | |||||||
Margaret L. Wolff* | Trustee | |||||||
Robert L. Young* | Trustee |
* | The original powers of attorney authorizing Gifford R. Zimmerman, among others, to execute this Registration Statement, and Amendments thereto, for the trustees of the Registrant on whose behalf this Registration Statement is filed, have been executed and filed as Exhibit s.1, s.2 and s.3 to this Registration Statement. |
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EXHIBIT INDEX
EXHIBIT |
EXHIBIT NAME | |
(g)(2) | Renewal of Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant and Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC dated July 24, 2017 | |
(g)(4) | Notice of Continuance of Investment Sub-Advisory Agreements between Nuveen Fund Advisors, LLC and Nuveen Asset Management, LLC dated July 24, 2017 | |
(i) | Nuveen Open-End and Closed-End Funds Deferred Compensation Plan for Independent Directors and Trustees (Restated Effective April 27, 2017) | |
(k)(1) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement dated June 15, 2017 between the Registrant and Computershare Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A. | |
(n) | Consent of KPMG LLP | |
(r) | Code of Ethics and Reporting Requirements of Nuveen Investments, Inc. (including affiliated entities) and the Nuveen Funds, as amended July 1, 2017 | |
(s)(3) | Power of Attorney for Robert L. Young dated July 3, 2017 |
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