Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
     
þ   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2008
OR
     
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
 
Commission file number 1-16455
Reliant Energy, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
     
Delaware
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or
Organization)
  76-0655566
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1000 Main Street
Houston, Texas 77002

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(713) 497-3000
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer þ   Accelerated filer o   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o
        (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of July 25, 2008, the latest practicable date for determination, Reliant Energy, Inc. had 348,646,409 shares of common stock outstanding and no shares of treasury stock.
 
 

 

 


 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
         
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PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
       
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PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
       
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 Exhibit 2.1
 Exhibit 2.2
 Exhibit 10.1
 Exhibit 10.2
 Exhibit 10.3
 Exhibit 31.1
 Exhibit 31.2
 Exhibit 32.1

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
This report contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are statements that contain projections, assumptions or estimates about our revenues, income, capital structure and other financial items, our plans and objectives for future operations or about our future economic performance, transactions and dispositions and financings and approvals related thereto. In many cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “objective,” “projection,” “forecast,” “goal,” “guidance,” “outlook,” “effort,” “target” and other similar words. However, the absence of these words does not mean that the statements are not forward-looking.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements as a result of many factors or events, including, but not limited to, the following:
    Demand and market prices for electricity, purchased power and fuel and emission allowances;
 
    Limitations on our ability to set rates at market prices;
 
    Legislative, regulatory and/or market developments;
 
    Our ability to obtain adequate fuel supply and/or transmission and distribution services;
 
    Interruption or breakdown of our generating equipment and processes;
 
    Failure of third parties to perform contractual obligations;
 
    Changes in environmental regulations that constrain our operations or increase our compliance costs;
 
    Failure by transmission system operators to communicate operating and system information properly and timely;
 
    Failure to meet our debt service, collateral postings and obligations related to our credit-enhanced retail structure;
 
    Ineffective hedging and other risk management activities;
 
    Changes in the wholesale energy market or in our evaluation of our generation assets;
 
    The outcome of pending or threatened lawsuits, regulatory proceedings, tax proceedings and investigations;
 
    Weather-related events or other events beyond our control;
 
    The timing and extent of changes in commodity prices and interest rates;
 
    Our ability to attract and retain retail customers and to adequately forecast their energy needs and usage;
 
    Failure of our credit-enhanced retail structure; and
 
    Financial market conditions and our access to capital.
Other factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projected results are discussed or referred to in the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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PART I.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (thousands of dollars,  
    except per share amounts)  
Revenues:
                               
Revenues (including $5,627, $(10,848) $(6,957) and $3,722 unrealized gains (losses)) (including $145,592, $0, $253,001 and $0 from affiliates)
  $ 3,423,535     $ 2,649,915     $ 6,238,959     $ 5,012,516  
 
                       
Expenses:
                               
Cost of sales (including $564,562, $(315,497) $1,135,445 and $192,162 unrealized gains (losses)) (including $121,134, $0, $200,130 and $0 from affiliates)
    2,408,849       2,475,716       4,160,521       3,919,207  
Operation and maintenance
    229,423       233,966       441,901       464,707  
Selling, general and administrative
    85,414       103,084       161,064       190,681  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
                34,000       22,000  
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    (22,312 )     (1,727 )     (22,923 )     (1,727 )
Depreciation and amortization
    88,775       110,603       177,369       202,572  
 
                       
Total operating expense
    2,790,149       2,921,642       4,951,932       4,797,440  
 
                       
Operating Income (Loss)
    633,386       (271,727 )     1,287,027       215,076  
 
                       
Other Income (Expense):
                               
Income of equity investment, net
    988       1,366       1,195       2,526  
Debt extinguishments
          (71,269 )     (423 )     (71,269 )
Other, net
    90       (574 )     26       494  
Interest expense
    (63,230 )     (121,975 )     (126,331 )     (209,045 )
Interest income
    10,747       8,232       20,251       18,696  
 
                       
Total other expense
    (51,405 )     (184,220 )     (105,282 )     (258,598 )
 
                       
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes
    581,981       (455,947 )     1,181,745       (43,522 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    223,122       (174,884 )     451,909       (22,822 )
 
                       
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations
    358,859       (281,063 )     729,836       (20,700 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    (171 )     (1,889 )     6,064       (3,541 )
 
                       
Net Income (Loss)
  $ 358,688     $ (282,952 )   $ 735,900     $ (24,241 )
 
                       
 
Basic Earnings (Loss) per Share:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 1.04     $ (0.82 )   $ 2.11     $ (0.06 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    (0.01 )     (0.01 )     0.02       (0.01 )
 
                       
Net income (loss)
  $ 1.03     $ (0.83 )   $ 2.13     $ (0.07 )
 
                       
 
                               
Diluted Earnings (Loss) per Share:
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations
  $ 1.01     $ (0.82 )   $ 2.06     $ (0.06 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
          (0.01 )     0.02       (0.01 )
 
                       
Net income (loss)
  $ 1.01     $ (0.83 )   $ 2.08     $ (0.07 )
 
                       
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)
                 
    June 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (thousands of dollars, except per share amounts)  
ASSETS
               
Current Assets:
               
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 797,223     $ 754,962  
Restricted cash
    7,086       3,251  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net of allowance of $19,497 and $36,724
    1,504,054       1,082,746  
Inventory
    330,799       285,408  
Derivative assets
    3,896,022       663,049  
Margin deposits
    203,284       139,834  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    84,728       83,253  
Prepayments and other current assets
    129,332       218,873  
Assets held for sale
    452,857        
Current assets of discontinued operations
          2,133  
 
           
Total current assets
    7,405,385       3,233,509  
 
           
Property, plant and equipment, gross
    6,507,625       6,852,170  
Accumulated depreciation
    (1,692,618 )     (1,629,953 )
 
           
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
    4,815,007       5,222,217  
 
           
Other Assets:
               
Goodwill, net
    351,634       379,644  
Other intangibles, net
    394,105       405,338  
Derivative assets
    1,406,213       376,535  
Prepaid lease
    262,489       270,133  
Other
    233,126       304,424  
 
           
Total other assets
    2,647,567       1,736,074  
 
           
Total Assets
  $ 14,867,959     $ 10,191,800  
 
           
 
               
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
               
Current Liabilities:
               
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $ 24,467     $ 52,546  
Accounts payable, principally trade
    1,188,571       687,046  
Derivative liabilities
    3,066,290       885,346  
Margin deposits
    9,100       250  
Other
    607,588       426,839  
Liabilities held for sale
    53,206        
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
    4,766        
 
           
Total current liabilities
    4,953,988       2,052,027  
 
           
Other Liabilities:
               
Derivative liabilities
    1,385,211       473,516  
Other
    399,584       278,641  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
    3,542       3,542  
 
           
Total other liabilities
    1,788,337       755,699  
 
           
Long-term Debt
    2,877,848       2,902,346  
 
           
Commitments and Contingencies
               
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    5,603       4,694  
 
           
Stockholders’ Equity:
               
Preferred stock; par value $0.001 per share (125,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding)
           
Common stock; par value $0.001 per share (2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 347,813,336 and 344,579,508 issued)
    109       106  
Additional paid-in capital
    6,228,514       6,215,512  
Accumulated deficit
    (899,626 )     (1,635,526 )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss
    (86,814 )     (103,058 )
 
           
Total stockholders’ equity
    5,242,183       4,477,034  
 
           
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 14,867,959     $ 10,191,800  
 
           
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (thousands of dollars)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
               
Net income (loss)
  $ 735,900     $ (24,241 )
(Income) loss from discontinued operations
    (6,064 )     3,541  
 
           
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
    729,836       (20,700 )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation and amortization
    177,369       202,572  
Deferred income taxes
    430,817       (30,116 )
Net changes in energy derivatives
    (1,105,625 )     (166,400 )
Amortization of deferred financing costs
    4,376       45,443  
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    (22,923 )     (1,727 )
Debt extinguishments
    423       71,269  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34,000        
Other, net
    (145 )     6,364  
Changes in other assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts and notes receivable, net
    (435,848 )     (212,797 )
Changes in notes with affiliate
    (5,440 )      
Inventory
    (47,936 )     (18,390 )
Margin deposits, net
    (54,600 )     112,646  
Net derivative assets and liabilities
    (38,594 )     (27,380 )
Western states litigation and similar settlements payments
          (35,000 )
Accounts payable
    487,656       206,017  
Other current assets
    (28,343 )     (24,432 )
Other assets
    19,357       (2,980 )
Taxes payable/receivable
    22,749       (7,444 )
Other current liabilities
    15,575       (75,353 )
Other liabilities
    (1,174 )     2,493  
 
           
Net cash provided by continuing operations from operating activities
    181,530       24,085  
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations from operating activities
    9,332       (2,540 )
 
           
Net cash provided by operating activities
    190,862       21,545  
 
           
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
               
Capital expenditures
    (117,130 )     (99,172 )
Proceeds from sales of emission and exchange allowances
    28,420       3,346  
Purchases of emission allowances
    (17,644 )     (14,127 )
Restricted cash
    (3,835 )     19,646  
Other, net
    1,435       2,130  
 
           
Net cash used in investing activities
    (108,754 )     (88,177 )
 
           
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
               
Payments of long-term debt
    (45,193 )     (1,465,891 )
Proceeds from long-term debt
          1,300,000  
Increase in short-term borrowings and revolving credit facilities, net
          6,554  
Payments of financing costs
          (29,634 )
Payments of debt extinguishments
    (423 )     (71,269 )
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    5,769       28,957  
 
           
Net cash used in financing activities
    (39,847 )     (231,283 )
 
           
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    42,261       (297,915 )
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    754,962       463,909  
 
           
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 797,223     $ 165,994  
 
           
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information:
               
Cash Payments:
               
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) for continuing operations
  $ 127,795     $ 205,505  
Income taxes paid (net of income tax refunds) for continuing operations
    2,687       14,738  
See Notes to our Unaudited Consolidated Interim Financial Statements

 

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RELIANT ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(1) Background and Basis of Presentation
(a) Background.
“Reliant Energy” refers to Reliant Energy, Inc. and “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Reliant Energy, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Our business consists primarily of two business segments, retail energy and wholesale energy. See note 13. Our consolidated interim financial statements and notes (interim financial statements) are unaudited, omit certain disclosures and should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes in our Form 10-K.
(b) Basis of Presentation.
Estimates. Management makes estimates and assumptions to prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) that affect:
    the reported amount of assets, liabilities and equity;
 
    the reported amounts of revenues and expenses; and
 
    our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements.
Adjustments and Reclassifications. The interim financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary, in management’s opinion, to present fairly our financial position and results of operations for the reported periods. Amounts reported for interim periods, however, may not be indicative of a full year period due to seasonal fluctuations in demand for electricity and energy services, changes in commodity prices, changes in our retail revenue rates and changes in regulations, timing of maintenance and other expenditures, dispositions, changes in interest expense and other factors. We have changed the presentation of our December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet due to the adoption of FSP FIN 39-1, Amendment of FASB Interpretation No. 39 (FIN 39-1). See below.
Deconsolidation of Channelview. On August 20, 2007, four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, Reliant Energy Channelview LP (Channelview LP), Reliant Energy Channelview (Texas) LLC, Reliant Energy Channelview (Delaware) LLC and Reliant Energy Services Channelview LLC (collectively, Channelview), filed for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. As Channelview is currently subject to the supervision of the bankruptcy court, we deconsolidated Channelview’s financial results beginning August 20, 2007 and began reporting our investment in Channelview using the cost method.
The Channelview plant was sold on July 1, 2008. See note 14 for further discussion of Channelview.
Gross Receipts Taxes. We record gross receipts taxes for our retail energy segment on a gross basis in revenues and operations and maintenance in our consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, our retail energy segment’s revenues and operation and maintenance include gross receipts taxes of $27 million and $24 million, respectively, and during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, $48 million and $45 million, respectively.
New Accounting Pronouncement Adopted — Offsetting of Amounts. FIN 39-1 was applicable for us beginning January 1, 2008. This interpretation allows either (a) offsetting assets and liabilities for derivative instruments under a master netting arrangement only if the fair value amounts recognized for any related cash collateral are also offset or (b) presenting these amounts gross.
Effective January 1, 2008, we discontinued netting our derivative assets and liabilities (with the same counterparty pursuant to a master netting arrangement) and present them on a gross basis. Cash collateral amounts remain presented on a gross basis. This change has significantly increased our derivative assets and liabilities retrospectively for all financial statements presented and is accounted for as a change in accounting principle.

 

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The effect to our December 31, 2007 consolidated balance sheet was as follows: (Note — only line items impacted are shown.)
                 
    December 31, 2007  
    As Previously        
    Reported in the     Upon Adoption  
    Form 10-K     of FIN 39-1  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Current derivative assets
  $ 214     $ 663  
Total current assets
    2,784       3,233  
Noncurrent derivative assets
    90       376  
Total other assets
    1,450       1,736  
Total assets
    9,457       10,192  
 
               
Current derivative liabilities
    437       885  
Total current liabilities
    1,602       2,050  
Noncurrent derivative liabilities
    187       474  
Total other liabilities
    470       757  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
    9,457       10,192  
New Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Adopted — Disclosures about Derivatives and Hedging Activities. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (SFAS No. 161) is an amendment of SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” and is intended to enhance the related qualitative and quantitative disclosures, including information about objectives, strategies, volume and credit-risk-related contingent features. SFAS No. 161 must be adopted by January 1, 2009.
(2) Stock-based Compensation
Our compensation expense for our stock-based incentive plans was:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
Stock-based incentive plans compensation expense (pre-tax)
  $ 4     $ 13     $ 8     $ 20  
 
                       
During February 2008, the compensation committee of our board of directors granted stock-based compensation awards to 47 of our officers under the Reliant Energy, Inc. 2002 Long-Term Incentive Plan. The committee granted 461,824 time-based stock options (exercise price of $23.38 per share, which vest in three equal installments during February 2009, 2010 and 2011), 215,527 time-based restricted stock units (which vest during February 2011) and 371,586 market-based cash units (each payable into a cash amount equal to the market value of one share of our common stock if our common stock closes at $32 or higher for 20 consecutive trading days before February 19, 2011). In addition, during February 2008, the committee granted 95,574 time-based restricted stock units and 95,574 time-based cash units to other employees under the Reliant Energy, Inc. 2002 Stock Plan. These awards will vest during February 2011.
No tax benefits related to stock-based compensation were realized during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007 due to our net operating loss carryforwards.

 

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(3) Fair Value Measurements
Summary. Effective January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (SFAS No. 157) on a prospective basis for our derivative assets and liabilities. In connection with the adoption, no cumulative effect of an accounting change was recognized. For non-financial assets and liabilities, the adoption of SFAS No. 157 has been deferred until January 1, 2009.
Fair Value Hierarchy and Valuation Techniques. We apply recurring fair value measurements to our derivative assets and liabilities. In determining fair value, we generally use the market approach and incorporate assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and/or the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation techniques. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable internally-developed inputs. Based on the observability of the inputs used in our valuation techniques, our derivative assets and liabilities are classified as follows:
Level 1: Level 1 represents unadjusted quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that are accessible at the measurement date. This category includes our energy derivative instruments that are exchange-traded or that are cleared and settled through the exchange.
Level 2: Level 2 represents quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. This category includes emission allowances futures that are exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) derivative instruments such as generic swaps and forwards.
Level 3: This category includes our energy derivative instruments whose fair value is estimated based on internally developed models and methodologies utilizing significant inputs that are generally less readily observable from objective sources (such as market heat rates, implied volatilities and correlations). Our OTC, complex or structured derivative instruments that are transacted in less liquid markets with limited pricing information are included in Level 3. Examples are structured power supply contracts, coal contracts, longer term natural gas contracts and options.
We value some of our OTC, complex or structured derivative instruments using valuation models, which utilize inputs that may not be corroborated by market data. When such inputs are significant to the fair value measurement, the derivative assets or liabilities are classified as Level 3 when we do not have corroborating market evidence to support significant valuation model inputs and cannot verify the model to market transactions. We believe the transaction price is the best estimate of fair value at inception under the exit price methodology. Accordingly, when a pricing model is used to value such an instrument, the resulting value is adjusted so the model value at inception equals the transaction price. Valuation models are typically impacted by Level 1 or Level 2 inputs that can be observed in the market, as well as unobservable Level 3 inputs. Subsequent to initial recognition, we update Level 1 and Level 2 inputs to reflect observable market changes. Level 3 inputs are updated when corroborated by available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used.
Fair Value of Derivative Instruments. Fair value measurements of our derivative assets and liabilities are as follows:
                                         
    June 30, 2008  
                                    Total  
    Level 1     Level 2     Level 3     Reclassifications(1)     Fair Value  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Total derivative assets
  $ 962     $ 3,519     $ 861     $ (40 )   $ 5,302  
Total derivative liabilities
    1,095       3,017       379       (40 )     4,451  
 
     
(1)   Reclassifications are required to reconcile to FIN 39-1 consolidated balance sheet presentation.

 

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The following is a reconciliation of changes in fair value of net derivative assets and liabilities classified as Level 3:
                 
    Three Months Ended     Six Months Ended  
    June 30, 2008     June 30, 2008  
    Net Derivatives     Net Derivatives  
    (in millions)     (in millions)  
 
               
Balance, beginning of period
  $ 326     $ 121  
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
               
Included in earnings
    278 (1)     398 (1)
Purchases, issuances and settlements (net)
    (124 )     (36 )
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3 (net)
    2 (2)     (1 )(3)
 
           
Balance, June 30, 2008
  $ 482     $ 482  
 
           
 
               
Changes in unrealized gains/losses relating to derivative assets and liabilities still held at June 30, 2008
    224 (4)     261 (5)
 
     
(1)   Recorded in revenues and cost of sales.
 
(2)   Represents fair value as of March 31, 2008.
 
(3)   Represents fair value as of December 31, 2007.
 
(4)   Includes $(2) million recorded in revenues and $226 million recorded in cost of sales.
 
(5)   Includes $(1) million recorded in revenues and $262 million recorded in cost of sales.
See notes 2(d) and 5 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K for additional information about our derivatives.
(4) Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of total comprehensive income (loss) are:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Net income (loss)
  $ 359     $ (283 )   $ 736     $ (24 )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
                               
Deferred income from cash flow hedges
                      3  
Reclassification of net deferred loss from cash flow hedges realized in net income/loss
    6       20       16       45  
 
                       
Comprehensive income (loss)
  $ 365     $ (263 )   $ 752     $ 24  
 
                       
(5) Goodwill
2008 Annual Goodwill Impairment Tests. We are in the process of performing our annual goodwill impairment tests for our wholesale energy and retail energy reporting units effective April 1, 2008.
Estimation of Our Wholesale Energy Reporting Unit’s Fair Value. We anticipate using substantially the same subjective factors and significant assumptions to estimate fair value in our 2008 test as we used in our April 2007 test. See note 4(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.

 

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(6) Derivative Instruments
For discussion of our derivative activities, see notes 2(d) and 5 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K. The income (loss) of our energy and interest rate derivative instruments is:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Energy derivatives:
                               
Hedge ineffectiveness gains (losses)
  $ 1 (1)   $ (1 ) (1)   $ (1)   $ 2 (1)
Other net unrealized gains (losses)
    569       (325 )     1,128       194  
Interest rate derivatives:
                               
Other net unrealized losses
          (2 )           (5 )
 
                       
Total(2)(3)
  $ 570     $ (328 )   $ 1,128     $ 191  
 
                       
 
     
(1)   During 2007, we de-designated our remaining cash flow hedges; the amount reflected here subsequent to that time relates to previously measured ineffectiveness reversing due to settlement of the derivative contracts.
 
(2)   No component of the derivatives’ gain or loss was excluded from the assessment of effectiveness.
 
(3)   During the three and six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, $0 was recognized in our results of operations as a result of the discontinuance of cash flow hedges because it was probable that the forecasted transaction would not occur.
Amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
                 
    June 30, 2008  
            Expected to be  
            Reclassified into  
            Results of Operations  
    At the End of the Period     in Next 12 Months  
    (in millions)  
 
               
De-designated cash flow hedges
  $ 64     $ 23  
 
           
Although we discontinued our proprietary trading business in March 2003, we have legacy positions, which will be closed as economically feasible or in accordance with their terms. The income (loss) associated with these transactions is:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Revenues
  $     $     $     $  
Cost of sales
    (13 )           (17 )      
 
                       
Total
  $ (13 )   $     $ (17 )   $  
 
                       

 

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(7) Debt
Our outstanding debt:
                                                 
    June 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    Weighted                     Weighted              
    Average                     Average              
    Stated                     Stated              
    Interest                     Interest              
    Rate(1)     Long-term     Current     Rate(1)     Long-term     Current  
    (in millions, except interest rates)  
Facilities, Bonds and Notes:
                                               
Reliant Energy:
                                               
Senior secured revolver due 2012
    4.53 %   $     $       6.45 %   $     $  
Senior secured notes due 2014(2)
    6.75       667             6.75       671       41  
Senior unsecured notes due 2013
    9.50             13 (3)     9.50       13        
Senior unsecured notes due 2014
    7.625       575             7.625       575        
Senior unsecured notes due 2017
    7.875       725             7.875       725        
Convertible senior subordinated notes due 2010 (unsecured)(4)
    5.00                   5.00       2        
Subsidiary Obligations:
                                               
Orion Power Holdings, Inc. senior notes due 2010 (unsecured)
    12.00       400             12.00       400        
Reliant Energy Seward, LLC PEDFA(5) fixed-rate bonds due 2036
    6.75       500             6.75       500        
Reliant Energy Power Supply, LLC working capital facility due 2012
    2.93                   5.30              
 
                                       
Total facilities, bonds and notes
            2,867       13               2,886       41  
 
                                       
Other:
                                               
Adjustment to fair value of debt(6)
            11       11               17       11  
 
                                       
Total other debt
            11       11               17       11  
 
                                       
Total debt
          $ 2,878     $ 24             $ 2,903     $ 52  
 
                                       
 
     
(1)   The weighted average stated interest rates are as of June 30, 2008 or December 31, 2007.
 
(2)   We repurchased $45 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and incurred an insignificant amount of debt extinguishment expenses.
 
(3)   In July 2008, we called the remaining $13 million.
 
(4)   In April 2008, nearly all of these outstanding notes were converted to common stock.
 
(5)   PEDFA is the Pennsylvania Economic Development Financing Authority.
 
(6)   Debt acquired in the acquisition of Orion Power Holdings, Inc. and subsidiaries was adjusted to fair value as of the acquisition date. Included in interest expense is amortization for valuation adjustments for debt of $3 million and $4 million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively, and $6 million and $7 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
Amounts borrowed and available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreements as of June 30, 2008:
                                 
    Total Committed     Drawn     Letters     Unused  
    Credit     Amount     of Credit     Amount  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Reliant Energy senior secured revolver due 2012
  $ 500     $     $ 223     $ 277  
Reliant Energy letter of credit facility due 2014
    250             250        
Retail working capital facility due 2012
    300                   300  
 
                       
 
  $ 1,050     $     $ 473     $ 577  
 
                       

 

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(8) Earnings Per Share
Reconciliations of the amounts used in the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share computations are:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Income (loss) from continuing operations (basic)
  $ 359     $ (281 )   $ 730     $ (21 )
Plus: Interest expense on 5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes, net of tax
    (1)     (2)     (1)     (2)
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations (diluted)
  $ 359     $ (281 )   $ 730     $ (21 )
 
                       
 
     
(1)   In December 2006 and April 2008, nearly all of these outstanding notes were converted to common stock.
 
(2)   As we incurred a loss from continuing operations for this period, diluted loss per share is calculated the same as basic loss per share.
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (shares in thousands)  
 
                               
Diluted Weighted Average Shares Calculation:
                               
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)
    346,616       342,074       346,017       340,717  
Plus: Incremental shares from assumed conversions:
                               
Stock options
    4,317       (1)     4,285       (1)
Restricted stock
    575       (1)     559       (1)
Employee stock purchase plan
    47       (1)     23       (1)
5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes
    18       (1)     115       (1)
Warrants
    2,481       (1)     3,079       (1)
 
                       
Weighted average shares outstanding assuming conversion (diluted)
    354,054       342,074       354,078       340,717  
 
                       
 
     
(1)   See note (2) above regarding diluted loss per share.
We excluded the following items from diluted earnings (loss) per common share due to the anti-dilutive effect:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
          (shares in thousands, dollars in millions)        
 
                               
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share
    N/A       11,196 (1)     N/A       10,653 (1)
Shares excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because the exercise price exceeded the average market price
    1,833 (2)     2,112 (2)     1,849 (2)     2,138 (2)
Interest expense that would be added to income if 5.00% convertible senior subordinated notes were dilutive
    N/A     $ (3)     N/A     $ (3)
 
     
(1)   Potential shares excluded consist of convertible senior subordinated notes, warrants, stock options, restricted stock and shares related to the employee stock purchase plan.
 
(2)   Includes stock options.
 
(3)   In December 2006, we converted 99.2% of our convertible senior subordinated notes to common stock.

 

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(9) Income Taxes
(a) Tax Rate Reconciliation.
A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate to the effective income tax rate is:
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
 
Federal statutory rate
    35 %     35 %     35 %     35 %
Additions (reductions) resulting from:
                               
Federal tax uncertainties
          1             14  
Federal valuation allowance
                      (7 )
State income taxes, net of federal income taxes
    3       2       3       8  
Other, net
                      2  
 
                       
Effective rate
    38 %     38 %     38 %     52 %
 
                       
(b) Valuation Allowances.
We assess our future ability to use federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards, capital loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets using the more-likely-than-not criteria. These assessments include an evaluation of our recent history of earnings and losses, future reversals of temporary differences and identification of other sources of future taxable income, including the identification of tax planning strategies in certain situations.
Our valuation allowances for deferred tax assets are:
                         
                    Capital, Foreign  
    Federal     State     and Other, Net  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
As of December 31, 2007
  $ 14     $ 67     $ 22  
Changes in valuation allowances
          5       (1 )
 
                 
As of March 31, 2008
    14       72       21  
Changes in valuation allowances
          2        
 
                 
As of June 30, 2008
  $ 14     $ 74     $ 21  
 
                 
(c) Adoption of FIN 48 and Tax Uncertainties.
Effective January 1, 2007, we adopted FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes”. This interpretation addresses whether (and when) tax benefits claimed in our tax returns should be recorded in our financial statements. Pursuant to FIN 48, we may only recognize the tax benefit for financial reporting purposes from an uncertain tax position when it is more-likely-than-not that, based on the technical merits, the position will be sustained by taxing authorities or the courts. The recognized tax benefits are measured as the largest benefit having a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority. FIN 48 also provides guidance for derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, disclosures, transition rules and related matters. We classify accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain income tax positions in income tax expense/benefit.
We expect to continue discussions with taxing authorities regarding tax positions related to the following, and believe it is reasonably possible some of these matters could be resolved in the next 12 months; however, we cannot estimate the range of changes that might occur:
    $177 million payment to CenterPoint during 2004 related to our residential customers;
 
    $351 million charge during 2005 to settle certain civil litigation and claims relating to the Western states energy crisis (see note 14(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K); and
 
    the timing of tax deductions as a result of negotiations with respect to California-related revenue, depreciation, emission allowances and certain employee benefits.

 

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(10) Guarantees and Indemnifications
We have guaranteed some non-qualified benefits of CenterPoint’s existing retirees at September 20, 2002. The estimated maximum potential amount of future payments under the guarantee was approximately $55 million as of June 30, 2008 and no liability is recorded in our consolidated balance sheets for this item.
In addition, we are also required to indemnify CenterPoint for certain liabilities relating to the initial public offering of our common stock.
We also guarantee the $500 million PEDFA bonds, which are included in our consolidated balance sheet as outstanding debt. Our guarantees are secured by guarantees from some of our subsidiaries. The guarantees require us to comply with covenants substantially identical to those in the 6.75% senior secured notes indenture. The PEDFA bonds will become secured by certain assets of our Seward power plant if the collateral supporting both the 6.75% senior secured notes and our guarantees are released. Our maximum potential obligation under the guarantees is for payment of the principal of $500 million and related interest charges at a fixed rate of 6.75%.
We have guaranteed payments to a third party relating to energy sales from El Dorado Energy, LLC, a former investment. The estimated maximum potential amount of future payments under this guarantee was approximately $21 million as of June 30, 2008 and no liability is recorded in our consolidated balance sheets for this item.
We enter into contracts that include indemnification and guarantee provisions. In general, we enter into contracts with indemnities for matters such as breaches of representations and warranties and covenants contained in the contract and/or against certain specified liabilities. Examples of these contracts include asset sales agreements, retail supply agreements, service agreements and procurement agreements.
In our debt agreements, we typically indemnify against liabilities that arise from the preparation, entry into, administration or enforcement of the agreement.
Except as otherwise noted, we are unable to estimate our maximum potential exposure under these agreements until an event triggering payment occurs. We do not expect to make any material payments under these agreements.
(11) Contingencies
We are party to many legal proceedings, some of which may involve substantial amounts. Unless otherwise noted, we cannot predict the outcome of the matters described below.
(a) Pending Natural Gas Litigation.
The following proceedings relate to alleged conduct in the natural gas markets. In 2005 and 2006, we settled a number of proceedings that were pending in California and other Western states; however, a number of other proceedings remain pending.
We are party to approximately 30 lawsuits, several of which are class action lawsuits, in state and federal courts in California, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nevada, Tennessee and Wisconsin. These lawsuits relate to alleged conduct to increase natural gas prices in violation of antitrust and similar laws. The lawsuits seek treble or punitive damages, restitution and/or expenses. The lawsuits also name a number of unaffiliated energy companies as parties.

 

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One of the natural gas cases is a case filed by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP) in the California Superior Court in 2004. The lawsuit alleges that we conspired to manipulate natural gas prices in breach of our supply contract with LADWP and in violation of California’s antitrust laws and the California False Claims Act. The lawsuit seeks treble damages for the alleged overcharges (estimated to be $218 million) for gas purchased by LADWP, interest and legal costs. The lawsuit also seeks (a) a determination that an extension of the contract with LADWP was invalid in that the required municipal approvals for the extension were allegedly not obtained and (b) a return of all money paid by LADWP during that period (estimated to be $681 million).
Recent developments in these cases include:
    In May 2008, we signed a memorandum of understanding to settle the 16 cases comprising the California-based gas index litigation, including the case filed by LADWP. The settlement is subject to definitive documentation that has not been completed. The charges anticipated to be incurred in connection with the settlement were expensed during the first quarter of 2008.
 
    In September 2007, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals issued decisions in a number of the other gas cases in which we are a defendant. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed a series of lower court decisions holding that the filed rate doctrine barred the plaintiffs’ claims in those cases. As a result of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals rulings, these cases have been remanded for further proceedings at the trial court level.
(b) Environmental Matters.
New Source Review Matters. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and various states are investigating compliance of coal-fueled electric generating stations with the pre-construction permitting requirements of the Clean Air Act known as “New Source Review.” In 2000 and 2001, we responded to the EPA’s information requests related to five of our stations, and in December 2007, we received supplemental requests for two of those stations. The EPA has agreed to share information relating to its investigations with state environmental agencies.
In December 2007, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) filed suit against us in the United States District Court in Pennsylvania, alleging that New Source Review violations occurred at one of our power plants located in Pennsylvania. The suit seeks installation of “best available” control technologies for each pollutant, to enjoin us from operating the plant if it is not in compliance with the Clean Air Act and civil penalties. The allegations are based on projects occurring prior to our ownership of the facility and the suit names three past owners of the plant as defendants. We believe we are indemnified by or have the right to seek indemnification from the prior owners for losses and expenses that we may incur.
We are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of the EPA’s investigation or the NJDEP’s suit, but a final finding that we violated the New Source Review requirements could result in significant capital expenditures associated with the implementation of emissions reductions on an accelerated basis and possible penalties.
Ash Disposal Landfill Closures. We are responsible for environmental costs related to the future closures of seven ash disposal landfills. We recorded the estimated discounted costs associated with these environmental liabilities as part of our asset retirement obligations. See note 2(o) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
Remediation Obligations. We are responsible for environmental costs related to site contamination investigations and remediation requirements at four power plants in New Jersey. We recorded the estimated liability for the remediation costs of $8 million as of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007.

 

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Conemaugh Actions. In April 2007, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) filed suit against us in the Court of Common Pleas of Indiana County, Pennsylvania. In addition, in April 2007, PennEnvironment and the Sierra Club filed a citizens’ suit against us in the United States District Court, Western District of Pennsylvania. Each suit alleges that the Conemaugh plant is in violation of its water discharge permit and related state and federal laws and seeks civil penalties, remediation and to enjoin violations. The Conemaugh plant is jointly leased by us and seven other companies and is governed by a consent order agreement with the PADEP. We are confident that the Conemaugh plant has operated and will continue to operate in material compliance with the consent order agreement, its water discharge permit and related state and federal laws. However, if PADEP or PennEnvironment and the Sierra Club are successful, we could incur significant capital expenditures associated with the implementation of discharge reductions on an accelerated basis and possible penalties.
Global Warming. In February 2008, the Native Village of Kivalina and the City of Kivalina filed a suit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California against us and 23 other electric generating and oil and gas companies. The lawsuit seeks damages of up to $400 million for the cost of relocating the village allegedly because of global warming caused by the greenhouse gas emissions of the defendants.
(c) Other.
PUCT Cases. There are various proceedings pending before the state district court in Travis County, Texas, seeking reviews of the Public Utility Commission of Texas (PUCT) orders relating to the fuel factor component used in our “price-to-beat” tariff. These proceedings pertain to the same issues affirmed by a district court in Travis County and later by the Travis County Court of Appeals in 2004 in a separate proceeding.
CenterPoint Indemnity. We have agreed to indemnify CenterPoint against certain losses relating to the lawsuits described in note 11(a) under “Pending Natural Gas Litigation.”
Texas Franchise Audit. The state of Texas has issued assessment orders indicating an estimated tax liability of approximately $53 million (including interest and penalties of $16 million) relating primarily to the sourcing of receipts for 2000 through 2005. We are contesting the audit assessments related to this issue.
Sales Tax Contingencies. Some of our sales tax computations are subject to challenge under audit. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we have $22 million and $19 million, respectively, accrued in current and noncurrent liabilities relating to these contingencies.

 

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(12) Supplemental Guarantor Information
Our wholly-owned subsidiaries are either (a) full and unconditional guarantors, jointly and severally, or (b) non-guarantors of the senior secured notes.
Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations.
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 1,079     $ 2,825     $ (480 )   $ 3,424  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          937       1,951       (478 )     2,410  
Operation and maintenance
          51       180       (2 )     229  
Selling, general and administrative
          3       83       (1 )     85  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
                             
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
          (20 )     (2 )           (22 )
Depreciation and amortization
          33       55             88  
 
                             
Total
          1,004       2,267       (481 )     2,790  
 
                             
Operating income
          75       558       1       634  
 
                             
Income of equity investment, net
          1                   1  
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    353       35             (388 )      
Interest expense
    (40 )     (9 )     (14 )           (63 )
Interest income
    4       3       3             10  
Interest income (expense) — affiliated companies, net
    46       (29 )     (17 )            
 
                             
Total other income (expense)
    363       1       (28 )     (388 )     (52 )
 
                             
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    363       76       530       (387 )     582  
Income tax expense
    4       19       197       3       223  
 
                             
Income continuing operations
    359       57       333       (390 )     359  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
          1       (1 )            
 
                             
Net income
  $ 359     $ 58     $ 332     $ (390 )   $ 359  
 
                             
                                         
    Three Months Ended June 30, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 860     $ 2,377     $ (587 )   $ 2,650  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          736       2,324       (584 )     2,476  
Operation and maintenance
          48       188       (3 )     233  
Selling, general and administrative
          7       98             105  
(Gains) losses on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
          5       (7 )           (2 )
Depreciation and amortization
          38       72             110  
 
                             
Total
          834       2,675       (587 )     2,922  
 
                             
Operating income (loss)
          26       (298 )           (272 )
 
                             
Income of equity investment, net
          2                   2  
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    (221 )     (42 )           263        
Debt extinguishments
    (71 )                       (71 )
Other, net
    (1 )                       (1 )
Interest expense
    (93 )     (9 )     (20 )           (122 )
Interest income
    2       2       4             8  
Interest income (expense) — affiliated companies, net
    93       (69 )     (24 )            
 
                             
Total other expense
    (291 )     (116 )     (40 )     263       (184 )
 
                             
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes
    (291 )     (90 )     (338 )     263       (456 )
Income tax benefit
    (8 )     (47 )     (120 )           (175 )
 
                             
Loss from continuing operations
    (283 )     (43 )     (218 )     263       (281 )
Loss from discontinued operations
                (2 )           (2 )
 
                             
Net loss
  $ (283 )   $ (43 )   $ (220 )   $ 263     $ (283 )
 
                             

 

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Operations.
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 1,989     $ 5,177     $ (927 )   $ 6,239  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          1,770       3,313       (922 )     4,161  
Operation and maintenance
          112       332       (2 )     442  
Selling, general and administrative
          9       154       (2 )     161  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34                         34  
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
          (21 )     (2 )           (23 )
Depreciation and amortization
          68       109             177  
 
                             
Total
    34       1,938       3,906       (926 )     4,952  
 
                             
Operating income (loss)
    (34 )     51       1,271       (1 )     1,287  
 
                             
Income of equity investment, net
          1                   1  
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    739       78             (817 )      
Interest expense
    (82 )     (17 )     (27 )           (126 )
Interest income
    10       4       6             20  
Interest income (expense) — affiliated companies, net
    101       (67 )     (34 )            
 
                             
Total other income (expense)
    768       (1 )     (55 )     (817 )     (105 )
 
                             
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
    734       50       1,216       (818 )     1,182  
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (2 )     (4 )     455       3       452  
 
                             
Income from continuing operations
    736       54       761       (821 )     730  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
          8       (2 )           6  
 
                             
Net income
  $ 736     $ 62     $ 759     $ (821 )   $ 736  
 
                             
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
 
                                       
Revenues
  $     $ 1,682     $ 4,448     $ (1,118 )   $ 5,012  
 
                             
Cost of sales
          1,605       3,426       (1,112 )     3,919  
Operation and maintenance
          107       363       (6 )     464  
Selling, general and administrative
          11       181             192  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
          22                   22  
(Gains) losses on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
          8       (10 )           (2 )
Depreciation and amortization
          86       116             202  
 
                             
Total
          1,839       4,076       (1,118 )     4,797  
 
                             
Operating income (loss)
          (157 )     372             215  
 
                             
Income of equity investment, net
          3                   3  
Income of equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    (5 )     (42 )           47        
Debt extinguishments
    (71 )                       (71 )
Interest expense
    (149 )     (17 )     (43 )           (209 )
Interest income
    6       5       7             18  
Interest income (expense) — affiliated companies, net
    184       (142 )     (42 )            
 
                             
Total other expense
    (35 )     (193 )     (78 )     47       (259 )
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    (35 )     (350 )     294       47       (44 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    (11 )     (121 )     109             (23 )
 
                             
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    (24 )     (229 )     185       47       (21 )
Loss from discontinued operations
                (3 )           (3 )
 
                             
Net income (loss)
  $ (24 )   $ (229 )   $ 182     $ 47     $ (24 )
 
                             
 
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.

 

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheets.
                                         
    June 30, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
ASSETS
                                       
Current Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 520     $     $ 278     $     $ 798  
Restricted cash
          2       5             7  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net
    9       407       1,098       (10 )     1,504  
Accounts and notes receivable — affiliated companies
    1,890       323       292       (2,505 )      
Inventory
          164       167             331  
Derivative assets
          295       3,601             3,896  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    1       84                   85  
Other current assets
    19       222       111       (20 )     332  
Assets held for sale
          453                   453  
 
                             
Total current assets
    2,439       1,950       5,552       (2,535 )     7,406  
 
                             
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
          2,415       2,400             4,815  
 
                             
Other Assets:
                                       
Goodwill and other intangibles, net
          144       483       119       746  
Notes receivable — affiliated companies
    2,528       621       68       (3,217 )      
Equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    2,893       374             (3,267 )      
Derivative assets
                1,414       (8 )     1,406  
Other long-term assets
    51       894       317       (766 )     496  
 
                             
Total other assets
    5,472       2,033       2,282       (7,139 )     2,648  
 
                             
Total Assets
  $ 7,911     $ 6,398     $ 10,234     $ (9,674 )   $ 14,869  
 
                             
 
                                       
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                                       
Current Liabilities:
                                       
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $ 13     $     $ 11     $     $ 24  
Accounts payable, principally trade
          116       1,076       (3 )     1,189  
Accounts and notes payable — affiliated companies
          2,062       443       (2,505 )      
Derivative liabilities
          221       2,845             3,066  
Other current liabilities
    43       234       413       (73 )     617  
Liabilities held for sale
          53                   53  
Current liabilities of discontinued operations
                5             5  
 
                             
Total current liabilities
    56       2,686       4,793       (2,581 )     4,954  
 
                             
Other Liabilities:
                                       
Notes payable — affiliated companies
          2,459       758       (3,217 )      
Derivative liabilities
                1,385             1,385  
Other long-term liabilities
    641       128       348       (717 )     400  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
                4             4  
 
                             
Total other liabilities
    641       2,587       2,495       (3,934 )     1,789  
 
                             
Long-term Debt
    1,966       501       411             2,878  
 
                             
Commitments and Contingencies
                                       
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    6                         6  
 
                             
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    5,242       624       2,535       (3,159 )     5,242  
 
                             
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 7,911     $ 6,398     $ 10,234     $ (9,674 )   $ 14,869  
 
                             

 

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    December 31, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
ASSETS
                                       
Current Assets:
                                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 490     $ 1     $ 264     $     $ 755  
Restricted cash
          1       2             3  
Accounts and notes receivable, principally customer, net
    11       252       831       (11 )     1,083  
Accounts and notes receivable — affiliated companies
    2,009       368       328       (2,705 )      
Inventory
          148       137             285  
Derivative assets
          123       540             663  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview, net
    1       82                   83  
Other current assets
    19       160       197       (17 )     359  
Current assets of discontinued operations
                2             2  
 
                             
Total current assets
    2,530       1,135       2,301       (2,733 )     3,233  
 
                             
Property, Plant and Equipment, net
          2,870       2,353             5,223  
 
                             
Other Assets:
                                       
Goodwill and other intangibles, net
          184       482       119       785  
Notes receivable — affiliated companies
    2,365       656       68       (3,089 )      
Equity investments of consolidated subsidiaries
    2,212       304             (2,516 )      
Derivative assets
          44       332             376  
Other long-term assets
    55       860       356       (696 )     575  
 
                             
Total other assets
    4,632       2,048       1,238       (6,182 )     1,736  
 
                             
Total Assets
  $ 7,162     $ 6,053     $ 5,892     $ (8,915 )   $ 10,192  
 
                             
 
                                       
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                                       
Current Liabilities:
                                       
Current portion of long-term debt and short-term borrowings
  $ 41     $     $ 11     $     $ 52  
Accounts payable, principally trade
          68       624       (5 )     687  
Accounts and notes payable — affiliated companies
    103       2,223       379       (2,705 )      
Derivative liabilities
          112       773             885  
Other current liabilities
    11       182       256       (23 )     426  
 
                             
Total current liabilities
    155       2,585       2,043       (2,733 )     2,050  
 
                             
Other Liabilities:
                                       
Notes payable — affiliated companies
          2,213       876       (3,089 )      
Derivative liabilities
          57       417             474  
Other long-term liabilities
    539       152       284       (696 )     279  
Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
                4             4  
 
                             
Total other liabilities
    539       2,422       1,581       (3,785 )     757  
 
                             
Long-term Debt
    1,986       500       417             2,903  
 
                             
Commitments and Contingencies
                                       
Temporary Equity Stock-based Compensation
    5                         5  
 
                             
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    4,477       546       1,851       (2,397 )     4,477  
 
                             
Total Liabilities and Equity
  $ 7,162     $ 6,053     $ 5,892     $ (8,915 )   $ 10,192  
 
                             
 
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.

 

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Condensed Consolidating Statements of Cash Flows.
                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2008  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                                       
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations from operating activities
  $ 39     $ (140 )   $ 283     $     $ 182  
Net cash provided by discontinued operations from operating activities
          7       2             9  
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    39       (133 )     285             191  
 
                             
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                                       
Capital expenditures
          (13 )     (104 )           (117 )
Investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries, net(2)
    30       8       (83 )     45        
Proceeds from sales (purchases) of emission and exchange allowances
          59       (48 )           11  
Restricted cash
                (4 )           (4 )
Other, net
          1                   1  
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
    30       55       (239 )     45       (109 )
 
                             
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                                       
Payments of long-term debt
    (45 )                       (45 )
Changes in notes with affiliated companies, net(3)
          77       (32 )     (45 )      
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    6                         6  
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (39 )     77       (32 )     (45 )     (39 )
 
                             
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    30       (1 )     14             43  
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    490       1       264             755  
 
                             
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 520     $     $ 278     $     $ 798  
 
                             

 

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Table of Contents

                                         
    Six Months Ended June 30, 2007  
    Reliant Energy     Guarantors     Non-Guarantors     Adjustments(1)     Consolidated  
    (in millions)  
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
                                       
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations from operating activities
  $ 60     $ (237 )   $ 201     $     $ 24  
Net cash used in discontinued operations from operating activities
                (3 )           (3 )
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
    60       (237 )     198             21  
 
                             
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
                                       
Capital expenditures
          (12 )     (87 )           (99 )
Investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries, net(2)(3)
    (40 )           (259 )     299        
Net purchases of emission and exchange allowances
          (3 )     (8 )           (11 )
Restricted cash
          (1 )     21             20  
Other, net
          3       (1 )           2  
 
                             
Net cash used in investing activities
    (40 )     (13 )     (334 )     299       (88 )
 
                             
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
                                       
Payments of long-term debt
    (1,458 )           (7 )           (1,465 )
Proceeds from long-term debt
    1,300                         1,300  
Increase in short-term borrowings and revolving credit facilities, net
                7             7  
Changes in notes with affiliated companies, net(3)(4)
          228       71       (299 )      
Payments of financing costs
    (30 )                       (30 )
Payments of debt extinguishments
    (71 )                       (71 )
Proceeds from issuances of stock
    29                         29  
Other, net
    (1 )                       (1 )
 
                             
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
    (231 )     228       71       (299 )     (231 )
 
                             
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    (211 )     (22 )     (65 )           (298 )
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period
    286       24       154             464  
 
                             
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period
  $ 75     $ 2     $ 89     $     $ 166  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   These amounts relate to either (a) eliminations and adjustments recorded in the normal consolidation process or (b) reclassifications recorded due to differences in classifications at the subsidiary levels compared to the consolidated level.
 
(2)   Net investments in, advances to and from and distributions from subsidiaries are classified as investing activities.
 
(3)   Reliant Energy converted intercompany notes payable of a guarantor subsidiary of $753 million to equity during 2007.
 
(4)   Net changes in notes with affiliated companies are classified as financing activities for subsidiaries of Reliant Energy and as investing activities for Reliant Energy.

 

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(13) Reportable Segments
Financial data for our segments are as follows:
                                         
    Retail     Wholesale     Other              
    Energy     Energy     Operations     Eliminations     Consolidated  
                (in millions)              
Three months ended June 30, 2008:
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 2,410     $ 1,014 (1)   $     $     $ 3,424  
Intersegment revenues
          83       3       (86 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(2)(3)
    462       279 (4)     2       (2 )     741  
 
                                       
Three months ended June 30, 2007:
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 1,994     $ 656     $     $     $ 2,650  
Intersegment revenues
          141       4       (145 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(2)(5)
    (234 )     122 (6)     4       (2 )     (110 )
 
                                       
Six months ended June 30, 2008 (except as denoted):
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 4,345     $ 1,893 (7)   $ 1     $     $ 6,239  
Intersegment revenues
          131       6       (137 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(2)(8)
    1,056       496 (9)     3       (3 )     1,552  
Total assets as of June 30, 2008
    6,372       8,340       957       (800 )     14,869  
 
                                       
Six months ended June 30, 2007 (except as denoted):
                                       
Revenues from external customers
  $ 3,695     $ 1,317 (1)   $     $     $ 5,012  
Intersegment revenues
          228       7       (235 )      
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives (2)(10)
    450       80 (11)     6       (4 )     532  
Total assets as of December 31, 2007
    2,285       7,720       1,081 (12)     (894)     10,192  
 
     
(1)   Includes $146 million from affiliates.
 
(2)   Revenues less (a) cost of sales, (b) operation and maintenance, (c) selling and marketing and (d) bad debt expense.
 
(3)   Includes $502 million, $68 million and $570 million in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(4)   Includes $69 million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(5)   Includes $(360) million, $34 million and $(326) million in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(6)   Includes $(30) million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(7)   Includes $253 million from affiliates.
 
(8)   Includes $1.0 billion, $98 million and $1.1 billion in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(9)   Includes $114 million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(10)   Includes $256 million, $(60) million and $196 million in retail energy, wholesale energy and consolidated, respectively, results relating to unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives, which is a non-cash item.
 
(11)   Includes $(63) million relating to historical and operational wholesale hedges.
 
(12)   Other operations include discontinued operations of $2 million.

 

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    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
                               
Contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 741     $ (110 )   $ 1,552     $ 532  
Other general and administrative
    41       54       77       95  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
                34       22  
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    (22 )(1)     (2 )     (23 )(1)     (2 )
Depreciation
    68       86       136       173  
Amortization
    20       24       41       29  
 
                       
Operating income (loss)
    634       (272 )     1,287       215  
Income of equity investment, net
    1       2       1       3  
Debt extinguishments
          (71 )           (71 )
Other, net
          (1 )            
Interest expense
    (63 )     (122 )     (126 )     (209 )
Interest income
    10       8       20       18  
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
    582       (456 )     1,182       (44 )
Income tax expense (benefit)
    223       (175 )     452       (23 )
 
                       
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    359       (281 )     730       (21 )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
          (2 )     6       (3 )
 
                       
Net income (loss)
  $ 359     $ (283 )   $ 736     $ (24 )
 
                       
 
     
(1)   Includes gains of $26 million related to sales of carbon dioxide exchange allowances.
(14) Sale of Channelview’s Plant and the Bankruptcy Filings
On August 20, 2007, Channelview filed voluntary petitions in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Channelview LP filed for bankruptcy protection to prevent the lenders from exercising their remedies, including foreclosing on the project. The bankruptcy cases are being jointly administered, with Channelview managing its business in the ordinary course as debtors-in-possession subject to the supervision of the bankruptcy court.
In June 2008, the bankruptcy court approved the sale of Channelview’s plant and assignment of related contracts for $500 million. During the second quarter of 2008, we recognized a $5 million charge relating to an impairment of our net investment in and receivables from Channelview and incurrence of sale-related costs (classified in gains (losses) on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net). This charge is subject to change. As of June 30, 2008, our net investment in and receivables from Channelview was $85 million, classified as a current asset.
The sale was completed on July 1, 2008, at which time Channelview LP paid off its secured lenders and distributed $15 million to us. Channelview expects to distribute additional funds to us relating primarily to previous sales of fuel, funds from operations and funds escrowed for potential indemnification claims (of approximately $50 million in the aggregate) over the next year.

 

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As a result of the bankruptcies, we deconsolidated Channelview’s financial results beginning August 20, 2007, and began reporting our investment in Channelview using the cost method. We will continue to account for Channelview as a cost method investment until the emergence from bankruptcy, which is expected to occur later in 2008. The following table contains certain combined financial information of Channelview:
                 
    June 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (in millions)  
 
               
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 354     $ 356  
Secured debt obligations, including accrued interest
    340       340  
Payables to Reliant Energy and its subsidiaries, net
    90       96  
(15) Sale of Bighorn Plant
In April 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our Bighorn natural gas-fired combined-cycle electric generation facility located in Clark County, Nevada with a nominal capacity of 598 megawatts and assign some related contracts. The Bighorn plant is a part of our wholesale energy segment. The $500 million purchase price is subject to certain adjustments, which are not expected to be material. The sale is subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of the Public Utilities Commission of Nevada. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has authorized the sale. We expect to close in the fourth quarter of 2008 and expect to recognize a pre-tax gain on the sale of approximately $45 million. As of June 30, 2008, we have the following assets and liabilities classified as held for sale:
         
    June 30, 2008  
    (in millions)  
 
       
Property, plant and equipment, net
  $ 404  
Goodwill
    21  
Prepaid and other assets
    28  
 
     
Total held for sale assets for Bighorn
  $ 453  
 
     
 
       
Deferred tax liabilities
  $ 51  
Other
    2  
 
     
Total held for sale liabilities for Bighorn
  $ 53  
 
     
(16) Discontinued Operations
Subsequent to the sale of our New York plants in February 2006, we continue to have (a) insignificant settlements with the independent system operator and (b) property tax and sales and use tax settlements. In addition, we periodically record amounts for contingent consideration for the 2003 sale of our European energy operations. These amounts are classified as discontinued operations in our results of operations and consolidated balance sheets, as applicable.

 

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Form 10-K. This includes non-GAAP financial measures, which are not standardized; therefore it may not be possible to compare these financial measures with other companies’ non-GAAP financial measures having the same or similar names. These non-GAAP financial measures, which are discussed further in “—Consolidated Results of Operations,” reflect an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results, may provide a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business segments. Investors should review our consolidated financial statements and publicly filed reports in their entirety and not rely on any single financial measure.
Business Overview
We provide electricity and energy services to retail and wholesale customers through two business segments.
    Retail energy — provides electricity and energy services to approximately 1.8 million retail electricity customers in Texas, including residential and small business customers and commercial, industrial and governmental/institutional customers. Our next largest market is the PJM Market, where we serve commercial, industrial and governmental/institutional customers. We regularly evaluate entering other markets.
 
    Wholesale energy — provides electricity and energy services in the competitive wholesale energy markets in the United States through our ownership and operation or contracting for power generation capacity. We have approximately 15,000 megawatts of power generation capacity.
Key Earnings Drivers.
Retail Energy. The retail energy segment is a low capital investment electricity resale business with relatively stable earnings (excluding unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives) compared to our wholesale energy segment. We earn a margin by selling electricity to end-use customers and acquiring supply for the estimated demand. The key earnings drivers in the retail energy segment are the volume of electricity we sell to customers, the unit margins received on those sales and the cost of acquiring and serving those customers (operating costs). These earnings drivers are impacted by various factors including:
Volume of electricity sales
    Local weather patterns
 
    Number and type of customers
 
    Energy efficiency behaviors
 
    Expansion into new markets
Unit margins
    Competitive tactics of other retailers in the market
 
    Cost of supply compared to revenue rate charged
 
    Incremental value-added services
Operating costs
    Operating efficiencies
 
    Cost to acquire and retain customers
 
    Ability to collect
Wholesale Energy. The wholesale energy segment is a capital-intensive, cyclical business. Earnings are significantly impacted by spark spreads and capacity prices. Spark spreads are driven by a number of factors, including the prices of natural gas, coal and fuel oil, the cost of emissions, transmission, weather and global macro-economic factors, none of which we control. The factor that we have the most control over is the percentage of time that our generating assets are available to run when it is economical for them to do so (commercial capacity factor). The key earnings drivers in the wholesale energy segment are the amount of time our power plants are economical to operate (economic generation) and commercial capacity factor, which both determine the amount of electricity we generate, the margin we earn for each unit of electricity sold, the availability of our generating assets to meet demand (other margin) and operating costs. These earnings drivers are impacted by various factors including:

 

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Economic generation
    Supply and demand fundamentals
 
    Spark spreads
 
    Generation asset fuel type and efficiency
Commercial capacity factor
    Operations excellence
 
    Maintenance practices
Unit margin
    Supply and demand fundamentals
 
    Commodity prices
 
    Generation asset fuel type and efficiency
Other margin
    Capacity prices
 
    Power purchase agreements sold to others
 
    Ancillary services
Operating costs
    Operating efficiencies
 
    Maintenance practices
 
    Generation asset fuel type
Recent Events
Bighorn Plant. In April 2008, we entered into an agreement to sell our Bighorn natural gas-fired combined-cycle electric generation facility located in Clark County, Nevada with a nominal capacity of 598 megawatts for $500 million and assign some related contracts. See note 15 to our interim financial statements for further discussion.
Retail Energy Segment. The Houston area experienced thirty-year record heat in late May and early June 2008. As a result, load demand in Houston and south Texas was greater than we expected. Additionally, transmission constraints limited the ability to move power into the Houston and south Texas zones, which caused some of our power supply to be unavailable to meet expected demand. In response, we purchased power in Houston and south Texas to meet our increased load at market prices, which resulted in negative retail contribution margin in our retail energy segment for the second quarter of 2008. We have secured retail supply for the remainder of 2008 and beyond from sources in Houston and south Texas for our expected load, which will result in lower third quarter retail contribution margin in 2008 compared to 2007. Given the significant volatility in supply prices, we have and will continue to refine our pricing and supply strategies. See “—Consolidated Results of Operations” below for further explanation and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of our Form 10-K.
Channelview. In July 2008, Channelview completed the sale of its plant for $500 million. See note 14 to our interim financial statements for further discussion.
Environmental Matters. In July 2008, the District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals vacated the EPA’s Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) and remanded it to the EPA. The decision raises questions as to whether the EPA can design new cap-and-trade programs for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) that are consistent with the Clean Air Act provisions that address upwind contributions to downward states’ noncompliance with national ambient air quality standards for ozone and fine particulate matter. The decision sets aside CAIR’s proposed annual allowance-based NOx program and the increased surrender rate for SO2 allowances. The existing ozone season NOx program and the SO2 allowance requirements under the Clean Air Act’s acid rain program will continue. We do not know if the EPA will appeal the decision. We cannot reasonably estimate changes, if any, to our capital expenditures or operating costs for this ruling or any additional regulations that may be enacted.
In June 2008, we revised our estimated capital expenditures for compliance with the first phase of Pennsylvania’s mercury control program to approximately $50 million. This amount is adjusted from our preliminary estimate for the first phase of the program of $88 million to $103 million as a result of refined site-specific engineering and technology evaluations.

 

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Consolidated Results of Operations
Three Months Ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Three Months Ended June 30, 2007
We reported $359 million consolidated net income, or $1.01 income per diluted share, for the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $283 million consolidated net loss, or $0.83 loss per share, for the same period in 2007.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
          (in millions)        
 
                       
Retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 462     $ (234 )   $ 696  
Wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
    279       122       157  
Other contribution margin
          2       (2 )
Other general and administrative
    (41 )     (54 )     13  
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    22       2       20  
Depreciation and amortization
    (88 )     (110 )     22  
Income of equity investment, net
    1       2       (1 )
Debt extinguishments
          (71 )     71  
Other, net
          (1 )     1  
Interest expense
    (63 )     (122 )     59  
Interest income
    10       8       2  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (223 )     175       (398 )
 
                 
Income (loss)from continuing operations
    359       (281 )     640  
Loss from discontinued operations
          (2 )     2  
 
                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 359     $ (283 )   $ 642  
 
                 
Retail Energy Segment.
In analyzing the results of our retail energy segment and in communications with investors, analysts, rating agencies, banks and other parties, we use the non-GAAP financial measures “retail gross margin” and “retail contribution margin,” which excludes the item described below, as well as our retail energy segment profit and loss measure, “contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” Retail gross margin and retail contribution margin should not be relied upon without considering the GAAP financial measures.
Unrealized Gains/Losses on Energy Derivatives. We use derivative instruments to manage operational or market constraints and to execute our retail energy segment’s supply procurement strategy. We are required to record in our consolidated statement of operations non-cash gains/losses related to future periods based on current changes in forward commodity prices for derivative instruments receiving mark-to-market accounting treatment. We refer to these gains and losses prior to settlement, as well as ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges, as “unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” In substantially all cases, the underlying transactions being hedged receive accrual accounting treatment, resulting in a mismatch of accounting treatments. Since the application of mark-to-market accounting has the effect of pulling forward into current periods non-cash gains/losses relating to and reversing in future delivery periods, analysis of results of operations from one period to another can be difficult. We believe that excluding these unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives provides a more meaningful representation of our economic performance in the reporting period and is therefore useful to us, investors, analysts and others in facilitating the analysis of our results of operations from one period to another.
Our retail energy segment’s contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $462 million during the three months ended June 30, 2008, compared to $(234) million in the same period of 2007. The $696 million increase was primarily due to the net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $862 million. Retail contribution margin decreased $166 million primarily due to $170 million decrease in retail gross margin, partially offset by $15 million decrease in bad debt expense. See “— Retail Energy Margins” below for explanations.

 

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Retail Energy Operational Data.
                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (gigawatt hours)  
Electricity Sales to End-Use Retail Customers:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    3,523       3,542  
Non-Houston
    2,000       1,923  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    738       756  
Non-Houston
    382       365  
 
           
Total Mass
    6,643       6,586  
Commercial and Industrial:
               
ERCOT(1)(2)
    9,752       9,052  
Non-ERCOT
    1,506       1,106  
 
           
Total Commercial and Industrial
    11,258       10,158  
 
           
Market usage adjustments
    5       28  
 
           
Total
    17,906       16,772  
 
           
 
     
(1)   These volumes include customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.
 
(2)   ERCOT is the Electric Reliability Council of Texas.
                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (in thousands, metered locations)  
Weighted Average Retail Customer Count:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    988       1,066  
Non-Houston
    541       565  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    109       117  
Non-Houston
    39       35  
 
           
Total Mass
    1,677       1,783  
Commercial and Industrial(1)
    93       89  
 
           
Total
    1,770       1,872  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Includes customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.
                 
    June 30, 2008     December 31, 2007  
    (in thousands, metered locations)  
Retail Customers:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    999       1,016  
Non-Houston
    549       555  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    110       109  
Non-Houston
    39       38  
 
           
Total Mass
    1,697       1,718  
Commercial and Industrial(1)
    93       93  
 
           
Total
    1,790       1,811  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Includes customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.

 

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Retail Energy Revenues.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
Retail energy revenues from end-use retail customers:
                       
Mass:
                       
Residential:
                       
Houston
  $ 529     $ 542     $ (13 )(1)
Non-Houston
    275       271       4  
Small Business:
                       
Houston
    115       122       (7 )
Non-Houston
    54       51       3  
 
                 
Total Mass
    973       986       (13 )
Commercial and Industrial:
                       
ERCOT
    1,036       822       214 (2)
Non-ERCOT
    140       80       60 (3)
 
                 
Total Commercial and Industrial
    1,176       902       274  
 
                 
Total
    2,149       1,888       261  
 
                 
 
                       
Retail energy revenues from resales of purchased power and other hedging activities
    261       112       149 (4)
Market usage adjustments(5)
          (6 )     6  
 
                 
Total retail energy revenues
  $ 2,410     $ 1,994     $ 416  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower unit sales prices and (b) lower volumes driven by (i) fewer number of customers and (ii) a change in customer usage and mix, partially offset by warmer weather.
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher unit sales prices due to (i) variable rate contracts, which are tied to the market price of natural gas and (ii) fixed price contracts renewed at higher market rates due to higher prices of electricity when contracts were executed and (b) higher volumes due to (i) increased number of customers and (ii) a change in customer usage and mix.
 
(3)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher unit sales prices due to higher prices of electricity when contracts were executed and (b) higher volumes due to increased number of customers, partially offset by a change in customer usage and mix.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to our supply management activities in various markets in Texas.
 
(5)   The revenues and the related energy supply costs in our retail energy segment include our estimates of customer usage based on initial usage information provided by the independent system operators and the distribution companies. We revise these estimates and record any changes in the period as additional settlement information becomes available (collectively referred to as “market usage adjustments”).
Retail Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
          (in millions)        
 
                       
Costs of sales
  $ 2,260     $ 1,606     $ 654  
Retail energy intersegments costs
    83       141       (58 )
 
                 
Subtotal
    2,343       1,747       596 (1)
 
                 
Market usage adjustments
          10       (10 )
Unrealized (gains) losses on energy derivatives
    (502 )     360       (862 )(2)
 
                 
Total retail energy cost of sales
  $ 1,841     $ 2,117     $ (276 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement due in part to weather and (b) higher volumes due to (i) warmer weather and (ii) increased number of commercial and industrial customers. This increase was partially offset by lower volumes due to (a) fewer number of mass customers and (b) a change in customer usage and mix.
 
(2)   See footnote 4 under “— Retail Energy Margins.”

 

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Retail Energy Margins.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Mass gross margin
  $ 66     $ 201     $ (135 )(1)
Commercial and industrial gross margin
    1       52       (51 )(2)
Market usage adjustments
          (16 )     16  
 
                 
Retail gross margin
    67       237       (170 )
 
                 
Operation and maintenance
    (63 )     (60 )     (3 )
Selling and marketing expense
    (38 )     (30 )     (8 )
Bad debt expense
    (6 )     (21 )     15 (3)
 
                 
Retail contribution margin
    (40 )     126       (166 )
Unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives
    502       (360 )     862 (4)
 
                 
Total retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(5)
  $ 462     $ (234 )   $ 696  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to lower unit margins driven by (a) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement, (b) higher market rates on incremental volumes purchased for higher customer load due to weather, (c) increased cost of intra-month congestion and (d) lower unit sales prices.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to lower unit margins driven by (a) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement, (b) increased cost of intra-month congestion and (c) higher load related charges. This decrease was partially offset by (a) higher unit sales prices driven by (i) variable rate contracts, which are tied to the market price of natural gas and (ii) fixed price contracts renewed at higher market rates due to higher prices of electricity when the contracts were executed and (b) higher volumes due to increased number of customers.
 
(3)   Decrease primarily due to improved collections.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to $1.1 billion gain from changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market, partially offset by $190 million loss on energy derivatives settled during the period.
 
(5)   Retail energy segment profit and loss measure.
Wholesale Energy Segment.
In analyzing the results of our wholesale energy segment and in communications with investors, analysts, rating agencies, banks and other parties, we use the non-GAAP financial measures “open energy gross margin,” “open wholesale gross margin” and “open wholesale contribution margin,” which exclude the items described below, as well as our wholesale energy segment profit and loss measure, “contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” Open energy gross margin, open wholesale gross margin and open wholesale contribution margin should not be relied upon without considering the GAAP financial measures.
Historical and Operational Wholesale Hedges. We exclude the recurring effect of certain historical wholesale hedges that were entered into in order to hedge the economics of a portion of our wholesale operations. These amounts primarily relate to settlements of forward power hedges, long-term tolling purchases, long-term natural gas transportation contracts not serving our generation assets and our legacy energy trading. We also exclude the effect of certain on-going operational wholesale hedges that were entered into primarily to mitigate certain operational risks at our generation assets. These amounts primarily relate to settlements of fuel hedges, long-term natural gas transportation contracts and storage contracts. Operational wholesale hedges are derived based on methodology consistent with the calculation of open energy gross margin. We believe that it is useful to us, investors, analysts and others to show our results in the absence of both historical and operational hedges. The impact of these hedges on our financial results is not a function of the operating performance of our generation assets, and excluding the impact better reflects the operating performance of our generation assets based on prevailing market conditions.
Unrealized Gains/Losses on Energy Derivatives. We use derivative instruments to manage operational or market constraints and to increase the return on our generation assets. We are required to record in our consolidated statement of operations non-cash gains/losses related to future periods based on current changes in forward commodity prices for derivative instruments receiving mark-to-market accounting treatment. We refer to these gains and losses prior to settlement, as well as ineffectiveness on cash flow hedges, as “unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.” In some cases, the underlying transactions being hedged receive accrual accounting treatment, resulting in a mismatch of accounting treatments. Since the application of mark-to-market accounting has the effect of pulling forward into current periods non-cash gains/losses relating to and reversing in future delivery periods, analysis of results of operations from one period to another can be difficult. We believe that excluding these unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives provides a more meaningful representation of our economic performance in the reporting period and is therefore useful to us, investors, analysts and others in facilitating the analysis of our results of operations from one period to another. These gains/losses are also not a function of the operating performance of our generation assets, and excluding their impact helps isolate the operating performance of our generation assets under prevailing market conditions.

 

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Our wholesale energy segment’s contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $279 million during the three months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $122 million in the same period of 2007. The $157 million increase was primarily due to (a) $99 million increase in historical and operational wholesale hedges and (b) net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $34 million. Open wholesale contribution margin increased $24 million primarily due to $15 million increase in open wholesale gross margin and $9 million decrease in operation and maintenance expenses. See “— Wholesale Energy Margins” below for explanations.
Wholesale Energy Operational and Financial Data.
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    GWh     % Economic(1)     GWh     % Economic(1)  
Economic Generation(2)(3):
                               
PJM Coal
    5,316.6       73 %     6,028.7       83 %
MISO Coal
    1,359.3       49 %     2,063.3       75 %
PJM/MISO Gas
    352.0       5 %     339.4       5 %
West
    308.6       4 %     898.9       13 %
Other
    7.0       1 %     1,413.3       69 %
 
                       
Total
    7,343.5       29 %     10,743.6       41 %
 
                       
 
                               
Commercial Capacity Factor(4):
                               
PJM Coal
    83.7 %             75.9 %        
MISO Coal
    90.8 %             51.3 %        
PJM/MISO Gas
    91.6 %             91.1 %        
West
    94.1 %             95.1 %        
Other
    81.4 %             91.9 %        
 
                           
Total
    85.9 %             75.4 %        
 
                           
 
                               
Generation(3):
                               
PJM Coal
    4,452.3               4,575.2          
MISO Coal
    1,233.9               1,058.7          
PJM/MISO Gas
    322.6               309.2          
West
    290.4               855.2          
Other
    5.7               1,298.7          
 
                           
Total
    6,304.9               8,097.0          
 
                           
 
                               
Open Energy Unit Margin ($/MWh)(5):
                               
PJM Coal
  $ 36.16             $ 32.57          
MISO Coal
    23.50               30.23          
PJM/MISO Gas
    46.50               29.11          
West
  NM (6)                      
Other
                  5.39          
 
                           
Total weighted average
  $ 32.04             $ 24.33          
 
                           
 
     
(1)   Represents economic generation (hours) divided by maximum generation hours (maximum plant capacity multiplied by 8,760 hours).
 
(2)   Estimated generation at 100% plant availability based on an hourly analysis of when it is economical to generate based on the price of power, fuel, emission allowances and variable operating costs.
 
(3)   Excludes generation related to power purchase agreements, including tolling agreements.
 
(4)   Generation divided by economic generation.
 
(5)   Represents open energy gross margin divided by generation.
 
(6)   NM is not meaningful.

 

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Wholesale Energy Revenues.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party revenues
  $ 862     $ 667     $ 195 (1)
Wholesale energy intersegment revenues
    83       141       (58 )(2)
 
                 
Subtotal
    945       808       137  
 
                 
Revenues — affiliates
    146 (3)           146  
Unrealized gains (losses)
    6       (11 )     17 (4)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy revenues
  $ 1,097     $ 797     $ 300  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher power and natural gas sales prices, (b) higher RPM capacity payments and (c) higher power sales volumes. RPM is the model utilized by the PJM Interconnection, LLC to meet load serving entities’ forecasted capacity obligations via a forward-looking commitment of capacity resources. This increase was partially offset by (a) lower natural gas sales volumes and (b) lower steam sales due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower power sales volumes and (b) lower natural gas sales volumes related to a contract that ended in October 2007. This decrease was partially offset by higher power sales prices.
 
(3)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These revenues represent sales of fuel to Channelview.
 
(4)   See footnote 9 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”
Wholesale Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party costs
  $ 593     $ 545     $ 48 (1)
Cost of sales — affiliates
    121 (2)           121  
Unrealized gains
    (62 )     (45 )     (17 )(3)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy cost of sales
  $ 652     $ 500     $ 152  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher prices paid for natural gas and (b) higher coal prices. This increase was partially offset by lower purchased natural gas volumes.
 
(2)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These cost of sales represent purchases of power from Channelview.
 
(3)   See footnote 9 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”

 

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Wholesale Energy Margins.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
Open energy gross margin(1):
                       
PJM Coal
  $ 161     $ 149     $ 12 (2)
MISO Coal
    29       32       (3 )
PJM/MISO Gas
    15       9       6  
West
    (3 )           (3 )
Other
          7       (7 )
 
                 
Total
    202       197       5  
 
                       
Other margin(3):
                       
PJM Coal
    26       15       11 (4)
MISO Coal
    3       3        
PJM/MISO Gas
    33       25       8 (5)
West
    34       36       (2 )
Other
    10       17       (7 )(6)
 
                 
Total
    106       96       10  
 
                 
 
                       
Open wholesale gross margin
    308       293       15  
 
                 
 
                       
Operation and maintenance
    (166 )     (175 )     9 (7)
 
                 
Open wholesale contribution margin
    142       118       24  
Historical and operational wholesale hedges
    69       (30 )     99 (8)
Unrealized gains on energy derivatives
    68       34       34 (9)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives(10)
  $ 279     $ 122     $ 157  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Open energy gross margin is calculated using the power sales prices received by the plants less delivered spot fuel prices. This figure excludes the effects of other margin, our historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives.
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher open energy unit margins (higher power prices partially offset by higher fuel costs) and (b) higher commercial capacity factor related to fewer planned outages in 2008. This increase was partially offset by lower economic generation.
 
(3)   Other margin represents power purchase agreements, capacity payments, ancillary services revenues and selective commercial hedge strategies.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to higher RPM capacity payments.
 
(5)   Increase primarily due to higher RPM capacity payments, partially offset by lower revenue from power purchase agreements.
 
(6)   Decrease primarily due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(7)   Decrease primarily due to (a) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007 and (b) $3 million decrease in planned outages and maintenance spending. This decrease was partially offset by $6 million increase in services and support.
 
(8)   Increase primarily due to (a) $82 million in higher margins on operational hedges and (b) $38 million decrease in losses on closed power hedges. This increase was partially offset by $19 million decrease on hedges of gas transportation.
 
(9)   Increase primarily due to $90 million gain from changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market, partially offset by $58 million loss on energy derivatives settled during the period.
 
(10)   Wholesale energy segment profit and loss measure.

 

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Other General and Administrative.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Salaries and benefits
  $ 24     $ 31     $ (7 )
Professional fees, contract services and information systems maintenance
    9       12       (3 )
Rent and utilities
    5       5        
Legal costs
    1       2       (1 )
Other, net
    2       4       (2 )
 
                 
Other general and administrative
  $ 41     $ 54     $ (13 )
 
                 
Gains on Sales of Assets and Emission and Exchange Allowances, Net.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Emission and exchange allowances
  $ 27 (1)   $ 2     $ 25  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview
    (5 )(2)           (5 )
 
                 
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
  $ 22     $ 2     $ 20  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Includes gains of $26 million related to sales of carbon dioxide exchange allowances.
 
(2)   In the second quarter of 2008, we executed an agreement to sell the Channelview plant and assign related contracts. This amount represents our estimated loss on the sale. See note 14 to our interim financial statements.
Depreciation and Amortization.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Depreciation on plants
  $ 59     $ 76     $ (17 )(1)
Depreciation on information systems
    8       8        
Other, net — depreciation
    1       2       (1 )
 
                 
Depreciation
    68       86       (18 )
 
                 
Amortization of emission allowances
    19       23       (4 )
Other, net — amortization
    1       1        
 
                 
Amortization
    20       24       (4 )
 
                 
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 88     $ 110     $ (22 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) early retirements of plant components when replacement components are installed for upgrades (from $13 million in 2007 to $4 million in 2008), (b) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007 and (c) the classification of Bighorn assets as held for sale in April 2008, which requires depreciation to cease.

 

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Income of Equity Investment, Net. This represents income, which did not change significantly, from our equity method investment in Sabine Cogen, LP.
Other, Net. Other, net did not change significantly.
Interest Expense.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Fixed-rate debt
  $ 58     $ 59     $ (1 )
Fees for MWh’s delivered under credit-enhanced retail structure
    7       7        
Deferred financing costs
    1       42       (41 )(1)
Variable-rate debt
          6       (6 )
Channelview
          7       (7 )(2)
Amortization of fair value adjustment of acquired debt
    (3 )     (4 )     1  
Capitalized interest
    (4 )     (2 )     (2 )
Other, net
    4       7       (3 )
 
                 
Interest expense
  $ 63     $ 122     $ (59 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to $39 million write-off due to early extinguishments of debt in the second quarter of 2007.
 
(2)   Decrease due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
Interest Income.
                         
    Three Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Interest on temporary cash investments
  $ 7     $ 6     $ 1  
Net margin deposits
    3       2       1  
 
                 
Interest income
  $ 10     $ 8     $ 2  
 
                 
Income Tax Expense. See note 9 to our interim financial statements.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. See note 16 to our interim financial statements.

 

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2008 Compared to Six Months Ended June 30, 2007
We reported $736 million consolidated net income, or $2.08 income per diluted share, for the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $24 million consolidated net loss, or $0.07 loss per share, for the same period in 2007.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 1,056     $ 450     $ 606  
Wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
    496       80       416  
Other contribution margin
          2       (2 )
Other general and administrative
    (77 )     (95 )     18  
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    (34 )     (22 )     (12 )
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    23       2       21  
Depreciation and amortization
    (177 )     (202 )     25  
Income of equity investment, net
    1       3       (2 )
Debt extinguishments
          (71 )     71  
Interest expense
    (126 )     (209 )     83  
Interest income
    20       18       2  
Income tax (expense) benefit
    (452 )     23       (475 )
 
                 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
    730       (21 )     751  
Income (loss) from discontinued operations
    6       (3 )     9  
 
                 
Net income (loss)
  $ 736     $ (24 )   $ 760  
 
                 
Retail Energy Segment.
Our retail energy segment’s contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $1,056 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008, compared to $450 million in the same period of 2007. The $606 million increase was primarily due to the net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $774 million. Retail contribution margin decreased $168 million primarily due to $181 million decrease in retail gross margin, partially offset by $25 million decrease in bad debt expense. See “— Retail Energy Margins” below for explanations.
Retail Energy Operational Data.
                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (gigawatt hours)  
Electricity Sales to End-Use Retail Customers:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    5,832       6,187  
Non-Houston
    3,772       3,849  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    1,321       1,471  
Non-Houston
    676       668  
 
           
Total Mass
    11,601       12,175  
Commercial and Industrial:
               
ERCOT(1)
    18,525       17,062  
Non-ERCOT
    2,833       2,085  
 
           
Total Commercial and Industrial
    21,358       19,147  
 
           
Market usage adjustments
    (62 )     (73 )
 
           
Total
    32,897       31,249  
 
           
 
     
(1)   These volumes include customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.

 

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    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (in thousands, metered locations)  
Weighted Average Retail Customer Count:
               
Mass:
               
Residential:
               
Houston
    996       1,074  
Non-Houston
    545       560  
Small Business:
               
Houston
    109       119  
Non-Houston
    38       34  
 
           
Total Mass
    1,688       1,787  
Commercial and Industrial(1)
    92       87  
 
           
Total
    1,780       1,874  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Includes customers of the Texas General Land Office for whom we provide services.
Retail Energy Revenues.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
Retail energy revenues from end-use retail customers:
                       
Mass:
                       
Residential:
                       
Houston
  $ 866     $ 947     $ (81 )(1)
Non-Houston
    514       535       (21 )(1)
Small Business:
                       
Houston
    208       242       (34 )(2)
Non-Houston
    98       95       3  
 
                 
Total Mass
    1,686       1,819       (133 )
Commercial and Industrial:
                       
ERCOT
    1,864       1,542       322 (3)
Non-ERCOT
    257       150       107 (4)
 
                 
Total Commercial and Industrial
    2,121       1,692       429  
 
                 
Total
    3,807       3,511       296  
 
                 
Retail energy revenues from resales of purchased power and other hedging activities
    543       189       354 (5)
Market usage adjustments
    (5 )     (5 )      
 
                 
Total retail energy revenues
  $ 4,345     $ 3,695     $ 650  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower volumes driven by (i) fewer number of customers and (ii) a decrease in average customer usage, partially offset by higher volumes due to warmer weather and (b) lower unit sales prices.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower volumes due to fewer number of customers and (b) lower unit sales prices.
 
(3)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher unit sales prices due to (i) variable rate contracts, which are tied to the market price of natural gas and (ii) fixed price contracts renewed at higher market rates due to higher prices of electricity when the contracts were executed and (b) higher volumes primarily driven by increased number of customers.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher volumes due to increased number of customers, partially offset by a change in customer usage and mix and (b) higher unit sales prices due to higher prices of electricity when contracts were executed.
 
(5)   Increase primarily due to our supply management activities in various markets in Texas.

 

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Retail Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Costs of sales
  $ 3,984     $ 3,048     $ 936  
Retail energy intersegments costs
    131       228       (97 )
 
                 
Subtotal
    4,115       3,276       839 (1)
 
                 
Market usage adjustments
    (2 )     6       (8 )
Unrealized gains on energy derivatives
    (1,030 )     (256 )     (774 )(2)
 
                 
Total retail energy cost of sales
  $ 3,083     $ 3,026     $ 57  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement due in part to weather and (b) higher volumes due to (i) warmer weather and (ii) increased number of commercial and industrial customers, partially offset by (x) fewer number of mass customers and (y) a change in customer usage and mix.
 
(2)   See footnote 5 under “— Retail Energy Margins.”
Retail Energy Margins.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Mass gross margin
  $ 187     $ 356     $ (169 )(1)
Commercial and industrial gross margin
    48       68       (20 )(2)
Market usage adjustments
    (3 )     (11 )     8  
 
                 
Retail gross margin
    232       413       (181 )
 
                 
Operation and maintenance
    (123 )     (121 )     (2 )
Selling and marketing expense
    (70 )     (60 )     (10 )(3)
Bad debt expense
    (13 )     (38 )     25 (4)
 
                 
Retail contribution margin
    26       194       (168 )
Unrealized gains on energy derivatives
    1,030       256       774 (5)
 
                 
Total retail energy contribution margin, including unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 1,056     $ 450     $ 606  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower unit margins driven by (i) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement, (ii) higher market rates on incremental volumes purchased for higher customer load due to weather, (iii) increased cost of intra-month congestion and (iv) lower unit sales prices and (b) lower volumes primarily due to fewer customers.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to lower unit margins driven by (a) higher unit prices of purchased power at the time of procurement, (b) increased cost of intra-month congestion and (c) higher load related charges. This decrease was partially offset by (a) higher unit sales prices driven by (i) variable rate contracts, which are tied to the market price of natural gas and (ii) fixed price contracts renewed at higher market rates due to higher prices of electricity when the contracts were executed and (b) higher volumes due to increased number of customers.
 
(3)   Increase primarily due to increase in salaries, contract services and professional fees partially attributable to “Smart Energy.”
 
(4)   Decrease primarily due to improved collections.
 
(5)   Increase primarily due to $1.1 billion gain from changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market, partially offset by (a) $223 million loss on energy derivatives settled during the period and (b) $157 million loss related to liquidity and credit reserves.
Wholesale Energy Segment.
Our wholesale energy segment’s contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives was $496 million during the six months ended June 30, 2008 compared to $80 million in the same period of 2007. The $416 million increase was primarily due to (a) $177 million increase in historical and operational wholesale hedges and (b) net change in unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives of $158 million. Open wholesale contribution margin increased $81 million primarily due to $56 million increase in open wholesale gross margin and $27 million decrease in operation and maintenance expenses. See “— Wholesale Energy Margins” below for explanations.

 

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Wholesale Energy Operational and Financial Data.
                                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    GWh     % Economic     GWh     % Economic  
 
                               
Economic Generation:
                               
PJM Coal
    11,280.8       77 %     12,127.1       84 %
MISO Coal
    3,407.7       62 %     4,244.7       78 %
PJM/MISO Gas
    412.7       3 %     414.2       3 %
West
    547.0       4 %     907.3       7 %
Other
    7.0       1 %     2,750.2       67 %
 
                       
Total
    15,655.2       31 %     20,443.5       39 %
 
                       
 
                               
Commercial Capacity Factor:
                               
PJM Coal
    84.3 %             77.6 %        
MISO Coal
    81.5 %             56.4 %        
PJM/MISO Gas
    92.0 %             86.3 %        
West
    86.3 %             95.2 %        
Other
    81.4 %             91.4 %        
 
                           
Total
    84.0 %             76.0 %        
 
                           
 
                               
Generation:
                               
PJM Coal
    9,515.1               9,407.4          
MISO Coal
    2,776.1               2,395.0          
PJM/MISO Gas
    379.5               357.5          
West
    472.2               863.7          
Other
    5.7               2,512.8          
 
                           
Total
    13,148.6               15,536.4          
 
                           
 
                               
Open Energy Unit Margin ($/MWh):
                               
PJM Coal
  $ 34.89             $ 31.68          
MISO Coal
    27.02               28.81          
PJM/MISO Gas
    52.70               27.97          
West
  NM (1)           NM (1)        
Other
                  5.57          
 
                           
Total weighted average
  $ 31.87             $ 24.91          
 
                           
 
     
(1)   NM is not meaningful.
Wholesale Energy Revenues.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party revenues
  $ 1,647     $ 1,313     $ 334 (1)
Wholesale energy intersegment revenues
    131       228       (97 )(2)
 
                 
Subtotal
    1,778       1,541       237  
 
                 
Revenues — affiliates
    253 (3)           253  
Unrealized gains (losses)
    (7 )     4       (11 )(4)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy revenues
  $ 2,024     $ 1,545     $ 479  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher power and natural gas sales prices, (b) higher power sales volumes and (c) higher RPM capacity payments. This increase was partially offset by (a) lower natural gas sales volumes and (b) lower steam sales due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to (a) lower power sales volumes and (b) lower natural gas sales volumes related to a contract that ended in October 2007. This decrease was partially offset by higher power sales prices.
 
(3)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These revenues represent sales of fuel to Channelview.
 
(4)   See footnote 8 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”

 

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Wholesale Energy Cost of Sales.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Wholesale energy third-party costs
  $ 1,114     $ 1,057     $ 57 (1)
Cost of sales — affiliates
    200 (2)           200  
Unrealized (gains) losses
    (105 )     64       (169 )(3)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy cost of sales
  $ 1,209     $ 1,121     $ 88  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher prices paid for natural gas and (b) higher coal prices. This increase was partially offset by lower purchased natural gas volumes.
 
(2)   We deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007. These cost of sales represent purchases of power from Channelview.
 
(3)   See footnote 8 under “— Wholesale Energy Margins.”
Wholesale Energy Margins.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
Open energy gross margin:
                       
PJM Coal
  $ 332     $ 298     $ 34 (1)
MISO Coal
    75       69       6  
PJM/MISO Gas
    20       10       10 (2)
West
    (8 )     (4 )     (4 )
Other
          14       (14 )(3)
 
                 
Total
    419       387       32  
 
                       
Other margin:
                       
PJM Coal
    44       22       22 (4)
MISO Coal
    5       5        
PJM/MISO Gas
    60       36       24 (4)
West
    56       59       (3 )
Other
    19       38       (19 )(5)
 
                 
Total
    184       160       24  
 
                 
 
                       
Open wholesale gross margin
    603       547       56  
 
                 
 
                       
Operation and maintenance
    (318 )     (345 )     27 (6)
Bad debt expense
    (1 )     1       (2 )
 
                 
Open wholesale contribution margin
    284       203       81  
Historical and operational wholesale hedges
    114       (63 )     177 (7)
Unrealized gains (losses) on energy derivatives
    98       (60 )     158 (8)
 
                 
Total wholesale energy contribution margin, including historical and operational wholesale hedges and unrealized gains/losses on energy derivatives
  $ 496     $ 80     $ 416  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Increase primarily due to (a) higher open energy unit margins (higher power prices partially offset by higher fuel costs) and (b) higher commercial capacity factor primarily due to lower planned outages in 2008. This increase was partially offset by lower economic generation.
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to higher open energy unit margins (higher power prices partially offset by higher fuel costs).
 
(3)   Decrease primarily due to lower economic generation related to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(4)   Increase primarily due to higher RPM capacity payments.
 
(5)   Decrease primarily due to (a) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007 and (b) lower revenue from power purchase agreements.
 
(6)   Decrease primarily due to (a) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007 and (b) $14 million decrease in planned outages and maintenance spending. This decrease was partially offset by $7 million increase in services and support.
 
(7)   Increase primarily due to (a) $121 million in higher margins on operational hedges and (b) $77 million decrease in losses on closed power hedges. This increase was partially offset by $20 million decrease on hedges of gas transportation.
 
(8)   Increase primarily due to $200 million gain from changes in prices on our derivatives marked to market, partially offset by $40 million loss on energy derivatives settled during the period.

 

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Other General and Administrative.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Salaries and benefits
  $ 42     $ 50     $ (8 )
Professional fees, contract services and information systems maintenance
    16       19       (3 )
Rent and utilities
    11       11        
Legal costs
    3       9       (6 )
Other, net
    5       6       (1 )
 
                 
Other general and administrative
  $ 77     $ 95     $ (18 )
 
                 
Western States Litigation and Similar Settlements. See note 14(a) to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K and note 11 to our interim financial statements.
Gains on Sales of Assets and Emission and Exchange Allowances, Net.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Emission and exchange allowances
  $ 27 (1)   $ 2     $ 25  
Investment in and receivables from Channelview
    (5 )(2)           (5 )
Other, net
    1             1  
 
                 
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
  $ 23     $ 2     $ 21  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Includes gains of $26 million related to sales of carbon dioxide exchange allowances.
 
(2)   In the second quarter of 2008, we executed an agreement to sell the Channelview plant and assign related contracts. This amount represents our estimated loss on the sale. See note 14 to our interim financial statements.
Depreciation and Amortization.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Depreciation on plants
  $ 117     $ 152     $ (35 )(1)
Depreciation on information systems
    16       18       (2 )
Other, net — depreciation
    3       3        
 
                 
Depreciation
    136       173       (37 )
 
                 
Amortization of emission allowances
    39       27       12 (2)
Other, net — amortization
    2       2        
 
                 
Amortization
    41       29       12  
 
                 
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 177     $ 202     $ (25 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to (a) early retirements of plant components when replacement components are installed for upgrades (from $28 million in 2007 to $4 million in 2008) and (b) the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
 
(2)   Increase primarily due to higher average of cost of SO2 allowances purchased and used.

 

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Income of Equity Investment, Net. This represents income, which did not change significantly, from our equity method investment in Sabine Cogen, LP.
Other, Net. Other, net did not change significantly.
Interest Expense.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Fixed-rate debt
  $ 115     $ 118     $ (3 )
Fees for MWh’s delivered under credit-enhanced retail structure
    13       12       1  
Deferred financing costs
    4       45       (41 )(1)
Variable-rate debt
          14       (14 )(2)
Channelview
          13       (13 )(3)
Amortization of fair value adjustment of acquired debt
    (6 )     (7 )     1  
Capitalized interest
    (7 )     (2 )     (5 )
Other, net
    7       16       (9 )
 
                 
Interest expense
  $ 126     $ 209     $ (83 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Decrease primarily due to $39 million write-off due to early extinguishments of debt in the second quarter of 2007.
 
(2)   Decrease primarily due to decrease in balances.
 
(3)   Decrease due to the deconsolidation of Channelview on August 20, 2007.
Interest Income.
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
            (in millions)          
 
                       
Interest on temporary cash investments
  $ 16     $ 13     $ 3  
Net margin deposits
    4       5       (1 )
 
                 
Interest income
  $ 20     $ 18     $ 2  
 
                 
Income Tax Expense. See note 9 to our interim financial statements.
Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations. See note 16 to our interim financial statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
During the six months ended June 30, 2008, we generated $182 million in operating cash flows from continuing operations, including the changes in margin deposits of $55 million (cash outflow).
As of July 31, 2008, we had total available liquidity of $1.5 billion, comprised of unused borrowing capacity, letters of credit capacity and cash and cash equivalents. Of this amount, $300 million is available only to our retail business through our working capital facility agreement with Merrill Lynch. In addition, Merrill Lynch provides financial support that significantly reduces the liquidity requirements and substantially eliminates collateral postings for our retail business. See note 7 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
The $300 million working capital facility includes a minimum adjusted EBITDA covenant for our retail business that may lead us to seek an amendment or we could decide to terminate the facility. We do not believe these events would be material to our liquidity or financial condition.
We expect to close on the sale of our Bighorn plant during the fourth quarter of 2008 with proceeds of approximately $500 million. See note 15 to our interim financial statements for further discussion.
See “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of our Form 10-K and note 6 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.

 

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Credit Risk
By extending credit to our counterparties, we are exposed to credit risk. As of June 30, 2008, our derivative assets and accounts receivable from our wholesale energy and retail energy power supply counterparties, after taking into consideration netting within each contract and any master netting contracts with counterparties, are:
                                         
    Exposure     Credit             Number of     Net Exposure of  
    Before     Collateral     Exposure     Counterparties     Counterparties  
Credit Rating Equivalent   Collateral(1)     Held     Net of Collateral     >10%     >10%  
                    (dollars in millions)                  
 
                                       
Investment grade
  $ 1,106     $ 22     $ 1,084       1     $ 884  
Non-investment grade
    404       1       403       1       201  
No external ratings:
                                       
Internally rated — Investment grade
    70             70              
Internally rated — Non-investment grade
    49       4       45              
 
                             
Total
  $ 1,629     $ 27     $ 1,602       2     $ 1,085  
 
                             
 
     
(1)   The table excludes amounts related to contracts classified as normal purchase/normal sale and non-derivative contractual commitments that are not recorded in our consolidated balance sheets, except for any related accounts receivable. Such contractual commitments contain credit and economic risk if a counterparty does not perform. Nonperformance could have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
As of June 30, 2008, one investment grade counterparty represented 54% ($884 million) of our credit exposure and one non-investment grade counterparty represented 12% ($201 million) of our credit exposure. As of December 31, 2007, two non-investment grade counterparties represented 47% ($206 million) of our credit exposure. As of June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007, we held no collateral from these counterparties. There were no other counterparties representing greater than 10% of our credit exposure.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2008, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

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Historical Cash Flows
Cash Flows — Operating Activities
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
                       
Operating income
  $ 1,287     $ 215     $ 1,072  
Depreciation and amortization
    177       202       (25 )
Gains on sales of assets and emission and exchange allowances, net
    (23 )     (2 )     (21 )
Net changes in energy derivatives
    (1,106 ) (1)     (166 ) (2)     (940 )
Western states litigation and similar settlements
    34             34  
Western states litigation and similar settlements payments
          (35 )     35  
Margin deposits, net
    (55 )     113       (168 )
Change in accounts and notes receivable and accounts payable, net
    52       (7 )     59  
Net option premiums purchased
    (29 )     (18 )     (11 )
Settlements of exchange transactions prior to contractual period(3)
    (5 )     (9 )     4  
Interest payments
    (128 )     (206 )     78  
Income tax payments, net of refunds
    (3 )     (15 )     12  
Other, net
    (19 )     (48 )     29  
 
                 
Net cash provided by continuing operations from operating activities
    182       24       158  
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations from operating activities
    9       (3 )     12  
 
                 
Net cash provided by operating activities
  $ 191     $ 21     $ 170  
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Includes unrealized gains on energy derivatives of $1.1 billion.
 
(2)   Includes unrealized gains on energy derivatives of $196 million.
 
(3)   Represents exchange transactions financially settled within three business days prior to the contractual delivery month.
Cash Flows — Investing Activities
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
Capital expenditures
  $ (117 )   $ (99 )   $ (18 )
Proceeds from sales of emission and exchange allowances
    29 (1)     3       26  
Purchases of emission allowances
    (18 )(2)     (14 )(2)     (4 )
Restricted cash
    (4 )     20       (24 )
Other, net
    1       2       (1 )
 
                 
Net cash used in investing activities
  $ (109 )   $ (88 )   $ (21 )
 
                 
 
     
(1)   Includes $26 million from sales of carbon dioxide exchange allowances.
 
(2)   Includes $14 million for purchases of SO2 allowances.

 

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Cash Flows — Financing Activities
                         
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     Change  
    (in millions)  
 
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes
  $     $ 1,300     $ (1,300 )
Payments of senior secured notes
    (45 )     (1,058 )     1,013  
Payments of senior secured term loans
          (400 )     400  
Proceeds from issuance of stock
    6       29       (23 )
Payments of financing costs
          (30 )     30  
Payments of debt extinguishments
          (71 )     71  
Other, net
          (1 )     1  
 
                 
Net cash used in financing activities
  $ (39 )   $ (231 )   $ 192  
 
                 
New Accounting Pronouncements, Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
New Accounting Pronouncements
See notes 1 and 3 to our interim financial statements.
Significant Accounting Policies
See note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
Critical Accounting Estimates
See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Accounting Estimates — New Accounting Pronouncements, Significant Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates — Critical Accounting Estimates” in Item 7 in our Form 10-K and note 2 to our consolidated financial statements in our Form 10-K.
On January 1, 2008, we adopted SFAS No. 157, which discusses fair value measurements. See note 3 to our interim financial statements.

 

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risks and Risk Management
Our primary market risk exposure relates to fluctuations in commodity prices. See “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of our Form 10-K.
Non-Trading Market Risks
Commodity Price Risk
As of June 30, 2008, the fair values of the contracts related to our net non-trading derivative assets and liabilities are:
                                                         
    Twelve                                            
    Months                                            
    Ending                                            
    June 30,     Remainder                             2013 and     Total fair  
Source of Fair Value   2009     of 2009     2010     2011     2012     thereafter     value  
    (in millions)  
 
                                                       
Prices actively quoted (Level 1)
  $ (30 )   $ (5 )   $ (10 )   $ (10 )   $     $     $ (55 )
Prices provided by other external sources (Level 2)
    380       95       (12 )     (29 )     (8 )           426  
Prices based on models and other valuation methods (Level 3)
    471       42       (13 )     (18 )                 482  
 
                                         
Total mark-to-market non-trading derivatives
  $ 821     $ 132     $ (35 )   $ (57 )   $ (8 )   $     $ 853  
 
                                         
During the second quarter of 2008, we made changes to the methodology used for grouping derivative instruments relative to the source of their fair value. Using the fair value hierarchy parameters from SFAS No. 157 (see note 3 to our interim financial statements) we have made the following reclassifications between categories:
    Instruments whose fair value is based on adjusted quoted market prices in active markets, previously included under the category of prices actively quoted, are now included under prices provided by other external sources;
 
    Instruments that are transacted in less liquid markets, such as contracts for power and coal, previously included under the category of prices provided by other external sources, are now included under prices based on models and other valuation methods; and
 
    Valuation adjustments for liquidity and credit previously included under the category prices based on models and other valuation methods are now included in the category associated with the derivative instrument.
Under the new methodology, the fair values of the contracts related to our net non-trading derivative assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2008 would have been:
                                                         
    Twelve                                            
    Months                                            
    Ending                                            
    March 31,     Remainder                             2013 and     Total fair  
    2009     of 2009     2010     2011     2012     thereafter     value  
    (in millions)  
 
                                                       
Prices actively quoted
  $ (27 )   $ (2 )   $ (4 )   $ (4 )   $     $     $ (37 )
Prices provided by other external sources
    11       18       (26 )     (31 )     (10 )           (38 )
Prices based on models and other valuation methods
    349       (4 )     (10 )     (8 )                 327  
 
                                         
Total mark-to-market non-trading derivatives
  $ 333     $ 12     $ (40 )   $ (43 )   $ (10 )   $     $ 252  
 
                                         

 

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A hypothetical 10% movement in the underlying energy prices would have the following potential gain (loss) impacts on our non-trading derivatives:
                             
        Fair Value of     Earnings Impact of     Total Potential  
As of   Market Prices   Cash Flow Hedges     Other Derivatives     Loss in Fair Value  
        (in millions)  
 
June 30, 2008
  10% decrease   $     $ (513 )   $ (513 )
December 31, 2007
  10% decrease           (353 )     (353 )
Interest Rate Risk
We remain subject to the benefits or losses associated with movements in market interest rates related to certain variable-rate debt, cash, cash equivalents and margin deposits, which are most vulnerable to changes in the federal funds rate. As we deconsolidated Channelview on August 20, 2007 and have no borrowings under our senior secured revolver or retail working capital facility, we have no variable-rate debt outstanding as of June 30, 2008.
We assess interest rate risks using a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential change in our interest expense/income based on a hypothetical one percentage point movement in the underlying variable interest rate indices. If interest rates increased/decreased by one percentage point, our interest expense would have increased/decreased for the twelve months ended June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 by $1 million and $4 million, respectively, and our interest income, net of interest expense would have increased/decreased by $6 million and $2 million, respectively.
We estimated these amounts by considering the impact of hypothetical changes in interest rates on our variable-rate debt, cash and cash equivalents and net margin deposits based on average balances throughout the respective periods.
If interest rates decreased by one percentage point from their June 30, 2008 and December 31, 2007 levels, the fair market values of our fixed-rate debt would have increased by $191 million and $201 million, respectively.
Trading Market Risks
As of June 30, 2008, the fair values of the contracts related to our legacy trading positions and recorded as net derivative assets and liabilities are:
                                                         
    Twelve                                            
    Months                                            
    Ending                                            
    June 30,     Remainder                             2013 and     Total fair  
Source of Fair Value   2009     of 2009     2010     2011     2012     thereafter     value  
    (in millions)  
 
Prices actively quoted (Level 1)
  $ (67 )   $ (7 )   $ (4 )   $     $     $     $ (78 )
Prices provided by other external sources (Level 2)
    76                                     76  
Prices based on models and other valuation methods (Level 3)
                                         
 
                                         
Total
  $ 9     $ (7 )   $ (4 )   $     $     $     $ (2 )
 
                                         

 

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During the second quarter of 2008, we made changes to the methodology used for grouping derivative instruments relative to the source of their fair value; however, these changes did not have a material impact in the presentation of information for our legacy trading positions.
Our consolidated realized and unrealized margins relating to these positions are (income (loss)):
                                 
    Three Months Ended June 30,     Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007     2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
Realized
  $ 2     $ (7 )   $ 9     $ 3  
Unrealized
    (15 )     7       (26 )     (3 )
 
                       
Total
  $ (13 )   $     $ (17 )   $  
 
                       
An analysis of these net derivative assets and liabilities is:
                 
    Six Months Ended June 30,  
    2008     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
Fair value of contracts outstanding, beginning of period
  $ 19     $ 9  
Contracts realized or settled
    (15 )(1)     (5 )(2)
Changes in fair values attributable to market price and other market changes
    (6 )     3  
 
           
Fair value of contracts outstanding, end of period
  $ (2 )   $ 7  
 
           
 
     
(1)   Amount includes realized gain of $(10) million and deferred settlements of $(5) million.
 
(2)   Amount includes realized gain of $(3) million and deferred settlements of $(2) million.
The daily value-at-risk for our legacy trading positions is:
                 
    2008(1)     2007  
    (in millions)  
 
As of June 30
  $ 11     $ 5  
Three months ended June 30:
               
Average
    5       3  
High
    13       5  
Low
    1       2  
Six months ended June 30:
               
Average
    3       3  
High
    13       5  
Low
          2  
 
     
(1)   The major parameters for calculating daily value-at-risk remain the same during 2008 as disclosed in “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in Item 7A of our Form 10-K.

 

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (1934 Act)) as of June 30, 2008, the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of June 30, 2008, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the 1934 Act) during the period ended June 30, 2008, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See note 11 to our interim financial statements in this Form 10-Q.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
In the second quarter of 2008, we issued 1,847,119 shares of unregistered common stock pursuant to cashless warrant exercises and 31,933 shares of unregistered common stock for $162,539 in cash pursuant to warrant exercises, in each case under an exemption pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
We held our annual meeting of our stockholders on May 20, 2008. Our stockholders voted on the following proposals:
  1.   To elect nine directors to our Board to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders; and
 
  2.   To ratify the Audit Committee’s selection of KPMG LLP as our independent auditors for fiscal year 2008.
The voting results were:
E. William Barnett was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,294,056
  19,489,043   359,029
Donald J. Breeding was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,147,408   19,601,198   393,522
Kirbyjon H. Caldwell was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
265,251,227   21,497,541   393,361

 

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Mark M. Jacobs was elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,516,897   19,286,292   338,939
Steven L. Miller was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,336,168   19,381,978   423,983
Laree E. Perez was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,368,986   19,386,763   386,380
Evan J. Silverstein was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
267,369,719   19,359,716   412,693
Joel V. Staff was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
265,317,238   21,457,421   367,469
William L. Transier was re-elected to serve as a director:
         
For   Against   Abstain
260,109,186   26,159,926   873,016
The Audit Committee’s selection of KPMG LLP as our independent auditors for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008 was ratified:
         
For   Against   Abstain
284,489,337   2,311,230   341,562
We did not receive any broker non-votes on the proposals.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits.
See Index of Exhibits.

 

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
         
  RELIANT ENERGY, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
August 5, 2008  By:   /s/ Thomas C. Livengood    
    Thomas C. Livengood   
    Senior Vice President and Controller (Duly Authorized Officer and
Chief Accounting Officer)
 
 

 

 


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INDEX OF EXHIBITS
Exhibits not incorporated by reference to a prior filing are designated by a cross (+); all exhibits not so designated are incorporated herein by reference to a prior filing as indicated. The exhibits with the asterisk symbol (*) are compensatory arrangements filed pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iii) of Regulation S-K.
                         
                SEC File or    
Exhibit       Report or Registration   Registration   Exhibit
Number   Document Description   Statement   Number   Reference
 
  +2.1    
Asset Purchase Agreement by and among Reliant Energy Channelview LP, Reliant Energy Services Channelview LLC and GIM Channelview Cogeneration, LLC entered into June 9, 2008 and dated as of April 3, 2008
               
       
 
               
  +2.2    
Amendment No. 1 to Asset Purchase Agreement for Bighorn power plant by and among Reliant Energy Wholesale Generation, LLC, Reliant Energy Asset Management, LLC and Nevada Power Company, dated as of May 12, 2008
               
       
 
               
  3.1    
Third Restated Certificate of Incorporation
  Reliant Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2007   1-16455     3.1  
       
 
               
  3.2    
Third Amended and Restated Bylaws
  Reliant Energy, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007   1-16455     3.3  
       
 
               
  4.1    
Registrant has omitted instruments with respect to long-term debt in an amount that does not exceed 10% of the registrant’s total assets and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and hereby undertakes to furnish a copy of any such agreement to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request
               
       
 
               
  +10.1    
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Credit Sleeve and Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of September 18, 2007 (Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment)
               
       
 
               
  +10.2    
Amendment No. 2 to Amended and Restated Credit Sleeve and Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2008
               
       
 
               
  +10.3    
Amendment No. 3 to Amended and Restated Credit Sleeve and Reimbursement Agreement, dated as of May 8, 2008 (Portions of this Exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment)
               
       
 
               
  +31.1    
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
               
       
 
               
  +31.2    
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
               
       
 
               
  +32.1    
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002