UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

OR

Commission File Number 1-36389

 

GRUBHUB INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(877) 585-7878

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes   ☒      No    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).     Yes   ☒      No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company      ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.     ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of August 3, 2018, 90,461,908 shares of common stock were outstanding.

 

 

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

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Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

GRUBHUB INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share data)

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited))

 

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except per share data)

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GRUBHUB INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited))

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(UNAUDITED)

 

(See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited))

 

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

 

1. Organization

Grubhub Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) provide an online and mobile platform for restaurant pick-up and delivery orders. Diners enter their delivery address or use geo-location within the mobile applications and the Company displays the menus and other relevant information for restaurants in its network. Orders may be placed directly online, via mobile applications or over the phone at no cost to the diner. The Company charges the restaurant a per order commission that is largely fee based. In certain markets, the Company also provides delivery services to restaurants on its platform that do not have their own delivery operations.

 

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include the accounts of Grubhub Inc. and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements include all wholly-owned subsidiaries and reflect all normal and recurring adjustments, as well as any other than normal adjustments, that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018 (the “2017 Form 10-K”). All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2018.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with historic accounting guidance under ASC Topic 605. See Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Note 3, Revenue, below for additional details.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the related disclosures at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods presented. Estimates include revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, website and internal-use software development costs, goodwill, depreciable lives of property and equipment, recoverability of intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation and income taxes. Actual results could differ from these estimates.  

Changes in Accounting Principle

See “Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements” below for a description of accounting principle changes adopted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 related to revenue and the statement of cash flows. There have been no other material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in the 2017 Form 10-K.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-09, “Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting” (“ASU 2017-09”). ASU 2017-09 provides clarification on when modification accounting should be used for changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. This ASU does not change the accounting for modifications but clarifies that modification accounting guidance should only be applied if there is a change to the value, vesting conditions, or award classification and would not be required if the changes are considered non-substantive. ASU 2017-09 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2018 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 has not had and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” (“ASU 2016-15”). ASU 2016-15 adds or clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows with the intent of reducing diversity in practice related to eight types of cash flows including, among others, debt prepayment or debt extinguishment costs, contingent consideration payments made after a business combination, and separately identifiable cash flows and application of the predominance principle. In

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

addition, in November 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash” (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 requires companies to include amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flow. ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 were effective for and adopted by the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2018. The amendments were applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented and impacted the Company’s presentation of the consolidated statements of cash flows. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 and ASU 2016-18 had no material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows as the Company’s restricted cash balances are immaterial.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 introduces a new forward-looking approach, based on expected losses, to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments, including trade receivables and held-to-maturity debt securities, which will require entities to incorporate considerations of historical information, current information and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This ASU also expands disclosure requirements. ASU 2016-13 is effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of 2020 and early adoption is permitted. The guidance will be applied using the modified-retrospective approach. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). Under ASU 2016-02, a lessee will recognize in the statement of financial position a liability to make lease payments and a right-of-use asset for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date. The recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease under ASU 2016-02 will not significantly change from current GAAP. ASU 2016-02 is effective beginning in the first quarter of 2019 with early adoption permitted. In July 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2018-11 “Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements” (“ASU 2018-11”), which provides for the election of transition methods between the modified retrospective method and the optional transition relief method. The modified retrospective method is applied to all prior reporting periods presented with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in the earliest comparative period while the optional transition relief method is applied beginning in the period of adoption with a cumulative-effect adjustment recorded in the first quarter of 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adoption of ASU 2016-02 on its consolidated financial statements and the method of adoption under ASU 2018-11. Management anticipates that it will result in a significant increase in the Company’s long-term assets and liabilities but will have no material impact to its results of operations and cash flows.     

In May 2014, and in subsequent updates, the FASB issued ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition, including most industry-specific requirements. ASC Topic 606 establishes a five-step revenue recognition process in which an entity will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASC Topic 606 also requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows from contracts with customers. ASC Topic 606 was effective for and adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 2018. The Company applied the modified retrospective approach to contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of these ASUs did not have and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows or its business processes, systems and controls.

The adoption of ASC Topic 606 resulted in an increase in revenues of $0.2 million and $0.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, respectively, and primarily had the following impact on the Company’s financial statements:

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

See Note 3, Revenue, for additional details.

 

3. Revenue

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services is transferred to the customer, in the amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those good or services.

The Company generates revenues primarily when diners place an order on the platform through its mobile applications, its websites, or through third-party websites that incorporate the Company’s API or one of the Company’s listed phone numbers. Restaurants pay a commission, typically a percentage of the transaction, on orders that are processed through the platform. Most of the restaurants on the Company’s platform can choose their level of commission rate, at or above a base rate. A restaurant can choose to pay a higher rate that affects its prominence and exposure to diners on the platform. Additionally, restaurants that use the Company’s delivery services pay an additional commission for the use of those services. The Company may also charge a delivery fee directly to the diner.

Revenues from online and phone pick-up and delivery orders are recognized when the orders are transmitted to the restaurants, including revenues for managed delivery services due to the simultaneous nature of the Company’s delivery operations. The amount of revenue recognized by the Company is based on the arrangement with the related restaurant and is adjusted for any expected refunds or adjustments based on historical experience and any cash credits related to the transaction, including incentive offers provided to restaurants and diners. The Company also recognizes as revenue any fees charged to the diner for delivery services provided by the Company. Although the Company processes and collects the entire amount of the transaction with the diner, it records revenue for transmitting orders to restaurants on a net basis because the Company is acting as an agent for takeout orders, which are prepared by the restaurants. The Company is the principal in the transaction with respect to credit card processing and managed delivery services because it controls the respective services. As a result, costs incurred for processing the credit card transactions and providing delivery services are included in operations and support expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company periodically provides incentive offers to restaurants and diners to use our platform. These promotions are generally cash credits to be applied against purchases. These incentive offers are recorded as a reduction in revenues, generally on the date the corresponding order revenue is recognized. For those incentives related to current orders that create an obligation to discount future orders, the Company allocates the incentives that are expected to be redeemed proportionally to current and future orders based on their relative expected transaction prices.  

For most orders, diners use a credit card to pay for their meal when the order is placed. For these transactions, the Company collects the total amount of the diner’s order net of payment processing fees from the payment processor and remits the net proceeds to the restaurant less commission. The Company generally accumulates funds and remits the net proceeds to the restaurants on at least a monthly basis, depending on the payment terms with the restaurant. The Company also accepts payment for orders via gift cards offered on its platform. For gift cards that are not subject to unclaimed property laws, the Company recognizes revenue from estimated unredeemed gift cards, based on its historical breakage experience, over the expected customer redemption period.

Certain governmental taxes are imposed on the products and services provided through the Company’s platform and are included in the order fees charged to the diner and collected by the Company. Sales taxes are either remitted to the restaurant for payment or are paid directly to certain states. These fees are recorded on a net basis, and, as a result, are excluded from revenues.

The Company also generates a small amount of revenues directly from companies that participate in our corporate ordering program and by selling advertising to third parties on our allmenus.com and MenuPages.com websites. The Company does not anticipate that the foregoing will generate a material portion of our revenues in the foreseeable future.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily represent the net cash due from the Company’s payment processor for cleared transactions and amounts owed from corporate customers, which are generally invoiced on a monthly basis. The carrying amount of the Company’s receivables is reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts that reflects management’s best estimate of amounts that will not be collected based on historical loss experience and any current or forecasted specific risks.

Deferred Revenues

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

The Company’s deferred revenues consist primarily of gift card liabilities and certain incentive liabilities. These amounts are included within other accruals on the consolidated balance sheets and are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial position. The majority of gift cards and incentives issued by the Company are redeemed within a year.

Contract Acquisition Costs

The Company defers the incremental costs of obtaining contracts including certain commissions and bonuses and related payroll taxes as contract acquisition assets within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Contract acquisition assets are amortized using the straight-line method to sales and marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the useful life of the contract, which is estimated to be approximately 4 years. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company deferred $2.8 million and $4.9 million, respectively, of contract acquisitions costs. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company amortized $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of related expense.

 

4. Acquisitions

There were no acquisitions during the six months ended June 30, 2018.  

2017 Acquisitions

On October 10, 2017, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Eat24, LLC (“Eat24”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Yelp Inc., for approximately $281.8 million, including $281.4 million in net cash paid and $0.3 million of other non-cash consideration. Of such amount, $28.8 million will be held in escrow for an 18-month period after closing to secure the Company’s indemnification rights under the purchase agreement. Eat24 provides online and mobile food ordering for restaurants and diners across the United States. The acquisition expanded the breadth and depth of the Company’s national network of restaurant partners and active diners.

The Company granted RSU awards to acquired Eat24 employees in replacement of their unvested equity awards as of the closing date. Approximately $0.3 million of the fair value of the replacement RSU awards granted to acquired Eat24 employees was attributable to the pre-combination services of the Eat24 awardees and was included in the $281.8 million purchase price. This amount is reflected within goodwill in the purchase price allocation. As of the acquisition date, post-combination expense of approximately $4.1 million is expected to be recognized related to the replacement awards over the remaining post-combination service period.

On August 23, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and certain expressly specified liabilities of A&D Network Solutions, Inc. and Dashed, Inc. (collectively, “Foodler”). The purchase price for Foodler was $51.2 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $0.1 million. Foodler is an independent online food-ordering company with an established diner base in the Northeast United States. The acquisition expanded the breadth and depth of the Company’s restaurant network, active diners and delivery network.

The results of operations of Eat24 and Foodler have been included in the Company’s financial statements since October 10, 2017 and August 23, 2017, respectively.

The excess of the consideration transferred in the acquisitions over the net amounts assigned to the fair value of the assets were recorded as goodwill, which represents the value of increasing the breadth and depth of the Company’s network of restaurants and diners. The total goodwill related to the acquisitions of Eat24 and Foodler of $153.4 million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

The assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Eat24 and Foodler were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the respective closing dates of October 10, 2017 and August 23, 2017. The following table summarizes the final purchase price allocation acquisition-date fair values of the assets and liabilities acquired in connection with the Eat24 and Foodler acquisitions:

 

Additional Information

The estimated fair values of the intangible assets acquired were determined based on a combination of the income, cost, and market approaches to measure the fair value of the restaurant relationships, diner acquisition, developed technology and trademarks. The fair value of the trademarks was measured based on the relief from royalty method. The cost approach, specifically the cost to recreate method, was used to value the developed technology and diner acquisition. The income approach, specifically the multi-period excess earnings method, was used to value the restaurant relationships. These fair value measurements were based on significant inputs not observable in the market and thus represent Level 3 measurements within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company incurred certain expenses directly and indirectly related to acquisitions which were recognized in general and administrative expenses within the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 of $1.2 million and $1.5 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 of $2.5 million and $1.9 million, respectively.

Pro Forma

The following unaudited pro forma information presents a summary of the operating results of the Company for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 as if the acquisitions of Eat24 and Foodler had occurred as of January 1 of the year prior to acquisition:

 

 

The pro forma adjustments that reflect the amortization that would have been recognized for intangible assets, elimination of transaction costs incurred, stock-based compensation expense for replacement awards, interest expense for transaction financings and other adjustments, as well as the pro forma tax impact of such adjustments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

 

The unaudited pro forma revenues and net income are not intended to represent or be indicative of the Company’s condensed consolidated results of operations or financial condition that would have been reported had the acquisitions been completed as of the beginning of the periods presented and should not be taken as indicative of the Company’s future consolidated results of operations or financial condition.

 

 

5. Marketable Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s held-to-maturity marketable securities as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

 

 

 

All of the Company’s marketable securities were classified as held-to-maturity investments and have maturities within one year of June 30, 2018.  

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

The gross unrealized losses, estimated fair value and length of time the individual marketable securities were in a continuous loss position for those marketable securities in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

 

 

 

The Company recognized interest income during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 of $1.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, and for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 of $1.9 million and $1.0 million, respectively, within net interest (income) expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment losses related to its marketable securities.

The Company’s marketable securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy (see Note 14, Fair Value Measurement, for further details).

 

 

6. Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets

The components of acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

 

Amortization expense for acquired intangible assets was $9.6 million and $5.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $21.1 million and $10.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

There were no changes during the six months ended June 30, 2018 in the carrying amount of goodwill of $589.9 million.

 

Estimated future amortization expense of acquired intangible assets as of June 30, 2018 was as follows:

 

 

 

7. Property and Equipment

The components of the Company’s property and equipment as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows:

 

The Company recorded depreciation and amortization expense for property and equipment other than developed software of $5.4 million and $2.8 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $10.5 million and $5.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of the Company’s leasehold improvements, developed software and furniture and fixtures as of June 30, 2018 were adjusted in aggregate by $7.7 million for certain fully amortized assets that were no longer in use. The Company capitalized developed software costs of $9.1 million and $6.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $17.3 million and $12.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Amortization expense for developed software costs, recognized in depreciation and amortization in the condensed consolidated statements of operations, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $4.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively, and $9.2 million and $5.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

 

8. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal

In August 2011, Ameranth, Inc. (“Ameranth”) filed a patent infringement action against a number of defendants, including Grubhub Holdings Inc., in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the “Court”), Case No. 3:11-cv-1810 (“’1810 action”).

In March 2012, Ameranth initiated eight additional actions for infringement of a related patent, U.S. Patent No. 8,146,077 (“’077 patent”), in the same forum, including separate actions against Grubhub Holdings Inc., Case No. 3:12-cv-739 (“’739 action”), and Seamless North America, LLC, Case No. 3:12-cv-737 (“’737 action”). In August 2012, the Court severed the claims against Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC in the ’1810 action and consolidated them with the ’739 action and the ’737 action, respectively. Later, the Court consolidated these separate cases against Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC, along with the approximately 40 other cases Ameranth filed in the same district, with the original ’1810 action. In their

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

answers, Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC denied infringement and interposed various defenses, including non-infringement, invalidity, unenforceability and inequitable conduct.

The consolidated district court case was stayed until January 2017, when Ameranth’s motion to lift the stay and proceed on only the ‘077 patent was granted. The court set a jury trial date of December 3, 2018 for the claims against Grubhub Holdings Inc. and Seamless North America, LLC. The Company believes this case lacks merit and that it has strong defenses to all of the infringement claims. The Company intends to defend the suit vigorously. However, the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of Ameranth’s infringement claims and is unable to predict the likelihood of success of its counterclaims. The Company has not recorded an accrual related to this lawsuit as of June 30, 2018, as it does not believe a material loss is probable. It is a reasonable possibility that a loss may be incurred; however, the possible range of loss is not estimable given the status of the case and the uncertainty as to whether the claims at issue are with or without merit, will be settled out of court, or will be determined in the Company’s favor, whether the Company may be required to expend significant management time and financial resources on the defense of such claims, and whether the Company will be able to recover any losses under its insurance policies.

In addition to the matter described above, from time to time, the Company is involved in various other legal proceedings arising from the normal course of business activities, including labor and employment claims, some of which relate to the alleged misclassification of independent contractors. In September 2015, a claim was brought in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California under the Private Attorneys General Act by an individual plaintiff on behalf of himself and seeking to represent other drivers and the State of California. The claim sought monetary penalties and injunctive relief for alleged violations of the California Labor Code based on the alleged misclassification of drivers as independent contractors. A decision was issued on February 8, 2018, and the court ruled in favor of the Company, finding that plaintiff was properly classified as an independent contractor. In March 2018, the plaintiff appealed this decision to the Ninth Circuit. The Company does not believe any of the foregoing claims will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. However, there is no assurance that any claim will not be combined into a collective or class action.

Indemnification

In connection with the merger of Seamless North America, LLC, Seamless Holdings Corporation and Grubhub Holdings Inc. in August 2013, the Company agreed to indemnify Aramark Holdings Corporation for negative income tax consequences associated with the October 2012 spin-off of Seamless Holdings Corporation that were the result of certain actions taken by the Company through October 29, 2014, in certain instances subject to a $15.0 million limitation. Management is not aware of any actions that would impact the indemnification obligation.

 

9. Debt

The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company’s debt as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

On October 10, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement which provides, among other things, for aggregate revolving loans up to $225 million and term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $125 million (the “Credit Agreement”). In addition, the Company may incur up to $150 million of incremental revolving loans or incremental revolving term loans pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement. The credit facility will be available to the Company until October 9, 2022. There have been no changes in the terms of the Credit Agreement during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company made principal payments of $51.6 million from cash on hand. As of June 30, 2018, outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement were $122.7 million.  The fair value of the Company’s outstanding debt approximates its carrying value as of June 30, 2018 (see Note 14, Fair Value Measurement, for additional details). The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2018. Additional capacity under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including funding working capital and future acquisitions.

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GRUBHUB INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

  As of June 30, 2018, total unamortized debt issuance costs of $2.1 million were recorded as other assets and as a reduction of long-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets in proportion to the borrowing capacities of the revolving and term loans.

Interest expense includes interest on outstanding borrowings, amortization of debt issuance costs and commitment fees on the undrawn portion available under the credit facility. The Company recognized interest expense of $1.3 million and $0.2 million, during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $2.9 million and $0.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

 

10. Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has granted stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards under its incentive plans. The Company recognizes compensation expense based on estimated grant date fair values for all stock-based awards issued to employees and directors, including stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock units.

Stock-based Compensation Expense

The total stock-based compensation expense related to all stock-based awards was $12.0 million and $8.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $22.2 million and $15.4 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, $152.5 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.

Excess tax benefits reflect the total realized value of the Company’s tax deductions from individual stock option exercise transactions and the vesting of restricted stock units in excess of the deferred tax assets that were previously recorded. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation of $5.7 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and $13.9 million and $3.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, within income tax expense on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and within cash flows from operating activities on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

The Company capitalized stock-based compensation expense as website and software development costs of $2.0 million and $1.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $3.7 million and $2.1 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Stock Options

The Company granted 347,891 and 618,899 stock options during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of each stock option award was estimated based on the assumptions below as of the grant date using the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model. Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, expected volatility is based on the historical and implied volatilities of the Company’s own common stock. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises and employee terminations within the valuation model. Separate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected term calculation for option awards considers a combination of the Company’s historical and estimated future exercise behavior. The risk-free rate for the period within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The assumptions used to determine the fair value of the stock options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows: 

 

 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

Stock option awards as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2018, were as follows: 

 

The aggregate intrinsic value in the table above represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the difference between the fair value of the common stock and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money options) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their in-the-money options on each date. This amount will change in future periods based on the fair value of the Company’s stock and the number of options outstanding. The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $7.9 million and $5.9 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of awards exercised during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $22.5 million and $8.1 million, respectively.

The Company recorded compensation expense for stock options of $2.5 million and $3.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $4.9 million and $5.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options was $21.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.6 years.

Restricted Stock Units

Non-vested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were as follows:

 

 

Compensation expense related to restricted stock units was $9.5 million and $5.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $17.3 million and $9.5 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The aggregate fair value as of the vest date of restricted stock units that vested during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $19.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively, and $50.0 million and $14.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, $131.1 million of total unrecognized compensation cost, adjusted for estimated forfeitures, related to 2,584,620 non-vested restricted stock units expected to vest with weighted-average grant date fair values of $55.45 is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years. The fair value of these awards was determined based on the Company’s stock price at the grant date and assumes no expected dividend payments through the vesting period.

 

 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

11. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate was 12.2% and 33.2% during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and 6.1% and 31.0% during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The income tax expense included the net impact of excess tax benefits for stock-based compensation of $5.7 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $13.9 million and $3.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively (see Note 10, Stock-based Compensation, for additional details). Additionally, the federal corporate income tax rate decreased from 35% to 21% during the same periods as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

The Company is currently under examination in New York for corporate income tax returns for the tax years ended December 31, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The Company does not believe, but cannot predict with certainty, that there will not be any additional tax liabilities, penalties and/or interest as a result of the audit.

 

 

12. Stockholders’ Equity

As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company was authorized to issue two classes of stock: common stock and preferred stock.

Common Stock

Each holder of common stock has one vote per share of common stock held on all matters that are submitted for stockholder vote. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 500,000,000 shares of common stock authorized. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were 90,337,427 and 86,790,624 shares issued and outstanding, respectively. The Company did not hold any shares as treasury shares as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

On April 25, 2018, the Company issued and sold 2,820,464 shares of the Company’s common stock to Yum Restaurant Services Group, LLC (the “Investor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million pursuant to an investment agreement dated February 7, 2018, by and between the Company and the Investor. The Company has used and expects to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes.

 

On January 22, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $100 million of the Company’s common stock exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses relating to such repurchases through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. The repurchase program was announced on January 25, 2016. The repurchased stock may be retired or held as authorized but unissued treasury shares. The repurchase authorizations do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock or adopt any particular method of repurchase and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at management’s discretion. Repurchased and retired shares will result in an immediate reduction of the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for basic and diluted net income per share at the time of the transaction. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.

Preferred Stock

The Company was authorized to issue 25,000,000 shares of preferred stock. There were no issued or outstanding shares of preferred stock as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

The Company’s equity as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2018, were as follows:

 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

 

 

13. Earnings Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period and potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including stock options and restricted stock units, except in cases where the effect of the common stock equivalent would be antidilutive. Potential common stock equivalents consist of common stock issuable upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units using the treasury stock method.

The sale of 2,820,464 shares of the Company’s common stock to the Investor on April 25, 2018 resulted in an immediate increase in the outstanding shares used to calculate the weighted-average common shares outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 (see Note 12, Stockholders’ Equity).

The following tables present the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

The number of shares of common stock underlying stock-based awards excluded from the calculation of diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been antidilutive for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:  

 

 

 

14. Fair Value Measurement

Certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

market in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The standards also establish a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

The accounting guidance for fair value measurements prioritizes valuation methodologies based on the reliability of the inputs in the following three-tier value hierarchy:

The Company applied the following methods and assumptions in estimating its fair value measurements. The Company’s commercial paper, investments in corporate bonds and certain money market funds are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy because they are valued using inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable directly or indirectly. The Company’s long-term debt is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy because it is valued using an income approach, which utilizes a discounted cash flow technique that considers the credit profile of the Company. Accounts receivable, restaurant food liability and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their generally short-term maturities.

The following table presents the fair value, for disclosure purposes only, and carrying value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are recorded at other than fair value as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 

 

The Company is required to record certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, generally as a result of acquisitions. See Note 4, Acquisitions, for further discussion of the fair value of assets and liabilities associated with acquisitions.

 

15. Subsequent Events

 

On July 24, 2018, the Company entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Grubhub Holdings Inc. (“Grubhub Holdings”), Lobster Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Grubhub Holdings (“Merger Sub”), SCVNGR, Inc., d/b/a LevelUp (“LevelUp”) and Shareholder Representative Services LLC, solely in its capacity as Securityholders’ Representative. LevelUp is a leading provider of mobile diner engagement and payment solutions for national and regional restaurant brands. The acquisition of LevelUp is expected to simplify the Company’s integrations with restaurants’ systems, increase diner engagement and accelerate product development.

 

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, the Company will acquire LevelUp for total consideration of $390 million, subject to customary adjustments. The purchase price is currently expected to be funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from additional borrowings under the Company’s existing Credit Agreement. The transaction is anticipated to close, subject to customary closing conditions, following regulatory approval.

 

 

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

 

 

 

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the audited consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”) filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2018. In addition to historical condensed consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect the Company’s plans, estimates, and beliefs. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to these differences include those discussed below and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those set forth in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below.

Company Overview

Grubhub Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company,” “Grubhub,” “we,” “us,” and “our”) is the leading online and mobile platform for restaurant pick-up and delivery orders, which the Company refers to as takeout. The Company connects more than 85,000 local restaurants with hungry diners in over 1,600 cities across the United States and is focused on transforming the takeout experience. In certain markets, the Company also provides delivery services to restaurants on its platform that do not have their own delivery operations. As of June 30, 2018, the Company was providing delivery services in more than 140 markets across the country. For restaurants, Grubhub generates higher margin takeout orders at full menu prices. The Grubhub platform empowers diners with a “direct line” into the kitchen, avoiding the inefficiencies, inaccuracies and frustrations associated with paper menus and phone orders. The Company has a powerful takeout marketplace that creates additional value for both restaurants and diners as it grows. The Company charges restaurants a per-order commission that is primarily percentage-based. Most of the restaurants on the Company’s platform can choose their level of commission rate, at or above the base rate. A restaurant can choose to pay a higher rate, which affects its prominence and exposure to diners on the platform. Additionally, restaurants that use the Company’s delivery services pay an additional commission on the transaction for the use of those services.

Acquisitions of Business and Other Intangible Assets

The Company has entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger in which SCVNGR, Inc., d/b/a LevelUp (“LevelUp”) would become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. For a description of the pending transaction, see Note 15, Subsequent Events. 

On October 10, 2017, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Eat24, LLC (“Eat24”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Yelp Inc. and provider of online and mobile food-ordering services for restaurants across the United States. On August 23, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and certain expressly specified liabilities of A&D Network Solutions, Inc. and Dashed, Inc. (collectively, “Foodler”), a food-ordering company headquartered in Boston. For a description of the Company’s acquisitions, see Note 4, Acquisitions.

On September 14, 2017, the Company acquired certain assets of OrderUp, Inc. (“OrderUp”), an online and mobile food-ordering company and wholly-owned subsidiary of Groupon, Inc.

Key Business Metrics

Within this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations, the Company discusses key business metrics, including Active Diners, Daily Average Grubs and Gross Food Sales. The Company’s key business metrics are defined as follows:

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The Company’s key business metrics were as follows for the periods presented:

 

 

The Company experienced significant growth across all of its key business metrics, Active Diners, Daily Average Grubs and Gross Food Sales, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same periods in the prior year. Growth in all metrics was primarily attributable to increased product and brand awareness by diners largely as a result of marketing efforts and word-of-mouth referrals, better restaurant choices for diners in our markets and technology and product improvements. The increase in our key business metrics, particularly Active Diners, was also impacted by the inclusion of results from recent acquisitions.

Basis of Presentation

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”) using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts which were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Results for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC Topic 606, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with historic accounting guidance under ASC Topic 605. See Note 2, Significant Account Policies, and Note 3, Revenue, for additional details, including a description of the Company’s revenue recognition policies under ASC Topic 606. The adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

Results of Operations

Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth the Company’s results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year presented in dollars and as a percentage of revenues:

 

 

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Revenues

Revenues increased by $80.9 million, or 51%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily related to the significant growth in Active Diners, which increased from 9.2 million to 15.6 million at the end of each period, driving an increase in Daily Average Grubs to 423,200 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 from 313,900 Daily Average Grubs during the same period in 2017. The growth in Active Diners and Daily Average Grubs was due to increased product and brand awareness largely as a result of marketing efforts and word-of-mouth referrals, better restaurant choices for diners in our markets and technology and product improvements to drive more orders, as well as the impact of recent acquisitions. In addition, revenue increased during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to the inclusion of results from the acquisitions (see Note 4, Acquisitions), an increase in the Company’s average commission rates as well as a higher average order size.

Operations and Support

Operations and support expense increased by $39.5 million, or 63%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to expenses to support the 39% growth in Gross Food Sales and the related increase in expenses to support higher order volumes including expenses related to delivering orders, the inclusion of results from recent acquisitions, payment processing costs and customer care and operations personnel costs. Delivery expenses increased disproportionally to revenue growth during the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the prior year due to organic growth of delivery orders and expansion of the delivery network in general.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased by $11.5 million, or 33%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $11.6 million in the Company’s advertising campaigns across various media channels including additional expense incurred for recent acquisitions. The increase was partially offset by the net deferral of $2.7 million of payroll commission and bonus costs during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as a result of adopting ASC Topic 606 (see Note 3, Revenue).

Technology (exclusive of amortization)

Technology expense increased by $4.6 million, or 33%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to the 37% growth in the Company’s technology team, including salaries, stock-based compensation expense, payroll taxes, and benefits to support the growth and development of our platform.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense increased by $3.4 million, or 23%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in stock-based compensation expense and the inclusion of results from recent acquisitions, as well as a number of miscellaneous expenses required to support growth in the business.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $9.4 million, or 91%, for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to higher depreciation and amortization expense related to the amortization of intangible assets acquired in recent acquisitions as well as an increase in capital spending on internally developed software, restaurant facing technology, office equipment and leasehold improvements to support the growth of the business.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $3.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the $4.1 million increase in discrete excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation recognized in income tax expense during the three months ended June 30, 2018 as well as the decrease in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, partially offset by higher income before provision for income taxes due to the factors described above. The Company anticipates the potential for increased periodic volatility in future effective tax rates as a result of discrete excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. The Company calculated the income tax expense for the periods presented based on the expected annual effective tax rate as adjusted to reflect the tax impact of items discrete to the fiscal period.

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Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth the Company’s results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 as compared to the same period in the prior year presented in dollars and as a percentage of revenues:

 

 

Revenues

Revenues increased by $157.4 million, or 50%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily related to growth in Active Diners, which increased from 9.2 million to 15.6 million at the end of each period, driving an increase in Daily Average Grubs to 430,000 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 from 319,200 Daily Average Grubs during the same period in 2017. The growth in Active Diners and Daily Average Grubs was due primarily to increased product and brand awareness largely as a result of marketing efforts and word-of-mouth referrals, better restaurant choices for diners in our markets and technology and product improvements to drive more orders, as well as the impact of recent acquisitions. In addition, revenue increased during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017 due to the inclusion of results from the acquisitions (see Note 4, Acquisitions), an increase in the Company’s average commission rates as well as a higher average order size.

Operations and Support

Operations and support expense increased by $76.3 million, or 62%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. This increase was primarily attributable to expenses to support the 39% growth in Gross Food Sales and the related increase in order volume including expenses related to delivering orders, the inclusion of results from recent acquisitions, payment processing costs and customer care and operations personnel costs. Delivery expenses increased during the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the prior year due to organic growth of the Company’s delivery orders and expansion of the delivery network in general.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expense increased by $24.8 million, or 35%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase of $26.4 million in the Company’s advertising campaigns across various media channels including additional expense incurred for recent acquisitions. The increase was partially offset by the net deferral of $4.6 million of payroll commission and bonus costs as a result of adopting ASC Topic 606 (see Note 3, Revenue) during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

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Technology (exclusive of amortization)

Technology expense increased by $8.8 million, or 32%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to 40% growth in the Company’s technology team, including salaries, stock-based compensation expense, payroll taxes, bonuses and benefits to support the growth and development of our platform, partially offset by an increase in the capitalizable costs of developing software during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense increased by $7.9 million, or 28%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to stock-based and other compensation expense, the inclusion of expenses from recent acquisitions, acquisition and restructuring related expenses as well as increases in a number of miscellaneous expenses required to support growth in the business.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased by $20.3 million, or 99%, for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The increase was primarily attributable to higher depreciation and amortization expense related to the amortization of intangible assets acquired in recent acquisitions as well as an increase in capital spending on internally developed software, restaurant facing technology, leasehold improvements and office equipment to support the growth of the business.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense decreased by $10.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to the same period in 2017. The decrease was primarily due to the $10.4 million increase in discrete excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation recognized in income tax expense during the six months ended June 30, 2018 as well as the decrease in the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, partially offset by the increase in income before provision for income taxes due to the factors described above. The Company anticipates the potential for increased periodic volatility in future effective tax rates as a result of discrete excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation. The Company calculated the income tax expense for the periods presented based on the expected annual effective tax rate as adjusted to reflect the tax impact of items discrete to the fiscal period.

Non-GAAP Financial Measure - Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not calculated in accordance with GAAP. The Company defines Adjusted EBITDA as net income adjusted to exclude acquisition, restructuring and certain legal costs, income taxes, net interest (income) expense, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense. A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, is provided below. Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other organizations because other organizations may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. 

The Company included Adjusted EBITDA in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because it is an important measure upon which management assesses the Company’s operating performance. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA as a key performance measure because management believes it facilitates operating performance comparisons from period to period by excluding potential differences primarily caused by variations in capital structures, tax positions, the impact of acquisitions and restructuring, the impact of depreciation and amortization expense on the Company’s fixed assets and the impact of stock-based compensation expense. Because Adjusted EBITDA facilitates internal comparisons of the Company’s historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, the Company also uses Adjusted EBITDA for business planning purposes and in evaluating business opportunities and determining incentive compensation for certain employees. In addition, management believes Adjusted EBITDA and similar measures are widely used by investors, securities analysts, ratings agencies and other parties in evaluating companies in the industry as a measure of financial performance and debt-service capabilities. 

The Company’s use of Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of the Company’s results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

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In evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, you should be aware that in the future the Company will incur expenses similar to some of the adjustments in this presentation. The presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as indicating that the Company’s future results will be unaffected by these expenses or by any unusual or non-recurring items. When evaluating the Company’s performance, you should consider Adjusted EBITDA alongside other financial performance measures, including net income and other GAAP results.

The following table sets forth Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income for each of the periods presented below:

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $442.7 million consisting of cash, money market funds, commercial paper and U.S. and non-U.S.-issued corporate debt securities with original maturities of three months or less and short-term investments of $39.0 million consisting of commercial paper and other short-term corporate debt securities with original maturities greater than three months, but less than one year. The Company generates a significant amount of cash flows from operations and has additional availability under our revolving credit facility, as necessary. Additionally, the Company received proceeds of $200.0 million from the sale of our common stock on April 25, 2018 as further described below.

Amounts deposited with third-party financial institutions exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection insurance limits, as applicable. These cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments balances could be affected if the underlying financial institutions fail or if there are other adverse conditions in the financial markets. The Company has not experienced any loss or lack of access to its invested cash, cash equivalents or short-term investments; however, such access could be adversely impacted by conditions in the financial markets in the future.

Management believes that the Company’s existing cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and available credit facility will be sufficient to meet its working capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. However, the Company’s liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and the Company could utilize its available financial resources sooner than currently expected. The Company’s future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” below. If the Company is unable to obtain needed additional funds, it will have to reduce operating costs, which could impair the Company’s growth prospects and could otherwise negatively impact its business.

For most orders, diners use a credit card to pay for their meal when the order is placed. For these transactions, the Company collects the total amount of the diner’s order net of payment processing fees from the payment processor and remits the net proceeds to the restaurant less commission. Outstanding credit card receivables are generally settled with the payment processors within two to four business days. The Company generally accumulates funds and remits the net proceeds to the restaurants on at least a monthly basis. Restaurants have different contractual arrangements regarding payment frequency. They may be paid bi-weekly, weekly, monthly or, in some cases, more frequently when requested by the restaurant. The Company generally holds accumulated funds prior to remittance to the restaurants in a non-interest bearing operating bank account that is used to fund daily operations, including the liability to the restaurants.  However, the Company is not restricted from earning investment income on these funds under its restaurant contract terms and has made short-term investments of proceeds in excess of the restaurant liability as described above.

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Seasonal fluctuations in the Company’s business may also affect the timing of cash flows. In metropolitan markets, the Company generally experiences a relative increase in diner activity from September to April and a relative decrease in diner activity from May to August. In addition, the Company benefits from increased order volume in its campus markets when school is in session and experiences a decrease in order volume when school is not in session, during summer breaks and other vacation periods. Diner activity can also be impacted by colder or more inclement weather, which typically increases order volume, and warmer or sunny weather, which typically decreases order volume. These changes in diner activity and order volume have a direct impact on operating cash flows. While management expects this seasonal cash flow pattern to continue, changes in the Company’s business model could affect the timing or seasonal nature of its cash flows.

On April 25, 2018, the Company sold 2,820,464 shares of the Company’s common stock to Yum Restaurant Services Group, LLC (the “Investor”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million pursuant to the investment agreement, dated as of February 7, 2018, by and among the Company and the Investor. The Company has used and expects to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include accelerating the expansion of delivery services, investing in the platform, repayment of borrowings under the Credit Agreement and pursuing growth opportunities including mergers and acquisitions.

On October 10, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement which provides, among other things, for aggregate revolving loans up to $225 million and term loans in an aggregate principal amount of $125 million (the “Credit Agreement”). In addition, the Company may incur up to $150 million of incremental revolving loans or incremental revolving term loans pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement. The credit facility under the Credit Agreement will be available to the Company until October 9, 2022. See Note 9, Debt, for additional details.

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company made principal payments of $51.6 million from cash on hand, including $50.0 million applied to the revolver and $1.6 million of term loan principal payments. As of June 30, 2018, outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement were $122.7 million. The undrawn revolving loan of $225.0 million was available as of June 30, 2018. Additional capacity under the Credit Agreement may be used for general corporate purposes, including funding working capital and future acquisitions.

The Credit Agreement contains customary covenants that, among other things, require the Company to satisfy certain financial covenants and may restrict the Company’s ability to incur additional debt, pay dividends and make distributions, make certain investments and acquisitions, create liens, transfer and sell material assets and merge or consolidate. Non-compliance with one or more of the covenants and restrictions could result in any amounts outstanding under the Credit Agreement becoming immediately due and payable and in the termination of the commitments. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2018. The Company expects to remain in compliance for the foreseeable future.

On January 22, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $100 million of the Company’s common stock exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses relating to such repurchases through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. The repurchase program was announced on January 25, 2016. The repurchased stock may be retired or held as authorized but unissued treasury shares. The repurchase authorizations do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock or adopt any particular method of repurchase and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at management’s discretion. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not repurchase any of its common stock. Since inception of the program, the Company has repurchased and retired 724,473 shares of our common stock at a weighted-average share price of $20.37, or an aggregate of $14.8 million.

The following table sets forth certain cash flow information for the periods presented:

 

 

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Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $116.0 million compared to $67.7 million for the same period in 2017. The increase in cash flows from operations was driven primarily by increases of $33.7 million in non-cash expenses and an increase of $28.4 million of net income, partially offset by changes in operation assets and liabilities. The increase in non-cash expenses primarily related to an increase in depreciation and amortization of $20.3 million, an increase of $6.7 million related to stock-based compensation and an increase in deferred taxes of $3.5 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, significant changes in the Company’s operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of business acquisitions, resulted from the following:

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

The Company’s investing activities during the periods presented consisted primarily of purchases of and proceeds from maturities of short-term investments, the purchase of property and equipment to support the growth of the business, mobile applications, website and internal-use software development and acquisitions of certain assets of businesses. 

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash used in investing activities was $46.8 million compared to $17.2 million for the same period in the prior year. The increase in net cash used in investing activities during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily the result of the $85.2 million decrease in proceeds from maturities of investments and the increase in capital expenditures of $15.5 million, partially offset by the $65.8 million decrease in the purchases of short-term investments and the acquisition of certain assets of businesses of $5.0 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

The Company’s financing activities during the periods presented consisted of proceeds from the issuance of common stock, repayments of borrowings under the Credit Agreement, taxes paid related to net settlement of stock-based compensation awards and proceeds from the exercises of stock options. 

For the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $139.7 million compared to $2.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase in net cash provided by financing activities was primarily related to $200 million in proceeds received from the issuance of our common stock to Yum Restaurant Services Group, LLC (see Note 12, Stockholders’ Equity). This increase was partially offset by the repayment of borrowings under the Credit Agreement of $51.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and an increase of $13.2 million in taxes paid related to net share settlement of stock-based compensation awards compared to the prior year period.

Acquisitions of Businesses and Other Intangible Assets

The Company has entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger in which LevelUp would become a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company for total consideration of $390 million, subject to customary adjustments. The purchase price is expected to be funded through a combination of cash on hand and proceeds from additional borrowings under the Company’s existing Credit Agreement. The transaction is anticipated to close, subject to customary closing conditions, following regulatory approval (see Note 15, Subsequent Events).

On October 10, 2017, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests of Eat24. On August 23, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets and certain expressly specified liabilities of Foodler. The Company paid an aggregate of $332.6 million in cash to acquire Eat24 and Foodler, net of cash acquired of $0.1 million and non-cash consideration of $0.3 million.

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In September of 2017, the Company acquired certain specified assets of OrderUp for $20.1 million. The Company paid an aggregate of $25.1 million related to acquisition of these and certain other intangibles during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The Company is exposed to certain market risks in the ordinary course of business. These risks primarily consist of interest rate fluctuations, inflation rate risk and other market related risks as follows:

Interest Rate Risk

As of June 30, 2018, outstanding borrowings under the Credit Agreement were $122.7 million in term loans. The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on its outstanding borrowings. Under the Credit Agreement, the loans bear interest, at the Company’s option, based on LIBOR or an alternate base rate, plus a margin, which in the case of LIBOR loans is between 1.25% and 2.00% and in the case of alternate base rate loans is between 0.25% and 1.00%, and in each case, is based upon the Company’s consolidated total net leverage ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreement). The Company does not use interest rate derivative instruments to manage exposure to interest rate changes.

The Company invests its excess cash primarily in money market accounts, commercial paper and U.S. and non-U.S.-issued corporate debt securities. The Company intends to hold its investments to maturity. The Company’s current investment strategy seeks first to preserve principal, second to provide liquidity for its operating and capital needs and third to maximize yield without putting principal at risk. The Company does not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.

The Company’s investments are exposed to market risk due to the fluctuation of prevailing interest rates that may reduce the yield on its investments or their fair value. The Company assesses market risk utilizing a sensitivity analysis that measures the potential change in fair values, interest income and cash flows. As the Company’s investment portfolio is short-term in nature, management does not believe an immediate 100 basis point increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair value of the Company’s portfolio, and therefore does not expect the Company’s results of operations or cash flows to be materially affected to any degree by a sudden change in market interest rates. In the unlikely event that the Company would need to sell its investments prior to their maturity, any unrealized gains and losses arising from the difference between the amortized cost and the fair value of the investments at that time would be recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 5, Marketable Securities, to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details.

Inflation Risk

Management does not believe that inflation has had a material effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition.

Risks Related to Market Conditions

The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of September 30, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the Company below its carrying value. Such indicators may include the following, among others: a significant decline in expected future cash flows, a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, unanticipated competition, the testing for recoverability of a significant asset group and slower growth rates. Any adverse change in these factors could have a significant impact on the recoverability of the Company’s goodwill and could have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of an acquired business over the fair value of the net assets acquired. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had $589.9 million in goodwill.

As part of our interim review for indicators of impairment, management analyzed potential changes in value based on operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to expected results. Management also considered how our market capitalization, business growth and other factors used in the September 30, 2017 impairment analysis, could be impacted by changes in market conditions and economic events. For example, the fair market value of our stock as of June 30, 2018 has increased since September 30, 2017. Management considered these trends in performing its assessment of whether an interim impairment review was required. Based on this interim assessment, management concluded that as of June 30, 2018, there were no events or changes in circumstances that indicated it was more likely than not that our fair value was below our carrying value. Nevertheless, significant changes in global economic and market conditions could result in changes to expectations of future financial results and key valuation assumptions. Such changes could result in revisions of management’s estimates of our fair value and could result in a material impairment of goodwill.

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OTHER INFORMATION

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of June 30, 2018.

Contractual Obligations

There were no material changes to the Company’s commitments under contractual obligations as compared to the contractual obligations disclosed in the 2017 Form 10-K.

Contingencies

For a discussion of certain litigation involving the Company, see Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

New Accounting Pronouncements and Pending Accounting Standards

See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for pending standards and their estimated effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accounting standards adopted during the six months ended June 30, 2018.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. These estimates form the basis for judgments management makes about the carrying values of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which are not readily apparent from other sources. The Company bases its estimates and judgments on historical experience and on various other assumptions that management believes are reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Company believes that the assumptions and estimates associated with revenue recognition, website and software development costs, recoverability of intangible assets with definite lives and other long-lived assets, stock-based compensation, goodwill and income taxes have the greatest potential impact on the condensed consolidated financial statements. Therefore, these are considered to be the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates.

Other than the changes disclosed in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in the accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, there have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates described in in the 2017 Form 10-K.

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

In this section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we discuss and analyze the results of operations and financial condition of the Company.  In addition to historical information about the Company, we also make statements relating to the future called “forward-looking statements,” which are provided under the “safe harbor” of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995.  Forward-looking statements involve substantial risks, known or unknown, and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from future results or outcomes expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “contemplates,” “continue,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “should,” “target” or “will” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern the Company’s expectations, strategy, plans or intentions.

We cannot guarantee that any forward-looking statement will be realized. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2017 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A, Risk Factors, in subsequent quarterly reports, that could affect the future results of the Company and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the Company’s forward-looking statements:

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While forward-looking statements are our best prediction at the time they are made, you should not rely on them.  Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this document or the date of any document that may be incorporated by reference into this document.

Consequently, you should consider forward-looking statements only as the Company’s current plans, estimates and beliefs. The Company does not undertake and specifically declines any obligation to publicly update or revise forward-looking statements, including those set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, to reflect any new events, information, events or any change in conditions or circumstances unless required by law.  You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make on related subjects in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and Annual Reports on Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.

 

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

See Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resource – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures.

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) of the Exchange Act, the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures, as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. As of June 30, 2018, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2018 were effective in ensuring information required to be disclosed in the Company’s SEC reports was recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting.

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2018 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

PART II— OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a description of the Company’s material pending legal proceedings, see Note 8, Commitments and Contingencies, to the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors affecting our business, financial condition or future results from those set forth in Part I, Item 1A (Risk Factors) in the 2017 Form 10-K. However, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the 2017 Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which could materially affect our business, financial condition or future results. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

 

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On April 25, 2018, the Company sold 2,820,464 shares of its common stock (the “Acquired Shares”) to the Investor. This issuance and sale is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The Investor represented to the Company that it is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of the Securities Act and that the Acquired Shares are being acquired for investment purposes and not with a view to any distribution thereof, and appropriate legends will be affixed to the Acquired Shares. See Part II, Item 8, Note 12, Stockholders’ Equity, to the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional details.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On January 22, 2016, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a program (the “Repurchase Program”) that authorizes the repurchase of up to $100 million of the Company’s common stock exclusive of any fees, commissions or other expenses relating to such repurchases through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions at the prevailing market price at the time of purchase. The Repurchase Program was announced on January 25, 2016. The repurchased stock may be retired or held as authorized but unissued treasury shares. The repurchase authorizations do not obligate the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock or adopt any particular method of repurchase and may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the Company’s discretion.

During the three months ended June 30, 2018, the Company did not repurchase any of its common stock.

 

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None

 

 

 

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Item 6: Exhibits

 

 

 

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

 

Date: August 6, 2018

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