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 UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2016
Commission file number: 001-36290
 
malibulogoprinta02a01a01.jpg
MALIBU BOATS, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
5075 Kimberly Way
Loudon, Tennessee 37774
 
46-4024640
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
(Address of principal executive offices,
including zip code)
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
(865) 458-5478
 
 
 
 
(Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)
 
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer
 
¨
  
Accelerated filer
 
þ
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
 
¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
  
Smaller reporting company
 
¨
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨ No þ
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of January 31, 2017:
17,831,256

shares
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01, outstanding as of January 31, 2017:
20

shares

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


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Part I - Financial Information


Item 1. Financial Statements

MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share and per share data)

 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net sales
$
67,661

 
$
60,506

 
$
129,682

 
$
117,746

Cost of sales
49,848

 
44,627

 
96,046

 
87,157

Gross profit
17,813

 
15,879

 
33,636

 
30,589

Operating expenses:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Selling and marketing
2,150

 
2,162

 
4,573

 
4,424

General and administrative
3,453

 
4,193

 
9,517

 
8,819

Amortization
549

 
545

 
1,099

 
1,092

Operating income
11,661

 
8,979

 
18,447

 
16,254

Other (expense) income:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other
58

 
17

 
75

 
24

Interest expense
(37
)
 
(362
)
 
(467
)
 
(1,678
)
Other income (expense)
21

 
(345
)
 
(392
)
 
(1,654
)
Income before provision for income taxes
11,682

 
8,634

 
18,055

 
14,600

Provision for income taxes
3,945

 
2,916

 
6,092

 
4,902

Net income
7,737

 
5,718

 
11,963

 
9,698

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
836

 
614

 
1,282

 
1,036

Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
$
6,901

 
$
5,104

 
$
10,681

 
$
8,662

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income:
Net income
$
7,737

 
$
5,718

 
$
11,963

 
$
9,698

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in cumulative translation adjustment
(846
)
 
608

 
(489
)
 
(649
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
(846
)
 
608

 
(489
)
 
(649
)
Comprehensive income, net of tax
6,891

 
6,326

 
11,474

 
9,049

Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest, net of tax
746

 
679

 
1,230

 
968

Comprehensive income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., net of tax
$
6,145

 
$
5,647

 
$
10,244

 
$
8,081

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding used in computing net income per share:
Basic
17,786,122

 
17,986,517

 
17,760,256

 
17,964,300

Diluted
17,842,138

 
18,022,288

 
17,817,842

 
18,018,615

Net income available to Class A Common Stock per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.39

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.48

Diluted
$
0.39

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.48


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share data)

 
December 31, 2016
 
June 30, 2016
 
 
 
 
Assets
 

 
 

Current assets
 

 
 

Cash
$
25,909

 
$
25,921

Trade receivables, net
8,110

 
14,690

Inventories, net
23,412

 
20,431

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
2,227

 
2,707

Income tax receivable
36

 
965

Total current assets
59,694

 
64,714

Property and equipment, net
21,665

 
17,813

Goodwill
12,253

 
12,470

Other intangible assets, net
10,516

 
11,703

Deferred tax assets
111,622

 
113,798

Other assets
30

 
32

Total assets
$
215,780

 
$
220,530

Liabilities
 

 
 

Current liabilities
 

 
 

Current maturities of long-term debt
$

 
$
8,000

Accounts payable
14,242

 
16,158

Accrued expenses
19,972

 
19,055

Income taxes and tax distribution payable
1,254

 
427

Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, current portion
4,189

 
4,189

Total current liabilities
39,657

 
47,829

Deferred tax liabilities
621

 
685

Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion
89,896

 
89,561

Long-term debt, less current maturities
55,092

 
63,086

Other long-term liabilities
302

 
1,136

Total liabilities
185,568

 
202,297

Commitments and contingencies (See Note 13)


 


Stockholders' Equity
 

 
 

Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 17,831,256 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016; 17,690,874 issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016
178

 
176

Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 20 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016; 23 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2016

 

Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016

 

Additional paid in capital
46,168

 
44,151

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(2,960
)
 
(2,471
)
Accumulated deficit
(17,659
)
 
(28,302
)
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
25,727

 
13,554

Non-controlling interest
4,485

 
4,679

Total stockholders’ equity
30,212

 
18,233

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
$
215,780

 
$
220,530

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)
(In thousands, except number of Class B shares)
 
 
 
Class A Common Stock
 
Class B Common Stock
 
Additional Paid In Capital
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Non-controlling Interest in LLC
 
Total Stockholders' Equity
 
 
Shares
Amount
 
Shares
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
17,690

$
176

 
23

$

 
$
44,151

 
$
(2,471
)
 
$
(28,302
)
 
$
4,679

 
$
18,233

Net income
 


 


 

 

 
10,681

 
1,282

 
11,963

Stock based compensation, net of withholding taxes on vested equity awards
 
89

1

 


 
578

 

 

 

 
579

Issuances of equity for services
 
6


 


 
626

 

 

 

 
626

Increase in payable pursuant to the tax receivable agreement
 


 


 
(335
)
 

 

 

 
(335
)
Increase in deferred tax asset from step-up in tax basis
 


 


 
383

 

 

 

 
383

Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock
 
46

1

 


 
765

 

 

 
(765
)
 
1

Cancellation of Class B Common Stock
 


 
(3
)

 

 

 

 

 

Distributions to LLC Unit holders
 


 


 

 

 
(38
)
 
(711
)
 
(749
)
Foreign currency translation adjustment
 


 


 

 
(489
)
 

 

 
(489
)
Balance at December 31, 2016
 
17,831

$
178

 
20

$

 
$
46,168

 
$
(2,960
)
 
$
(17,659
)
 
$
4,485

 
$
30,212


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).


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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(In thousands)
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
Operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
11,963

 
$
9,698

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Non-cash compensation expense
745

 
1,005

Depreciation
1,994

 
1,616

Amortization of intangible assets
1,099

 
1,092

Gain on sale-leaseback transaction
(6
)
 
(5
)
Amortization of deferred financing costs
123

 
124

Change in fair value of interest rate swap
(825
)
 
175

Deferred income taxes
2,474

 
1,601

Non-cash litigation payable
(1,330
)
 

Gain on sale of equipment
(16
)
 

Change in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Trade receivables
6,570

 
320

Inventories
(3,140
)
 
(4,090
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
977

 
(1,081
)
Accounts payable
(2,364
)
 
3,484

Income taxes receivable and payable
1,630

 
(558
)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities
2,353

 
190

Net cash provided by operating activities
22,247

 
13,571

Investing activities:
 
 
 
Purchases of property and equipment
(5,443
)
 
(3,531
)
Proceeds from sale or disposal of property, plant and equipment
16

 

Net cash used in investing activities
(5,427
)
 
(3,531
)
Financing activities:
 
 
 
Principal payments on long-term borrowings
(16,117
)
 
(3,000
)
Cash paid for withholding taxes on vested restricted stock
(167
)
 

Distributions to LLC Unit holders
(621
)
 
(489
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(16,905
)
 
(3,489
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
73

 
(21
)
Changes in cash
(12
)
 
6,530

Cash—Beginning of period
25,921

 
8,387

Cash—End of period
$
25,909

 
$
14,917

 
 
 
 
Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
1,162

 
$
1,400

Cash paid for income taxes
1,650

 
4,396

Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 
 
Establishment of deferred tax assets from step-up in tax basis
383

 
142

Establishment of amounts payable under tax receivable agreements
335

 
118

Exchange of LLC Units by LLC Unit holders for Class A common stock
765

 
39

Tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders
469

 
389

Equity issued to directors for services
626

 
626

Capital expenditures in accounts payable
415

 
338


The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

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MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Dollars in thousands, except per unit and per share data)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Malibu Boats, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Malibu”), a Delaware corporation formed on November 1, 2013, is the sole managing member of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC (the “LLC”). The Company operates and controls all of the LLC's business and affairs and, therefore, pursuant to Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810, Consolidation, consolidates the financial results of the LLC and its subsidiaries, and records a non-controlling interest for the economic interest in the Company held by the non-controlling holders of units in the LLC (“LLC Units”). See Note 2. Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC was formed in 2006 with the acquisition by an investor group, including affiliates of Black Canyon Capital LLC, Horizon Holdings, LLC and then-current management. The LLC is engaged in the design, engineering, manufacturing and marketing of innovative, high-quality, performance sports boats that are sold through a world-wide network of independent dealers. On October 23, 2014, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of Malibu Boats Pty. Ltd. (the “Licensee”), Malibu's Australian licensee manufacturer with exclusive distributions rights in Australia and New Zealand markets. As a result of the acquisition, the Company also consolidates the financial results of the Licensee. The Company reports its results of operations under two reportable segments called U.S. and Australia based on their respective manufacturing footprints. Each segment participates in the manufacturing, distribution, marketing and sale of performance sport boats. The U.S. operating segment primarily serves markets in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia while the Australia operating segment principally serves the Australian and New Zealand markets.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim condensed financial statements and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and disclosures of results of operations, financial position and changes in cash flow in conformity with GAAP for complete financial statements. Such statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Malibu Boats, Inc. and subsidiaries for the year ended June 30, 2016 included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments considered necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at December 31, 2016 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the six month periods ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. Operating results for the six months ended December 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year ending June 30, 2017. Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period presentation to conform to the current period presentation. Units and shares are presented as whole numbers while all dollar amounts are presented in thousands, unless otherwise noted.
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the operations and accounts of the Company and all subsidiaries thereof. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB and International Accounting Standards Board jointly issued a final standard on revenue recognition which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers. This standard will supersede most current revenue recognition guidance. Under the new standard, entities are required to identify the contract with a customer; identify the separate performance obligations in the contract; determine the transaction price; allocate the transaction price to the separate performance obligations in the contract; and recognize the appropriate amount of revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies each performance obligation. Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 will now become effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. In August 2015, FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, to extend the mandatory effective date by one year. Entities have the option of using either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. The Company is currently evaluating the approach it will use to apply the new standard and the impact that the adoption of the new standard will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.


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In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This ASU changes the measurement principle for inventories valued under the FIFO or weighted-average methods from the lower of cost or market to the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value is defined by the FASB as estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This ASU does not change the measurement principles for inventories valued under the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) method. This amendment is effective for fiscal years beginning after December, 15, 2016, including interim periods within those fiscal years and should be applied prospectively with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of an interim or annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU, but does not expect it will have a material impact.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This guidance establishes a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months. Leases will be classified as either finance or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the income statement. The new standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements and footnote disclosures.
In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years with early adoption permitted. This guidance provides specific classification of how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The ASU should be applied using a retrospective transition method. If it is impracticable to apply the amendments retrospectively for some of the cash flow issues, the amendments for those issues should then be applied prospectively at the earliest date practicable. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of this ASU on its presentation of the consolidated statement of cash flows.
There are no other new accounting pronouncements that are expected to have a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. Non-controlling Interest
The non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income represents the portion of earnings or loss attributable to the economic interest in the Company's subsidiary, Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, held by the non-controlling LLC Unit holders. Non-controlling interest on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of net assets of the Company attributable to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders, based on the portion of the LLC Units owned by such Unit holders. The ownership of Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC is summarized as follows:
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
 
Units
 
Ownership %
 
Units
 
Ownership %
Non-controlling LLC Unit holders ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC
1,359,302

 
7.1
%
 
1,404,923

 
7.4
%
Malibu Boats, Inc. ownership in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC
17,831,256

 
92.9
%
 
17,690,874

 
92.6
%
 
19,190,558

 
100.0
%
 
19,095,797

 
100.0
%
The changes in the balance of the Company's non-controlling interest are as follows:
Balance of non-controlling interest as of June 30, 2016
$
4,679

Allocation of income to non-controlling LLC Unit holders for period
1,282

Distributions paid and payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders for period
(711
)
Reallocation of non-controlling ownership interests in exchange for Class A Common Stock
(765
)
Balance of non-controlling interest as of December 31, 2016
$
4,485

Issuance of Additional LLC Units
Under the first amended and restated limited liability agreement of the LLC, as amended (the "LLC Agreement"), the Company is required to cause the LLC to issue additional LLC Units to the Company when the Company issues additional shares of Class A Common Stock. Other than in connection with the issuance of Class A Common Stock in connection with an

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equity incentive program, the Company must contribute to the LLC net proceeds and property, if any, received by the Company with respect to the issuance of such additional shares of Class A Common Stock. The Company shall cause the LLC to issue a number of LLC Units equal to the number of shares of Class A Common Stock issued such that, at all times, the number of LLC Units held by the Company equals the number of outstanding shares of Class A Common Stock. During the six months ended December 31, 2016, the Company caused the LLC to issue a total of 146,255 LLC Units to the Company in connection with (i) the Company's issuance of Class A Common Stock to a non-employee director for his services, (ii) the issuance of Class A Common Stock for the vesting of awards granted under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan (the "Incentive Plan"), (iii) the issuance of restricted Class A Common Stock granted under the Incentive Plan and (iv) the issuance of Class A Common Stock to various LLC Unit holders for exchanges of their LLC Units. During the six months ended December 31, 20165,873 LLC Units were canceled in connection with the vesting of share-based equity awards to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements and the retirement of 5,873 treasury shares in accordance with the LLC Agreement.
Distributions and Other Payments to Non-controlling Unit Holders
Distributions for Taxes
As a limited liability company (treated as a partnership for income tax purposes), Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC does not incur significant federal, state or local income taxes, as these taxes are primarily the obligations of its members. As authorized by the LLC Agreement, the LLC is required to distribute cash, to the extent that the LLC has cash available, on a pro rata basis, to its members to the extent necessary to cover the members’ tax liabilities, if any, with respect to their share of LLC earnings. The LLC makes such tax distributions to its members based on an estimated tax rate and projections of taxable income. If the actual taxable income of the LLC multiplied by the estimated tax rate exceeds the tax distributions made in a calendar year, the LLC may make true-up distributions to its members, if cash or borrowings is available for such purposes. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, tax distributions payable to non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $469 and $389, respectively. During the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, tax distributions paid to the non-controlling LLC Unit holders were $583 and $268, respectively.
Other Distributions
Pursuant to the LLC Agreement, the Company has the right to determine when distributions will be made to LLC members and the amount of any such distributions. If the Company authorizes a distribution, such distribution will be made to the members of the LLC (including the Company) pro rata in accordance with the percentages of their respective LLC units.
3. Inventories
Inventories, net consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
Raw materials
$
16,499

 
$
14,858

Work in progress
2,329

 
1,250

Finished goods
4,584

 
4,323

Total inventories
$
23,412

 
$
20,431

4. Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:
 
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
Land
 
$
367

 
$
254

Building and leasehold improvements
 
10,150

 
7,168

Machinery and equipment
 
21,339

 
20,035

Furniture and fixtures
 
2,833

 
2,765

Construction in process
 
1,715

 
356

 
 
36,404

 
30,578

Less: Accumulated depreciation
 
(14,739
)
 
(12,765
)
Property and equipment, net
 
$
21,665

 
$
17,813


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Depreciation expense was $1,026 and $841 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and $1,994 and $1,616 for the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, substantially all of which was recorded in cost of goods sold.
5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the six months ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:
Goodwill as of June 30, 2016
$
12,470

Effect of foreign currency changes on goodwill
(217
)
Goodwill as of December 31, 2016
$
12,253

The components of other intangible assets were as follows:
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
 
Estimated Useful Life (in years)
 
Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in years)
Reacquired franchise rights
$
1,296

 
$
1,339

 
5
 
2.8
Dealer relationships
29,697

 
29,773

 
8-15
 
12.8
Patent
1,386

 
1,386

 
12
 
1.6
Trade name
24,667

 
24,667

 
15
 
4.7
Non-compete agreement
50

 
52

 
10
 
7.8
Backlog
90

 
93

 
0.3
 
0.0
Total
57,186

 
57,310

 
 
 
 
Less: Accumulated amortization
(46,670
)
 
(45,607
)
 
 
 
 
Total other intangible assets, net
$
10,516


$
11,703

 
 
 
 
Amortization expense recognized on all amortizable intangibles was $549 and $545 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively and $1,099 and $1,092 for the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
The estimated future amortization of definite-lived intangible assets is as follows:
Fiscal years ending June 30:
 
 
Remainder of 2017
$
1,089

 
2018
2,178

 
2019
2,072

 
2020
1,884

 
2021
1,803

 
Thereafter
1,490

 
 
$
10,516

6. Product Warranties
Effective for model year 2016, the Company began providing a limited warranty for a period up to five years for both Malibu and Axis brand boats. For model years prior to 2016, the Company provided a limited warranty for a period of up to three years and two years for its Malibu and Axis brands, respectively. The Company’s standard warranties require the Company or its dealers to repair or replace defective products during such warranty period at no cost to the consumer. The Company estimates the costs that may be incurred under its basic limited warranty and records as a liability in the amount of such costs at the time the product revenue is recognized. Factors that affect the Company’s warranty liability include the number of units sold, historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims and cost per claim. The Company assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities by brand on a quarterly basis and adjusts the amounts as necessary. The Company utilizes historical claims trends and analytical tools to assist in determining the appropriate warranty liability.


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Changes in the Company’s product warranty liability, which is included in accrued expenses on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows: 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Beginning balance
 
$
8,733

 
$
7,180

 
$
8,083

 
$
6,610

Add: Warranty expense
 
1,772

 
948

 
3,641

 
2,543

Less: Warranty claims paid
 
(1,301
)
 
(952
)
 
(2,520
)
 
(1,977
)
Ending balance
 
$
9,204

 
$
7,176

 
$
9,204

 
$
7,176

7. Financing
Outstanding debt consisted of the following:
 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
Term loan
$
55,883

 
$
72,000

     Less unamortized debt issuance costs
(791
)
 
(914
)
Total debt
55,092

 
71,086

     Less current maturities

 
(8,000
)
Long term debt less current maturities
$
55,092

 
$
63,086

Long-Term Debt
Amended and Restated Line of Credit and Term Loan. On April 2, 2015, Malibu Boats, LLC (the "Borrower"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the LLC, entered into a credit agreement with a syndicate of banks led by SunTrust Bank that included a revolving credit facility and term loan (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”). The obligations of Malibu Boats LLC under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement are currently guaranteed by its parent, the LLC, and its subsidiaries, Malibu Boats Domestic International Sales Corp. and Malibu Australian Acquisition Corp. Malibu Boats, Inc. is not a party to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The lending arrangements are required to be guaranteed by the LLC and the present and future domestic subsidiaries of Malibu Boats, LLC and are secured by substantially all of the assets of the LLC, Malibu Boats, LLC and Malibu Boats Domestic International Sales Corp., and those of any future domestic subsidiary pursuant to a security agreement. The revolving credit facility and term loan mature on April 2, 2020.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is comprised of a $25,000 revolving commitment, none of which was outstanding as of December 31, 2016, and a $80,000 term loan, which was subject to quarterly installments of $1,500 per quarter until March 31, 2016. The quarterly installments are now $2,000 per quarter until March 31, 2019 and $2,500 per quarter thereafter. Borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to either, at the Borrower's option, (i) the highest of the prime rate, the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.5%, or one-month LIBOR plus 1.00% (the “Base Rate”) or (ii) LIBOR, in each case plus an applicable margin ranging from 1.00% to 1.75% with respect to Base Rate borrowings and 2.00% to 2.75% with respect to LIBOR borrowings. The applicable margin will be based upon the consolidated leverage ratio of the LLC and its subsidiaries calculated on a consolidated basis. The Borrower will also be required to pay a commitment fee for the unused portion of the revolving credit facility, which will range from 0.25% to 0.40% per annum, depending on the LLC’s and its subsidiaries’ consolidated leverage ratio. The weighted average interest rate on the term loan was 3.03% for the six month period ended December 31, 2016.
The Company also has a swingline line of credit from SunTrust Bank in the principal amount of up to $5,000 due on or before April 2, 2020. Any amounts drawn under the swingline line of credit reduce the capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had no outstanding balance under the swingline facility. Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company also has the ability to issue letters of credit up to $5,000. This letter of credit availability may be reduced by borrowings under the revolving line of credit. The Company’s access to these letters of credit expires April 2, 2020 with the expiration of access to the revolving commitment. As of December 31, 2016, the Company had issued letters of credit for $100.
The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits prepayment without any penalties. It also requires prepayments from the net cash proceeds received by the Borrower or any guarantors from certain asset sales and recovery events, subject to certain reinvestment rights, and from excess cash flow, subject to the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Credit

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Agreement. It contains certain customary representations and warranties, and notice requirements for the occurrence of specific events such as the occurrence of any event of default, or pending or threatened litigation. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement requires compliance with certain financial covenants that the Company believes are usual for facilities and transactions of this type, including a minimum ratio of EBITDA to fixed charges and a maximum ratio of total debt to EBITDA. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also contains certain restrictive covenants, which, among other things, place limits on the LLC's activities and those of its subsidiaries, the incurrence of additional indebtedness and additional liens on property and limit the future payment of dividends or distributions. For example, the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement generally prohibits the LLC, Malibu Boats, LLC, and Malibu Domestic International Sales Corp. from paying dividends or making distributions, including to Malibu Boats, Inc. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement permits, however, distributions based on a member’s allocated taxable income, distributions to fund payments that are required under the tax receivable agreement, payments pursuant to stock option and other benefit plans up to $2,000 in any fiscal year, dividends and distributions within the loan parties and dividends payable solely in interests of classes of securities. In addition, the LLC may make dividends and distributions of up to $15,000 in connection with the Company's stock repurchase program and up to $6,000 in any fiscal year for any reason, in each case, subject to compliance with other financial covenants. The credit agreement specifies permitted liens, permitted investments and permitted debt. Affirmative covenants governing the timing of monthly, quarterly and annual financial reporting are also included in the credit agreement.
In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company capitalized $1,224 in deferred financing costs. These costs are being amortized over the term of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement into interest expense using the effective interest method and presented as a direct offset to the total debt outstanding as of December 31, 2016.
On August 4, 2016, in accordance with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, the Company exercised its option to prepay $15,000 of its outstanding term loan and elected to apply this prepayment to principal installments through June 30, 2018. On October 28, 2016, the Company paid $1,117 of long term debt due to the consolidated excess cash flow prepayment requirement under the terms of its Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.
Covenant Compliance
As of December 31, 2016, the Company is in full compliance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, including all related covenants.
Interest Rate Swap
On July 1, 2015, the Company entered into a five year floating to fixed interest rate swap with an effective start date of July 1, 2015. The swap is based on a one-month LIBOR rate versus a 1.52% fixed rate on a notional value of $39,250, which under terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement is equal to 50% of the outstanding balance of the term loan at the time of the swap arrangement. Under ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, all derivative instruments are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value as either short term or long term assets or liabilities based on their anticipated settlement date. Refer to Fair Value Measurements in Note 9. The Company has elected not to designate its interest rate swap as a hedge; therefore, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument are being recognized in earnings in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded a gain of $580 and $382, respectively, and during the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company recorded a gain of $825 and a loss of $175, respectively, for the change in fair value of the interest rate swap, which is included in interest expense in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016 the fair value of the swap liability included in other long-term liabilities on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets was $38 and $863, respectively.
8. Tax Receivable Agreement Liability
The Company has a Tax Receivable Agreement with the pre-IPO owners of the LLC that provides for the payment by the Company to the pre-IPO owners (or their permitted assignees) of 85% of the amount of the benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to the Company entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement, including those attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. These contractual payment obligations are obligations of the Company and not of the LLC. The Company's Tax Receivable Agreement liability was determined on an undiscounted basis in accordance with ASC 450, Contingencies, since the contractual payment obligations were deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable.
For purposes of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the benefit deemed realized by the Company will be computed by comparing the actual income tax liability of the Company (calculated with certain assumptions) to the amount of such taxes that the Company would have been required to pay had there been no increase to the tax basis of the assets of the LLC as a result of the purchases or exchanges, and had the Company not entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement.

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The following table reflects the changes to the Company's Tax Receivable Agreement liability:
 
December 31, 2016
 
June 30, 2016
Beginning balance
$
93,750

 
$
96,470

Additions to tax receivable agreement:
 
 
 
Exchange of LLC Units for Class A Common Stock
335

 
111

Payments under tax receivable agreement

 
(2,831
)
 
94,085

 
93,750

Less current portion under tax receivable agreement
(4,189
)
 
(4,189
)
Ending balance
$
89,896

 
$
89,561

The Tax Receivable Agreement further provides that, upon certain mergers, asset sales or other forms of business combinations or other changes of control, the Company (or its successor) would owe to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC a lump-sum payment equal to the present value of all forecasted future payments that would have otherwise been made under the Tax Receivable Agreement that would be based on certain assumptions, including a deemed exchange of LLC Units and that the Company would have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the deductions arising from the increased tax basis and other tax benefits related to entering into the Tax Receivable Agreement. The Company also is entitled to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement, which, if terminated, would obligate the Company to make early termination payments to the pre-IPO owners of the LLC. In addition, a pre-IPO owner may elect to unilaterally terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement with respect to such pre-IPO owner, which would obligate the Company to pay to such existing owner certain payments for tax benefits received through the taxable year of the election.
As of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, the Company had recorded deferred tax assets of $111,444 and $111,060, respectively, associated with basis differences in assets upon acquiring an interest in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC and pursuant to making an election under Section 754 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the "Internal Revenue Code"), as amended. The aggregate Tax Receivable Agreement liability represents 85% of the tax benefits that the Company expects to receive in connection with the Section 754 election. In accordance with the Tax Receivable Agreement, the next annual payment is anticipated approximately 75 days after filing the federal tax return due on March 15, 2017.
9. Fair Value Measurements
In determining the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, the Company employs a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. As defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., the exit price). Financial assets and financial liabilities recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value are categorized based on the reliability of inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
Level 1—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.
Level 2—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in non-active markets; or valuation models whose inputs are observable, directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3—Financial assets and financial liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement. These inputs reflect the Company’s estimates of the assumptions that market participants would use in valuing the financial assets and financial liabilities.
The hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs and the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls has been determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

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Assets and liabilities that had recurring fair value measurements were as follows:
 
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
 
Total
 
Quoted Prices
in Active
Markets for
Identical Assets
(Level 1)
 
Significant
Other
Observable
Inputs
(Level 2)
 
Significant
Unobservable
Inputs
(Level 3)
As of December 31, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge
$
38

 
$

 
$
38

 
$

Total liabilities at fair value
$
38

 
$

 
$
38

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of June 30, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swap not designated as cash flow hedge
$
863

 
$

 
$
863

 
$

Total liabilities at fair value
$
863

 
$

 
$
863

 
$

Fair value measurements for the Company’s interest rate swap are classified under Level 2 because such measurements are based on significant other observable inputs. There were no transfers of assets or liabilities between Level 1 and Level 2 as of December 31, 2016 or June 30, 2016.
The Company’s nonfinancial assets and liabilities that have nonrecurring fair value measurements include property, plant and equipment, goodwill and intangibles.
In assessing the need for goodwill impairment, management relies on a number of factors, including operating results, business plans, economic projections, anticipated future cash flows, transactions and marketplace data. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company generally uses projected cash flows, discounted as necessary, to estimate the fair values of property, plant and equipment and intangibles using key inputs such as management’s projections of cash flows on a held-and-used basis (if applicable), management’s projections of cash flows upon disposition and discount rates. Accordingly, these fair value measurements fall in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. These assets and certain liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as part of the Company’s impairment assessments and as circumstances require.
10. Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is taxed as a C corporation for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to both federal and state taxation at a corporate level. The LLC continues to operate in the United States as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Income taxes are computed in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, and reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the financial reporting carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and the corresponding income tax amounts. The Company has deferred tax assets and liabilities and maintains valuation allowances where it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. To the extent the Company determines that it will not realize the benefit of some or all of its deferred tax assets, such deferred tax assets will be adjusted through the Company’s provision for income taxes in the period in which this determination is made. As of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, the Company maintained a valuation allowance of $9,730 and $9,700, respectively, against deferred tax assets related to state net operating losses and future amortization deductions (with respect to the Section 754 election) that are reported in the Tennessee corporate tax return without offsetting income, which is taxable at the LLC. The increase in the valuation allowance is due to the exchanges of LLC Units into Class A common stock by certain LLC Unit holders during the six months ended December 31, 2016.
The Company’s consolidated interim effective tax rate is based upon expected annual income from operations, statutory tax rates and tax laws in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates. Significant or unusual items, including adjustments to accruals for tax uncertainties, are recognized in the quarter in which the related event occurs. For the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company's effective tax rate was 33.8%. For the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company's effective tax rate was 33.8% and 33.6%, respectively. The principal differences in the Company's effective tax rate with comparable historical periods presented and the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% relate to the impact of the non-controlling interests in the LLC, which is a pass-through entity for U.S. federal tax purposes, and state taxes. The Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 also reflects the

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impact of the Company's share of the LLC's permanent items such as non-deductible stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests. Additionally, the Company's effective tax rate for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
11. Stock-Based Compensation
On January 6, 2014, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted the Incentive Plan. The Incentive Plan, which became effective on January 1, 2014, reserves for issuance up to 1,700,000 shares of Malibu Boats, Inc. Class A Common Stock for the Company’s employees, consultants, members of its board of directors and other independent contractors at the discretion of the compensation committee. Incentive stock awards authorized under the Incentive Plan include unrestricted shares of Class A Common Stock, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent awards and performance awards. As of December 31, 2016, 1,227,128 shares remain available for future issuance under the Incentive Plan.
On November 6, 2015, the Company granted 130,564 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards to certain key employees. The grant date fair value of these awards was $1,994 based on a stock price of $15.27 per share on the date of grant. Under the terms of the agreements, approximately 12% of the awards vested immediately on the grant date, approximately 38% vest in substantially equal annual installments over a three or four year period, and the remaining 50% of the awards vest in tranches based on the achievement of annual or cumulative performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance based awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. On September 14, 2016, 18,863 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards vested based on a stock price of $14.10 for the achievement of the Company's annual performance target.
On November 4, 2016, the Company granted 130,500 restricted stock units and restricted stock awards to certain key employees. The grant date fair value of these awards was $2,039 based on a stock price of $15.62 per share on the date of grant. Under the terms of the agreements, approximately 63% of the awards vest in substantially equal annual installments over a four year period, and the remaining 37% of the awards vest in tranches based on the achievement of annual performance targets. Compensation costs associated with performance based awards are recognized over the requisite service period based on probability of achievement in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Readers should refer to Note 14 to the fiscal 2016 audited consolidated financial statements contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, for additional information related to the Company's other awards and the Incentive Plan.
The following is a summary of the changes in non-vested restricted stock units and restricted stock awards for the six months ended December 31, 2016:
 
Number of Restricted Stock Units and Restricted Stock Awards Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of June 30, 2016
140,908

 
$
16.17

Granted
166,169

 
15.47

Vested
(68,310
)
 
(15.08
)
Forfeited
(975
)
 
(20.18
)
Total Non-vested Restricted Stock Units as of December 31, 2016
237,792

 
$
15.98

Stock compensation expense attributable to the Company's share-based equity awards was $280 and $665 for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $745 and $1,005 for the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Stock compensation expense attributed to share-based equity awards issued under the Incentive Plan and under the previously existing LLC Agreement is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective awards and is included in general and administrative expense in the Company's unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. The cash flow effects resulting from share-based awards were reflected as noncash operating activities. As of December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested, share-based compensation was $3,405 and $2,131, respectively. As of December 31, 2016, the weighted average years outstanding for unvested awards under the Incentive Plan was 3.0. All awards under the previously existing LLC Agreement were fully vested as of December 31, 2016. During the six months ended December 31, 2016, the Company withheld approximately 11,833 shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $167, as permitted by the applicable equity award agreements, to satisfy employee tax withholding requirements for employee share-based equity awards that have vested and were issued. Awards vesting during the six months ended December 31, 2016 include 35,669 fully vested restricted stock units issued to non-employee directors for their services as directors for the Company.

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12. Net Earnings Per Share
Basic net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to the Company's earnings by the weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing basic net earnings per share includes fully vested restricted stock units awarded to directors that are entitled to participate in distributions to common stockholders through receipt of additional units of equivalent value to the dividends paid to Class A Common stockholders. The portion of consideration paid in Class A Common Stock related to the acquisition of Malibu Boats Pty. Ltd. that is subject to a time-based restriction is also included in the denominator.
Diluted net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock is computed similarly to basic net earnings per share except the weighted average shares outstanding are increased to include additional shares from the assumed exercise of any common stock equivalents using the treasury method, if dilutive. The Company’s LLC Units are considered common stock equivalents for this purpose. The number of additional shares of Class A Common Stock related to these common stock equivalents is calculated using the treasury stock method.
Basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class A Common Stock for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 have been computed as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):
 
Three Months Ended
 
Six Months Ended
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
 
December 31, 2016
 
December 31, 2015
Basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
$
6,901

 
$
5,104

 
$
10,681

 
$
8,662

Shares used in computing basic net income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average Class A Common Stock
17,648,208

 
17,891,875

 
17,634,530

 
17,880,640

Weighted-average participating restricted stock units convertible into Class A Common Stock
137,914

 
94,642

 
125,726

 
83,660

Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
17,786,122

 
17,986,517

 
17,760,256

 
17,964,300

Basic net income per share
$
0.39

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.48

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
$
6,901

 
$
5,104

 
$
10,681

 
$
8,662

Shares used in computing diluted net income per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding
17,786,122

 
17,986,517

 
17,760,256

 
17,964,300

Restricted stock units granted to employees
56,016

 
35,771

 
57,586

 
54,315

Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1
17,842,138

 
18,022,288

 
17,817,842

 
18,018,615

Diluted net income per share
$
0.39

 
$
0.28

 
$
0.60

 
$
0.48

1 The Company excluded 1,423,049 and 1,417,473 potentially dilutive shares from the calculation of diluted net income per share for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, as these shares would have been antidilutive.
The shares of Class B Common Stock do not share in the earnings or losses of Malibu Boats, Inc. and are therefore not included in the calculation. Accordingly, basic and diluted net earnings per share of Class B Common Stock has not been presented.
13. Commitments and Contingencies
Repurchase Commitments
In connection with its dealers’ wholesale floor-plan financing of boats, the Company has entered into repurchase agreements with various lending institutions for sales generated from both the U.S. and Australia operating segments. The reserve methodology used to record an estimated expense and loss reserve in each accounting period is based upon an analysis of likely repurchases based on current field inventory and likelihood of repurchase. Subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood of repurchase and adjusts the estimated loss reserve and related statement of operations account accordingly. This potential loss reserve is presented in accrued expenses in the accompanying

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unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. If the Company were obligated to repurchase a significant number of units under any repurchase agreement, its business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
Repurchases and subsequent sales are recorded as a revenue transaction. The net difference between the original repurchase price and the resale price is recorded against the loss reserve and presented in cost of sales in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. No units were repurchased during the three or six months ended December 31, 2016. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2016, the Company agreed to repurchase three units from the lender of two of its former dealers. Other than these repurchase commitments, the Company has not repurchased another unit from lenders since July 1, 2010. Accordingly, the Company did not carry a reserve for repurchases as of December 31, 2016 or June 30, 2016, respectively.
Contingencies
Certain conditions may exist which could result in a loss, but which will only be resolved when future events occur. The Company, in consultation with its legal counsel, assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessments inherently involve an exercise of judgment. If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a loss has been incurred, the Company accrues for such contingent loss when it can be reasonably estimated. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but reasonably estimable, or is probable but cannot be estimated, the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. If the assessment of a contingency deemed to be both probable and a reasonable estimable involves a range of possible losses, the amount within the range that appears at the time to be a better estimate than any other amount within the range would be accrued. When no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the minimum amount in the range is accrued even though the minimum amount in the range is not necessarily the amount of loss that will be ultimately determined.
Estimates of potential legal fees and other directly related costs associated with contingencies are not accrued but rather are expensed as incurred. Except as disclosed below under "Legal Proceedings," management does not believe there are any pending claims (asserted or unasserted) at December 31, 2016 (unaudited) or June 30, 2016 that may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Legal Proceedings
On June 29, 2015, the Company filed suit against MasterCraft Boat Company, LLC, or "MasterCraft," in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company's complaint alleged MasterCraft's infringement of a utility patent related to wake surfing technology (U.S. Patent No. 8,578,873). On December 11, 2015, the Court issued a scheduling order setting deadlines for discovery and other events in the litigation, leading up to a trial beginning on May 1, 2017. The parties are currently engaged in fact discovery, claim construction proceedings, and various motion practice. The Company intends to vigorously pursue this litigation to enforce its rights in its patented technology and believes that MasterCraft's counterclaims are without merit.
On February 16, 2016, the Company filed a second suit against MasterCraft in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee, seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The Company’s complaint alleges MasterCraft’s infringement of another utility patent related to wake surfing technology (U.S. Patent No. 9,260,161). On June 7, 2016, the Court issued a scheduling order setting deadlines for discovery and other events in the litigation, leading up to a trial beginning on October 30, 2017. The parties are currently engaged in fact discovery, claim construction proceedings, and various motion practice. The Company intends to vigorously pursue this litigation to enforce its rights in its patented technology and believes that MasterCraft’s threatened counterclaims are without merit.
On May 18, 2016, MasterCraft filed two petitions with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or “PTO,” requesting institution of Inter Partes Review, or “IPR,” of the Company’s U.S. Pat. No. 8,578,873, the patent at issue in the first Tennessee lawsuit. On August 23, 2016, the Company filed its preliminary responses to the IPR petitions. On November 16, 2016, the PTO declined to institute IPR in response to either of the two petitions.
On September 26, 2016, MasterCraft filed a request with the PTO for Ex Parte Reexamination of the Company’s U.S. Pat. No. 9,260,161, the patent at issue in the second Tennessee lawsuit. The PTO has not yet acted on this request for ex parte reexamination. The Company intends to oppose the rejection of any patent claims by the PTO made in response to the request for ex parte reexamination.
On September 30, 2015, Great Wakes Boating, Inc. filed suit against the Company, Sunny Marine, LLC, Norris Companies a/k/a Norris Docks, LLC, Wayne Wilson, Scott Davenport and certain former employees of the Company and other individuals, in the Chancery Court for Anderson County, Tennessee seeking monetary and injunctive relief. The suit alleged inducement to breach contract, misrepresentation, promissory estoppel, violations of the Tennessee Uniform Trade Secrets Act

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and civil conspiracy by the Company and Messrs. Wilson, and Davenport. Great Wakes voluntarily dismissed its lawsuit without prejudice against all parties on June 22, 2016. If the claims are revived by Great Wakes, the Company believes the claims are without merit and plans to vigorously defend any lawsuit.
On April 22, 2014, Marine Power Holding, LLC ("Marine Power"), a former supplier of engines to the Company, initiated a lawsuit against the Company in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee seeking monetary damages. On July 10, 2015, the Company filed an Answer and Counterclaim in the lawsuit filed by Marine Power. The Company denied any liability arising from the causes of action alleged by Marine Power. The lawsuit proceeded to trial on August 8, 2016 and on August 18, 2016, a judgment was rendered by the jury against the Company in the litigation with Marine Power resulting in the Company taking a charge of $3,268 during the three months ended June, 30, 2016. The Company subsequently prevailed on post-judgment motions and, on December 15, 2016, the court amended the judgment in the lawsuit for monetary damages to $1,938. Accordingly, the Company reduced the amount accrued for possible loss in connection with the litigation to the amount in the amended judgment as it represents the best estimate of the Company's loss at this time. On December 23, 2016, Marine Power filed a notice of appeal contesting the court's decision to reduce the amount of the original judgment. The Company has appealed the amended judgment and other rulings of the court and intends to vigorously defend its rights as it relates to the lawsuit, as it continues to believe that Marine Power's case is without merit.
On August 26, 2016, Wizard Lake Marine Inc. and Wizard Lake Marine (B.C.) Inc., collectively “Wizard Lake”, a former dealer of the Company’s, initiated a lawsuit against the Company in the Court of Queen’s Bench of Alberta, Canada seeking monetary damages. The suit alleged breach of contract, wrongful termination, misrepresentation, breach of duty of good faith, and intentional interference. Wizard Lake is asking for damages of $8,717. The Company denies any liability arising from the causes of action alleged by Wizard Lake and plans to vigorously defend the lawsuit.
14. Segment Information
The following tables present financial information for the Company’s reportable segments for the three and six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and the Company’s financial position at December 31, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively:
 
Three Months Ended December 31, 2016
 
Six Months Ended December 31, 2016
 
U.S.
 
Australia
 
Eliminations
 
Total
 
U.S.
 
Australia
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
63,672

 
$
6,173

 
$
(2,184
)
 
$
67,661

 
$
122,440

 
$
11,668

 
$
(4,426
)
 
$
129,682

Affiliate (or intersegment) sales
2,184

 

 
(2,184
)
 

 
4,426

 

 
(4,426
)
 

Net sales to external customers
61,488

 
6,173

 

 
67,661

 
118,014

 
11,668

 

 
129,682

Income (loss) before provision for income taxes
11,215

 
455

 
12

 
11,682

 
17,276

 
839

 
(60
)
 
18,055

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended December 30, 2015
 
Six Months Ended December 31, 2015
 
U.S.
 
Australia
 
Eliminations
 
Total
 
U.S.
 
Australia
 
Eliminations
 
Total
Net sales
$
57,006

 
$
5,393

 
$
(1,893
)
 
$
60,506

 
$
110,901

 
$
10,163

 
$
(3,318
)
 
$
117,746

Affiliate (or intersegment) sales
1,893

 

 
(1,893
)
 

 
3,318

 

 
(3,318
)
 

Net sales to external customers
55,113

 
5,393

 

 
60,506

 
107,583

 
10,163

 

 
117,746

Income before provision for income taxes
8,670

 
59

 
(95
)
 
8,634

 
14,459

 
117

 
24

 
14,600

 
As of December 31, 2016
 
As of June 30, 2016
Assets
 

 
 

U.S.
$
216,037

 
$
220,817

Australia
17,916

 
17,130

Eliminations
(18,173
)
 
(17,417
)
Total assets
$
215,780

 
$
220,530




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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Some of the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts included in this Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, certain statements under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, may constitute forward-looking statements. In some cases you can identify these “forward-looking statements” by words like “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of those words and other comparable words. Any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results to vary materially from our future results, performance or achievements, or those of our industry, expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, general industry, economic and business conditions, demand for our products, changes in consumer preferences, competition within our industry, our reliance on our network of independent dealers, our ability to manage our manufacturing levels and our large fixed cost base, and the successful introduction of our new products, as well as other factors affecting us discussed under the heading “Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2016, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on September 9, 2016 ("Form 10-K") and under the heading “Part II. Item 1A-Risk Factors” appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2016. Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside our control, and there may be other risks and uncertainties which we do not currently anticipate because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We do not intend and undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking information to reflect actual results or future events or circumstances.
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included herein.
Overview
We are a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of performance sport boats, having the #1 market share position in the United States since 2010. Our boats are used for water sports, including water skiing, wakeboarding and wake surfing, as well as general recreational boating. We earn revenue and generate profits from the sale of our high performance boats under two brands—Malibu and Axis. Our flagship Malibu brand boats offer our latest innovations in performance, comfort and convenience, and are designed for consumers seeking a premium boating experience. Our Axis brand of boats is designed to appeal to consumers who desire a more affordable product but still demand high performance, functional simplicity and the option to upgrade key features.
Since our inception in 1982, we have been a consistent innovator in the powerboat industry, designing products that appeal to an expanding range of recreational boaters and water sports enthusiasts whose passion for boating and water sports is a key aspect of their lifestyle. We continue to focus on innovation and invest in product development to expand the market for our products by introducing consumers to new and exciting recreational activities. We believe that our boats are increasingly versatile, allowing consumers to use them for a wide range of activities that enhance the experience of a day on the water with family and friends. While there is no guarantee that we will achieve market share growth in the future, we believe that the performance, quality, value and multi-purpose features of our boats position us to achieve our goal of increasing our market share in the expanding recreational boating market.
We offer our boats for sale through an extensive network of independent dealers in North America, Australia, and throughout the rest of the world. Our boats are the exclusive performance sport boats offered by the majority of our dealers.
On a consolidated basis, net sales increased 11.8%, gross profit increased 12.2%, net income increased 35.3% and adjusted EBITDA increased 22.0% for the three months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. For the six months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, net sales increased 10.1%, gross profit increased 10.0%, net income increased 23.4% and adjusted EBITDA increased 13.9%. For the three months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015, net sales at our U.S. operations increased 11.6%, gross profit increased 8.8%, net income increased 30.9% and adjusted EBITDA increased 18.7%. The increase in net income in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 was mainly due to an increase in net sales attributable to

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higher volumes, year over year price increases, a mix shift to new, higher priced models, and lower discounts offset by higher rebate expense. The increase in net income was also attributable to a decrease in operating expenses in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 primarily related to a decrease in our Marine Power Holding, LLC ("Marine Power") litigation judgment following our appeal of the verdict and the court ruling decreasing the judgment amount and lower interest expense attributable to a change in the fair value of our interest rate swap. For the six months ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, net sales at our U.S. operations increased 9.7%, gross profit increased 8.2%, net income increased 18.4% and adjusted EBITDA increased 10.5%. The increase in net income for the first six months of fiscal 2017 was mainly due to an increase in net sales attributable to higher volumes, increased demand for optional features, year over year price increases and a mix shift to new, higher priced models. The increase in net income was also attributable to a decrease in operating expenses due to a decrease in our Marine Power litigation judgment following our appeal of the verdict and the court ruling decreasing the judgment amount and lower interest expense attributable to a change in the fair value of our interest rate swap, partially offset by higher operating expenses related to ongoing legal matters. For the definition of adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation to net income, see “GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
Malibu Boats, Inc. is a Delaware corporation with its principal offices in Loudon, Tennessee. We use the terms “Malibu,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our” or similar references to refer to (i) Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC, or the LLC, and its consolidated subsidiaries prior to the recapitalization transactions completed immediately prior to the closing of the IPO (the "Recapitalization") and the initial public offering of shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share ("Class A Common Stock") of Malibu Boats, Inc. (the "IPO"), and (ii) Malibu Boats, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries after the Recapitalization and IPO, which were completed on February 5, 2014.     
Recent Developments
On November 14, 2016, our indirect, wholly owned subsidiary, Malibu Boats, LLC, entered into an engine supply agreement with General Motors LLC (“General Motors”) for the supply of engines to us for use in our performance sport boats beginning as early as model year 2019 through model year 2023. We will be solely responsible for integrating the engines for marine use. We intend to continue to purchase engines from our two current suppliers for at least model years 2017 and 2018. The entry into the engine supply agreement is a further step in our vertical integration strategy, which saw us integrate the manufacturing of our own trailers with model year 2016 boats. We adopted this strategy in order to more directly control product path (design, innovation, calibration and integration) of our largest dollar procured part, to differentiate our product from our competitors, and to increase our ability to respond to ongoing changes in the marketplace.
The engine supply agreement with General Motors is scheduled to expire on November 14, 2023. General Motors may terminate the engine supply agreement due to market conditions with at least eighteen (18) months’ advanced written notice, and either party may terminate the engine supply agreement as a result of a change of control of us with at least eighteen (18) months’ advanced written notice. Either party may also terminate the engine supply agreement due to breach of the other party upon written notice and after providing 60 days to cure any breach. General Motors may also suspend engine deliveries to us in the event of a force majeure, as defined in the engine supply agreement. General Motors will provide up to a one year warranty on the engines supplied to us and we will agree to indemnify General Motors for claims and costs arising from or relating to the engines resulting from our actions.
Outlook
Although industry-wide retail boat sales remain lower than they were in 2007, prior to the financial crisis, sales volumes expanded during fiscal years 2015 and 2016. According to Statistical Surveys, Inc., domestic retail registrations of performance sport boats increased approximately 10% in 2015, 16% in 2014, and 12% in 2013 for the 50 reporting states. We believe domestic retail demand growth has continued at a low double digit percent for calendar year 2016. We expect the growing demand for our product to continue, but there are numerous variables that have the potential to impact our volumes. For example, we believe the substantial decrease in the price of oil has resulted in some reduced demand for our boats in the southwest region. Further, international demand has been diminished by the broad strength of the U.S. dollar where our product prices have increased along with the U.S. dollar, weakening commodity prices in commodity driven economies, and a general weakening in the international economy. The U.S. dollar appreciation and weakening commodity prices is significantly impacting the Canadian market, an important market for us. Demand remains weak in other areas of the world, notably South America, South Africa and Europe. To date, growth in our domestic market has offset significantly diminished demand from the international market (other than Australia). The market for performance sport boats may also be challenged by other general economic conditions, which affects the retail consumer appetite for our product, the availability of credit to our dealers and retail consumers, and overall consumer confidence potentially impacting demand for our products. While numerous risks persist, we currently believe our market will continue to grow at a healthy rate in 2017, albeit at a potentially lower rate than it has in the recent past.

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Since 2008, we have increased our market share among manufacturers of performance sport boats due to new product development, improved distribution, new models, and innovative features. As the market for our product has recovered our competitors have become more aggressive in their product introductions, increased their distribution and began competing with our patented Surf Gate system. This competitive environment continued in 2015 and our share was up only slightly. However, given recent strong new product introductions and strong retail registration trends, we believe we will increase our domestic market share meaningfully during calendar year 2016 and we have the potential to increase our market share to its highest level in our company's history. For model year 2017 which began on July 1, 2016, we unveiled the all-new Malibu Wakesetter 22 MXZ, the Wakesetter 24 MXZ and Wakesetter 21 VLX and, in November of 2016, we launched the new Malibu Response Txi. The Malibu Wakesetter 21 VLX is designed to be a premium product with an accessible nationally advertised price while the new Malibu MXZ models are an important renewal of our commitment to the premium picklefork category. In addition, on our model year 2017 products, we made enhancements to available features, including new stereos on all models with sound zone technology and a complete redesign of dashboards on all Axis models. We continue to maintain a strong lead over our nearest competitor in terms of market position and believe that we are well positioned to maintain our industry leading position given our strong dealer network and new product pipeline. In addition, we continue to be the market share leader in both the premium and value-oriented product sub-categories.
Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
We believe that our results of operations and our growth prospects are affected by a number of factors, such as the economic environment and consumer demand for our products, our ability to develop new products and innovate, our product mix, our ability to manage manufacturing costs, sales cycles and inventory levels, the strength of our dealer network and our ability to offer dealer financing and incentives.While we do not have control of all factors affecting our results from operations, we work diligently to influence and manage those factors which we can impact to enhance our results of operations.
Components of Results of Operations
Net Sales
We generate revenue from the sale of boats to our dealers. The substantial majority of our net sales are derived from the sale of boats, including optional features included at the time of the initial wholesale purchase of the boat. Net sales consists of the following:
Gross sales from:
Boat sales—consists of sales of boats to our dealer network. In addition, nearly all of our boat sales include optional feature upgrades purchased by the consumer, such as Surf Gate, which increase the average selling price of our boats;
Trailers, parts and accessories sales—consists of sales of boat trailers and replacement and aftermarket boat parts and accessories to our dealer network; and
Royalty income—consists of royalties attributable to license agreements with various boat manufacturers.
Net sales are net of:
Sales returns—primarily contractual repurchases of boats either repossessed by the floor plan financing provider from the dealer or returned by the dealer under our warranty program; and
Rebates, free flooring and discounts—incentives, including rebates and free flooring, we provide to our dealers based on sales of eligible products. If a dealer meets its annual commitment volume as well as other terms of the rebate program, the dealer is entitled to a specified rebate. We implemented a new rebate program for model year 2017. Under the new program, if a dealer meets certain monthly and quarterly criteria based on the dealer's volume commitment, the dealer may be eligible for a specified rebate. Our dealers that take delivery of current model year boats in the offseason, typically July through April in the U.S., are entitled to have us pay the interest to floor the boat until the earlier of (1) the sale of the unit or (2) a date near the end of the current model year, which incentive we refer to as “free flooring.”
 Cost of Sales
Our cost of sales includes all of the costs to manufacture our products, including raw materials, components, supplies, direct labor and factory overhead. For components and accessories manufactured by third-party vendors, such costs represent the amounts invoiced by the vendors. Shipping costs and depreciation expense related to manufacturing equipment and

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facilities are also included in cost of sales. Warranty costs associated with the repair or replacement of our boats under warranty are also included in cost of sales.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses include selling and marketing, and general and administrative costs. Each of these items includes personnel and related expenses, supplies, non-manufacturing overhead, third-party professional fees and various other operating expenses. Further, selling and marketing expenditures include the cost of advertising and various promotional sales incentive programs. General and administrative expenses include, among other things, salaries, benefits and other personnel related expenses for employees engaged in product development, engineering, finance, information technology, human resources and executive management. Other costs include outside legal and accounting fees, investor relations, risk management (insurance) and other administrative costs. General and administrative expenses also include product development expenses associated with our engines vertical integration initiative.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net consists of interest expense and other income or expense, net. Interest expense consists of interest charged on our term loan, interest on our interest rate swap arrangement and change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015, and amortization of deferred financing costs on our amended and restated credit agreement.
Income Taxes
Malibu Boats, Inc. is subject to U.S. federal and state income tax in multiple jurisdictions with respect to our allocable share of any net taxable income of the LLC. The LLC is a pass-through entity for federal purposes but incurs income tax in certain state jurisdictions. The provision for income taxes reflects an estimated effective income tax rate attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.'s share of income. Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended December 31, 2016 reflects a reported effective tax rate of 33.8%, which differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC, as well as the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). Our effective tax rate also reflects the impact of the Company's share of the LLC's permanent items such as stock compensation expense attributable to profits interests.
Net Income Attributable to Non-controlling Interest
As of December 31, 2016, we had a 92.9% controlling economic interest and 100% voting interest in the LLC and, therefore, we consolidate the LLC's operating results for financial statement purposes. Net income attributable to non-controlling interest represents the portion of net income attributable to the LLC members.

Results of Operations
The table below sets forth our consolidated results of operations, expressed in thousands (except unit volume and net sales per unit) and as a percentage of net sales, for the periods presented. Our unaudited consolidated financial results for these periods are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated financial results that we will achieve in future periods. Certain totals for the table below will not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding.

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Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
$
 
% Revenue
 
$
 
% Revenue
 
$
 
% Revenue
 
$
 
% Revenue
Net sales
67,661

 
100.0
 %
 
60,506

 
100.0
 %
 
129,682

 
100.0
 %
 
117,746

 
100.0
 %
Cost of sales
49,848

 
73.7
 %
 
44,627

 
73.8
 %
 
96,046

 
74.1
 %
 
87,157

 
74.0
 %
Gross profit
17,813

 
26.3
 %
 
15,879

 
26.2
 %
 
33,636

 
25.9
 %
 
30,589

 
26.0
 %
Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling and marketing
2,150

 
3.2
 %
 
2,162

 
3.6
 %
 
4,573

 
3.5
 %
 
4,424

 
3.8
 %
General and administrative
3,453

 
5.1
 %
 
4,193

 
6.9
 %
 
9,517

 
7.3
 %
 
8,819

 
7.5
 %
Amortization
549

 
0.8
 %
 
545

 
0.9
 %
 
1,099

 
0.8
 %
 
1,092

 
0.9
 %
Operating income
11,661

 
17.2
 %
 
8,979

 
14.8
 %
 
18,447

 
14.2
 %
 
16,254

 
13.8
 %
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
58

 
0.1
 %
 
17

 
 %
 
75

 
0.1
 %
 
24

 
 %
Interest expense
(37
)
 
(0.1
)%
 
(362
)
 
(0.6
)%
 
(467
)
 
(0.4
)%
 
(1,678
)
 
(1.4
)%
Other income (expense)
21

 
 %
 
(345
)
 
(0.6
)%
 
(392
)
 
(0.3
)%
 
(1,654
)
 
(1.4
)%
Income before provision for income taxes
11,682

 
17.3
 %
 
8,634

 
14.3
 %
 
18,055

 
13.9
 %
 
14,600

 
12.4
 %
Provision for income taxes
3,945

 
5.8
 %
 
2,916

 
4.8
 %
 
6,092

 
4.7
 %
 
4,902

 
4.2
 %
Net income
7,737

 
11.4
 %
 
5,718

 
9.5
 %
 
11,963

 
9.2
 %
 
9,698

 
8.2
 %
Net income attributable to non-controlling interest
836

 
1.2
 %
 
614

 
1.0
 %
 
1,282

 
1.0
 %
 
1,036

 
0.9
 %
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
6,901

 
10.2
 %
 
5,104

 
8.4
 %
 
10,681

 
8.2
 %
 
8,662

 
7.4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
Unit Volumes
 
% Total
 
Unit Volumes
 
% Total
 
Unit Volumes
 
% Total
 
Unit Volumes
 
% Total
Volume by Segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
841

 
91.0
 %
 
786

 
90.7
 %
 
1,597

 
90.9
 %
 
1,532

 
90.5
 %
Australia
83

 
9.0
 %
 
81

 
9.3
 %
 
160

 
9.1
 %
 
160

 
9.5
 %
Total units
924

 
 
 
867

 
 
 
1,757

 
 
 
1,692

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume by Brand
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Malibu
664

 
71.9
 %
 
591

 
68.2
 %
 
1,241

 
70.6
 %
 
1,125

 
66.5
 %
Axis
260

 
28.1
 %
 
276

 
31.8
 %
 
516

 
29.4
 %
 
567

 
33.5
 %
Total units
924

 
 
 
867

 
 
 
1,757

 
 
 
1,692

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net sales per unit
$
73,226

 
 
 
$
69,787

 
 
 
$
73,809

 
 
 
$
69,590

 
 
Comparison of the Three Months Ended December 31, 2016 to the Three Months Ended December 31, 2015
Net Sales
Net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased $7.2 million, or 11.8%, to $67.7 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. Included in net sales for the three months ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were net sales of $6.2 million and $5.4 million, respectively, attributable to our Australian business. Unit volume for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased 57 units, or 6.6%, to 924 units as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015 driven by demand for our new models such as the Malibu Wakesetter 22 and 24 MXZ. Net sales per unit increased 4.9% to $73,226 per unit for the three months ended December 31, 2016 compared to the three months

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ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by a mix shift to Malibu, including our newer models, which carry a higher average selling price than our Axis brand, year over year price increases, and lower discount activity, offset by increased rebate expense associated with our new rebate program for model year 2017.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased $5.2 million, or 11.7%, to $49.8 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in cost of sales was driven primarily by increased volumes and higher material content per unit associated with the mix shift to Malibu. Included in cost of sales were $0.1 million in costs related to our engines vertical integration initiative.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased $1.9 million, or 12.2%, to $17.8 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in gross profit was due mainly to higher volumes. Gross margin for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased 10 basis points from 26.2% to 26.3% over the same period in the prior fiscal year. The increase in gross margin was driven primarily by mix of new models, year over year price increases, less discounting, partially offset by higher rebate expense attributable to our new rebate program and warranty expense related to our expanded warranty period of coverage.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the three month period ended December 31, 2016 were $2.2 million, slightly lower than selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2015. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses decreased 40 basis points to 3.2% over the same period. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2016 decreased $0.7 million, or 17.6%, to $3.5 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015, largely due to a decrease in the Marine Power litigation judgment following our appeal of the verdict and court ruling amending the judgment from $3.3 million to $1.9 million in December 2016. We had initially taken a charge relating to the original judgment for $3.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016. Excluding the change in the Marine Power litigation judgment, general and administrative expenses increased $0.6 million mainly due to increased legal expenses in connection with our on-going litigation matters as well as product development activities in connection with our engines vertical integration initiative, offset by lower stock compensation expense associated, in part, with share-based equity awards granted in the second quarter of fiscal 2016.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net for the three month period ended December 31, 2016 decreased $0.4 million as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in other income (expense), net is mostly related to the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015 as well as lower interest expense on our term loan which has a lower average principal balance for the three month period ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2016 increased $1.0 million, to $3.9 million compared to the three months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in our provision for income taxes is a result of an increase in pre-tax income for the three months ended December 31, 2016. For the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, our reported effective tax rate was 33.8%. The reported effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC on our share of the LLC's income and also includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the three month period ended December 31, 2016 by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the three months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 7.2%.
Comparison of the Six Months Ended December 31, 2016 to the Six Months Ended December 31, 2015
Net Sales

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Net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased $11.9 million, or 10.1%, to $129.7 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015. Included in net sales for the six months ended December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were net sales of $11.7 million and $10.2 million, respectively, attributable to our Australian business. Unit volume for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased 65 units, or 3.8%, to 1,757 units as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015 due to a demand-driven increase in our daily production rate, demand for new models, and demand for optional features. Net sales per unit increased 6.1% to $73,809 per unit for the six months ended December 31, 2016 compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, primarily driven by year over year price increases, a mix shift from Axis to Malibu, which carry a higher average selling price than our Axis brand, and lower discount activity, offset by higher rebate expense associated with our new rebate program for model year 2017.
Cost of Sales
Cost of sales for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased $8.9 million, or 10.2%, to $96.0 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in cost of sales was primarily driven by increased volumes, higher material content and labor hours driven by the mix shift to Malibu from Axis as well as higher warranty expense attributable to an increasing population of units sold with five years of warranty since we expanded warranty coverage from three to five years at the beginning of fiscal 2016. Included in cost of sales were $0.1 million in costs related to our engines vertical integration initiative.
Gross Profit
Gross profit for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased $3.0 million, or 10.0%, to $33.6 million compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in gross profit resulted primarily from higher volumes. Gross margin for the six months ended December 31, 2016 decreased 10 basis points to 25.9% from 26.0% over the same period in prior year due primarily to additional labor and warranty and higher material content in units sold, partially offset by year over year price increases.
Operating Expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the six month period ended December 31, 2016 increased $0.1 million, or 3.4%, to $4.6 million compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, due primarily to increased payroll, commissions, and related costs attributable to additional headcount and timing of marketing events. General and administrative expenses for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased $0.7 million, or 7.9%, to $9.5 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, which included a decrease in the Marine Power litigation judgment following our appeal of the verdict and court ruling amending the judgment from $3.3 million to $1.9 million in December 2016. We had initially taken a charge relating to the original judgment for $3.3 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016. Excluding the change in the Marine Power litigation judgment, general and administrative expenses increased $2.0 million mainly due to increased legal expenses in connection with our on-going litigation matters as well as product development activities in connection with our engines vertical integration initiative, offset by lower stock compensation expense associated, in part, with share-based equity awards granted in the second quarter of fiscal 2016.
Other Income (Expense), Net
Other income (expense), net for the six month period ended December 31, 2016 decreased $1.3 million as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015. The decrease in other income (expense), net is mostly related to the change in the fair value of our interest rate swap we entered into on July 1, 2015 and lower interest expense on our term loan which had a lower average principal balance during the six month period ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015, primarily as a result of a principal payment of $15.0 million in August 2016.
Provision for Income Taxes
Our provision for income taxes for the six months ended December 31, 2016 increased $1.2 million, to $6.1 million compared to the six months ended December 31, 2015. The increase in our provision for income taxes reflects an increase in our reported effective tax rate which was 33.8% for the six months ended December 31, 2016 compared to 33.6% over the same period in the prior fiscal year. The reported effective tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of the non-controlling interest and state income taxes attributable to the LLC on our share of the LLC's income and also includes the benefit of deductions under Section 199 of the Internal Revenue Code.
Non-controlling Interest
Non-controlling interest represents the ownership interests of the members of the LLC other than us and the amount recorded as non-controlling interest in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income is

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computed by multiplying pre-tax income for the six month period ended December 31, 2016 by the percentage ownership in the LLC not directly attributable to us. For the six months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the weighted average non-controlling interest attributable to ownership interests in the LLC not directly attributable to us was 7.3% and 7.2%, respectively.
GAAP Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA
Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures that are used by management as well as by investors, commercial bankers, industry analysts and other users of our financial statements.
We define adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization and non-cash, non-recurring or non-operating expenses, including certain professional fees, acquisition and integration related expenses, non-cash compensation expense, and certain product development costs. We define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of net income as determined by GAAP. Management believes adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin are useful because they allow management to evaluate our operating performance and compare the results of our operations from period to period and against our peers without regard to our financing methods, capital structure and non-recurring or non-operating expenses. We exclude the items listed above from net income in arriving at adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, the methods by which assets were acquired and other factors. Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net income as determined in accordance with GAAP or as an indicator of our liquidity. Certain items excluded from adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historical costs of depreciable assets. Our presentation of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin should not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computations of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.
The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income as determined in accordance with GAAP to adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA margin for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income
$
7,737

 
$
5,718

 
$
11,963

 
$
9,698

Provision for income taxes
3,945

 
2,916

 
6,092

 
4,902

Interest expense
37

 
362

 
467

 
1,678

Depreciation
1,026

 
841

 
1,994

 
1,616

Amortization
549

 
545

 
1,099

 
1,092

Professional fees 1
917

 
48

 
1,986

 
218

Marine Power litigation judgment 2
(1,330
)
 

 
(1,330
)
 

Acquisition and integration related expenses 3

 
71

 

 
401

Stock based compensation expense 4
280

 
665

 
745

 
1,005

Engine development 5
460

 

 
460

 

Adjusted EBITDA
$
13,621

 
$
11,166

 
$
23,476

 
$
20,610

Adjusted EBITDA Margin
20.1
%
 
18.5
%
 
18.1
%
 
17.5
%

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(1)
Represents legal and advisory fees related to our litigation with MasterCraft Boat Company, LLC. For more information about the legal proceedings, refer to Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
(2)
Represents the reduction in a one-time charge related to a judgment rendered against us in connection with a lawsuit by Marine Power where the court amended the judgment to $1.9 million. Please see Note 13 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report
(3)
Represents legal and advisory fees as well as integration related costs incurred in connection with certain acquisition activities.
(4)
Represents equity-based incentives awarded to key employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC. For more information, see Note 11 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
(5)
Represents costs incurred in connection with our vertical integration of engines including product development costs and supplier transition performance incentives.
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income
We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income as net income attributable to Malibu (i) excluding income tax expense, (ii) excluding the effect of non-recurring or non-cash items, (iii) assuming the exchange of all units in the LLC ("LLC Units") into shares of Class A Common Stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in the LLC, and (iv) reflecting an adjustment for income tax expense on fully distributed net income before income taxes (assuming no income attributable to non-controlling interests) at our estimated effective income tax rate. Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is a non-GAAP financial measure because it represents net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc, before non-recurring or non-cash items and the effects of non-controlling interests in the LLC.
We use Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone.
We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income assists our board of directors, management and investors in comparing our net income on a consistent basis from period to period because it removes non-cash or non-recurring items, and eliminates the variability of non-controlling interest as a result of member exchanges of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock.
In addition, because Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income is susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income measures, as presented in this Quarterly Report, may differ from and may, therefore, not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

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The table that follows shows the reconciliation of net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income for the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):
 
 
Three Months Ended December 31,
 
Six Months Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Net income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.
 
$
6,901

 
$
5,104

 
$
10,681

 
$
8,662

Provision for income taxes
 
3,945

 
2,916

 
6,092

 
4,902

Professional fees 1
 
917

 
48

 
1,986

 
218

Acquisition and integration related expenses 2
 

 
71

 

 
401

Fair market value adjustment for interest rate swap 3
 
(580
)
 
(382
)
 
(825
)
 
175

Stock based compensation expense 4
 
280

 
665

 
745

 
1,005

Marine Power litigation judgment 5
 
(1,330
)
 

 
(1,330
)
 

Engine development 6
 
460

 

 
460

 

Net income attributable to non-controlling interest 7
 
836

 
614

 
1,282

 
1,036

Fully distributed net income before income taxes
 
11,429

 
9,036

 
19,091

 
16,399

Income tax expense on fully distributed income before income taxes 8
 
4,057

 
3,208

 
6,777

 
5,822

Adjusted fully distributed net income
 
$
7,372

 
$
5,828

 
$
12,314

 
$
10,577

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income per share of Class A Common Stock 9:
 
 
 
 
 


 
 
Basic
 
$
0.38

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.64

 
$
0.55

Diluted
 
$
0.38

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.64

 
$
0.55

 
 


 


 


 
 
Weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing Adjusted Fully Distributed Net Income 10:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
 
19,302,718

 
19,391,440

 
19,262,111

 
19,372,675

Diluted
 
19,302,718

 
19,391,440

 
19,262,111

 
19,372,675