UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE C OMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
[X] QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2011
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___________ to ___________
Commission File Number: 0-32917
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
| Nevada | 94-3355026 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
2225 Folkestone Way
West Vancouver, British
Columbia Canada V7S 2Y6
(Address of principal executive offices,
including zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (604) 926-6627
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: $.0000053 par value common stock
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934
during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing
requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No
[ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a small reporting company.
Large accelerated filer [ ] Accelerated filer [ ] Non-accelerated filer [ ] Smaller reporting company [X]
Indicate by a check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes [ ] No [X]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN
BANKRUPTCY
PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PRECEDING FIVE YEARS
Check whether the registrant filed all documents and reports
required to be filed by Section 12, 13, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934
after the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.
Yes
[ ] No [ ]
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS
State the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common equity, as of the latest practicable date:
93,512,433 common shares outstanding, $0.0000053 par value, at May 15, 2011.
PART I
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
2
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
| March 31, | December 31, | |||||
| 2011 | 2010 | |||||
| ASSETS | ||||||
| Current Assets | ||||||
| Cash | $ | 1,809 | $ | 14,412 | ||
| Prepaid expenses | 20,174 | 54,763 | ||||
| Total current assets and total assets | $ | 21,983 | $ | 69,175 | ||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIENCY) | ||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 201,116 | $ | 237,597 | ||
| Short-term loan (Note 3.) | 22,291 | - | ||||
| Convertible note payable (Note 4.) | - | 300,000 | ||||
| Total current liabilities | 223,407 | 537,597 | ||||
| Stockholders' Deficiency | ||||||
| Common stock,
$0.0000053 par value; 100,000,000 common
shares authorized; 93,262,433 and 83,712,433 shares issued and outstanding for March 31,2011 and December 31,2010 respectively |
503 | 452 | ||||
| Share subscriptions received in advance | 100,000 | 50,000 | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 23,938,806 | 23,275,857 | ||||
| Deficit accumulated during the development stage | (24,240,733 | ) | (23,794,731 | ) | ||
| Total stockholders’ deficiency | (201,424 | ) | (468,422 | ) | ||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficiency | $ | 21,983 | $ | 69,175 |
See Notes to Financial Statements
3
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 and
2010, and for the
Period from December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to March 31, 2011
| Cumulative | |||||||||
| During the | |||||||||
| Development | |||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | Stage | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 2,000 | |||
| Expenses | |||||||||
| Licenses | - | - | 3,379,756 | ||||||
| Professional fees | 4,400 | 4,676 | 3,473,378 | ||||||
| Consulting fees | 67,589 | 123,065 | 12,902,339 | ||||||
| Research and development | - | 1,425 | 2,540,176 | ||||||
| General and administrative | 44,013 | 37,955 | 1,450,096 | ||||||
| Interest | - | 6,000 | 132,162 | ||||||
| 116,002 | 173,121 | 23,877,907 | |||||||
| Other items | |||||||||
| Write-off of accounts payable | - | - | 8,640 | ||||||
| Loss on debt settlement | (330,000 | ) | - | (330,000 | ) | ||||
| - | |||||||||
| (330,000 | ) | - | (321,360 | ) | |||||
| Loss from continuing operations | (446,002 | ) | (173,121 | ) | (24,197,267 | ) | |||
| Discontinued Operations | |||||||||
| Loss from operations of the discontinued segment | - | - | (43,466 | ) | |||||
| Net loss for the period | $ | (446,002 | ) | $ | (173,121 | ) | $ | (24,240,733 | ) |
| Net Loss per Common Share (basic and diluted) | $ | (0.00 | ) | $ | (0.00 | ) | |||
| Weighted average number of common shares outstanding (basic and diluted) | 85,325,173 | 61,264,015 |
See Notes to Financial Statements
4
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(DEFICIENCY)
For the Period from December 31, 2010 to March 31, 2011
| Stock | Deficit | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Common Stock | Subscriptions | Accumulated | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Received in | During the | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuable | Paid-in | advance | Development | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | (Receivable) | Stage | Total | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2010 | 83,712,433 | $ | 452 | - | $ | - | $ | 23,275,857 | $ | 50,000 | $ | (23,794,731 | ) | $ | (468,422 | ) | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services: March 2010 | 550,000 | 3 | - | - | 32,997 | - | - | 33,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock to settle convertible debt | 9,000,000 | 48 | - | - | 629,952 | - | - | 630,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock subscriptions received in advance | - | - | - | - | - | 50,000 | - | 50,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | - | - | - | - | - | - | (446,002 | ) | (446,002 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Balance, March 31, 2011 | 93,262,433 | $ | 503 | - | $ | - | $ | 23,938,806 | $ | 100,000 | $ | (24,240,733 | ) | $ | (201,424 | ) | ||||||||
See Notes to Financial Statements
5
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
For
the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 and 2010, and for the Period
from
December 23, 1999 (Date of Inception) to March 31, 2011
| Cumulative | |||||||||
| During the | |||||||||
| Development | |||||||||
| 2011 | 2010 | Stage | |||||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities | |||||||||
| Net loss for period | $ | (446,002 | ) | $ | (173,121 | ) | $ | (24,240,733 | ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities | |||||||||
| Depreciation expense | - | - | 3,388 | ||||||
| Write-off of accounts payable | - | - | (8,640 | ) | |||||
| Loss on settlement of debt (Note 4.) | 330,000 | 330,000 | |||||||
| Issuance and amortization of common stock for services | 67,589 | 113,285 | 18,253,524 | ||||||
| Issuance and amortization of warrants for services | - | 9,780 | 2,629,730 | ||||||
| Issuance and amortization of stock options for services | - | - | 222,817 | ||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | |||||||||
| Prepaids | - | (10,000 | ) | (10,000 | ) | ||||
| Accounts payable | (36,481 | ) | 33,433 | 209,756 | |||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (84,894 | ) | (26,623 | ) | (2,610,158 | ) | |||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | |||||||||
| Purchase of computer equipment | - | - | (3,388 | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | - | - | (3,388 | ) | |||||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | |||||||||
| Short-term loan proceeds | 22,291 | 10,000 | 22,291 | ||||||
| Warrants exercised | - | - | 812,314 | ||||||
| Stock options exercised | - | - | 100,500 | ||||||
| Issuance of common stock for cash | - | 3,750 | 1,280,250 | ||||||
| Share subscriptions received in advance | 50,000 | - | 100,000 | ||||||
| Loan proceeds | - | - | 300,000 | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 72,291 | 13,750 | 2,615,355 | ||||||
| Net change in cash | (12,603 | ) | (12,873 | ) | 1,809 | ||||
| Cash, beginning of period | 14,412 | 22,788 | |||||||
| Cash, end of period | $ | 1,809 | $ | 9,915 | $ | 1,809 | |||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 42,703 | |||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | |||
| Supplementary information - Non-cash Transactions: | |||||||||
| Note payable converted to common stock | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 350,457 | |||
| Common stock issued for prepaid consulting services | 33,000 | 146,550 | 20,174 | ||||||
| Shares issued to settle debt | 300,000 | - | 300,000 |
See Notes to Financial Statements
6
PROTOKINETIX, INC.
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
March 31, 2011
Note 1. Organization and Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
ProtoKinetix, Inc. (the "Company"), a development stage company, was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 23, 1999. The Company is a medical research company whose mission is the advancement of human health care.
In 2003, the Company entered into an assignment of license agreement (the "Agreement") with BioKinetix, Inc., an Alberta, Canada, corporation. The Agreement provided the Company with an exclusive assignment of all of the rights (the "Rights") that BioKinetix possessed relating to two proprietary technologies that are being developed for the creation and commercialization of "superantibodies," an enhancement of antibody technology that makes ordinary antibodies much more lethal. In consideration, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the Company to issue 16,000,000 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of BioKinetix.
The Company is also currently researching the benefits and feasibility of proprietary synthesized Antifreeze Glycoproteins ("AFGP"). In preliminary studies, AFGP has demonstrated an ability to protect and preserve human cells at temperatures below freezing.
Interim Period Financial Statements
The financial statements included in this Form 10-Q are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 and the cumulative period from December 23, 1999 to March 31, 2011 and with the instructions to Form 10-Q. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such SEC rules and regulations. The interim period financial statements should be read together with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company's audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010. In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial statements contained herein contain all adjustments (consisting of a normal recurring nature) necessary to present a fair statement of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year.
Going Concern
As shown in the financial statements, the Company has not developed a commercially viable product, has not generated any revenues to date and has incurred losses since inception, resulting in a net accumulated deficit at March 31, 2011. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company needs additional working capital to continue its medical research or to be successful in any future business activities and continue to pay its liabilities. Therefore, continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining the additional working capital necessary to accomplish its objective. Management is presently engaged in seeking additional working capital.
The accompanying financial statements do not include any adjustments to the recorded assets or liabilities that might be necessary should the Company fail in any of the above objectives and is unable to operate for the coming year.
7
Use of Estimates
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The more significant accounting estimates inherent in the preparation of the Company's financial statements include estimates as to valuation of equity related instruments issued.
Earnings per Share and Potentially Dilutive Securities
Basic loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding in the period. The Company's stock split 1:75 on August 24, 2001. In April 2002, the Board of Directors approved a 2.5 for 1 split of the Company's stock. The accompanying financial statements are presented on a post-split basis. Diluted loss per share takes into consideration common shares outstanding (computed under basic earnings per share) and potentially dilutive securities. The effect of 7,280,000 (2010: 11,260,000) outstanding warrants, and 250,000 (2010: 250,000) outstanding options and debt convertible into nil (2010: 1,200,000) common shares was not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for all periods presented because it was anti-dilutive due to the Company's losses. Common stock issuable is considered outstanding as of the original approval date for purposes of earnings per share computations.
Share-Based Compensation
The Company has granted warrants and options to purchase shares of the Company's common stock to various parties for consulting services. The fair values of the warrants and options issued have been estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation under "Share-Based Payment," which requires measurement of compensation cost for all stock-based awards at fair value on the date of grant and recognition of compensation over the service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock options is determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.
The Company accounted for stock compensation arrangements with non-employees in accordance with “Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services”, which require that such equity instruments are recorded at their fair value on the measurement date. The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustment as the underlying instruments vest. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model and the compensation charges are amortized over the vesting period.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Financial instruments, including cash, accounts payable, short-term loan and convertible note payable are carried at cost, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company measures the fair value of financial assets and liabilities based on the guidance of Fair Value Measurements which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the policy for financial assets and liabilities, as well as for any other assets and liabilities that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis. The adoption of the provisions of this accounting policy did not materially impact the Company’s financial position and results of operations.
The policy defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The policy also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The policy describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:
8
Level 1 – quoted prices in active
markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2 – quoted prices for
similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are
observable
Level 3 – inputs that are unobservable (for example cash flow modeling
inputs based on assumptions)
Financial instruments measured at fair value on the balance sheet are summarized in levels of fair value hierarchy as follows:
| Assets | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | 1,809 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,809 |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
The management of the Company has considered all recent accounting pronouncements issued since the last audit of the Company’s financial statements and believes that these recent pronouncements will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Note 2. Discontinued Operations
In 2003, the Company signed the licensing agreement described in Note 1. This agreement changed the Company's business plan to that of a medical research company. Accordingly, the operating results related to the Company's research prior to the licensing agreement have been presented as discontinued operations in these financial statements for all periods presented.
Note 3. Short Term Loan
The short term loan is unsecured, non-interest bearing and is payable on demand.
Note 4. Convertible Note Payable
On July 1, 2007, the Company executed a loan agreement under which the Company issued to a corporation an 8% convertible promissory note in exchange for $300,000. The note holder has the right to demand payment of outstanding principal and interest at any time with a 30-day grace period. The note is due and payable no later than June 30, 2012, and is convertible into shares of the Company's common stock at $0.25 per share. No beneficial conversion feature was applicable to this convertible note. During the period, the note holder demanded the repayment of the loan in cash. The Company negotiated with the note holder who accepted 9 million common shares of the Company as consideration for the settlement of the loan. On January 26, 2011, the Company issued 9 million shares at $0.07 per share to settle the convertible note. The fair value of the 9 million shares issued exceeds the loan principal by $330,000, which is recorded as loss on settlement of loan.
Note 5. Share-Based Compensation
In 2003, the Company adopted its 2003 and 2004 Stock Incentive Plans. Each plan provides for the issuance of incentive and non-qualified shares of the Company's stock to officers, directors, employees, and non-employees. The Board of Directors determines the terms of the shares or options to be granted, including the number of shares or options, the exercise price, and the vesting schedule, if applicable. In the period ended March 31, 2011, the Company issued common shares from both plans to non-employee consultants for services rendered as follows:
9
| 2011 | Number of Shares | Value per Share | ||
| March | 550,000 | $ 0.06 | ||
| Total , March 31, 2011 | 550,000 |
Note 6. Stock Options
There were no stock option transactions during the three month period ended March 31, 2011.
At March 31, 2011, the following stock options were outstanding:
| Number of Options | Exercise price | Expiry Date | |
| 250,000 | $ 0.20 | April 30, 2012 | |
These options are fully vested as at March 31, 2011.
Note 7. Warrants
There were no warrant transactions during the three month period ended March 31, 2011.
At March 31, 2011, the following warrants were outstanding:
| Number of Warrants | Exercise price | Expiry Date |
| 1,500,000 |
$ 0.10 |
April 15, 2011 (Subsequently expired) |
| 1,000,000 | 0.10 | July 1, 2011 |
| 500,000 | 0.10 | July 15, 2011 |
| 950,000 | 0.50 | June 1, 2012 |
| 500,000 | 0.50 | July 12, 2012 |
| 1,300,000 | 0.50 | August 1, 2012 |
| 1,530,000 | 0.15 | February 9, 2013 |
| 7,280,000 |
During the period ended March 31, 2011, 3,800,000 warrants exercisable at a $0.50 per share until August 1, 2012, were cancelled
Note 8. Stockholders’ Equity (Deficiency)
The Company is authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of $0.0000053 par value common stock. Each holder of common stock has the right to one vote but does not have cumulative voting rights. Shares of common stock are not subject to any redemption or sinking fund provisions, nor do they have any preemptive, subscription or conversion rights. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends whenever funds are legally available and when declared by the board of directors, subject to the prior rights of holders of all classes of stock outstanding having priority rights as to dividends. No dividends have been declared or paid as of March 31, 2011.
During the three month period ended March 31, 2011, the Company:
| 1) |
Issued 9,000,000 shares to settle the convertible debt of $300,000. | |
| 2) |
Issued 550,000 shares for services with a total valuation of $33,000 |
10
Note 9. Subsequent Event
Subsequent to the period ended March 31, 2011, the Company issued 250,000 shares of the Company to the share subscription holder.
11
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OR PLAN OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This discussion and analysis in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited Financial Statements and related notes for the three months ended March 31, 2011 and 2010 and for the period from December 23, 1999 to March 31, 2011. Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of any contingent liabilities at the financial statement date and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We review our estimates and assumptions on an on-going basis. Our estimates are based on our historical experience and other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results are likely to differ from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, but we do not believe such differences will materially affect our financial position or results of operations. Our critical accounting policies, the policies we believe are most important to the presentation of our financial statements and require the most difficult, subjective and complex judgments, are outlined below in ‘‘Critical Accounting Policies,’’ and have not changed significantly.
In addition, certain statements made in this report may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements involve known or unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of the Company to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Specifically, but not limited to, 1) our ability to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for our products; and 2) our ability to increase revenues and operating income, is dependent upon our ability to develop and sell our products, general economic conditions, and other factors. You can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continues" or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. We base these forward-looking statements on our expectations and projections about future events, which we derive from the information currently available to us. Such forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future performance. Although we believe that the expectations reflected-in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Forward-looking statements are only predictions. The forward-looking events discussed in this Quarterly Report, the documents to which we refer you, and other statements made from time to time by us or our representatives, may not occur, and actual events and results may differ materially and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about us. For these statements, we claim the protection of the “bespeaks caution” doctrine. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof, and we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this filing.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our critical and significant accounting policies, including the assumptions and judgments underlying them, are disclosed in the Notes to the Financial Statements. These policies have been consistently applied in all material respects. The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. See our audited financial statements and notes thereto which contain accounting policies and other disclosures required by accounting principles, generally accepted in the United States of America.
12
Important Disclosures and Disclaimers.
Please note that ProtoKinetix, Inc. (the "Company") is a research and product development stage company that has not yet sold any products. The Company had $0 in revenues for the Period ending March 31, 2011
It is important to understand that although the Company (as is discussed below) is focused on various promising scientific and business development efforts, to date, we have not yet marketed a product. Ongoing testing of the AAGP™ molecule with three amino acids joined to a monosaccharide by a gemdifluride bond continues to show that there is significant promise in the field of medicine of preserving cells, tissue and organs from various stresses. The antiaging properties and the protective effect of AAGP™ also is of significant interest to the cosmetic and skin care industries. Tests have confirmed that the AAGP™ molecule improves the harvest of cells from cryopreservation by 30% to 120%. We believe there is a market for AAGP™ to preserve cells, particularly various stem cells, and we will continue testing with potential customers. At the same time we are taking steps to improve the manufacturing process to reduce costs and improve purity and biochemical activity.
Our progress to date has been achieved notwithstanding the inherent risks relating to the science, applications, market opportunities and commercial relationships. The progress of the business has and will continue to be dependant on having appropriate human and sufficient financial resources which have and will be uncertain.
Overview
ProtoKinetix owns the world-wide rights to a family of anti-aging glycopeptides, trademarked as AAGPs™. In scientific studies and tests AAGPs™ have demonstrated the ability to enhance the health and extend the life of biologically sensitive cells which have been subjected to severe stress conditions under laboratory controlled test conditions. AAGPs™ are stable and non-toxic.
Since 2005, ProtoKinetix has primarily focused on scientific research, however recently the company has been in the process of directing major efforts to the practical side of commercial validation and product development initiatives, particularly in regenerative medicine and the preservation of stem cells and other biological products and tools used in medical applications. The commercial applications for AAGPs™ in large markets such as skincare/cosmetic products and targeted health care solutions are numerous. ProtoKinetix is currently working with researchers, business leaders and advisors and commercial entities to bring AAGP™ to market.
Native AFGP Compound
AFGP (Anti-Freeze Glycoprotein) is found in nature as a compound produced by some fish, insects, reptiles, bacteria and plants that enable survival in freezing temperatures.
One of the many accomplishments from pioneering research of the U.S. Antarctic Program was the discovery, in the early sixties, that fish living year-long in subzero temperature are extremely resistant to freezing. The substances that prevent these fish from freezing were isolated, characterized and designated as antifreeze glycoproteins or AFGP. Various kinds of AFGP were isolated from many species of fishes, and in some amphibians, plants and insects. All of the AFGPs share a common characteristic that prevents ice crystals from growing and connecting to each other. Research has also confirmed a cell membrane stabilizing characteristics of native AFGP.
There has been much scientific research done in an attempt to synthetically replicate AFGPs in research institutions because the protective properties of AFGPs could have commercial applications, primarily in food and crop preservation at freezing temperatures. The native antifreeze glycoproteins are very large molecules that are often made up of a repeating series of smaller molecules, glycoproteins. Glycoproteins are often very biologically active, but they are inherently quite unstable. The oxygen-glycosidic link is readily cleaved by glycosidases, resulting in a low bio-availability of these glycoconjugate based molecules.
Scientific research prior to AAGP has focused on building a stable and more efficient compound with a strong bond.
13
AAGP™ – The Core Technology of ProtoKinetix
AAGP™ Invention
Dr. Geraldine Castelot-Deliencourt, along with Dr. Jean-Charles Quirion at the Research Institute of Organic Chemistry in Rouen, France, developed a patented process to stabilize the oxygen-glycosidic bond in these sugar based molecules. This patented process replaces the weaker oxygen bond with a C-F2 mimetic. The resultant molecules are biologically active and stable over a pH range of 2 to 13. They are not broken down by glycosidases.
AAGP™ Toxicity Tests
Tests have shown cells that have been exposed to AAGP™ at low and high concentrations have remained viable. A common viability test used on cell cultures using trypan blue dye exclusion method has been used to show AAGP™ non-toxicity.
AAGP™ Stability Tests
AAGP™ molecules have remained stable when subjected to three tests:
| 1. |
pH ranging from a strong acid level of 1.8 (stronger than stomach acid) to a strong alkali level of 13.8. (the pH scale is calibrated from 1, highly acidic, to 14, highly alkali); | |
| 2. |
Enzymatic action using protease, which targets the amino acid bonds, and glycosidase, which targets the amino acid bonds, and glycosidase, which targets the sugar molecules; and | |
| 3. |
Temperatures ranging from -196°C (cryopreservation) to +37°C (body temperature). |
Stress Tests on 12 Different Cell Lines
Cell lines are selected for their high level of sensitivity. Cell lines are also selected for their potential role in adding value in medical applications, enhancing health and extending life. All tests are designed to explore how cells from different cell lines act biologically in the presence of AAGP™ when subjected to health and life threatening inflammatory stress conditions and agents.
Cell Lines Tested
|
|
Stress Conditions and Agents
Temperature
UV-C Radiation
14
Oxidation
Starvation
Inflammation
Bio-Screening Control Lab Testing
AAGP™ testing is conducted to international standards in outsourced research laboratories in North America and Europe. All tests are designed to explore both the safety and effectiveness of AAGP™ when challenged to enhance the health and extend the life of cells.
Test Results Summary
Cells that were tested in the presence of AAGP™ had a higher survival and viability rate than the controls. The overall effect of AAGP™ is to protect, preserve and in some cases to repair. Anti-inflammatory effects appear to be at work, although the mechanism and pathways of action are not yet determined. AAGP™ appears to enhance heath and extend cell life.
The test results are considered preliminary. The limited number of samples and extent of the tests are designed to investigate the potential attributes of AAGP™ and should not be considered as statistically or scientifically conclusive. Notwithstanding, we feel the results are sufficient to justify further tests by commercial entities in health care.
AAGP™ Commercial Applications
The extent of the value of the ProtoKinetix family of AAGPs™ is being investigated by companies and the Company is targeting commercial entities specializing in regenerative medicine, cellular and tissue therapies, organ transplantation, trauma, blood product banking, anti- inflammation and cosmetics/skin care.
Skincare and Cosmetics
Industry sources estimate that the skincare market in the USA, including both mass and prestige, will reach $7.2 billion by 2010, driven in part by expected double-digit growth of anti-aging products, which is likely to become the second largest category behind hand & body lotions in the industry.
According to the Johnson and Johnson 2003 Annual Report, the global skin care and cosmetics market is already running easily in the tens of billions at some $43 billion dollars per year.
In the skin care business it’s about healthier, younger looking skin. The two major causes of dry, wrinkled, less elastic or even diseased skin are inflammation and oxidation. The main culprits are the sun (UV rays and free radicals) and other environmental and physiological stresses that also cause inflammation and oxidation.
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When AAGP™ is combined with Coenzyme Q10 a powerful anti-oxidant effect is achieved that not only protects but also seems to help the cells repair previously existing damage. In vitro laboratory tests have shown the AAGP™ molecules can protect in vitro skin cells from damage and death that would otherwise occur from UV rays and free radicals. To the extent of the laboratory tests conducted, AAGP™ appears to protect in vitro skin cells from cold temperatures, oxidation, UV irradiation and pH variations.
Health Care
Acute medical problems are increasingly reliant on, and benefit from, solutions that can deal with the fundamental factors of inflammation and oxidation. Both are well-known causes of life-threatening conditions and diseases, and accelerated aging. In addition many acute medical problems are benefiting from cell therapies and transplantation of cells, tissues and time sensitive organs.
Health Care Applications of AAGP™ fall into two main categories: (i) harvesting, storage and transplanting cells, tissues and organs; and (ii) treatments for conditions and disease caused by stress factors, including UV radiation, oxidation and inflammation. These are all areas that expand into many sub-categories of existing and future health care solutions.
Intellectual Property
Because it is difficult and costly to protect our proprietary rights, we may not be able to ensure their protection. Our commercial success will depend in part on maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection for our products, as well as successfully defending these patents against third-party challenges. We will only be able to protect our technologies from unauthorized use by third parties to the extent that valid and enforceable patents or trade secrets cover them.
The patent positions of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions for which important legal principles remain unresolved. No consistent policy regarding the breadth of claims allowed in pharmaceutical or biotechnology patents has emerged to date in the United States. The patent situation outside the United States is even more uncertain. Changes in either the patent laws or in interpretations of patent laws in the United States and other countries may diminish the value of our intellectual property. Accordingly, we cannot predict the breadth of claims that may be allowed or enforced in our patents or in third-party patents.
Patents
As of the date of this Report, our development agents, including the parties we have licensed AAGP™ technologies from, have applied to receive patents for technologies we have licensed and continue to primarily base our research efforts on. At present, we have engaged the patent law firm of Cabinet-Moutard of Versaille, France, and have filed a number of international patent applications. These patent applications include:
WO 2004/014928 A2 (19 February 2004)
PCT Int. Appl. (2006), 87 pp. WO2006059227 A1 20060608 AN 2006:538719
Patent application: Fr 03 May 2006, 06 03952
Consistent with our agreements with the licensors of various technologies we license, we have no finished commercial product or products, and have received no final patents awards or FDA approvals for any product or diagnostic procedures. We are focused on the research and development of one primary compound known as AAGP™, which we have filed a trademark application for.
Subject to our available financial resources, our intellectual property strategy is: (1) to pursue licenses, trade secrets, and know-how within our primary research areas, and (2) to develop and acquire proprietary positions to reagents and new platforms for the development of products related to these technologies.
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Trade Secrets and Know-How
We have developed a substantial body of trade secrets and know-how relating to the development, use and manufacture of AAGP™, including but not limited to the optimization of materials for efforts, and how to maximize sensitivity, speed-to-result, specificity, stability, purity and reproducibility.
Super Antibody and Catalytic Antibody Platform Technologies
We continue to own the rights to both the Super Antibody and the Catalytic Antibody platform technologies. We plan to, as a secondary priority and subject to available resources, search for a patentable receptor sites that exist on cancer cells.
Competition
The markets that we are focusing on are multi-billion dollar international industries. They are intensely competitive. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have greater financial, research, manufacturing, and marketing resources.
Industry competition in general is based on the following:
We believe our scientific and technological capabilities are significant.
Our ability to develop our research is in large measure dependent on having sufficient and additional resources and/or collaborative relationships.
Our access to capital is more challenging, relative to most of our competitors. This is a competitive disadvantage. We believe however that our access to capital may increase as we get closer to the development of a commercially viable product.
We believe that our research has enabled us to attract and retain qualified consultants. Because of the greater financial resources of many of our competitors, we may not be able to complete effectively for the same individuals to the extent that a competitor uses its substantial resources to attract any such individuals.
Employees
We currently have no full time employees. We operate with a skeletal management team of consultants headed by our Chief Executive Officer Ross Senior. In addition, we receive advice and counsel from our Business and Scientific Advisory Board.
Governmental Regulation
Our AAGPs™ have commercial applications in markets and circumstances that fall under government regulations ranging from none to limited to extensive.
Although there is no such immediate need to make any regulatory filing in the United States or other jurisdictions, we have limited or no experience with regard to obtaining FDA or other required regulatory approvals. We intend to retain the services of appropriately experiences consultants. For this reason, should our research efforts continue to show promise, we will need to hire consultants to assist the Company with such governmental regulations.
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As we continue to conduct research and testing programs, in collaboration with commercial entities, to expand and confirm the potential medical applications of AAGP™ in the a number of fields, including regenerative medicine, cell therapy, blood products, transplants and skin care/cosmetics, we intend to utilize the regulatory expertise of others, whether they are consultants or commercial entities involved on collaborative development programs with the Company.
The following discussion relates to factors that may come into play when and if we have a commercially viable product in an area which requires regulatory approval. These products may be regulated by the European regulatory agencies, FDA, U.S. Department of Agriculture, certain state and local agencies, and/or comparable regulatory bodies in other countries (collectively, these agencies shall be referred to as the "Agencies"). Government regulation affects almost all aspects of development, production, and marketing, including product testing, authorizations to market, labeling, promotion, manufacturing, and record keeping. The FDA and U.S. Department of Agriculture regulated products require some form of action by that agency before they can be marketed in the United States, and, after approval or clearance, the products must continue to comply with other FDA requirements applicable to marketed products. Both before and after approval or clearance, failure to comply with the FDA’s requirements can lead to significant penalties. Our proposed AAGP™ products will require government regulatory approval as a biologic agent. Such regulatory approval will be granted only after the appropriate preclinical and clinical studies are conducted to confirm efficacy and safety.
Every company that manufactures biologic products or medical devices distributed in the United States must comply with the FDA’s Quality System Regulations. These regulations govern the manufacturing process, including design, manufacture, testing, release, packaging, distribution, documentation, and purchasing. Compliance with the Quality System Regulations is required before the FDA will approve an application. These requirements also apply to marketed products. Companies are also subject to other post-market and general requirements, including compliance with restrictions imposed on marketed products, compliance with promotional standards, record keeping, and reporting of certain adverse reactions or events. The FDA regularly inspects companies to determine compliance with the Quality System Regulations and other post-approval requirements. Failure to comply with statutory requirements and the FDA’s regulations can lead to substantial penalties, including monetary penalties, injunctions, product recalls, seizure of products, and criminal prosecution.
The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 prohibits laboratories from performing in vitro tests for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or the assessment of, the health of human beings unless there is in effect for such laboratories a certificate issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services applicable to the category of examination or procedure performed. Although a certificate is not required, we consider the applicability of the requirements of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act in the potential design and development of its products.
We are also subject to regulations in foreign countries governing products, human clinical trials and marketing, and may need to obtain approval or evaluations by international public health agencies, such as the World Health Organization, in order to sell products in certain countries. Approval processes vary from country to country, and the length of time required for approval or to obtain other clearances may in some cases be longer than that required for U.S. governmental approvals. The extent of potentially adverse governmental regulation affecting ProtoKinetix that might arise from future legislative or administrative action cannot be predicted.
Environmental Laws
To date, we have not encountered any costs relating to compliance with any environmental laws.
Plan of Operation
Our current operations are centered around our relationships with various research and development consultants who are conducting research on behalf of the company at discrete and established laboratories in various parts of the world. We intend to continue these efforts throughout 2011.
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Recent Developments
The Company is currently both negotiating and engaged with a number of companies under collaboration and material transfer agreements for the purposes of research and product development and out-licensing.
The companies are working in mutually exclusive areas.
Sales and Marketing
Although there are no revenues currently being generated through dales of AAGP, we are actively marketing AAGP though collaborations and applications development initiatives as described in the recent developments section above.
Results of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2011 compared to March 31, 2010 are as follows:
We had $nil in net revenues for the period ending March 31, 2011.
Operating expenses from continuing operations and net loss were $446,002 for the three month period ending March 31, 2011 compared to $173,121 for the three months ending March 31, 2010. These expenses were primarily incurred for professional fees, consulting services related to the operations of the Company's business, specifically, research and development related expenses, and other general and administrative expenses. Significant changes from the prior three month period include;
Professional fees decreased by $276 from $4,676 to $4,400 primarily as a result of a reduction in activity with our legal council.
Consulting fees decreased by $55,476 from $123,065 to $67,589 as a result of fewer consulting agreements entered into by the company in 2011.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At March 31, 2011, we had $1,809 in cash and $21,983 in total current assets. In the event that we need to raise additional capital, there can be no assurance that we will be able to raise capital from outside sources in sufficient amounts to fund our new business.
The failure to secure adequate outside funding would have an adverse affect on our plan of operation and results therefrom and a corresponding negative impact on shareholder liquidity.
Inflation
Although management expects that our operations will be influenced by general economic conditions, we do not believe that inflation had a material effect on our results of operations for the period ending March 31, 2011.
Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The history of losses and the inability for the Company to make a profit from selling a good or service has raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. In spite of the fact that the current cash obligations of the Company are relatively minimal, given the cash position of the Company, we have very little cash to operate. We intend to fund the Company and attempt to meet corporate obligations by selling common stock. However the Company's common stock is at a low price and is not actively traded.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, the Company is a smaller reporting company, and as such, is not required to provide the information required under this item
ITEM 4T. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC. Disclosure controls are also designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on the evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures” has concluded that, as of March 31, 2011, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the existence of several material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, as discussed below.
Changes in internal controls
There were no significant changes in the Company’s internal controls or other factors that could significantly affect the Company’s internal controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation.
PART II
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are not party to any legal proceedings and to our knowledge, no such proceedings are threatened or contemplated against us.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Not Applicable.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
On January 25, 2010, we issued 1,095,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
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On January 25, 2010, we issued a total of 1,250,000 common shares and warrants to investors in connection with a private placement for a total sales price of $125,000. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On March 16, 2010, we issued 600,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On April 1, 2010, we issued 250,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On May 13, 2010, we issued 922,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On June 15, 2010, we issued 200,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On July 1, 2010, we issued 650,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On July 14, 2010, we issued 200,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On August 19, 2010, we issued 300,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On September 8, 2010, we issued a total of 750,000 common shares and warrants to investors in connection with a private placement for a total sales price of $75,000. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On September 8, 2010, we issued a total of 250,000 common shares and warrants to an investor to settle $25,000 of short term loan. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On September 15, 2010, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized to issue 7,600,000 shares to the Company’s directors, officers and consultants.
On October 1, 2010, we issued 250,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
On December 30, we issued 583,000 common shares to a consultant in connection with a consulting agreement. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On January 26, 2011, we issued 9,000,000 common shares to settle convertible debt. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
On March 8, 2010, we issued 550,000 common shares to consultants in connection with consulting agreements. These issuances were made in lieu of cash payments for services rendered and were considered exempt transactions under Regulation S.
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On April 21, 2011, we issued a total of 250,000 common shares and warrants to settle $25,000 share subscription received from investors in connection with a private placement for a total sales price of $25,000. These issuances were considered exempt transactions under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Pursuant to Item 3.02 of Form 8-K, because the Company is a small business issuer and all of the above issuances, in the aggregate, equal less than 5% of the number of common shares issued and outstanding (based on the number of issued and outstanding shares identified in the Company's last periodic report), these sales were not reported in a Form 8-K.
ITEM 3. DEFAULT UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to our security holders for a vote during the quarter ended March 31, 2011.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
None
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K.
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Signatures
In accordance with Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Protokinetix, Inc.
/s/ Ross L. Senior
____________________________
By: Ross L. Senior
Its: President, CEO
and CFO
In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signatures | Title | Date | ||
| /s/Ross L. Senior | Chief Executive Officer, President, and | May 15, 2011 | ||
| Ross L. Senior | Chief Financial Officer |
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