The shareholders will also transact any other business that may properly come before the annual meeting and any adjournment or postponement of the annual meeting. In addition, Flowers Foods’ senior management team will report on the performance of the company and respond to questions from shareholders.

Important note: If you plan to attend the annual meeting, you must follow these instructions to gain admission.

A proxy is your legal designation of another person to vote the shares of Flowers Foods common stock you own as of the record date for the annual meeting. If you appoint someone as your proxy in a written document, that document is also called a proxy or a proxy card. We have designated three of our executive officers as proxies for the annual

meeting. These three officers are Allen L. Shiver, our president and chief executive officer, R. Steve Kinsey, our executive vice president and chief financial officer, and Stephen R. Avera, our executive vice president, secretary and general counsel.

Yes. Under SEC rules and regulations, Flowers Foods is making this proxy statement and its 2016 annual report available to its shareholders electronically on the Internet at www.proxyvote.com. On or about April 11, 2017, we mailed to our shareholders a notice (the “Notice”) containing instructions on how to access this proxy statement and our 2016 annual report online. If you received a Notice by mail, you will not receive a printed copy of the proxy materials in the mail. Rather, the

Notice instructs you on how to access and review all of the important information contained in this proxy statement and our 2016 annual report on the Internet. The Notice also instructs you on how you may submit your proxy vote over the Internet.

If you received a Notice by mail but would like to receive a printed copy of this proxy statement and our 2016 annual report, please follow the instructions contained on the Notice.

By executing and returning your proxy (either by returning the proxy card or by submitting your proxy electronically by the Internet or telephone), you appoint Allen L. Shiver, R. Steve Kinsey and Stephen R. Avera to represent you at the annual meeting and to vote your shares at the annual meeting in accordance with your voting instructions. The Internet and telephone voting procedures are designed to authenticate shareholder identities, allow shareholders to give voting instructions and confirm that shareholders’ instructions have been recorded properly. Any shareholder voting by Internet or telephone should understand that there may be costs associated with electronic access, like usage charges from Internet access and telephone or cable service providers, that must be paid by the shareholder.

Yes. You can change your vote and revoke your proxy at any time before the polls close at the annual meeting by doing any one of the following things:

Your attendance at the annual meeting alone will not revoke your proxy.

If you participate in the Flowers Foods, Inc. 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan (the “401(k) Plan”) and you received the Notice, you may vote by the Internet or telephone as previously described in this proxy statement. If you elect to receive your proxy materials by mail, you may vote by completing and signing the enclosed proxy card and promptly mailing it in the enclosed postage-paid envelope. In addition, if you received a Notice by mail but would like to receive a printed copy of this proxy statement and our 2016 annual report, please follow the instructions contained on the Notice. By voting, you will direct Great-

West Trust Company, LLC, as trustee of the 401(k) Plan (the “Trustee”), how to vote the shares of Flowers Foods common stock allocated to your account. Any unvoted or unallocated shares will be voted by the Trustee in the same proportion on each proposal as the Trustee votes the shares of common stock credited to the 401(k) Plan participants’ accounts for which the Trustee receives voting directions from the 401(k) Plan participants. The number of shares you are eligible to vote is based on the number of shares of Flowers Foods common stock in your account on the record date for the annual meeting.

If your shares of Flowers Foods common stock are held in “street name” through a bank, broker or other record holder, you will receive instructions from the registered holder that you must follow in order for your shares to be voted for you by that bank, broker or other record holder. Internet and telephone voting are offered to shareholders who own their shares of Flowers Foods common stock through certain banks and brokers.

The election of directors (Proposal I), the advisory vote on the compensation of the Named Executives (Proposal II), the advisory vote on the frequency of future advisory votes on the compensation of the Named Executives (Proposal III) and the shareholder proposal regarding whether the chairman of the board of directors should be independent,

if properly presented at the annual meeting (Proposal V), are considered non-discretionary matters under applicable NYSE Rules. A broker or other nominee cannot vote without instructions on non-discretionary matters, and therefore there may be broker “non-votes” on Proposal I, Proposal II, Proposal III and Proposal V. The ratification of the appointment of our independent registered public accounting firm for fiscal 2017 (Proposal IV) is considered a discretionary matter under applicable rules, and a broker or other nominee may (but is not required to) vote “FOR” Proposal IV without instructions. Accordingly, it is important that you follow the voting instructions sent to you by the registered holder of your shares held in “street name” if you want your vote to be counted.

Broker “non-votes” will be counted as present in determining whether the quorum requirement is satisfied but will not be included in vote totals and generally will not affect the outcome of the vote. A “non-vote” occurs when a nominee holding shares for a beneficial owner does not vote on a proposal because the nominee has not received instructions from the beneficial owner and does not have discretionary power to vote.

In order for your shares to be voted on all matters presented at the annual meeting, including the election of directors, we urge all shareholders whose shares are held in street name by a bank, broker or other record holder to provide voting instructions to the bank, broker or other record holder.

The holders of at least a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote at the annual meeting are required to be present in person or represented by proxy to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at the annual meeting. Abstentions and broker “non-votes” will be counted as present in determining whether the quorum requirement is satisfied. The aggregate number of votes cast by all shareholders present

in person or represented by proxy at the annual meeting, whether those shareholders vote for or against the proposals, and the total number of votes cast for each of these proposals will be counted for purposes of determining whether the proposals have been approved by the shareholders.

Yes. If you are a registered shareholder or if you participate in the 401(k) Plan, go to the company’s website, www.flowersfoods.com, and follow the instructions for signing up for electronic delivery of proxy materials. Those shareholders signing up for this service will receive all future proxy materials, including the Notice, proxy statement and annual report electronically. Please call Lisa Hay, our manager of shareholder relations, at (229) 226-9110 if you need assistance.

If you hold your shares in a brokerage account or bank you may also have the opportunity to receive these documents electronically. Please contact your brokerage service, bank or financial advisor to make arrangements for electronic delivery of your proxy materials.

Rhonda Gass, age 53, has served as vice president and chief information officer for Stanley Black & Decker since 2012 and was named an executive officer of the company the same year. Mrs. Gass is responsible for Stanley Black & Decker’s comprehensive and cross business unit IT strategy, delivery and support, and security infrastructure. She also leads the functional transformation activities for the company, focusing on effectiveness and efficiency. Previously, she was vice president of strategy, technology, and governance for Dell, where she worked for 12 years in positions of increasing scope and responsibility. Ms. Gass brings extensive strategic and information technology experience to the board of directors.

Benjamin H. Griswold, IV, age 76, is partner and chairman of Brown Advisory. Mr. Griswold retired in February 2005 as senior chairman of Deutsche Bank Securities, a position he had held since 1999. Prior to that time, Mr. Griswold held several positions with Alex. Brown & Sons, ultimately being elected the firm’s chairman of the board. Following the merger of Alex. Brown and Bankers Trust New York, he became senior chairman of BT Alex. Brown, which was acquired by Deutsche Bank in 1999. Mr. Griswold also served on the board of the New York Stock Exchange, completing his term in 1999. He has been non-executive chairman of W.P. Carey Inc. (NYSE) since 2012 and a director since 2006. Previously he served as a director of Stanley Black & Decker, Inc. (NYSE) from 2001 until his retirement from the board effective April 20, 2016, and is a trustee emeritus of Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Griswold has extensive experience in investment banking, corporate finance and strategic planning.

Richard Lan, age 62, Mr. Lan spent 20 years with Maple Leaf Foods/Canada Bread Ltd., Canada’s largest food processing company. He was chief operating officer of Maple Leaf Food Group, which included both Maple Leaf’s animal protein and bakery businesses. Lan also served as chief executive officer of Canada Bread Ltd., which was publicly traded and 90% owned by Maple Leaf Foods until it was sold in 2014. Prior to his career with Maple Leaf, Lan held management positions at other food and beverage companies, including Dell Products Corp. and McCain Foods, Ltd. Mr. Lan has management, operational and financial experience as the chief operating officer and chief executive officer of publicly traded companies.

Margaret G. Lewis, age 63, is the retired president of HCA’s Capital Division, which includes facilities in northern, central and southwestern Virginia, New Hampshire, Indiana and Kentucky, and has served as a director of the company since May 2014. She began her career with HCA in 1978 and held several positions in nursing management and quality management before becoming chief nursing officer of HCA’s Richmond Division in 1997. Ms. Lewis became chief operating officer of CJW Medical Center in 1998 and chief executive officer in 2001. She is a registered nurse and a diplomat of the American College of Healthcare Executives. Ms. Lewis has served as a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond since September 2013. She previously served as a director of Smithfield Foods from 2011 to 2013. Ms. Lewis brings extensive leadership experience and management skills to the board of directors. Her variety of senior management roles provides expertise in executive decision-making and strategic planning.

Amos R. McMullian, age 79, chairman emeritus of Flowers Foods, retired as chairman of the board of directors of Flowers Foods effective January 1, 2006, a position he had held since November 2000. He previously served as chief executive officer of Flowers Foods from November 2000 to January 2004. Mr. McMullian previously served as chairman of the board of directors of Flowers Industries, Inc. from 1985 until March 2001 and as its chief executive officer from 1981 until March 2001. Mr. McMullian previously served on the board of directors of Hughes Supply (2001-2006). Mr. McMullian has extensive operational and financial experience as an executive in various capacities during his 50-year career with the company, 24 years of which he served as the chief executive officer. Mr. McMullian joined the company in 1963.

J.V. Shields, Jr., age 79, has been chairman of Wellington Shields & Co., LLC, a diversified financial services company and member of the New York Stock Exchange, since 2009, following the merger of Shields & Co. with H.G. Wellington & Co. Prior to the merger, Mr. Shields had been chairman of the board of directors and chief executive officer of Shields & Co. since 1982. Mr. Shields also is chairman of Capital Management Associates, Inc., and chairman of Wellington Shields Capital Management LLC, both registered investment advisors, and was chairman and director of The BBH Funds, the Brown Brothers Harriman mutual funds group, from 1990-January 2014. He has served as a director of Flowers Foods since March 2001, and he previously served as a director of Flowers Industries, Inc. from March 1989 until March 2001. Mr. Shields has extensive corporate finance and investing experience and has operational and financial experience from his service as a chief executive officer of Shields & Co.

Allen L. Shiver, age 61, was elected president and chief executive officer of the company effective May 22, 2013 and has served as a director of the company since that date. Mr. Shiver was president of Flowers Foods from January 2010 to May 22, 2013. Mr. Shiver previously served as executive vice president and chief marketing officer of Flowers Foods from May 2008 to January 2010. He previously served as president and chief operating officer of the warehouse delivery segment from April 2003 until May 2008. Prior to that, he served as president and chief operating officer of Flowers Snack from July 2002 until April 2003. Prior to that, Mr. Shiver served as executive vice president of Flowers Bakeries from 1998 until 2002, as a regional vice president of Flowers Bakeries in 1998 and as president of Flowers Baking Company of Villa Rica from 1995 until 1998. Prior to that time, Mr. Shiver served in various sales and marketing positions at Flowers Bakeries. Mr. Shiver joined the company in 1979. Mr. Shiver has extensive operational and financial experience as an executive in various capacities during his over 33-year career with the company.

David V. Singer, age 61, is the retired chief executive officer of Snyder’s-Lance, Inc. (NASDAQ), a position he served in from 2010, following the merger of Lance, Inc. and Snyder’s of Hanover, Inc, to 2014. He previously served as the president and chief executive officer of Lance, Inc. from 2005 until the merger with Snyder’s in 2010. He was the executive vice president and chief financial officer of Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated, Charlotte, NC, from 2001 until 2005 and vice president and chief financial officer of Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated from 1987 until 2001. Mr. Singer was a director of Snyder’s-Lance, Inc. from 2010 to 2014 and previously served as a director of Lance, Inc. from 2003-2010. He joined Flowers Foods’ board of directors on January 1, 2010. Mr. Singer was elected as a director of SPX Flow, Inc. (NYSE) in 2015, having served previously as a director of its former parent company, SPX Corporation (NYSE) since 2013. He also has served as a director of Brunswick Corporation (NYSE) and as a director of Hanesbrands, Inc. (NYSE) since 2014. Mr. Singer has management and financial experience as well as operational and financial experience as the chief executive officer of a publicly traded consumer products company.

James T. Spear, age 62, joined the company’s board of directors on January 1, 2015. Mr. Spear is the retired executive vice president and chief financial officer of Cadence Health, where he served from 2006 to 2012. Prior to that Mr. Spear served as vice president finance at Keebler Foods and also operated an independent advisory and consulting business. Since his retirement, Mr. Spear has periodically engaged in various consulting activities. Mr. Spear also currently serves on the board of directors of both The Trust Company of Illinois and The Trinity Forum. He also serves on the board of advisors to the Wheaton College Center for Faith, Politics, and Economics, where he also serves as an adjunct professor. Since 2013, the National Association of Corporate Directors has designated Mr. Spear as a Board Leadership Fellow. Mr. Spear has extensive food and health care industry, and leadership experience with public and private companies along with expertise in acquisitions and divestitures, financial reporting and auditing, corporate finance, risk management, information technology, investor relations, and strategic planning.

Melvin T. Stith, Ph.D., age 70, is dean emeritus of the Whitman School of Management at Syracuse University in New York. From June 2013 until he retired in December 2015, he was professor of marketing at the Whitman School of Management. He previously served as dean of the Whitman School of Management from 2005 to 2013. Prior to that time, he was dean of the College of Business at Florida State University and the Jim Moran Professor of Business Administration. He also is a director of Synovus Financial Corp. (NYSE) (1998-present) and Aflac Incorporated (NYSE) (2012-present). Dr. Stith previously served as a director of Keebler Foods Company from 1999 to 2001. He has served as a director of Flowers Foods since July 2004. Dr. Stith has a significant background in marketing and accounting, has a high level of financial literacy and brings a unique academic perspective to the board of directors.

C. Martin Wood III, age 73, has been a partner in Wood Associates, a private investment firm, since January 2000. He retired as senior vice president and chief financial officer of Flowers Industries, Inc. on January 1, 2000, a position that he had held since 1978. Mr. Wood has served as a director of Flowers Foods since March 2001 and he previously served as a director of Flowers Industries, Inc. from 1975 until March 2001. Mr. Wood joined the company in 1970. Mr. Wood also serves as senior active trustee on the board of Archbold Medical Center and as a trustee for the Archbold Foundation. Mr. Wood has a high degree of financial literacy and extensive knowledge of the company gained through his 43 years of service with the company, 22 of which he served as its chief financial officer.

We believe that good corporate governance is essential to ensure that the company is effectively managed for the long-term benefit of our shareholders. We have thoroughly reviewed our corporate governance policies and practices and compared them with those recommended by corporate governance advisors and the policies and practices of other publicly-held companies.

Based upon this review we have adopted the following corporate governance documents:

You can access the full text of all these corporate governance documents on our website at www.flowersfoods.com by clicking on the “Investor Center” tab and selecting “Corporate Governance.” You can also receive a copy of these documents by writing to Flowers Foods, Inc., 1919 Flowers Circle, Thomasville, Georgia 31757, Attention: Investor Relations Department.

Pursuant to our corporate governance guidelines, the nominating/corporate governance committee and the board of directors are required to annually review the independence of each director and director-nominee. During this review, transactions and relationships among each director and director-nominee or any member of his or her immediate family and the company are considered, including, among others, all commercial, industrial, banking, consulting, legal, accounting, charitable and familial relationships and those reported in this proxy statement under “Transactions with Management and Others.” In addition, transactions and relationships among directors or director-nominees or their affiliates and members of senior management and their affiliates are examined. The purpose of this annual review is to determine whether each director and director-nominee meets the applicable criteria for independence in accordance with the SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines. Only those directors who meet the applicable criteria for independence and the board of directors affirmatively determines to have no direct or indirect material relationship with the company are considered independent directors.

As part of our corporate governance guidelines, we have adopted categorical standards which provide that certain relationships will be considered material relationships and will preclude a director’s independence. Under these standards, an “independent” director is one who:

The nominating/corporate governance committee and the board of directors conducted the required annual independence review in February 2017. Upon the recommendation of the nominating/corporate governance committee, the board of directors affirmatively determined that a majority of our directors and director-nominees are independent of the company and its management as required by the SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines. Messrs. Griswold, Lan, McMullian, Shields, Singer, Spear, Stith and Wood and Mses. Lewis and Gass are independent director-nominees and Messrs. Beverly and Burke were independent directors prior to their retirement in May of 2016. Mr. Deese is considered an inside director

because of the proximity of his employment with the company as executive chairman and Mr. Shiver is an inside director because he is currently the president and chief executive officer of the company. Each director and director-nominee abstained from voting on his or her own independence.

The foregoing discussion of director independence is applicable only to service as a member of the board of directors, the compensation committee and the nominating/corporate governance committee. Additional guidelines apply to the members of the audit committee under the SEC rules and regulations and NYSE Rules.

Pursuant to our corporate governance guidelines, the board of directors created the position of “presiding director,” whose primary responsibilities are to preside over periodic executive sessions of the board of directors in which management directors and other members of management do not participate and to:

Each year at the meeting of the board of directors following the annual meeting, a presiding director is appointed among the independent directors to serve until the company’s annual meeting of shareholders the following year. On May 26, 2016, Benjamin H. Griswold, IV was appointed to serve as the presiding director until the 2017 annual meeting of shareholders.

In accordance with the company’s amended and restated bylaws, the board of directors has set the number of members of the board of directors at twelve. The board of directors held nine meetings in fiscal 2016, and no incumbent director attended fewer than 75% of the aggregate of:

The board of directors has established several standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee, a compensation committee and a finance committee. The board of directors has adopted a written charter for each of these committees, all of which are available on the company’s website at www.flowersfoods.com.

Under the terms of its charter, the audit committee represents and assists the board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to:

The audit committee’s duties and responsibilities include:

The board of directors has determined that all audit committee members serving during 2016 are or were “independent” under the SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines. Messrs. Beverly and Burke retired from the board of directors and the audit committee effective at the 2016 annual meeting of shareholders. Mr. Lan and Ms. Gass have been elected to the audit committee and both are independent under the SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines.

The board of directors has also determined that Mr. Spear is an “audit committee financial expert” under Item 407(d)(5) of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933. Each member of the audit committee is financially literate, knowledgeable and qualified to review financial statements.

Under the terms of its charter, the nominating/corporate governance committee is responsible for considering and making recommendations to the board of directors with regard to the function and needs of the board of directors, and the review and development of our corporate governance guidelines. In fulfilling its duties, the nominating/corporate governance committee shall:

The board of directors has determined that all members of the nominating/corporate governance committee are “independent” under the SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines. For information relating to nomination of directors by shareholders, please see “— Selection of Director-Nominees.”

Under the terms of its charter, the compensation committee has overall responsibility for evaluating and approving the company’s compensation plans, policies and programs. The compensation committee’s duties and responsibilities include:

For fiscal 2016, the compensation committee completed its annual review of our compensation philosophies and practices with respect to our employees and concluded that the risks arising from such policies and practices are not reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on us. While risk is inherent in any strategy for growth, the company’s compensation programs minimize risk through the following design elements, among others:

The board of directors has determined that all members of the compensation committee are “independent” under SEC rules and regulations, NYSE Rules and our corporate governance guidelines.

Under the terms of its charter, the finance committee reviews and makes recommendations with respect to financial matters affecting the company. The finance committee’s duties and responsibilities include:

Mr. Deese, our former executive chairman of the board of directors, is non-executive chairman and continues to provide guidance regarding the strategic direction of the company. Mr. Shiver, in his role as president and chief executive officer, has primary responsibility for the day-to-day operations of the company. In his role as non-executive chairman of the board of directors, Mr. Deese continues to set the strategic priorities for the board of directors (with input from the presiding director), preside over its meetings and communicate its strategic findings and guidance to management. The board of directors believes that the close working relationship between the president and chief executive officer and non-executive chairman of the board of directors will continue to provide consistent communication and coordination throughout the organization, which results in a more effective and efficient implementation of corporate strategy. The board of directors further believes that Mr. Deese’s continued active role on the board of directors is important in unifying the

company’s strategy behind a consistent vision as the company transitions through its established succession plans.

As noted earlier, the independent non-management directors appointed Mr. Griswold as independent presiding director in fiscal 2016, which provides balance to the board’s leadership structure. With a supermajority of independent directors, an audit committee, compensation committee, nominating/corporate governance committee and finance committee each comprised entirely of independent directors, and an independent presiding director to oversee all meetings of the non-management directors, the company’s board of directors believes the existing leadership structure provides for an appropriate balance that best serves the company and its shareholders. The board of directors annually reviews its leadership structure to ensure that it remains the optimal structure for the company and our shareholders.

The board of directors is actively involved in oversight of risks that could affect the company. This oversight is conducted primarily through the audit committee, as described above and in the audit committee charter, but the full board of directors has retained responsibility for general oversight of risks. Specifically, the board of directors has responsibility for overseeing, reviewing and monitoring the company’s overall risks, and each board committee is responsible for the oversight of specific risk areas relevant to its purpose as provided in the committee charters. The overall responsibility of the board of directors and its committees is enabled by an enterprise risk management model and process implemented by management that is designed to identify, assess, manage and mitigate risks. The board of directors satisfies this responsibility through full reports by each committee chair

regarding the committee’s considerations and actions, as well as through regular reports to the board of directors directly from executive officers responsible for oversight of particular risks within the company. In addition, the compensation committee, nominating/corporate governance committee and finance committee are responsible for the oversight of specific risks, as described above and in each committee’s charter. The company believes that the board’s leadership structure, discussed in detail above, supports the risk oversight function of the board of directors. Strong directors chair the various board committees involved with risk oversight, there is open communication between management and directors and all directors are actively involved in the risk oversight function.

In accordance with our corporate governance guidelines, directors are expected to rigorously prepare for, attend and participate in all meetings of the board of directors and meetings of the committees on which they serve and to devote the time necessary to appropriately discharge their responsibilities. Aside

from these requirements, the company does not maintain a formal policy for attendance by directors at annual meetings of shareholders. However, all of our directors attended the annual meeting of shareholders held on May 26, 2016.

The nominating/corporate governance committee identifies and considers director candidates recommended by its members and other board members, as well as management and shareholders. A shareholder who wishes to recommend a prospective director-nominee

for the committee’s consideration should submit the candidate’s name and qualifications to Flowers Foods, Inc., 1919 Flowers Circle, Thomasville, Georgia 31757, Attention: Executive Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel. The nominating/corporate governance

committee will also consider whether to recommend for nomination any person identified by a shareholder pursuant to the provisions of our amended and restated bylaws relating to shareholder nominations. Recommendations by shareholders that are made in accordance with these procedures will receive the same consideration given to nominees of the nominating/corporate governance committee.

The nominating/corporate governance committee believes that any director-nominee must meet the director qualification criteria set forth in our corporate governance guidelines before such director-nominee can be recommended for election to the board of directors. These factors include:

The nominating/corporate governance committee considers these factors as it deems appropriate, as well as other factors it determines

are pertinent in light of the current needs of the board of directors. The nominating/corporate governance committee may use the services of a third-party executive search firm to assist it in identifying and evaluating possible director-nominees.

On February 17, 2017, the board of directors voted to approve an amendment to the corporate governance guidelines eliminating the mandatory retirement age for directors. In making this determination, the board of directors considered its overall composition, including the qualifications, background and tenure of its current members, and the prospect that the current retirement age could result in the arbitrary or premature loss of valuable, experienced directors with deep knowledge of the operations of the company and a thorough understanding of the company’s history, operations, policies and strategic vision. The board of directors concluded that a specific retirement age may be counterproductive and that it is in the best interests of the company and its shareholders to retain flexibility in electing or reelecting directors without an age restriction. The elimination of the retirement age of 75 resulted in the following directors retaining eligibility for reelection in 2017: Benjamin H. Griswold, IV, age 76, who has been a director of the company since 2005; Amos R. McMullian, age 79, who is chairman emeritus of the company and served as chairman of the board of directors from 2000 to 2006 and chief executive officer of the company from 2000 to 2004; and J.V. Shields, Jr., age 79, who has been a director of the company since 2001. Messrs. Griswold, McMullian and Shields abstained from the vote of directors approving the amendment to the corporate governance guidelines.

The board of directors will give proper attention to written communications that are submitted by shareholders and other interested parties and will respond if appropriate. Shareholders and other interested parties interested in communicating directly with the board of directors as a group, the independent, non-management directors as a group or any individual director may do so by writing to Presiding Director, Flowers Foods, Inc., 1919 Flowers Circle,

Thomasville, GA 31757. Absent circumstances contemplated by committee charters, the chair of the nominating/corporate governance committee and the presiding director, with the assistance of our executive vice president, secretary and general counsel will monitor and review all correspondence from shareholders and other interested parties and provide copies or summaries of such communications to other directors as they deem appropriate.

During 2016, the directors’ compensation package for non-employee directors was based on the following principles:

The nominating/corporate governance committee annually reviews the status of director compensation in relation to other comparable companies and other factors it deems appropriate. In addition, in 2016, the nominating/corporate governance committee engaged Meridian Compensation Partners (“Meridian”), an independent compensation consultant, to assist the committee in its assessment of the competitiveness of director compensation.

Non-employee directors are eligible to participate in the 2014 Omnibus Equity and Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) and the Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (the “EDCP”).

Non-employee directors have the option to convert their annual cash board retainer fees into deferred stock equal in value to the cash payments they would otherwise have received. These deferred shares vest pro rata over a one-year period based on service. Accumulated dividends are paid upon the delivery of the vested shares.

Non-employee directors may alternatively elect to defer all or any portion of their annual retainers and cash committee fees into an interest-bearing account in the EDCP. Generally, the deferral plus interest is paid to the director upon retirement or termination from the company’s board of directors.

In order to align the economic interests of directors with those of shareholders, all directors are expected to hold shares of common stock in the company. A non-employee director must own shares of common stock with a value of at least six times the annual cash retainer paid to the non-employee directors. In addition, the non-executive chairman of the board of directors is required to hold six times his

annual board retainer plus his additional cash retainer. All direct holdings of our common stock, certain indirect holdings, and all vested and unvested shares of deferred stock are included for purposes of determining compliance. Directors have five years to meet the required guidelines. All non-employee directors were in compliance with the guidelines as of August 2016.

A. Ryals McMullian, the son of Amos R. McMullian, a director, was employed by the company throughout fiscal 2016 as vice president of mergers and acquisitions and deputy general counsel. In fiscal 2016 he was paid an aggregate salary and bonus of $261,702 and was granted 3,820 shares of performance-contingent restricted stock pursuant to the Omnibus Plan.

Chris Mulford, the son-in-law of George E. Deese, the non-executive chairman of the board of directors, was employed by the company throughout fiscal 2016 as a plant president. In fiscal 2016, he was paid an aggregate salary and bonus of $159,799 and was granted 1,780 shares of performance- contingent restricted stock pursuant to the Omnibus Plan.

Any transaction between the company and a related party is disclosed to the nominating/corporate governance committee and then presented to the full board of directors for evaluation and approval. The company’s policies with respect to related party transactions are set forth in our corporate governance guidelines, which states that the company does not engage in transactions with related parties if such a transaction would cast into doubt the independence of the director, present the appearance of a conflict of interest or violate any applicable law, rule or regulation. Each of the transactions set forth above were reviewed and approved by the board of directors in accordance with the company’s policies.

Under our pay-for-performance program, our Named Executives earned the following compensation based upon 2016 performance:

The primary objective of our executive compensation program is to attract, retain and motivate qualified executives necessary for the future success of the company and the maximization of shareholder value. Our compensation program is designed to motivate our executives by rewarding them for the achievement of specific annual, long-term and strategic goals of the company. The program aligns our executives’ interests with those of the shareholders by rewarding performance above established goals, with the ultimate objective of improving shareholder value. We strive to foster a sense of ownership among our executives by establishing stock ownership guidelines that require them to maintain ownership of a specified amount of our common stock.

The compensation committee evaluates both performance and compensation to ensure that (i) the company maintains its ability to attract and retain the most qualified executives; (ii) each executive’s compensation remains competitive relative to the compensation paid to similarly situated executives in comparable companies; and (iii) each of the company’s primary objectives with respect to compensation is

being fulfilled. To meet those goals, our compensation program includes three primary components:

Certain retirement and other post-employment benefits are also included in the executives’ compensation package. In addition, see the section entitled “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change of Control” of this proxy statement for details on payments and benefits payable (or realizable) upon termination of employment and a change of control of the company. We do not offer perquisites as part of our executive compensation program.

Each element of our compensation program is described in greater detail below, including a discussion of why the company chooses to pay each element, how we determine the amount of each element to pay and how each element and the company’s decisions regarding that element fit into our overall compensation objectives.

The objectives of our executive compensation program are accomplished through a balance of pay components that are competitive with market practice and place considerable emphasis on performance-based compensation. Salary and non-equity incentive compensation, equity compensation, and other compensation

expressed as a percentage of total compensation for each Named Executive for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 were as shown below. There is no prescribed mix of our compensation elements; the mix below is driven by Relevant Market Data (as defined below) for each element of pay.

The compensation committee, which is comprised entirely of independent directors, has overall responsibility for evaluating, analyzing and approving the company’s compensation plans, policies and programs.

The president and chief executive officer consults with and advises the compensation committee with respect to the company’s compensation philosophy and makes recommendations regarding the compensation of other executive officers including the Named Executives, but not regarding his own compensation. All recommendations of the chief executive officer to the compensation committee regarding

compensation of executive officers are independently evaluated by the committee.

The chief financial officer, or his designee, assists the compensation committee in understanding the key drivers of company performance, particularly those measures used in our annual cash bonus and long-term incentive plans and also provides the compensation committee with regular updates on company performance as it relates to certain performance measures used in our annual cash bonus and long-term incentive plans.

For fiscal 2016, the compensation committee engaged Meridian as its independent compensation consultant. At the compensation committee’s request, Meridian evaluated the competitiveness of the base salaries, annual bonuses and long-term incentives awarded to the Named Executives, provided competitive market data on new compensation arrangements and evaluated the continued appropriateness of existing arrangements. Meridian attended compensation committee meetings at the committee’s request and was available to provide guidance to the compensation committee on compensation questions and issues as they arose.

In December 2016, the compensation committee, in accordance with SEC rules and regulations, considered various factors related to consultant conflicts of interest. In connection with this review, the compensation committee considered the following six factors established by the SEC:

As a result of its review of these six factors, the committee determined that the work of the compensation consultant did not raise any conflicts of interest.

Base salary represents the fixed and recurring part of each Named Executive’s annual compensation. Its objective is to reward experience and expertise, functional progression (i.e., the development of the executive through a series of work experiences and duties and accountabilities relevant to the current position held), career development, skills and competencies. It rewards core competence in the executive role. We choose to pay base salary because it is a standard element of pay for executive positions and is required to attract and retain talent.

We have established a system of tiered salary grades, and executives are assigned an appropriate salary grade considering the position’s internal value as well as external comparisons to the Relevant Market Data. With respect to the position’s “internal value,” we have developed salary grades on the basis that a given position is at least one salary grade below that of the supervising position, which is the only weight assigned to internal value in establishing the salary grades.

Named Executives’ base salaries are related to a salary grade and the base salaries for the grades are determined based on (i) external competitive market base salaries, as determined through benchmarking analysis of the Relevant Market Data and (ii) the internal relationships (i.e., value and progression) of these positions. We periodically make adjustments to the base salaries based on the factors discussed above as well as the performance of the respective Named Executive.

Individual salaries for Named Executives reporting directly to the president and chief executive officer are subject to approval by the compensation committee after consideration of the recommendations he submits. The president and chief executive officer’s salary is subject to review and approval by the compensation committee and the board of directors. Base salaries for all Named Executives are reviewed annually by the compensation committee and the board of directors.

Each Named Executive’s 2016 bonus payment could not exceed the lesser of 150% of his base salary or $3.0 million. The Actual Bonus Percentage would have been zero if actual EBITDA were 80% or less of the EBITDA Goal. This mechanism provided motivation for each Named Executive to strive for improved company performance in 2016 even if the EBITDA Goal itself were not attained.

The company does not pay bonuses under the Omnibus Plan to any Named Executive until such time as the compensation committee has certified the Actual Bonus Percentage and the annual report on Form 10-K for the applicable fiscal year has been filed with the SEC.

In keeping with the compensation committee’s pay-for-performance philosophy, stock-based incentives comprise our entire long-term incentive program and a significant portion of total compensation opportunity for Named Executives. We believe our stock-based incentives, as designed, are fundamental to the enhancement of shareholder value, reward performance over the long-term and align the Named Executives’ interests with those of our shareholders. The 2016 awards under the Omnibus Plan contain elements that helped focus the

Named Executives’ attention on one of the company’s primary goals — the long-term success of the company and, ultimately, the enhancement of shareholder value.

Individual long-term incentive grants are reviewed annually and approved by the compensation committee with reference to the Relevant Market Data it receives from its compensation consultant.

Ongoing Stock-Based Incentive Grants

As in 2015, in 2016 the compensation committee allocated equity-based awards between two types of performance-contingent restricted stock, as described below, and did not grant any stock options. The use of performance-contingent restricted stock is intended to encourage Named Executives to focus on capital investments that produce returns in excess of the Company WACC and that enhance the company’s total shareholder return relative to food industry peers.

The determination of 2016 performance-contingent restricted stock award levels for the Named Executives was based on the Relevant Market Data, the expected allocation of value between types of equity award, and a value of 101.6% of face value for both types of performance-contingent restricted stock.

The 2016 performance-contingent restricted stock agreement (the “Performance Restricted Stock Agreement”) provides the terms and conditions under which the shares of restricted stock will vest. Vesting of the awards occurs approximately two years from the date of grant (after the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K) to the extent that the vesting conditions described below are satisfied.

ROIC-Based Performance-Contingent Restricted Stock Awards. The Performance Restricted Stock Agreement provides that, as to 50% of the restricted stock underlying each executive’s performance-contingent restricted stock award (the “ROIC-Based Award”), vesting will occur in the manner set forth below, if the Company’s ROIC exceeds its WAAC by the following levels during the 24-month performance period ending December 30, 2017 (the “Performance Period”):

For performance between the levels described above, the degree of vesting is interpolated on a linear basis.

TSR-Based Performance-Contingent Restricted Stock Awards. The Performance Restricted Stock Agreement provides that, as to the remaining 50% of the restricted stock underlying each Named Executive’s performance-contingent restricted stock award (the “TSR-Based Award”), vesting will occur based on the company’s performance, measured by Company TSR over the two-year performance period, as compared to the total shareholder return of the companies in a specified peer group (the “TSR Peer Group”).

For 2016, the TSR Peer Group consisted of the following 19 publicly traded packaged food and meats companies:

Hypothetical payouts based on the total shareholder return for the company and each member of the TSR Peer Group are calculated at the end of each of the last four quarters of the Performance Period using the performance/payout schedule below and then averaged to determine the actual payout:

For performance between the percentiles described above, the degree of vesting is interpolated on a linear basis.

Vesting Upon Death, Disability, Retirement or Change of Control. For the 2016 grant, if the grantee dies or becomes disabled, the performance-contingent restricted stock awards generally vest at the

target level immediately. If the grantee retires at age 65 (or age 55 with at least ten years of service with the company) or later, on the normal vesting date the grantee will receive a prorated number of shares based upon the retirement date and actual performance for the entire performance period. For the 2016 grants, “double-trigger” vesting applies if a change of control occurs. In addition to change of control, double-trigger vesting requires either that an award fail to be assumed by a successor employer or that the executive’s employment be terminated under specific circumstances within a specified period of time following the change of control before accelerated vesting can occur.

Dividends. Dividends accrue on the restricted stock and are paid to the executive on the vesting date on all shares of restricted stock that vest. At the time of vesting, the executive will receive the shares of stock and will be liable for his or her portion of all federal and state income and payroll taxes based on the fair market value of the shares awarded on the vesting date.

Timing of Grants. Grants of performance-contingent restricted stock were made on January 3, 2016. It is expected that this timing of

granting awards will continue for consistency and planning purposes. Except in unusual circumstances, we typically do not grant equity awards to the Named Executives at other dates. The grant price of our performance-contingent restricted stock grants is the closing market price on the grant date.

Vesting of 2015 Awards:

The Omnibus Plan provides for the recoupment of grants and bonuses awarded under it. The recoupment policy provides that if the board of directors has reliable evidence of knowing misconduct by a participant that results in an overstatement of the company’s earnings or other financial measurements that were taken into consideration in awarding

grants or bonuses and, as a result of such overstatement, the participant (i) received a bonus and/or (ii) either received a grant or had a prior grant vest or become nonforfeitable, the participant shall be required to reimburse (or forfeit, as the case may be) the full amount of any grants or bonuses that resulted from the overstatement.

We provide retirement benefits to our Named Executives and other executives as noted below. The objective is to provide a competitive array of benefits that is affordable to the company. Retirement benefits reward continued employment and indirectly reward achievement of the metrics in the Omnibus Plan. We choose to pay them to remain competitive in the marketplace and to provide compensation that extends into employees’ non-earning years.

Pension benefits are provided to executives under the Flowers Foods, Inc. Retirement Plan No. 1 (the “Retirement Plan”). The company also provides a defined contribution benefit to executives through the 401(k) Plan and the EDCP.

The Retirement Plan is a qualified defined benefit pension plan that provides a pension upon retirement to eligible employees of participating subsidiaries (but not to employees of the company) that is based upon each year of service with the participating subsidiary until December 31, 2005. Additionally, the Retirement Plan provides a pension upon retirement to eligible employees (including employees of non-participating subsidiaries and of the company) who were participants under the Flowers Industries, Inc. Retirement Plan No. 1 prior to the company’s spin-off from Flowers Industries, Inc., which is based upon each year of service with Flowers Industries, Inc. and/or certain of its subsidiaries. No additional years of credited service have been granted other than for actual years of credited service in the Retirement Plan.

Participation in the Retirement Plan was closed to new employees beginning January 1, 1999, and effective December 31, 2005 benefits under the Retirement Plan were frozen and no additional benefits will accrue under the Retirement Plan. The frozen pension benefit is the sum of annual credits earned during eligible employment. The basic credit formula at the time the Retirement Plan was frozen was 1.35% of the first $10,000 of W-2 earnings (subject to certain exclusions) plus 2% of W-2 earnings (subject to certain exclusions) in excess of $10,000 for each year of service up to 35 years. For each year of service in excess of 35 years, 1.8% of W-2 earnings (subject to certain exclusions) was credited. Earnings in any calendar year may not exceed the maximum limitations for that year as defined in the Internal Revenue Code. Certain additional fixed benefit amounts were provided for a limited group of participants in the Retirement Plan, including certain of the Named Executives.

Benefits can be paid in many forms under the terms of the Retirement Plan, including a life annuity option, joint and survivor option, period certain and life options, and a level income option. Participants who terminate or retire on or after January 1, 2016 may elect an unlimited lump sum. The payout option must be elected by the participant before benefit payments begin. Each available payout option is actuarially equivalent. Early retirement benefit payments are available to participants upon attainment of age 55 and completion of five years of vesting service. A participant’s full benefit under the Retirement Plan is payable at age 65. Benefits are reduced by 1/15 for each of the first five

years and 1/30 for each of the next five years by which benefit commencement precedes age 65. The same benefits are payable upon retirement, termination, or disability with the adjustments described above for commencement before age 65 but on or after age 55. A 50% survivor annuity is payable to a participant’s spouse upon death prior to retirement. All Named Executives have fulfilled the required service period and are either eligible for early retirement benefit payments currently or will become eligible upon attainment of age 55. No payments were made to the Named Executives under the terms of the Retirement Plan during the 2016 fiscal year.

The EDCP provides additional deferred compensation opportunities to certain members of management. In particular, the EDCP allows these members of management to defer the receipt of a percentage of their salary and bonus. The EDCP is not a tax-qualified plan.

The participants’ deferrals are credited to a book keeping account established for the participant that is deemed to be credited with interest until paid. Additionally, the company allocates matching contributions pursuant to the plan on behalf of the participant that are also deemed to be credited with interest until paid.

Interest credited on deemed participant deferrals and company contributions to the EDCP are based on the Merrill Lynch U.S. Corp., BBB-rated Fifteen-Year Bond Index plus 150 basis points. Interest is considered above-market if earned at a rate which is 120% or more of the applicable federal long-term rate. Earnings in the EDCP are interest-based credits that exceed this threshold. The company credits interest at above market rates because participants’ EDCP accounts are unfunded and unsecured and therefore subject to substantial risk of

loss should events ever befall the company causing it to reorganize or liquidate. Amounts deemed to be credited to the EDCP on behalf of the Named Executives amounted to $307,174 in fiscal 2016.

Generally, the deemed deferrals and company contributions plus interest are paid to the participant upon termination of employment. Distributions from the EDCP are made from the company’s general assets. During 2008, participants were given a one-time, irrevocable opportunity to convert their EDCP deemed cash account for some or all prior years’ deferrals to an account that tracks the performance of our common stock. Balances as of the end of the fiscal year for participants making such an election were converted, based on the closing price of our common stock on January 2, 2009. The EDCP tracking account will be distributed in shares of our common stock at the time elected by the participant for the deferral year(s) in question. The EDCP tracking account will be credited with dividends paid on company common stock for the number of shares deemed held in such account, and such dividends will then be deemed to be invested in the cash account and will earn interest as described above.

We maintain change of control severance arrangements with our executives, including the Named Executives, as set forth in the Flowers Foods, Inc. Change of Control Plan (the “Change of Control Plan”). Such arrangements have several business objectives important to the company, including stability of the executive team in the event of a threatened or pending change of control, and post-employment restrictive covenants (non-competition, non-solicitation and trade secret protection, among others). The Change of Control Plan rewards executives for remaining employed with the company on a timetable

convenient to the company rather than to the executive. We choose to make such payments to obtain the business objectives mentioned. The Change of Control Plan provides double-trigger severance at market-level amounts, has no excise tax gross-up provisions and is consistent with current corporate governance norms (see section entitled “Potential Payments upon Termination or Change of Control” in this proxy statement for additional details). In 2015, the compensation committee adopted a policy that, without shareholder approval, future cash severance arrangements may not exceed 2.99 times salary and bonus.

Based on the view of the compensation committee that the ownership of an equity interest in the company by executives, including Named Executives, is a component of good corporate governance and aligns executive and shareholder interests, share ownership guidelines were adopted that require key members of the company’s management team to directly own minimum amounts of the company’s common stock. All direct holdings of our common stock, certain indirect holdings, and all vested and unvested shares of deferred stock are included for purposes of determining compliance. The guidelines for the Named Executives, which were amended by the board of directors in February 2016, are set forth below:

The holdings of each of the Named Executives are currently either at the guideline or on track to meet it, and progress toward the guidelines is reviewed annually by the nominating/corporate governance committee.

Executives subject to the guideline must hold at least 75% of all net shares received through vesting or realized through stock option exercises until the applicable guidelines are achieved.

Companies are not allowed a federal income tax deduction for compensation paid to certain executive officers in excess of $1 million, except to the extent that such compensation constitutes “performance-based compensation” (as defined in Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)). The compensation committee retains the ability to consider factors, including tax

deductibility, as it structures coordinated compensation packages of current and long-term compensation, to retain flexibility in rewarding efforts which prove to be of immediate or future benefit to the company and its shareholders. Certain incentive opportunities in 2016 were structured with the intention to qualify as “performance-based” compensation under Code Section 162(m).