UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2018
OR
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File No.: 0-50231
Federal National Mortgage Association
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Fannie Mae
Federally chartered corporation | 52-0883107 | 3900 Wisconsin Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20016 | (800) 2FANNIE (800-232-6643) |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | (Address of principal executive offices, including zip code) | (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer þ | Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Emerging growth company o | |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ
As of March 31, 2018, there were 1,158,087,567 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | ||
PART I—Financial Information | ||
Item 1. | ||
Item 2. | ||
Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||
Item 3. | ||
Item 4. | ||
PART II—Other Information | ||
Item 1. | ||
Item 1A. | ||
Item 2. | ||
Item 3. | ||
Item 4. | ||
Item 5. | ||
Item 6. | ||
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | i | |
MD&A | Introduction | ||
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
We have been under conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) acting as conservator, since September 6, 2008. As conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of the company, and of any shareholder, officer or director of the company with respect to the company and its assets. The conservator has since provided for the exercise of certain functions by our Board of Directors. Our directors do not have any fiduciary duties to any person or entity except to the conservator and, accordingly, are not obligated to consider the interests of the company, the holders of our equity or debt securities, or the holders of Fannie Mae MBS unless specifically directed to do so by the conservator. | ||
Our conservatorship has no specified termination date. We do not know when or how the conservatorship will terminate, what further changes to our business will be made during or following conservatorship, what form we will have and what ownership interest, if any, our current common and preferred stockholders will hold in us after the conservatorship is terminated or whether we will continue to exist following conservatorship. Congress continues to consider options for reform of the housing finance system, including Fannie Mae. As a result of our agreements with the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) and directives from our conservator, we are not permitted to retain more than $3.0 billion in capital reserves or to pay dividends or other distributions to stockholders other than Treasury. Our agreements with Treasury also include covenants that significantly restrict our business activities. For additional information on the conservatorship, the uncertainty of our future, our agreements with Treasury, and recent actions and statements relating to housing finance reform by the Administration, Congress and FHFA, see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements,” “Business—Legislation and Regulation” and “Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”) and “Legislation and Regulation” and “Risk Factors” in this report. | ||
You should read this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes in this report and the more detailed information in our 2017 Form 10-K. You can find a “Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in the MD&A of our 2017 Form 10-K.
This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to significant uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Please review “Forward-Looking Statements” for more information on these forward-looking statements. Our actual results may differ materially from those reflected in our forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Introduction | ||||
Fannie Mae provides a stable source of liquidity to the mortgage market and increases the availability and affordability of housing in the United States. We operate in the secondary mortgage market, primarily working with lenders. We do not originate loans or lend money directly to consumers in the primary mortgage market. Instead, we securitize mortgage loans originated by lenders into Fannie Mae mortgage-backed securities that we guarantee (which we refer to as Fannie Mae MBS); purchase mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities, primarily for securitization and sale at a later date; and engage in other activities that increase the supply of affordable housing. Our common stock is traded in the OTCQB market and quoted under the ticker symbol “FNMA.”
Through our single-family and multifamily business segments, we provided $124 billion in liquidity to the mortgage market in the first quarter of 2018, which enabled the financing of 638,000 home purchases, refinancings or rental units.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 1 | |
MD&A | Introduction | ||
Fannie Mae Provided $124 Billion in Liquidity in the First Quarter of 2018
Executive Summary | ||||
Summary of Our Financial Performance
We recognized net income of $4.3 billion and comprehensive income of $3.9 billion in the first quarter of 2018 compared with comprehensive and net income of $2.8 billion in the first quarter of 2017.
The increase in our net income was primarily driven by the shift to fair value gains in the first quarter of 2018 from fair value losses in the first quarter of 2017. Fair value gains in the first quarter of 2018 were primarily driven by:
• | increases in the fair value of our mortgage commitment derivatives due to rising interest rates; and |
• | increases in the fair value of our risk management derivatives due to an increase in longer-term swap rates. |
See “MD&A—Consolidated Results of Operations” for more information on our financial results.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 2 | |
MD&A | Executive Summary | ||
Net Worth
Our net worth of $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018 reflects our comprehensive income of $3.9 billion for the first quarter of 2018 and our receipt of $3.7 billion from Treasury during the quarter pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to eliminate our net worth deficit as of December 31, 2017.
Financial Performance Outlook
We expect to remain profitable on an annual basis for the foreseeable future; however, certain factors could result in significant volatility in our financial results from quarter to quarter or year to year. We expect volatility from quarter to quarter in our financial results due to a number of factors, particularly changes in market conditions that result in fluctuations in the estimated fair value of the financial instruments that we mark to market through our earnings. Other factors that may result in volatility in our quarterly financial results include developments that affect our loss reserves, such as changes in interest rates, home prices or accounting standards, or events such as natural disasters.
The potential for significant volatility in our financial results could result in a net loss in a future quarter. We are permitted to retain up to $3.0 billion in capital reserves as a buffer in the event of a net loss in a future quarter. However, any net loss we experience in the future could be greater than the amount of our capital reserves, resulting in a net worth deficit for that quarter. See “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with the limitations on our ability to rebuild our capital reserves, including factors that could result in a net loss or net worth deficit in a future quarter.
Treasury Draws and Dividend Payments
Treasury has made a commitment under a senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. Pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we issued shares of senior preferred stock to Treasury in 2008. Acting as successor to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the Board, the conservator has declared and directed us to pay dividends to Treasury on the senior preferred stock on a quarterly basis for every dividend period for which dividends were payable since we entered into conservatorship in 2008.
The chart below shows the funds we have drawn from Treasury pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, as well as the dividend payments we have made to Treasury on the senior preferred stock, since entering into conservatorship. Because we had a net worth deficit of $3.7 billion as of December 31, 2017, we drew $3.7 billion from Treasury to eliminate this net worth deficit and no dividend was payable to Treasury for the first quarter of 2018.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 3 | |
MD&A | Executive Summary | ||
__________
(1) | Under the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, dividend payments we make to Treasury do not offset our prior draws of funds from Treasury, and we are not permitted to pay down draws we have made under the agreement except in limited circumstances. Amounts may not sum due to rounding. |
(2) | Treasury draws are shown in the period for which requested, not when the funds were received by us. Draw requests have been funded in the quarter following a net worth deficit. |
We expect to pay Treasury a dividend of $938 million for the second quarter of 2018 by June 30, 2018. The current dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock provide for quarterly dividends consisting of the amount, if any, by which our net worth as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds a $3.0 billion capital reserve amount. We refer to this as a “net worth sweep” dividend. As noted above, our net worth was $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018.
If we experience a net worth deficit in a future quarter, we will be required to draw additional funds from Treasury under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to avoid being placed into receivership. As of the date of this filing, the maximum amount of remaining funding under the agreement is $113.9 billion. If we were to draw additional funds from Treasury under the agreement in respect of a future period, the amount of remaining funding under the agreement would be reduced by the amount of our draw. Dividend payments we make to Treasury do not restore or increase the amount of funding available to us under the agreement. For a description of the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the senior preferred stock, see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Although Treasury owns our senior preferred stock and a warrant to purchase 79.9% of our common stock, and has made a commitment under a senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide us with funds to maintain a positive net worth under specified conditions, the U.S. government does not guarantee our securities or other obligations.
Legislation and Regulation | ||||
The information in this section updates and supplements information regarding legislation and regulation affecting our business set forth in “Business—Legislation and Regulation” in our 2017 Form 10-K. Also see “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K for discussions of risks relating to legislative and regulatory matters.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 4 | |
MD&A | Legislation and Regulation | ||
Housing Finance Reform
Congress continues to consider housing finance reform that could result in significant changes in our structure and role in the future. As a result, there continues to be significant uncertainty regarding the future of our company. See “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks to our business relating to the uncertain future of our company.
In February 2018, Treasury released its Strategic Plan 2018-2022, which includes an objective to support housing finance reform to resolve Fannie Mae’s and Freddie Mac’s conservatorships and prevent taxpayer bailouts of public and private mortgage finance entities, while promoting consumer choice within the mortgage market.
Single Security Initiative: New Uniform Mortgage-Backed Security Implementation Date
Since 2014, we, Freddie Mac and FHFA have been working on developing and implementing a uniform mortgage-backed security for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. In March 2018, FHFA announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will start issuing the new, common security—referred to as the Uniform Mortgage-Backed Security or UMBS—in place of their current offerings of TBA-eligible mortgage-backed securities on June 3, 2019. The new UMBS will be issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac through their joint venture, Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), using the Common Securitization Platform (“CSP”). At that time, we plan to begin using CSS and the CSP to perform certain operational functions associated with issuing and managing these UMBS on our behalf, including data acceptance, issuance support, bond administration and the production of disclosures. See “Business—Legislation and Regulation—Housing Finance Reform—Conservator Developments and Strategic Goals” in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information on the expected features of the securities. See “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks to our business associated with the Single Security Initiative.
Housing Goals
2017 Housing Goals Performance
We are subject to housing goals, which establish specified requirements for our mortgage acquisitions relating to affordability or location. Our single-family performance is measured against the lower of benchmarks established by FHFA or goals-qualifying originations in the primary mortgage market. Multifamily goals are established as a number of units to be financed.
For 2017, we believe we met four of our five single-family benchmarks and all of our multifamily goals. We narrowly missed meeting the single-family very low-income families home purchase benchmark. Very low-income families are defined as those with income equal to or less than 50% of area median income. Final performance results will be determined and published by FHFA sometime after the release in the fall of 2018 of data reported by primary market originators under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. To determine whether we met our very low-income families home purchase goal, FHFA will compare our performance with that of the market. We will be in compliance with this goal if we meet the applicable market share measure for the goal.
2018 Single-Family Housing Goals: Low-Income Areas Home Purchase Goal Benchmark
Each year, FHFA sets the benchmark level for our acquisitions of single-family owner-occupied home purchase mortgage loans for families in low-income areas based on the benchmark level for the low-income areas home purchase subgoal (which is 14% for 2018), plus an adjustment factor reflecting an additional incremental share of mortgages for moderate-income families (defined as income equal to or less than 100% of area median income) in designated disaster areas. In April 2018, FHFA set the 2018 overall low-income areas home purchase benchmark goal at 18%.
See “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Regulation of Our Business—Housing Goals” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of our housing goals.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 5 | |
MD&A | Key Market Economic Indicators | ||
Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||
The table below displays certain macroeconomic indicators that can significantly influence our business and financial results. We expect home prices on a national basis to continue to grow in 2018 at a similar rate as in 2017. We also expect significant regional variation in the timing and rate of home price growth.
Selected Key Market Economic Indicators | ||||||||
For the Three Months Ended | ||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2017 | ||||||
Growth in U.S. gross domestic product ("GDP"), annualized percentage change | 2.3 | % | 2.9 | % | 1.2 | % | ||
Home price change based on Fannie Mae national home price index(1) | 1.0 | 0.3 | 1.1 | |||||
As of | ||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2017 | ||||||
U.S. unemployment rate | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.5 | |||||
2-year swap rate | 2.58 | 2.08 | 1.62 | |||||
10-year swap rate | 2.79 | 2.40 | 2.38 | |||||
10-year Treasury rate | 2.74 | 2.41 | 2.40 | |||||
30-year Fannie Mae MBS par coupon rate | 3.46 | 3.00 | 3.13 | |||||
_______
(1) | Calculated internally using property data information on loans purchased by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and property data information obtained from other third-party data providers. Fannie Mae’s home price index is a weighted repeat transactions index, measuring average price changes in repeat transactions on the same properties. Fannie Mae’s home price index excludes prices on properties sold in foreclosure. The reported home price change reflects the percentage change in Fannie Mae’s home price index from the last day of the prior quarter to the applicable period end date. Fannie Mae’s home price estimates are based on preliminary data and are subject to change as additional data becomes available. |
See “Key Market Economic Indicators” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a description of how changes in GDP, unemployment rates, home prices and interest rates can affect our financial results.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 6 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
Consolidated Results of Operations | ||||
This section provides a discussion of our condensed consolidated results of operations and should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes.
Summary of Condensed Consolidated Results of Operations | |||||||||||
For the Three Months | |||||||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | Variance | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Net interest income | $ | 5,232 | $ | 5,346 | $ | (114 | ) | ||||
Fee and other income | 320 | 249 | 71 | ||||||||
Net revenues | 5,552 | 5,595 | (43 | ) | |||||||
Investment gains (losses), net | 250 | (9 | ) | 259 | |||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net | 1,045 | (40 | ) | 1,085 | |||||||
Administrative expenses | (750 | ) | (684 | ) | (66 | ) | |||||
Credit-related income: | |||||||||||
Benefit for credit losses | 217 | 396 | (179 | ) | |||||||
Foreclosed property expense | (162 | ) | (217 | ) | 55 | ||||||
Total credit-related income | 55 | 179 | (124 | ) | |||||||
Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) fees | (557 | ) | (503 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||
Other expenses, net | (203 | ) | (382 | ) | 179 | ||||||
Income before federal income taxes | 5,392 | 4,156 | 1,236 | ||||||||
Provision for federal income taxes | (1,131 | ) | (1,383 | ) | 252 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 4,261 | $ | 2,773 | $ | 1,488 | |||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (323 | ) | 6 | (329 | ) | ||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 3,938 | $ | 2,779 | $ | 1,159 | |||||
Net Interest Income
We have two primary sources of net interest income:
• | guaranty fees we receive for managing the credit risk on loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS held by third parties; and |
• | the difference between interest income earned on the assets in our retained mortgage portfolio and the interest expense associated with the debt that funds those assets. |
The table below displays the components of our net interest income from our guaranty book of business and our retained mortgage portfolio.
Components of Net Interest Income | ||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | Variance | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||
Net interest income from retained mortgage portfolio(1) | $ | 1,078 | $ | 1,083 | $ | (5 | ) | |||||
Net interest income from guaranty book of business: | ||||||||||||
Base guaranty fee income, net of TCCA | 2,089 | 1,986 | 103 | |||||||||
Base guaranty fee income related to TCCA(2) | 557 | 503 | 54 | |||||||||
Net amortization income | 1,508 | 1,774 | (266 | ) | ||||||||
Total net interest income from guaranty book of business | 4,154 | 4,263 | (109 | ) | ||||||||
Total net interest income | $ | 5,232 | $ | 5,346 | $ | (114 | ) | |||||
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 7 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
__________
(1) | Includes interest income from assets held in our other investments portfolio, as well as other assets used to generate lender liquidity. Also includes interest expense on outstanding Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM of $302 million and $208 million for the first quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively. |
(2) | Revenues generated by the 10 basis point guaranty fee increase we implemented in 2012 pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us. |
Net interest income decreased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to:
• | A decline in net amortization income as a higher interest rate environment during the first quarter of 2018 slowed down loan prepayments, resulting in lower amortization of the cost basis adjustments on mortgage loans of consolidated trusts and related debt. |
• | This decline was partially offset by an increase in base guaranty fee income as the size of our guaranty book of business increased and loans with higher base guaranty fees comprised a larger part of our guaranty book of business in the first quarter of 2018 than in the first quarter of 2017. |
We initially recognize mortgage loans and debt of consolidated trusts in our consolidated balance sheet at fair value. We recognize the difference between the initial fair value and the carrying value of these mortgage loans and debt as cost basis adjustments in our consolidated balance sheet. We amortize cost basis adjustments, including premiums and discounts on mortgage loans and securities, as a yield adjustment over the contractual life of the loan or security as a component of net interest income.
The impact of net premiums and discounts on net interest income can vary:
• | The net premium position of our consolidated debt will amortize as income over time. |
• | The net discount position on our mortgage loans of Fannie Mae was primarily recorded upon the acquisition of credit-impaired loans. The extent to which we may record income in future periods as we amortize this discount will be based on the actual performance of the loans. |
The timing of when this amortization income is recognized in our consolidated statements of income can vary based on a number of factors, primarily interest rates. In a rising interest rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay more slowly, which typically results in lower amortization income from cost basis adjustments. Conversely, in a declining interest rate environment, our mortgage loans tend to prepay faster, resulting in higher net amortization income from cost basis adjustments.
The following charts display information about the outstanding net premium and net discount positions on our debt of consolidated trusts and loans of Fannie Mae.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 8 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
The table below displays an analysis of our net interest income, average balances, and related yields earned on assets and incurred on liabilities for the periods indicated. For most components of the average balances, we use a daily weighted average of amortized cost. When daily average balance information is not available, such as for mortgage loans, we use monthly averages.
Analysis of Net Interest Income and Yield | |||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense | Average Rates Earned/Paid | Average Balance | Interest Income/ Expense | Average Rates Earned/Paid | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest-earning assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans of Fannie Mae | $ | 163,134 | $ | 1,736 | 4.26 | % | $ | 200,051 | $ | 2,093 | 4.18 | % | |||||||||
Mortgage loans of consolidated trusts | 3,048,711 | 26,298 | 3.45 | 2,923,792 | 24,954 | 3.41 | |||||||||||||||
Total mortgage loans(1) | 3,211,845 | 28,034 | 3.49 | 3,123,843 | 27,047 | 3.46 | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities | 10,531 | 100 | 3.80 | 15,394 | 142 | 3.69 | |||||||||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities(2) | 51,707 | 207 | 1.60 | 55,994 | 101 | 0.72 | |||||||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 37,389 | 142 | 1.52 | 40,586 | 66 | 0.65 | |||||||||||||||
Advances to lenders | 3,844 | 31 | 3.23 | 4,506 | 28 | 2.49 | |||||||||||||||
Total interest-earning assets | $ | 3,315,316 | $ | 28,514 | 3.44 | % | $ | 3,240,323 | $ | 27,384 | 3.38 | % | |||||||||
Interest-bearing liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term funding debt | $ | 31,242 | $ | (106 | ) | 1.36 | % | $ | 32,454 | $ | (43 | ) | 0.53 | % | |||||||
Long-term funding debt | 214,397 | (1,158 | ) | 2.16 | 272,918 | (1,478 | ) | 2.17 | |||||||||||||
Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“CAS”) | 22,473 | (302 | ) | 5.38 | 16,873 | (208 | ) | 4.93 | |||||||||||||
Total debt of Fannie Mae | 268,112 | (1,566 | ) | 2.34 | 322,245 | (1,729 | ) | 2.15 | |||||||||||||
Debt securities of consolidated trusts held by third parties | 3,050,041 | (21,716 | ) | 2.85 | 2,925,290 | (20,309 | ) | 2.78 | |||||||||||||
Total interest-bearing liabilities | $ | 3,318,153 | $ | (23,282 | ) | 2.81 | % | $ | 3,247,535 | $ | (22,038 | ) | 2.71 | % | |||||||
Net interest income/net interest yield | $ | 5,232 | 0.63 | % | $ | 5,346 | 0.66 | % | |||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Average balance includes mortgage loans on nonaccrual status. Typically, interest income on nonaccrual mortgage loans is recognized when cash is received. Interest income not recognized for loans on nonaccrual status was $168 million for the first quarter of 2018, compared with $216 million for the first quarter of 2017. |
(2) | Includes cash equivalents. |
Investment Gains (Losses), Net
Investment gains (losses), net primarily consists of gains and losses recognized from the sale of available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, sales of loans, gains and losses recognized on the consolidation and deconsolidation of securities, and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on held for sale (“HFS”) loans. The shift to investment gains in the first quarter of 2018 from investment losses in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily driven by gains on sales of AFS securities, as sales of AFS securities were higher during the first quarter of 2018 as compared with the first quarter of 2017.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 9 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net
The estimated fair value of our derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments carried at fair value may fluctuate substantially from period to period because of changes in interest rates, the yield curve, mortgage and credit spreads and implied volatility, as well as activity related to these financial instruments. While the estimated fair value of our derivatives that serve to mitigate certain risk exposures may fluctuate, some of the financial instruments that generate these exposures are not recorded at fair value in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
The table below displays the components of our fair value gains and losses.
Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net | |||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Risk management derivatives fair value gains (losses) attributable to: | |||||||
Net contractual interest expense accruals on interest rate swaps | $ | (215 | ) | $ | (255 | ) | |
Net change in fair value during the period | 514 | 367 | |||||
Total risk management derivatives fair value gains, net | 299 | 112 | |||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | 564 | (80 | ) | ||||
Total derivatives fair value gains, net | 863 | 32 | |||||
Trading securities gains, net | 98 | 68 | |||||
CAS fair value losses, net | (8 | ) | (162 | ) | |||
Other, net | 92 | 22 | |||||
Fair value gains (losses), net | $ | 1,045 | $ | (40 | ) | ||
Fair value gains in the first quarter of 2018 were primarily driven by:
• | increases in the fair value of our mortgage commitments due to gains on commitments to sell mortgage-related securities due to a decrease in prices as interest rates increased during the commitment periods; and |
• | increases in the fair value of our pay-fixed risk management derivatives due to an increase in longer-term swap rates during the quarter. |
Fair value losses in the first quarter of 2017 were primarily due to losses on CAS reported at fair value resulting from tightening spreads between CAS yields and LIBOR during the period. These fair value losses in the first quarter of 2017 were partially offset by gains on risk management derivatives primarily due to increases in the fair value of our pay-fixed derivatives due to increases in longer-term swap rates during the period.
Credit-Related Income (Expense)
Credit-related income (expense) consists of our benefit (provision) for credit losses and foreclosed property expense.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 10 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
Benefit for Credit Losses
The table below provides quantitative analysis of the drivers of our single-family benefit for credit losses for the periods presented. Many of the drivers that contribute to our benefit for credit losses overlap or are interdependent. The attribution shown below is based on internal allocation estimates. The table below also displays our multifamily benefit or provision for credit losses.
Components of Benefit for Credit Losses | |||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in billions) | |||||||
Benefit for credit losses: | |||||||
Changes in loan activity(1) | $ | (0.2 | ) | * | |||
Redesignation of held for investment (“HFI”) loans to held for sale (“HFS”) loans | 0.2 | 0.1 | |||||
Actual and forecasted home prices | 0.3 | 0.6 | |||||
Actual and projected interest rates | (0.4 | ) | (0.2 | ) | |||
Other(2) | 0.3 | (0.1 | ) | ||||
Single-family benefit for credit losses | 0.2 | 0.4 | |||||
Multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses | * | * | |||||
Total benefit for credit losses | $ | 0.2 | $ | 0.4 | |||
_________
* | Represents less than $50 million. |
(1) | Primarily consists of changes in the allowance due to loan delinquency, loan liquidations, new troubled debt restructurings, amortization of concessions granted to borrowers and the impact of FHFA’s Advisory Bulletin 2012-02, “Framework for Adversely Classifying Loans, Other Real Estate Owned, and Other Assets and Listing Assets for Special Mention” (the “Advisory Bulletin”). |
(2) | Primarily consists of model and assumption changes and changes in the reserve for guaranty losses that are not separately included in the other components. |
The primary factors that impacted our benefit for credit losses in the first quarter of 2018 were:
• | An increase in actual and forecasted home prices, which contributed to the benefit for credit losses. Higher home prices decrease the likelihood that loans will default and reduce the amount of credit loss on loans that do default, which impacts our estimate of losses and ultimately reduces our loss reserves and provision for credit losses. |
• | The redesignation of certain single-family loans from HFI to HFS during the quarter as we no longer intend to hold them for the foreseeable future or to maturity. Upon redesignation of these loans, we recorded the loans at the lower of cost or fair value with a charge-off to the allowance for loan losses. Amounts recorded in the allowance related to the loans exceeded the amounts charged off, which contributed to the benefit for credit losses. |
• | The benefit for credit losses was partially offset by the impact of higher actual and projected mortgage interest rates. As mortgage interest rates rise, we expect a decrease in future prepayments on single-family individually impaired loans, including modified loans. Lower expected prepayments lengthen the expected lives of modified loans, which increases the impairment relating to concessions provided on these loans and results in an increase in the provision for credit losses. |
• | The benefit for credit losses was also reduced by the impact of an increase in single-family loans classified as a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) in the areas affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria (collectively, “the hurricanes”). |
We recognized a benefit for credit losses in the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to an increase in actual and forecasted home prices.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 11 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Results of Operations | ||
Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) Fees
Pursuant to the TCCA, in 2012, FHFA directed us to increase our single-family guaranty fees by 10 basis points and remit this increase to Treasury. This TCCA-related revenue is included in “Net interest income” and the expense is recognized as “TCCA fees” in our condensed consolidated financial statements. TCCA fees increased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 as our book of business subject to the TCCA continued to grow. We expect the guaranty fees collected and expenses incurred under the TCCA to continue to increase.
Federal Income Taxes
The decrease in our provision for federal income taxes in the first quarter of 2018 as compared to the first quarter of 2017 was the result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, which reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. This decline in the federal corporate income tax rate was the primary driver of the reduction in our effective tax rate to 21.0% in the first quarter of 2018, compared with 33.3% for the same period in 2017.
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The shift to other comprehensive loss in the first quarter of 2018 from other comprehensive income in the first quarter of 2017 was primarily driven by the reclassification of gains on AFS securities from other comprehensive income (loss) to investment gains (losses), net as a result of sales of AFS securities, which were higher during the first quarter of 2018 as compared with the first quarter of 2017.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 12 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis | ||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis | ||||
This section provides a discussion of our condensed consolidated balance sheets and should be read together with our condensed consolidated financial statements, including the accompanying notes.
Summary of Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | Variance | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Assets | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | $ | 49,949 | $ | 51,580 | $ | (1,631 | ) | ||||
Restricted cash | 27,112 | 28,150 | (1,038 | ) | |||||||
Investments in securities(1) | 43,985 | 39,522 | 4,463 | ||||||||
Mortgage loans: | |||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | 158,632 | 167,793 | (9,161 | ) | |||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 3,057,888 | 3,029,816 | 28,072 | ||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (18,734 | ) | (19,084 | ) | 350 | ||||||
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan losses | 3,197,786 | 3,178,525 | 19,261 | ||||||||
Deferred tax assets, net | 16,517 | 17,350 | (833 | ) | |||||||
Other assets | 29,053 | 30,402 | (1,349 | ) | |||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,364,402 | $ | 3,345,529 | $ | 18,873 | |||||
Liabilities and equity (deficit) | |||||||||||
Debt: | |||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | $ | 265,401 | $ | 276,752 | $ | (11,351 | ) | ||||
Of consolidated trusts | 3,075,071 | 3,053,302 | 21,769 | ||||||||
Other liabilities | 19,992 | 19,161 | 831 | ||||||||
Total liabilities | 3,360,464 | 3,349,215 | 11,249 | ||||||||
Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity (deficit): | |||||||||||
Senior preferred stock | 120,836 | 117,149 | 3,687 | ||||||||
Other net deficit | (116,898 | ) | (120,835 | ) | 3,937 | ||||||
Total equity (deficit) | 3,938 | (3,686 | ) | 7,624 | |||||||
Total liabilities and equity (deficit) | $ | 3,364,402 | $ | 3,345,529 | $ | 18,873 | |||||
__________
(1) | Includes $33.3 billion as of March 31, 2018 and $29.2 billion as of December 31, 2017 of non-mortgage-related securities. |
Other Investments Portfolio
Our other investments portfolio consists of cash and cash equivalents, securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements, and investments in U.S. Treasury securities. See “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Other Investments Portfolio” for additional information on our other investments portfolio.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash primarily includes unscheduled borrower payments received by servicers of loans backing consolidated trusts due to be remitted to the MBS certificateholders in the subsequent month. Our restricted cash decreased as of March 31, 2018 compared with the balance as of December 31, 2017 primarily as a result of a decrease in prepayments received on mortgage loans in March 2018 compared with prepayments received in December 2017.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 13 | |
MD&A | Consolidated Balance Sheet Analysis | ||
Investments in Securities
Our investments in securities are classified in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as either trading or available-for-sale and are measured at fair value. See “Note 5, Investments in Securities” for information on our investments in securities, including the composition of our trading and available-for-sale securities at amortized cost and fair value and the gross unrealized gains and losses related to our available-for-sale securities as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Mortgage Loans, Net of Allowance for Loan Losses
The mortgage loans reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheet are classified as either HFS or HFI and include loans owned by Fannie Mae and loans held in consolidated trusts.
Mortgage loans, net of allowance for loan losses increased as of March 31, 2018 compared with December 31, 2017 primarily driven by:
• | an increase in mortgage loans due to acquisitions, partially offset by liquidations and sales; and |
• | a decrease in our allowance for loan losses upon redesignation of single-family loans from HFI to HFS. |
For additional information on our mortgage loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans,” and for additional information on changes in our allowance for loan losses, see “Note 4, Allowance for Loan Losses.”
Debt
Debt of Fannie Mae is the primary means of funding our mortgage purchases. Debt of consolidated trusts represents the amount of Fannie Mae MBS issued from consolidated trusts and held by third-party certificateholders. We provide a summary of the activity of the debt of Fannie Mae and a comparison of the mix between our outstanding short-term and long-term debt in “Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Debt Funding.” Also see “Note 7, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt” for additional information on our outstanding debt.
The decrease in debt of Fannie Mae from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 was primarily driven by lower funding needs. The increase in debt of consolidated trusts from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 was primarily driven by sales of Fannie Mae MBS, which are accounted for as issuances of debt of consolidated trusts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, since the MBS certificate ownership is transferred from us to a third party.
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
The shift from a net deficit of $3.7 billion as of December 31, 2017 to net equity of $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018 was driven by:
• | our receipt of $3.7 billion from Treasury during the first quarter of 2018 pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, which eliminated our net worth deficit as of December 31, 2017; and |
• | our comprehensive income of $3.9 billion for the first quarter of 2018. |
Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||||
Our retained mortgage portfolio consists of mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that we own, including Fannie Mae MBS and non-Fannie Mae mortgage-related securities. Assets held by consolidated MBS trusts that back mortgage-related securities owned by third parties are not included in our retained mortgage portfolio. We primarily use our retained mortgage portfolio to provide liquidity to the mortgage market and support our loss mitigation activities. Previously, we also used our retained mortgage portfolio for investment purposes.
The chart below separates the instruments within our retained mortgage portfolio, measured by unpaid principal balance, into three categories based on each instrument’s use:
• | Lender liquidity, which includes balances related to our whole loan conduit activity, supports our efforts to provide liquidity to the single-family and multifamily mortgage markets. |
• | Loss mitigation supports our loss mitigation efforts through the purchase of delinquent loans from MBS trusts. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 14 | |
MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||
• | Other represents assets that were previously purchased for investment purposes. More than half of the balance of “Other” consisted of reverse mortgage loans and Fannie Mae-wrapped reverse mortgage securities as of March 31, 2018. We expect the amount of assets in “Other” will decline over time as they liquidate, mature or are sold. |
Retained Mortgage Portfolio (Dollars in billions) |
Lender liquidity | Loss mitigation | Other | ||||||
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 15 | |
MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||
The table below displays the components of our retained mortgage portfolio, measured by unpaid principal balance.
Retained Mortgage Portfolio | |||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||
Mortgage loans(1) | $ | 138,567 | $ | 146,316 | |||||||
Reverse mortgages | 25,300 | 26,458 | |||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||
Agency securities(2) | 40,177 | 31,719 | |||||||||
Fannie Mae-wrapped reverse mortgage securities | 6,570 | 6,689 | |||||||||
Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities | 1,180 | 527 | |||||||||
Other Fannie Mae-wrapped securities(3) | 691 | 3,414 | |||||||||
Private-label and other securities(3) | 4,743 | 2,588 | |||||||||
Total single-family mortgage-related securities(4) | 53,361 | 44,937 | |||||||||
Total single-family mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities | 217,228 | 217,711 | |||||||||
Multifamily: | |||||||||||
Mortgage loans(5) | 4,246 | 4,591 | |||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||
Agency securities(2) | 6,330 | 7,860 | |||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) | 13 | 24 | |||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 470 | 597 | |||||||||
Total multifamily mortgage-related securities(6) | 6,813 | 8,481 | |||||||||
Total multifamily mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities | 11,059 | 13,072 | |||||||||
Total retained mortgage portfolio | $ | 228,287 | $ | 230,783 | |||||||
__________
(1) | Includes single-family loans classified as a TDR that were on accrual status of $82.7 billion and $86.3 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and single-family loans on nonaccrual status of $33.0 billion and $33.1 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
(2) | Includes Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae mortgage-related securities, excluding Fannie Mae-wrapped reverse mortgage securities, Ginnie Mae reverse mortgage securities and other Fannie Mae-wrapped securities. |
(3) | The increase in private-label and other securities and the corresponding decrease in other Fannie Mae-wrapped securities from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 was due to the dissolution of a Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities trust during the period. |
(4) | The fair value of these single-family mortgage-related securities was $54.5 billion and $46.7 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
(5) | Includes multifamily loans classified as a TDR that were on accrual status of $84 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and multifamily loans on nonaccrual status of $182 million and $122 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
(6) | The fair value of these multifamily mortgage-related securities was $7.1 billion and $9.0 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
The amount of mortgage assets that we may own is restricted by our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, as described in “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements” in our 2017 Form 10-K. Our retained mortgage portfolio is below the final $250 billion cap under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement that becomes effective on December 31, 2018. We expect the size of our retained mortgage portfolio will continue to decrease in 2018.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 16 | |
MD&A | Retained Mortgage Portfolio | ||
In support of our loss mitigation strategy, we purchased $5.2 billion of loans from our single-family MBS trusts in the first quarter of 2018, the substantial majority of which were delinquent. See “MD&A—Retained Mortgage Portfolio—Purchases of Loans from Our MBS Trusts” in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information relating to our purchases of loans from MBS trusts.
Total Book of Business | ||||
The table below displays the composition of our total book of business based on unpaid principal balance. Our single-family book of business accounted for 91% of our total book of business as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. While our total book of business includes all of our mortgage-related assets, both on- and off-balance sheet, our guaranty book of business excludes non-Fannie Mae mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty.
Composition of Total Book of Business | |||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Guaranty book of business(1) | $ | 2,944,620 | $ | 284,517 | $ | 3,229,137 | $ | 2,931,356 | $ | 280,502 | $ | 3,211,858 | |||||||||||
Non-Fannie Mae mortgage securities(2) | 7,350 | 483 | 7,833 | 4,005 | 621 | 4,626 | |||||||||||||||||
Total book of business | $ | 2,951,970 | $ | 285,000 | $ | 3,236,970 | $ | 2,935,361 | $ | 281,123 | $ | 3,216,484 | |||||||||||
Guaranty Book of Business Detail: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Conventional guaranty book of business(3) | $ | 2,905,650 | $ | 283,272 | $ | 3,188,922 | $ | 2,890,908 | $ | 279,235 | $ | 3,170,143 | |||||||||||
Government guaranty book of business(4) | $ | 38,970 | $ | 1,245 | $ | 40,215 | $ | 40,448 | $ | 1,267 | $ | 41,715 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | Includes other single-family Fannie Mae guarantees of $1.8 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, and other multifamily Fannie Mae guarantees of $12.2 billion and $12.4 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The unpaid principal balance of resecuritized Fannie Mae MBS is included only once in the reported amount. |
(2) | Includes mortgage-related securities issued by Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, mortgage revenue bonds, Alt-A and subprime private-label securities, and CMBS. |
(3) | Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities that are not guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies. |
(4) | Refers to mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies. |
The Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (together, the “GSE Act”), requires us to set aside each year an amount equal to 4.2 basis points for each dollar of the unpaid principal balance of our total new business purchases and to pay this amount to specified U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and Treasury funds. New business purchases consist of single-family and multifamily whole mortgage loans purchased during the period and single-family and multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS issued during the period pursuant to lender swaps. In February 2018, we paid $239 million to the funds based on our new business purchases in 2017. Our new business purchases were $123.9 billion for the first three months of 2018. Accordingly, we recognized an expense of $52 million related to this obligation for the first three months of 2018. We expect to pay this amount, plus additional amounts to be accrued based on our new business purchases in the remaining nine months of 2018, to the funds on or before March 1, 2019. See “Business—Legislation and Regulation—GSE Act and Other Regulation of Our Business—Affordable Housing Allocations” in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information regarding this obligation.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 17 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Business Segments | ||||
We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. This section describes each segment’s business and credit metrics, and financial results.
Single-Family Business
Single-Family Mortgage Market
Housing sales slightly declined in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the fourth quarter of 2017. Total existing home sales averaged 5.5 million units annualized in the first quarter of 2018, compared with 5.6 million units in the fourth quarter of 2017, according to data from the National Association of REALTORS®. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, new single-family home sales increased during the first quarter of 2018, averaging an annualized rate of 668,000 units, compared with 657,000 units in the fourth quarter of 2017.
The 30-year fixed mortgage rate averaged 4.44% during the first quarter of 2018, compared with 3.99% during the fourth quarter of 2017, according to Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey®.
We forecast that total originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market in 2018 will decrease from 2017 levels by approximately 8%, from an estimated $1.84 trillion in 2017 to $1.69 trillion in 2018, and that the amount of originations in the U.S. single-family mortgage market that are refinancings will decrease from an estimated $708 billion in 2017 to $498 billion in 2018.
Single-Family Market Share
The chart below displays our market share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances in the first quarter of 2018 as compared with that of our primary competitors for the issuance of single-family mortgage-related securities.
• | We estimate our market share of single-family mortgage-related securities issuances was 42% in the first quarter of 2018, compared with 37% in the fourth quarter of 2017 and 39% in the first quarter of 2017. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 18 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Single-Family Business Metrics
The charts and related discussion below present certain business metrics of our Single-Family business.
__________
(1) | Our single-family guaranty book of business consists of (a) single-family mortgage loans of Fannie Mae, (b) single-family mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS, and (c) other credit enhancements that we provide on single-family mortgage assets, such as long-term standby commitments. It excludes non-Fannie Mae single-family mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty. |
Although single-family Fannie Mae MBS issuances decreased in the first quarter of 2018 primarily as a result of lower refinancing activity during the quarter, single-family Fannie Mae MBS outstanding increased as of March 31, 2018, as liquidations slowed in the first quarter of 2018 driven by a decline in prepayments due to the rising interest rate environment.
Average Charged Guaranty Fee on Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business and
Average Charged Guaranty Fee on New Single-Family Acquisitions(1)
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 19 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
__________
(1) | Calculated based on the average guaranty fee rate for our single-family guaranty arrangements during the period plus the recognition of any upfront cash payments over an estimated average life. Excludes the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented in 2012 pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury and not retained by us. |
Our average charged guaranty fee on newly acquired single-family loans, net of TCCA, decreased from 48.7 bps in the first quarter of 2017 to 47.1 bps in the first quarter of 2018 primarily driven by increased competition.
Single-Family Business Financial Results
Single-Family Business Financial Results | |||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | Variance | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Net interest income(1) | $ | 4,561 | $ | 4,756 | $ | (195 | ) | ||||
Fee and other income | 158 | 76 | 82 | ||||||||
Net revenues | 4,719 | 4,832 | (113 | ) | |||||||
Investment gains (losses), net | 242 | (50 | ) | 292 | |||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net | 1,034 | (12 | ) | 1,046 | |||||||
Administrative expenses | (643 | ) | (601 | ) | (42 | ) | |||||
Credit-related income(2) | 34 | 184 | (150 | ) | |||||||
TCCA fees(1) | (557 | ) | (503 | ) | (54 | ) | |||||
Other expenses, net(3) | (132 | ) | (256 | ) | 124 | ||||||
Income before federal income taxes | 4,697 | 3,594 | 1,103 | ||||||||
Provision for federal income taxes | (1,016 | ) | (1,252 | ) | 236 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 3,681 | $ | 2,342 | $ | 1,339 | |||||
__________
(1) | Reflects the impact of a 10 basis point guaranty fee increase implemented in 2012 pursuant to the TCCA, the incremental revenue from which is remitted to Treasury. The resulting revenue is included in net interest income and the expense is recognized as “TCCA fees.” |
(2) | Consists of the benefit (provision) for credit losses and foreclosed property expense. |
(3) | Consists of gains (losses) from partnership investments, debt extinguishment (gains) losses, and other expenses. |
Net interest income
Single-family net interest income decreased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017, primarily due to a decline in net amortization income, partially offset by an increase in single-family base guaranty fee income. The drivers of net interest income for the single-family segment for the first quarter of 2018 are consistent with the drivers of net interest income discussed in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Net Interest Income” for more information on the drivers of our net interest income.
Investment gains (losses), net
We recognized investment gains in the first quarter of 2018 compared with investment losses in the first quarter of 2017. Investment gains in the first quarter of 2018 were primarily driven by gains on sales of AFS securities, as sales of AFS securities were higher during the first quarter of 2018 as compared with the first quarter of 2017.
Fair value gains (losses), net
We recognized fair value gains in the first quarter of 2018, a shift from fair value losses recognized in the first quarter of 2017. The fair value gains and losses that are reported for the single-family segment are consistent with the fair value gains and losses reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 20 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
comprehensive income. We discuss our fair value gains and losses in “Consolidated Results of Operations—Fair Value Gains (Losses), Net.”
Credit-related income
We recognized lower single-family credit-related income in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017. The credit-related income that is reported for the single-family segment is consistent with the credit-related income reported in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. See “Consolidated Results of Operations—Credit-Related Income” for a discussion of the drivers of our credit-related income.
Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management
This section updates our discussion of single-family mortgage credit risk management in our 2017 Form 10-K in “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”
Single-Family Acquisition and Servicing Policies and Underwriting and Servicing Standards
For information on our underwriting and servicing standards, quality control process, repurchase requests, and representation and warranty framework, see “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Acquisition and Servicing Policies and Underwriting and Servicing Standards” in our 2017 Form 10-K. The discussion below updates some of that information.
Recent Changes
In July 2017, we implemented DU® Version 10.1, which included a change that enabled loans with debt-to-income ratios above 45% (up to 50%) to rely on DU’s comprehensive risk assessment, and removed specific policy rules that had previously set maximum loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio and minimum reserves requirements for those loans. Due in part to our implementation of this change, the percentage of our non-Refi Plus single-family acquisitions associated with borrower debt-to-income ratios above 45% increased to 23% in the first quarter of 2018, compared with 7% in the first quarter of 2017. After assessing the loan profile of loans delivered to us since the DU Version 10.1 changes went into effect, we revised DU’s risk assessment to limit risk layering. Risk layering refers to the acquisition of loans with multiple higher-risk characteristics (such as high LTV ratio, credit profile with a history of delinquencies, debt-to-income ratio above 45% and no or low levels of reserves). We implemented these changes in March 2018 through DU Version 10.2. With DU Version 10.2, we expect fewer DU Approve recommendations on loans that have multiple higher-risk characteristics; however, we expect to continue to acquire a higher proportion of loans with debt-to-income ratios above 45% than we have in previous years.
Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring
For information on key loan attributes, see “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring” in our 2017 Form 10-K. The table below displays our single-family conventional business volumes and our single-family conventional guaranty book of business, based on certain key risk characteristics that we use to evaluate the risk profile and credit quality of our single-family loans.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 21 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business(1) | |||||||||||||||||||
Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) | Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3)(4) As of | ||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
Original LTV ratio:(5) | |||||||||||||||||||
<= 60% | 18 | % | 22 | % | 20 | % | 20 | % | |||||||||||
60.01% to 70% | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||||||
70.01% to 80% | 38 | 38 | 38 | 38 | |||||||||||||||
80.01% to 90% | 12 | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||||
90.01% to 95% | 13 | 11 | 10 | 10 | |||||||||||||||
95.01% to 100% | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | * | * | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Weighted average | 75 | % | 73 | % | 75 | % | 75 | % | |||||||||||
Average loan amount | $ | 232,284 | $ | 221,405 | $ | 167,594 | $ | 166,643 | |||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio:(6) | |||||||||||||||||||
<= 60% | 52 | % | 52 | % | |||||||||||||||
60.01% to 70% | 18 | 18 | |||||||||||||||||
70.01% to 80% | 17 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||
80.01% to 90% | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
90.01% to 100% | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average | 58 | % | 58 | % | |||||||||||||||
Product type: | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed-rate:(7) | |||||||||||||||||||
Long-term | 88 | % | 81 | % | 80 | % | 80 | % | |||||||||||
Intermediate-term | 10 | 17 | 15 | 15 | |||||||||||||||
Interest-only | — | — | * | * | |||||||||||||||
Total fixed-rate | 98 | 98 | 95 | 95 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustable-rate: | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest-only | — | — | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||||
Other ARMs | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||||
Total adjustable-rate | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Number of property units: | |||||||||||||||||||
1 unit | 97 | % | 97 | % | 97 | % | 97 | % | |||||||||||
2-4 units | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 22 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Percent of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume at Acquisition(2) | Percent of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3)(4) As of | ||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Property type: | |||||||||||||||
Single-family homes | 91 | % | 90 | % | 91 | % | 91 | % | |||||||
Condo/Co-op | 9 | 10 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
Occupancy type: | |||||||||||||||
Primary residence | 89 | % | 88 | % | 89 | % | 89 | % | |||||||
Second/vacation home | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||
Investor | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
FICO credit score at origination: | |||||||||||||||
< 620 | * | % | * | % | 2 | % | 2 | % | |||||||
620 to < 660 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||
660 to < 700 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||
700 to < 740 | 23 | 22 | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
>= 740 | 57 | 60 | 61 | 61 | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
Weighted average | 743 | 746 | 745 | 745 | |||||||||||
Loan purpose: | |||||||||||||||
Purchase | 53 | % | 44 | % | 39 | % | 39 | % | |||||||
Cash-out refinance | 26 | 24 | 20 | 20 | |||||||||||
Other refinance | 21 | 32 | 41 | 41 | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
Geographic concentration:(8) | |||||||||||||||
Midwest | 13 | % | 13 | % | 15 | % | 15 | % | |||||||
Northeast | 14 | 15 | 18 | 18 | |||||||||||
Southeast | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | |||||||||||
Southwest | 20 | 20 | 17 | 17 | |||||||||||
West | 31 | 30 | 28 | 28 | |||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
Origination year: | |||||||||||||||
2012 and prior | 34 | % | 36 | % | |||||||||||
2013 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
2014 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||
2015 | 11 | 12 | |||||||||||||
2016 | 18 | 18 | |||||||||||||
2017 | 16 | 15 | |||||||||||||
2018 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||||||
__________
* | Represents less than 0.5% of single-family conventional business volume or book of business. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 23 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
(1) | Second lien mortgage loans held by third parties are not reflected in the original LTV or mark-to-market LTV ratios in this table. |
(2) | Calculated based on unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category at time of acquisition. |
(3) | Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of single-family loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of the end of each period. |
(4) | Our single-family conventional guaranty book of business includes jumbo-conforming and high-balance loans that represented approximately 7% of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. See “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring—Jumbo-Conforming and High-Balance Loans” in our 2017 Form 10-K for information on these loans. |
(5) | The original LTV ratio generally is based on the original unpaid principal balance of the loan divided by the appraised property value reported to us at the time of acquisition of the loan. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available. |
(6) | The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic changes in home value. Excludes loans for which this information is not readily available. |
(7) | Long-term fixed-rate consists of mortgage loans with maturities greater than 15 years, while intermediate-term fixed-rate loans have maturities equal to or less than 15 years. Loans with interest-only terms are included in the interest-only category regardless of their maturities. |
(8) | Midwest consists of IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, NE, ND, OH, SD and WI. Northeast consists of CT, DE, ME, MA, NH, NJ, NY, PA, PR, RI, VT and VI. Southeast consists of AL, DC, FL, GA, KY, MD, MS, NC, SC, TN, VA and WV. Southwest consists of AZ, AR, CO, KS, LA, MO, NM, OK, TX and UT. West consists of AK, CA, GU, HI, ID, MT, NV, OR, WA and WY. |
As shown in the table above, a greater proportion of our single-family loan acquisitions in the first quarter of 2018 had LTV ratios over 90% (from 15% in the first quarter of 2017 to 19% in the first quarter of 2018), and there was a decline in the weighted average FICO credit score of our single-family acquisitions in the first quarter of 2018 (from 746 in the first quarter of 2017 to 743 in the first quarter of 2018). We believe several factors drove these changes, including a decline in refinance volume and the changes to our eligibility standards implemented in DU Version 10.1 described above.
See “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Single-Family Portfolio Diversification and Monitoring” in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information on the credit characteristics of loans in our guaranty book of business, including Home Affordable Refinance Program® (“HARP®”) and Refi PlusTM loans, jumbo-conforming and high-balance loans, reverse mortgages and mortgage products with rate resets.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 24 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk
Single-Family Credit Enhancements
Our charter generally requires credit enhancement on any single-family conventional mortgage loan that we purchase or securitize if it has an LTV ratio over 80% at the time of purchase. We also enter into various other types of transactions in which we transfer mortgage credit risk to third parties. The table below displays information on the outstanding unpaid principal balance of our single-family loans, as well as the percentage of our total single-family conventional guaranty book of business measured by unpaid principal balance, that were covered by one or more forms of credit enhancement as of the dates specified. For a description of the types of credit enhancements specified in the table, see “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk” in our 2017 Form 10-K. For a discussion of our exposure to and management of the institutional counterparty credit risk associated with the providers of these credit enhancements see “Risk Management—Credit Risk Management—Institutional Counterparty Credit Risk Management” in our 2017 Form 10-K and “Note 11, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in this report.
Single-Family Loans with Credit Enhancement | ||||||||||||||
As of | ||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||
Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | Unpaid Principal Balance | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business | |||||||||||
(Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||
Primary mortgage insurance and other | $ | 583 | 20 | % | $ | 566 | 20 | % | ||||||
Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM (“CAS”) | 731 | 25 | 681 | 24 | ||||||||||
Credit Insurance Risk TransferTM (“CIRTTM”) | 193 | 7 | 181 | 6 | ||||||||||
Lender risk sharing | 78 | 3 | 65 | 2 | ||||||||||
Less: Loans covered by multiple credit enhancements | (362 | ) | (12 | ) | (335 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||
Total unpaid principal balance of single-family loans with credit enhancement | $ | 1,223 | 43 | % | $ | 1,158 | 40 | % | ||||||
Credit Risk Transfer Transactions
Our Single-Family business has developed risk-sharing capabilities to transfer portions of our single-family mortgage credit risk to the private market. Our primary method of achieving this objective has been through our CAS and CIRT transactions. In most of our credit risk transfer transactions, we transfer a small portion of the expected credit losses, and a significant portion of the losses we expect would be incurred in a stressed credit environment, such as a severe or prolonged economic downturn.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 25 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
The table below displays the mortgage credit risk transferred to third parties and retained by Fannie Mae pursuant to our single-family credit risk transfer transactions.
Single-Family Credit Risk Transfer Transactions | ||||||||||||||||
Issuances from Inception to March 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||
 | Senior | Fannie Mae(1) | Initial Reference Pool(4) | |||||||||||||
$1,280 | ||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine | Fannie Mae(1) | CIRT(2)(3) | CAS(2) | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) | ||||||||||||
$2 | $6 | $28 | $1 | $1,327 | ||||||||||||
First Loss | Fannie Mae(1) | CAS(2)(5) | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) | |||||||||||||
$7 | $2 | $1 | ||||||||||||||
Outstanding as of March 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||
 | Senior | Fannie Mae(1) | Outstanding Reference Pool(4)(6) | |||||||||||||
$956 | ||||||||||||||||
Mezzanine | Fannie Mae(1) | CIRT(2)(3) | CAS(2) | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) | ||||||||||||
$1 | $6 | $21 | $1 | $995 | ||||||||||||
First Loss | Fannie Mae(1) | CAS(2)(5) | Lender Risk-Sharing(2) | |||||||||||||
$7 | $2 | $1 | ||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Credit risk retained by Fannie Mae in CAS, CIRT and lender risk-sharing transactions. Tranche sizes vary across programs. |
(2) | Credit risk transferred to third parties. Tranche sizes vary across programs. |
(3) | Includes mortgage pool insurance transactions covering loans with an unpaid principal balance of approximately $4 billion outstanding as of March 31, 2018. |
(4) | For CIRT and some lender risk-sharing transactions, “Reference Pool” reflects a pool of covered loans. |
(5) | For CAS transactions, “First Loss” represents all B tranche balances. |
(6) | For CAS and some lender risk-sharing transactions, represents outstanding reference pools, not the outstanding unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans, which was $1,002 billion as of March 31, 2018. |
During 2018, pursuant to our credit risk transfer transactions, we transferred a portion of the mortgage credit risk on single-family mortgages with an unpaid principal balance of $100 billion at the time of the transactions.
• | For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we paid approximately $200 million in interest expense, net of LIBOR, on our outstanding CAS and approximately $60 million in CIRT premiums. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 26 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
• | Comparatively, we paid approximately $170 million in interest expense, net of LIBOR, on our outstanding CAS and approximately $38 million in CIRT premiums for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. |
These expenses increased from the first quarter of 2017 to the first quarter of 2018 as we continue to transfer credit risk on a larger portion of our single-family book of business.
As a part of our continued effort to innovate and improve our credit risk transfer programs, in April 2018 we announced changes to our Single Family MBS program to facilitate proposed future enhancements to our benchmark Connecticut Avenue SecuritiesTM structure. These proposed future enhancements to the CAS program will enable the company to structure future CAS offerings as notes issued by trusts that qualify as Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (“REMICs”). This proposed REMIC structure differs from the current CAS notes that are issued as Fannie Mae corporate debt. The proposed enhancements to our CAS program are designed to promote the continued growth of the market by expanding the potential investor base for these securities, making the program more attractive to real estate investment trust investors, as well as certain other investors, and limiting investor exposure to Fannie Mae counterparty risk, without disrupting the To-Be-Announced (“TBA”) MBS market. We may issue CAS under the new REMIC structure later this year, subject to FHFA approval, market conditions and other factors.
Under the current CAS structure, there can be a significant lag between the time when we recognize a provision for credit losses and when we recognize the related recovery from the CAS transaction. While a credit expense on a loan in a reference pool for a CAS transaction is recorded when it is probable that we have incurred a loss, for our CAS issued beginning in 2016, a recovery is recorded only when an actual loss event occurs, which is typically several months after the collateral has been liquidated. The proposed new CAS structure will eliminate this timing mismatch, allowing us to recognize the credit loss protection benefit at the same time the credit loss is recognized in our condensed consolidated financial statements.
Single-Family Problem Loan Management
Our problem loan management strategies are primarily focused on reducing defaults to avoid losses that would otherwise occur and pursuing foreclosure alternatives to attempt to minimize the severity of the losses we incur. See “MD&A—Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Problem Loan Management” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of delinquency statistics on our problem loans, efforts undertaken to manage our problem loans, metrics regarding our loan workout activities, real estate owned (‘REO”) management and other single-family credit-related disclosures. The discussion below updates some of that information.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 27 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Delinquency
The table below displays the delinquency status of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business (based on number of loans) and changes in the balance of seriously delinquent loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business. Single-family delinquency data is calculated based on number of loans. We include single-family conventional loans that we own and those that back Fannie Mae MBS in the calculation of the single-family delinquency rate. Seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process.
Delinquency Status and Activity of Single-Family Conventional Loans | ||||||||
As of | ||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2017 | ||||||
Delinquency status: | ||||||||
30 to 59 days delinquent | 1.20 | % | 1.63 | % | 1.19 | % | ||
60 to 89 days delinquent | 0.37 | 0.50 | 0.33 | |||||
Seriously delinquent (“SDQ”) | 1.16 | 1.24 | 1.12 | |||||
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than 180 days | 47 | % | 43 | % | 62 | % | ||
Percentage of SDQ loans that have been delinquent for more than two years | 13 | 13 | 21 | |||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||
Single-family SDQ loans (number of loans): | |||||
Beginning balance | 212,183 | 206,549 | |||
Additions | 66,804 | 61,008 | |||
Removals: | |||||
Modifications and other loan workouts | (21,855 | ) | (18,851 | ) | |
Liquidations and sales | (16,942 | ) | (19,531 | ) | |
Cured or less than 90 days delinquent | (41,133 | ) | (35,980 | ) | |
Total removals | (79,930 | ) | (74,362 | ) | |
Ending balance | 199,057 | 193,195 | |||
Our single-family serious delinquency rate was 1.16% as of March 31, 2018, compared with 1.24% as of December 31, 2017 and 1.12% as of March 31, 2017. Our serious delinquency rate increased in the latter part of 2017 due to the impact of the hurricanes in the third quarter of 2017, as many homeowners in the areas affected by the hurricanes became delinquent on their loans, including those that were granted temporary forbearance. Our serious delinquency rate declined in the first quarter of 2018 primarily because many delinquent borrowers resolved their loan delinquencies during the quarter by entering into a loan modification or resuming payments and becoming current on their loans, including loans in the areas affected by the hurricanes.
We expect our single-family serious delinquency rate to remain higher compared with pre-hurricane levels during the next several months. We expect many delinquent borrowers in the areas affected by the hurricanes will continue to resolve their loan delinquencies, either through resuming their mortgage payments and becoming current on their loans or by obtaining a loan modification. We have already seen significant trial modification activity from the areas affected by the hurricanes in the first quarter of 2018, and expect elevated trial modification activity to continue at least through the second quarter of 2018. Over the long term, we expect the impact of the hurricanes on our serious delinquency rate to subside and for this rate to resume its previous downward trend; however, because our single-family serious delinquency rate has already declined significantly over the past several years, we expect more modest declines and may experience period to period fluctuations in this rate.
Certain higher-risk loan categories, such as Alt-A loans, loans with higher mark-to-market LTV ratios, and our 2005 through 2008 loan vintages, continue to exhibit higher than average delinquency rates and/or account for a higher share of our credit losses. Single-family loans originated in 2005 through 2008 constituted 6% of our
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 28 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
single-family book of business as of March 31, 2018, but constituted 41% of our seriously delinquent single-family loans as of March 31, 2018 and drove 60% of our single-family credit losses in the first quarter of 2018. In addition, loans in certain judicial foreclosure states such as Florida, New Jersey and New York with historically long foreclosure timelines have exhibited higher than average delinquency rates and/or account for a higher share of our credit losses.
The table below displays the serious delinquency rates for, and the percentage of our total seriously delinquent single-family conventional loans represented by, the specified loan categories. We also include information for our loans in California, as this state accounts for a large share of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business. The reported categories are not mutually exclusive. Percentage of book outstanding calculations are based on the unpaid principal balance of loans for each category divided by the unpaid principal balance of our total single-family guaranty book of business for which we have detailed loan level information.
Single-Family Conventional Seriously Delinquent Loan Concentration Analysis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | Percentage of Book Outstanding | Percentage of Seriously Delinquent Loans(1) | Serious Delinquency Rate | |||||||||||||||||||
States: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
California | 19 | % | 5 | % | 0.39 | % | 19 | % | 5 | % | 0.42 | % | 19 | % | 6 | % | 0.47 | % | |||||||||
Florida | 6 | 19 | 3.56 | 6 | 19 | 3.71 | 6 | 10 | 1.73 | ||||||||||||||||||
New Jersey | 4 | 5 | 1.91 | 4 | 5 | 2.15 | 4 | 8 | 2.85 | ||||||||||||||||||
New York | 5 | 7 | 1.87 | 5 | 7 | 2.02 | 5 | 10 | 2.48 | ||||||||||||||||||
All other states | 66 | 64 | 1.02 | 66 | 64 | 1.09 | 66 | 66 | 1.04 | ||||||||||||||||||
Product type: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A(2) | 2 | 12 | 4.76 | 2 | 12 | 4.95 | 3 | 15 | 4.87 | ||||||||||||||||||
Vintages: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 and prior | 3 | 22 | 3.24 | 4 | 23 | 3.28 | 4 | 25 | 2.76 | ||||||||||||||||||
2005-2008 | 6 | 41 | 6.22 | 6 | 42 | 6.55 | 8 | 50 | 6.15 | ||||||||||||||||||
2009-2018 | 91 | 37 | 0.51 | 90 | 35 | 0.53 | 88 | 25 | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
<= 60% | 52 | 42 | 0.81 | 52 | 41 | 0.84 | 49 | 34 | 0.67 | ||||||||||||||||||
60.01% to 70% | 18 | 18 | 1.28 | 18 | 18 | 1.34 | 19 | 15 | 1.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
70.01% to 80% | 17 | 16 | 1.38 | 17 | 16 | 1.48 | 17 | 15 | 1.22 | ||||||||||||||||||
80.01% to 90% | 8 | 11 | 1.94 | 8 | 11 | 2.09 | 9 | 13 | 1.94 | ||||||||||||||||||
90.01% to 100% | 4 | 6 | 2.26 | 4 | 6 | 2.62 | 4 | 9 | 2.71 | ||||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | 1 | 7 | 11.21 | 1 | 8 | 11.70 | 2 | 14 | 10.07 | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit enhanced:(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary MI & other(4) | 20 | 24 | 1.67 | 20 | 26 | 1.95 | 18 | 27 | 1.95 | ||||||||||||||||||
Credit risk transfer(5) | 35 | 9 | 0.39 | 32 | 8 | 0.42 | 25 | 2 | 0.16 | ||||||||||||||||||
Non-credit enhanced | 57 | 71 | 1.24 | 60 | 69 | 1.27 | 65 | 71 | 1.12 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Calculated based on the number of single-family loans that were seriously delinquent for each category divided by the total number of single-family conventional loans that were seriously delinquent. |
(2) | For a description of our Alt-A loan classification criteria, see “Glossary of Terms Used in This Report” in our 2017 Form 10-K. |
(3) | The credit-enhanced categories are not mutually exclusive. A loan with primary mortgage insurance that is also covered by a credit risk transfer transaction will be included in both the “Primary MI & other” category and the “Credit risk transfer” category. As a result, the “Credit enhanced” and “Non-credit enhanced” categories do not sum to 100%. The total percentage of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business with some form of credit enhancement as of March 31, 2018 was 43%. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 29 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
(4) | Refers to loans included in an agreement used to reduce credit risk by requiring primary mortgage insurance, collateral, letters of credit, corporate guarantees, or other agreements to provide an entity with some assurance that it will be compensated to some degree in the event of a financial loss. Excludes loans covered by credit risk transfer transactions unless such loans are also covered by primary mortgage insurance. |
(5) | Refers to loans included in reference pools for credit risk transfer transactions, including loans in these transactions that are also covered by primary mortgage insurance. For CAS and some lender risk-sharing transactions, this represents outstanding unpaid principal balance of the underlying loans on the single-family mortgage credit book, not the outstanding reference pool, as of the specified date. Loans included in our credit risk transfer transactions have all been acquired since 2012 and newer vintages typically have significantly lower delinquency rates than more seasoned loans. |
Loan Workout Metrics
Our loan workouts reflect our home retention solutions, including loan modifications, repayment plans and forbearances, and foreclosure alternatives, including short sales and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure.
The chart below displays our completed single-family loan workouts, by type. These statistics include loan modifications but do not include trial modifications, loans to certain borrowers who have received bankruptcy relief that are classified as troubled debt restructurings, or repayment or forbearance plans that have been initiated but not completed. As of March 31, 2018, there were approximately 44,700 loans in a trial modification period.
__________
(1) | Consists of modifications and completed repayment plans and forbearances. Repayment plans reflect only those plans associated with loans that were 60 days or more delinquent. Forbearances reflect loans that were 90 days or more delinquent. |
(2) | Consists of short sales and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. |
The increase in home retention solutions in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 was primarily driven by forbearances granted to borrowers in the areas affected by the hurricanes during the first quarter of 2018.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 30 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
REO Management
If a loan defaults, we acquire the home through foreclosure or a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. The table below displays our foreclosure activity by region. Regional REO acquisition trends generally follow a pattern that is similar to, but lags, that of regional delinquency trends.
Single-Family REO Properties | |||||||||
For the Three Months | |||||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||
Single-family REO properties (number of properties): | |||||||||
Beginning of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1) | 26,311 | 38,093 | |||||||
Acquisitions by geographic area:(2) | |||||||||
Midwest | 1,748 | 2,602 | |||||||
Northeast | 1,758 | 2,713 | |||||||
Southeast | 2,204 | 3,424 | |||||||
Southwest | 1,001 | 1,588 | |||||||
West | 515 | 859 | |||||||
Total REO acquisitions(1) | 7,226 | 11,186 | |||||||
Dispositions of REO | (9,474 | ) | (14,728 | ) | |||||
End of period inventory of single-family REO properties(1) | 24,063 | 34,551 | |||||||
Carrying value of single-family REO properties (dollars in millions) | $ | 2,917 | $ | 3,951 | |||||
Single-family foreclosure rate(3) | 0.17 | % | 0.26 | % | |||||
REO net sales prices to unpaid principal balance(4) | 76 | % | 74 | % | |||||
Short sales net sales prices to unpaid principal balance(5) | 76 | % | 74 | % | |||||
__________
(1) | Includes acquisitions through foreclosure and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. Also includes held for use properties, which are reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as a component of “Other assets.” |
(2) | See footnote 8 to the Risk Characteristics of Single-Family Conventional Business Volume and Guaranty Book of Business table for states included in each geographic region. |
(3) | Estimated based on the annualized total number of properties acquired through foreclosure or deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure as a percentage of the total number of loans in our single-family guaranty book of business as of the end of each respective period. |
(4) | Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on disposition of REO properties during the respective periods, excluding those subject to repurchase requests made to our sellers or servicers, divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans at the time of foreclosure. Net sales price represents the contract sales price less selling costs for the property and other charges paid by the seller at closing. |
(5) | Calculated as the amount of sale proceeds received on properties sold in short sale transactions during the respective periods divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of the related loans. Net sales price represents the contract sales price less the selling costs for the property and other charges paid by the seller at the closing, including borrower relocation incentive payments and subordinate lien(s) negotiated payoffs. |
Single-family foreclosed properties declined in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to declining REO acquisitions from serious delinquencies aged greater than 180 days over the course of the past year.
Other Single-Family Credit Information
Credit Loss Performance and Concentration Metrics
The amount of credit losses we realize in a given period are driven by foreclosures, pre-foreclosure sales, REO activity and mortgage loan redesignations in a given period. The table below displays the components of our single-family credit loss performance metrics, as well as our single-family initial charge-off severity rate. Our credit loss performance metrics are not defined terms within generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and may not be calculated in the same manner as similarly titled measures reported by other companies. We believe that credit loss performance metrics may be useful to investors as the losses are presented as a percentage of our book of business and have historically been used by analysts, investors and
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 31 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
other companies within the financial services industry. In prior years, because management did not view changes in the fair value of our mortgage loans as credit losses, we adjusted our credit loss performance metrics to exclude the impact associated with our acquisition of credit-impaired loans from unconsolidated MBS trusts. This impact on our credit loss metrics is no longer significant, hence we no longer adjust our credit loss performance metrics in this manner. The credit loss metrics presented below for all periods reflect this revised presentation. In addition, the prior period credit loss ratios have been adjusted to reflect the change in presentation relating to our guaranty book of business described in “MD&A—Total Book of Business” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
___________
Single-Family Credit Loss Performance Metrics | |||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
Amount | Ratio(1) | Amount | Ratio(1) | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Charge-offs, net of recoveries | $ | (392 | ) | 5.3 | bps | $ | (944 | ) | 13.0 | bps | |||||||||
Foreclosed property expense | (162 | ) | 2.2 | (216 | ) | 3.0 | |||||||||||||
Credit losses and credit loss ratio | $ | (554 | ) | 7.5 | bps | $ | (1,160 | ) | 16.0 | bps | |||||||||
Single-family initial charge-off severity rate(2) | 13.48 | % | 16.97 | % | |||||||||||||||
(1) | Basis points are based on the amount for each line item presented divided by the average single-family guaranty book of business during the period. |
(2) | The rate excludes any costs, gains or losses associated with REO after initial acquisition through final disposition. The rate includes charge-offs pursuant to the provisions of the Advisory Bulletin and charge-offs of property tax and insurance receivables. |
Our single-family credit losses and credit loss ratio decreased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to lower charge-offs and reduced foreclosures.
Our single-family initial charge-off severity rate declined in the first quarter of 2018 primarily driven by higher home prices.
Single-Family Combined Loss Reserves
Our combined single-family loss reserves provide for an estimate of credit losses incurred in our single-family guaranty book of business, including concessions we granted borrowers upon modification of their loans. Our combined loss reserves have declined substantially from their peak and are expected to decline further in 2018; however, we expect a smaller decline in our loss reserves in the future as compared to the trend in recent years.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 32 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
The table below summarizes the changes in our single-family combined loss reserves, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for guaranty losses for single-family loans.
Single-Family Combined Loss Reserves | |||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Changes in combined loss reserves: | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (19,155 | ) | $ | (23,639 | ) | |
Benefit for credit losses | 196 | 400 | |||||
Charge-offs | 476 | 1,061 | |||||
Recoveries | (84 | ) | (117 | ) | |||
Other(1) | (1 | ) | (31 | ) | |||
Ending balance | $ | (18,568 | ) | $ | (22,326 | ) | |
As of | |||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Combined loss reserves as a percentage of single-family: | |||||||
Guaranty book of business | 0.63 | % | 0.65 | % | |||
Recorded investment in nonaccrual loans | 43.59 | 40.80 | |||||
__________
(1) | Amounts represent changes in other loss reserves which are reflected in single-family benefit for credit losses, charge-offs and recoveries. |
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Nonaccrual Loans
The table below displays the single-family loans classified as a TDR that are on accrual status and loans on nonaccrual status. The table includes our recorded investment in HFI and HFS single-family mortgage loans. For information on the impact of TDRs and other individually impaired loans on our allowance for loan losses, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Single-Family Troubled Debt Restructurings on Accrual Status and Nonaccrual Loans | |||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
TDRs on accrual status | $ | 110,158 | $ | 110,043 | |||||||
Nonaccrual loans | 42,600 | 46,945 | |||||||||
Total TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans | $ | 152,758 | $ | 156,988 | |||||||
Accruing on-balance sheet loans past due 90 days or more(1) | $ | 267 | $ | 353 | |||||||
For the Three Months | |||||||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Interest related to on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans: | |||||||||||
Interest income forgone(2) | $ | 721 | $ | 964 | |||||||
Interest income recognized(3) | 1,394 | 1,458 | |||||||||
__________
(1) | Includes loans that, as of the end of each period, are 90 days or more past due and continuing to accrue interest. The majority of these amounts consists of loans insured or guaranteed by the U.S. government and loans for which we have recourse against the seller in the event of a default. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 33 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
(2) | Represents the amount of interest income we did not recognize, but would have recognized during the period for nonaccrual loans and TDRs on accrual status as of the end of each period had the loans performed according to their original contractual terms. |
(3) | Represents interest income recognized during the period, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, for loans classified as either nonaccrual loans or TDRs on accrual status as of the end of each period. Includes primarily amounts accrued while the loans were performing and cash payments received on nonaccrual loans. |
The post-modification unpaid principal balance of single-family HFI and HFS loans classified as TDRs as of March 31, 2018 was $149.1 billion, compared with $146.4 billion as of December 31, 2017. This increase in loans classified as TDRs was primarily attributable to single-family loan modifications and other forms of loss mitigation in the areas affected by the hurricanes that resulted in a restructuring of the terms of these loans.
Multifamily Business
Our Multifamily business provides mortgage market liquidity primarily for properties with five or more residential units, which may be apartment communities, cooperative properties, seniors housing, dedicated student housing or manufactured housing communities.
Multifamily Mortgage Market
National multifamily market fundamentals, which include factors such as vacancy rates and rents, remained relatively stable during the first quarter of 2018 despite an increase in new apartment supply. Although the national estimated vacancy level increased during the first quarter of 2018, it remained near historic lows, benefiting from steady rental demand.
• | Vacancy rates. According to preliminary third-party data, the national multifamily vacancy rate for institutional investment-type apartment properties was an estimated 5.8% as of March 31, 2018, compared to 5.5% as of December 31, 2017. |
• | Rents. Rents continued to increase during the first quarter of 2018. National asking rents increased by an estimated 0.5%, compared with 0.3% during the fourth quarter of 2017. |
Continued demand for multifamily rental units during the first quarter of 2018 was reflected in the estimated positive net absorption (that is, the net change in the number of occupied rental units during the time period) of approximately 28,000 units, according to preliminary data from Reis, Inc., compared with approximately 33,000 units during the fourth quarter of 2017.
Vacancy rates and rents are important to loan performance because multifamily loans are generally repaid from the cash flows generated by the underlying property. Several years of improvement in these fundamentals helped to increase property values in most metropolitan areas. It is estimated that approximately 446,000 new multifamily units will be completed in 2018. The bulk of this new supply is concentrated in a limited number of metropolitan areas.
Multifamily Business Metrics
Multifamily new business volume decreased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 driven by reduced activity in the multifamily market. FHFA’s 2018 conservatorship scorecard includes an objective to maintain the dollar volume of new multifamily business at or below $35 billion, excluding certain targeted affordable and underserved market business segments. Approximately 38% of our multifamily new business volume of $11.3 billion for the first quarter of 2018 counted toward FHFA’s 2018 multifamily volume cap.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 34 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
__________
(1) | Reflects unpaid principal balance of multifamily Fannie Mae MBS issued, multifamily loans purchased, and credit enhancements provided during the period. |
We support affordability in the multifamily rental market. Over 90% of the multifamily units we financed in the first quarter of 2018 were affordable to families earning at or below 120% of the median income in their area, providing support for both workforce housing and affordable housing.
The chart below displays our multifamily MBS outstanding as of March 31, 2018 compared with December 31, 2017.
Multifamily Fannie Mae MBS Outstanding
(Dollars in billions)
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 35 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Multifamily Business Financial Results
Multifamily Business Financial Results | |||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | Variance | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Net interest income | $ | 671 | $ | 590 | $ | 81 | |||||
Fee and other income | 162 | 173 | (11 | ) | |||||||
Net revenues | 833 | 763 | 70 | ||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net | 11 | (28 | ) | 39 | |||||||
Administrative expenses | (107 | ) | (83 | ) | (24 | ) | |||||
Credit-related income (expense)(1) | 21 | (5 | ) | 26 | |||||||
Other expenses, net(2) | (63 | ) | (85 | ) | 22 | ||||||
Income before federal income taxes | 695 | 562 | 133 | ||||||||
Provision for federal income taxes | (115 | ) | (131 | ) | 16 | ||||||
Net income | $ | 580 | $ | 431 | $ | 149 | |||||
__________
(1) | Consists of the benefit (provision) for credit losses and foreclosed property income. |
(2) | Consists of investment gains, gains on partnership investments and other income (expenses). |
Net interest income
Multifamily net interest income increased in the first quarter of 2018 compared with the first quarter of 2017 primarily due to an increase in guaranty fee income. Our multifamily guaranty book of business grew and loans with higher guaranty fees became a larger part of our book, while loans with lower guaranty fees continued to liquidate.
__________
(1) | Our multifamily guaranty book of business consists of: (a) multifamily mortgage loans of Fannie Mae; (b) multifamily mortgage loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS; and (c) other credit enhancements that we provide on multifamily mortgage assets. It excludes non-Fannie Mae multifamily mortgage-related securities held in our retained mortgage portfolio for which we do not provide a guaranty. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 36 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
Fair value gains (losses), net
Fair value gains in the first quarter of 2018 were primarily driven by gains on commitments to sell multifamily mortgage-related securities as a result of decreases in prices as interest rates increased during the commitment periods.
Fair value losses in the first quarter of 2017 were primarily driven by losses on our multifamily commitments to sell mortgage-related securities as a result of increases in prices as interest rates decreased during the commitment periods.
Credit-related income (expense)
Credit-related income in the first quarter of 2018 was primarily driven by a decrease in the allowance for loan losses as a result of updated estimates of hurricane-related losses.
Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management
This section updates our discussion of multifamily mortgage credit risk management in our 2017 Form 10-K in “MD&A—Business Segments—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”
Multifamily Underwriting Standards and Portfolio Monitoring
Lender risk-sharing is a cornerstone of our Multifamily business. We primarily transfer risk through our Delegated Underwriting and Servicing (“DUS®”) program, which delegates to DUS lenders the ability to underwrite and service multifamily loans, in accordance with our standards and requirements. DUS lenders receive credit risk-related revenues for their respective portion of credit risk retained, and, in turn, are required to fulfill any loss sharing obligation. This aligns the interests of the lender and Fannie Mae from day one and throughout the life of the loan.
Our DUS model typically results in our lenders sharing on a pro-rata or tiered basis approximately one-third of the credit risk on our multifamily loans. In the first quarter of 2018, nearly 100% of our new multifamily business volume had lender risk-sharing. As of March 31, 2018, 97% of the unpaid principal balance of loans in our $284.5 billion multifamily guaranty book of business had lender risk-sharing, compared with 96% as of December 31, 2017.
Our standards for multifamily loans specify maximum original LTV ratio and minimum original debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) values that vary based on loan characteristics. The table below displays original LTV ratio and DSCR metrics for our multifamily guaranty book of business.
Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business Key Risk Characteristics | ||||||||||||||
As of | ||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average original LTV ratio | 67 | % | 67 | % | 67 | % | ||||||||
Original LTV ratio greater than 80% | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Original DSCR less than or equal to 1.10 | 13 | 14 | 14 | |||||||||||
We and our lenders monitor the performance and risk characteristics of our multifamily loans and the underlying properties on an ongoing basis throughout the loan term at the asset and portfolio level. We closely monitor loans with an estimated current DSCR below 1.0, as that is an indicator of heightened default risk. The percentage of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business, calculated based on unpaid principal balance, with a current DSCR less than 1.0 was approximately 2% as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Multifamily Problem Loan Management and Foreclosure Prevention
The multifamily serious delinquency rate was 0.13% as of March 31, 2018, compared with 0.11% as of December 31, 2017 and 0.05% as of March 31, 2017. The impact of the hurricanes in the third quarter of 2017 resulted in an increase in our multifamily serious delinquency rate as of both December 31, 2017 and March 31, 2018. We classify multifamily loans as seriously delinquent when payment is 60 days or more past due.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 37 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
REO Management
The number of multifamily foreclosed properties held for sale increased to 13 properties with a carrying value of $81 million as of March 31, 2018, compared with 11 properties with a carrying value of $66 million as of December 31, 2017.
Other Multifamily Credit Information
Multifamily Credit Losses
For the first quarter of 2018, we had $4 million in multifamily credit losses and a multifamily credit loss ratio of 0.6 basis points, compared with no credit losses for the first quarter of 2017.
Multifamily Combined Loss Reserves
The table below summarizes the changes in our multifamily combined loss reserves, which consists of the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for guaranty losses for multifamily loans.
Multifamily Combined Loss Reserves | |||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Changes in combined loss reserves: | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (245 | ) | $ | (196 | ) | |
Benefit (provision) for credit losses | 21 | (4 | ) | ||||
Charge-offs | 4 | 1 | |||||
Recoveries | — | (2 | ) | ||||
Other(1) | — | 1 | |||||
Ending balance | $ | (220 | ) | $ | (200 | ) | |
As of | |||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
Combined loss reserves as a percentage of multifamily guaranty book of business | 0.08 | % | 0.09 | % | |||
__________
(1) | Amounts represent changes in other loss reserves which are reflected in multifamily benefit (provision) for credit losses, charge-offs and recoveries. |
Troubled Debt Restructurings and Nonaccrual Loans
The table below displays the composition of multifamily loans classified as a TDR that are on accrual status and multifamily loans on nonaccrual status. The table includes our recorded investment in HFI and HFS multifamily mortgage loans. For information on the impact of TDRs and other individually impaired loans on our allowance for loan losses, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
Multifamily Troubled Debt Restructurings on Accrual Status and Nonaccrual Loans | ||||||||
As of | ||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||
TDRs on accrual status | $ | 88 | $ | 87 | ||||
Nonaccrual loans | 524 | 424 | ||||||
Total TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans | $ | 612 | $ | 511 | ||||
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 38 | |
MD&A | Business Segments | ||
For the Three Months | ||||||||
Ended March 31, | ||||||||
2018 | 2017 | |||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||
Interest related to on-balance sheet TDRs on accrual status and nonaccrual loans: | ||||||||
Interest income forgone(1) | $ | 7 | $ | 6 | ||||
Interest income recognized(2) | — | 1 | ||||||
__________
(1) | Represents the amount of interest income we did not recognize, but would have recognized during the period for nonaccrual loans and TDRs on accrual status as of the end of each period had the loans performed according to their original contractual terms. |
(2) | Represents interest income recognized during the period, including the amortization of any deferred cost basis adjustments, for loans classified as either nonaccrual loans or TDRs on accrual status as of the end of each period. Includes primarily amounts accrued while the loans were performing and cash payments received on nonaccrual loans. |
Liquidity and Capital Management | ||||
Liquidity Management
This section supplements and updates information regarding liquidity risk management in our 2017 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management” and “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for additional information, including discussions of our primary sources and uses of funds, our liquidity risk management practices and liquidity contingency planning, factors that influence our debt funding activity, factors that may impact our access to or the cost of our debt funding, and factors that could adversely affect our liquidity.
Debt Funding
Outstanding Debt
Total outstanding debt of Fannie Mae excludes debt of consolidated trusts. Short-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of one year or less and, therefore, does not include the current portion of long-term debt. Long-term debt of Fannie Mae consists of borrowings with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year.
The chart and table below display information on our outstanding short-term and long-term debt of Fannie Mae based on original contractual maturity. The total amount of our outstanding debt of Fannie Mae decreased as of March 31, 2018 compared with December 31, 2017 primarily due to lower funding needs as our retained mortgage portfolio continued to decrease and our draw of funds from Treasury in the first quarter of 2018.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 39 | |
MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||
Selected Debt Information | ||||||||
As of | ||||||||
December 31, 2017 | March 31, 2018 | |||||||
(Dollars in billions) | ||||||||
Selected Weighted-Average Interest Rates(1) | ||||||||
Interest rate on short-term debt | 1.18 | % | 1.49 | % | ||||
Interest rate on long-term debt, including portion maturing within one year | 2.40 | % | 2.46 | % | ||||
Interest rate on callable long-term debt | 2.31 | % | 2.46 | % | ||||
Selected Maturity Data | ||||||||
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing within one year (in days) | 123 | 136 | ||||||
Weighted-average maturity of debt maturing in more than one year (in months) | 57 | 59 | ||||||
Other Data | ||||||||
Outstanding callable debt | $ | 72.3 | $ | 70.4 | ||||
Connecticut Avenue Securities(2) | $ | 22.5 | $ | 24.3 | ||||
__________
(1) | Outstanding debt amounts and weighted-average interest rates reported in this chart and table include the effects of discounts, premiums, other cost basis adjustments and fair value gains and losses associated with debt that we elected to carry at fair value. Reported amounts for total debt of Fannie Mae include unamortized cost basis adjustments and fair value adjustments of $697 million and $788 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
(2) | See “Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management—Transfer of Mortgage Credit Risk—Credit Risk Transfer Transactions” in our 2017 Form 10-K for information regarding our Connecticut Avenue Securities. |
For more information on our outstanding short-term and long-term debt, see “Note 7, Short-Term and Long-Term Debt.”
Debt Funding Activity
The table below displays the activity in debt of Fannie Mae. This activity excludes the debt of consolidated trusts and intraday loans. The reported amounts of debt issued and paid off during the period represent the face amount of the debt at issuance and redemption.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 40 | |
MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||
Activity in Debt of Fannie Mae | |||||||
For the Three Months | |||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Issued during the period: | |||||||
Short-term: | |||||||
Amount | $ | 219,288 | $ | 151,384 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 1.28 | % | 0.51 | % | |||
Long-term:(1) | |||||||
Amount | $ | 5,168 | $ | 13,108 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 2.96 | % | 2.27 | % | |||
Total issued: | |||||||
Amount | $ | 224,456 | $ | 164,492 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 1.32 | % | 0.65 | % | |||
Paid off during the period:(2) | |||||||
Short-term: | |||||||
Amount | $ | 217,678 | $ | 148,746 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 1.17 | % | 0.46 | % | |||
Long-term:(1) | |||||||
Amount | $ | 17,780 | $ | 15,872 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 1.49 | % | 2.22 | % | |||
Total paid off: | |||||||
Amount | $ | 235,458 | $ | 164,618 | |||
Weighted-average interest rate | 1.20 | % | 0.63 | % | |||
__________
(1) | Includes Connecticut Avenue Securities. |
(2) | Consists of all payments on debt, including regularly scheduled principal payments, payments at maturity, payments resulting from calls and payments for any other repurchases. Repurchases of debt and early retirements of zero-coupon debt are reported at original face value, which does not equal the amount of actual cash payment. |
Other Investments Portfolio
The chart below displays information on the composition of our other investments portfolio. The balance of our other investments portfolio fluctuates based on changes in our cash flows, liquidity in the fixed income markets and our liquidity risk management framework and practices.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 41 | |
MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||
Cash Flows
Three Months Ended March 31, 2018. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $21.9 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2018. The decrease was primarily driven by cash outflows from (1) the net increase in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar agreements (2) the purchase of Fannie Mae MBS from third parties and (3) the redemption of funding debt, which outpaced issuances, due to lower funding needs.
Partially offsetting these cash outflows were cash inflows from, among other things, (1) the sale of Fannie Mae MBS to third parties and (2) proceeds from repayments and sales of loans of Fannie Mae.
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017. Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $236 million in the three months ended March 31, 2017. The decrease was primarily driven by cash outflows from (1) the purchase of Fannie Mae MBS from third parties, (2) the payment of senior preferred stock dividends to Treasury and (3) the acquisition of delinquent loans out of MBS trusts.
Partially offsetting these cash outflows were cash inflows from (1) the sale of Fannie MBS to third parties and (2) proceeds from repayments and sales of loans of Fannie Mae.
Credit Ratings
As of March 31, 2018, our credit ratings have not changed since we filed our 2017 Form 10-K. For information on our credit ratings, see “MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Management—Liquidity Management—Credit Ratings” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Capital Management
Regulatory Capital
The deficit of our core capital over statutory minimum capital was $140.2 billion as of March 31, 2018 and $144.4 billion as of December 31, 2017. For information on our minimum capital requirements, see “Note 12, Regulatory Capital Requirements” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 42 | |
MD&A | Liquidity and Capital Management | ||
Capital Activity
The current dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock provide for quarterly dividends consisting of the amount, if any, by which our net worth as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds a $3.0 billion capital reserve amount.
• | Q1 2018. Because we had a net worth deficit of $3.7 billion as of December 31, 2017, no dividend was payable to Treasury on the senior preferred stock for the first quarter of 2018 and we received $3.7 billion from Treasury during the quarter pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to eliminate our net worth deficit as of December 31, 2017. |
• | Q2 2018. Because we had a positive net worth of $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018, we expect to pay Treasury a second quarter 2018 dividend of $938 million by June 30, 2018, and we will not be required to draw additional funds from Treasury pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement for this quarter. |
The dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock permit us to retain only up to $3.0 billion as capital reserves, provided our conservator directs us to declare and pay senior preferred stock dividends in full in the future. We are effectively unable to raise equity capital from private sources at this time and, therefore, are reliant on the funding available under our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury to address any net worth deficit. Under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, Treasury made a commitment to provide funding, under certain conditions, to eliminate deficiencies in our net worth. As of the date of this filing, the amount of remaining funding under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement is $113.9 billion. If we were to draw additional funds from Treasury under the agreement in a future period, the amount of remaining funding under the agreement would be reduced by the amount of our draw. Dividend payments we make to Treasury do not restore or increase the amount of funding available to us from Treasury under the agreement.
See “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements” in our 2017 Form 10-K for more information on the terms of our senior preferred stock and our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury. See “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with the limit on our capital reserves.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements | ||||
Our off-balance sheet arrangements result primarily from the following:
• | our guaranty of mortgage loan securitization and resecuritization transactions, and other guaranty commitments over which we do not have control; |
• | liquidity support transactions; and |
• | partnership interests. |
Our off-balance sheet exposure to credit losses is primarily related to the unpaid principal balance of our unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and other financial guarantees. This exposure was $21.9 billion as of March 31, 2018 and $25.1 billion as of December 31, 2017.
Our total outstanding liquidity commitments to advance funds for securities backed by multifamily housing revenue bonds totaled $9.1 billion as of March 31, 2018 and $9.2 billion as of December 31, 2017.
Risk Management | ||||
Our business activities expose us to the following three major categories of risk: credit risk (including mortgage credit risk and institutional counterparty credit risk), market risk (including interest rate risk and liquidity risk) and operational risk (including cybersecurity, third-party and model risk). See “MD&A—Risk Management” and “MD&A—Business Segments” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of our management of these risks.
In this section we provide an update on our management of market risk, including interest rate risk. We provide an update on our management of mortgage credit risk in this report in “Business Segments—Single-Family Business—Single-Family Mortgage Credit Risk Management” and “Business Segments—Multifamily Business—Multifamily Mortgage Credit Risk Management.”
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 43 | |
MD&A | Risk Management | ||
Market Risk Management, Including Interest Rate Risk Management
This section supplements and updates information regarding market risk management in our 2017 Form 10-K. See “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, Including Interest Rate Risk Management” and “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for additional information, including our sources of interest rate risk exposure, business risks posed by changes in interest rates, and our strategy for managing interest rate risk.
Measurement of Interest Rate Risk
The table below displays the pre-tax market value sensitivity of our net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates and the slope of the yield curve as measured on the last day of each period presented. The table below also provides the daily average, minimum, maximum and standard deviation values for duration gap and for the most adverse market value impact on the net portfolio to changes in the level of interest rates and the slope of the yield curve for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
For information on how we measure our interest rate risk, see our 2017 Form 10-K in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, Including Interest Rate Risk Management.”
Interest Rate Sensitivity of Net Portfolio to Changes in Interest Rate Level and Slope of Yield Curve | |||||||||||
As of (1)(2) | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in billions) | |||||||||||
Rate level shock: | |||||||||||
-100 basis points | $ | (0.1 | ) | $ | 0.0 | ||||||
-50 basis points | (0.1 | ) | 0.0 | ||||||||
+50 basis points | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
+100 basis points | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | |||||||
Rate slope shock: | |||||||||||
-25 basis points (flattening) | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
+25 basis points (steepening) | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31,(1)(3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Duration Gap | Rate Slope Shock 25 bps | Rate Level Shock 50 bps | Duration Gap | Rate Slope Shock 25 bps | Rate Level Shock 50 bps | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Market Value Sensitivity | Market Value Sensitivity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In months) | (Dollars in billions) | (In months) | (Dollars in billions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average | 0.2 | $ | 0.0 | $ | (0.1 | ) | (0.1) | $ | 0.0 | $ | 0.0 | ||||||||||||||||
Minimum | (0.2) | 0.0 | (0.1 | ) | (0.7) | (0.1 | ) | (0.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Maximum | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Standard deviation | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Computed based on changes in LIBOR interest rates swap curve. Changes in the level of interest rates assume a parallel shift in all maturities of the U.S. LIBOR interest rate swap curve. Changes in the slope of the yield curve assume a constant 7-year rate, a shift of 16.7 basis points for the 1-year rate (and shorter tenors) and a shift of 8.3 basis points for the 30-year rate. Rate shocks for remaining maturity points are interpolated. |
(2) | Measured on the last day of each period presented. |
(3) | Computed based on daily values during the period presented. |
The market value sensitivity of our net portfolio varies across a range of interest rate shocks depending upon the duration and convexity profile of our net portfolio. Because the effective duration gap of our net portfolio was close to zero months in the periods presented, the convexity exposure was the primary driver of the market value sensitivity of our net portfolio as of March 31, 2018. In addition, the convexity exposure may result in similar market value sensitivities for positive and negative interest rate shocks of the same magnitude.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 44 | |
MD&A | Risk Management | ||
We use derivatives to help manage the residual interest rate risk exposure between our assets and liabilities. Derivatives have enabled us to keep our interest rate risk exposure at consistently low levels in a wide range of interest-rate environments. The table below displays an example of how derivatives impacted the net market value exposure for a 50 basis point parallel interest rate shock.
Derivative Impact on Interest Rate Risk (50 Basis Points) | |||||||||||
As of (1) | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in billions) | |||||||||||
Before derivatives | $ | (0.6 | ) | $ | (0.5 | ) | |||||
After derivatives | 0.0 | 0.0 | |||||||||
Effect of derivatives | 0.6 | 0.5 | |||||||||
__________
(1) | Measured on the last day of each period presented. |
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates | ||||
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make a number of judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, income and expenses in the condensed consolidated financial statements. Understanding our accounting policies and the extent to which we use management judgment and estimates in applying these policies is integral to understanding our financial statements. We describe our most significant accounting policies in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K.
We evaluate our critical accounting estimates and judgments required by our policies on an ongoing basis and update them as necessary based on changing conditions. Management has discussed any significant changes in judgments and assumptions in applying our critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. See “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of the risks associated with the need for management to make judgments and estimates in applying our accounting policies and methods. We have identified two of our accounting policies as critical because they involve significant judgments and assumptions about highly complex and inherently uncertain matters, and the use of reasonably different estimates and assumptions could have a material impact on our reported results of operations or financial condition: fair value measurement and allowance for loan losses. See “MD&A—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of these critical accounting policies and estimates.
Impact of Future Adoption of New Accounting Guidance | ||||
We identify and discuss the expected impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements of recently issued accounting guidance in “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”
Forward-Looking Statements | ||||
This report includes statements that constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). In addition, our senior management may from time to time make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the news media and others. Forward-looking statements often include words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “likely,” “may,” “will” or similar words. Examples of forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our expectations regarding the following matters:
• | our profitability and financial results, and the factors that will affect our profitability and financial results; |
• | our business plans and strategies and the impact of such plans and strategies; |
• | our dividend payments to Treasury; |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 45 | |
MD&A | Forward-Looking Statements | ||
• | our payments to HUD and Treasury funds under the GSE Act; |
• | the effects of our credit risk transfer transactions; |
• | the impact of accounting guidance and accounting changes on our business or financial results, including the impact of impairment accounting guidance; |
• | mortgage market and economic conditions (including home price appreciation rates) and the impact of such conditions on our business or financial results; |
• | the risks to our business; |
• | our loss reserves; |
• | our serious delinquency rate and the factors that will affect our serious delinquency rate; |
• | our single-family loan acquisitions and the credit risk profile of such acquisitions; and |
• | our response to legal and regulatory proceedings and their impact on our business or financial condition. |
Forward-looking statements reflect our management’s expectations, forecasts or predictions of future conditions, events or results based on various assumptions and management’s estimates of trends and economic factors in the markets in which we are active, as well as our business plans. They are not guarantees of future performance. By their nature, forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in these forward-looking statements.
There are a number of factors that could cause actual conditions, events or results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements contained in this report, including, but not limited to, the following:
• | the uncertainty of our future; |
• | future legislative and regulatory requirements or changes affecting us, such as the enactment of housing finance reform legislation; |
• | actions by FHFA, Treasury, HUD or other regulators that affect our business; |
• | changes in the structure and regulation of the financial services industry; |
• | the timing and level of, as well as regional variation in, home price changes; |
• | changes in interest rates and credit spreads; |
• | changes in unemployment rates and other macroeconomic and housing market conditions; |
• | credit availability; |
• | disruptions in the housing and credit markets; |
• | changes in the fiscal and monetary policies of the Federal Reserve, including implementation of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet normalization program; |
• | our future guaranty fee pricing and the impact of that pricing on our competitive environment and guaranty fee revenues; |
• | the volume of mortgage originations; |
• | the size, composition and quality of our guaranty book of business and retained mortgage portfolio; |
• | our market share; |
• | the life of the loans in our guaranty book of business; |
• | challenges we face in retaining and hiring qualified executives and other employees; |
• | our future serious delinquency rates; |
• | the deteriorated credit performance of many loans in our guaranty book of business; |
• | the conservatorship and its effect on our business; |
• | the investment by Treasury and its effect on our business; |
• | adverse effects from activities we undertake to support the mortgage market and help borrowers; |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 46 | |
MD&A | Forward-Looking Statements | ||
• | actions we may be required to take by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator, such as changes in the type of business we do or implementation of the Single Security Initiative; |
• | limitations on our business imposed by FHFA, in its role as our conservator or as our regulator; |
• | our future objectives and activities in support of those objectives, including actions we may take to reach additional underserved creditworthy borrowers; |
• | a decrease in our credit ratings; |
• | limitations on our ability to access the debt capital markets; |
• | significant changes in modification and foreclosure activity; |
• | the volume and pace of future nonperforming and reperforming loan sales and their impact on our results and serious delinquency rates; |
• | changes in borrower behavior; |
• | the effectiveness of our loss mitigation strategies, management of our REO inventory and pursuit of contractual remedies; |
• | defaults by one or more institutional counterparties; |
• | resolution or settlement agreements we may enter into with our counterparties; |
• | our need to rely on third parties to fully achieve some of our corporate objectives; |
• | our reliance on mortgage servicers; |
• | changes in GAAP, guidance by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and changes to our accounting policies; |
• | changes in the fair value of our assets and liabilities; |
• | operational control weaknesses; |
• | our reliance on models and future updates we make to our models, including the assumptions used by these models; |
• | global political risks; |
• | natural disasters, environmental disasters, terrorist attacks, pandemics or other major disruptive events; |
• | cyber attacks or other information security breaches or threats; and |
• | those factors described in “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K. |
Readers are cautioned to place forward-looking statements in this report or that we make from time to time into proper context by carefully considering the factors discussed in “Risk Factors” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements are representative only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required under the federal securities laws.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 47 | |
Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | ||
Item 1. Financial Statements
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions, except share amounts)
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
ASSETS | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 10,248 | $ | 32,110 | |||||||
Restricted cash (includes $21,420 and $22,132, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | 27,112 | 28,150 | |||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 39,701 | 19,470 | |||||||||
Investments in securities: | |||||||||||
Trading, at fair value (includes $1,078 and $747, respectively, pledged as collateral) | 40,097 | 34,679 | |||||||||
Available-for-sale, at fair value | 3,888 | 4,843 | |||||||||
Total investments in securities | 43,985 | 39,522 | |||||||||
Mortgage loans: | |||||||||||
Loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | 11,366 | 4,988 | |||||||||
Loans held for investment, at amortized cost: | |||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | 147,270 | 162,809 | |||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 3,057,884 | 3,029,812 | |||||||||
Total loans held for investment (includes $10,095 and $10,596, respectively, at fair value) | 3,205,154 | 3,192,621 | |||||||||
Allowance for loan losses | (18,734 | ) | (19,084 | ) | |||||||
Total loans held for investment, net of allowance | 3,186,420 | 3,173,537 | |||||||||
Total mortgage loans | 3,197,786 | 3,178,525 | |||||||||
Deferred tax assets, net | 16,517 | 17,350 | |||||||||
Accrued interest receivable, net (includes $7,535 and $7,560, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | 8,076 | 8,133 | |||||||||
Acquired property, net | 3,044 | 3,220 | |||||||||
Other assets | 17,933 | 19,049 | |||||||||
Total assets | $ | 3,364,402 | $ | 3,345,529 | |||||||
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (DEFICIT) | |||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||
Accrued interest payable (includes $8,682 and $8,598, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | $ | 9,773 | $ | 9,682 | |||||||
Debt: | |||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae (includes $7,860 and $8,186, respectively, at fair value) | 265,401 | 276,752 | |||||||||
Of consolidated trusts (includes $28,637 and $30,493, respectively, at fair value) | 3,075,071 | 3,053,302 | |||||||||
Other liabilities (includes $389 and $492, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | 10,219 | 9,479 | |||||||||
Total liabilities | 3,360,464 | 3,349,215 | |||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) | — | — | |||||||||
Fannie Mae stockholders’ equity (deficit): | |||||||||||
Senior preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares issued and outstanding | 120,836 | 117,149 | |||||||||
Preferred stock, 700,000,000 shares are authorized—555,374,922 shares issued and outstanding | 19,130 | 19,130 | |||||||||
Common stock, no par value, no maximum authorization—1,308,762,703 shares issued and 1,158,087,567 shares outstanding | 687 | 687 | |||||||||
Accumulated deficit | (129,662 | ) | (133,805 | ) | |||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 347 | 553 | |||||||||
Treasury stock, at cost, 150,675,136 shares | (7,400 | ) | (7,400 | ) | |||||||
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) (See Note 1: Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock for information on our dividend obligation to Treasury) | 3,938 | (3,686 | ) | ||||||||
Total liabilities and equity (deficit) | $ | 3,364,402 | $ | 3,345,529 | |||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 48 | |
Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income | ||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income — (Unaudited)
(Dollars and shares in millions, except per share amounts)
For the Three Months | |||||||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Interest income: | |||||||||||
Trading securities | $ | 236 | $ | 142 | |||||||
Available-for-sale securities | 71 | 101 | |||||||||
Mortgage loans (includes $26,298 and $24,954, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | 28,034 | 27,047 | |||||||||
Other | 173 | 94 | |||||||||
Total interest income | 28,514 | 27,384 | |||||||||
Interest expense: | |||||||||||
Short-term debt | (107 | ) | (44 | ) | |||||||
Long-term debt (includes $21,715 and $20,308, respectively, related to consolidated trusts) | (23,175 | ) | (21,994 | ) | |||||||
Total interest expense | (23,282 | ) | (22,038 | ) | |||||||
Net interest income | 5,232 | 5,346 | |||||||||
Benefit for credit losses | 217 | 396 | |||||||||
Net interest income after benefit for credit losses | 5,449 | 5,742 | |||||||||
Investment gains (losses), net | 250 | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net | 1,045 | (40 | ) | ||||||||
Fee and other income | 320 | 249 | |||||||||
Non-interest income | 1,615 | 200 | |||||||||
Administrative expenses: | |||||||||||
Salaries and employee benefits | (381 | ) | (344 | ) | |||||||
Professional services | (243 | ) | (229 | ) | |||||||
Other administrative expenses | (126 | ) | (111 | ) | |||||||
Total administrative expenses | (750 | ) | (684 | ) | |||||||
Foreclosed property expense | (162 | ) | (217 | ) | |||||||
Temporary Payroll Tax Cut Continuation Act of 2011 (“TCCA”) fees | (557 | ) | (503 | ) | |||||||
Other expenses, net | (203 | ) | (382 | ) | |||||||
Total expenses | (1,672 | ) | (1,786 | ) | |||||||
Income before federal income taxes | 5,392 | 4,156 | |||||||||
Provision for federal income taxes | (1,131 | ) | (1,383 | ) | |||||||
Net income | 4,261 | 2,773 | |||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes | (320 | ) | 8 | ||||||||
Other | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | |||||||
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (323 | ) | 6 | ||||||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 3,938 | $ | 2,779 | |||||||
Net income | $ | 4,261 | $ | 2,773 | |||||||
Dividends distributed or available for distribution to senior preferred stockholder | (938 | ) | (2,779 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders | $ | 3,323 | $ | (6 | ) | ||||||
Earnings (loss) per share: | |||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.58 | $ | 0.00 | |||||||
Diluted | 0.56 | 0.00 | |||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||
Basic | 5,762 | 5,762 | |||||||||
Diluted | 5,893 | 5,762 | |||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 49 | |
Financial Statements | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | ||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — (Unaudited)
(Dollars in millions)
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | (1,409 | ) | $ | 2,619 | ||||||
Cash flows provided by investing activities: | |||||||||||
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of trading securities held for investment | 110 | 579 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales of trading securities held for investment | — | 66 | |||||||||
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of available-for-sale securities | 266 | 594 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | 648 | 151 | |||||||||
Purchases of loans held for investment | (40,045 | ) | (41,206 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from repayments of loans acquired as held for investment of Fannie Mae | 4,164 | 6,718 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sales of loans acquired as held for investment of Fannie Mae | 80 | — | |||||||||
Proceeds from repayments and sales of loans acquired as held for investment of consolidated trusts | 96,626 | 97,415 | |||||||||
Advances to lenders | (27,898 | ) | (28,703 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from disposition of acquired property and preforeclosure sales | 2,360 | 3,454 | |||||||||
Net change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | (20,231 | ) | (4,845 | ) | |||||||
Other, net | (264 | ) | (330 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by investing activities | 15,816 | 33,893 | |||||||||
Cash flows used in financing activities: | |||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of debt of Fannie Mae | 288,281 | 230,272 | |||||||||
Payments to redeem debt of Fannie Mae | (299,797 | ) | (230,601 | ) | |||||||
Proceeds from issuance of debt of consolidated trusts | 89,493 | 78,443 | |||||||||
Payments to redeem debt of consolidated trusts | (119,413 | ) | (119,208 | ) | |||||||
Payments of cash dividends on senior preferred stock to Treasury | — | (5,471 | ) | ||||||||
Proceeds from senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury | 3,687 | — | |||||||||
Other, net | 442 | 185 | |||||||||
Net cash used in financing activities | (37,307 | ) | (46,380 | ) | |||||||
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (22,900 | ) | (9,868 | ) | |||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 60,260 | 62,177 | |||||||||
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 37,360 | $ | 52,309 | |||||||
Cash paid during the period for: | |||||||||||
Interest | $ | 27,041 | $ | 25,954 | |||||||
Income taxes | — | — | |||||||||
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 50 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||
FANNIE MAE
(In conservatorship)
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
We are a stockholder-owned corporation organized and existing under the Federal National Mortgage Association Charter Act (the “Charter Act” or our “charter”). We are a government-sponsored enterprise and we are subject to government oversight and regulation. Our regulators include the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”), the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”). The U.S. government does not guarantee our securities or other obligations.
We have been under conservatorship, with FHFA acting as conservator, since September 6, 2008. See “Note 1, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 (“2017 Form 10-K”) for additional information on our conservatorship and the impact of U.S. government support of our business.
The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018, and related notes, should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the SEC’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and note disclosures required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts as well as the accounts of other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. To conform to our current period presentation, we have reclassified certain amounts reported in our prior periods’ condensed consolidated financial statements. Results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 may not necessarily be indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2018.
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
On January 1, 2018, we adopted new accounting guidance that requires us to include in total cash and cash equivalents on the statement of cash flows the cash and cash equivalents that have restrictions on withdrawal or use. This guidance was applied retrospectively to the statement of cash flows for the prior period presented. As a result of this adoption, the net change in restricted cash that results from transfers between cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash will no longer be presented as an investing activity in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. Additionally, we adopted new accounting guidance that clarified the classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments. This guidance was applied retrospectively to the statement of cash flows for the prior period presented. The adoption did not have a material impact to our statement of cash flows.
Reclassification to Retained Earnings Resulting from the Enactment of the Tax Act
In February 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance allowing a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax amounts resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (“Tax Act”). GAAP requires the effect of changes in tax laws or rates on deferred taxes to be included in continuing operations in the reporting period that includes the enactment date. This applies even in situations in which the initial tax effects were recognized directly in other comprehensive income at a historical corporate income tax rate resulting in stranded tax amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income related to the corporate income tax rate differential. The guidance is effective beginning for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. We have elected to early adopt the guidance by reclassifying such stranded tax amounts, which were $117 million as of January 1, 2018, from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 51 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||
Use of Estimates
Preparing condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of our condensed consolidated financial statements, as well as our reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management has made significant estimates in a variety of areas including, but not limited to, valuation of certain financial instruments and allowance for loan losses. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock
Treasury has made a commitment under the senior preferred stock purchase agreement to provide funding to us under certain circumstances if we have a net worth deficit. On March 30, 2018, we received $3.7 billion from Treasury to eliminate our net worth deficit as of December 31, 2017. Pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we have received a total of $119.8 billion from Treasury as of March 31, 2018, and the amount of remaining funding available to us under the agreement was $113.9 billion. Because we had a positive net worth of $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018, we will not be required to draw additional funds from Treasury pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement for this quarter.
Pursuant to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement, we issued shares of senior preferred stock to Treasury in 2008. Acting as successor to the rights, titles, powers and privileges of the Board, our conservator has declared and directed us to pay dividends to Treasury on the senior preferred stock on a quarterly basis for every dividend period for which dividends were payable since we entered into conservatorship in 2008. Effective January 1, 2018, the dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock provide for quarterly dividends consisting of the amount, if any, by which our net worth as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds a $3.0 billion capital reserve amount. We refer to this as a “net worth sweep” dividend. Because we had a net worth deficit as of December 31, 2017, no dividend was payable to Treasury on the senior preferred stock for the first quarter of 2018. Because we had a positive net worth of $3.9 billion as of March 31, 2018, we expect to pay Treasury a dividend of $938 million for the second quarter of 2018 by June 30, 2018.
The liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock is subject to adjustment. The aggregate liquidation preference of the senior preferred stock was $123.8 billion as of March 31, 2018.
See “Note 11, Equity (Deficit)” in our 2017 Form 10-K for additional information about the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and the senior preferred stock.
Regulatory Capital
We submit capital reports to FHFA, which monitors our capital levels. The deficit of core capital over statutory minimum capital was $140.2 billion as of March 31, 2018 and $144.4 billion as of December 31, 2017. Due to the terms of our senior preferred stock described above, we do not expect to eliminate our deficit of core capital over statutory minimum capital.
Related Parties
As a result of our issuance to Treasury of the warrant to purchase shares of Fannie Mae common stock equal to 79.9% of the total number of shares of Fannie Mae common stock, we and Treasury are deemed related parties. As of March 31, 2018, Treasury held an investment in our senior preferred stock with an aggregate liquidation preference of $123.8 billion. FHFA’s control of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac has caused Fannie Mae, FHFA and Freddie Mac to be deemed related parties. In 2013, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac established Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), a jointly owned limited liability company to operate a common securitization platform; therefore, CSS is deemed a related party.
Transactions with Treasury
Our administrative expenses were reduced by $7 million and $12 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017, respectively, due to reimbursements from Treasury and Freddie Mac for expenses incurred as program administrator for Treasury’s Home Affordable Modification Program and other initiatives under Treasury’s Making Home Affordable Program.
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we did not make any payments to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), a bureau of Treasury.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 52 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||
In 2009, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with Treasury, FHFA and Freddie Mac pursuant to which we agreed to provide assistance to state and local housing finance agencies (“HFAs”) through certain programs, including a new issue bond (“NIB”) program. As of March 31, 2018, under the NIB program, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had $4.8 billion outstanding of pass-through securities backed by single-family and multifamily housing bonds issued by HFAs, which is less than 35% of the total original principal under the program, the amount of losses that Treasury would bear. Accordingly, we do not have a potential risk of loss under the NIB program.
The fee revenue and expense related to the TCCA are recorded in “Mortgage loans interest income” and “TCCA fees,” respectively, in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We recognized $557 million and $503 million in TCCA fees during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of which $557 million had not been remitted to Treasury as of March 31, 2018.
We incurred expenses in connection with certain funding obligations under the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety and Soundness Act of 1992, as amended by the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “GSE Act”), a portion of which is attributable to Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund. These expenses, recognized in “Other expenses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, were measured as the product of 4.2 basis points and the unpaid principal balance of our total new business purchases for the respective period. We recognized $18 million and $15 million in “Other expenses, net” in connection with Treasury’s Capital Magnet Fund for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, of which $18 million had not been remitted as of March 31, 2018.
In addition to the transactions with Treasury mentioned above, we purchase and sell Treasury securities in the normal course of business. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held Treasury securities with a fair value of $33.2 billion and $29.2 billion, respectively, and accrued interest receivable of $87 million and $77 million, respectively. We recognized interest income on these securities held by us of $129 million and $63 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Transactions with Freddie Mac
As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we held Freddie Mac mortgage-related securities with a fair value of $579 million and $613 million, respectively, and accrued interest receivable of $2 million. We recognized interest income on these securities held by us of $7 million and $13 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. In addition, Freddie Mac may be an investor in variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that we have consolidated, and we may be an investor in VIEs that Freddie Mac has consolidated. Freddie Mac may also be an investor in our debt securities.
Transactions with FHFA
The GSE Act authorizes FHFA to establish an annual assessment for regulated entities, including Fannie Mae, which is payable on a semi-annual basis (April and October), for FHFA’s costs and expenses, as well as to maintain FHFA’s working capital. We recognized FHFA assessment fees, which are recorded in “Administrative expenses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, of $29 million and $30 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Transactions with CSS
In connection with our jointly owned company with Freddie Mac, we contributed capital to CSS of $41 million and $35 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. No other transactions outside of normal business activities have occurred between us and CSS during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.
Income Taxes
The decrease in our provision for federal income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2018 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2017 was the result of the Tax Act, which reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. This decline in the federal corporate income tax rate was the primary driver of the reduction in our effective tax rate to 21.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2018, compared with 33.3% for the same period in 2017.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 53 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | ||
Earnings (Loss) per Share
Earnings (loss) per share (“EPS”) is presented for basic and diluted EPS. We compute basic EPS by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. However, as a result of our conservatorship status and the terms of the senior preferred stock, no amounts are available to distribute as dividends to common or preferred stockholders (other than to Treasury as holder of the senior preferred stock). Weighted average common shares includes 4.6 billion shares for the periods ended March 31, 2018 and 2017 that would be issued upon the full exercise of the warrant issued to Treasury from the date the warrant was issued through March 31, 2018 and 2017.
The calculation of diluted EPS includes all the components of basic earnings per share, plus the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents such as convertible securities and stock options. Weighted average shares outstanding is increased to include the number of additional common shares that would have been outstanding if the dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Our diluted EPS weighted average shares outstanding includes 131 million shares of convertible preferred stock for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. For the quarter ended March 31, 2017, convertible preferred stock is not included in the calculation because a net loss attributable to common stockholders was incurred and it would have an anti-dilutive effect.
New Accounting Guidance
In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance, which we adopted on January 1, 2018, that amends certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of financial instruments. The adoption of these amendments did not have a material effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued guidance that changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. For loans, held-to-maturity debt securities and other financial assets recorded at amortized cost, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that will replace today’s “incurred loss” model and generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for loan losses. The guidance is effective on January 1, 2020 with early adoption permitted on January 1, 2019. We will adopt the standard on January 1, 2020. We will recognize the impact of the new guidance through a cumulative effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption. We are continuing to evaluate the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We expect the greater impact of the guidance to relate to our accounting for credit losses for loans that are not individually impaired. The adoption of this guidance may decrease, perhaps substantially, our retained earnings and increase our allowance for loan losses.
2. Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets
We have interests in various entities that are considered to be VIEs. The primary types of entities are securitization trusts and limited partnerships. These interests include investments in securities issued by VIEs, such as Fannie Mae MBS created pursuant to our securitization transactions and our guaranty to the entity. We consolidate the substantial majority of our single-class securitization trusts because our role as guarantor and master servicer provides us with the power to direct matters (primarily the servicing of mortgage loans) that impact the credit risk to which we are exposed. In contrast, we do not consolidate single-class securitization trusts when other organizations have the power to direct these activities.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 54 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets | ||
Unconsolidated VIEs
We do not consolidate VIEs when we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary. Our unconsolidated VIEs include securitization trusts and limited partnerships. The following table displays the carrying amount and classification of our assets and liabilities that relate to our involvement with unconsolidated securitization trusts.
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 1,679 | $ | 3,809 | |||||||
Non-Fannie Mae | 5,100 | 1,580 | |||||||||
Total trading securities | 6,779 | 5,389 | |||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||
Fannie Mae | 1,904 | 2,032 | |||||||||
Non-Fannie Mae | 1,373 | 2,062 | |||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | 3,277 | 4,094 | |||||||||
Other assets | 73 | 74 | |||||||||
Other liabilities | (114 | ) | (467 | ) | |||||||
Net carrying amount | $ | 10,015 | $ | 9,090 | |||||||
Our maximum exposure to loss generally represents the greater of our recorded investment in the entity or the unpaid principal balance of the assets covered by our guaranty. However, our securities issued by Fannie Mae multi-class resecuritization trusts that are not consolidated do not give rise to any additional exposure to loss as we already consolidate the underlying collateral. The maximum exposure to loss related to unconsolidated mortgage-backed trusts was approximately $15 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. The total assets of our unconsolidated securitization trusts were approximately $70 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
The maximum exposure to loss for our unconsolidated limited partnerships and similar legal entities, which consist of low-income housing tax credit investments, community investments and other entities, was $102 million and the related carrying value was $80 million as of March 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2017, the maximum exposure to loss was $105 million and the related carrying value was $82 million. The total assets of these limited partnership investments were $3.2 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
The unpaid principal balance of our multifamily loan portfolio was $269.3 billion as of March 31, 2018. As our lending relationship does not provide us with a controlling financial interest in the borrower entity, we do not consolidate these borrowers regardless of their status as either a VIE or a voting interest entity. We have excluded these entities from our VIE disclosures. However, the disclosures we have provided in “Note 3, Mortgage Loans,” “Note 4, Allowance for Loan Losses” and “Note 6, Financial Guarantees” with respect to this population are consistent with the FASB’s stated objectives for the disclosures related to unconsolidated VIEs.
Transfers of Financial Assets
We issue Fannie Mae MBS through portfolio securitization transactions by transferring pools of mortgage loans or mortgage-related securities to one or more trusts or special purpose entities. We are considered to be the transferor when we transfer assets from our own retained mortgage portfolio in a portfolio securitization transaction. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the unpaid principal balance of portfolio securitizations was $64.3 billion and $57.3 billion, respectively.
We retain interests from the transfer and sale of mortgage-related securities to unconsolidated single-class and multi-class portfolio securitization trusts. As of March 31, 2018, the unpaid principal balance of retained interests was $1.6 billion and its related fair value was $2.6 billion. The unpaid principal balance of retained interests was $3.9 billion and its related fair value was $4.7 billion as of December 31, 2017. For the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the principal and interest received on retained interests was $226 million and $257 million, respectively.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 55 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Consolidations and Transfers of Financial Assets | ||
Managed Loans
Managed loans are on-balance sheet mortgage loans, as well as mortgage loans that we have securitized in unconsolidated portfolio securitization trusts. The unpaid principal balance of securitized loans in unconsolidated portfolio securitization trusts, which are primarily loans that are guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government, was $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. For information on our on-balance sheet mortgage loans, see “Note 3, Mortgage Loans.”
3. Mortgage Loans
We own single-family mortgage loans, which are secured by four or fewer residential dwelling units, and multifamily mortgage loans, which are secured by five or more residential dwelling units. We classify these loans as either held for investment (“HFI”) or held for sale (“HFS”). We report the carrying value of HFI loans at the unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and an allowance for loan losses. We report the carrying value of HFS loans at the lower of cost or fair value and record valuation changes in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We define the recorded investment of HFI loans as unpaid principal balance, net of unamortized premiums and discounts, other cost basis adjustments, and accrued interest receivable.
For purposes of the single-family mortgage loan disclosures below, we define “primary” class as mortgage loans that are not included in other loan classes; “government” class as mortgage loans that are guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, and that are not Alt-A; and “other” class as loans with higher-risk characteristics, such as interest-only loans and negative-amortizing loans, that are neither government nor Alt-A.
The following table displays the carrying value of our mortgage loans.
As of | |||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Single-family | $ | 2,907,387 | $ | 2,890,634 | |||
Multifamily | 269,316 | 265,069 | |||||
Total unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans | 3,176,703 | 3,155,703 | |||||
Cost basis and fair value adjustments, net | 39,817 | 41,906 | |||||
Allowance for loan losses for loans held for investment | (18,734 | ) | (19,084 | ) | |||
Total mortgage loans | $ | 3,197,786 | $ | 3,178,525 | |||
During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we redesignated loans with a carrying value of $7.4 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, from HFI to HFS. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, we redesignated loans with a carrying value of $18 million and $35 million from HFS to HFI. We sold loans with an unpaid principal balance of $748 million and $93 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 and March 31, 2017 respectively.
The recorded investment of single-family mortgage loans for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $12.7 billion and $13.0 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. As a result of our various loss mitigation and foreclosure prevention efforts, we expect that a portion of the loans in the process of formal foreclosure proceedings will not ultimately foreclose.
Nonaccrual Loans
We discontinue accruing interest on loans when we believe collectibility of principal or interest is not reasonably assured, which for a single-family loan we have determined, based on our historical experience, to be when the loan becomes two months or more past due according to its contractual terms. Interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed through interest income at the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status. We return a non-modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower brings the loan current. We return a modified single-family loan to accrual status at the point that the borrower successfully makes all required payments during the trial period (generally three to four months) and the modification is made permanent. We place a multifamily loan on nonaccrual status when the loan becomes three months or more past due according to its contractual terms or is deemed to be individually impaired, unless the loan is well secured such that
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 56 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||
collectibility of principal and accrued interest is reasonably assured. We return a multifamily loan to accrual status when the borrower cures the delinquency of the loan or we otherwise determine that the loan is well secured such that collectibility is reasonably assured.
Aging Analysis
The following tables display an aging analysis of the total recorded investment in our HFI mortgage loans by portfolio segment and class, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 - 59 Days Delinquent | 60 - 89 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | Total Delinquent | Current | Total | Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest | Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | $ | 25,517 | $ | 7,457 | $ | 22,387 | $ | 55,361 | $ | 2,766,596 | $ | 2,821,957 | $ | 36 | $ | 34,039 | |||||||||||||||
Government(2) | 44 | 19 | 184 | 247 | 25,050 | 25,297 | 184 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 2,632 | 939 | 3,047 | 6,618 | 57,586 | 64,204 | 4 | 4,558 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 915 | 350 | 1,126 | 2,391 | 18,011 | 20,402 | 3 | 1,658 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 29,108 | 8,765 | 26,744 | 64,617 | 2,867,243 | 2,931,860 | 227 | 40,255 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily(3) | 94 | N/A | 291 | 385 | 270,703 | 271,088 | — | 524 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 29,202 | $ | 8,765 | $ | 27,035 | $ | 65,002 | $ | 3,137,946 | $ | 3,202,948 | $ | 227 | $ | 40,779 | |||||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 - 59 Days Delinquent | 60 - 89 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(1) | Total Delinquent | Current | Total | Recorded Investment in Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Accruing Interest | Recorded Investment in Nonaccrual Loans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | $ | 35,582 | $ | 10,396 | $ | 23,999 | $ | 69,977 | $ | 2,732,818 | $ | 2,802,795 | $ | 87 | $ | 37,971 | |||||||||||||||
Government(2) | 55 | 21 | 206 | 282 | 30,807 | 31,089 | 206 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 3,186 | 1,147 | 3,418 | 7,751 | 59,475 | 67,226 | 5 | 5,094 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 1,185 | 411 | 1,252 | 2,848 | 19,016 | 21,864 | 5 | 1,834 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 40,008 | 11,975 | 28,875 | 80,858 | 2,842,116 | 2,922,974 | 303 | 44,899 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily(3) | 26 | N/A | 276 | 302 | 266,699 | 267,001 | — | 424 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 40,034 | $ | 11,975 | $ | 29,151 | $ | 81,160 | $ | 3,108,815 | $ | 3,189,975 | $ | 303 | $ | 45,323 | |||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Single-family seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process. Multifamily seriously delinquent loans are loans that are 60 days or more past due. |
(2) | Primarily consists of reverse mortgages, which due to their nature, are not aged and are included in the current column. |
(3) | Multifamily loans 60-89 days delinquent are included in the seriously delinquent column. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 57 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||
Credit Quality Indicators
The following table displays the total recorded investment in our single-family HFI loans by class and credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018(1) | December 31, 2017(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | Alt-A | Other | Primary | Alt-A | Other | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio:(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Less than or equal to 80% | $ | 2,454,704 | $ | 50,556 | $ | 15,618 | $ | 2,439,858 | $ | 51,903 | $ | 16,428 | |||||||||||
Greater than 80% and less than or equal to 90% | 239,258 | 6,094 | 2,037 | 238,038 | 6,680 | 2,277 | |||||||||||||||||
Greater than 90% and less than or equal to 100% | 111,063 | 3,590 | 1,273 | 106,076 | 4,044 | 1,443 | |||||||||||||||||
Greater than 100% | 16,932 | 3,964 | 1,474 | 18,823 | 4,599 | 1,716 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,821,957 | $ | 64,204 | $ | 20,402 | $ | 2,802,795 | $ | 67,226 | $ | 21,864 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | Excludes $25.3 billion and $31.1 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, of mortgage loans guaranteed or insured, in whole or in part, by the U.S. government or one of its agencies, that are not Alt-A loans. The segment class is primarily reverse mortgages for which we do not calculate an estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio. |
(2) | The aggregate estimated mark-to-market LTV ratio is based on the unpaid principal balance of the loan as of the end of each reported period divided by the estimated current value of the property, which we calculate using an internal valuation model that estimates periodic changes in home value. |
The following table displays the total recorded investment in our multifamily HFI loans by credit quality indicator, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Credit risk profile by internally assigned grade: | |||||||||||
Non-classified | $ | 267,093 | $ | 263,416 | |||||||
Classified:(1) | |||||||||||
Substandard | 3,993 | 3,585 | |||||||||
Doubtful | 2 | — | |||||||||
Total classified | 3,995 | 3,585 | |||||||||
Total | $ | 271,088 | $ | 267,001 | |||||||
_________
(1) | A loan classified as “Substandard” has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the timely full repayment. “Doubtful” refers to a loan with a weakness that makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on existing conditions and values. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 58 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||
Individually Impaired Loans
Individually impaired loans include troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”), acquired credit-impaired loans and multifamily loans that we have assessed as probable that we will not collect all contractual amounts due, regardless of whether we are currently accruing interest; excluding loans classified as HFS. The following tables display the total unpaid principal balance, recorded investment, related allowance, average recorded investment and interest income recognized for individually impaired loans.
As of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unpaid Principal Balance | Total Recorded Investment | Related Allowance for Loan Losses | Unpaid Principal Balance | Total Recorded Investment | Related Allowance for Loan Losses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Individually impaired loans: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With related allowance recorded: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | $ | 93,426 | $ | 89,354 | $ | (12,026 | ) | $ | 91,194 | $ | 86,864 | $ | (11,652 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Government | 271 | 273 | (55 | ) | 276 | 279 | (56 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 22,005 | 20,086 | (3,907 | ) | 23,077 | 21,045 | (4,046 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 8,044 | 7,588 | (1,438 | ) | 8,488 | 8,006 | (1,493 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 123,746 | 117,301 | (17,426 | ) | 123,035 | 116,194 | (17,247 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 235 | 236 | (41 | ) | 279 | 280 | (42 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded | 123,981 | 117,537 | (17,467 | ) | 123,314 | 116,474 | (17,289 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With no related allowance recorded:(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | 15,672 | 14,878 | — | 16,027 | 15,158 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | 66 | 60 | — | 66 | 60 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 3,141 | 2,796 | — | 3,253 | 2,870 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 951 | 882 | — | 988 | 909 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 19,830 | 18,616 | — | 20,334 | 18,997 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 351 | 353 | — | 308 | 310 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded | 20,181 | 18,969 | — | 20,642 | 19,307 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans(2) | $ | 144,162 | $ | 136,506 | $ | (17,467 | ) | $ | 143,956 | $ | 135,781 | $ | (17,289 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 59 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Average Recorded Investment | Total Interest Income Recognized(3) | Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis | Average Recorded Investment | Total Interest Income Recognized(3) | Interest Income Recognized on a Cash Basis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Individually impaired loans: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With related allowance recorded: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | $ | 88,411 | $ | 911 | $ | 107 | $ | 98,223 | $ | 986 | $ | 88 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | 276 | 3 | — | 301 | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 20,708 | 212 | 16 | 25,550 | 249 | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 7,854 | 71 | 5 | 10,171 | 87 | 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 117,249 | 1,197 | 128 | 134,245 | 1,325 | 108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 258 | — | — | 311 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans with related allowance recorded | 117,507 | 1,197 | 128 | 134,556 | 1,327 | 108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
With no related allowance recorded:(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | 15,007 | 243 | 26 | 14,988 | 289 | 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Government | 60 | — | — | 61 | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 2,842 | 58 | 4 | 3,087 | 73 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 900 | 16 | 1 | 1,067 | 23 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 18,809 | 317 | 31 | 19,203 | 386 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 331 | 2 | — | 283 | 3 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans with no related allowance recorded | 19,140 | 319 | 31 | 19,486 | 389 | 27 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total individually impaired loans | $ | 136,647 | $ | 1,516 | $ | 159 | $ | 154,042 | $ | 1,716 | $ | 135 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | The discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the carrying value of the loan and, as such, no valuation allowance is required. |
(2) | Includes single-family loans classified as a TDR with a recorded investment of $135.5 billion and $134.7 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Includes multifamily loans classified as a TDR with a recorded investment of $212 million and $185 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
(3) | Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2018 consists of $1.3 billion of contractual interest and $166 million of effective yield adjustments. Total single-family interest income recognized of $1.7 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2017 consists of $1.4 billion of contractual interest and $268 million of effective yield adjustments. |
Troubled Debt Restructurings
A modification to the contractual terms of a loan that results in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties is considered a TDR. In addition to formal loan modifications, we also engage in other loss mitigation activities with troubled borrowers, which include repayment plans and forbearance arrangements, both of which represent informal agreements with the borrower that do not result in the legal modification of the loan’s contractual terms. We account for these informal restructurings as a TDR if we defer more than three missed payments. We also classify loans to certain borrowers who have received bankruptcy relief as TDRs.
The substantial majority of the loan modifications we complete result in term extensions, interest rate reductions or a combination of both. During the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the average term extension of a single-family modified loan was 144 months and 153 months, respectively, and the average interest rate reduction was 0.31 and 0.94 percentage points, respectively.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 60 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Mortgage Loans | ||
The following table displays the number of loans and recorded investment in loans classified as a TDR.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | 41,679 | $ | 6,524 | 17,235 | $ | 2,363 | |||||||||||||||
Government | 48 | 4 | 61 | 6 | |||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 2,182 | 283 | 1,565 | 224 | |||||||||||||||||
Other | 445 | 84 | 309 | 53 | |||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 44,354 | 6,895 | 19,170 | 2,646 | |||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 8 | 42 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs | 44,362 | $ | 6,937 | 19,170 | $ | 2,646 | |||||||||||||||
The increase in loans classified as a TDR for the three months ended March 31, 2018 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2017 was primarily attributable to single-family loan modifications and other forms of loss mitigation in the areas affected by Hurricanes Harvey, Irma and Maria that resulted in a restructuring of the terms of these loans.
The following table displays the number of loans and our recorded investment in these loans at the time of payment default for loans that were classified as a TDR in the twelve months prior to the payment default. For purposes of this disclosure, we define loans that had a payment default as: single-family and multifamily loans with completed TDRs that liquidated during the period, either through foreclosure, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or a short sale; single-family loans with completed modifications that are two or more months delinquent during the period; or multifamily loans with completed modifications that are one or more months delinquent during the period.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | Number of Loans | Recorded Investment | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Single-family: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Primary | 4,818 | $ | 701 | 4,479 | $ | 621 | |||||||||||||||
Government | 14 | 2 | 19 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Alt-A | 677 | 109 | 614 | 96 | |||||||||||||||||
Other | 195 | 38 | 201 | 38 | |||||||||||||||||
Total single-family | 5,704 | 850 | 5,313 | 757 | |||||||||||||||||
Multifamily | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Total TDRs that subsequently defaulted | 5,705 | $ | 852 | 5,314 | $ | 761 | |||||||||||||||
4. Allowance for Loan Losses
We maintain an allowance for loan losses for HFI loans held by Fannie Mae and loans backing Fannie Mae MBS issued from consolidated trusts. When calculating our allowance for loan losses, we consider the unpaid principal balance, net of amortized premiums and discounts, and other cost basis adjustments of HFI loans at the balance sheet date. We record charge-offs as a reduction to our allowance for loan losses at the point of foreclosure, completion of a short sale, upon the redesignation of loans from HFI to HFS or when a loan is determined to be uncollectible.
We aggregate single-family HFI loans that are not individually impaired based on similar risk characteristics for purposes of estimating incurred credit losses and establishing a collective single-family loss reserve using an econometric model that derives an overall loss reserve estimate. We base our allowance methodology on historical events and trends, such as loss severity (in event of default), default rates, and recoveries from mortgage insurance contracts and other credit enhancements that provide loan level loss coverage and are either
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 61 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses | ||
contractually attached to a loan or that were entered into contemporaneously with and in contemplation of a guaranty or loan purchase transaction. We use recent regional historical sales and appraisal information including the sales of our own foreclosed properties, to develop our loss severity estimates for all loan categories. Our allowance calculation also incorporates a loss confirmation period (the anticipated time lag between a credit loss event and the confirmation of the credit loss resulting from that event) to ensure our allowance estimate captures credit losses that have been incurred as of the balance sheet date but have not been confirmed. In addition, management performs a review of the observable data used in its estimate to ensure it is representative of prevailing economic conditions and other events existing as of the balance sheet date.
Individually impaired single-family loans currently include those classified as a TDR and acquired credit-impaired loans. We consider a loan to be impaired when, based on current information, it is probable that we will not receive all amounts due, including interest, in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan has been restructured, we measure impairment using a cash flow analysis discounted at the loan’s original effective interest rate. If we expect to recover our recorded investment in an individually impaired loan through probable foreclosure of the underlying collateral, we measure impairment based on the fair value of the collateral, reduced by estimated disposal costs and adjusted for estimated proceeds from mortgage, flood, or hazard insurance or similar sources.
We establish a collective allowance for all loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business that are not individually measured for impairment using an internal model that applies loss factors to loans in similar risk categories. Our loss factors are developed based on our historical default and loss severity experience. We identify multifamily loans for evaluation for impairment through a credit risk assessment process. If we determine that a multifamily loan is individually impaired, we generally measure impairment on that loan based on the fair value of the underlying collateral less estimated costs to sell the property, as we have concluded that such loans are collateral dependent. We evaluate collectively for impairment smaller-balance homogeneous multifamily loans.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 62 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Allowance for Loan Losses | ||
The following table displays changes in single-family, multifamily and total allowance for loan losses.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Single-family allowance for loan losses: | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (18,849 | ) | $ | (23,283 | ) | |
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1) | (78 | ) | 420 | ||||
Charge-offs | 465 | 1,040 | |||||
Recoveries | (60 | ) | (85 | ) | |||
Other(2) | (1 | ) | (30 | ) | |||
Ending balance | $ | (18,523 | ) | $ | (21,938 | ) | |
Multifamily allowance for loan losses: | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (235 | ) | $ | (182 | ) | |
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1) | 20 | (9 | ) | ||||
Charge-offs | 4 | — | |||||
Ending balance | $ | (211 | ) | $ | (191 | ) | |
Total allowance for loan losses: | |||||||
Beginning balance | $ | (19,084 | ) | $ | (23,465 | ) | |
Benefit (provision) for loan losses(1) | (58 | ) | 411 | ||||
Charge-offs | 469 | 1,040 | |||||
Recoveries | (60 | ) | (85 | ) | |||
Other(2) | (1 | ) | (30 | ) | |||
Ending balance | $ | (18,734 | ) | $ | (22,129 | ) | |
__________
(1) | Benefit (provision) for loan losses is included in “Benefit for credit losses” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(2) | Amounts represent changes in other loss reserves which are reflected in benefit (provision) for loan losses, charge-offs, and recoveries. |
The following table displays the allowance for loan losses and recorded investment in our HFI loans by impairment or allowance methodology and portfolio segment, excluding loans for which we have elected the fair value option.
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Allowance for loan losses by segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Individually impaired loans(1) | $ | (17,426 | ) | $ | (41 | ) | $ | (17,467 | ) | $ | (17,247 | ) | $ | (42 | ) | $ | (17,289 | ) | |||||
Collectively reserved loans | (1,097 | ) | (170 | ) | (1,267 | ) | (1,602 | ) | (193 | ) | (1,795 | ) | |||||||||||
Total allowance for loan losses | $ | (18,523 | ) | $ | (211 | ) | $ | (18,734 | ) | $ | (18,849 | ) | $ | (235 | ) | $ | (19,084 | ) | |||||
Recorded investment in loans by segment: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Individually impaired loans(1) | $ | 135,917 | $ | 589 | $ | 136,506 | $ | 135,191 | $ | 590 | $ | 135,781 | |||||||||||
Collectively reserved loans | 2,795,943 | 270,499 | 3,066,442 | 2,787,783 | 266,411 | 3,054,194 | |||||||||||||||||
Total recorded investment in loans | $ | 2,931,860 | $ | 271,088 | $ | 3,202,948 | $ | 2,922,974 | $ | 267,001 | $ | 3,189,975 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | Includes acquired credit-impaired loans. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 63 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||
5. Investments in Securities
Trading Securities
Trading securities are recorded at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recorded as “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The following table displays our investments in trading securities.
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||
Fannie Mae(1) | $ | 1,739 | $ | 3,876 | |||||||
Other agency | 2,347 | 1,118 | |||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities(1) | 2,745 | 453 | |||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) | 8 | 9 | |||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Total mortgage-related securities | 6,840 | 5,457 | |||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | 33,160 | 29,222 | |||||||||
Other securities | 97 | — | |||||||||
Total non-mortgage-related securities | 33,257 | 29,222 | |||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 40,097 | $ | 34,679 | |||||||
__________
(1) | The increase in Alt-A and subprime private-label securities and the corresponding decrease in Fannie Mae securities from December 31, 2017 to March 31, 2018 was due to the dissolution of a Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities trust during the period. |
The following table displays information about our net trading gains.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Net trading gains | $ | 98 | $ | 68 | |||
Net trading gains recognized in the period related to securities still held at period end | 76 | 77 | |||||
Available-for-Sale Securities
We record available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, recorded net of tax, as a component of “Other comprehensive income (loss)” and we recognize realized gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
The following table displays the gross realized gains and proceeds on sales of AFS securities.
For the Three Months | |||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Gross realized gains | $ | 363 | $ | 3 | |||
Total proceeds (excludes initial sale of securities from new portfolio securitizations) | 635 | 95 | |||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 64 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||
The following tables display the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value by major security type for AFS securities.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total Amortized Cost(1) | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses(2) | Total Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 1,940 | $ | 83 | $ | (37 | ) | $ | 1,986 | ||||||||||||
Other agency | 305 | 22 | — | 327 | |||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 376 | 295 | — | 671 | |||||||||||||||||
CMBS | 5 | — | — | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 536 | 14 | (11 | ) | 539 | ||||||||||||||||
Other mortgage-related securities | 346 | 14 | — | 360 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,508 | $ | 428 | $ | (48 | ) | $ | 3,888 | ||||||||||||
As of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total Amortized Cost(1) | Gross Unrealized Gains | Gross Unrealized Losses(2) | Total Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 2,044 | $ | 102 | $ | (27 | ) | $ | 2,119 | ||||||||||||
Other agency | 332 | 25 | — | 357 | |||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 662 | 652 | — | 1,314 | |||||||||||||||||
CMBS | 15 | — | — | 15 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 655 | 20 | (4 | ) | 671 | ||||||||||||||||
Other mortgage-related securities | 350 | 17 | — | 367 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 4,058 | $ | 816 | $ | (31 | ) | $ | 4,843 | ||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Amortized cost consists of unpaid principal balance, unamortized premiums, discounts and other cost basis adjustments, as well as net other-than-temporary impairments (“OTTI”) recognized in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(2) | Represents the gross unrealized losses on securities for which we have not recognized OTTI, as well as the noncredit component of OTTI and cumulative changes in fair value of securities for which we previously recognized the credit component of OTTI in “Accumulated other comprehensive income” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 65 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Investments in Securities | ||
The following tables display additional information regarding gross unrealized losses and fair value by major security type for AFS securities in an unrealized loss position.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less Than 12 Consecutive Months | 12 Consecutive Months or Longer | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | (5 | ) | $ | 157 | $ | (32 | ) | $ | 425 | |||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | (8 | ) | 45 | (3 | ) | 3 | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | (13 | ) | $ | 202 | $ | (35 | ) | $ | 428 | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less Than 12 Consecutive Months | 12 Consecutive Months or Longer | ||||||||||||||||||
Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | Gross Unrealized Losses | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 134 | $ | (26 | ) | $ | 461 | |||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | — | (4 | ) | 3 | ||||||||||||||
Total | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 134 | $ | (30 | ) | $ | 464 | |||||||||
Other-Than-Temporary Impairments
The balance of the unrealized credit loss component of AFS debt securities held by us and recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income was $729 million and $1.1 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The decrease in the first three months of 2018 was primarily driven by securities no longer held in the retained portfolio at period end.
The balance of the unrealized credit loss component of AFS debt securities held by us and recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income was $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion as of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. The decrease in the first three months of 2017 was primarily driven by changes in cash flows expected to be collected over the remaining life of the securities.
Maturity Information
The following table displays the amortized cost and fair value of our AFS securities by major security type and remaining contractual maturity, assuming no principal prepayments. The contractual maturity of mortgage-backed securities is not a reliable indicator of their expected life because borrowers generally have the right to prepay their obligations at any time.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Amortized Cost | Total Fair Value | One Year or Less | After One Year Through Five Years | After Five Years Through Ten Years | After Ten Years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 1,940 | $ | 1,986 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 11 | $ | 11 | $ | 82 | $ | 87 | $ | 1,846 | $ | 1,887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | 305 | 327 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 11 | 53 | 57 | 240 | 258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 376 | 671 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 376 | 671 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 536 | 539 | 3 | 3 | 36 | 36 | 65 | 67 | 432 | 433 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other mortgage-related securities | 346 | 360 | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 341 | 355 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 3,508 | $ | 3,888 | $ | 10 | $ | 10 | $ | 58 | $ | 58 | $ | 205 | $ | 216 | $ | 3,235 | $ | 3,604 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 66 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Financial Guarantees | ||
6. Financial Guarantees
We recognize a guaranty obligation for our obligation to stand ready to perform on our guarantees to unconsolidated trusts and other guaranty arrangements. These off-balance sheet guarantees expose us to credit losses primarily relating to the unpaid principal balance of our unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS and other financial guarantees. The remaining contractual terms of our guarantees range from 8 days to 34 years; however, the actual term of each guaranty may be significantly less than the contractual term based on the prepayment characteristics of the related mortgage loans. The following table displays our maximum exposure, guaranty obligation recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, and the maximum potential recovery from third parties through available credit enhancements and recourse related to our financial guarantees.
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum Exposure | Guaranty Obligation | Maximum Recovery(1) | Maximum Exposure | Guaranty Obligation | Maximum Recovery(1) | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Unconsolidated Fannie Mae MBS | $ | 7,944 | $ | 31 | $ | 7,201 | $ | 10,876 | $ | 127 | $ | 7,340 | |||||||||||
Other guaranty arrangements(2) | 13,960 | 138 | 2,356 | 14,265 | 131 | 2,404 | |||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 21,904 | $ | 169 | $ | 9,557 | $ | 25,141 | $ | 258 | $ | 9,744 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | Recoverability of such credit enhancements and recourse is subject to, among other factors, our mortgage insurers’ and financial guarantors’ ability to meet their obligations to us. For information on our mortgage insurers and financial guarantors, see “Note 13, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in our 2017 Form 10-K and “Note 11, Concentrations of Credit Risk” in this report. |
(2) | Primarily consists of credit enhancements and long-term standby commitments. |
The fair value of our guaranty obligations associated with the Fannie Mae MBS included in “Investments in securities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets was $8 million and $276 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. These Fannie Mae MBS consist primarily of private-label wraps where our guaranty arrangement is with an unconsolidated MBS trust.
7. Short-Term and Long-Term Debt
Short-Term Debt
The following table displays our outstanding short-term debt (debt with an original contractual maturity of one year or less) and weighted-average interest rates of this debt.
As of | |||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase(2) | $ | 451 | 1.35 | % | $ | — | — | % | |||||
Short-term debt of Fannie Mae | $ | 34,506 | 1.49 | % | $ | 33,377 | 1.18 | % | |||||
Debt of consolidated trusts | 378 | 1.45 | 379 | 1.11 | |||||||||
Total short-term debt | $ | 34,884 | 1.49 | % | $ | 33,756 | 1.18 | % | |||||
__________
(1) | Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments. |
(2) | Represents agreements to repurchase securities for a specified price, with repayment generally occurring on the following day. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 67 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Short-Term and Long-Term Debt | ||
Intraday Line of Credit
We use a secured intraday funding line of credit provided by a large financial institution. We post collateral which, in some circumstances, the secured party has the right to repledge to third parties. As this line of credit is an uncommitted intraday loan facility, we may be unable to draw on it if and when needed. The line of credit under this facility was $15.0 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt represents debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than one year. The following table displays our outstanding long-term debt.
As of | |||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
Maturities | Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | Maturities | Outstanding | Weighted- Average Interest Rate(1) | ||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||
Senior fixed: | |||||||||||||||||
Benchmark notes and bonds | 2018 - 2030 | $ | 118,550 | 2.12 | % | 2018 - 2030 | $ | 123,541 | 2.11 | % | |||||||
Medium-term notes(2) | 2018 - 2026 | 74,077 | 1.37 | 2018 - 2026 | 75,901 | 1.41 | |||||||||||
Other(3) | 2018 - 2038 | 7,151 | 4.54 | 2018 - 2038 | 7,421 | 4.84 | |||||||||||
Total senior fixed | 199,778 | 1.93 | 206,863 | 1.95 | |||||||||||||
Senior floating: | |||||||||||||||||
Medium-term notes(2) | 2019 - 2020 | 1,175 | 1.26 | 2018 - 2020 | 8,425 | 1.36 | |||||||||||
Connecticut Avenue Securities(4) | 2023 - 2030 | 24,284 | 5.38 | 2023 - 2030 | 22,527 | 5.18 | |||||||||||
Other(5) | 2020 - 2037 | 357 | 6.91 | 2020 - 2037 | 376 | 6.36 | |||||||||||
Total senior floating | 25,816 | 5.21 | 31,328 | 4.14 | |||||||||||||
Subordinated debentures | 2019 | 5,230 | 9.64 | 2019 | 5,106 | 9.93 | |||||||||||
Secured borrowings(6) | 2021 - 2022 | 71 | 1.82 | 2021 - 2022 | 78 | 1.70 | |||||||||||
Total long-term debt of Fannie Mae(7) | 230,895 | 2.46 | 243,375 | 2.40 | |||||||||||||
Debt of consolidated trusts | 2018 - 2057 | 3,074,693 | 2.89 | 2018 - 2057 | 3,052,923 | 2.80 | |||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 3,305,588 | 2.86 | % | $ | 3,296,298 | 2.77 | % | |||||||||
__________
(1) | Includes the effects of discounts, premiums and other cost basis adjustments. |
(2) | Includes long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 1 year and up to 10 years, excluding zero-coupon debt. |
(3) | Includes other long-term debt with an original contractual maturity of greater than 10 years and foreign exchange bonds. |
(4) | Credit risk-sharing securities that transfer a portion of the credit risk on specified pools of single-family mortgage loans to the investors in these securities, a portion of which is reported at fair value. |
(5) | Consists of structured debt instruments that are reported at fair value. |
(6) | Represents our remaining liability resulting from the transfer of financial assets from our condensed consolidated balance sheets that did not qualify as a sale under the accounting guidance for the transfer of financial instruments. |
(7) | Includes unamortized discounts and premiums, other cost basis adjustments and fair value adjustments of $631 million and $752 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
8. Derivative Instruments
Derivative instruments are an integral part of our strategy in managing interest rate risk. Derivative instruments may be privately-negotiated, bilateral contracts, or they may be listed and traded on an exchange. We refer to our derivative transactions made pursuant to bilateral contracts as our over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative transactions and our derivative transactions accepted for clearing by a derivatives clearing organization as our cleared derivative transactions. We typically do not settle the notional amount of our risk management derivatives; rather, notional amounts provide the basis for calculating actual payments or settlement amounts. The derivatives
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 68 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||
we use for interest rate risk management purposes consist primarily of interest rate swaps and interest rate options.
We enter into various forms of credit risk sharing agreements, including credit risk transfer transactions, swap credit enhancements and mortgage insurance contracts, that we account for as derivatives. The majority of our credit-related derivatives are credit risk transfer transactions, whereby a portion of the credit risk associated with losses on a reference pool of mortgage loans is transferred to a third party.
We enter into forward purchase and sale commitments that lock in the future delivery of mortgage loans and mortgage-related securities at a fixed price or yield. Certain commitments to purchase mortgage loans and purchase or sell mortgage-related securities meet the criteria of a derivative. We typically settle the notional amount of our mortgage commitments that are accounted for as derivatives.
We recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair value on a trade date basis. Fair value amounts, which are netted to the extent a legal right of offset exists and is enforceable by law at the counterparty level and are inclusive of the right or obligation associated with the cash collateral posted or received, are recorded in “Other assets” or “Other liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See “Note 13, Fair Value” for additional information on derivatives recorded at fair value. We present cash flows from derivatives as operating activities in our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 69 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||
Notional and Fair Value Position of our Derivatives
The following table displays the notional amount and estimated fair value of our asset and liability derivative instruments.
As of March 31, 2018 | As of December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset Derivatives | Liability Derivatives | Asset Derivatives | Liability Derivatives | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | Notional Amount | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pay-fixed | $ | 92,573 | $ | 601 | $ | 24,643 | $ | (878 | ) | $ | 52,732 | $ | 772 | $ | 70,211 | $ | (2,120 | ) | |||||||||||||
Receive-fixed | 105,051 | 1,371 | 61,174 | (1,254 | ) | 31,671 | 2,391 | 138,852 | (1,764 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Basis | 273 | 102 | 600 | (1 | ) | 873 | 124 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency | 243 | 62 | 245 | (43 | ) | 234 | 59 | 236 | (56 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pay-fixed | 11,375 | 222 | 2,750 | (5 | ) | 9,750 | 95 | 4,000 | (20 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Receive-fixed | 500 | 21 | 9,375 | (317 | ) | 250 | 13 | 9,250 | (304 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other(1) | 20,912 | 25 | — | (1 | ) | 13,240 | 22 | 7,315 | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total gross risk management derivatives | 230,927 | 2,404 | 98,787 | (2,499 | ) | 108,750 | 3,476 | 229,864 | (4,265 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued interest receivable (payable) | — | 378 | — | (521 | ) | — | 835 | — | (814 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment(2) | — | (2,744 | ) | — | 2,867 | — | (4,272 | ) | — | 4,979 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total net risk management derivatives | $ | 230,927 | $ | 38 | $ | 98,787 | $ | (153 | ) | $ | 108,750 | $ | 39 | $ | 229,864 | $ | (100 | ) | |||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitments to purchase whole loans | 5,490 | 18 | 575 | (2 | ) | 4,143 | 9 | 1,570 | (2 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts to purchase mortgage-related securities | 63,336 | 227 | 8,092 | (40 | ) | 45,925 | 108 | 21,099 | (21 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Forward contracts to sell mortgage-related securities | 5,671 | 32 | 108,580 | (468 | ) | 19,320 | 15 | 85,556 | (205 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total mortgage commitment derivatives | 74,497 | 277 | 117,247 | (510 | ) | 69,388 | 132 | 108,225 | (228 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives at fair value | $ | 305,424 | $ | 315 | $ | 216,034 | $ | (663 | ) | $ | 178,138 | $ | 171 | $ | 338,089 | $ | (328 | ) | |||||||||||||
(1) | Includes credit risk transfer transactions, futures, swap credit enhancements and mortgage insurance contracts that we account for as derivatives. |
(2) | The netting adjustment represents the effect of the legal right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received. Cash collateral posted was $755 million and $1.4 billion as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Cash collateral received was $633 million and $649 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 70 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Derivative Instruments | ||
We record all derivative gains and losses, including accrued interest, in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The following table displays, by type of derivative instrument, the fair value gains and losses, net on our derivatives.
For the Three Months | |||||||
Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||
Swaps: | |||||||
Pay-fixed | $ | 2,783 | $ | 691 | |||
Receive-fixed | (2,387 | ) | (317 | ) | |||
Basis | (23 | ) | 7 | ||||
Foreign currency | 16 | 12 | |||||
Swaptions: | |||||||
Pay-fixed | 129 | — | |||||
Receive-fixed | (16 | ) | (18 | ) | |||
Other | 12 | (8 | ) | ||||
Net accrual of periodic settlements | (215 | ) | (255 | ) | |||
Total risk management derivatives fair value gains, net | 299 | 112 | |||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives fair value gains (losses), net | 564 | (80 | ) | ||||
Total derivatives fair value gains, net | $ | 863 | $ | 32 | |||
Derivative Counterparty Credit Exposure
Our derivative counterparty credit exposure relates principally to interest rate derivative contracts. We are exposed to the risk that a counterparty in a derivative transaction will default on payments due to us, which may require us to seek a replacement derivative from a different counterparty. This replacement may be at a higher cost, or we may be unable to find a suitable replacement. We manage our derivative counterparty credit exposure relating to our risk management derivative transactions mainly through enforceable master netting arrangements, which allow us to net derivative assets and liabilities with the same counterparty or clearing organization and clearing member. For our OTC derivative transactions, we require counterparties to post collateral, which may include cash, U.S. Treasury securities, agency debt and agency mortgage-related securities.
See “Note 12, Netting Arrangements” for information on our rights to offset assets and liabilities.
9. Segment Reporting
We have two reportable business segments: Single-Family and Multifamily. Results of our two business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The sum of the results for our two business segments equals our condensed consolidated results of operations.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 71 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Segment Reporting | ||
The following table displays our segment results.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | Single-Family | Multifamily | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net interest income(1) | $ | 4,561 | $ | 671 | $ | 5,232 | $ | 4,756 | $ | 590 | $ | 5,346 | |||||||||||
Fee and other income(2) | 158 | 162 | 320 | 76 | 173 | 249 | |||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | 4,719 | 833 | 5,552 | 4,832 | 763 | 5,595 | |||||||||||||||||
Investment gains (losses), net(3) | 242 | 8 | 250 | (50 | ) | 41 | (9 | ) | |||||||||||||||
Fair value gains (losses), net(4) | 1,034 | 11 | 1,045 | (12 | ) | (28 | ) | (40 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Administrative expenses | (643 | ) | (107 | ) | (750 | ) | (601 | ) | (83 | ) | (684 | ) | |||||||||||
Credit-related income (expense)(5) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for credit losses | 196 | 21 | 217 | 400 | (4 | ) | 396 | ||||||||||||||||
Foreclosed property expense | (162 | ) | — | (162 | ) | (216 | ) | (1 | ) | (217 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total credit-related income (expense) | 34 | 21 | 55 | 184 | (5 | ) | 179 | ||||||||||||||||
TCCA fees(6) | (557 | ) | — | (557 | ) | (503 | ) | — | (503 | ) | |||||||||||||
Other expenses, net | (132 | ) | (71 | ) | (203 | ) | (256 | ) | (126 | ) | (382 | ) | |||||||||||
Income before federal income taxes | 4,697 | 695 | 5,392 | 3,594 | 562 | 4,156 | |||||||||||||||||
Provision for federal income taxes | (1,016 | ) | (115 | ) | (1,131 | ) | (1,252 | ) | (131 | ) | (1,383 | ) | |||||||||||
Net income | $ | 3,681 | $ | 580 | $ | 4,261 | $ | 2,342 | $ | 431 | $ | 2,773 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | Net interest income primarily consists of guaranty fees received as compensation for assuming and managing the credit risk on loans underlying Fannie Mae MBS held by third parties for the respective business segment, and the difference between the interest income earned on the respective business segment’s mortgage assets in our retained mortgage portfolio and the interest expense associated with the debt funding those assets. Revenues from single-family guaranty fees include revenues generated by the 10 basis point increase in guaranty fees we implemented in 2012 pursuant to TCCA. |
(2) | Single-Family fee and other income primarily consists of compensation for engaging in structured transactions and providing other lender services, and income resulting from settlement agreements resolving certain claims relating to private-label securities we purchased or that we have guaranteed. Multifamily fee and other income consists of fees associated with multifamily business activities, including yield maintenance income. |
(3) | Investment gains and losses primarily consists of gains and losses on the sale of mortgage assets for the respective business segment. |
(4) | Single-Family fair value gains and losses primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on risk management and mortgage commitment derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments associated with our single-family total book of business. Multifamily fair value gains and losses primarily consist of fair value gains and losses on MBS commitment derivatives, trading securities and other financial instruments associated with our multifamily total book of business. |
(5) | Credit-related income or expense is based on the guaranty book of business of the respective business segment and consists of the applicable segment’s benefit or provision for credit losses and foreclosed property expense on loans underlying the segment’s guaranty book of business. |
(6) | Consists of the portion of our single-family guaranty fees that is remitted to Treasury pursuant to the TCCA. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 72 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Equity | ||
10. Equity
The following table displays the activity in other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, by major categories.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||
Net income | $ | 4,261 | $ | 2,773 | |||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effect: | |||||||
Changes in net unrealized gains (losses) on AFS securities (net of tax of $15 and $5, respectively) | (57 | ) | 9 | ||||
Reclassification adjustment for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") recognized in net income (net of tax of $0) | 1 | 1 | |||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains on AFS securities included in net income (net of tax of $70 and $1, respectively) | (264 | ) | (2 | ) | |||
Other | (3 | ) | (2 | ) | |||
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | (323 | ) | 6 | ||||
Total comprehensive income | $ | 3,938 | $ | 2,779 | |||
The following table displays our accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax, by major categories.
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||
Net unrealized gains on AFS securities for which we have not recorded OTTI | $ | 58 | $ | 87 | |||||||
Net unrealized gains on AFS securities for which we have recorded OTTI | 242 | 423 | |||||||||
Other | 47 | 43 | |||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 347 | $ | 553 | |||||||
The following table displays changes in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
For the Three Months Ended March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2018 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
AFS(1) | Other | Total | AFS(1) | Other | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Beginning balance | $ | 510 | $ | 43 | $ | 553 | $ | 716 | $ | 43 | $ | 759 | |||||||||||
Reclassification of accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act(2) | 110 | 7 | 117 | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (57 | ) | — | (57 | ) | 9 | — | 9 | |||||||||||||||
Amounts reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) | (263 | ) | (3 | ) | (266 | ) | (1 | ) | (2 | ) | (3 | ) | |||||||||||
Net other comprehensive income (loss) | (320 | ) | (3 | ) | (323 | ) | 8 | (2 | ) | 6 | |||||||||||||
Ending balance | $ | 300 | $ | 47 | $ | 347 | $ | 724 | $ | 41 | $ | 765 | |||||||||||
__________
(1) | The amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income represent the gain or loss recognized in earnings due to a sale of an AFS security or the recognition of a net impairment recognized in earnings, which are recorded in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(2) | Reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings of the tax effects resulting from the enactment of tax legislation on December 22, 2017 that reduced the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. This amount is not included in other comprehensive loss for the period ending March 31, 2018. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 73 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||
11. Concentrations of Credit Risk
Risk Characteristics of our Guaranty Book of Business
One of the measures by which we gauge our performance risk under our guaranty is the delinquency status of the mortgage loans we hold in our retained mortgage portfolio, or in the case of mortgage-backed securities, the mortgage loans underlying the related securities.
For single-family loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of single-family loans 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process, and loans that have higher risk characteristics, such as high mark-to-market LTV ratios.
For multifamily loans, management monitors the serious delinquency rate, which is the percentage of multifamily loans, based on unpaid principal balance, that are 60 days or more past due, and other loans that have higher risk characteristics, to determine our overall credit quality indicator. Higher risk characteristics include, but are not limited to, current debt service coverage ratio (“DSCR”) below 1.0 and high original LTV ratios. We stratify multifamily loans into different internal risk categories based on the credit risk inherent in each individual loan.
For single-family and multifamily loans, we use this information, in conjunction with housing market and economic conditions, to structure our pricing and our eligibility and underwriting criteria to reflect the current risk of loans with these higher-risk characteristics, and in some cases we decide to significantly reduce our participation in riskier loan product categories. Management also uses this data together with other credit risk measures to identify key trends that guide the development of our loss mitigation strategies.
The following tables display the delinquency status and serious delinquency rates for specified loan categories of our single-family conventional and total multifamily guaranty book of business.
As of | |||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018(1) | December 31, 2017(1) | ||||||||||||||||
30 Days Delinquent | 60 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(2) | 30 Days Delinquent | 60 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(2) | ||||||||||||
Percentage of single-family conventional guaranty book of business(3) | 1.03 | % | 0.32 | % | 1.08 | % | 1.42 | % | 0.43 | % | 1.15 | % | |||||
Percentage of single-family conventional loans(4) | 1.20 | 0.37 | 1.16 | 1.63 | 0.50 | 1.24 | |||||||||||
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018(1) | December 31, 2017(1) | ||||||||||
Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) | Seriously Delinquent Rate(2) | Percentage of Single-Family Conventional Guaranty Book of Business(3) | Seriously Delinquent Rate(2) | ||||||||
Estimated mark-to-market loan-to-value ratio: | |||||||||||
Greater than 100% | 1 | % | 11.21 | % | 1 | % | 11.70 | % | |||
Geographical distribution: | |||||||||||
California | 19 | 0.39 | 19 | 0.42 | |||||||
Florida | 6 | 3.56 | 6 | 3.71 | |||||||
New Jersey | 4 | 1.91 | 4 | 2.15 | |||||||
New York | 5 | 1.87 | 5 | 2.02 | |||||||
All other states | 66 | 1.02 | 66 | 1.09 | |||||||
Product distribution: | |||||||||||
Alt-A | 2 | 4.76 | 2 | 4.95 | |||||||
Vintages: | |||||||||||
2004 and prior | 3 | 3.24 | 4 | 3.28 | |||||||
2005-2008 | 6 | 6.22 | 6 | 6.55 | |||||||
2009-2018 | 91 | 0.51 | 90 | 0.53 | |||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 74 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||
__________
(1) | Consists of the portion of our single-family conventional guaranty book of business for which we have detailed loan level information, which constituted approximately 99% of our total single-family conventional guaranty book of business as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. |
(2) | Consists of single-family conventional loans that were 90 days or more past due or in the foreclosure process as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. |
(3) | Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of single-family conventional loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business. |
(4) | Calculated based on the number of single-family conventional loans that were delinquent divided by the total number of loans in our single-family conventional guaranty book of business. |
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 (1)(2) | December 31, 2017(1)(2) | ||||||||||
30 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(3) | 30 Days Delinquent | Seriously Delinquent(3) | ||||||||
Percentage of multifamily guaranty book of business | 0.01 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.11 | % | |||
As of | |||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(2) | Percentage Seriously Delinquent(3)(4) | Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business(2) | Percentage Seriously Delinquent(3)(4) | ||||||||
Original LTV ratio: | |||||||||||
Greater than 80% | 1 | % | 0.21 | % | 2 | % | 0.21 | % | |||
Less than or equal to 80% | 99 | 0.13 | 98 | 0.11 | |||||||
Current DSCR less than 1.0(5) | 2 | 1.68 | 2 | 1.96 | |||||||
__________
(1) | Consists of the portion of our multifamily guaranty book of business for which we have detailed loan level information, which constituted approximately 99% of our total multifamily guaranty book of business as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, excluding loans that have been defeased. |
(2) | Calculated based on the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans in our multifamily guaranty book of business. |
(3) | Consists of multifamily loans that were 60 days or more past due as of the dates indicated. |
(4) | Calculated based on the unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans that were seriously delinquent divided by the aggregate unpaid principal balance of multifamily loans for each category included in our guaranty book of business. |
(5) | Our estimates of current DSCRs are based on the latest available income information for these properties. Although we use the most recently available results of our multifamily borrowers, there is a lag in reporting, which typically can range from 3 to 6 months but in some cases may be longer. |
Other Concentrations
Mortgage Insurers. Mortgage insurance “risk in force” refers to our maximum potential loss recovery under the applicable mortgage insurance policies in force and is generally based on the loan level insurance coverage percentage and, if applicable, any aggregate pool loss limit, as specified in the policy.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 75 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||
The following table displays our total mortgage insurance risk in force by primary and pool insurance, as well as the total risk in force mortgage insurance coverage as a percentage of the single-family guaranty book of business.
As of | |||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||
Risk in Force | Percentage of Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business | Risk in Force | Percentage of Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Mortgage insurance risk in force: | |||||||||||||
Primary mortgage insurance | $ | 140,760 | $ | 137,941 | |||||||||
Pool mortgage insurance | 452 | 519 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage insurance risk in force | $ | 141,212 | 5 | % | $ | 138,460 | 5 | % | |||||
The table below displays our mortgage insurer counterparties that provided approximately 10% or more of the risk in force mortgage insurance coverage on the single-family loans in our guaranty book of business.
Percentage of Total Risk in Force Mortgage Insurance Coverage | |||||
As of | |||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||
Counterparty:(1) | |||||
Arch Capital Group Ltd.(2) | 25 | % | 25 | % | |
Radian Guaranty, Inc. | 21 | 21 | |||
Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corp. | 19 | 19 | |||
Genworth Mortgage Insurance Corp. | 15 | 15 | |||
Essent Guaranty, Inc. | 11 | 11 | |||
Others | 9 | 9 | |||
Total | 100 | % | 100 | % | |
__________
(1) | Insurance coverage amounts provided for each counterparty may include coverage provided by affiliates and subsidiaries of the counterparty. |
(2) | Arch Capital Group Ltd. is the parent company of Arch Mortgage Insurance Co. and United Guaranty Residential Insurance Co. |
Three of our mortgage insurer counterparties that are currently not approved to write new business are in run-off: PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. (“PMI”), Triad Guaranty Insurance Corporation (“Triad”) and Republic Mortgage Insurance Company (”RMIC”). Entering run-off may close off a source of profits and liquidity that may have otherwise assisted a mortgage insurer in paying claims under insurance policies, and could also cause the quality and speed of its claims processing to deteriorate. These three mortgage insurers provided a combined $5.8 billion, or 4%, of our risk in force mortgage insurance coverage of our single-family guaranty book of business as of March 31, 2018.
PMI and Triad have been paying only a portion of policyholder claims and deferring the remaining portion. PMI is currently paying 71.5% of claims under its mortgage insurance policies in cash and is deferring the remaining 28.5%, and Triad is currently paying 75% of claims in cash and deferring the remaining 25%. It is uncertain whether PMI or Triad will be permitted in the future to pay any remaining deferred policyholder claims and/or increase or decrease the amount of cash they pay on claims. RMIC is no longer deferring payments on policyholder claims and has paid us its previously outstanding deferred payment obligations as well as interest on those obligations; however, RMIC remains in run-off.
We have counterparty credit risk relating to the potential insolvency of, or non-performance by, mortgage insurers that insure single-family loans we purchase or guarantee. There is risk that these counterparties may fail to fulfill their obligations to pay our claims under insurance policies. If we determine that it is probable that we will not
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 76 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||
collect all of our claims from one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties, it could increase our loss reserves, which could adversely affect our results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and net worth.
When we estimate the credit losses that are inherent in our mortgage loans and under the terms of our guaranty obligations we also consider the recoveries that we will receive on primary mortgage insurance, as mortgage insurance recoveries would reduce the severity of the loss associated with defaulted loans. We evaluate the financial condition of our mortgage insurer counterparties and adjust the contractually due recovery amounts to ensure that only probable losses as of the balance sheet date are included in our loss reserve estimate. As a result, if our assessment of one or more of our mortgage insurer counterparties’ ability to fulfill their respective obligations to us worsens, it could increase our combined loss reserves. As of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the amount by which our estimated benefit from mortgage insurance reduced our combined loss reserves was $969 million and $989 million, respectively.
We had outstanding receivables of $825 million recorded in “Other assets” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2018 and $858 million as of December 31, 2017 related to amounts claimed on insured, defaulted loans excluding government-insured loans. Of this amount, $65 million as of March 31, 2018 and $75 million as of December 31, 2017 was due from our mortgage servicers or sellers. We assessed the total outstanding receivables for collectibility, and they are recorded net of a valuation allowance of $591 million as of March 31, 2018 and $593 million as of December 31, 2017. The valuation allowance reduces our claim receivable to the amount which is considered probable of collection as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
Mortgage Servicers and Sellers. Mortgage servicers collect mortgage and escrow payments from borrowers, pay taxes and insurance costs from escrow accounts, monitor and report delinquencies, and perform other required activities on our behalf. Our mortgage servicers and sellers may also be obligated to repurchase loans or foreclosed properties, reimburse us for losses or provide other remedies under certain circumstances, such as if it is determined that the mortgage loan did not meet our underwriting or eligibility requirements, if certain loan representations and warranties are violated or if mortgage insurers rescind coverage. However, under our revised representation and warranty framework, we no longer require repurchase for loans that have breaches of certain selling representations and warranties if they have met specified criteria for relief.
Our business with mortgage servicers is concentrated. The table below displays the percentage of our single-family guaranty book of business serviced by our top five depository single-family mortgage servicers and top five non-depository single-family mortgage servicers, and identifies one servicer that serviced more than 10% of our single-family guaranty book of business.
Percentage of Single-Family Guaranty Book of Business | |||||
As of | |||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its affiliates) | 18 | % | 18 | % | |
Remaining top five depository servicers | 16 | 17 | |||
Top five non-depository servicers | 20 | 20 | |||
Total | 54 | % | 55 | % | |
The table below displays the percentage of our multifamily guaranty book of business serviced by our top five multifamily mortgage servicers, and identifies two servicers that serviced 10% or more of our multifamily guaranty book of business.
Percentage of Multifamily Guaranty Book of Business | |||||
As of | |||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (together with its affiliates) | 14 | % | 14 | % | |
Walker & Dunlop, LLC | 12 | 12 | |||
Remaining top five servicers | 22 | 22 | |||
Total | 48 | % | 48 | % | |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 77 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Concentrations of Credit Risk | ||
If a significant mortgage servicer or seller counterparty, or a number of mortgage servicers or sellers, fails to meet their obligations to us, it could increase our credit losses and credit-related expense, and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
For information on credit risk associated with our derivative transactions and repurchase agreements see “Note 8, Derivative Instruments” and “Note 12, Netting Arrangements.”
12. Netting Arrangements
We use master netting arrangements, which allow us to offset certain financial instruments and collateral with the same counterparty, to minimize counterparty credit exposure. The tables below display information related to derivatives, securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements, which are subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement that are either offset or not offset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount Offset (1) | Net Amount Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | Amounts Not Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount | Financial Instruments(2) | Collateral(3) | Net Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | 2,756 | $ | (2,754 | ) | $ | 2 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Cleared risk management derivatives | — | 10 | 10 | — | — | 10 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | 277 | — | 277 | (235 | ) | — | 42 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative assets | 3,033 | (2,744 | ) | 289 | (4) | (235 | ) | — | 54 | ||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5) | 39,701 | — | 39,701 | — | (39,701 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 42,734 | $ | (2,744 | ) | $ | 39,990 | $ | (235 | ) | $ | (39,701 | ) | $ | 54 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | (3,020 | ) | $ | 2,867 | $ | (153 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (153 | ) | ||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | (510 | ) | — | (510 | ) | 235 | 235 | (40 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative liabilities | (3,530 | ) | 2,867 | (663 | ) | (4) | 235 | 235 | (193 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase or similar arrangements | (451 | ) | — | (451 | ) | — | 451 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | (3,981 | ) | $ | 2,867 | $ | (1,114 | ) | $ | 235 | $ | 686 | $ | (193 | ) | ||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 78 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Netting Arrangements | ||
As of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount Offset (1) | Net Amount Presented in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | Amounts Not Offset in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Amount | Financial Instruments(2) | Collateral(3) | Net Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | 2,479 | $ | (2,464 | ) | $ | 15 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 15 | ||||||||||||||
Cleared risk management derivatives | 1,811 | (1,808 | ) | 3 | — | — | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | 132 | — | 132 | (117 | ) | (1 | ) | 14 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative assets | 4,422 | (4,272 | ) | 150 | (4) | (117 | ) | (1 | ) | 32 | |||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements(5) | 44,670 | — | 44,670 | — | (44,670 | ) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets | $ | 49,092 | $ | (4,272 | ) | $ | 44,820 | $ | (117 | ) | $ | (44,671 | ) | $ | 32 | ||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OTC risk management derivatives | $ | (3,045 | ) | $ | 2,957 | $ | (88 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (88 | ) | ||||||||||||
Cleared risk management derivatives | (2,033 | ) | 2,022 | (11 | ) | — | 11 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | (228 | ) | — | (228 | ) | 117 | 93 | (18 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative liabilities | (5,306 | ) | 4,979 | (327 | ) | (4) | 117 | 104 | (106 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities | $ | (5,306 | ) | $ | 4,979 | $ | (327 | ) | $ | 117 | $ | 104 | $ | (106 | ) | ||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Represents the effect of the right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received and accrued interest. |
(2) | Mortgage commitment derivative amounts reflect where we have recognized both an asset and a liability with the same counterparty under an enforceable master netting arrangement but we have not elected to offset the related amounts in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. |
(3) | Represents collateral received or posted that has not been offset in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Does not include collateral held or posted in excess of our exposure. The fair value of non-cash collateral we pledged was $1.1 billion and $747 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, which the counterparty was permitted to sell or repledge. The fair value of non-cash collateral received was $39.7 billion and $44.7 billion, of which $37.3 billion and $42.5 billion could be sold or repledged as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. $451 million of the underlying collateral was sold or repledged as of March 31, 2018 compared with none as of December 31, 2017. |
(4) | Excludes derivative assets of $26 million and $21 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and no derivative liabilities as of March 31, 2018 and $1 million as of December 31, 2017 recognized in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, respectively, that are not subject to enforceable master netting arrangements. |
(5) | Includes $25.2 billion in securities purchased under agreements to resell classified as “Cash and cash equivalents” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017. |
Derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements are recorded at amortized cost in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For how we determine our rights to offset the assets and liabilities presented above with the same counterparty, including collateral posted or received, see “Note 14, Netting Arrangements” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
13. Fair Value
We use fair value measurements for the initial recording of certain assets and liabilities and periodic remeasurement of certain assets and liabilities on a recurring or nonrecurring basis.
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value measurement guidance defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and sets forth disclosures around fair value measurements. This guidance applies whenever other accounting guidance requires or permits assets or liabilities to be measured at fair value. The guidance establishes a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs into the valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority, Level 1, to measurements based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The next highest priority, Level 2, is given to measurements of assets
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 79 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
and liabilities based on limited observable inputs or observable inputs for similar assets and liabilities. The lowest priority, Level 3, is given to measurements based on unobservable inputs.
Recurring Changes in Fair Value
The following tables display our assets and liabilities measured in our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value on a recurring basis subsequent to initial recognition, including instruments for which we have elected the fair value option.
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recurring fair value measurements: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | — | $ | 1,656 | $ | 83 | $ | — | $ | 1,739 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | — | 2,347 | — | — | 2,347 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | 2,745 | — | — | 2,745 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS | — | 8 | — | — | 8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | 33,160 | — | — | — | 33,160 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other securities | — | 97 | — | — | 97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | 33,160 | 6,853 | 84 | — | 40,097 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | — | 1,784 | 202 | — | 1,986 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | — | 327 | — | — | 327 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | 644 | 27 | — | 671 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS | — | 5 | — | — | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | — | 539 | — | 539 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 9 | 351 | — | 360 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | — | 2,769 | 1,119 | — | 3,888 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | — | 8,993 | 1,102 | — | 10,095 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | 2,406 | 108 | — | 2,514 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | 243 | — | — | 243 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 25 | — | 25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | (2,744 | ) | (2,744 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | 275 | 2 | — | 277 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other assets | — | 2,924 | 135 | (2,744 | ) | 315 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets at fair value | $ | 33,160 | $ | 21,539 | $ | 2,440 | $ | (2,744 | ) | $ | 54,395 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 80 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | — | $ | 7,503 | $ | 357 | $ | — | $ | 7,860 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total of Fannie Mae | — | 7,503 | 357 | — | 7,860 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | — | 28,175 | 462 | — | 28,637 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | — | 35,678 | 819 | — | 36,497 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | 2,697 | — | — | 2,697 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | 322 | — | — | 322 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | (2,867 | ) | (2,867 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | 509 | 1 | — | 510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other liabilities | — | 3,528 | 2 | (2,867 | ) | 663 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — | $ | 39,206 | $ | 821 | $ | (2,867 | ) | $ | 37,160 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 81 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | — | $ | 2,905 | $ | 971 | $ | — | $ | 3,876 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | — | 1,083 | 35 | — | 1,118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | 259 | 194 | — | 453 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS | — | 9 | — | — | 9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. Treasury securities | 29,222 | — | — | — | 29,222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | 29,222 | 4,256 | 1,201 | — | 34,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | — | 1,911 | 208 | — | 2,119 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | — | 357 | — | — | 357 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | — | 1,237 | 77 | — | 1,314 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CMBS | — | 15 | — | — | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | — | — | 671 | — | 671 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | 10 | 357 | — | 367 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | — | 3,530 | 1,313 | — | 4,843 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | — | 9,480 | 1,116 | — | 10,596 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | 4,035 | 146 | — | 4,181 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | 108 | — | — | 108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 22 | — | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | (4,272 | ) | (4,272 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | 131 | 1 | — | 132 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other assets | — | 4,274 | 169 | (4,272 | ) | 171 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets at fair value | $ | 29,222 | $ | 21,540 | $ | 3,799 | $ | (4,272 | ) | $ | 50,289 | ||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 82 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment(1) | Estimated Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | — | $ | 7,810 | $ | 376 | $ | — | $ | 8,186 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total of Fannie Mae | — | 7,810 | 376 | — | 8,186 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | — | 29,911 | 582 | — | 30,493 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | — | 37,721 | 958 | — | 38,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk management derivatives: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaps | — | 4,721 | 33 | — | 4,754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swaptions | — | 324 | — | — | 324 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | — | — | 1 | — | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Netting adjustment | — | — | — | (4,979 | ) | (4,979 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage commitment derivatives | — | 227 | 1 | — | 228 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other liabilities | — | 5,272 | 35 | (4,979 | ) | 328 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities at fair value | $ | — | $ | 42,993 | $ | 993 | $ | (4,979 | ) | $ | 39,007 | ||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Derivative contracts are reported on a gross basis by level. The netting adjustment represents the effect of the legal right to offset under legally enforceable master netting arrangements to settle with the same counterparty on a net basis, including cash collateral posted and received. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 83 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
The following tables display a reconciliation of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). The tables also display gains and losses due to changes in fair value, including realized and unrealized gains and losses, recognized in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for Level 3 assets and liabilities. When assets and liabilities are transferred between levels, we recognize the transfer as of the end of the period.
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of March 31, 2018(5)(6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2017 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3(4) | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, March 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 971 | $ | 171 | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | (1,060 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 83 | $ | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | 35 | (1 | ) | — | — | — | — | (1 | ) | (33 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 194 | (85 | ) | — | — | — | — | (5 | ) | (104 | ) | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 1 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 1,201 | $ | 85 | (6)(7) | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | (1,060 | ) | $ | — | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (137 | ) | $ | — | $ | 84 | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 208 | $ | — | $ | (4 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (2 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 202 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 77 | — | (45 | ) | — | — | — | (1 | ) | (4 | ) | — | 27 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 671 | 11 | (13 | ) | — | (11 | ) | — | (119 | ) | — | — | 539 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 357 | 7 | (2 | ) | — | — | — | (11 | ) | — | — | 351 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,313 | $ | 18 | (7)(8) | $ | (64 | ) | $ | — | $ | (11 | ) | $ | — | $ | (133 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | — | $ | 1,119 | $ | — | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | 1,116 | $ | 17 | (6)(7) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (48 | ) | $ | (36 | ) | $ | 53 | $ | 1,102 | $ | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net derivatives | 134 | (58 | ) | (6) | — | — | — | — | 4 | 53 | — | 133 | (22 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | (376 | ) | $ | 19 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (357 | ) | $ | 19 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | (582 | ) | 3 | — | — | — | 1 | 10 | 154 | (48 | ) | (462 | ) | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | (958 | ) | $ | 22 | (6) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1 | $ | 10 | $ | 154 | $ | (48 | ) | $ | (819 | ) | $ | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 84 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) Included in Net Income Related to Assets and Liabilities Still Held as of March 31, 2017(5)(6) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Gains (Losses) (Realized/Unrealized) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance, December 31, 2016 | Included in Net Income | Included in Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)(1) | Purchases(2) | Sales(2) | Issues(3) | Settlements(3) | Transfers out of Level 3 | Transfers into Level 3 | Balance, March 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 835 | $ | 3 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (3 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 22 | $ | 856 | $ | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 271 | 8 | — | — | — | — | (7 | ) | — | — | 272 | 8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 21 | — | — | — | — | — | (1 | ) | — | — | 20 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 1,127 | $ | 11 | (6)(7) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (11 | ) | $ | (1 | ) | $ | 22 | $ | 1,148 | $ | 11 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fannie Mae | $ | 230 | $ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (26 | ) | $ | 30 | $ | 232 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other agency | 5 | — | — | — | (1 | ) | — | — | (4 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 217 | — | 6 | — | — | — | (18 | ) | — | — | 205 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 1,272 | 1 | (1 | ) | — | (12 | ) | — | (75 | ) | — | — | 1,185 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | 429 | — | 5 | — | — | — | (17 | ) | — | — | 417 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 2,153 | $ | 2 | (7)(8) | $ | 11 | $ | — | $ | (13 | ) | $ | — | $ | (114 | ) | $ | (30 | ) | $ | 30 | $ | 2,309 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans | $ | 1,197 | $ | 8 | (6)(7) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (62 | ) | $ | (46 | ) | $ | 52 | $ | 1,149 | $ | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net derivatives | 44 | 73 | (6) | — | — | — | — | (8 | ) | 5 | (1 | ) | 113 | (9 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Senior floating | $ | (347 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (350 | ) | $ | (3 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | (241 | ) | 1 | — | — | — | (2 | ) | 7 | 66 | (45 | ) | (214 | ) | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | (588 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | (6) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (2 | ) | $ | 7 | $ | 66 | $ | (45 | ) | $ | (564 | ) | $ | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss) are included in “Changes in unrealized gains on AFS securities, net of reclassification adjustments and taxes” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(2) | Purchases and sales include activity related to the consolidation and deconsolidation of assets of securitization trusts. During the first quarter of 2018, includes the dissolution of a Fannie Mae-wrapped private-label securities trust. |
(3) | Issues and settlements include activity related to the consolidation and deconsolidation of liabilities of securitization trusts. |
(4) | Transfers out of Level 3 during the first quarter of 2018 consisted primarily of mortgage loans of consolidated trusts for which unobservable inputs used in valuations became less significant. Transfers out of Level 3 also included private-label mortgage-related securities backed by Alt-A loans and subprime loans. Prices for these securities were available from multiple third-party vendors and demonstrated an increased and sustained level of observability over time. |
(5) | Amount represents temporary changes in fair value. Amortization, accretion and OTTI are not considered unrealized and are not included in this amount. |
(6) | Gains (losses) are included in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(7) | Gains (losses) are included in “Net interest income” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
(8) | Gains (losses) are included in “Investment gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. |
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 85 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
The following tables display valuation techniques and the range and the weighted average of significant unobservable inputs for our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||
Fair Value | Significant Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs(1) | Range(1) | Weighted - Average(1) | |||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Recurring fair value measurements: | |||||||||||||
Trading securities: | |||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||
Agency(2) | $ | 83 | Various | ||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 1 | Various | |||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 84 | |||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | |||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | |||||||||||||
Agency(2) | $ | 133 | Single Vendor | Prepayment Speed (%) | 100.0 | - | 168.0 | 132.3 | |||||
Spreads (bps) | 150.0 | - | 210.0 | 176.8 | |||||||||
69 | Various | ||||||||||||
Total Agency | 202 | ||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 27 | Various | |||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 428 | Single Vendor | Spreads (bps) | 1.5 | - | 322.4 | 55.0 | ||||||
111 | Various | ||||||||||||
Total mortgage revenue bonds | 539 | ||||||||||||
Other | 297 | Discounted Cash Flow | Default Rate (%) | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||||
Prepayment Speed (%) | 1.4 | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Severity (%) | 50.0 | 50.0 | |||||||||||
Spreads (bps) | 58.9 | - | 563.0 | 560.9 | |||||||||
54 | Various | ||||||||||||
Total other | 351 | ||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,119 | |||||||||||
Net derivatives | 107 | Dealer Mark | |||||||||||
26 | Various | ||||||||||||
Total net derivatives | $ | 133 | |||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 86 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||
Fair Value | Significant Valuation Techniques | Significant Unobservable Inputs(1) | Range(1) | Weighted - Average(1) | ||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | ||||||||||||||
Recurring fair value measurements: | ||||||||||||||
Trading securities: | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||
Agency(2) | $ | 971 | Single Vendor | Prepayment Speed (%) | 0.0 | - | 177.0 | 160.0 | ||||||
Spreads (bps) | 51.5 | - | 375.0 | 200.1 | ||||||||||
35 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total agency | 1,006 | |||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 154 | Consensus | ||||||||||||
40 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 194 | |||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 1 | Various | ||||||||||||
Total trading securities | $ | 1,201 | ||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities: | ||||||||||||||
Mortgage-related securities: | ||||||||||||||
Agency(2) | $ | 112 | Single Vendor | Prepayment Speed (%) | 0.0 | - | 175.7 | 147.1 | ||||||
Spreads (bps) | 150.0 | - | 210.0 | 182.3 | ||||||||||
96 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total agency | 208 | |||||||||||||
Alt-A and subprime private-label securities | 77 | Various | ||||||||||||
Mortgage revenue bonds | 475 | Single Vendor | Spreads (bps) | (17.0 | ) | - | 248.0 | 39.0 | ||||||
196 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total mortgage revenue bonds | 671 | |||||||||||||
Other | 325 | Discounted Cash Flow | Prepayment Speed (%) | 1.6 | - | 2.5 | 2.5 | |||||||
Severity (%) | 50.0 | - | 88.0 | 86.6 | ||||||||||
Spreads (bps) | 84.8 | - | 607.0 | 577.9 | ||||||||||
32 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total other | 357 | |||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,313 | ||||||||||||
Net derivatives | $ | 113 | Dealer Mark | |||||||||||
21 | Various | |||||||||||||
Total net derivatives | $ | 134 | ||||||||||||
_________
(1) | Valuation techniques for which no unobservable inputs are disclosed generally reflect the use of third-party pricing services or dealers, and the range of unobservable inputs applied by these sources is not readily available or cannot be reasonably estimated. Where we have disclosed unobservable inputs for consensus and single vendor techniques, those inputs are based on our validations performed at the security level using discounted cash flows. The prepayment speed used for trading agency securities and available-for-sale agency securities is the Public Securities Association prepayment speed, which can be greater than 100%. For all other securities, the Conditional Prepayment Rate is used as the prepayment speed, which can be between 0% and 100%. |
(2) | Includes Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac securities. |
In our condensed consolidated balance sheets certain assets and liabilities are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, the instruments are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances (for example, when we evaluate loans for impairment). We did not have any Level 1 assets or liabilities held as of March 31, 2018 or December 31, 2017 that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. We held $238 million and $14 million in Level 2 assets, comprised of mortgage loans held for sale, and no Level 2 liabilities that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 87 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
The following table displays valuation techniques for our Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The significant unobservable inputs related to these techniques primarily relate to collateral dependent valuations. The related ranges and weighted averages are not meaningful when aggregated as they vary significantly from property to property.
Fair Value Measurements as of | |||||||||||||
Valuation Techniques | March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||
Nonrecurring fair value measurements: | |||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | Single Vendor | $ | 4,035 | $ | 1,880 | ||||||||
Consensus | 1,944 | 1,113 | |||||||||||
Total mortgage loans held for sale, at lower of cost or fair value | 5,979 | 2,993 | |||||||||||
Single-family mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | Internal Model | 838 | 1,623 | ||||||||||
Multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | Asset Manager Estimate | 88 | 163 | ||||||||||
Various | 12 | 32 | |||||||||||
Total multifamily mortgage loans held for investment, at amortized cost | 100 | 195 | |||||||||||
Acquired property, net:(1) | |||||||||||||
Single-family | Accepted Offers | 217 | 218 | ||||||||||
Appraisals | 371 | 438 | |||||||||||
Walk Forwards | 161 | 222 | |||||||||||
Internal Model | 248 | 319 | |||||||||||
Various | 70 | 113 | |||||||||||
Total single-family | 1,067 | 1,310 | |||||||||||
Multifamily | Various | 14 | 19 | ||||||||||
Other assets | Various | — | 2 | ||||||||||
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value | $ | 7,998 | $ | 6,142 | |||||||||
__________
(1) | The most commonly used techniques in our valuation of acquired property are proprietary home price model and third-party valuations (both current and walk forward). Based on the number of properties measured as of March 31, 2018, these methodologies comprised approximately 73% of our valuations, while accepted offers comprised approximately 21% of our valuations. Based on the number of properties measured as of December 31, 2017, these methodologies comprised approximately 77% of our valuations, while accepted offers comprised approximately 18% of our valuations. |
We use valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. See “Note 15, Fair Value” in our 2017 Form 10-K for information on the valuation control processes and the valuation techniques we use for fair value measurement and disclosure as well as our basis for classifying these measurements as Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy in more specific situations. We made no material changes to the valuation control processes or the valuation techniques for the three months ended March 31, 2018.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 88 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The following table displays the carrying value and estimated fair value of our financial instruments. The fair value of financial instruments we disclose includes commitments to purchase multifamily and single-family mortgage loans that we do not record in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of these commitments are included as “Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses.” The disclosure excludes all non-financial instruments; therefore, the fair value of our financial assets and liabilities does not represent the underlying fair value of our total consolidated assets and liabilities.
As of March 31, 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 37,360 | $ | 37,360 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 37,360 | |||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 39,701 | — | 39,701 | — | — | 39,701 | |||||||||||||||||
Trading securities | 40,097 | 33,160 | 6,853 | 84 | — | 40,097 | |||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | 3,888 | — | 2,769 | 1,119 | — | 3,888 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for sale | 11,366 | — | 854 | 11,263 | — | 12,117 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses | 3,186,420 | — | 2,894,286 | 260,346 | — | 3,154,632 | |||||||||||||||||
Advances to lenders | 3,834 | — | 3,832 | 2 | — | 3,834 | |||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets at fair value | 315 | — | 2,924 | 135 | (2,744 | ) | 315 | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranty assets and buy-ups | 156 | — | — | 428 | — | 428 | |||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | 3,323,137 | $ | 70,520 | $ | 2,951,219 | $ | 273,377 | $ | (2,744 | ) | $ | 3,292,372 | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 451 | $ | — | $ | 451 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 451 | |||||||||||
Short-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | 34,506 | — | 34,510 | — | — | 34,510 | |||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 378 | — | — | 377 | — | 377 | |||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | 230,895 | — | 235,458 | 824 | — | 236,282 | |||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 3,074,693 | — | 2,978,606 | 40,355 | — | 3,018,961 | |||||||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities at fair value | 663 | — | 3,528 | 2 | (2,867 | ) | 663 | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranty obligations | 169 | — | — | 188 | — | 188 | |||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | 3,341,755 | $ | — | $ | 3,252,553 | $ | 41,746 | $ | (2,867 | ) | $ | 3,291,432 | ||||||||||
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 89 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
As of December 31, 2017 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Carrying Value | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Netting Adjustment | Estimated Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 60,260 | $ | 35,060 | $ | 25,200 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 60,260 | |||||||||||
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell or similar arrangements | 19,470 | — | 19,470 | — | — | 19,470 | |||||||||||||||||
Trading securities | 34,679 | 29,222 | 4,256 | 1,201 | — | 34,679 | |||||||||||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | 4,843 | — | 3,530 | 1,313 | — | 4,843 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for sale | 4,988 | — | 101 | 5,333 | — | 5,434 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans held for investment, net of allowance for loan losses | 3,173,537 | — | 2,886,470 | 315,719 | — | 3,202,189 | |||||||||||||||||
Advances to lenders | 4,938 | — | 4,936 | 2 | — | 4,938 | |||||||||||||||||
Derivative assets at fair value | 171 | — | 4,274 | 169 | (4,272 | ) | 171 | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranty assets and buy-ups | 149 | — | — | 436 | — | 436 | |||||||||||||||||
Total financial assets | $ | 3,303,035 | $ | 64,282 | $ | 2,948,237 | $ | 324,173 | $ | (4,272 | ) | $ | 3,332,420 | ||||||||||
Financial liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Short-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | $ | 33,377 | $ | — | $ | 33,379 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 33,379 | |||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 379 | — | — | 378 | — | 378 | |||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Of Fannie Mae | 243,375 | — | 249,780 | 837 | — | 250,617 | |||||||||||||||||
Of consolidated trusts | 3,052,923 | — | 3,014,250 | 40,683 | — | 3,054,933 | |||||||||||||||||
Derivative liabilities at fair value | 328 | — | 5,272 | 35 | (4,979 | ) | 328 | ||||||||||||||||
Guaranty obligations | 258 | — | — | 456 | — | 456 | |||||||||||||||||
Total financial liabilities | $ | 3,330,640 | $ | — | $ | 3,302,681 | $ | 42,389 | $ | (4,979 | ) | $ | 3,340,091 | ||||||||||
For a detailed description and classification of our financial instruments, see “Note 15, Fair Value” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Fair Value Option
We elected the fair value option for our credit risk sharing debt securities issued under our CAS series issued prior to January 1, 2016 and certain loans and debt that contain embedded derivatives that would otherwise require bifurcation. Under the fair value option, we elected to carry these instruments at fair value instead of bifurcating the embedded derivative from such instruments.
We elected the fair value option for all long-term structured debt instruments that are issued in response to specific investor demand and have interest rates that are based on a calculated index or formula and are economically hedged with derivatives at the time of issuance. By electing the fair value option for these instruments, we are able to eliminate the volatility in our results of operations that would otherwise result from the accounting asymmetry created by recording these structured debt instruments at cost while recording the related derivatives at fair value.
Interest income for the mortgage loans is recorded in “Interest income—Mortgage loans” and interest expense for the debt instruments is recorded in “Interest expense—Long-term debt” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 90 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Fair Value | ||
The following table displays the fair value and unpaid principal balance of the financial instruments for which we have made fair value elections.
As of | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
March 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans(1) | Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae | Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts | Loans(1) | Long-Term Debt of Fannie Mae | Long-Term Debt of Consolidated Trusts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Dollars in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair value | $ | 10,095 | $ | 7,860 | $ | 28,637 | $ | 10,596 | $ | 8,186 | $ | 30,493 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Unpaid principal balance | 9,932 | 7,052 | 26,286 | 10,246 | 7,368 | 27,717 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
__________
(1) | Includes nonaccrual loans with a fair value of $213 million and $227 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The difference between unpaid principal balance and the fair value of these nonaccrual loans as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $36 million and $46 million, respectively. Includes loans that are 90 days or more past due with a fair value of $158 million and $159 million as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The difference between unpaid principal balance and the fair value of these 90 or more days past due loans as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $28 million and $34 million, respectively. |
Changes in Fair Value under the Fair Value Option Election
We recorded losses of $149 million and gains of $42 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, from changes in the fair value of loans recorded at fair value in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
We recorded gains of $254 million and losses of $169 million for the three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, from changes in the fair value of long-term debt recorded at fair value in “Fair value gains (losses), net” in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
14. Commitments and Contingencies
We are party to various types of legal actions and proceedings, including actions brought on behalf of various classes of claimants. We also are subject to regulatory examinations, inquiries and investigations, and other information gathering requests. In some of the matters, indeterminate amounts are sought. Modern pleading practice in the U.S. permits considerable variation in the assertion of monetary damages or other relief. Jurisdictions may permit claimants not to specify the monetary damages sought or may permit claimants to state only that the amount sought is sufficient to invoke the jurisdiction of the trial court. This variability in pleadings, together with our and our counsel’s actual experience in litigating or settling claims, leads us to conclude that the monetary relief that may be sought by plaintiffs bears little relevance to the merits or disposition value of claims.
On a quarterly basis, we review relevant information about all pending legal actions and proceedings for the purpose of evaluating and revising our contingencies, accruals and disclosures.
We have substantial and valid defenses to the claims in the proceedings described below and intend to defend these matters vigorously. However, legal actions and proceedings of all types are subject to many uncertain factors that generally cannot be predicted with assurance. Accordingly, the outcome of any given matter and the amount or range of potential loss at particular points in time is frequently difficult to ascertain. Uncertainties can include how fact finders will evaluate documentary evidence and the credibility and effectiveness of witness testimony, and how courts will apply the law. Disposition valuations are also subject to the uncertainty of how opposing parties and their counsel may view the evidence and applicable law.
We establish an accrual only for matters when a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. We are often unable to estimate the possible losses or ranges of losses, particularly for proceedings that are in their early stages of development, where plaintiffs seek indeterminate or unspecified damages, where there may be novel or unsettled legal questions relevant to the proceedings, or where settlement negotiations have not occurred or progressed.
Given the uncertainties involved in any action or proceeding, regardless of whether we have established an accrual, the ultimate resolution of certain of these matters may be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our net income or loss for that period.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 91 | |
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | Commitments and Contingencies | ||
In addition to the matters specifically described below, we are involved in a number of legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business that we do not expect will have a material impact on our business or financial condition. We have also advanced fees and expenses of certain current and former officers and directors in connection with various legal proceedings pursuant to our bylaws and indemnification agreements.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation
A consolidated class action and two non-class action lawsuits filed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shareholders are pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against us, FHFA as our conservator, and Freddie Mac that challenge the August 2012 amendment to each company’s senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury. In the consolidated class action (“In re Fannie Mae/Freddie Mac Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement Class Action Litigations”), plaintiffs filed an amended complaint on November 1, 2017 that alleges the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments nullified certain of the shareholders’ rights, particularly the right to receive dividends. Plaintiffs allege claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of fiduciary duties, and violations of Delaware and Virginia corporate law against us, FHFA and Freddie Mac, and breach of fiduciary duties claims derivatively on our and Freddie Mac’s behalf against FHFA. Plaintiffs seek to represent several classes of preferred and/or common shareholders of Fannie Mae and/or Freddie Mac who held stock as of the public announcement of the August 2012 amendments. Plaintiffs seek unspecified damages, equitable and injunctive relief, and costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. The defendants moved to dismiss the amended complaint on January 10, 2018.
In the two non-class action suits, Arrowood Indemnity Company v. Fannie Mae and Fairholme Funds v. FHFA, the plaintiffs, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac preferred shareholders, filed amended complaints on November 1, 2017 against us, FHFA as our conservator, the Director of FHFA (in his official capacity) and Freddie Mac alleging that the net worth sweep dividend provisions nullified certain rights of the preferred shareholders, particularly the right to receive dividends, and exceeded FHFA’s statutory authority. Plaintiffs bring claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, breach of fiduciary duties and violations of Delaware and Virginia corporate law. They also assert claims for violation of the Administrative Procedure Act against FHFA. Plaintiffs seek damages, equitable and injunctive relief, and costs and expenses, including attorneys’ fees. The defendants moved to dismiss both amended complaints on January 10, 2018.
Plaintiffs in all three cases filed the amended complaints after the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit issued a ruling on February 21, 2017 that affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s dismissal of the plaintiffs’ original complaints. In addition to filing the amended complaints, plaintiffs also filed petitions for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court on October 16, 2017 seeking review of the Court of Appeals’ rulings that plaintiffs could not pursue claims alleging violation of the Administrative Procedure Act and no conflict existed in allowing FHFA to decide whether to pursue derivative claims on behalf of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac while they are in conservatorship. The Supreme Court denied those petitions on February 20, 2018.
On August 2, 2017, shareholder David J. Voacolo filed a lawsuit, Voacolo v. Fannie Mae, in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey against Fannie Mae and the United States alleging that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments to the senior preferred stock purchase agreements were a violation of due process and an illegal exaction. Plaintiff seeks damages only. The defendants filed motions to dismiss on March 26, 2018.
Given the stage of these lawsuits, the substantial and novel legal questions that remain, and our substantial defenses, we are currently unable to estimate the reasonably possible loss or range of loss arising from this litigation.
Fannie Mae (In conservatorship) First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 92 | |
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | ||
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Information about market risk is set forth in “MD&A—Risk Management—Market Risk Management, Including Interest Rate Risk Management.”
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Overview
We are required under applicable laws and regulations to maintain controls and procedures, which include disclosure controls and procedures as well as internal control over financial reporting, as further described below.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Disclosure controls and procedures refer to controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding our required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act, management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as in effect as of March 31, 2018, the end of the period covered by this report. As a result of management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2018 or as of the date of filing this report.
Our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2018 or as of the date of filing this report because they did not adequately ensure the accumulation and communication to management of information known to FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws. As a result, we were not able to rely upon the disclosure controls and procedures that were in place as of March 31, 2018 or as of the date of this filing, and we continue to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness is described in more detail below under “Description of Material Weakness.” Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this material weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.
Description of Material Weakness
The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard 2201 defines a material weakness as a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Management has determined that we continued to have the following material weakness as of March 31, 2018 and as of the date of filing this report:
• | Disclosure Controls and Procedures. We have been under the conservatorship of FHFA since September 6, 2008. Under the GSE Act, FHFA is an independent agency that currently functions as both our conservator and our regulator with respect to our safety, soundness and mission. Because of the nature of the conservatorship under the GSE Act, which places us under the “control” of FHFA (as that term is defined by securities laws), some of the information that we may need to meet our disclosure obligations may be solely within the knowledge of FHFA. As our conservator, FHFA has the power to take actions |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 93 | |
Controls and Procedures | ||
without our knowledge that could be material to our shareholders and other stakeholders, and could significantly affect our financial performance or our continued existence as an ongoing business. Although we and FHFA attempted to design and implement disclosure policies and procedures that would account for the conservatorship and accomplish the same objectives as a disclosure controls and procedures policy of a typical reporting company, there are inherent structural limitations on our ability to design, implement, test or operate effective disclosure controls and procedures. As both our regulator and our conservator under the GSE Act, FHFA is limited in its ability to design and implement a complete set of disclosure controls and procedures relating to Fannie Mae, particularly with respect to current reporting pursuant to Form 8-K. Similarly, as a regulated entity, we are limited in our ability to design, implement, operate and test the controls and procedures for which FHFA is responsible.
Due to these circumstances, we have not been able to update our disclosure controls and procedures in a manner that adequately ensures the accumulation and communication to management of information known to FHFA that is needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws, including disclosures affecting our condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, we did not maintain effective controls and procedures designed to ensure complete and accurate disclosure as required by GAAP as of March 31, 2018 or as of the date of filing this report. Based on discussions with FHFA and the structural nature of this weakness, we do not expect to remediate this material weakness while we are under conservatorship.
Mitigating Actions Related to Material Weakness
As described above under “Description of Material Weakness,” we continue to have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting relating to our disclosure controls and procedures. However, we and FHFA have engaged in the following practices intended to permit accumulation and communication to management of information needed to meet our disclosure obligations under the federal securities laws:
• | FHFA has established the Division of Conservatorship, which is intended to facilitate operation of the company with the oversight of the conservator. |
• | We have provided drafts of our SEC filings to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to filing. We also have provided drafts of external press releases, statements and speeches to FHFA personnel for their review and comment prior to release. |
• | FHFA personnel, including senior officials, have reviewed our SEC filings prior to filing, including this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 (“First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q”), and engaged in discussions regarding issues associated with the information contained in those filings. Prior to filing our First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q, FHFA provided Fannie Mae management with a written acknowledgment that it had reviewed the First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q, and it was not aware of any material misstatements or omissions in the First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q and had no objection to our filing the First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q. |
• | The Director of FHFA and our Chief Executive Officer have been in frequent communication and meet on a regular basis. |
• | FHFA representatives attend meetings frequently with various groups within the company to enhance the flow of information and to provide oversight on a variety of matters, including accounting, credit and market risk management, external communications and legal matters. |
• | Senior officials within FHFA’s Office of the Chief Accountant have met frequently with our senior finance executives regarding our accounting policies, practices and procedures. |
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Overview
Management has evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, whether any changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our last fiscal quarter have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Below we describe changes in our internal control over financial reporting since December 31, 2017 that management believes have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 94 | |
Controls and Procedures | ||
In the ordinary course of business, we review our system of internal control over financial reporting and make changes that we believe will improve these controls and increase efficiency, while continuing to ensure that we maintain effective internal controls. Changes may include implementing new, more efficient systems, automating manual processes, updating existing systems and retiring legacy systems. For example, we are currently implementing various financial system applications in stages across the company. As we continue to implement these financial system applications, each implementation may become a significant component of our internal control over financial reporting and prior components of our internal control over financial reporting may be retired. Additionally, we are working on an initiative to consolidate and modernize our data infrastructure and retire legacy data warehouses, which will impact some of our financial system applications and result in changes in our internal control over financial reporting.
Implementation of New Treasury Accounting System
In January 2018, we completed an initiative to simplify our accounting for debt, derivatives and other investment portfolio transactions by implementing a third-party treasury accounting system. This new system replaced our legacy system that was previously used for accounting and financial reporting purposes. In connection with this implementation and related business process changes, we replaced multiple existing internal controls that were previously considered effective with new or enhanced controls, amended existing controls and, in some cases, removed controls that were no longer applicable. We will continue to monitor and test these new controls for adequate design and operating effectiveness. This new system was operating during the first quarter of 2018 and was used to prepare our first quarter 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Integration of Nonperforming Loans into the Single-Family Mortgage Loan Accounting Platform
In April 2018, we completed an initiative to integrate our accounting for nonperforming loans into our existing single-family performing loan accounting platform. As a result of this initiative, we redesigned, removed or replaced multiple existing internal controls that were previously considered effective with new controls. Because this initiative was not completed until April 2018, we continued to use our legacy single-family nonperforming loan accounting systems and controls in preparing our first quarter 2018 condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 95 | |
Other Information | ||
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information in this item supplements and updates information regarding certain legal proceedings set forth in “Legal Proceedings” in our 2017 Form 10-K. We also provide information regarding material legal proceedings in “Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies,” which is incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the matters specifically described or incorporated by reference in this item, we are involved in a number of legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business that do not have a material impact on our business. Litigation claims and proceedings of all types are subject to many factors that generally cannot be predicted accurately.
We establish an accrual for legal claims only when a loss is probable and we can reasonably estimate the amount of such loss. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts accrued for those claims. If certain of these matters are determined against us, FHFA or Treasury, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, including our net worth.
Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements Litigation
Between June 2013 and June 2017, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed lawsuits in multiple federal courts against one or more of the United States, Treasury and FHFA, challenging actions taken by the defendants relating to the senior preferred stock purchase agreements and the conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Some of these lawsuits also contain claims against Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The legal claims being advanced by one or more of these lawsuits include challenges to the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments to the agreements, the payment of dividends to Treasury under the net worth sweep dividend provisions, and FHFA’s decision to require Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to draw funds from Treasury in order to pay dividends to Treasury prior to the August 2012 amendments. The plaintiffs seek various forms of equitable and injunctive relief, including rescission of the August 2012 amendments, as well as damages. The cases that remain pending or were terminated after December 31, 2017 are as follows:
District of Columbia. There are currently three cases pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia that have been consolidated for pretrial proceedings. The court initially dismissed these three cases, and a fourth case, in September 2014. All of the plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal. On February 21, 2017, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s dismissal of the three currently pending cases, and affirmed the district court’s dismissal of the fourth case. On July 17, 2017, the Court of Appeals issued a revised opinion allowing certain plaintiffs to pursue claims the original opinion had found not properly preserved, and modifying its discussion of the standard that applies to one of those claims. On October 16, 2017, the plaintiffs in all four cases filed petitions for certiorari with the United States Supreme Court seeking review of the Court of Appeals’ ruling upholding the district court’s dismissal of certain claims. The Supreme Court denied these petitions on February 20, 2018. Certain plaintiffs filed amended complaints in the district court on November 1, 2017. The defendants moved to dismiss those complaints on January 10, 2018. Fannie Mae is a defendant in the three actions pending in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, which are described in “Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies.”
Northern District of Illinois. On March 20, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois dismissed the case pending before it. The plaintiff filed a notice of appeal and the appeal was docketed on April 27, 2017.
Northern District of Iowa. On March 27, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Iowa dismissed the case pending before it. The plaintiff filed a notice of appeal and the appeal was docketed on April 4, 2017.
Southern District of Texas. On May 22, 2017, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas dismissed the case pending before it. The plaintiff filed a notice of appeal and the appeal was docketed on May 30, 2017.
Western District of Michigan and District of Minnesota. On June 1, 2017 and June 22, 2017, preferred and common stockholders of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac filed complaints for declaratory and injunctive relief against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Michigan and the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota. The complaints, which also ask the courts to set aside the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock purchase agreements, allege that FHFA’s structure violates constitutional requirements, including: presidential removal authority; separation of powers; the appointments clause; the
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 96 | |
Other Information | ||
nondelegation doctrine; and the private nondelegation doctrine. FHFA and Treasury moved to dismiss the Michigan case on September 9, 2017 and the Minnesota case on September 15, 2017.
District of New Jersey. On August 2, 2017, shareholder David J. Voacolo filed a lawsuit against Fannie Mae and the United States in the U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey alleging that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented in August 2012 were a violation of due process and an illegal exaction. Plaintiff seeks damages only. The defendants filed motions to dismiss on March 26, 2018.
U.S. Court of Federal Claims. Fannie Mae is a nominal defendant in two actions filed against the United States in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims: Fisher v. United States of America, filed on December 2, 2013, and Rafter v. United States of America, filed on August 14, 2014. Plaintiffs in these cases allege that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendment to the senior preferred stock purchase agreement constitute a taking of Fannie Mae’s property without just compensation in violation of the U.S. Constitution. The Fisher plaintiffs are pursuing this claim derivatively on behalf of Fannie Mae, while the Rafter plaintiffs are pursing the claim both derivatively and directly against the United States. Plaintiffs in Rafter also allege direct and derivative breach of contract claims against the government. Plaintiffs in Fisher request just compensation to Fannie Mae in an unspecified amount. Plaintiffs in Rafter seek just compensation for themselves on their direct claims and payment of damages to Fannie Mae on their derivative claims. The United States filed a motion to dismiss the Fisher case on January 23, 2014; however, the court stayed proceedings in the Fisher and Rafter cases until discovery concluded in a related case, Fairholme Funds v. United States. That discovery is complete, and the plaintiffs filed amended complaints, under seal, on March 8, 2018.
District of Delaware. Fannie Mae is also a nominal defendant in a case filed against FHFA and Treasury in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware: Jacobs v. FHFA, filed on August 17, 2015. The plaintiffs allege that the net worth sweep dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock that were implemented pursuant to the August 2012 amendments to the agreements violate Delaware law. The plaintiffs are pursuing this claim derivatively on behalf of Fannie Mae and directly against the government. The court dismissed the case on November 27, 2017. The plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal and the appeal was docketed on December 22, 2017.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the information in this report, you should carefully consider the risks relating to our business that we identify in “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K. This section supplements and updates that discussion. Please also refer to “MD&A—Risk Management” in this report and in our 2017 Form 10-K for more detailed descriptions of the primary risks to our business and how we seek to manage those risks.
The risks we face could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and net worth, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our past results or the results contemplated by forward-looking statements contained in this report. However, these are not the only risks we face. In addition to the risks we discuss below and in our 2017 Form 10-K, we face risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial.
The Single Security Initiative may adversely affect our financial results and contribute to declines in the liquidity or market value of our MBS. The Single Security Initiative also increases our counterparty credit risk and operational risk.
In 2014, FHFA directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to develop a single common mortgage-backed security that is fungible with then-outstanding Fannie Mae guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates and Freddie Mac Participation Certificates (“Freddie Mac PCs”). The security to be developed will be known as a Uniform Mortgage-Backed Security or UMBS. The FHFA initiative to develop a UMBS (the “Single Security Initiative”) is intended to maximize liquidity for both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities in the “to-be-announced” or TBA market. In March 2018, FHFA announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will start issuing UMBS in place of their current offerings of TBA-eligible mortgage-backed securities on June 3, 2019. The new UMBS will be issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac through their joint venture, Common Securitization Solutions, LLC (“CSS”), using the Common Securitization Platform (“CSP”).
Historically, Fannie Mae MBS have had a trading advantage over comparable Freddie Mac PCs. One of FHFA’s stated objectives for the Single Security Initiative is to reduce the costs to Freddie Mac and taxpayers that result from differences in liquidity of Fannie Mae MBS and Freddie Mac PCs. As the implementation date of the Single
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 97 | |
Other Information | ||
Security Initiative approaches, some Fannie Mae MBS and comparable Freddie Mac PCs are trading closer to or at parity. If this trend continues, it could adversely affect our financial results. It is also possible that uncertainty surrounding the implementation and overall impact of the Single Security Initiative could contribute to declines in the liquidity or market value of our Fannie Mae MBS.
The Single Security Initiative will also result in our credit and operational exposure to Freddie Mac. Once the initiative is implemented, investors will be able to commingle Fannie Mae UMBS and Freddie Mac UMBS in resecuritizations. When we resecuritize Freddie Mac UMBS, our guaranty of principal and interest would extend to the underlying Freddie Mac UMBS. Accordingly, in the event Freddie Mac were to fail (for credit or operational reasons) to make a payment on Freddie Mac UMBS that we resecuritized, we would be responsible for making the entire payment on the related Fannie Mae UMBS in order for any of our certificates to be paid. We do not intend to limit the amount of resecuritized Freddie Mac UMBS that we guarantee and we do not intend to modify our liquidity strategies to address this increased risk. As a result, we could be dependent on Freddie Mac and on the senior preferred stock purchase agreements that we and Freddie Mac each have with Treasury to avoid a liquidity event or a default under our guaranty. See “Risk Factors” in our 2017 Form 10-K for a discussion of other operational risks associated with our implementation of the Single Security Initiative and related internal infrastructure upgrades.
Once we begin issuing UMBS, we plan to begin using CSS and the CSP to perform certain operational functions associated with issuing and managing these UMBS on our behalf. Accordingly, we will be reliant on CSS and the CSP for the operation of many of our securitization activities. Our business activities could be adversely affected and the market for Fannie Mae MBS could be disrupted if the CSP were to fail or otherwise become unavailable to us or if CSS were unable to perform its obligations to us. Any such failure or unavailability could have a significant adverse impact on our business, liquidity, financial condition, net worth and results of operations, and could adversely affect the liquidity or market value of our MBS.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
Under the terms of our senior preferred stock purchase agreement with Treasury, we are prohibited from selling or issuing our equity interests, other than as required by (and pursuant to) the terms of a binding agreement in effect on September 7, 2008, without the prior written consent of Treasury. During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, we did not sell any equity securities.
Information about Certain Securities Issuances by Fannie Mae
Pursuant to SEC regulations, public companies are required to disclose certain information when they incur a material direct financial obligation or become directly or contingently liable for a material obligation under an off-balance sheet arrangement. The disclosure must be made in a current report on Form 8-K under Item 2.03 or, if the obligation is incurred in connection with certain types of securities offerings, in prospectuses for that offering that are filed with the SEC.
Because the securities we issue are exempted securities under the Securities Act of 1933, we do not file registration statements or prospectuses with the SEC with respect to our securities offerings. To comply with the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K relating to the incurrence of material financial obligations, we report our incurrence of these types of obligations either in offering circulars or prospectuses (or supplements thereto) that we post on our website or in a current report on Form 8-K that we file with the SEC, in accordance with a “no-action” letter we received from the SEC staff in 2004. In cases where the information is disclosed in a prospectus or offering circular posted on our website, the document will be posted on our website within the same time period that a prospectus for a non-exempt securities offering would be required to be filed with the SEC.
The website address for disclosure about our debt securities is www.fanniemae.com/debtsearch. From this address, investors can access the offering circular and related supplements for debt securities offerings under Fannie Mae’s universal debt facility, including pricing supplements for individual issuances of debt securities.
Disclosure about our obligations pursuant to some of the MBS we issue, some of which may be off-balance sheet obligations, can be found at www.fanniemae.com/mbsdisclosure. From this address, investors can access information and documents about our MBS, including prospectuses and related prospectus supplements.
We are providing our website address solely for your information. Information appearing on our website is not incorporated into this report.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 98 | |
Other Information | ||
Our Purchases of Equity Securities
We did not repurchase any of our equity securities during the first quarter of 2018.
Dividend Restrictions
Our payment of dividends is subject to the following restrictions:
Restrictions Relating to Conservatorship. Our conservator announced on September 7, 2008 that we would not pay any dividends on the common stock or on any series of preferred stock, other than the senior preferred stock. In addition, FHFA’s regulations relating to conservatorship and receivership operations prohibit us from paying any dividends while in conservatorship unless authorized by the Director of FHFA. The Director of FHFA has directed us to make dividend payments on the senior preferred stock on a quarterly basis for every dividend period for which dividends were payable.
Restrictions Under Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Senior Preferred Stock. The senior preferred stock purchase agreement prohibits us from declaring or paying any dividends on Fannie Mae equity securities (other than the senior preferred stock) without the prior written consent of Treasury. In addition, pursuant to the dividend provisions of the senior preferred stock and quarterly directives from our conservator, we are obligated to pay Treasury each quarter any dividends declared consisting of the amount, if any, by which our net worth as of the end of the immediately preceding fiscal quarter exceeds an applicable capital reserve amount, which is $3.0 billion effective January 1, 2018. As a result, our net income is not available to common stockholders. For more information on the terms of the senior preferred stock purchase agreement and senior preferred stock, see “Business—Conservatorship and Treasury Agreements—Treasury Agreements—Senior Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement and Related Issuance of Senior Preferred Stock and Common Stock Warrant” in our 2017 Form 10-K.
Additional Restrictions Relating to Preferred Stock. Payment of dividends on our common stock is also subject to the prior payment of dividends on our preferred stock and our senior preferred stock. Payment of dividends on all outstanding preferred stock, other than the senior preferred stock, is also subject to the prior payment of dividends on the senior preferred stock.
Statutory Restrictions. Under the GSE Act, FHFA has authority to prohibit capital distributions, including payment of dividends, if we fail to meet our capital requirements. If FHFA classifies us as significantly undercapitalized, approval of the Director of FHFA is required for any dividend payment. Under the Charter Act and the GSE Act, we are not permitted to make a capital distribution if, after making the distribution, we would be undercapitalized. The Director of FHFA, however, may permit us to repurchase shares if the repurchase is made in connection with the issuance of additional shares or obligations in at least an equivalent amount and will reduce our financial obligations or otherwise improve our financial condition.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
None.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 99 | |
Other Information | ||
Item 6. Exhibits
The exhibits listed below are being filed with or incorporated by reference into this report.
Item | Description | |
3.1 | ||
3.2 | ||
4.17 | ||
31.1 | ||
31.2 | ||
32.1 | ||
32.2 | ||
101. INS | XBRL Instance Document* | |
101. SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema* | |
101. CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation* | |
101. DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition* | |
101. LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label* | |
101. PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation* | |
__________
* | The financial information contained in these XBRL documents is unaudited. |
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 100 | |
Signatures | ||
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
Federal National Mortgage Association | ||
By: | /s/ Timothy J. Mayopoulos | |
Timothy J. Mayopoulos President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
Date: May 3, 2018
By: | /s/ David C. Benson | |
David C. Benson Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||
Date: May 3, 2018
Fannie Mae First Quarter 2018 Form 10-Q | 101 | |
