UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO
SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

þ		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009

OR

o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 1-13007

CARVER BANCORP, INC.

Delaware		13-3904174
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
75 West 125th Street, New York, New York		10027
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (718) 230-2900

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Common Stock, par value $.01 per share		NASDAQ Global Market
(Title of Class)		(Name of each Exchange on which registered)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. o Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. o Yes þ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. þ Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). o Yes o No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

o Large Accelerated Filer		o Accelerated Filer		o Non-accelerated Filer		þ Smaller Reporting Company

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes þ No

As of June 19, 2009, there were 2,475,037 shares of common stock of the registrant outstanding. The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates, as of September 30, 2008 (based on the closing sales price of $6.75 per share of the registrant’s common stock on September 30, 2008) was approximately $16,169,861.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Portions of registrant’s proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of stockholders for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 

 

CARVER BANCORP, INC.
2009 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I			2
ITEM 1. BUSINESS			2
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS			33
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS			39
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES			40
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS			42
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS			42
PART II			42
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES			42
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA			45
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS			46
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK			64
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA			65
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE			100
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES			100
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION			101
PART III			101
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE			101
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION			101
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS			101
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE			101
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES			102
PART IV			102
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES			102
SIGNATURES			103
EXHIBIT INDEX			104
Exhibit 21.1
Exhibit 31.1
Exhibit 31.2
Exhibit 32.1
Exhibit 32.2
Exhibit 33.1

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 which may be identified by the use of such words as “may,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “should,” “plan,” “estimate,” “predict,” “continue,” and “potential” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, estimates with respect to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and business that are subject to various factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from these estimates. These factors include but are not limited to the following:

•

the Company’s success in implementing its new business initiatives, including expanding its product line, adding new branches and ATM centers and successfully building its brand image;

•

increases in competitive pressure among financial institutions or non-financial institutions;

•

legislative or regulatory changes which may adversely affect the Company’s business;

•

technological changes which may be more difficult to implement or expensive than anticipated;

•

changes in interest rates which may reduce net interest margin and net interest income;

•

changes in deposit flows, loan demand, real estate values, borrowing facilities, capital markets and investment opportunities which may adversely affect the business;

•

changes in existing loan portfolio composition and credit quality, and changes in loan loss requirements;

•

changes in accounting principles, policies or guidelines which may cause conditions to be perceived differently;

•

litigation or other matters before regulatory agencies, whether currently existing or commencing in the future, which may delay the occurrence or non-occurrence of events longer than anticipated;

•

the ability to originate and purchase loans with attractive terms and acceptable credit quality;

•

the ability to attract and retain key members of management;

•

the ability to realize cost efficiencies; and

•

general economic conditions, either nationally or locally in some or all areas in which business is conducted, or conditions in the real estate or securities markets or the banking industry which could affect liquidity in the capital markets, the volume of loan origination, deposit flows, real estate values, the levels of non-interest income and the amount of loan losses.

Any or all of the Company’s forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any other public statements that the Company or management makes may turn out to be wrong. They can be affected by inaccurate assumptions or by known or unknown risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are made as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the Company assumes no obligation to, and expressly disclaims any obligation to, update these forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. For a discussion of additional factors that could adversely affect the Company’s future performance, see “Item 1A — Risk Factors” and “Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

PART I

As used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the word “Company” is used to refer to Carver Bancorp Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Carver Federal Savings Bank (“Carver Federal”).

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

OVERVIEW

Carver Bancorp, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Holding Company” or “Carver”), is the holding company for Carver Federal Savings Bank (“Carver Federal” or the “Bank”), a federally chartered savings bank, and, on a parent-only basis, had minimal results of operations. The Holding Company is headquartered in New York, New York. The Holding Company conducts business as a unitary savings and loan holding company, and the principal business of the Holding Company consists of the operation of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Carver Federal. Carver Federal was founded in 1948 to serve African-American communities whose residents, businesses and institutions had limited access to mainstream financial services. The Bank remains headquartered in Harlem, and predominantly all its nine branches and eight stand-alone 24/7 ATM Centers are located in low- to moderate-income neighborhoods. Many of these historically underserved communities have experienced unprecedented growth and diversification of incomes, ethnicity and economic opportunity, after decades of public and private investment.

Today, Carver Federal is the largest African-American operated bank in the United States. The Bank remains dedicated to expanding wealth enhancing opportunities in the communities it serves by increasing access to capital and other financial services for consumers, businesses and non-profit organizations, including faith-based institutions. A measure of its progress in achieving this goal includes the Bank’s “Outstanding” rating, awarded by the Office of Thrift Supervision following its most recent Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) examination in 2009. The examination report noted that 76.1% of Carver’s community development loan originations (loans that foster economic development and community revitalization) and 55.4% of Carver’s Home-Owners Mortgage Disclosure Act (“HMDA”) reportable loan originations were within low- to moderate-income geographies, which far exceeded peer institutions. The Bank has approximately $791.4 million in assets as of March 31, 2009 and employs approximately 140 employees as of May 31, 2009.

Carver Federal engages in a wide range of consumer and commercial banking services. Carver Federal provides deposit products including demand, savings and time deposits for consumers, businesses, and governmental and quasi-governmental agencies in its local market area within New York City. In addition to deposit products, Carver Federal offers a number of other consumer and commercial banking products and services, including debit cards, online banking including online bill pay, and telephone banking.

Carver Federal offers loan products covering a variety of asset classes, including commercial, multi-family and residential mortgages, construction loans and business loans. The Bank finances mortgage and loan products through deposits or borrowings. Funds not used to originate mortgages and loans are invested primarily in U.S. government agency securities and mortgage-backed securities.

The Bank’s primary market area for deposits consists of areas currently served by its nine branches. The Bank’s branches are located in the Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens boroughs of New York City. The neighborhoods in which the Bank’s branches are located have historically been low- to moderate-income areas. However, the shortage of housing in New York City, combined with population shifts from the suburbs into the city, has helped stimulate significant real estate and commercial development in the Bank’s market area.

The Bank’s primary lending market includes Bronx, Kings, New York and Queens counties in New York City, and lower Westchester County, New York. Although the Bank’s branches are primarily located in areas that were historically underserved by other financial institutions, the Bank faces significant competition for deposits and mortgage lending in its market areas. Management believes that this competition has become more intense as a result of the aforementioned market condition and increased examination emphasis by federal banking regulators on financial institutions’ fulfillment of their responsibilities under the CRA. Carver Federal’s larger competitors have greater financial resources, name recognition and market presence. The Bank’s competition for loans comes principally from mortgage banking companies, commercial banks, and savings institutions. The Bank’s most direct competition for deposits comes from commercial banks, savings institutions and credit unions. Competition for deposits also comes from money market mutual funds, corporate and government securities funds, and financial intermediaries such as brokerage firms and insurance companies. Many of the Bank’s competitors have substantially greater resources and offer a wider array of financial services and products. At times, these larger financial institutions may offer below market interest rates on mortgage loans and above market interest rates for deposits. These pricing concessions combined with competitors’ larger presence in the New York market add to the challenges the Bank faces in expanding its current market share and growing its near-term profitability.

Carver Federal’s 60 year history in its market area, its community involvement, relationships with key constituents, targeted products and services and personal service consistent with community banking, help the Bank compete with competitors that have entered its market.

The Bank formalized its many community focused investments on August 18, 2005, by forming Carver Community Development Corporation (“CCDC”). CCDC oversees the Bank’s participation in local economic development and other community-based initiatives, including financial literacy activities. CCDC is now coordinating the Bank’s development of an innovative approach to reach the unbanked customer market in Carver Federal’s communities. Importantly, CCDC spearheads the Bank’s applications for grants and other resources to help fund these important community activities. In this connection, Carver Federal has successfully competed with large regional and global financial institutions in a number of competitions for government grants and other awards. In June 2006, Carver Federal was selected by the U.S. Department of the Treasury (the “Treasury”) to receive an award of $59 million in New Market Tax Credits (“NMTC”). In May 2009, Carver Federal was selected to receive a second NMTC award in the amount of $65 million. These credits enable the Bank to invest with community and development partners in economic development projects with attractive terms including, in some cases, below market interest rates, which may have the effect of attracting capital to underserved communities and facilitating revitalization of the community. The NMTC award provides substantive credits to Carver Federal against Federal income taxes when the Bank makes qualified investments. For additional information regarding Carver Federal’s NMTC, refer to Item 7, “New Market Tax Credit Award.”

GENERAL

Carver Bancorp, Inc.

The Holding Company is the holding company for Carver Federal and its other active direct subsidiary, Carver Statutory Trust I (the “Trust”), a Delaware trust. The Trust was formed in September 2003 for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities and investing the proceeds in an equivalent amount of subordinated debentures of the Holding Company.

The Company’s subsidiary, Carver Statutory Trust I, is not consolidated with Carver Bancorp, Inc. for financial reporting purposes in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, revised interpretation No. 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51,” or FIN 46(R). Carver Statutory Trust I was formed in 2003 for the purpose of issuing $13.0 million aggregate liquidation amount of floating rate Capital Securities due September 17, 2033 (“Capital Securities”) and $0.4 million of common securities (which are the only voting securities of Carver Statutory Trust I), which are 100% owned by Carver Bancorp, Inc., and using the proceeds to acquire Junior Subordinated Debentures issued by Carver Bancorp, Inc. Carver Bancorp, Inc. has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the Capital Securities along with all obligations of Carver Statutory Trust I under the trust agreement relating to the Capital Securities.

On October 24, 1994, Carver Federal converted from mutual to stock form and issued 2,314,275 shares of its common stock at a price of $10 per share. On October 17, 1996, the Bank completed its reorganization into a holding company structure (the “Reorganization”) and became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Holding Company.

On April 5, 2006, the Company entered into a definitive merger agreement to acquire Community Capital Bank (“CCB”), a Brooklyn-based community bank, in a cash transaction valued at $11.1 million, or $40.00 per CCB share. On September 29, 2006, the Bank acquired CCB, with approximately $165.4 million in assets and two branches. The Bank incurred an additional $0.9 million in transaction costs related to the acquisition. The acquisition of CCB and its award-winning small business lending platform has expanded the Company’s ability to capitalize on substantial growth in the small business market. The Company continues to evaluate acquisition opportunities as part of its strategic objective for long-term growth.

The principal business of the Holding Company consists of the operation of its wholly owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Holding Company’s executive offices are located at the home office of the Bank at 75 West 125th Street, New York, New York 10027. The Holding Company’s telephone number is (718) 230-2900.

Carver Federal Savings Bank

Carver Federal was chartered in 1948 and began operations in 1949 as Carver Federal Savings and Loan Association, a federally chartered mutual savings and loan association, at which time it obtained federal deposit insurance and became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (the “FHLB-NY”). Carver Federal, a certified Community Development Financial Institution (“CDFI”), was founded as an African- and Caribbean-American operated institution to provide residents of underserved communities the ability to invest their savings and obtain credit. Carver Federal Savings and Loan Association converted to a federal savings bank in 1986 and changed its name at that time to Carver Federal Savings Bank. None of the Bank’s employees is a member of a collective bargaining agreement, and the Bank considers its relations with employees to be satisfactory.

On March 8, 1995, Carver Federal formed CFSB Realty Corp. as a wholly-owned subsidiary to hold real estate acquired through foreclosure pending eventual disposition. At March 31, 2009, this subsidiary had $1.2 million in total assets and a minimal net operating loss. During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003, Carver Federal formed Carver Asset Corporation (“CAC”), a wholly-owned subsidiary which qualifies as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. This subsidiary may, among other things, be utilized by Carver Federal to raise capital in the future. As of March 31, 2009, CAC owned mortgage loans carried at approximately $96.7 million and total assets of $125.9 million. On August 18, 2005, Carver Federal formed CCDC, a wholly-owned community development entity, to facilitate and develop innovative approaches to financial literacy, address the needs of the unbanked and participate in local economic development and other community-based activities. As part of its operations, CCDC monitors the portfolio of investments related to NMTC awards and makes application for additional awards.

Available Information

The Company makes available on or through its internet website, http://www.carverbank.com, its Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act. Such reports are free of charge and are available as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files such material with, or furnishes it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The public may read and copy any materials the Company files with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street N.E. Washington D.C. 20549. Information may be obtained on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including the Company, at http://www.sec.gov.

In addition, certain other basic corporate documents, including the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Ethics, Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers and the charters of the Company’s Finance and Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating/Corporate Governance Committee and the date of the Company’s annual meeting are posted on the Company’s website. Printed copies of these documents are also available free of charge to any stockholder who requests them. Stockholders seeking additional information should contact the Corporate Secretary’s office by mail at 75 West 125th Street, New York, New York 10027 or by e-mail at corporatesecretary@carverbank.com. The information on the Company’s website is not part of this annual report.

Lending Activities

General. Carver Federal’s loan portfolio consists primarily of mortgage loans originated by the Bank’s lending team and secured by commercial real estate, multi-family and one-to-four family residential property and construction loans. Substantially all of the Bank’s mortgage loans are secured by properties located within the Bank’s market area. From time-to-time, the Bank may purchase loans from other financial institutions to achieve loan growth objectives. Loans purchased comply with the Bank’s underwriting standards.

In recent years, Carver Federal has focused on origination of commercial real estate loans and multi-family residential loans. These loans generally have higher yields and shorter maturities than one-to-four family residential properties, and include prepayment penalties that the Bank collects if the loans pay in full prior to the contractual maturity. The Bank’s increased emphasis on commercial real estate and multi-family residential mortgage loans has increased the overall level of credit risk inherent in the Bank’s loan portfolio. The greater risk associated with commercial real estate and multi-family residential loans could require the Bank to increase its provisions for loan losses and to maintain an allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans in excess of the allowance currently maintained. Carver Federal continually reviews the composition of its mortgage loan portfolio and underwriting standards to manage the risk in the portfolio. To date, the Bank has not experienced significant losses in commercial real estate, multi-family residential and one-to-four family mortgage loan portfolios, although loan delinquencies as of March 31, 2009 are higher than prior comparable periods.

Carver Federal’s construction loan portfolio consists principally of loans originated through the Community Preservation Corporation (“CPC”). These loans are targeted toward affordable housing or rental dwelling units that tend to have lower risk profiles compared to other construction loans (discussed below). Nevertheless, during fiscal 2009, the Bank began to deemphasize construction loans, substantially reducing originations of new construction loans, allowing the outstanding balance of the construction loan portfolio to decline. As security for repayment, the Bank obtains a first lien position on the underlying collateral, and generally obtains personal guarantees. Construction loans also generally have a term of two years or less. Construction loans involve a greater degree of risk than other loans because, among other things, the underwriting of such loans is based on an estimated value of the developed property, which can be difficult to ascertain in light of uncertainties inherent in such estimations. In addition, construction lending entails the risk that the project may not be completed due to cost overruns or changes in market conditions. The greater risk associated with construction loans could require the Bank to increase its provision for loan losses, and to maintain an allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans in excess of the allowance the Bank currently maintains. To date, Carver Federal has not incurred any losses in the current construction loan portfolio.

Carver Federal’s business banking unit was formed in 2006 with the acquisition of Community Capital Bank (“CCB”), a commercial bank, to focus on loans to businesses located within the Bank’s market area. These loans are generally personally guaranteed by the business owners, and may be secured by the assets of the business. The interest rate on these loans is generally an adjustable rate based on a published index, usually the prime rate. These loans, while providing the Bank a higher rate of return, also present a higher level of risk. The greater risk associated with business loans could require the Bank to increase its provision for loan losses, and to maintain an allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans in excess of the allowance currently maintained. To date, Carver Federal has incurred some losses in the business loan portfolio from loans acquired through the CCB acquisition.

Loan Portfolio Composition. Total loans receivable increased by $9.5 million, or 1.5%, to $642.1 million at March 31, 2009 compared to $632.6 million at March 31, 2008. Carver Federal’s total loans receivable, net, as a percentage of total assets increased to 80.1% at March 31, 2009 compared to 79.5% at March 31, 2008. Non-residential real estate loans, which includes commercial real estate, totaled $273.6 million, or 42.6% of total loans receivable; multi-family loans totaled $80.3 million, or 12.5% of total loans receivable; construction loans (net of committed but undisbursed funds), totaled $144.3 million, or 22.5% of total loans receivable; one-to-four family mortgage loans totaled $84.7 million, or 13.2% of total loans receivable; business loans totaled $57.5 million, or 9.0% of total loans receivable; and consumer loans (credit card loans, personal loans, and home improvement loans) totaled $1.7 million, or 0.3% of total loans receivable. For additional information regarding Carver Federal’s loan portfolio refer to Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Loans Receivable, Net.”

Non-residential Real Estate Lending. Non-residential real estate lending consists predominantly of originating loans for the purpose of purchasing or refinancing office, mixed-use (properties used for both commercial and residential purposes but predominantly commercial), retail and church buildings in the Bank’s market area. Mixed use loans are secured by properties which are intended for both residential and business use and are classified as commercial real estate. Non-residential real estate lending entails additional risks compared with one to four family residential and multi-family lending. For example, such loans typically involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers, and the payment experience on such loans typically is dependent on the successful operation of the commercial property.

In making non-residential real estate loans, the Bank primarily considers the ability of the net operating income generated by the real estate to support the debt service, the financial resources, income level and managerial expertise of the borrower, the marketability of the property and the Bank’s lending experience with the borrower. Carver Federal’s maximum loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio on non-residential real estate mortgage loans is generally 75% based on the appraised value of the mortgaged property. The Bank generally requires a Debt Service Coverage Ratio (“DSCR”) of at least 1.25 on non-residential real estate loans. The Bank also requires the assignment of rents of all tenants’ leases in the mortgaged property and personal guarantees may be obtained for additional security from these borrowers.

At March 31, 2009, non-residential real estate mortgage loans totaled $273.6 million, or 42.6% of total loans receivable. This balance reflects a year-over-year increase of $35.8 million, or 14.7%. The increase in originations in fiscal 2009 is the result of favorable pricing opportunities on non-residential real estate loan originations during the fiscal year as a result of widening spreads compared to one to four family pricing. However, under the current economic environment, the Bank has strengthened its commercial real estate loan underwriting guidelines.

The Bank offers adjustable rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans with interest rate adjustment periods of one to five years and generally for terms of up to 15 years and amortization schedules up to thirty years. Interest rates on ARM loans currently offered by the Bank are adjusted at the beginning of each adjustment period are generally based upon a fixed spread above the FHLB-NY corresponding Regular Advance Rate. From time to time, the Bank may originate ARM loans at an initial rate lower than the index as a result of a discount on the spread for the initial adjustment period. Commercial adjustable-rate mortgage loans generally are not subject to limitations on interest rate increases either on an adjustment period or aggregate basis over the life of the loan.

Historically, Carver Federal has been a New York City metropolitan area leader in the origination of loans to churches. At March 31, 2009, loans to churches totaled $43.8 million, or 6.8% of the Bank’s total loans receivable. These loans generally have five-, seven-, or ten-year terms with 15-, 20- or 25-year amortization periods, a balloon payment due at the end of the term and generally have no greater than a 70% LTV ratio. The Bank also provides construction financing for churches and generally provides permanent financing upon completion of construction. There are currently 52 church loans in the Bank’s loan portfolio.

Loans secured by real estate owned by faith-based organizations generally are larger and involve greater risks than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Because payments on loans secured by such properties are often dependent on voluntary contributions by members of the church’s congregation, repayment of such loans may be subject to a greater extent to adverse conditions in the economy. The Bank seeks to minimize these risks in a variety of ways, including reviewing the organization’s financial condition, limiting the size of such loans and establishing the quality of the collateral securing such loans. The Bank determines the appropriate amount and type of security for such loans based in part upon the governance structure of the particular organization, the length of time the church has been established in the community and a cash flow analysis to determine the church’s ability to service the proposed loan. Carver Federal will obtain a first mortgage on the underlying real property and often requires personal guarantees of key members of the congregation and/or key person life insurance on the pastor. The Bank may also require the church to obtain key person life insurance on specific members of the church’s leadership. Historically, asset quality in the church loan category has been strong throughout Carver Federal’s history, however, as recent economic conditions have declined, Carver has experienced some delinquencies in this portfolio. Management believes that Carver Federal will remain a leading lender to churches in its market area, however, Carver will continue to conduct disciplined underwriting and maintain focused portfolio management.

Multi-family Real Estate Lending. Traditionally, Carver Federal originates and purchases multi-family loans, although no multi-family loans were purchased in fiscal 2009. Rates offered on this product are considered to be competitive with flexible terms that make this product attractive to borrowers. Multi-family property lending entails additional risks compared to one-to-four family residential lending. For example, such loans are dependent on the successful operation of such buildings and can be significantly impacted by supply and demand conditions in the market for multi-family residential units. Carver Federal’s multi-family loan portfolio increased $1.7 million in fiscal 2009, or 2.1% to $80.3 million, or 12.5%, of Carver Federal’s total loans receivable at March 31, 2009.

In making multi-family loans, the lending team primarily considers the property’s ability to generate net operating income sufficient to support the debt service, the financial resources, income level and managerial expertise of the borrower, the marketability of the property and the Bank’s lending experience with the borrower. Carver Federal’s multi-family product guidelines generally require that the maximum LTV not exceed 75% based on the appraised value of the mortgaged property. The Bank generally requires a DSCR of at least 1.20 on multi-family loans, which requires the properties to generate cash flow after expenses and allowances in excess of the principal and interest payment. Carver Federal originates and purchases multi-family loans, which are predominantly adjustable rate loans that generally amortize on the basis of a 15-, 20-, 25- or 30-year period and require a balloon payment after the first five years, or the borrower may have an option to extend the loan for two additional five-year periods. The Bank occasionally originates fixed rate loans with greater than five year terms. Personal guarantees may be obtained for additional security from these borrowers.

To help ensure continued collateral protection and asset quality for the term of multi-family real estate loans, Carver Federal employs a loan risk-rating system. All commercial real estate loans are risk-rated internally at the time of origination. In addition, to evaluate changes in the credit profile of the borrower and the underlying collateral, quarterly an independent consulting firm reviews and prepares a written report for a sample of multi-family real estate loan relationships of $250,000 or more, and at least annually prepares a written report for all relationships exceeding $2.0 million. Summary reports are then reviewed by management for changes in the credit profile of individual borrowers and the portfolio as a whole.

Construction Lending. The Bank originates or participates in construction loans for new construction and renovation of multi-family buildings, residential developments, community service facilities, churches, and affordable housing programs. The Bank’s construction loans generally have adjustable interest rates and are underwritten in accordance with the same standards as the Bank’s mortgage loans on existing properties. The loans provide for disbursement in stages as construction is completed. Participation in construction loans may be at various stages of funding. Construction terms are usually from 12 to 24 months. The construction loan interest is capitalized as part of the overall project cost and is funded monthly from the loan proceeds. Borrowers must satisfy all credit requirements that apply to the Bank’s permanent mortgage loan financing for the mortgaged property. Carver Federal has additional criteria for construction loans to include an engineer’s plan and cost review on all construction budgets with interest reserves for loans in excess of $250,000.

Construction financing generally is considered to involve a higher degree of risk of loss than long term financing on improved and occupied real estate. Risk of loss on a construction loan is dependent largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the mortgaged property’s value at completion of construction or development and the estimated cost (including interest) of construction. During the construction phase, a number of factors could result in project delays and cost overruns. If the estimate of construction costs proves to be inaccurate, the Bank may be required to advance funds beyond the amount originally committed to permit completion of the development. If the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the Bank may be confronted, at or prior to the maturity of the loan, with a project having a value that is insufficient to assure full repayment of such loan. The ability of a developer to sell completed dwelling units will depend on, among other things, demand, pricing, availability of comparable properties and economic conditions. The Bank has sought to minimize this risk by limiting construction lending to qualified borrowers in the Bank’s market areas, limiting the aggregate amount of outstanding construction loans and imposing a stricter LTV ratio requirement than that required for one-to-four family mortgage loans.

At March 31, 2009, the Bank had $144.3 million (net of $33.5 million of committed but undisbursed funds) in construction loans outstanding, comprising 22.5% of the Bank’s gross loan portfolio. The balance at March 31, 2009 reflects a $14.6 million, or 9.2%, decrease over fiscal 2008, consistent with the Bank’s objective of deemphasizing construction loans and letting the remaining principal balances amortize down. Purchased construction loans represent 68.9% of total construction loans in portfolio. The Bank’s primary source of construction loan purchases is with the Community Preservation Corporation (“CPC”), a non-profit corporation sponsored by more than 90 commercial banks, savings institutions and insurance companies that provides mortgage, construction and other lending for affordable housing, with a complementary goal to revitalize low- and moderate-income communities.

Due to the recent downturn in real estate conditions and the economy in general, it has become increasingly difficult for developers of these construction projects to provide end loan financing for purchasers of their units. This is due to more stringent pre-sale and other financing guidelines established by the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and the traditional buyers of these end loans. The Bank is actively working with the developers to commence a program to provide end loan financing to qualified prospective buyers of these units. If the developers are unable to obtain end loan financing for the sellout of the projects, such developments may be converted to rental units. The Bank has also underwritten such construction projects as residential rental building in the event the units cannot be sold, which would allow a takeout of the loans by various governmental agencies. In this connection, at March 31, 2009, Carver Federal had 24 CPC originated loans aggregating $76.4 million that have been originated for the development of “for sale” dwelling units with the option of the developer to convert the properties to rental units and close on committed financing from the New York City Pension Fund (“NYC Pension Fund”), which financing will be used to satisfy Carver Federal’s loan. Carver Federal has personal guarantees to cover any short-fall between NYC Pension Fund loan commitment amounts and the amount due Carver Federal. At March 31, 2009, Carver Federal also had seventeen CPC loans aggregating $23.0 million that were originated as rental properties with the expectation that these loans would be satisfied by existing loan commitments issued by the NYC Pension Fund.

One-to-four Family Residential Lending. Historically, Carver Federal emphasized the origination and purchase of first mortgage loans secured by one-to-four family properties that serve as the primary residence of the owner. To a much lesser degree, the Bank has made loans to investors that are secured by non-owner occupied one-to-four family properties, although this practice has been discontinued. In the past the Bank has also purchased one-to-four family loans, however, no such loans were purchased in fiscal 2009. Recently, the Bank has entered into an arrangement with a third party to originate and underwrite one-to-four family loans for the Bank using the Bank’s underwriting standards.

Carver Federal offers both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate residential mortgage loans with maturities of up to 30 years and a general maximum loan amount of $1.0 million. Approximately 92% of the one-to-four family residential mortgage loans maturing in greater than one year at March 31, 2009 were adjustable rate and approximately 8% were fixed-rate. One-to-four family residential real estate loans decreased $18.8 million to $84.7 million, or 18.1%, of the gross loan portfolio at March 31, 2009 compared to March 31, 2008. Of this amount, $1.2 million are subprime loans, or 0.2% of total loans receivable. $0.8 million are non-performing loans. The Bank decreased it emphasis on one-to-four family lending due to more favorable pricing on multi-family residential and commercial real estate lending.

The Bank’s lending policies generally limit the maximum loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio on one-to-four family residential mortgage loans secured by owner-occupied properties to 90% of the lesser of the appraised value or purchase price, with private mortgage insurance required on loans with LTV ratios in excess of 80%. Under certain special loan programs, Carver Federal may originate and sell loans secured by single-family homes purchased by first time home buyers where the LTV ratio may be up to 97%.

Carver Federal’s fixed-rate, one-to-four family residential mortgage loans are underwritten in accordance with applicable secondary market underwriting guidelines and requirements for sale. From time to time the Bank has sold such loans to the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), the State of New York Mortgage Agency (“SONYMA”) and other third parties. Loans are generally sold with limited recourse on a servicing retained basis except to SONYMA where the sale is made with servicing released. Carver Federal uses several servicing firms to sub-service mortgage loans, whether held in portfolio or sold with the servicing retained. At March 31, 2009, the Bank, through its sub-servicers, serviced $50.2 million in loans for FNMA and $6.6 million for other third parties.

Carver Federal offers one-year, three-year, five/one-year and five/three-year adjustable-rate one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. These loans are generally retained in Carver Federal’s portfolio although they may be sold in the secondary market. They are indexed to the weekly average rate on one-year, three-year and five-year U.S. Treasury or Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) securities, respectively, adjusted to a constant maturity (usually one year), plus a margin. The rates at which interest accrues on these loans are adjustable every one, three or five years, generally with limitations on adjustments of two percentage points per adjustment period and six percentage points over the life of a one-year adjustable-rate mortgage and four percentage points over the life of three-year and five-year adjustable-rate mortgages.

The retention of adjustable-rate loans in Carver Federal’s portfolio helps reduce Carver Federal’s exposure to increases in prevailing market interest rates. However, there are unquantifiable credit risks resulting from potential increases in costs to borrowers in the event of upward re-pricing of adjustable-rate loans. It is possible that during periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on adjustable-rate loans may increase due to increases in interest costs to borrowers. Although adjustable-rate loans allow the Bank to increase the sensitivity of its interest-earning assets to changes in interest rates, the extent of this interest rate sensitivity is limited by periodic and lifetime interest rate adjustment limitations. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that yields on the Bank’s adjustable-rate loans will fully adjust to compensate for increases in the Bank’s cost of funds. Adjustable-rate loans increase the Bank’s exposure to decreases in prevailing market interest rates, although decreases in the Bank’s cost of funds would tend to offset this effect.

Business Loans. Carver Federal’s small business lending portfolio increased by $6.1 million to $57.5 million, or 11.9%, of the Bank’s gross loan portfolio. Carver Federal provides revolving credit and term loan facilities to small businesses with annual sales of approximately $1 million to $25 million in manufacturing, services and wholesale segments. Business loans are personally guaranteed by the owners, and may also be secured by additional collateral, including real estate, equipment and inventory. Included in commercial business loans are loans made to owners of New York City taxi medallions. These loans, which totaled $9.1 million at March 31, 2009, are secured through first liens on the taxi medallions. Carver Federal originates taxi medallion loans up to 80% of the value of the taxi medallion.

Consumer and other Loans. At March 31, 2009, the Bank had $1.7 million in consumer and other loans, or 0.3%, of the Bank’s gross loan portfolio. At March 31, 2009, $1.5 million, or 88.2%, of the Bank’s consumer loans were unsecured loans, consisting of consumer loans other than loans secured by savings deposits, and $0.2 million, or 11.8%, were secured by savings deposits.

Consumer loans generally involve more risk than first mortgage loans. Collection of a delinquent loan is dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and thus is more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Further, the application of various federal and state laws, including federal and state bankruptcy and insolvency laws, may limit the amount which can be recovered. These loans may also give rise to claims and defenses by a borrower against Carver Federal, and a borrower may be able to assert claims and defenses against Carver Federal which it has against the seller of the underlying collateral. In underwriting unsecured consumer loans other than secured credit cards, Carver Federal considers the borrower’s credit history, an analysis of the borrower’s income, expenses and ability to repay the loan and the value of the collateral. The underwriting for secured credit cards only takes into consideration the value of the underlying collateral. See “—Asset Quality—Non-performing Assets.”

Loan Processing. Carver Federal’s loan originations are derived from a number of sources, including referrals by realtors, builders, depositors, borrowers and mortgage brokers, as well as walk-in customers. Loans are originated by the Bank’s personnel who receive a base salary, commissions and other incentive compensation. Real estate, business and unsecured loan applications are forwarded to the Bank’s Lending Department for underwriting pursuant to standards established in Carver Federal’s loan policy. The underwriting and loan processing for residential one-to-four family loans are performed by an outsourced third party loan originator using lending standards established by the Bank.

A commercial real estate loan application is completed for all multi-family and non-residential properties which the Bank finances. Prior to loan approval, the property is inspected by a loan officer. As part of the loan approval process, consideration is given to an independent appraisal, location, accessibility, stability of the neighborhood, environmental assessment, personal credit history of the applicant(s) and the financial capacity of the applicant(s). Business loan applications are completed for all business loans. Most business loans are secured by real estate, personal guarantees, and/or guarantees by the United States Small Business Association (“SBA”) or Uniform Commercial Code (“UCC”) filings. The loan approval process considers the credit history of the applicant, collateral, cash flow and purpose and stability of the business.

Upon receipt of a completed loan application from a prospective borrower, a credit report and other verifications are ordered to confirm specific information relating to the loan applicant’s income and credit standing. It is the Bank’s policy to obtain an appraisal of the real estate intended to secure a proposed mortgage loan from an independent appraiser approved by the Bank.

It is Carver Federal’s policy to record a lien on the real estate securing the loan and to obtain a title insurance policy that insures that the property is free of prior encumbrances. Borrowers must also obtain hazard insurance policies prior to closing and, when the property is in a flood plain as designated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, paid flood insurance policies must be obtained. Most borrowers are also required to advance funds on a monthly basis, together with each payment of principal and interest, to a mortgage escrow account from which the Bank makes disbursements for items such as real estate taxes and hazard insurance. Written conformation of the guarantee for SBA loans and evidence of the UCC filing is also required.

Loan Approval. Except for real estate and business loans in excess of $6.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, mortgage and business loan approval authority has been delegated by the Bank’s Board to the Board’s Asset Liability and Interest Rate Risk Committee. The Asset Liability and Interest Rate Risk Committee has delegated to the Bank’s Management Loan Committee, which consists of certain members of executive management, loan approval authority for loans up to and including $3.0 million for real estate loans, $2.0 million for business loans secured by real estate and $1.0 million for all other business loans. Any loan that represents an exception to the Bank’s lending policies must be ratified by the next higher approval authority. Real estate and business loans above $6.0 million and $3.0 million, respectively, must be approved by the full Board. Purchased loans are subject to the same approval process as originated loans. One-to-four family mortgage loans that conform to FNMA standards and limits may be approved by the outsourced third party loan originator.

Loans-to-One-Borrower. Under the loans-to-one-borrower limits of the United States Office of Thrift Supervision (“OTS”), with certain limited exceptions, loans and extensions of credit to a single or related group of borrowers outstanding at one time generally may not exceed 15% of the unimpaired capital and surplus of a savings bank. See “—Regulation and Supervision—Federal Banking Regulation—Loans-to-One-Borrower Limitations.” At March 31, 2009, the maximum loans-to-one-borrower under this test would be $12.6 million and the Bank had no relationships that exceeded this limit.

Loan Sales. Originations of one-to-four family real estate loans are generally made on properties located within the New York City metropolitan area, although Carver Federal occasionally funds loans secured by property in other areas. All such loans, however, satisfy the Bank’s underwriting criteria regardless of location. The Bank continues to offer one-to-four family fixed-rate mortgage loans in response to consumer demand but requires that such loans satisfy applicable secondary market guidelines of FNMA, SONYMA or other third-party purchaser to provide the opportunity for subsequent sale in the secondary market as desired to manage interest rate risk exposure.

Loan Originations and Purchases. Loan originations, including loans originated for sale, were $151.4 million in fiscal 2009 compared to $182.7 million in fiscal 2008. In prior years, the Bank increased its loan production of non-residential commercial real estate and multi-family lending, including those in construction, to take advantage of higher yields and better interest rate risk characteristics. However, due to the recent downturn in the real estate market and the economy in general, the Bank has strengthened its underwriting guidelines related to originations of non-residential commercial real estate loans and has curtailed construction lending given the additional risks associated with this product. In addition, the Bank has become more selective in purchasing loans. As a result, there were no purchases of loans during fiscal 2009 compared to $29.7 million for fiscal 2008.

The following table sets forth certain information with respect to Carver Federal’s loan originations, purchases and sales for the fiscal years ended March 31 (in thousands):

		2009								2008								2007
		Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent				Amount				Percent
Loans Originated:
One-to-four family		$	10,861				7.17	%		$	39,060				18.38	%		$	32,381				17.21	%
Multi-family			21,019				13.88	%			13,118				6.17	%			8,657				4.60	%
Non-residential			57,785				38.16	%			48,743				22.94	%			31,108				16.53	%
Construction			38,471				25.40	%			61,021				28.72	%			56,834				30.20	%
Business			22,891				15.12	%			18,982				8.93	%			730				0.39	%
Consumer and others (1)			405				0.27	%			1,804				0.85	%			282				0.15	%
Total loans originated			151,432				100.00	%			182,728				86.00	%			129,992				69.08	%
Loans purchased (2)			—				—	%			29,736				14.00	%			58,191				30.92	%
Total loans originated and purchased			151,432				100.00	%			212,464				100.00	%			188,183				100.00	%
Loans sold (3)			(10,291	)							(17,716	)							(30,778	)
Net additions to loan portfolio		$	141,141							$	194,748							$	157,405

Loans purchased by the Bank entail certain risks not necessarily associated with loans the Bank originates. The Bank’s purchased loans are generally acquired without recourse, with certain exceptions related to the seller’s compliance with representations and warranties, and in accordance with the Bank’s underwriting criteria for originations. In addition, purchased loans have a variety of terms, including maturities, interest rate caps and indices for adjustment of interest rates, that may differ from those offered at that time by the Bank. The Bank initially seeks to purchase loans in its market area, however, the Bank may purchase loans secured by property secured outside its market area to meet its financial objectives. The market areas in which the properties that secure the purchased loans are located may differ from Carver Federal’s market area and may be subject to economic and real estate market conditions that may significantly differ from those experienced in Carver Federal’s market area. There can be no assurance that economic conditions in these out-of-state markets will not deteriorate in the future, resulting in increased loan delinquencies and loan losses among the loans secured by property in these areas.

In an effort to reduce risks, the Bank has sought to ensure that purchased loans satisfy the Bank’s underwriting standards and do not otherwise have a higher risk of collection or loss than loans originated by the Bank. A review of each purchased loan is conducted, and the Bank also requires appropriate documentation and further seeks to reduce its risk by requiring, in each buy/sell agreement, a series of warranties and representations as to the underwriting standards and the enforceability of the related legal documents. These warranties and representations remain in effect for the life of the loan. Any misrepresentation must be cured within 90 days of discovery or trigger certain repurchase provisions in the buy/sell agreement.

Loan Maturity Schedule. The following table sets forth information at March 31, 2009 regarding the amount of loans maturing in Carver Federal’s portfolio, including scheduled repayments of principal, based on contractual terms to maturity. Demand loans, loans having no schedule of repayments and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less. The table below does not include any estimate of prepayments, which significantly shorten the average life of all mortgage loans and may cause Carver Federal’s actual repayment experience to differ significantly from that shown below (in thousands):

		Loan Maturities
		<1 Yr.				1-2 Yrs.				2-3 Yrs.				3-5 Yrs.				5-10 Yrs.				10-20 Yrs.				20+ Yrs.				Total
Gross loans receivable:
One-to-four family		$	10			$	253			$	109			$	362			$	2,105			$	4,111			$	77,716			$	84,666
Multi-family			1,063				76				8,115				8,710				23,517				23,472				15,368				80,321
Non-residential			16,629				11,804				8,188				38,361				93,227				95,004				10,382				273,595
Construction			140,369				—				—				—				3,000				949				—				144,318
Business			18,946				792				8,643				5,894				17,433				3,952				1,862				57,522
Consumer			98				15				55				992				441				68				5				1,674
Total		$	177,115			$	12,940			$	25,110			$	54,319			$	139,723			$	127,556			$	105,333			$	642,096

The following table sets forth as of March 31, 2009 amounts in each loan category that are contractually due after March 31, 2010 and whether such loans have fixed or adjustable interest rates. Scheduled contractual principal repayments of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual lives of such assets. The average life of long term loans is substantially less than their contractual terms due to prepayments. In addition, due-on-sale clauses in mortgage loans generally give Carver Federal the right to declare a conventional loan due and payable in the event, among other things, that a borrower sells the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. The average life of mortgage loans tends to increase when current mortgage loan market rates are higher than rates on existing mortgage loans and tends to decrease when current mortgage loan market rates are lower than rates on existing mortgage loans (in thousands):

		Due After March 31, 2010
		Fixed				Adjustable				Total
Gross loans receivable:
One-to-four family		$	6,361			$	78,295			$	84,656
Multi-family			20,944				58,258				79,214
Non-residential			75,751				181,215				256,966
Construction			—				3,949				3,949
Business			14,401				23,490				37,891
Consumer			1,576				—				1,576
Total		$	119,033			$	345,948			$	464,981

Asset Quality

General. One of the Bank’s key operating objectives continues to be to maintain a high level of asset quality. Through a variety of strategies, including, but not limited to, monitoring loan delinquencies and borrower workout arrangements, the Bank has been proactive in addressing problem loans and non-performing assets. The maintenance of sound credit standards for loan originations has resulted in the Bank historically having lower net charge-offs of loans.

The underlying credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio is dependent primarily on each borrower’s ability to continue to make required loan payments and, in the event a borrower is unable to continue to do so, the adequacy of the value of the collateral securing the loan. For non-residential real estate and multi-family loans, the borrower’s ability to pay typically is dependent on rental income which can be impacted by vacancies and general market conditions. For one-to-four family loans, a borrower’s ability to pay typically is dependent primarily on employment and other sources of income. A borrower’s ability to pay is also impacted by general economic and other factors, such as unanticipated expenditures or changes in the financial markets. Collateral values, particularly real estate values, are also impacted by a variety of factors, including general economic conditions, demographics, maintenance and collection or foreclosure delays.

Non-performing Assets. Non-performing assets consist of non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due and property acquired in settlement of loans. When a borrower fails to make a payment on a loan, immediate steps are taken by Carver Federal and its loan servicers to have the delinquency cured and the loan restored to current status. This includes a series of actions including phone calls, letters and, if necessary, legal action or other appropriate action. In the case of business loans the collection process is similar. The Bank may pursue foreclosure or other appropriate action for business loans secured by real estate. For business loans not secured by real estate, the Bank may seek the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guarantee or other appropriate action, where applicable. Loans that remain delinquent are reviewed for charge-off. The Bank’s collection efforts continue after the loan is charged off, except when a determination is made that collection efforts have been exhausted or are not productive.

The Bank may from time to time agree to modify the contractual terms of a borrower’s loan. In cases where such modifications represent a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring. Loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are placed on non-accrual status until the Bank determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires that the borrower demonstrate a period of performance according to the restructured terms of six months. At March 31, 2009, loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring, which are included in non-accrual loans, totaled $8.7 million.

The following table sets forth information with respect to Carver Federal’s non-performing assets which includes non-accrual loans, accruing loans 90 days or more past due and property acquired in settlement of loans. as of March 31 (dollars in thousands):

		2009				2008				2007				2006				2005
Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis (1):
Gross loans receivable:
One-to-four family		$	4,396			$	567			$	173			$	1,098			$	149
Multi-family			3,569				—				3,886				763				167
Non-residential			11,375				522				—				—				665
Construction			3,286				—				—				865				—
Business			3,079				1,708				439				—				—
Consumer			22				57				12				4				17
Total non-accrual loans			25,727				2,854				4,510				2,730				998
Accruing loans contractually past due > 90 days			894				—				—				—				—
Total non-accrual & accruing loans past due > 90 days			26,621				2,854				4,510				2,730				998
Other non-performing assets (2):
Real estate owned			465				1,163				28				26				—
Total other non-performing assets			465				1,163				28				26				—
Total non-performing assets		$	27,086			$	4,017			$	4,538			$	2,756			$	998
Non-performing loans to total loans			4.15	%			0.43	%			0.74	%			0.55	%			0.23	%
Non-performing assets to total assets			3.42	%			0.50	%			0.61	%			0.42	%			0.16	%

At March 31, 2009, total non-performing assets increased by $23.1 million to $27.1 million, compared to $4.0 million at March 31, 2008. Non-accrual loans consist of 10 one- to four- family loans, 2 multi-family loans, 12 non-residential real estate loans, 1 construction loan and 29 small business and SBA loans. The increase in delinquent loans from the prior year appears to be primarily the result of deterioration in economic conditions which have already impacted some borrowers. Management believes that the risk of losses on certain delinquent loans is mitigated by the values of the properties securing these delinquent loans and existing loan loss reserves. Other real estate owned of $0.5 million reflects three properties foreclosed upon.

Asset Classification and Allowances for Losses. Federal regulations and the Bank’s policies require the classification of assets on the basis of credit quality on a quarterly basis. An asset is classified as “substandard” if it is non-performing and/or determined to be inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or the current value of the collateral pledged, if any. An asset is classified as “doubtful” if full collection is highly questionable or improbable. An asset is classified as “loss” if it is considered un-collectible, even if a partial recovery could be expected in the future. The regulations also provide for a “special mention” designation, described as assets that do not currently expose a savings institution to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification but do possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving management’s close attention. Assets classified as substandard or doubtful result in a higher level of allowances for loan losses recorded under SFAS No. 5 “Accounting for Contingencies”. If an asset or portion thereof is classified as a loss, a savings institution must either establish specific allowances for loan losses pursuant to SFAS No. 114 “Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan” in the amount of the portion of the asset classified loss or charge off such amount. Federal examiners may disagree with a savings institution’s classifications. If a savings institution does not agree with an examiner’s classification of an asset, it may appeal this determination to the OTS Regional Director.

The OTS, in conjunction with the other federal banking agencies, has adopted an interagency policy statement on the allowance for loan losses and lease losses. The policy statement provides guidance for financial institutions on both the responsibilities of management for the assessment and establishment of adequate allowances and guidance for banking agency examiners to use in determining the adequacy of general valuation guidelines. Generally, the policy statement recommends that institutions have effective systems and controls to identify, monitor and address asset quality problems, that management analyze all significant factors that affect the ability to collect the portfolio in a reasonable manner and that management establish acceptable allowance evaluation processes that meet the objectives set forth in the policy statement. Management is responsible for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and the periodic provisioning for estimated losses included in the consolidated financial statements. The evaluation process is undertaken on a quarterly basis, but may increase in frequency should conditions arise that would require management’s prompt attention, such as business combinations and opportunities to dispose of non-performing and marginally performing loans by bulk sale or any development which may indicate an adverse trend. Although management believes that adequate specific and general loan loss allowances have been established, actual losses are dependent upon future events and, as such, further additions to the level of specific and general loan loss allowances may become necessary. Federal examiners may disagree with a savings institution as to the appropriate level of the institution’s allowance for loan losses. While management believes Carver Federal has established its existing loss allowances in accordance with the ALLL, there can be no assurance that regulators, in reviewing Carver Federal’s assets, will not require Carver Federal to increase its loss allowance, thereby negatively affecting Carver Federal’s reported financial condition and results of operations. For additional information regarding Carver Federal’s ALLL policy, refer to Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.”

The Board has designated the Internal Asset Review Committee on a quarterly basis to perform a review of the Bank’s asset quality, establish general and specific allowances, determine loan classifications and submit their report to the Board for review. Carver Federal’s methodology for establishing the allowance for loan losses takes into consideration probable losses that have been identified in connection with specific loans as well as losses that have not been identified but can be expected to occur. Further, management reviews the ratio of allowances to total loans (including projected growth) and recommends adjustments to the level of allowances accordingly. Although management believes it uses the best information available to make determinations with respect to the allowances for losses, future adjustments may be necessary if economic conditions differ from the economic conditions in the assumptions used in making the initial determinations, or if circumstances pertaining to individual loans change, or new information pertaining to individual loans or the loan portfolio is identified. The Bank has a centralized loan servicing structure that relies upon outside servicers, each of which generates a monthly report of delinquent loans. The Asset Liability and Interest Rate Risk Committee of the Board establishes policy relating to internal classification of loans and also provides input to the Internal Asset Review Committee in its review of classified assets. In originating loans, Carver Federal recognizes that credit losses will occur and that the risk of loss will vary with, among other things, the type of loan being made, the creditworthiness of the borrower over the term of the loan, general economic conditions and, in the case of a secured loan, the quality of the security for the loan.

 

14

It is management’s policy to maintain a general allowance for loan losses based on, among other things, regular reviews of delinquencies and loan portfolio quality, character and size, the Bank’s and the industry’s historical and projected loss experience and current and forecasted economic conditions. In addition, considerable uncertainty exists as to the future improvement or deterioration of the real estate markets in various states, or of their ultimate impact on Carver Federal as a result of its purchased loans in such states. See “—Lending Activities—Loan Purchases and Originations.” Carver Federal increases its allowance for loan losses by charging provisions for possible losses against the Bank’s income. General allowances are established by management on at least a quarterly basis based on an assessment of risk in the Bank’s loans, taking into consideration the composition and quality of the portfolio, delinquency trends, current charge-off and loss experience, the state of the real estate market and economic conditions generally. Specific allowances are provided for individual loans, or portions of loans, when ultimate collection is considered improbable by management based on the current payment status of the loan and the fair value or net realizable value of the security for the loan. A loan is generally deemed impaired when it is probable the Bank will be unable to collect both principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans the Bank individually classifies as impaired include multi-family mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, construction loans, business loans and one-to-four family mortgage loans, which have been classified by the Bank’s credit review officer as substandard, doubtful or loss, and certain loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring A valuation allowance is established when the current estimated fair value of the property that collateralizes the impaired loan, if any, is less than the recorded investment in the loan.

At the date of foreclosure or other repossession or at the date the Bank determines a property is an impaired property, the Bank transfers the property to real estate acquired in settlement of loans at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated selling costs. Fair value is defined as the amount in cash or cash-equivalent value of other consideration that a real estate parcel would yield in a current sale between a willing buyer and a willing seller. Any amount of cost in excess of fair value is charged-off against the allowance for loan losses. Carver Federal records an allowance for estimated selling costs of the property immediately after foreclosure. Subsequent to acquisition, management periodically evaluates the property and an allowance is established if the estimated fair value of the property, less estimated costs to sell, declines. If, upon ultimate disposition of the property, net sales proceeds exceed the net carrying value of the property, a gain on sale of real estate is recorded, providing the Bank did not provide the loan.

The following table sets forth an analysis of Carver Federal’s allowance for loan losses for the years ended March 31 (dollars in thousands):

		2009				2008				2007				2006				2005
Balance at beginning of year		$	4,878			$	5,409			$	4,015			$	4,097			$	4,125
Less Charge-offs:
One-to-four family			—				22				19				17				8
Business			501				709				50				—				—
Consumer and other			83				174				51				100				65
Total Charge-offs			584				905				120				117				73
Add Recoveries:
One-to-four family			—				—				2				5				—
Non-residential			—				—				2				—				—
Business			10				110				—				—				—
Consumer and other			43				42				43				30				45
Total Recoveries			53				152				47				35				45
Net loans charged-off			531				753				73				82				28
CCB acquisition allowance			—				—				1,191				—				—
Provision for losses			2,702				222				276				—				—
Balance at end of year		$	7,049			$	4,878			$	5,409			$	4,015			$	4,097
Ratios:
Net charge-offs to average loans outstanding			0.08	%			0.17	%			0.02	%			0.02	%			0.01	%
Allowance to total loans			1.06	%			0.74	%			0.89	%			0.81	%			0.96	%
Allowance to non-performing loans (1)			27.40	%			170.89	%			119.93	%			147.07	%			410.65	%

The following table allocates the allowance for loan losses by asset category at March 31 (dollars in thousands):

		2009								2008								2007								2006								2005
						% of								% of								% of								% of								% of
						Loans								Loans								Loans								Loans								Loans
						to Total								to Total								to Total								to Total								to Total
						Gross								Gross								Gross								Gross								Gross
		Amount				Loans				Amount				Loans				Amount				Loans				Amount				Loans				Amount				Loans
Allowance for loan losses:
One-to-four family		$	970				13.8	%		$	324				6.6	%		$	372				6.9	%		$	565				14.1	%		$	528				12.9	%
Multi-family			428				6.1	%			315				6.5	%			1,414				26.1	%			1,084				27.0	%			898				21.9	%
Non-residential			2,417				34.2	%			1,215				24.9	%			1,487				27.5	%			960				23.9	%			1,129				27.6	%
Construction			896				12.7	%			1,448				29.7	%			951				17.6	%			303				7.5	%			212				5.2	%
Business			2,268				32.2	%			1,124				23.0	%			951				17.6	%			22				0.5	%			10				0.2	%
Consumer and other			70				1.0	%			94				1.9	%			234				4.3	%			420				10.5	%			544				13.3	%
Unallocated			—				0.0	%			358				7.3	%			—				0.0	%			661				16.5	%			776				18.9	%
Total Allowance		$	7,049				100.0	%		$	4,878				100.0	%		$	5,409				100.0	%		$	4,015				100.0	%		$	4,097				100.0	%

The allocation of the allowance to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in any category.

Investment Activities

General. The Bank utilizes mortgage-backed and other investment securities in its asset/liability management strategy. In making investment decisions, the Bank considers, among other things, its yield and interest rate objectives, its interest rate and credit risk position and its liquidity and cash flow.

Generally, the investment policy of the Bank is to invest funds among categories of investments and maturities based upon the Bank’s asset/liability management policies, investment quality, loan and deposit volume and collateral requirements, liquidity needs and performance objectives. Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities”, requires that securities be classified into three categories: trading, held-to-maturity, and available-for-sale. Securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling them in the near term are classified as trading securities and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings. Debt securities for which the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and reported at amortized cost. All other securities not classified as trading or held-to-maturity are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included, on an after-tax basis, in a separate component of stockholders’ equity. At March 31, 2009, the Bank had no securities classified as trading. At March 31, 2009, $60.0 million, or 80.2% of the Bank’s mortgage-backed and other investment securities, was classified as available-for-sale. The remaining $14.8 million, or 19.8%, was classified as held-to-maturity.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Bank has invested in mortgage-backed securities to help achieve its asset/liability management goals and collateral needs. Although mortgage-backed securities generally yield less than whole loans, they present substantially lower credit risk, are more liquid than individual mortgage loans and may be used to collateralize obligations of the Bank. Because Carver Federal receives regular payments of principal and interest from its mortgage-backed securities, these investments provide more consistent cash flows than investments in other debt securities, which generally only pay principal at maturity. Mortgage-backed securities also help the Bank meet certain definitional tests for favorable treatment under federal banking and tax laws. See “—Regulation and Supervision—Federal Banking Regulation—Qualified Thrift Lender Test” and “—Federal and State Taxation.”

At March 31, 2009, mortgage-backed securities constituted 9.4% of total assets, as compared to 4.6% of total assets at March 31, 2008. Carver Federal maintains a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities in the form of Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) pass-through certificates, Federal National Mortgage Association (“ FNMA”) and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp (“FHLMC”) participation certificates. GNMA pass-through certificates are guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the United States Government while FNMA and FHLMC certificates are each guaranteed by their respective agencies as to principal and interest. Mortgage-backed securities generally entitle Carver Federal to receive a pro rata portion of the cash flows from an identified pool of mortgages. The cash flows from such pools are segmented and paid in accordance with a predetermined priority to various classes of securities issued by the entity. Carver Federal has also invested in pools of loans guaranteed as to principal and interest by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”).

The Bank seeks to manage interest rate risk by investing in adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities, which at March 31, 2009, constituted $20.2 million, or 40.2%, of the mortgage-backed securities portfolio. Mortgage-backed securities, however, expose Carver Federal to certain unique risks. In a declining rate environment, accelerated prepayments of loans underlying these securities expose Carver Federal to the risk that it will be unable to obtain comparable yields upon reinvestment of the proceeds. In the event the mortgage-backed security has been funded with an interest-bearing liability with maturity comparable to the original estimated life of the mortgage-backed security, the Bank’s interest rate spread could be adversely affected. Conversely, in a rising interest rate environment, the Bank may experience a lower than estimated rate of repayment on the underlying mortgages, effectively extending the estimated life of the mortgage-backed security and exposing the Bank to the risk that it may be required to fund the asset with a liability bearing a higher rate of interest. For additional information regarding Carver Federal’s mortgage-backed securities portfolio and its maturities refer to Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Securities.”

Other Investment Securities. In addition to mortgage-backed securities, the Bank also invests in high-quality assets (primarily government and agency obligations) with short and intermediate terms (typically seven years or less) to maturity. Carver Federal is permitted under federal law to make certain investments, including investments in securities issued by various federal agencies and state and municipal governments, deposits at the FHLB-NY, certificates of deposit in federally insured institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances and federal funds. The Bank may also invest, subject to certain limitations, in commercial paper having one of the two highest investment ratings of a nationally recognized credit rating agency, and certain other types of corporate debt securities and mutual funds (See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Other Earning Assets. Federal regulations require the Bank to maintain an investment in FHLB-NY stock and a sufficient amount of liquid assets which may be invested in cash and specified securities. For additional information, see “—Regulation and Supervision—Federal Banking Regulation—Liquidity.”

Securities Impairment. The Bank’s available-for-sale securities portfolio is carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss in stockholders’ equity. Securities that the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. The fair values of securities in portfolio are based on published or securities dealers’ market values and are affected by changes in interest rates. The Bank quarterly reviews and evaluates the securities portfolio to determine if the decline in the fair value of any security below its cost basis is other-than-temporary. The Bank generally views changes in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. However, if such a decline is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to a new cost basis and the resulting loss is charged to earnings. At March 31, 2009, the Bank held a private label mortgage-backed security which was determined to be other than temporarily impaired in the amount of $52 thousand.

Sources of Funds

General. Deposits are the primary source of Carver Federal’s funds for lending and other investment purposes. In addition to deposits, Carver Federal derives funds from loan principal repayments, loan and investment interest payments, maturing investments and fee income. Loan and mortgage-backed securities repayments and interest payments are a relatively stable source of funds, while deposit inflows and outflows are significantly influenced by prevailing market interest rates, pricing of deposits, competition and general economic conditions. Borrowed money may be used to supplement the Bank’s available funds, and from time to time the Bank borrows funds from the FHLB-NY and has borrowed funds through repurchase agreements and trust preferred debt securities.

Deposits. Carver Federal attracts deposits from consumers, businesses, non-profit organizations and public entities through its nine branches principally from within its market area by offering a variety of deposit instruments, including passbook and statement accounts and certificates of deposit, which range in term from 91 days to five years. Deposit terms vary, principally on the basis of the minimum balance required, the length of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. Carver Federal also offers Individual Retirement Accounts. Carver Federal also holds deposits from various governmental agencies or authorities and corporations.

The Bank’s Malcom X, Bradhurst, Jamaica and Sunset Park branches operate in New York State designated Banking Development Districts (“BDD”), which allows Carver Federal to obtain New York City and New York State deposits. As of March 31, 2009, Carver Federal held $118.7 million in BDD deposits. BDD deposits are designed to encourage the development of branches and provision of banking products and services in underserved communities.

At March 31, 2009 the Bank held $25.0 million in brokered certificates of deposits which the Bank intends to replace with non-brokered deposits as they mature.

The Bank also has $62.3 million of reciprocal deposits acquired through its participation in the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service (“CDARS”). As a participant, the CDARS network arranges for placement of Carver Federal’s customer funds into certificate of deposit accounts issued by other CDARS member banks in increments of less than the individual FDIC insurance limit amount to ensure that both principal and interest are eligible for full FDIC deposit insurance. This allows the Bank to maintain its customer relationship while still providing its customers with FDIC insurance for the full amount of their deposits, up to $50 million per customer. In exchange, Carver Federal receives from other member banks their customer’s deposits in like amounts. Depositors are allowed to withdraw funds, with a penalty, from these accounts. Carver Federal may, but has not at this time elected to, make or receive non-reciprocal deposits. Prior to the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“ESSA”) the FDIC deposit insurance limit was $100,000. As result of ESSA, this limit has been increased to $250,000 through December 31, 2009.

Deposit interest rates, maturities, service fees and withdrawal penalties on deposits are established based on the Bank’s funds acquisition and liquidity requirements, the rates paid by the Bank’s competitors, current market rates, the Bank’s growth goals and applicable regulatory restrictions and requirements. For additional information regarding Bank’s deposit accounts and the related weighted average interest rates paid; and amount and maturities of certificates of deposit in specified weighted average interest rate categories refer to Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Deposits.”

Borrowed Money. While deposits are the primary source of funds for Carver Federal’s lending, investment and general operating activities, Carver Federal is authorized to obtain advances from the FHLB-NY and securities sold under agreements to repurchase (“Repos”) from approved primary dealers to supplement its supply of funds and to meet deposit withdrawal requirements. The FHLB-NY functions as a central bank providing credit for savings institutions and certain other member financial institutions. As a member of the FHLB, Carver Federal is required to own stock in the FHLB-NY and is authorized to apply for advances. Advances are made pursuant to several different programs, each of which has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Advances from the FHLB-NY are secured by Carver Federal’s stock in the FHLB-NY and a pledge a portion of Carver Federal’s mortgage loan and mortgage-backed securities portfolios. The Bank takes into consideration the term of borrowed money with the re-pricing cycle of the mortgage loans on its balance sheet. At March 31, 2009, Carver had $101.6 million in FHLB-NY advances and Repos.

On September 17, 2003, Carver Statutory Trust I issued 13,000 shares, liquidation amount $1,000 per share, of floating rate capital securities. Gross proceeds from the sale of these trust preferred debt securities were $13.0 million and, together with the proceeds from the sale of the trust’s common securities, were used to purchase approximately $13.4 million aggregate principal amount of the Holding Company’s floating rate junior subordinated debt securities due 2033. The trust preferred debt securities are redeemable quarterly at the option of the Company beginning on or after September 17, 2008 and have a mandatory redemption date of September 17, 2033. Cash distributions on the trust preferred debt securities are cumulative and payable at a floating rate per annum (reset quarterly) equal to 3.05% over 3-month LIBOR, with a rate at March 31, 2009 of 4.37%. The subordinated debt securities amounted to $13.4 million at March 31, 2009 and are included in other borrowed money on the consolidated statement of financial condition. For additional information regarding Bank’s advances from the FHLB-NY and other borrowed money, refer to Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, “Borrowed Money.”

REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

The Bank is subject to extensive regulation, examination and supervision by its primary regulator, the OTS. The Bank’s deposit accounts are insured up to applicable limits by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) under the Deposit Insurance Fund (“DIF”), and is a member of the FHLB. The Bank must file reports with the OTS concerning its activities and financial condition, and it must obtain regulatory approvals prior to entering into certain transactions, such as mergers with, or acquisitions of, other depository institutions. The Holding Company, as a unitary savings and loan holding company, is subject to regulation, examination and supervision by the OTS and is required to file certain reports with, and otherwise comply with, the rules and regulations of the OTS and of the SEC under the federal securities laws. The OTS and the FDIC periodically perform safety and soundness examinations of the Bank and the Holding Company and test compliance with various regulatory requirements. The OTS has primary enforcement responsibility over federally chartered savings banks and has substantial discretion to impose enforcement action on an institution that fails to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, particularly with respect to its capital requirements. In addition, the FDIC has the authority to recommend to the Director of the OTS that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular federally chartered savings bank and, if action is not taken by the Director, the FDIC has authority to take such action under certain circumstances.

This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework to regulate and control the activities in which an institution can engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the insurance fund and depositors. This structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. Any change in such laws and regulations whether by the OTS, the FDIC or through legislation could have a material adverse impact on the Bank and the Holding Company and their operations and stockholders.

The description of statutory provisions and regulations applicable to federally chartered savings banks and their holding companies and of tax matters set forth in this document does not purport to be a complete description of all such statutes and regulations and their effects on the Bank and the Holding Company.

Recent Government Actions

The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (“EESA”), was signed into law on October 3, 2008 and authorizes the Treasury to establish the Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”) to purchase certain troubled assets from financial institutions, including banks and thrifts. Under the TARP, the Treasury may purchase residential and commercial mortgages, and securities, obligations or other instruments based on such mortgages, originated or issued on or before March 14, 2008 that the Secretary of the Treasury determines promotes market stability, as well as any other financial instrument that the Treasury, after consultation with the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, or FRB, determines the purchase of which is necessary to promote market stability. In the case of a publicly-traded financial institution that sells troubled assets into the TARP, the Treasury must receive a warrant giving the Treasury the right to receive nonvoting common stock or preferred stock in such financial institution, or voting stock with respect to which the Treasury agrees not to exercise voting power, subject to certain de minimis exceptions. In addition, all financial institutions that sell troubled assets to the TARP and meet certain conditions will also be subject to certain executive compensation restrictions, which differ depending on how the troubled assets are acquired under the TARP.

On October 14, 2008, the Treasury announced that it will purchase equity stakes in a wide variety of banks and thrifts. Under this program, known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program (the “TARP CPP”), the Treasury made $250 billion of capital available (from the $700 billion authorized by the EESA) to U.S. financial institutions in the form of preferred stock. In conjunction with the purchase of preferred stock, the Treasury will receive warrants to purchase common stock with an aggregate market price equal to 15% of the preferred investment. Participating financial institutions will be required to adopt the Treasury’s standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the Treasury holds equity issued under the TARP CPP. On January 20, 2009, the Company announced that it completed the sale of $18.98 million in preferred stock to the Treasury in connection with Carver’s participation in the TARP CPP. Importantly, Carver is exempt from the requirement to issue a warrant to the Treasury to purchase shares of common stock, as the Bank is a certified CDFI, conducting most of its depository and lending activities in disadvantaged communities. Therefore, the investment did not dilute common stock stockholders. As a participant in TARP CPP, the Company is subject to certain obligations currently in effect, such as compensation restrictions, a luxury expenditure policy, the requirement the Company include a “say on pay” proposal in the proxy statement and certain certifications. The Company is also subject to additional restrictions or obligations as may be imposed under TARP CPP for as long as the Company participates in TARP CPP.

In addition to establishing the TARP, the EESA also requires that the Secretary of the Treasury establish a program that will guarantee the principal of, and interest on, troubled assets originated or issued prior to March 14, 2008 to help restore liquidity and stability to the financial system known as the Temporary Liquidity Guaranty Program (“TLGP”). The Secretary of the Treasury will establish premiums for financial institutions that participate in this program and may provide for variations in such rates in accordance with the credit risk associated with the particular troubled asset being guaranteed.

Federal Banking Regulation

Activity Powers. The Bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act (“HOLA”), as amended, and the regulations of the OTS. Under these laws and regulations, the Bank may invest in mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial and consumer loans, certain types of debt securities and certain other assets. The Bank may also establish service corporations that may engage in activities not otherwise permissible for the Bank, including certain real estate equity investments and securities and insurance brokerage. The Bank’s authority to invest in certain types of loans or other investments is limited by federal law. These investment powers are subject to various limitations, including (1) a prohibition against the acquisition of any corporate debt security that is not rated in one of the four highest rating categories, (2) a limit of 400% of an association’s capital on the aggregate amount of loans secured by non-residential real estate property, (3) a limit of 20% of an association’s assets on commercial loans, with the amount of commercial loans in excess of 10% of assets being limited to small business loans, (4) a limit of 35% of an association’s assets on the aggregate amount of consumer loans and acquisitions of certain debt securities, (5) a limit of 5% of assets on non-conforming loans (loans in excess of the specific limitations of HOLA), and (6) a limit of the greater of 5% of assets or an association’s capital on certain construction loans made for the purpose of financing what is or is expected to become residential property.

On October 4, 2006, the OTS and other federal bank regulatory authorities published the Interagency Guidance on Nontraditional Mortgage Product Risks, or the Guidance. The Guidance describes sound practices for managing risk, as well as marketing, originating and servicing nontraditional mortgage products, which include, among other things, interest-only loans. The Guidance sets forth supervisory expectations with respect to loan terms and underwriting standards, portfolio and risk management practices and consumer protection. For example, the Guidance indicates that originating interest-only loans with reduced documentation is considered a layering of risk and that institutions are expected to demonstrate mitigating factors to support their underwriting decision and the borrower’s repayment capacity. Specifically, the Guidance indicates that a lender should be able to readily document income and a lender may accept a borrower’s statement as to the borrower’s income without obtaining verification only if there are mitigating factors that clearly minimize the need for direct verification of repayment capacity.

On December 14, 2006, the OTS published guidance entitled “Concentrations in Commercial Real Estate Lending, Sound Risk Management Practices,” or the CRE Guidance, to address concentrations of commercial real estate loans in savings associations. The CRE Guidance reinforces and enhances the OTS’ existing regulations and guidelines for real estate lending and loan portfolio management, but does not establish specific commercial real estate lending limits. The Bank has evaluated the CRE Guidance to determine its compliance and, as necessary, modified its risk management practices, underwriting guidelines and consumer protection standards. See “Lending Activities and Asset Quality” in Item 1, “Business” for discussions of Carver Federal’s loan product offerings and related underwriting standards.

On June 29, 2007, the OTS and other federal bank regulatory agencies issued a final Statement on Subprime Mortgage Lending, or the Statement, to address the growing concerns facing the subprime mortgage market, particularly with respect to rapidly rising subprime default rates that may indicate borrowers do not have the ability to repay adjustable rate subprime loans originated by financial institutions. In particular, the agencies expressed concern in the Statement that current underwriting practices do not take into account that many subprime borrowers are not prepared for “payment shock” and that the current subprime lending practices compound risk for financial institutions. The Statement describes the prudent safety and soundness and consumer protection standards that financial institutions should follow to ensure borrowers obtain loans that they can afford to repay. These standards include a fully indexed, fully amortized qualification for borrowers and cautions on risk-layering features, including an expectation that stated income and reduced documentation should be accepted only if there are documented mitigating factors that clearly minimize the need for verification of a borrower’s repayment capacity. Consumer protection standards include clear and balanced product disclosures to customers and limits on prepayment penalties that allow for a reasonable period of time, typically at least 60 days, for borrowers to refinance prior to the expiration of the initial fixed interest rate period without penalty. The Statement also reinforces the April 17, 2007 Interagency Statement on Working with Mortgage Borrowers, in which the federal bank regulatory agencies encouraged institutions to work constructively with residential borrowers who are financially unable or reasonably expected to be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations on their home loans. In addition, the Statement referenced expanded guidance issued by the agencies by press release dated January 31, 2001. According to the expanded guidance, subprime loans are loans to borrowers which display one or more characteristics of reduced payment capacity. Five specific criteria, which are not intended to be exhaustive and are not meant to define specific parameters for all subprime borrowers and may not match all markets or institutions’ specific subprime definitions, are set forth, including having a FICO credit score of 660 or below at the time of origination. Within the Bank’s loan portfolio, there are loans to borrowers who had FICO scores of 660 or below at the time of origination. However, as a portfolio lender, the Bank reviews all data contained in borrower credit reports and does not base underwriting decisions solely on FICO scores. The Bank believes the aforementioned loans, when made, were amply collateralized and otherwise conformed to the Bank’s prime lending standards. These loans are not a material component of the one-to-four family mortgage loan portfolio.

Carver Federal has evaluated the Guidance, the CRE Guidance and the Statement to determine compliance and, as necessary, modified risk management practices, underwriting guidelines and consumer protection standards. See “Lending Activities — One-to-Four Family Mortgage Lending and Multi-family and Commercial Real Estate Lending” for a discussion of the Bank’s loan product offerings and related underwriting standards and “Asset Quality” in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for information regarding the Bank’s interest-only and reduced documentation loan portfolio composition.

Loans-to-One Borrower Limitations. The Bank is generally subject to the same limits on loans to one borrower as a national bank. With specified exceptions, the Bank’s total loans or extension of credit to a single borrower or group of related borrowers may not exceed 15% of the Bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus, which does not include accumulated other comprehensive income. The Bank may lend additional amounts up to 10% of its unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus if the loans or extensions of credit are fully secured by readily marketable collateral. The Bank currently complies with applicable loans to one borrower limitations. At March 31, 2009, the Bank’s limit on loans to one borrower based on its unimpaired capital and surplus was $12.6 million.

Qualified Thrift Lender Test. Under HOLA, the Bank must comply with a Qualified Thrift Lender (“QTL”) test. Under this test, the Bank is required to maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in certain “qualified thrift investments” on a monthly basis in at least nine months of the most recent twelve-month period. “Portfolio assets” means, in general, an association’s total assets less the sum of (a) specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, (b) goodwill and other intangible assets and (c) the value of property used to conduct the Bank’s business. “Qualified thrift investments” include various types of loans made for residential and housing purposes, investments related to such purposes, including certain mortgage-backed and related securities and consumer loans. If the Bank fails the QTL test, it must either operate under certain restrictions on its activities or convert from a thrift charter to a bank charter. In addition, if the Bank does not re-qualify under the QTL test within three years after failing the test, the Bank would be prohibited from engaging in any activity not permissible for a national bank and would have to repay any outstanding advances from the FHLB-NY as promptly as possible. At March 31, 2009, the Bank maintained approximately 74.9% of its portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments. The Bank had also met the QTL test in each of the prior 12 months and was, therefore, a qualified thrift lender.

Capital Requirements. The OTS capital regulations require federally chartered savings associations to meet three minimum capital ratios: a 1.5% tangible capital ratio, a 4% leverage (core) capital ratio and an 8% total risk-based capital ratio. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the OTS takes into consideration not only these numeric factors but also qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions where necessary. Carver Federal, as a matter of prudent management, targets as its goal the maintenance of capital ratios which exceed these minimum requirements and that are consistent with Carver Federal’s risk profile. At March 31, 2009, Carver Federal exceeded each of its capital requirements with a tangible capital ratio of 9.51%, leverage capital ratio of 9.52% and total risk-based capital ratio of 12.78%.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act, or FDICIA, requires that the OTS and other federal banking agencies revise their risk-based capital standards, with appropriate transition rules, to ensure that they take into account IRR concentration of risk and the risks of non-traditional activities. The OTS regulations do not include a specific IRR component of the risk-based capital requirement. However, the OTS monitors the IRR of individual institutions through a variety of means, including an analysis of the change in net portfolio value, or NPV. NPV is defined as the net present value of the expected future cash flows of an entity’s assets and liabilities and, therefore, hypothetically represents the value of an institution’s net worth. The OTS has also used this NPV analysis as part of its evaluation of certain applications or notices submitted by thrift institutions. In addition, OTS Thrift Bulletin 13a provides guidance on the management of IRR and the responsibility of boards of directors in that area. The OTS, through its general oversight of the safety and soundness of savings associations, retains the right to impose minimum capital requirements on individual institutions to the extent the institution is not in compliance with certain written guidelines established by the OTS regarding NPV analysis. The OTS has not imposed any such requirements on Carver Federal.

Prompt Corrective Action Regulations. Under the prompt corrective action regulations, the OTS is authorized and, in some cases, required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized savings banks. For this purpose, a savings bank would be placed in one of the following five categories based on the bank’s regulatory capital: well-capitalized; adequately capitalized; undercapitalized; significantly undercapitalized; or critically undercapitalized.

The severity of the action authorized or required to be taken under the prompt corrective action regulations increases as a bank’s capital decreases within the three undercapitalized categories. All banks are prohibited from paying dividends or other capital distributions or paying management fees to any controlling person if, following such distribution, the bank would be undercapitalized. Generally, a capital restoration plan must be filed with the OTS within 45 days of the date a bank receives notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” In addition, various mandatory supervisory actions become immediately applicable to the institution, including restrictions on growth of assets and other forms of expansion. Under the OTS regulations, generally, a federally chartered savings bank is treated as well capitalized if its total risk-based capital ratio is 10% or greater, its Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio is 6% or greater, and its leverage ratio is 5% or greater, and it is not subject to any order or directive by the OTS to meet a specific capital level. When appropriate, the OTS can require corrective action by a savings association holding company under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of federal law. At March 31, 2009, the Bank was considered well-capitalized by the OTS.

Limitation on Capital Distributions. The OTS imposes various restrictions on the Bank’s ability to make capital distributions, including cash dividends, payments to repurchase or otherwise acquire its shares and other distributions charged against capital. A savings institution that is the subsidiary of a savings and loan holding company, such as the Bank, must file a notice with the OTS at least 30 days before making a capital distribution. However, the Bank must file an application for prior approval if the total amount of its capital distributions (including each proposed distribution), for the applicable calendar year would exceed the Bank’s net income for that year plus the Bank’s retained net income for the previous two years.

The Bank may not pay dividends to the Holding Company if, after paying those dividends, the Bank would fail to meet the required minimum levels under risk-based capital guidelines and the minimum leverage and tangible capital ratio requirements or the OTS notified the Bank that it was in need of more than normal supervision.

The Bank is prohibited from making capital distributions if:

	(1)		the Bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution;
	(2)		the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or
	(3)		the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.

Liquidity. The Bank maintains liquidity levels to meet operational needs. In the normal course of business, the levels of liquid assets during any given period are dependent on operating, investing and financing activities. Cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and repurchase agreements with maturities of three months or less are the Bank’s most liquid assets. The Bank maintains a liquidity policy to maintain sufficient liquidity to ensure its safe and sound operations.

Branching. Subject to certain limitations, federal law permits the Bank to establish branches in any state of the United States. The authority for the Bank to establish an interstate branch network would facilitate a geographic diversification of the Bank’s activities. This authority under federal law and OTS regulations preempts any state law purporting to regulate branching by federal savings associations.

Community Reinvestment. Under CRA, as amended, as implemented by OTS regulations, the Bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. CRA does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for the Bank nor does it limit the Bank’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community. CRA does, however, require the OTS, in connection with its examination of the Bank, to assess the Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take such record into account in its evaluation of certain applications by the Bank.

In particular, the system focuses on three tests:

	(1)		a lending test, to evaluate the institution’s record of making loans in its assessment areas;
	(2)		an investment test, to evaluate the institution’s record of investing in community development projects, affordable housing and programs benefiting low or moderate income individuals and businesses; and
	(3)		a service test, to evaluate the institution’s delivery of banking services through its branches, ATM centers and other offices.

CRA also requires all institutions to make public disclosure of their CRA ratings. The Bank received an “Outstanding” CRA rating in its most recent examination conducted in 2009.

Regulations require that Carver Federal publicly disclose certain agreements that are in fulfillment of CRA. The Holding Company has no such agreements in place at this time.

Transactions with Related Parties. The Bank’s authority to engage in transactions with its “affiliates” and insiders is limited by OTS regulations and by Sections 23A, 23B, 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act (“FRA”). In general, these transactions must be on terms which are as favorable to the Bank as comparable transactions with non-affiliates. Additionally, certain types of these transactions are restricted to an aggregate percentage of the Bank’s capital. Collateral in specified amounts must usually be provided by affiliates to receive loans from the Bank. In addition, OTS regulations prohibit a savings bank from lending to any of its affiliates that is engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate other than a subsidiary.

The Bank’s authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers, and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the FRA and Regulation O of the FRB. Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders (a) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features and (b) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of the Bank’s capital. In addition, extensions of credit in excess of certain limits must be approved by the Bank’s Board. At March 31, 2009, there were no loans to officers or directors.

The FRB has confirmed its previous interpretations of Sections 23A and 23B of the FRA with Regulation W. The OTS has also conformed its regulations to agree with Regulation W. Regulation W made various changes to existing law regarding Sections 23A and 23B, including expanding the definition of what constitutes an “affiliate” subject to Sections 23A and 23B and exempting certain subsidiaries of state-chartered banks from the restrictions of Sections 23A and 23B.

The OTS regulations provide for additional restrictions imposed on savings associations under Section 11 of HOLA, including provisions prohibiting a savings association from making a loan to an affiliate that is engaged in non-bank holding company activities and provisions prohibiting a savings association from purchasing or investing in securities issued by an affiliate that is not a subsidiary. The OTS regulations also include certain specific exemptions from these prohibitions. The FRB and the OTS expect each depository institution that is subject to Sections 23A and 23B to implement policies and procedures to ensure compliance with Regulation W and the OTS regulation. These regulations have had no material adverse effect on the Bank’s business.

Section 402 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act prohibits the extension of personal loans to directors and executive officers of issuers (as defined in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act). The prohibition, however, does not apply to mortgages advanced by an insured depository institution, such as the Bank, that is subject to the insider lending restrictions of Section 22(h) of the FRA.

Assessment. The OTS charges assessments to recover the cost of examining savings associations and their affiliates. These assessments are based on three components: the size of the association, on which the basic assessment is based; the association’s supervisory condition, which results in an additional assessment based on a percentage of the basic assessment for any savings institution with a composite rating of 3, 4, or 5 in its most recent safety and soundness examination; and the complexity of the association’s operations, which results in an additional assessment based on a percentage of the basic assessment for any savings association that managed over $1 billion in trust assets, serviced for others loans aggregating more than $1 billion, or had certain off-balance sheet assets aggregating more than $1 billion. Effective July 1, 2004, the OTS adopted a final rule replacing examination fees for savings and loan holding companies with semi-annual assessments. For fiscal 2009, Carver paid $0.2 million in OTS assessments.

Enforcement. The OTS has primary enforcement responsibility over the Bank. This enforcement authority includes, among other things, the ability to assess civil money penalties, to issue cease and desist orders and to remove directors and officers. In general, these enforcement actions may be initiated in response to violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices.

Standards for Safety and Soundness. The OTS has adopted guidelines prescribing safety and soundness standards. The guidelines establish general standards relating to internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings, compensation, fees and benefits. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risks and exposures specified in the guidelines. In addition, OTS regulations authorize, but do not require, the OTS to order an institution that has been given notice that it is not satisfying these safety and soundness standards to submit a compliance plan. If, after being so notified, an institution fails to submit an acceptable compliance plan or fails in any material respect to implement an accepted compliance plan, the OTS must issue an order directing action to correct the deficiency and may issue an order directing other actions of the types to which an undercapitalized association is subject under the “prompt corrective action” provisions of federal law. If an institution fails to comply with such an order, the OTS may seek to enforce such order in judicial proceedings and to impose civil money penalties.

Insurance of Deposit Accounts

The FDIC merged the Savings Association Insurance Fund and the Bank Insurance Fund to create the Depositors Insurance Fund (“DIF”) on March 31, 2006. The Bank is a member of the DIF and pays its deposit insurance assessments to the DIF.

Effective January 1, 2007, the FDIC established a new risk-based assessment system for determining the deposit insurance assessments to be paid by insured depository institutions. Under this new assessment system, the FDIC assigns an institution to one of four risk categories, with the first category having two sub-categories, based on the institution’s most recent supervisory ratings and capital ratios. Base assessment rates range from two to four basis points for Risk Category I institutions and are seven basis points for Risk Category II institutions, twenty-five basis points for Risk Category III institutions and forty basis points for Risk Category IV institutions. For institutions within Risk Category I, assessment rates generally depend upon a combination of CAMELS (capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquidity, sensitivity to market risk) component ratings and financial ratios, or for large institutions with long-term debt issuer ratings, assessment rates depend on a combination of long-term debt issuer ratings and CAMELS component ratings. The FDIC has the flexibility to adjust rates, without further notice-and-comment rulemaking, provided that no such adjustment can be greater than three basis points from one quarter to the next, that adjustments cannot result in rates more than three basis points above or below the base rates and that rates cannot be negative. Effective January 1, 2007, the FDIC set the assessment rates at three basis points above the base rates. Therefore, assessment rates ranged from two to forty-five basis points of deposits. As of March 31, 2009, the Bank had an assessment rate of seven basis points.

The deposit insurance assessment rates are in addition to the assessments for payments on the bonds issued in the late 1980s by the Financing Corporation to recapitalize the now defunct Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. The Financing Corporation payments will continue until the bonds mature in 2017 through 2019. The Bank’s expense for these payments totaled $0.5 million in 2009 and $0.1 million in 2008. The FDIC also established 1.25% of estimated insured deposits as the designated reserve ratio of the DIF. The FDIC is authorized to change the assessment rates as necessary, subject to the previously discussed limitations, to maintain the designated reserve ratio of 1.25%.

The FDIC also provided for a one-time credit for eligible institutions based on their assessment base as of December 31, 1996. Subject to certain limitations with respect to institutions that are exhibiting weaknesses, credits can be used to offset assessments until exhausted.

The FDIC has authority to adjust the DIF ratio to insured deposits within a range of 1.15% to 1.50%, in contrast to the prior statutorily fixed ratio of 1.25%. The ratio, which is viewed by the FDIC as the level that the fund should achieve, was established by the agency at 1.25% for 2008. As a result of the recent failures of a number of banks and thrifts, there has been a significant increase in the loss provisions of the DIF of the FDIC. This has resulted in a decline in the DIF reserve ratio. Because the DIF reserve ratio declined below 1.15% and is expected to remain below 1.15%, the FDIC was required to establish a restoration plan to restore the reserve ratio to 1.15% within five years. To restore the reserve ratio to 1.15%, the FDIC has adopted a final rule increasing assessment rates uniformly by 7 basis points (annualized) for the first quarter of 2009 and proposed other changes effective for the second quarter of 2009. Under the proposed plan, beginning with the second quarter of 2009, the initial base assessment rates will range from 10 to 45 basis points depending on an institution’s risk category, with adjustments resulting in increased assessment rates for institutions with a significant reliance on secured liabilities and brokered deposits. As currently written, the proposal will result in a significant increase in the Bank’s federal deposit insurance premiums which will have a material impact on the Bank’s results of operations beginning in 2009. For further discussion of the FDIC restoration plan and proposal, see Item 1A, “Risk Factors.”

On October 3, 2008, in response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets, the FDIC announced a temporary increase in deposit insurance from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor through December 31, 2009, On November 21, 2008, the FDIC adopted the Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, or TLGP, pursuant to its authority to prevent “systemic risk” in the U.S banking system. The TLGP was announced by the FDIC on October 14, 2008 as an initiative to counter the system-wide crisis in the nation’s financial sector. Under the TLGP the FDIC will (1) guarantee, through the earlier of maturity or June 30, 2012, certain newly issued senior unsecured debt issued by participating institutions on or after October 14, 2008, and before June 30, 2009 under the Debt Guarantee Program and (2) fully insure non-interest bearing transaction deposit accounts held at participating FDIC-insured institutions, through December 31, 2009 under the Transaction Account Guarantee Program.

Eligible institutions were covered under the TLGP at no cost for the first 30 days. Institutions that did not want to continue to participate in one or both parts of the TLGP were required to notify the FDIC of their election to opt out on or before December 5, 2008. Institutions that did not opt out are subject to a fee of up to 100 basis points per annum based on the amount of senior unsecured debt issued under the Debt Guarantee Program. Under the Transaction Account Guarantee Program, a 10 basis point surcharge will be added to the institution’s current insurance assessment, quarterly, for balances in non-interest bearing transaction accounts that exceed the existing deposit insurance limit of $250,000. The TLGP was due to expire in June of 2009, however, on February 10, 2009 the FDIC announced its intention to extend the TLGP through October 2009 for an additional premium. Carver Federal has elected to participate in both components of the TLGP.

On January 16, 2009, in an effort to further strengthen the financial system and U.S economy, the FDIC announced that it will soon propose rule changes to the TLGP to extend the maturity of the guarantee from three to up to 10 years where the debt is supported by collateral and the issuance supports new consumer lending. Until the details of this extended program are finalized and published, the Bank cannot determine to what extent, if any, it would participate in this program.

The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments. A significant increase in insurance premiums would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of the Bank. Management cannot predict what insurance assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that the institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. The management of the Bank does not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of deposit insurance.

Anti-Money Laundering and Customer Identification

The Bank is subject to OTS regulations implementing the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (“USA PATRIOT Act”). The USA PATRIOT Act gives the federal government new powers to address terrorist threats through enhanced domestic security measures, expanded surveillance powers, increased information sharing, and broadened anti-money laundering requirements. By way of amendments to the Bank Secrecy Act, Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act takes measures intended to encourage information sharing among bank regulatory agencies and law enforcement bodies. Further, certain provisions of Title III impose affirmative obligations on a broad range of financial institutions, including banks, thrifts, brokers, dealers, credit unions, money transfer agents and parties registered under the United States Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended.

Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act and the related OTS regulations impose the following requirements with respect to financial institutions:

•

Performance of a risk assessment and establishment of a Board approved policy.

•

Designation of a qualified BSA officer.

•

Establishment of an effective training program.

•

Establishment of anti-money laundering programs.

•

Establishment of a program specifying procedures for obtaining identifying information from customers seeking to open new accounts, including verifying the identity of customers within a reasonable period of time.

•

Establishment of enhanced due diligence policies, procedures and controls designed to detect and report money laundering.

•

Prohibition on correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks and compliance with record keeping obligations with respect to correspondent accounts of foreign banks.

In addition, bank regulators are directed to consider a holding company’s effectiveness in combating money laundering when ruling on FRA and Bank Merger Act applications.

Federal Home Loan Bank System

The Bank is a member of the FHLB-NY, which is one of the twelve regional banks composing the FHLB System. Each regional bank provides a central credit facility primarily for its member institutions. The Bank, as a FHLB-NY member, is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the FHLB-NY in an amount equal to the greater of (i) 1% of the aggregate principal amount of its unpaid residential mortgage loans, home purchase contracts and similar obligations at the beginning of each year, and (ii) 5% (or such greater fraction as established by the FHLB-NY) of its outstanding advances from the FHLB-NY. The Bank was in compliance with this requirement with an investment in the capital stock of the FHLB-NY at March 31, 2009 of $4.2 million. Any advances from the FHLB-NY must be secured by specified types of collateral, and all long term advances may be obtained only for the purpose of providing funds for residential housing finance.

FHLB-NY is required to provide funds for the resolution of insolvent thrifts and to contribute funds for affordable housing programs. These requirements could reduce the amount of earnings that the FHLB-NY can pay as dividends to its members and could also result in the FHLB-NY imposing a higher rate of interest on advances to its members. If dividends were reduced, or interest on future FHLB-NY advances increased, the Bank’s net interest income would be adversely affected. Dividends from FHLB-NY to the Bank amounted to $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million for fiscal years 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively. The dividend rate paid on FHLB-NY stock at March 31, 2009 was 5.60%.

Under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, as amended (“GLB”), which, among other things, repeals historical restrictions and eliminates many federal and state law barriers to affiliations among banks and securities firms, insurance companies and other financial service providers, membership in the FHLB system is now voluntary for all federally-chartered savings banks such as the Bank. GLB also replaces the existing redeemable stock structure of the FHLB system with a capital structure that requires each FHLB to meet a leverage limit and a risk-based permanent capital requirement. Two classes of stock are authorized: Class A (redeemable on six months notice) and Class B (redeemable on five years notice). Pursuant to regulations promulgated by the Federal Housing Finance Board, as required by GLB, the FHLB has adopted a capital plan that will change the foregoing minimum stock ownership requirements for FHLB stock. Under the new capital plan, each member of the FHLB will have to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB capital stock in an amount equal to the sum of (1) the greater of $1,000 or 0.20% of the member’s mortgage-related assets and (2) 4.50% of the dollar amount of any outstanding advances under such member’s Advances, Collateral Pledge and Security Agreement with the FHLB-NY.

Federal Reserve System

FRB regulations require federally chartered savings associations to maintain non-interest-earning cash reserves against their transaction accounts (primarily NOW and demand deposit accounts). A reserve of 3% is to be maintained against aggregate transaction accounts between $10.3 million and $44.4 million (subject to adjustment by the FRB) plus a reserve of 10% (subject to adjustment by the FRB between 8% and 14%) against that portion of total transaction accounts in excess of $44.4 million. The first $10.3 million of otherwise reservable balances (subject to adjustment by the FRB) is exempt from the reserve requirements. The Bank is in compliance with the foregoing requirements. Since required reserves must be maintained in the form of either vault cash, a non-interest-bearing account at a Federal Reserve Bank or a pass-through account as defined by the FRB, the effect of this reserve requirement is to reduce Carver Federal’s interest-earning assets. FHLB System members are also authorized to borrow from the Federal Reserve “discount window,” but FRB regulations require institutions to exhaust all FHLB sources before borrowing from a Federal Reserve Bank.

Pursuant to the EESA, the FRB announced on October 6, 2008, that the Federal Reserve Banks will begin to pay interest on depository institutions’ required and excess reserve balances. Paying interest on required reserve balances should essentially eliminate the opportunity cost of holding required reserves, promoting efficiency in the banking sector. The interest rate paid on required reserve balances is currently the average target federal funds rate over the reserve maintenance period. The rate on excess balances will be set equal to the lowest target federal funds rate in effect during the reserve maintenance period. The payment of interest on excess reserves will permit the Federal Reserve to expand its balance sheet as necessary to provide the liquidity necessary to support financial stability.

Privacy Protection

Carver Federal is subject to OTS regulations implementing the privacy protection provisions of GLB. These regulations require the Bank to disclose its privacy policy, including identifying with whom it shares “nonpublic personal information,” to customers at the time of establishing the customer relationship and annually thereafter. The regulations also require the Bank to provide its customers with initial and annual notices that accurately reflect its privacy policies and practices. In addition, to the extent its sharing of such information is not exempted, the Bank is required to provide its customers with the ability to “opt-out” of having the Bank share their nonpublic personal information with unaffiliated third parties before they can disclose such information, subject to certain exceptions.

The Bank is subject to regulatory guidelines establishing standards for safeguarding customer information. These regulations implement certain provisions of GLB. The guidelines describe the agencies’ expectations for the creation, implementation and maintenance of an information security program, which would include administrative, technical and physical safeguards appropriate to the size and complexity of the institution and the nature and scope of its activities. The standards set forth in the guidelines are intended to insure the security and confidentiality of customer records and information, protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such records and protect against unauthorized access to or use of such records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer. The Bank has a policy to comply with the foregoing guidelines.

Holding Company Regulation.

The Holding Company is a savings and loan holding company regulated by the OTS. As such, the Holding Company is registered with and is subject to OTS examination and supervision, as well as certain reporting requirements. In addition, the OTS has enforcement authority over the Holding Company and its subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the OTS to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the financial safety, soundness or stability of a subsidiary savings institution. Unlike bank holding companies, federal savings and loan holding companies are not subject to any regulatory capital requirements or to supervision by the FRB.

GLB restricts the powers of new unitary savings and loan holding companies. Unitary savings and loan holding companies that are “grandfathered,” i.e., unitary savings and loan holding companies in existence or with applications filed with the OTS on or before May 4, 1999, such as the Holding Company, retain their authority under the prior law. All other unitary savings and loan holding companies are limited to financially related activities permissible for bank holding companies, as defined under GLB. GLB also prohibits non-financial companies from acquiring grandfathered unitary savings and loan holding companies.

Restrictions Applicable to All Savings and Loan Holding Companies. Federal law prohibits a savings and loan holding company, including the Holding Company, directly or indirectly, from acquiring:

	(1)		control (as defined under HOLA) of another savings institution (or a holding company parent) without prior OTS approval;
	(2)		through merger, consolidation, or purchase of assets, another savings institution or a holding company thereof, or acquiring all or substantially all of the assets of such institution (or a holding company), without prior OTS approval; or
	(3)		control of any depository institution not insured by the FDIC (except through a merger with and into the holding company’s savings institution subsidiary that is approved by the OTS).

A savings and loan holding company may not acquire as a separate subsidiary an insured institution that has a principal office outside of the state where the principal office of its subsidiary institution is located, except:

	(1)		in the case of certain emergency acquisitions approved by the FDIC;
	(2)		if such holding company controls a savings institution subsidiary that operated a home or branch office in such additional state as of March 5, 1987; or
	(3)		if the laws of the state in which the savings institution to be acquired is located specifically authorize a savings institution chartered by that state to be acquired by a savings institution chartered by the state where the acquiring savings institution or savings and loan holding company is located or by a holding company that controls such a state chartered association.

The HOLA prohibits a savings and loan holding company (directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries) from acquiring another savings association or holding company thereof without prior written approval of the OTS; acquiring or retaining, with certain exceptions, more than 5% of a non-subsidiary savings association, a non-subsidiary holding company, or a non-subsidiary company engaged in activities other than those permitted by the HOLA; or acquiring or retaining control of a depository institution that is not federally insured. In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings associations, the OTS must consider the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the insurance funds, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors.

Federal Securities Laws

The Holding Company is subject to the periodic reporting, proxy solicitation, tender offer, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”).

Delaware Corporation Law

The Holding Company is incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware. Thus, it is subject to regulation by the State of Delaware and the rights of its shareholders are governed by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

FEDERAL AND STATE TAXATION

Federal Taxation

General. The Holding Company and the Bank currently file consolidated federal income tax returns, report their income for tax return purposes on the basis of a taxable-year ending March 31st, using the accrual method of accounting and are subject to federal income taxation in the same manner as other corporations with some exceptions, including in particular the Bank’s tax reserve for bad debts discussed below. The following discussion of tax matters is intended only as a summary and does not purport to be a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to the Bank or the Holding Company.

Bad Debt Reserves. Prior to fiscal 2004, the Bank met the requirement as a “small bank” (one with assets having an adjusted tax basis of $500 million or less) and was permitted to maintain a reserve for bad debts, and to make, within specified formula limits, annual additions to the reserve which are deductible for purposes of computing the Bank’s taxable income. Since fiscal year 2004, the Bank has not been considered to be a small bank because its total assets have exceeded $500 million. (See Income Taxes Note 10 of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.)

Distributions. To the extent that the Bank makes “non-dividend distributions” to shareholders, such distributions will be considered to result in distributions from the Bank’s “base year reserve,” i.e., its reserve as of March 31, 1988, to the extent thereof and then from its supplemental reserve for losses on loans, and an amount based on the amount distributed will be included in the Bank’s taxable income. Non-dividend distributions include distributions in excess of the Bank’s current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions in redemption of stock and distributions in partial or complete liquidation. However, dividends paid out of the Bank’s current or accumulated earnings and profits, as calculated for federal income tax purposes, will not constitute non-dividend distributions and, therefore, will not be included in the Bank’s taxable income.

The amount of additional taxable income created from a non-dividend distribution is an amount that, when reduced by the tax attributable to the income, is equal to the amount of the distribution. Thus, approximately one and one-half times the non-dividend distribution would be includable in gross income for federal income tax purposes, assuming a 34% federal corporate income tax rate.

Dividends Received Deduction and Other Matters. The Holding Company may exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from the Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations. The corporate dividends received deduction is generally 70% in the case of dividends received from unaffiliated corporations with which the Holding Company and the Bank will not file a consolidated tax return, except that if the Holding Company or the Bank owns more than 20% of the stock of a corporation distributing a dividend, then 80% of any dividends received may be deducted.

State and Local Taxation

State of New York. The Bank and the Holding Company are subject to New York State franchise tax on their entire net income or one of several alternative bases, whichever results in the highest tax. “Entire net income” means federal taxable income with adjustments. If, however, the application of an alternative minimum tax (based on taxable assets allocated to New York, “alternative” net income, or a flat minimum fee) results in a greater tax, an alternative minimum tax will be imposed. The Company was subject to the alternative minimum tax based upon assets for New York State for fiscal 2009. In addition, New York State imposes a tax surcharge of 17.0% of the New York State Franchise Tax, calculated using an annual franchise tax rate of 9.0% (which represents the 2000 annual franchise tax rate), allocable to business activities carried on in the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District. These taxes apply to the Holding Company, Carver Federal and certain of Carver’s subsidiaries. The Bank and the Holding Company file combined returns and are subject to taxation in the same manner as other corporations with some exceptions, including the Bank’s deductions for additions to its reserve for bad debts.

For fiscal 2008, the New York State franchise tax rate based upon entire net income was 8.63% (including the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Surcharge) of net income. In general, the Holding Company is not required to pay New York State tax on dividends and interest received from the Bank or on gains realized on the sale of Bank stock. Sixty percent of dividend income, and gains and losses from subsidiary capital are excluded from New York State entire net income. Distributions to Carver Federal received from CAC are eligible for the New York State dividends received deduction. However, the Holding Company was subject to a franchise tax rate of 3.51% (including the Metropolitan Commuter Transportation District Surcharge) for fiscal 2009 based upon alternative entire net income. For this purpose, alternative entire net income is determined by adding back 60% of dividend income, and gains and losses from subsidiary capital to New York State entire net income.

New York State has enacted legislation that enabled the Bank to avoid the recapture of the New York State tax bad debt reserves that otherwise would have occurred as a result of the changes in federal law and to continue to utilize either the federal method or a method based on a percentage of its taxable income for computing additions to its bad debt reserve.

New York City. The Bank and the Holding Company are also subject to a similarly calculated New York City banking corporation tax of 9% on income allocated to New York City. In this connection, legislation was enacted regarding the use and treatment of tax bad debt reserves that is substantially similar to the New York State legislation described above. The Bank and the Holding Company also are subject to New York City banking corporation tax of 3% on alternative entire net income allocated to New York City. In addition, the Bank and the Holding Company were subject to the alternative minimum tax for New York City (which is similar to the New York State alternative minimum tax) for fiscal 2009.

Delaware Taxation. As a Delaware holding company not earning income in Delaware, the Holding Company is exempted from Delaware corporate income tax but is required to file an annual report with and pay an annual franchise tax to the State of Delaware.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE HOLDING COMPANY

The name, position, term of office as officer and period during which he or she has served as an officer is provided below for each executive officer of the Holding Company as of June 15, 2009. Each of the persons listed below is an executive officer of the Holding Company and the Bank, holding the same office in each.

Deborah C. Wright, age 51, is Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Carver and Carver Federal. The Board of Directors elected her to the post of Chairman in February 2005. Ms. Wright has held the titles President & CEO since June 1, 1999. Prior to joining Carver in June 1999, Ms. Wright was President and Chief Executive Officer of the Upper Manhattan Empowerment Zone Development Corporation, a position she had held from May 1996 through May 1999. She previously served as Commissioner of the Department of Housing Preservation and Development under Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani from January 1994 through March 1996. Prior to that appointment, Mayor David N. Dinkins appointed Ms. Wright to the New York City Housing Authority Board, which manages New York City’s 189,000 public housing units. Ms. Wright serves on the boards of Kraft Foods Inc., Time Warner Inc., The Partnership for New York City, the Children’s Defense Fund and Sesame Workshop. She is a member of the Board of Managers of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Ms. Wright earned A.B., J.D. and M.B.A. degrees from Harvard University.

Mark A. Ricca, age 52, is Executive Vice President, Chief Risk Officer and General Counsel. Mr. Ricca joined Carver in November 2008. Prior to joining Carver, Mr. Ricca held several positions at New York Community Bancorp, Inc. and its principle subsidiary, New York Community Bank, beginning in 2000 and finishing in 2007 as its Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Assistant to the Chief Operating Officer, after which Mr. Ricca served as a legal consultant and lectured for Learning Dynamics, Inc. Prior to New York Community Bank, Mr. Ricca held various positions at Haven Bancorp, Inc., and its principal subsidiary, CFS Bank, as Senior Vice President, Residential and Consumer Lending, Corporate Secretary, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer and was a partner in the law firm of Ricca & Donnelly. Mr. Ricca holds a B.A. degree in economics from the University of Notre Dame, a J.D. cum laude, Law Review and Jurisprudence Award from St. Johns University, School of law, and an LL.M. from New York University, School of Law.

James H. Bason, age 54, is Senior Vice President and Chief Lending Officer. He joined Carver in March 2003. Previously Mr. Bason was Vice President and Real Estate Loan Officer at The Bank of New York where he had been employed since 1991 when The Bank of New York acquired Barclays Bank (where he had been employed since 1986). At The Bank of New York, Mr. Bason was responsible for developing and maintaining relationships with developers, builders, real estate investors and brokers to provide construction and permanent real estate financing. At Barclays, Mr. Bason began his career in residential lending and eventually became the bank’s CRA officer. Mr. Bason earned a B.S. in Business Administration from the State University of New York at Oswego.

James Carter, age 58, is Senior Vice President of Operations. Mr. Carter joined Carver in August 2008 from TD Bank in New York where he served as Senior Vice President of Banking Services for nine years. Prior to that, Mr. Carter served four years as Vice President of Retail Operations for Home Federal Savings Bank in New York and 20 years as Vice President and Senior Savings Officer at Columbia Federal Savings Bank in New York. Mr. Carter earned a B.S. in Business Administration and an MBA in Financial Management from Iona College in New Rochelle, NY.

Blondel A. Pinnock, age 41, is Senior Vice President, Carver Federal and President of CCDC. Ms. Pinnock joined Carver in April 2008. Prior to joining Carver, Ms. Pinnock was Senior Vice President at Bank of America where she was a community development lender and business development officer. Ms. Pinnock has over a ten years of experience in financing the development of residential and commercial real estate projects located within low and moderate income neighborhoods throughout New York City and outlying areas. Prior to Bank of America, Ms. Pinnock worked as counsel and deputy director for the New York City’s Housing, Preservation and Development Department’s Tax Incentives Unit, where she assisted in the implementation of the city’s real estate tax programs for low, moderate and market rate projects. She earned a B. A. from Columbia College and a J. D. from Hofstra University School of Law.

Margaret D. Roberts, age 58, is Senior Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. Ms. Roberts joined Carver in November 1999 as Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer from Deutsche Bank where she had served as a Compensation Planning Consultant in Corporate Human Resources. Prior to that, Ms. Roberts was a Vice President and Senior Human Resources Generalist for Citibank Global Asset Management. Ms. Roberts also has 10 years of systems and technology experience in various positions held at JP Morgan and Chase Manhattan Bank. Ms. Roberts earned a B.P.S. degree from Pace University, an M.B.A. from Columbia University as a Citicorp Fellow, and has been designated a Certified Compensation Professional (CCP) by the WorldatWork Society of Certified Professionals and a Senior Professional in Human Resources (SPHR) by the Human Resources Certification Institute.

John Spencer, age 43, is Senior Vice President and Chief Retail Officer. Mr. Spencer joined the Carver in February 2009 after 22 years at JPMorgan Chase where he held management positions in Retail Sales/Customer Service, Audit, and Operations Management. Additionally, he served as a Branch Administration Executive for the bank’s Retail Division, supporting a network with 700 branches, and over $50 billion in deposits. Mr. Spencer is a graduate of the JPMorgan Chase management-training program and earned a B.A. in Banking and Finance from Pace University.

Thomas Sperzel, CPA, age 37, is Senior Vice President and Controller. Mr. Sperzel joined Carver in February 2009 from Robert Martin Company, LLC in New York. Prior to that, Mr. Sperzel was the Controller of City and Suburban Federal Savings Bank where he was responsible for overseeing all aspects of financial and regulatory reporting, FDICIA implementation, evaluation of acquisition targets, and management of external auditors. Mr. Sperzel earned a B.S. in Accounting from Penn State University, an M.B.A. from University of Maryland, and has also been designated the Company’s acting Principal Accounting Officer. Mr. Sperzel has resigned his position with the Holding Company and the Bank.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Risk is an inherent part of Carver’s business and activities. The following is a summary of risk factors relevant to the Company’s operations which should be carefully reviewed. These risk factors do not necessarily appear in the order of importance.

Changes in interest rate environment may negatively affect Carver’s net income, mortgage loan originations and valuation of available-for-sale securities.

The Company’s earnings depend largely on the relationship between the yield on interest-earning assets, primarily mortgage, construction and business loans and mortgage-backed securities, and the cost of deposits and borrowings. This relationship, known as the interest rate spread, is subject to fluctuation and is affected by economic and competitive factors which influence market interest rates, the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the level of non-performing assets. Fluctuations in market interest rates affect customer demand for products and services. Carver is subject to interest rate risk to the degree that its interest-bearing liabilities reprice or mature more slowly or more rapidly or on a different basis than its interest-earning assets.

In addition, the actual amount of time before mortgage, construction and business loans and mortgage-backed securities are repaid can be significantly impacted by changes in mortgage prepayment rates and prevailing market interest rates. Mortgage prepayment rates will vary due to a number of factors, including the regional economy in the area where the underlying mortgages were originated, seasonal factors, demographic variables and the ability to assume the underlying mortgages. However, the major factors affecting prepayment rates are prevailing interest rates, related loan refinancing opportunities and competition.

The Company’s objective is to fund its liquidity needs primarily through lower costing deposit growth. However, from time to time Carver Federal borrows from the FHLB-NY. More recently, the cost of deposits and borrowings have become significantly higher with the rising interest rate environment, which has negatively impacted net interest income.

Interest rates do and will continue to fluctuate. The Federal Open Market Committee, or FOMC, reduced the federal funds rate by 100 basis points during the second half of 2007 and then an additional 400+ basis points during 2008 bringing the target rate to 0.00% to 0.25%. The Bank cannot predict future FOMC or FRB actions or other factors that will cause rates to change. No assurance can be given that further changes in interest rates or further increases in mortgage loan prepayments will not have a negative impact on net interest income, net interest rate spread or net interest margin.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale securities portfolio may increase or decrease depending on changes in interest rates. Carver Federal’s securities portfolio is comprised primarily of adjustable rate securities. There has been an improvement in valuation of the Bank’s available for sale securities because interest rates have declined in fiscal 2009.

Carver’s results of operations are affected by economic conditions in the New York metropolitan area.

At March 31, 2009, a majority of the Bank’s lending portfolio was concentrated in the New York metropolitan area. As a result of this geographic concentration, Carver’s results of operations are largely dependent on economic conditions in this area. Decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral for loans to its borrowers. Adverse changes in the economy caused by inflation, recession, unemployment or other factors beyond the Bank’s control may also have a negative effect on the ability of borrowers to make timely mortgage or business loan payments, which would have an adverse impact on earnings. Consequently, deterioration in economic conditions in the New York metropolitan area could have a material adverse impact on the quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, which could result in increased delinquencies, decreased interest income results as well as an adverse impact on loan loss experience with probable increased allowance for loan losses. Such deterioration also could adversely impact the demand for products and services, and, accordingly, further negatively affect results of operations.

The Bank is operating in a challenging and uncertain economic environment, both nationally and locally. Financial institutions continue to be affected by sharp declines in the real estate market and constrained financial markets. Continued declines in real estate values, home sales volumes and financial stress on borrowers as a result of the ongoing economic recession, including job losses, could have an adverse effect on the Bank’s borrowers or their customers, which could adversely affect the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations. In addition, decreases in real estate values could adversely affect the value of property used as collateral for loans. At March 31, 2009, the average loan-to-value ratio of the Bank’s mortgage loan portfolio was less than 53% based on current principal balances and original appraised values. However, no assurance can be given that the original appraised values are reflective of current market conditions as the Bank has experienced declines in real estate values in all markets in which it lends.

The Bank has experienced increases in loan delinquencies and charge-offs in fiscal 2009. The Bank’s non-performing loans, which are comprised primarily of mortgage loans, increased $23.1 million to $26.6 million, or 4.15% of total loans, at March 31, 2009, from $2.9 million, or 0.43% of total loans, at March 31, 2008. The Bank’s net loan charge-offs totaled $0.5 million for fiscal 2009 compared to $0.8 million for fiscal 2008. The Bank’s provision for loan losses totaled $2.7 million for fiscal 2009 compared to $0.2 million for fiscal 2008. As a residential lender, Carver Federal is particularly vulnerable to the impact of a severe job loss recession. Significant increases in job losses and unemployment will have a negative impact on the financial condition of residential borrowers and their ability to remain current on their mortgage loans. A continuation or further deterioration in national and local economic conditions, including an accelerating pace of job losses, particularly in the New York metropolitan area, could have a material adverse impact on the quality of The Bank’s loan portfolio, which could result in further increases in loan delinquencies, causing a decrease in The Bank’s interest income as well as an adverse impact on The Bank’s loan loss experience, causing an increase in The Bank’s allowance for loan losses and related provision and a decrease in net income. Such deterioration could also adversely impact the demand for The Bank’s products and services, and, accordingly, The Bank’s results of operations.

No assurance can be given that these conditions will improve or will not worsen or that such conditions will not result in a decrease in the Bank’s interest income or an adverse impact on loan losses.

Strong competition within the Bank’s market areas could hurt expected profits and slow growth.

The New York metropolitan area has a high density of financial institutions, of which many are significantly larger than Carver Federal and with greater financial resources. Additionally, various large out-of-state financial institutions may continue to enter the New York metropolitan area market. All are considered competitors to varying degrees.

Carver Federal faces intense competition both in making loans and attracting deposits. Competition for loans, both locally and in the aggregate, comes principally from mortgage banking companies, commercial banks, savings banks and savings and loan associations. Most direct competition for deposits comes from commercial banks, savings banks, savings and loan associations and credit unions. The Bank also faces competition for deposits from money market mutual funds and other corporate and government securities funds as well as from other financial intermediaries such as brokerage firms and insurance companies. Market area competition is a factor in pricing the Bank’s loans and deposits, which could reduce net interest income. Competition also makes it more challenging to effectively grow loan and deposit balances. The Company’s profitability depends upon its continued ability to successfully compete in its market areas.

The Bank’s increased emphasis on non-residential, construction real estate lending and small business lending may increase exposure to lending risks.

At March 31, 2009, $417.9 million, or 65.1%, of the Bank’s total loans receivable portfolio consisted of non-residential and construction real estate loans compared to $397.4 million, or 62.7%, at March 31, 2008. Non-residential and construction real estate loans generally involve a greater degree of credit risk than one-to-four family loans because they typically have larger balances and are more sensitive to changes in the economy. Payments on these loans often depend upon the successful operation and management of the underlying properties and the businesses which operate from within them; repayment of such loans may be affected by factors outside the borrower’s control, such as adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy or changes in government regulation (see Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

While the Bank continues to originate multi-family and commercial real estate loans, under current economic conditions, the Bank has strengthened its underwriting guidelines. As of March 31, 2009, Carver Federal is primarily offering to originate multi-family and commercial real estate loans to select customers in New York and New Jersey. The market for multi-family and commercial real estate loans does and will continue to change based upon market conditions and other factors, thereby, affecting the Bank’s election to pursue the originations of such loans in the future.

At March 31, 2009, $57.5 million, or 9.0%, of the Bank’s total loans receivable consisted of business loans compared to $51.4 million, or 8.1%, at March 31, 2008. Business loans generally involve a greater degree of credit risk than one- to four- family loans because they typically have larger balances and are more sensitive to changes in the economy. Payments on these loans often depend upon the successful operation and management of the underlying business; repayment of such loans may be affected by factors outside the borrower’s control, such as adverse economic conditions, increased competition or changes in government regulation (see Note 5 of Notes Consolidated Financial Statements).

The Bank operates in a highly regulated industry, which limits the manner and scope of business activities.

Carver Federal is subject to extensive supervision, regulation and examination by the OTS, the FDIC, and, to a lesser extent, by the New York State Banking Department. As a result, the Bank is limited in the manner in which the Bank conducts its business, undertakes new investments and activities and obtains financing. This regulatory structure is designed primarily for the protection of the deposit insurance funds and depositors, and not to benefit the Holding Company’s stockholders. This regulatory structure also gives the regulatory authorities extensive discretion in connection with their supervisory and enforcement activities and examination policies, including policies with respect to capital levels, the timing and amount of dividend payments, the classification of assets and the establishment of adequate loan loss reserves for regulatory purposes. In addition, the Bank must comply with significant anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism laws. Government agencies have substantial discretion to impose significant monetary penalties on institutions which fail to comply with these laws.

On October 4, 2006, the OTS and other federal bank regulatory authorities published the Interagency Guidance on Nontraditional Mortgage Product Risk, or the Guidance. In general, the Guidance applies to all residential mortgage loan products that allow borrowers to defer repayment of principal or interest. The Guidance describes sound practices for managing risk, as well as marketing, originating and servicing nontraditional mortgage products, which include, among other things, interest-only loans. The Guidance sets forth supervisory expectations with respect to loan terms and underwriting standards, portfolio and risk management practices and consumer protection. For example, the Guidance indicates that originating interest-only loans with reduced documentation is considered a layering of risk and that institutions are expected to demonstrate mitigating factors to support their underwriting decision and the borrower’s repayment capacity. Specifically, the Guidance indicates that a lender may accept a borrower’s statement as to the borrower’s income without obtaining verification only if there are mitigating factors that clearly minimize the need for direct verification of repayment capacity and that, for many borrowers, institutions should be able to readily document income.

The Bank has evaluated the Guidance for compliance, risk management practices and underwriting guidelines as they relate to originations and purchases of the subject loans, or practices relating to communications with consumers. The Guidance has no impact on the Company’s loan origination and purchase volumes or the Company’s underwriting procedures currently or in future periods.

Efforts to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act may adversely affect the Bank.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC increase the scope, complexity and cost of corporate governance, reporting, and disclosure practice. The Company has experienced, and expects to continue to experience, greater compliance costs, including design, testing and audit costs related to internal controls, as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. For example, under Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, the Company’s management is required to issue a report on the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. Beginning with Carver’s fiscal 2010, Carver’s management will also be required to file an auditor’s attestation report on the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting. The Company expects the implementation of these new rules and regulations to continue to increase its accounting, legal, and other costs, and to make some activities more difficult, time consuming, and costly. In the event that the Company is unable to maintain or achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, Carver’s profitability and the market price of Carver’s stock may be adversely affected.

In addition, the rules adopted as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act could make it more difficult or more costly for the Company to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, which could make it more difficult for the Company to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on the Company’s boards of directors or as executive officers.

Changes in laws, government regulation and monetary policy may have a material effect on results of operations.

Financial institution regulation has been the subject of significant legislation and may be the subject of further significant legislation in the future, none of which is in the Company’s control. Significant new laws or changes in, or repeals of, existing laws, including with respect to federal and state taxation, may cause results of operations to differ materially. In addition, cost of compliance could adversely affect Carver’s ability to operate profitably. Further, federal monetary policy significantly affects credit conditions for Carver Federal, particularly as implemented through the Federal Reserve System. A material change in any of these conditions could have a material impact on Carver Federal, and therefore on the Company’s results of operations.

On October 3, 2008, President Bush signed the EESA into law in response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets. Pursuant to the EESA, the Treasury has the authority to, among other things, purchase up to $700 billion of troubled assets (including mortgages, mortgage-backed securities and certain other financial instruments) from financial institutions for the purpose of stabilizing and providing liquidity to the U.S. financial markets. On October 14, 2008, the Treasury, the FRB and the FDIC issued a joint statement announcing additional steps aimed at stabilizing the financial markets. First, the Treasury announced the TARP CPP, a $250 billion voluntary capital purchase program available to qualifying financial institutions that sell preferred shares to the Treasury (to be funded from the $700 billion authorized for troubled asset purchases.) Second, the FDIC announced that its Board of Directors, under the authority to prevent “systemic risk” in the U.S. banking system, approved the TLGP, which is intended to strengthen confidence and encourage liquidity in the banking system by permitting the FDIC to (1) guarantee certain newly issued senior unsecured debt issued by participating institutions under the Debt Guarantee Program and (2) fully insure non-interest bearing transaction deposit accounts held at participating FDIC-insured institutions, regardless of dollar amount, under the Transaction Account Guarantee Program. Third, to further increase access to funding for businesses in all sectors of the economy, the FRB announced further details of its Commercial Paper Funding Facility, or CPFF, which provides a broad backstop for the commercial paper market.

There can be no assurance, however, as to the actual impact that the foregoing or any other governmental program will have on the financial markets. The failure of any such program or the U.S. government to stabilize the financial markets and a continuation or worsening of current financial market conditions and the national and regional economy is expected to materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, access to credit and the trading price of the Holding Company’s common stock.

Pursuant to Carver’s participation in the TARP CPP, the Company entered into certain agreements with the Treasury that limit the Company’s activities in a number of ways and gives the Treasury the ability to impose additional restrictions as it determines. For example, the Company’s ability to declare or pay dividends on any of Carver’s shares is restricted. Specifically, the Company is not able to declare dividends payments on common, junior preferred or pari passu preferred shares if it is in arrears on the dividends on the senior preferred shares issued to the Treasury. Further, the Company is not permitted to increase dividends on common stock without the Treasury’s approval until the third anniversary of the investment unless the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury has been redeemed or transferred. In addition, the Company’s ability to repurchase shares of common stock is prohibited without the Treasury’s prior consent until the third anniversary of the investment or until the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury has been redeemed or transferred. Further, common, junior preferred or pari passu preferred shares may not be repurchased if the Company is in arrears on the dividends on the senior preferred shares issued to the Treasury.

In addition, the Company must also adopt the Treasury’s standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the Treasury holds equity issued under this program. These standards would generally apply to the Company’s CEO, CFO and the three next most highly compensated officers (“Senior Executives”). The standards include (1) ensuring that incentive compensation for Senior Executives does not encourage unnecessary and excessive risks that threaten the value of the financial institution; (2) required claw back of any bonus or incentive compensation paid to a Senior Executive based on statements of earnings, gains or other criteria that are later proven to be materially inaccurate; (3) prohibition on making golden parachute payments to Senior Executives; and (4) agreement not to deduct for tax purposes executive compensation in excess of $500,000 for each Senior Executive. In particular, the change to the deductibility limit on executive compensation would likely increase slightly the overall cost of the Company’s compensation programs.

The FDIC recently adopted a restoration plan and issued a notice of proposed rulemaking and request for comment that would initially raise the assessment rate schedule, uniformly across all four risk categories into which the FDIC assigns insured institutions, by seven basis points (annualized) of insured deposits beginning on January 1, 2009. Under the proposed plan, beginning with the second quarter of 2009, the initial base assessment rates will range from 10 to 45 basis points depending on an institution’s risk category, with adjustments resulting in increased assessment rates for institutions with a significant reliance on secured liabilities and brokered deposits. Under the proposal the FDIC may continue to adopt actual rates that are higher without further notice-and-comment rulemaking subject to certain limitations. If the FDIC determines that assessment rates should be increased, institutions in all risk categories could be affected. The FDIC has exercised this authority several times in the past and could continue to raise insurance assessment rates in the future. The increased deposit insurance premiums proposed by the FDIC are expected to result in a significant increase in the Bank’s non-interest expense, which will have a material impact on the Bank’s results of operations beginning in 2009. On May 29, 2009, FDIC voted to levy a special assessment on insured institutions as part of the agency’s efforts to rebuild the DIF and help maintain public confidence in the banking system. The final rule establishes a special assessment of five basis points on each FDIC-insured depository institution’s assets, minus its Tier 1 capital, as of June 30, 2009. The special assessment will be collected September 30, 2009.

Management expects to face increased regulation and supervision of the banking industry as a result of the existing financial crisis, and there will be additional requirements and conditions imposed on the Company to the extent that it participates in any of the programs established or to be established by the Treasury or by the federal bank regulatory agencies. Such additional regulation and supervision may increase the Company’s costs and limit the Company’s ability to pursue business opportunities.

The Company is subject to certain risks with respect to liquidity.

“Liquidity” refers to the Company’s ability to generate sufficient cash flows to support operations and to fulfill obligations, including commitments to originate loans, to repay wholesale borrowings, and to satisfy the withdrawal of deposits by customers.

The Company’s primary sources of liquidity are the cash flows generated through the repayment of loans and securities, cash flows from the sale of loans and securities, deposits gathered organically through the Bank’s branch network, from socially motivated depositors, city and state agencies; and borrowed funds, primarily in the form of wholesale borrowings from the FHLB-NY. In addition, and depending on current market conditions, the Company has the ability to access the capital markets from time to time.

Deposit flows, calls of investment securities and wholesale borrowings, and prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities are strongly influenced by such external factors as the direction of interest rates, whether actual or perceived; local and national economic conditions; and competition for deposits and loans in the markets the Bank serves. Furthermore, changes to the FHLB-NY’s underwriting guidelines for wholesale borrowings may limit or restrict the Bank’s ability to borrow, and could therefore have a significant adverse impact on liquidity.

A decline in available funding could adversely impact the Bank’s ability to originate loans, invest in securities, and meet expenses, or to fulfill such obligations as repaying borrowings or meeting deposit withdrawal demands.

The Bank’s ability to pay dividends or lend funds to the Holding Company is subject to regulatory limitations which may prevent the Holding Company from making future dividend payments or principal and interest payments on its debt obligation.

Carver is a unitary savings and loan association holding company regulated by the OTS and almost all of its operating assets are owned by Carver Federal. Carver relies primarily on dividends from the Bank to pay cash dividends to its stockholders, to engage in share repurchase programs and to pay principal and interest on its trust preferred debt obligation. The OTS regulates all capital distributions by the Bank to the Company, including dividend payments. As the subsidiary of a savings and loan association holding company, Carver Federal must file a notice or an application (depending on the proposed dividend amount) with the OTS prior to each capital distribution. The OTS will disallow any proposed dividend that would result in failure to meet the OTS’ minimum capital requirements. Based on Carver Federal’s current financial condition, it is not expected that this provision will have any impact on the Company’s receipt of dividends from the Bank although it is possible. Payment of dividends by Carver Federal may also be restricted at any time, at the discretion of the OTS, if it deems the payment to constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice.

Pursuant to Carver’s participation in the TARP CPP, the Company entered into certain agreements with the Treasury that limit the Company’s activities in a number of ways and provide the Treasury the ability to impose additional restrictions as it determines. For example, the Holding Company’s ability to declare or pay dividends on any of its shares is restricted. Specifically, the Company is not able to declare dividends payments on common, junior preferred or pari passu preferred shares if it is in arrears on the dividends on the senior preferred shares issued to the Treasury. Further, the Company is not permitted to increase dividends on common stock without the Treasury’s approval until the third anniversary of the investment unless the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury has been redeemed or transferred. In addition, the Company’s ability to repurchase shares of common stock is prohibited without the Treasury’s prior consent until the third anniversary of the investment or until the senior preferred stock issued to the Treasury has been redeemed or transferred. Further, common, junior preferred or pari passu preferred shares may not be repurchased if the Company is in arrears on the dividends on the senior preferred shares issued to the Treasury.

Carver may not be able to utilize its income tax benefits.

The Company’s ability to utilize the deferred tax asset generated by New Markets Tax Credit income tax benefits over the next five years, as well as other deferred tax assets, depends on its ability to meet the NMTC compliance requirements and its ability to generate sufficient taxable income from operations or from potential tax strategies to generate taxable income in the future. Since the Bank has not generated sufficient taxable income to utilize tax credits previously recognized, a deferred tax asset has been recorded in the Company’s financial statements. For additional information regarding Carver’s NMTC, refer to Item 7, “New Markets Tax Credit Award.”

Carver faces system failure risks and security risks.

The computer systems and network infrastructure the Company and its third party service providers use could be vulnerable to unforeseen problems. Fire, power loss or other failures may effect Carver’s computer equipment and other technology, or that of the Company’s third party service providers. Also, the Company’s computer systems and network infrastructure could be damaged by “hacking” and “identity theft” which could adversely affect the results of Carver’s operations, or that of the Company’s third party service providers.

The Bank may be required to record a charge to earnings if goodwill or other intangible assets become impaired.

Under U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, if impairment of goodwill or other identifiable intangible assets is determined, the Bank may be required to record a charge to earnings in the period of such determination. The Bank commenced an interim goodwill impairment analysis during the second quarter of fiscal year 2009, based on indications that the fair value of the Bank’s reporting unit may have declined below its carrying value as a result of factors such as the further decline in the Bank’s market capitalization relative to the book value of shareholders’ equity and the adverse market conditions impacting the financial services sector generally. The Company completed its interim impairment analysis during the third quarter ended December 31, 2008. A valuation specialist was engaged to assist management in its fair value assessment of goodwill. As a result of the finalization of the goodwill impairment analysis the Bank determined that goodwill was fully impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $7.1 million. However, the Bank’s tangible capital ratio and regulatory capital ratios were not affected by this non-cash expense since goodwill is not included in these calculations. The Bank is not aware of any other impairment of its intangible assets.

The Company’s business could suffer if it fails to retain skilled people.

The Company’s success depends on its ability to attract and retain key employees reflecting current market opportunities and challenges. Competition for the best people is intense, and the Company’s size and limited resources may present additional challenges in being able to retain the best possible employees, which could adversely affect the results of operations.

A natural disaster could harm Carver’s business.

Natural disasters could harm the Company’s operations directly through interference with communications, as well as through the destruction of facilities and financial information systems. Such disasters may also have an impact on collateral underlying the Bank’s loans. The Company may face higher insurance costs in the event of such disasters.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

Not Applicable.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

The Bank currently conducts its business through two administrative offices and nine branches (including the 125th Street branch) and twelve separate ATM locations. During fiscal 2009, the Bank closed the Livingston Branch and consolidated its deposits to another Carver Federal branch. The Bank is still obligated under the lease agreement to make payments; however, the Bank is actively trying to sublease the location. The following table sets forth certain information regarding Carver Federal’s offices and other material properties at March 31, 2009. The Bank believes that such facilities are suitable and adequate for its operational needs.

Lease

Year

Owned or

Expiration

% Space

Branches

Address

City/State

Opened

Leased

Date

Utilized

Main Branch

75 West 125th Street

New York, NY

1996

Owned

n/a

100

%

Bedford-Stuyvesant Branch

1281 Fulton Street

Brooklyn, NY

1989

Owned

n/a

70

%

Crown Heights Branch

1009-1015 Nostrand Avenue

Brooklyn, NY

1975

Owned

n/a

100

%

St Albans Branch

115-02 Merrick Boulevard

Jamaica, NY

1996

Leased

02/2011

75

%

Malcolm X Blvd. Branch

142 Malcolm X Boulevard

New York, NY

2001

Leased

04/2011

100

%

Jamaica Center Branch

158-45 Archer Avenue

Jamaica, New York

2003

Leased

07/2018

100

%

Atlantic Terminal Branch

4 Hanson Place

Brooklyn, NY

2003

Leased

03/2013

100

%

Bradhurst Branch

300 West 145th Street

New York, NY

2004

Leased

12/2009

100

%

Sunset Park Branch

140 58th Street

Brooklyn, NY

2000

Leased

10/2010

100

%

Inactive:

Livingston Branch

111 Livingston Street

Brooklyn, NY

1999

Leased

02/2014

0

%

ATM Centers

West 125th Street

503 West 125th Street

New York, NY

2003

Leased

03/2013

100

%

West 137th Street

3381 Broadway

New York, NY

2003

Leased

10/2013

100

%

Atlantic Terminal Mall

139 Flatbush Avenue

Brooklyn, NY

2004

Leased

07/2009

100

%

5th Avenue

1400 5th Avenue

New York, NY

2003

Leased

10/2013

100

%

Fulton Street

1950 Fulton Street

Brooklyn, NY

2005

Leased

01/2010

100

%

Atlantic Avenue

625 Atlantic Avenue

Brooklyn, NY

2003

Leased

10/2013

100

%

Church & Nostrand

2843-52 Church Avenue

Brooklyn, NY

2007

Leased

12/2012

100

%

Myrtle Ave

362 Myrtle Ave

Brooklyn, NY

2007

Leased

07/2017

100

%

ATM Machines *

Bedford Avenue

1650 Bedford Avenue

Brooklyn, NY

1150 Carroll Street

1150 Carroll Street

Brooklyn, NY

AirTrain

93-40 Sutphin Boulevard

Jamaica, NY

Brooklyn Army Terminal

140 58th Street

Brooklyn, NY

Administrative Office

Metrotech Center

12 Metrotech Center

Brooklyn, NY

2007

Leased

03/2017

100

%

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, Carver Federal is a party to various legal proceedings incident to its business. Certain claims, suits, complaints and investigations involving Carver Federal, arising in the ordinary course of business, have been filed or are pending. The Company is of the opinion, after discussion with legal counsel representing Carver Federal in these proceedings, that the aggregate liability or loss, if any, arising from the ultimate disposition of these matters would not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. At March 31, 2009, there were no material legal proceedings to which the Company was a party or to which any of their property was subject.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2009, no matters were submitted to a vote of the Company’s security holders through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise.

PART II

ITEM 5.		MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

The Holding Company’s common stock has been listed on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “CARV” since July 10, 2008. Before that, the Company’s stock was listed on the American Stock Exchange under the symbol “CNY.” As of June 20, 2009, there were 2,475,037 shares of common stock outstanding, held by 951 stockholders of record. The following table shows the high and low per share sales prices of the common stock and the dividends declared for the quarters indicated.

		High				Low				Dividend
Fiscal Year 2009
June 30, 2008		$	12.76			$	8.05			$	0.10
September 30, 2008		$	9.18			$	6.49			$	0.10
December 31, 2008		$	7.20			$	5.00			$	0.10
March 31, 2009		$	5.98			$	1.65			$	0.10

		High				Low				Dividend
Fiscal Year 2008
June 30, 2007		$	17.06			$	15.70			$	0.10
September 30, 2007		$	16.75			$	15.10			$	0.10
December 31, 2007		$	16.85			$	12.70			$	0.10
March 31, 2008		$	16.00			$	11.50			$	0.10

Each quarter the Board meets to determine the dividend amount per share to be declared. On May 27, 2009, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $0.10 cash dividend to shareholders for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009. This dividend amount is consistent with dividends paid during the previous three quarters of fiscal 2009. Any future decision to change the quarterly cash dividend will based on, among other things, the dividend payout ratio coupled with the Bank’s strategy to retain capital in the current economic environment. As in the past, the Company’s Board of Directors reviews the payment of dividends quarterly and plans to continue to maintain a regular quarterly dividend in the future, dependent upon earnings, financial condition and other factors.

Under OTS regulations, the Bank will not be permitted to pay dividends to the Holding Company on its capital stock if its regulatory capital would be reduced below applicable regulatory capital requirements or if its stockholders’ equity would be reduced below the amount required to be maintained for the liquidation account, which was established in connection with the Bank’s conversion to stock form. The OTS capital distribution regulations applicable to savings institutions (such as the Bank) that meet their regulatory capital requirements permit, after not less than 30 days prior notice to the OTS, capital distributions during a calendar year that do not exceed the Bank’s net income for that year plus its retained net income for the prior two years. Since the Bank incurred a net loss in fiscal 2009, prior approval of the OTS is required for any capital distribution to the Holding Company. For information concerning the Bank’s liquidation account, see Note 12 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Unlike the Bank, the Holding Company is not subject to OTS regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends to its stockholders, although the source of such dividends is dependent, primarily, upon capital distributions from the Bank. The Holding Company is subject to the requirements of Delaware law, which generally limit dividends to an amount equal to the excess of the net assets of the Company (the amount by which total assets exceed total liabilities) over its statutory capital, or if there is no such excess, to its net profits for the current and/or immediately preceding fiscal year.

On August 6, 2002 the Holding Company announced a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to 231,635 shares of its outstanding common stock. As of March 31, 2009, 176,174 shares of its common stock have been repurchased in open market transactions at an average price of $15.72 per share. The Holding Company intends to use repurchased shares to fund its stock-based benefit and compensation plans and for any other purpose the Board deems advisable in compliance with applicable law. As a result of the Company’s participation in the TARP CPP, the U.S. Treasury’s prior approval is required to make further repurchases.

Carver has four equity compensation plans as follows:

(1) The Management Recognition Plan (“MRP”) which provides for automatic grants of restricted stock to certain employees and non-employee directors as of the date the plan became effective in June of 1995. Additionally, the MRP makes provision for added discretionary grants of restricted stock to those employees so selected by the Compensation Committee of the Board, which administers the plan. There are no shares available for grant under the MRP.

(2) The Incentive Compensation Plan (“ICP”) provides for grants of cash bonuses, restricted stock and stock options to the employees selected by the Compensation Committee. Carver terminated this plan in 2006 and there are no grants outstanding under it.

(3) The 1995 Stock Option Plan provides for automatic option grants to certain employees and directors as of the date the plan became effective in September of 1995, and like the MRP, also makes provision for added discretionary option grants to those employees so selected by the Compensation Committee. The 1995 Stock Option Plan expired in 2005, however, options are still outstanding under this plan.

(4) The 2006 Stock Incentive Plan became effective in September of 2006 and provides for discretionary option grants, stock appreciation rights and restricted stock to those employees and directors so selected by the Compensation Committee.

Additional information regarding Carver’s equity compensation plans is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans” in the Proxy Statement (as defined below in Item 10).

Stock Performance Graph

The graph below compares Carver Bancorp, Inc.’s cumulative 5-year total shareholder return on common stock with the cumulative total returns of the S & P Small Cap Thrift & Mortgage finance and AMEX companies listed in SIC Code 6030-6039. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in the Holding Company’s common stock, in each index and in each of the peer groups (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from 3/31/2004 to 3/31/2009.

		2004				2005				2006				2007				2008				2009
Carver Bancorp Inc.			100.00				137.33				127.67				127.50				90.98				28.60
S&P Small Cap Thrift & Mortgage Finance			100.00				157.59				165.12				136.43				104.64				50.44
SIC Code 6030-6039(AMEX STOCKS)			100.00				158.59				172.70				165.55				88.49				66.15

The stock price performance included in this graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock performance.

The companies listed in the S&P Small Cap Thrift & Mortgage Finance index are Anchor Bancorp Wisconsin, Bank Mutual Corp., Brookline Bancorp Inc., Corus Bank Shares Inc., Dime Community Bancshares, Flagstar Bancorp Inc. and Traid Guaranty Inc. The AMEX listed companies in SIC Codes 6030-6039 are: Federal Trust Corp., Gouverneur Bancorp Inc. and Teche Holdings Company.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

The following selected consolidated financial and other data is as of and for the years ended March 31 and is derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and related notes (dollars in thousands):

		2009				2008				2007				2006				2005
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Assets		$	791,428			$	796,182			$	739,530			$	661,396			$	626,377
Loans held-for-sale			21,105				23,767				23,226				—				—
Total loans receivable, net			634,010				627,231				579,866				493,432				421,987
Securities			74,730				38,172				67,117				108,286				149,335
Cash and cash equivalents			13,341				27,368				17,350				22,904				20,420
Deposits			603,416				654,663				615,122				504,638				455,870
Borrowed funds			115,017				58,625				61,093				93,792				115,299
Stockholders’ equity			64,338				53,881				51,142				48,697				45,801
Number of deposit accounts			44,480				46,771				46,034				41,614				40,199
Number of branches			9				10				10				8				8
Operating Data:
Interest income		$	42,000			$	48,132			$	41,740			$	32,385			$	28,546
Interest expense			16,506				22,656				19,234				13,493				9,758
Net interest income before provision for loan losses			25,494				25,476				22,506				18,892				18,788
Provision for loan losses			2,703				222				276				—				—
Net interest income after provision for loan losses			22,791				25,254				22,230				18,892				18,788
Non-interest income			5,175				7,861				2,869				5,341				4,075
Non-interest expense			37,832				29,898				24,100				19,134				18,696
Income (loss) before income taxes			(9,866	)			3,217				999				5,099				4,167
Income tax (benefit) expense			(3,202	)			(892	)			(1,099	)			1,329				1,518
Minority intereset, net of taxes			360				146				—				—				—
Net income (loss)		$	(7,024	)		$	3,963			$	2,098			$	3,770			$	2,649
Basic earnings (loss) per common share		$	(2.87	)		$	1.59			$	0.84			$	1.50			$	1.06
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share		$	(2.87	)		$	1.55			$	0.81			$	1.45			$	1.03
Cash dividends per common share		$	0.40			$	0.40			$	0.35			$	0.31			$	0.26
Selected Statistical Data:
Return on average assets (1)		NM					0.51	%			0.30	%			0.60	%			0.45	%
Return on average equity (2)		NM					7.18				4.25				7.93				5.80
Net interest margin (3)			3.55	%			3.62				3.44				2.97				3.41
Average interest rate spread (4)			3.34				3.34				3.16				3.18				3.26
Efficiency ratio (5)			102.59				89.68				94.98				78.96				81.77
Operating expense to average assets (6)			3.96				3.89				3.34				3.04				3.21
Average equity to average assets			6.85				7.16				7.05				7.54				7.84
Dividend payout ratio (7)		NM					24.67				34.04				20.63				24.64
Asset Quality Ratios:
Non-performing assets to total assets (8)			3.31	%			0.50	%			0.61	%			0.42	%			0.16	%
Non-performing loans to total loans receivable (8)			4.01				0.43				0.74				0.55				0.23
Allowance for loan losses to total loans receivable			1.06				0.74				0.89				0.81				0.96

ITEM 7.		MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements presented elsewhere in this report. The Company’s results of operations are significantly affected by general economic and competitive conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates, government policies, changes in accounting standards and actions of regulatory agencies.

Executive Summary

The following overview should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation in its entirety.

The financial services industry is facing unprecedented challenges in the face of the current national and global economic crisis. The global and U.S. economies are experiencing significantly reduced business activity as a result of among other factors, disruptions in the financial system during the past year. Dramatic declines in the housing market during the past year, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, have resulted in significant write-downs of asset values by financial institutions, including government-sponsored entities and major commercial and investment banks. These write-downs, initially of mortgage-backed securities but spreading to credit default swaps and other derivative securities, have caused many financial institutions to seek additional capital; to merge with larger and stronger institutions; and, in some cases, to fail. The Company is fortunate that the markets it serves have been impacted to a lesser extent than many areas around the country.

In response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets, there have been several recent announcements of Federal programs designed to purchase assets from, provide equity capital to, and guarantee the liquidity of the industry.

On October 3, 2008, the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”) was signed into law. The EESA authorizes the U.S. Treasury to, among other things, purchase up to $700 billion of mortgages, mortgage-backed securities, and certain other financial instruments from financial institutions for the purpose of stabilizing and providing liquidity to the U.S. financial markets. The Company did not materially originate or invest in sub-prime assets and, therefore, does not expect to participate in the sale of any of its assets into these programs. EESA also immediately increased the FDIC deposit insurance limit from $100,000 to $250,000 through December 31, 2009.

On October 14, 2008, the Treasury announced that it will purchase equity stakes in a wide variety of banks and thrifts. Under this program, known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program Capital Purchase Program (the “TARP CPP”), the Treasury made $250 billion of capital available (from the $700 billion authorized by the EESA) to U.S. financial institutions in the form of preferred stock. In conjunction with the purchase of preferred stock, the Treasury will receive warrants to purchase common stock with an aggregate market price equal to 15% of the preferred investment. Participating financial institutions will be required to adopt the Treasury’s standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the Treasury holds equity issued under the TARP CPP.

On January 20, 2009, the Company announced that it completed the sale of $19 million in preferred stock to the Treasury in connection with Carver’s participation in the TARP CPP. Importantly, Carver is exempt from the requirement to issue a warrant to the Treasury to purchase shares of common stock, as the Bank is a certified Community Development Financial Institution (“CDFI”), conducting most of its depository and lending activities in disadvantaged communities. Therefore the investment will not dilute current common stock stockholders. Carver issued 18,980 shares of Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, with a liquidation preference of $1,000 per share. The preferred stock investment represents approximately 3 percent of Carver’s risk weighted assets as of March 31, 2009 resulting in the Bank’s capital ratios exceeding minimum regulatory capital requirements. The Treasury investment substantially increased the Bank’s capital ratios producing a tangible capital ratio of 9.51%; core capital ratio of 9.52%; and risk-based capital ratio of 12.78%. The Bank has used funds from TARP CPP to increase its securities and loan portfolios.

Fiscal 2009 was a particularly challenging year for Carver as it reported a net loss of $7.0 million as compared to a profit of $3.9 million in fiscal 2008. The net loss was primarily the result of a $2.7 million provision for loan losses and a $7.1 million goodwill impairment charge.

The provision for loan losses recorded during fiscal 2009 reflects the increase in and composition of loan delinquencies, non-performing loans, net loan charge-offs and overall loan portfolio, as well as evaluation of the continued deterioration of the housing and real estate markets and increasing weakness in the overall economy, particularly the accelerating pace of job losses. At March 31, 2009 non-performing loans represent 3.89% of total loans as compared to 0.43% at March 31, 2008.

Carver reported $7.1 million in goodwill from its acquisition of Community Capital Bank in 2006. Based on indications that the fair value of the Company’s reporting unit declined below its carrying value as a result of factors such as the further decline in the Company’s market capitalization relative to the book value of shareholders’ equity and the adverse market conditions impacting the financial services sector generally the Company determined that goodwill was impaired and recorded an impairment charge of $7.1 million for fiscal 2009.

Net interest income was essentially flat from the prior year with a net interest margin decrease of 7 basis points to 3.55%. During fiscal 2009 overall interest rates declined, however the Bank was able to take advantage of its favorable asset/liability position by matching the reduction in the yield on its interest-earning assets with a reduction in its costs of interest-bearing deposits. As interest rates declined, the bank has benefited from the repricing of CD maturities and borrowings at significantly lower rates of interest offsetting the effect of the decline in the yields on loans and securities.

The business climate continues to present significant challenges, without a near term inflection point signaling recovery. Carver Federal expects that loan growth will continue in fiscal 2010 as the opportunity for portfolio lending remains strong. However, the Bank expects to reduce the risk in its loan portfolio, given the very challenging credit environment, by curtailing the origination of construction loans for the time being, and refocusing on multifamily and non-profit lending, which have historically produced low loss ratios, even during difficult economic times. The Bank expect deposit growth in fiscal 2010, particularly as the intense competition for core community deposits which the Bank experienced in prior years has recently abated. Carver Federal intends to continue to focus on costs. In fiscal 2009, the Bank took very difficult steps including eliminating 20% of its workforce, closing a branch and outsourcing the residential loan division. In fiscal year 2010 the Bank is focused on additional efficiencies, targeting vendor consolidation. However, industry-wide increases in FDIC insurance premiums coupled with potentially reduced dividends on FHLB-NY stock will have a negative impact on fiscal 2010 earnings. With respect to asset quality, continued weakness in the real estate market exacerbated by a severe downturn in the economy presents challenges for all financial institutions in the year ahead. Continued job losses coupled with declining real estate values may put increased pressure on the loan portfolio which may result in higher delinquencies and non-performing loans in fiscal 2010.

Acquisition of Community Capital Bank

On September 29, 2006, the Bank completed its acquisition of Community Capital Bank, a Brooklyn-based New York State chartered commercial bank, with approximately $165.4 million in assets and two branches, in a cash transaction totaling approximately $11.1 million. Under the terms of the merger agreement, CCB’s shareholders were paid $40.00 per outstanding share (including options which immediately vested with the consummation of the merger) and the Bank incurred an additional $0.9 million in transaction related costs. The transaction, which was accounted for under the purchase accounting method, included the recognition of approximately $0.8 million of core deposit intangibles and $7.1 million representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets (“goodwill”). As noted above, during fiscal 2009 the Bank recorded and impairment charge for the entire amount of goodwill.

New Markets Tax Credit Award

In June 2006, Carver Federal was selected by the U.S. Department of Treasury, in a highly competitive process, to receive an award of $59 million in New Markets Tax Credits. The NMTC award is used to stimulate economic development in low- to moderate-income communities. The NMTC award enables the Bank to invest with community and development partners in economic development projects with attractive terms including, in some cases, below market interest rates, which may have the effect of attracting capital to underserved communities and facilitating the revitalization of the community, pursuant to the goals of the NMTC program. The NMTC award provides a credit to Carver Federal against Federal income taxes when the Bank makes qualified investments. The credits are allocated over seven years from the time of the qualified investment. Most recently, in May 2009, Carver Federal received another award in the amount of $65 million NMTC. The Bank is currently considering various options as to how to utilize this award.

Recognition of the Bank’s $59.0 million NMTC award began in December 2006 when the Bank invested $29.5 million, one-half of its $59 million award. In December 2008, the Bank invested an additional $10.5 million and transferred rights to $19.2 million to an investor in a NMTC project. The Bank’s NMTC allocation was fully invested as of December 31, 2008. During the seven year period, assuming the Bank meets compliance requirements, the Bank will receive 39% of the $40.0 million invested award amount in tax benefits (5% over each of the first three years, and 6% over each of the next four years). The Company expects to receive the remaining NMTC tax benefits of approximately $10.1 million from its $40.0 million investment over the next five years.

With the Bank’s most recent NMTC award in May 2009, the utilization of this award allows the Bank to receive additional NMTC tax benefits of 39% on the $65.0 million directly invested, or approximately $25.4 million, over the next seven years.

Critical Accounting Policies

Various elements of accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Carver’s policy with respect to the methodologies used to determine the allowance for loan losses is the most critical accounting policy. This policy is important to the presentation of Carver’s financial condition and results of operations, and it involves a higher degree of complexity and requires management to make difficult and subjective judgments, which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions and estimates could result in material differences in the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.

See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the Company’s summary of significant accounting policies, including those related to allowance for loan losses, and an explanation of the methods and assumptions underlying their application.

Securities Impairment

The Bank’s available-for-sale securities portfolio is carried at estimated fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss in stockholders’ equity. Securities that the Bank has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held-to-maturity and are carried at amortized cost. The fair values of securities in the portfolio are based on published or securities dealers’ market values and are affected by changes in interest rates. The Bank quarterly reviews and evaluates the securities portfolio to determine if the decline in the fair value of any security below its cost basis is other-than-temporary. The Bank generally views changes in fair value caused by changes in interest rates as temporary, which is consistent with its experience. However, if such a decline is deemed to be other-than-temporary, the security is written down to a new cost basis and the resulting loss is charged to earnings. At March 31, 2009, the Bank held a private label mortgage-backed security which was determined to be other than temporarily impaired in the amount of $52 thousand.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level considered adequate to provide for probable loan losses inherent in the portfolio as of March 31, 2009. During the third quarter of fiscal 2008, Carver changed its loan loss methodology to be consistent with the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses released by the Federal Financial Regulatory Agencies on December 13, 2006. The change had an immaterial affect on the allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2009. Management is responsible for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses and the periodic provisioning for estimated losses included in the consolidated financial statements. The evaluation process is undertaken on a quarterly basis, but may increase in frequency should conditions arise that would require management’s prompt attention, such as business combinations and opportunities to dispose of non-performing and marginally performing loans by bulk sale or any development which may indicate an adverse trend.

Carver Federal maintains a loan review system, which includes periodic review of its loan portfolio and the early identification of potential problem loans. Such system takes into consideration, among other things, delinquency status, size of loans, type of collateral and financial condition of the borrowers. Loan loss allowances are established for problem loans based on a review of such information and/or appraisals of the underlying collateral. On the remainder of its loan portfolio, loan loss allowances are based upon a combination of factors including, but not limited to, actual loan loss experience, composition of loan portfolio, current economic conditions and management’s judgment. Although management believes that adequate loan loss allowances have been established, actual losses are dependent upon future events and, as such, further additions to the level of the loan loss allowance may be necessary in the future.

The methodology employed for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance consists of the following criteria:

	•		Establishment of loan loss allowance amounts for all specifically identified criticized and classified loans that have been designated as requiring attention by management’s internal loan review process, bank regulatory examinations or Carver Federal’s external auditors.
	•		An average loss factor, giving effect to historical loss experience over several years and other qualitative factors, is applied to all loans not subject to specific review.
	•		Evaluation of any changes in risk profile brought about by business combinations, customer knowledge, the results of ongoing credit quality monitoring processes and the cyclical nature of economic and business conditions. An important consideration in performing this evaluation is the concentration of real estate related loans located in the New York City metropolitan area.